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Diffstat (limited to 'man2/pidfd_open.2')
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diff --git a/man2/pidfd_open.2 b/man2/pidfd_open.2 deleted file mode 100644 index 32e92c0..0000000 --- a/man2/pidfd_open.2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2019 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.TH pidfd_open 2 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -pidfd_open \- obtain a file descriptor that refers to a process -.SH LIBRARY -Standard C library -.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>" " /* Definition of " SYS_* " constants */" -.B #include <unistd.h> -.P -.BI "int syscall(SYS_pidfd_open, pid_t " pid ", unsigned int " flags ); -.fi -.P -.IR Note : -glibc provides no wrapper for -.BR pidfd_open (), -necessitating the use of -.BR syscall (2). -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.BR pidfd_open () -system call creates a file descriptor that refers to -the process whose PID is specified in -.IR pid . -The file descriptor is returned as the function result; -the close-on-exec flag is set on the file descriptor. -.P -The -.I flags -argument either has the value 0, or contains the following flag: -.TP -.BR PIDFD_NONBLOCK " (since Linux 5.10)" -.\" commit 4da9af0014b51c8b015ed8c622440ef28912efe6 -Return a nonblocking file descriptor. -If the process referred to by the file descriptor has not yet terminated, -then an attempt to wait on the file descriptor using -.BR waitid (2) -will immediately return the error -.B EAGAIN -rather than blocking. -.SH RETURN VALUE -On success, -.BR pidfd_open () -returns a file descriptor (a nonnegative integer). -On error, \-1 is returned and -.I errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.TP -.B EINVAL -.I flags -is not valid. -.TP -.B EINVAL -.I pid -is not valid. -.TP -.B EMFILE -The per-process limit on the number of open file descriptors has been reached -(see the description of -.B RLIMIT_NOFILE -in -.BR getrlimit (2)). -.TP -.B ENFILE -The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached. -.TP -.B ENODEV -The anonymous inode filesystem is not available in this kernel. -.TP -.B ENOMEM -Insufficient kernel memory was available. -.TP -.B ESRCH -The process specified by -.I pid -does not exist. -.SH STANDARDS -Linux. -.SH HISTORY -Linux 5.3. -.SH NOTES -The following code sequence can be used to obtain a file descriptor -for the child of -.BR fork (2): -.P -.in +4n -.EX -pid = fork(); -if (pid > 0) { /* If parent */ - pidfd = pidfd_open(pid, 0); - ... -} -.EE -.in -.P -Even if the child has already terminated by the time of the -.BR pidfd_open () -call, its PID will not have been recycled and the returned -file descriptor will refer to the resulting zombie process. -Note, however, that this is guaranteed only if the following -conditions hold true: -.IP \[bu] 3 -the disposition of -.B SIGCHLD -has not been explicitly set to -.B SIG_IGN -(see -.BR sigaction (2)); -.IP \[bu] -the -.B SA_NOCLDWAIT -flag was not specified while establishing a handler for -.B SIGCHLD -or while setting the disposition of that signal to -.B SIG_DFL -(see -.BR sigaction (2)); -and -.IP \[bu] -the zombie process was not reaped elsewhere in the program -(e.g., either by an asynchronously executed signal handler or by -.BR wait (2) -or similar in another thread). -.P -If any of these conditions does not hold, -then the child process (along with a PID file descriptor that refers to it) -should instead be created using -.BR clone (2) -with the -.B CLONE_PIDFD -flag. -.\" -.SS Use cases for PID file descriptors -A PID file descriptor returned by -.BR pidfd_open () -(or by -.BR clone (2) -with the -.B CLONE_PID -flag) can be used for the following purposes: -.IP \[bu] 3 -The -.BR pidfd_send_signal (2) -system call can be used to send a signal to the process referred to by -a PID file descriptor. -.IP \[bu] -A PID file descriptor can be monitored using -.BR poll (2), -.BR select (2), -and -.BR epoll (7). -When the process that it refers to terminates, -these interfaces indicate the file descriptor as readable. -Note, however, that in the current implementation, -nothing can be read from the file descriptor -.RB ( read (2) -on the file descriptor fails with the error -.BR EINVAL ). -.IP \[bu] -If the PID file descriptor refers to a child of the calling process, -then it can be waited on using -.BR waitid (2). -.IP \[bu] -The -.BR pidfd_getfd (2) -system call can be used to obtain a duplicate of a file descriptor -of another process referred to by a PID file descriptor. -.IP \[bu] -A PID file descriptor can be used as the argument of -.BR setns (2) -in order to move into one or more of the same namespaces as the process -referred to by the file descriptor. -.IP \[bu] -A PID file descriptor can be used as the argument of -.BR process_madvise (2) -in order to provide advice on the memory usage patterns of the process -referred to by the file descriptor. -.P -The -.BR pidfd_open () -system call is the preferred way of obtaining a PID file descriptor -for an already existing process. -The alternative is to obtain a file descriptor by opening a -.IR /proc/ pid -directory. -However, the latter technique is possible only if the -.BR proc (5) -filesystem is mounted; -furthermore, the file descriptor obtained in this way is -.I not -pollable and can't be waited on with -.BR waitid (2). -.SH EXAMPLES -The program below opens a PID file descriptor for the -process whose PID is specified as its command-line argument. -It then uses -.BR poll (2) -to monitor the file descriptor for process exit, as indicated by an -.B EPOLLIN -event. -.\" -.SS Program source -\& -.\" SRC BEGIN (pidfd_open.c) -.EX -#define _GNU_SOURCE -#include <poll.h> -#include <stdio.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <sys/syscall.h> -#include <unistd.h> -\& -static int -pidfd_open(pid_t pid, unsigned int flags) -{ - return syscall(SYS_pidfd_open, pid, flags); -} -\& -int -main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ - int pidfd, ready; - struct pollfd pollfd; -\& - if (argc != 2) { - fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pid>\en", argv[0]); - exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); - } -\& - pidfd = pidfd_open(atoi(argv[1]), 0); - if (pidfd == \-1) { - perror("pidfd_open"); - exit(EXIT_FAILURE); - } -\& - pollfd.fd = pidfd; - pollfd.events = POLLIN; -\& - ready = poll(&pollfd, 1, \-1); - if (ready == \-1) { - perror("poll"); - exit(EXIT_FAILURE); - } -\& - printf("Events (%#x): POLLIN is %sset\en", pollfd.revents, - (pollfd.revents & POLLIN) ? "" : "not "); -\& - close(pidfd); - exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); -} -.EE -.\" SRC END -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR clone (2), -.BR kill (2), -.BR pidfd_getfd (2), -.BR pidfd_send_signal (2), -.BR poll (2), -.BR process_madvise (2), -.BR select (2), -.BR setns (2), -.BR waitid (2), -.BR epoll (7) |