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diff --git a/man2/poll.2 b/man2/poll.2 deleted file mode 100644 index 36e89f8..0000000 --- a/man2/poll.2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,649 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2006, 2019 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.\" Additions from Richard Gooch <rgooch@atnf.CSIRO.AU> and aeb, 971207 -.\" 2006-03-13, mtk, Added ppoll() + various other rewordings -.\" 2006-07-01, mtk, Added POLLRDHUP + various other wording and -.\" formatting changes. -.\" -.TH poll 2 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -poll, ppoll \- wait for some event on a file descriptor -.SH LIBRARY -Standard C library -.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.B #include <poll.h> -.P -.BI "int poll(struct pollfd *" fds ", nfds_t " nfds ", int " timeout ); -.P -.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" " /* See feature_test_macros(7) */" -.B #include <poll.h> -.P -.BI "int ppoll(struct pollfd *" fds ", nfds_t " nfds , -.BI " const struct timespec *_Nullable " tmo_p , -.BI " const sigset_t *_Nullable " sigmask ); -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.BR poll () -performs a similar task to -.BR select (2): -it waits for one of a set of file descriptors to become ready -to perform I/O. -The Linux-specific -.BR epoll (7) -API performs a similar task, but offers features beyond those found in -.BR poll (). -.P -The set of file descriptors to be monitored is specified in the -.I fds -argument, which is an array of structures of the following form: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -struct pollfd { - int fd; /* file descriptor */ - short events; /* requested events */ - short revents; /* returned events */ -}; -.EE -.in -.P -The caller should specify the number of items in the -.I fds -array in -.IR nfds . -.P -The field -.I fd -contains a file descriptor for an open file. -If this field is negative, then the corresponding -.I events -field is ignored and the -.I revents -field returns zero. -(This provides an easy way of ignoring a -file descriptor for a single -.BR poll () -call: simply set the -.I fd -field to its bitwise complement.) -.P -The field -.I events -is an input parameter, a bit mask specifying the events the application -is interested in for the file descriptor -.IR fd . -This field may be specified as zero, -in which case the only events that can be returned in -.I revents -are -.BR POLLHUP , -.BR POLLERR , -and -.B POLLNVAL -(see below). -.P -The field -.I revents -is an output parameter, filled by the kernel with the events that -actually occurred. -The bits returned in -.I revents -can include any of those specified in -.IR events , -or one of the values -.BR POLLERR , -.BR POLLHUP , -or -.BR POLLNVAL . -(These three bits are meaningless in the -.I events -field, and will be set in the -.I revents -field whenever the corresponding condition is true.) -.P -If none of the events requested (and no error) has occurred for any -of the file descriptors, then -.BR poll () -blocks until one of the events occurs. -.P -The -.I timeout -argument specifies the number of milliseconds that -.BR poll () -should block waiting for a file descriptor to become ready. -The call will block until either: -.IP \[bu] 3 -a file descriptor becomes ready; -.IP \[bu] -the call is interrupted by a signal handler; or -.IP \[bu] -the timeout expires. -.P -Being "ready" means that the requested operation will not block; thus, -.BR poll ()ing -regular files, -block devices, -and other files with no reasonable polling semantic -.I always -returns instantly as ready to read and write. -.P -Note that the -.I timeout -interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, -and kernel scheduling delays mean that the blocking interval -may overrun by a small amount. -Specifying a negative value in -.I timeout -means an infinite timeout. -Specifying a -.I timeout -of zero causes -.BR poll () -to return immediately, even if no file descriptors are ready. -.P -The bits that may be set/returned in -.I events -and -.I revents -are defined in \fI<poll.h>\fP: -.TP -.B POLLIN -There is data to read. -.TP -.B POLLPRI -There is some exceptional condition on the file descriptor. -Possibilities include: -.RS -.IP \[bu] 3 -There is out-of-band data on a TCP socket (see -.BR tcp (7)). -.IP \[bu] -A pseudoterminal master in packet mode has seen a state change on the slave -(see -.BR ioctl_tty (2)). -.IP \[bu] -A -.I cgroup.events -file has been modified (see -.BR cgroups (7)). -.RE -.TP -.B POLLOUT -Writing is now possible, though a write larger than the available space -in a socket or pipe will still block (unless -.B O_NONBLOCK -is set). -.TP -.BR POLLRDHUP " (since Linux 2.6.17)" -Stream socket peer closed connection, -or shut down writing half of connection. -The -.B _GNU_SOURCE -feature test macro must be defined -(before including -.I any -header files) -in order to obtain this definition. -.TP -.B POLLERR -Error condition (only returned in -.IR revents ; -ignored in -.IR events ). -This bit is also set for a file descriptor referring -to the write end of a pipe when the read end has been closed. -.TP -.B POLLHUP -Hang up (only returned in -.IR revents ; -ignored in -.IR events ). -Note that when reading from a channel such as a pipe or a stream socket, -this event merely indicates that the peer closed its end of the channel. -Subsequent reads from the channel will return 0 (end of file) -only after all outstanding data in the channel has been consumed. -.TP -.B POLLNVAL -Invalid request: -.I fd -not open (only returned in -.IR revents ; -ignored in -.IR events ). -.P -When compiling with -.B _XOPEN_SOURCE -defined, one also has the following, -which convey no further information beyond the bits listed above: -.TP -.B POLLRDNORM -Equivalent to -.BR POLLIN . -.TP -.B POLLRDBAND -Priority band data can be read (generally unused on Linux). -.