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Diffstat (limited to 'man2/sigaltstack.2')
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diff --git a/man2/sigaltstack.2 b/man2/sigaltstack.2 deleted file mode 100644 index 82ba812..0000000 --- a/man2/sigaltstack.2 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,362 +0,0 @@ -'\" t -.\" Copyright (c) 2001, 2017 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.\" aeb, various minor fixes -.TH sigaltstack 2 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -sigaltstack \- set and/or get signal stack context -.SH LIBRARY -Standard C library -.RI ( libc ", " \-lc ) -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.B #include <signal.h> -.P -.BI "int sigaltstack(const stack_t *_Nullable restrict " ss , -.BI " stack_t *_Nullable restrict " old_ss ); -.fi -.P -.RS -4 -Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see -.BR feature_test_macros (7)): -.RE -.P -.BR sigaltstack (): -.nf - _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 -.\" || _XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED - || /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L - || /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.BR sigaltstack () -allows a thread to define a new alternate -signal stack and/or retrieve the state of an existing -alternate signal stack. -An alternate signal stack is used during the -execution of a signal handler if the establishment of that handler (see -.BR sigaction (2)) -requested it. -.P -The normal sequence of events for using an alternate signal stack -is the following: -.TP 3 -1. -Allocate an area of memory to be used for the alternate -signal stack. -.TP -2. -Use -.BR sigaltstack () -to inform the system of the existence and -location of the alternate signal stack. -.TP -3. -When establishing a signal handler using -.BR sigaction (2), -inform the system that the signal handler should be executed -on the alternate signal stack by -specifying the \fBSA_ONSTACK\fP flag. -.P -The \fIss\fP argument is used to specify a new -alternate signal stack, while the \fIold_ss\fP argument -is used to retrieve information about the currently -established signal stack. -If we are interested in performing just one -of these tasks, then the other argument can be specified as NULL. -.P -The -.I stack_t -type used to type the arguments of this function is defined as follows: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -typedef struct { - void *ss_sp; /* Base address of stack */ - int ss_flags; /* Flags */ - size_t ss_size; /* Number of bytes in stack */ -} stack_t; -.EE -.in -.P -To establish a new alternate signal stack, -the fields of this structure are set as follows: -.TP -.I ss.ss_flags -This field contains either 0, or the following flag: -.RS -.TP -.BR SS_AUTODISARM " (since Linux 4.7)" -.\" commit 2a74213838104a41588d86fd5e8d344972891ace -.\" See tools/testing/selftests/sigaltstack/sas.c in kernel sources -Clear the alternate signal stack settings on entry to the signal handler. -When the signal handler returns, -the previous alternate signal stack settings are restored. -.IP -This flag was added in order to make it safe -to switch away from the signal handler with -.BR swapcontext (3). -Without this flag, a subsequently handled signal will corrupt -the state of the switched-away signal handler. -On kernels where this flag is not supported, -.BR sigaltstack () -fails with the error -.B EINVAL -when this flag is supplied. -.RE -.TP -.I ss.ss_sp -This field specifies the starting address of the stack. -When a signal handler is invoked on the alternate stack, -the kernel automatically aligns the address given in \fIss.ss_sp\fP -to a suitable address boundary for the underlying hardware architecture. -.TP -.I ss.ss_size -This field specifies the size of the stack. -The constant \fBSIGSTKSZ\fP is defined to be large enough -to cover the usual size requirements for an alternate signal stack, -and the constant \fBMINSIGSTKSZ\fP defines the minimum -size required to execute a signal handler. -.P -To disable an existing stack, specify \fIss.ss_flags\fP -as \fBSS_DISABLE\fP. -In this case, the kernel ignores any other flags in -.I ss.ss_flags -and the remaining fields -in \fIss\fP. -.P -If \fIold_ss\fP is not NULL, then it is used to return information about -the alternate signal stack which was in effect prior to the -call to -.BR sigaltstack (). -The \fIold_ss.ss_sp\fP and \fIold_ss.ss_size\fP fields return the starting -address and size of that stack. -The \fIold_ss.ss_flags\fP may return either of the following values: -.TP -.B SS_ONSTACK -The thread is currently executing on the alternate signal stack. -(Note that it is not possible -to change the alternate signal stack if the thread is -currently executing on it.) -.TP -.B SS_DISABLE -The alternate signal stack is currently disabled. -.IP -Alternatively, this value is returned if the thread is currently -executing on an alternate signal stack that was established using the -.B SS_AUTODISARM -flag. -In this case, it is safe to switch away from the signal handler with -.BR swapcontext (3). -It is also possible to set up a different alternative signal stack -using a further call to -.BR sigaltstack (). -.\" FIXME Was it intended that one can set up a different alternative -.\" signal stack in this scenario? (In passing, if one does this, the -.\" sigaltstack(NULL, &old_ss) now returns old_ss.ss_flags==SS_AUTODISARM -.\" rather than old_ss.ss_flags==SS_DISABLE. The API design here seems -.