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-.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
-.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Modified 1995-07-22 by Michael Chastain <mec@duracef.shout.net>
-.\" Modified 1995-07-23 by aeb
-.\" Modified 1996-10-22 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 1998-09-08 by aeb
-.\" Modified 2004-06-17 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\" Modified 2004-10-10 by aeb
-.\" 2004-12-14 mtk, Anand Kumria: added new errors
-.\" 2007-06-22 Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>, mtk
-.\" Update text describing limit on number of swap files.
-.\" 2021-01-17 Alex Baranowski <alex@euro-linux.com>
-.\" Update information about available swap files decreased by
-.\" CONFIG_DEVICE_PRIVATE option.
-.\"
-.\" FIXME Linux 3.11 added SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_ONCE and SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES
-.\" commit dcf6b7ddd7df8965727746f89c59229b23180e5a
-.\" Author: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
-.\" Date: Wed Jul 3 15:02:46 2013 -0700
-.\"
-.TH swapon 2 2023-12-22 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-swapon, swapoff \- start/stop swapping to file/device
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <sys/swap.h>
-.P
-.BI "int swapon(const char *" path ", int " swapflags );
-.BI "int swapoff(const char *" path );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR swapon ()
-sets the swap area to the file or block device specified by
-.IR path .
-.BR swapoff ()
-stops swapping to the file or block device specified by
-.IR path .
-.P
-If the
-.B SWAP_FLAG_PREFER
-flag is specified in the
-.BR swapon ()
-.I swapflags
-argument, the new swap area will have a higher priority than default.
-The priority is encoded within
-.I swapflags
-as:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-.I "(prio << SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT) & SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK"
-.EE
-.in
-.P
-If the
-.B SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD
-flag is specified in the
-.BR swapon ()
-.I swapflags
-argument, freed swap pages will be discarded before they are reused,
-if the swap device supports the discard or trim operation.
-(This may improve performance on some Solid State Devices,
-but often it does not.)
-See also NOTES.
-.P
-These functions may be used only by a privileged process (one having the
-.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
-capability).
-.SS Priority
-Each swap area has a priority, either high or low.
-The default priority is low.
-Within the low-priority areas,
-newer areas are even lower priority than older areas.
-.P
-All priorities set with
-.I swapflags
-are high-priority, higher than default.
-They may have any nonnegative value chosen by the caller.
-Higher numbers mean higher priority.
-.P
-Swap pages are allocated from areas in priority order,
-highest priority first.
-For areas with different priorities,
-a higher-priority area is exhausted before using a lower-priority area.
-If two or more areas have the same priority,
-and it is the highest priority available,
-pages are allocated on a round-robin basis between them.
-.P
-As of Linux 1.3.6, the kernel usually follows these rules,
-but there are exceptions.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success, zero is returned.
-On error, \-1 is returned, and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EBUSY
-(for
-.BR swapon ())
-The specified
-.I path
-is already being used as a swap area.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-The file
-.I path
-exists, but refers neither to a regular file nor to a block device;
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.RB ( swapon ())
-The indicated path does not contain a valid swap signature or
-resides on an in-memory filesystem such as
-.BR tmpfs (5).
-.TP
-.BR EINVAL " (since Linux 3.4)"
-.RB ( swapon ())
-An invalid flag value was specified in
-.IR swapflags .
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.RB ( swapoff ())
-.I path
-is not currently a swap area.
-.TP
-.B ENFILE
-The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached.
-.TP
-.B ENOENT
-The file
-.I path
-does not exist.
-.TP
-.B ENOMEM
-The system has insufficient memory to start swapping.
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-The caller does not have the
-.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
-capability.
-Alternatively, the maximum number of swap files are already in use;
-see NOTES below.
-.SH STANDARDS
-Linux.
-.SH HISTORY
-The
-.I swapflags
-argument was introduced in Linux 1.3.2.
-.SH NOTES
-The partition or path must be prepared with
-.BR mkswap (8).
-.P
-There is an upper limit on the number of swap files that may be used,
-defined by the kernel constant
-.BR MAX_SWAPFILES .
-Before Linux 2.4.10,
-.B MAX_SWAPFILES
-has the value 8;
-since Linux 2.4.10, it has the value 32.
-Since Linux 2.6.18, the limit is decreased by 2 (thus 30),
-since Linux 5.19, the limit is decreased by 3 (thus: 29)
-if the kernel is built with the
-.B CONFIG_MIGRATION
-option
-(which reserves two swap table entries for the page migration features of
-.BR mbind (2)
-and
-.BR migrate_pages (2)).
-Since Linux 2.6.32, the limit is further decreased by 1
-if the kernel is built with the
-.B CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
-option.
-Since Linux 5.14, the limit is further decreased by 4
-if the kernel is built with the
-.B CONFIG_DEVICE_PRIVATE
-option.
-Since Linux 5.19, the limit is further decreased by 1
-if the kernel is built with the
-.B CONFIG_PTE_MARKER
-option.
-.P
-Discard of swap pages was introduced in Linux 2.6.29,
-then made conditional
-on the
-.B SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD
-flag in Linux 2.6.36,
-.\" To be precise: 2.6.35.5
-which still discards the
-entire swap area when
-.BR swapon ()
-is called, even if that flag bit is not set.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR mkswap (8),
-.BR swapoff (8),
-.BR swapon (8)