\" POLLRDBAND is used in the DECnet protocol. -.TP -.B POLLWRNORM -Equivalent to -.BR POLLOUT . -.TP -.B POLLWRBAND -Priority data may be written. -.P -Linux also knows about, but does not use -.BR POLLMSG . -.SS ppoll() -The relationship between -.BR poll () -and -.BR ppoll () -is analogous to the relationship between -.BR select (2) -and -.BR pselect (2): -like -.BR pselect (2), -.BR ppoll () -allows an application to safely wait until either a file descriptor -becomes ready or until a signal is caught. -.P -Other than the difference in the precision of the -.I timeout -argument, the following -.BR ppoll () -call: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -ready = ppoll(&fds, nfds, tmo_p, &sigmask); -.EE -.in -.P -is nearly equivalent to -.I atomically -executing the following calls: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -sigset_t origmask; -int timeout; -\& -timeout = (tmo_p == NULL) ? \-1 : - (tmo_p\->tv_sec * 1000 + tmo_p\->tv_nsec / 1000000); -pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, &origmask); -ready = poll(&fds, nfds, timeout); -pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &origmask, NULL); -.EE -.in -.P -The above code segment is described as -.I nearly -equivalent because whereas a negative -.I timeout -value for -.BR poll () -is interpreted as an infinite timeout, a negative value expressed in -.I *tmo_p -results in an error from -.BR ppoll (). -.P -See the description of -.BR pselect (2) -for an explanation of why -.BR ppoll () -is necessary. -.P -If the -.I sigmask -argument is specified as NULL, then -no signal mask manipulation is performed -(and thus -.BR ppoll () -differs from -.BR poll () -only in the precision of the -.I timeout -argument). -.P -The -.I tmo_p -argument specifies an upper limit on the amount of time that -.BR ppoll () -will block. -This argument is a pointer to a -.BR timespec (3) -structure. -.P -If -.I tmo_p -is specified as NULL, then -.BR ppoll () -can block indefinitely. -.SH RETURN VALUE -On success, -.BR poll () -returns a nonnegative value which is the number of elements in the -.I pollfds -whose -.I revents -fields have been set to a nonzero value (indicating an event or an error). -A return value of zero indicates that the system call timed out -before any file descriptors became ready. -.P -On error, \-1 is returned, and -.I errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.TP -.B EFAULT -.I fds -points outside the process's accessible address space. -The array given as argument was not contained in the calling program's -address space. -.TP -.B EINTR -A signal occurred before any requested event; see -.BR signal (7). -.TP -.B EINVAL -The -.I nfds -value exceeds the -.B RLIMIT_NOFILE -value. -.TP -.B EINVAL -.RB ( ppoll ()) -The timeout value expressed in -.I *tmo_p -is invalid (negative). -.TP -.B ENOMEM -Unable to allocate memory for kernel data structures. -.SH VERSIONS -On some other UNIX systems, -.\" Darwin, according to a report by Jeremy Sequoia, relayed by Josh Triplett -.BR poll () -can fail with the error -.B EAGAIN -if the system fails to allocate kernel-internal resources, rather than -.B ENOMEM -as Linux does. -POSIX permits this behavior. -Portable programs may wish to check for -.B EAGAIN -and loop, just as with -.BR EINTR . -.P -Some implementations define the nonstandard constant -.B INFTIM -with the value \-1 for use as a -.I timeout -for -.BR poll (). -This constant is not provided in glibc. -.SS C library/kernel differences -The Linux -.BR ppoll () -system call modifies its -.I tmo_p -argument. -However, the glibc wrapper function hides this behavior -by using a local variable for the timeout argument that -is passed to the system call. -Thus, the glibc -.BR ppoll () -function does not modify its -.I tmo_p -argument. -.P -The raw -.BR ppoll () -system call has a fifth argument, -.IR "size_t sigsetsize" , -which specifies the size in bytes of the -.I sigmask -argument. -The glibc -.BR ppoll () -wrapper function specifies this argument as a fixed value -(equal to -.IR sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) ). -See -.BR sigprocmask (2) -for a discussion on the differences between the kernel and the libc -notion of the sigset. -.SH STANDARDS -.TP -.BR poll () -POSIX.1-2008. -.TP -.BR ppoll () -Linux. -.\" FIXME . -.\" ppoll() is proposed for inclusion in POSIX: -.\" https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1263 -.