\" confusing... -.TP -.B SS_AUTODISARM -The alternate signal stack has been marked to be autodisarmed -as described above. -.P -By specifying -.I ss -as NULL, and -.I old_ss -as a non-NULL value, one can obtain the current settings for -the alternate signal stack without changing them. -.SH RETURN VALUE -.BR sigaltstack () -returns 0 on success, or \-1 on failure with -\fIerrno\fP set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.TP -.B EFAULT -Either \fIss\fP or \fIold_ss\fP is not NULL and points to an area -outside of the process's address space. -.TP -.B EINVAL -\fIss\fP is not NULL and the \fIss_flags\fP field contains -an invalid flag. -.TP -.B ENOMEM -The specified size of the new alternate signal stack -.I ss.ss_size -was less than -.BR MINSIGSTKSZ . -.TP -.B EPERM -An attempt was made to change the alternate signal stack while -it was active (i.e., the thread was already executing -on the current alternate signal stack). -.SH ATTRIBUTES -For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see -.BR attributes (7). -.TS -allbox; -lbx lb lb -l l l. -Interface Attribute Value -T{ -.na -.nh -.BR sigaltstack () -T} Thread safety MT-Safe -.TE -.SH STANDARDS -POSIX.1-2008. -.P -.B SS_AUTODISARM -is a Linux extension. -.SH HISTORY -POSIX.1-2001, SUSv2, SVr4. -.SH NOTES -The most common usage of an alternate signal stack is to handle the -.B SIGSEGV -signal that is generated if the space available for the -standard stack is exhausted: in this case, a signal handler for -.B SIGSEGV -cannot be invoked on the standard stack; if we wish to handle it, -we must use an alternate signal stack. -.P -Establishing an alternate signal stack is useful if a thread -expects that it may exhaust its standard stack. -This may occur, for example, because the stack grows so large -that it encounters the upwardly growing heap, or it reaches a -limit established by a call to \fB\%setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim)\fP. -If the standard stack is exhausted, the kernel sends -the thread a \fBSIGSEGV\fP signal. -In these circumstances the only way to catch this signal is -on an alternate signal stack. -.P -On most hardware architectures supported by Linux, stacks grow -downward. -.BR sigaltstack () -automatically takes account -of the direction of stack growth. -.P -Functions called from a signal handler executing on an alternate -signal stack will also use the alternate signal stack. -(This also applies to any handlers invoked for other signals while -the thread is executing on the alternate signal stack.) -Unlike the standard stack, the system does not -automatically extend the alternate signal stack. -Exceeding the allocated size of the alternate signal stack will -lead to unpredictable results. -.P -A successful call to -.BR execve (2) -removes any existing alternate -signal stack. -A child process created via -.BR fork (2) -inherits a copy of its parent's alternate signal stack settings. -The same is also true for a child process created using -.BR clone (2), -unless the clone flags include -.B CLONE_VM -and do not include -.BR CLONE_VFORK , -in which case any alternate signal stack that was established in the parent -is disabled in the child process. -.P -.BR sigaltstack () -supersedes the older -.BR sigstack () -call. -For backward compatibility, glibc also provides -.BR sigstack (). -All new applications should be written using -.BR sigaltstack (). -.SS History -4.2BSD had a -.BR sigstack () -system call. -It used a slightly -different struct, and had the major disadvantage that the caller -had to know the direction of stack growth. -.SH BUGS -In Linux 2.2 and earlier, the only flag that could be specified -in -.I ss.sa_flags -was -.BR SS_DISABLE . -In the lead up to the release of the Linux 2.4 kernel, -.\" Linux 2.3.40 -.\" After quite a bit of web and mail archive searching, -.\" I could not find the patch on any mailing list, and I -.\" could find no place where the rationale for this change -.\" explained -- mtk -a change was made to allow -.BR sigaltstack () -to allow -.I ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK -with the same meaning as -.I ss.ss_flags==0 -(i.e., the inclusion of -.B SS_ONSTACK -in -.I ss.ss_flags -is a no-op). -On other implementations, and according to POSIX.1, -.B SS_ONSTACK -appears only as a reported flag in -.IR old_ss.ss_flags . -On Linux, there is no need ever to specify -.B SS_ONSTACK -in -.IR ss.ss_flags , -and indeed doing so should be avoided on portability grounds: -various other systems -.\" See the source code of Illumos and FreeBSD, for example. -give an error if -.B SS_ONSTACK -is specified in -.IR ss.ss_flags . -.SH EXAMPLES -The following code segment demonstrates the use of -.BR sigaltstack () -(and -.BR sigaction (2)) -to install an alternate signal stack that is employed by a handler -for the -.B SIGSEGV -signal: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -stack_t ss; -\& -ss.ss_sp = malloc(SIGSTKSZ); -if (ss.ss_sp == NULL) { - perror("malloc"); - exit(EXIT_FAILURE); -} -\& -ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ; -ss.ss_flags = 0; -if (sigaltstack(&ss, NULL) == \-1) { - perror("sigaltstack"); - exit(EXIT_FAILURE); -} -\& -sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK; -sa.sa_handler = handler(); /* Address of a signal handler */ -sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask); -if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == \-1) { - perror("sigaction"); - exit(EXIT_FAILURE); -} -.EE -.in -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR execve (2), -.BR setrlimit (2), -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR siglongjmp (3), -.BR sigsetjmp (3), -.BR signal (7) |