\" NetBSD 3.0 has a pollts() which is like Linux ppoll(). -.SH HISTORY -.TP -.BR poll () -POSIX.1-2001. -Linux 2.1.23. -.IP -On older kernels that lack this system call, -the glibc -.BR poll () -wrapper function provides emulation using -.BR select (2). -.TP -.BR ppoll () -Linux 2.6.16, -glibc 2.4. -.SH NOTES -The operation of -.BR poll () -and -.BR ppoll () -is not affected by the -.B O_NONBLOCK -flag. -.P -For a discussion of what may happen if a file descriptor being monitored by -.BR poll () -is closed in another thread, see -.BR select (2). -.SH BUGS -See the discussion of spurious readiness notifications under the -BUGS section of -.BR select (2). -.SH EXAMPLES -The program below opens each of the files named in its command-line -arguments and monitors the resulting file descriptors for readiness to read -.RB ( POLLIN ). -The program loops, repeatedly using -.BR poll () -to monitor the file descriptors, -printing the number of ready file descriptors on return. -For each ready file descriptor, the program: -.IP \[bu] 3 -displays the returned -.I revents -field in a human-readable form; -.IP \[bu] -if the file descriptor is readable, reads some data from it, -and displays that data on standard output; and -.IP \[bu] -if the file descriptor was not readable, -but some other event occurred (presumably -.BR POLLHUP ), -closes the file descriptor. -.P -Suppose we run the program in one terminal, asking it to open a FIFO: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBmkfifo myfifo\fP -$ \fB./poll_input myfifo\fP -.EE -.in -.P -In a second terminal window, we then open the FIFO for writing, -write some data to it, and close the FIFO: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBecho aaaaabbbbbccccc > myfifo\fP -.EE -.in -.P -In the terminal where we are running the program, we would then see: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -Opened "myfifo" on fd 3 -About to poll() -Ready: 1 - fd=3; events: POLLIN POLLHUP - read 10 bytes: aaaaabbbbb -About to poll() -Ready: 1 - fd=3; events: POLLIN POLLHUP - read 6 bytes: ccccc -\& -About to poll() -Ready: 1 - fd=3; events: POLLHUP - closing fd 3 -All file descriptors closed; bye -.EE -.in -.P -In the above output, we see that -.BR poll () -returned three times: -.IP \[bu] 3 -On the first return, the bits returned in the -.I revents -field were -.BR POLLIN , -indicating that the file descriptor is readable, and -.BR POLLHUP , -indicating that the other end of the FIFO has been closed. -The program then consumed some of the available input. -.IP \[bu] -The second return from -.BR poll () -also indicated -.B POLLIN -and -.BR POLLHUP ; -the program then consumed the last of the available input. -.IP \[bu] -On the final return, -.BR poll () -indicated only -.B POLLHUP -on the FIFO, -at which point the file descriptor was closed and the program terminated. -.\" -.SS Program source -\& -.\" SRC BEGIN (poll_input.c) -.EX -/* poll_input.c -\& - Licensed under GNU General Public License v2 or later. -*/ -#include <fcntl.h> -#include <poll.h> -#include <stdio.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <unistd.h> -\& -#define errExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \e - } while (0) -\& -int -main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ - int ready; - char buf[10]; - nfds_t num_open_fds, nfds; - ssize_t s; - struct pollfd *pfds; -\& - if (argc < 2) { - fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file...\en", argv[0]); - exit(EXIT_FAILURE); - } -\& - num_open_fds = nfds = argc \- 1; - pfds = calloc(nfds, sizeof(struct pollfd)); - if (pfds == NULL) - errExit("malloc"); -\& - /* Open each file on command line, and add it to \[aq]pfds\[aq] array. */ -\& - for (nfds_t j = 0; j < nfds; j++) { - pfds[j].fd = open(argv[j + 1], O_RDONLY); - if (pfds[j].fd == \-1) - errExit("open"); -\& - printf("Opened \e"%s\e" on fd %d\en", argv[j + 1], pfds[j].fd); -\& - pfds[j].events = POLLIN; - } -\& - /* Keep calling poll() as long as at least one file descriptor is - open. */ -\& - while (num_open_fds > 0) { - printf("About to poll()\en"); - ready = poll(pfds, nfds, \-1); - if (ready == \-1) - errExit("poll"); -\& - printf("Ready: %d\en", ready); -\& - /* Deal with array returned by poll(). */ -\& - for (nfds_t j = 0; j < nfds; j++) { - if (pfds[j].revents != 0) { - printf(" fd=%d; events: %s%s%s\en", pfds[j].fd, - (pfds[j].revents & POLLIN) ? "POLLIN " : "", - (pfds[j].revents & POLLHUP) ? "POLLHUP " : "", - (pfds[j].revents & POLLERR) ? "POLLERR " : ""); -\& - if (pfds[j].revents & POLLIN) { - s = read(pfds[j].fd, buf, sizeof(buf)); - if (s == \-1) - errExit("read"); - printf(" read %zd bytes: %.*s\en", - s, (int) s, buf); - } else { /* POLLERR | POLLHUP */ - printf(" closing fd %d\en", pfds[j].fd); - if (close(pfds[j].fd) == \-1) - errExit("close"); - num_open_fds\-\-; - } - } - } - } -\& - printf("All file descriptors closed; bye\en"); - exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); -} -.EE -.\" SRC END -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR restart_syscall (2), -.BR select (2), -.BR select_tut (2), -.BR timespec (3), -.BR epoll (7), -.BR time (7) |