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| -rw-r--r-- | man2/syscalls.2 | 1168 |
1 files changed, 1168 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/man2/syscalls.2 b/man2/syscalls.2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1011c14 --- /dev/null +++ b/man2/syscalls.2 @@ -0,0 +1,1168 @@ +'\" t +.\" Copyright (C) 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +.\" with some input from Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz> +.\" +.\" Some content retained from an earlier version of this page: +.\" Copyright (C) 1998 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) +.\" Modifications for 2.2 and 2.4 Copyright (C) 2002 Ian Redfern +.\" <redferni@logica.com> +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft +.\" +.TH syscalls 2 2023-07-30 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.SH NAME +syscalls \- Linux system calls +.SH SYNOPSIS +.nf +Linux system calls. +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The system call is the fundamental interface between an application +and the Linux kernel. +.SS System calls and library wrapper functions +System calls are generally not invoked directly, +but rather via wrapper functions in glibc (or perhaps some other library). +For details of direct invocation of a system call, see +.BR intro (2). +Often, but not always, the name of the wrapper function is the same +as the name of the system call that it invokes. +For example, glibc contains a function +.BR chdir () +which invokes the underlying "chdir" system call. +.PP +Often the glibc wrapper function is quite thin, doing little work +other than copying arguments to the right registers +before invoking the system call, +and then setting +.I errno +appropriately after the system call has returned. +(These are the same steps that are performed by +.BR syscall (2), +which can be used to invoke system calls +for which no wrapper function is provided.) +Note: system calls indicate a failure by returning a negative error +number to the caller on architectures without a separate error register/flag, +as noted in +.BR syscall (2); +when this happens, +the wrapper function negates the returned error number +(to make it positive), copies it to +.IR errno , +and returns \-1 to the caller of the wrapper. +.PP +Sometimes, however, the wrapper function does some extra work +before invoking the system call. +For example, nowadays there are (for reasons described below) two +related system calls, +.BR truncate (2) +and +.BR truncate64 (2), +and the glibc +.BR truncate () +wrapper function checks which of those system calls +are provided by the kernel and determines which should be employed. +.SS System call list +Below is a list of the Linux system calls. +In the list, the +.I Kernel +column indicates the kernel version +for those system calls that were new in Linux 2.2, +or have appeared since that kernel version. +Note the following points: +.IP \[bu] 3 +Where no kernel version is indicated, +the system call appeared in Linux 1.0 or earlier. +.IP \[bu] +Where a system call is marked "1.2" +this means the system call probably appeared in a Linux 1.1.x kernel version, +and first appeared in a stable kernel with 1.2. +(Development of the 1.2 kernel was initiated from a branch of kernel +1.0.6 via the 1.1.x unstable kernel series.) +.IP \[bu] +Where a system call is marked "2.0" +this means the system call probably appeared in a Linux 1.3.x kernel version, +and first appeared in a stable kernel with Linux 2.0. +(Development of the Linux 2.0 kernel was initiated from a branch of +Linux 1.2.x, somewhere around Linux 1.2.10, +via the Linux 1.3.x unstable kernel series.) +.\" Was Linux 2.0 started from a branch of Linux 1.2.10? +.\" At least from the timestamps of the tarballs of +.\" of Linux 1.2.10 and Linux 1.3.0, that's how it looks, but in +.\" fact the diff doesn't seem very clear, the +.\" Linux 1.3.0 .tar.bz is much bigger (2.0 MB) than the +.\" Linux 1.2.10 .tar.bz2 (1.8 MB), and AEB points out the +.\" timestamps of some files in Linux 1.3.0 seem to be older +.\" than those in Linux 1.2.10. All of this suggests +.\" that there might not have been a clean branch point. +.IP \[bu] +Where a system call is marked "2.2" +this means the system call probably appeared in a Linux 2.1.x kernel version, +and first appeared in a stable kernel with Linux 2.2.0. +(Development of the Linux 2.2 kernel was initiated from a branch of kernel +Linux 2.0.21 via the Linux 2.1.x unstable kernel series.) +.IP \[bu] +Where a system call is marked "2.4" +this means the system call probably appeared in a Linux 2.3.x kernel version, +and first appeared in a stable kernel with Linux 2.4.0. +(Development of the Linux 2.4 kernel was initiated from a branch of +Linux 2.2.8 via the Linux 2.3.x unstable kernel series.) +.IP \[bu] +Where a system call is marked "2.6" +this means the system call probably appeared in a Linux 2.5.x kernel version, +and first appeared in a stable kernel with Linux 2.6.0. +(Development of Linux 2.6 was initiated from a branch +of Linux 2.4.15 via the Linux 2.5.x unstable kernel series.) +.IP \[bu] +Starting with Linux 2.6.0, the development model changed, +and new system calls may appear in each Linux 2.6.x release. +In this case, the exact version number where the system call appeared +is shown. +This convention continues with the Linux 3.x kernel series, +which followed on from Linux 2.6.39; and the Linux 4.x kernel series, +which followed on from Linux 3.19; and the Linux 5.x kernel series, +which followed on from Linux 4.20. +.IP \[bu] +In some cases, a system call was added to a stable kernel +series after it branched from the previous stable kernel +series, and then backported into the earlier stable kernel series. +For example some system calls that appeared in Linux 2.6.x were also backported +into a Linux 2.4.x release after Linux 2.4.15. +When this is so, the version where the system call appeared +in both of the major kernel series is listed. +.PP +The list of system calls that are available as at Linux 5.14 +(or in a few cases only on older kernels) is as follows: +.\" +.\" Looking at scripts/checksyscalls.sh in the kernel source is +.\" instructive about x86 specifics. +.\" +.TS +l2 le l +--- +l l l. +\fBSystem call\fP \fBKernel\fP \fBNotes\fP + +\fB_llseek\fP(2) 1.2 +\fB_newselect\fP(2) 2.0 +\fB_sysctl\fP(2) 2.0 Removed in 5.5 +\fBaccept\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBaccept4\fP(2) 2.6.28 +\fBaccess\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBacct\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBadd_key\fP(2) 2.6.10 +\fBadjtimex\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBalarm\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBalloc_hugepages\fP(2) 2.5.36 Removed in 2.5.44 +.\" 4adeefe161a74369e44cc8e663f240ece0470dc3 +\fBarc_gettls\fP(2) 3.9 ARC only +\fBarc_settls\fP(2) 3.9 ARC only +.\" 91e040a79df73d371f70792f30380d4e44805250 +\fBarc_usr_cmpxchg\fP(2) 4.9 ARC only +.\" x86: 79170fda313ed5be2394f87aa2a00d597f8ed4a1 +\fBarch_prctl\fP(2) 2.6 T{ +x86_64, x86 since 4.12 +T} +.\" 9674cdc74d63f346870943ef966a034f8c71ee57 +\fBatomic_barrier\fP(2) 2.6.34 m68k only +\fBatomic_cmpxchg_32\fP(2) 2.6.34 m68k only +\fBbdflush\fP(2) 1.2 T{ +Deprecated (does nothing) +since 2.6 +T} +\fBbind\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBbpf\fP(2) 3.18 +\fBbrk\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBbreakpoint\fP(2) 2.2 T{ +ARM OABI only, defined with +\fB__ARM_NR\fP prefix +T} +\fBcacheflush\fP(2) 1.2 Not on x86 +\fBcapget\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBcapset\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBchdir\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBchmod\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBchown\fP(2) 2.2 T{ +See \fBchown\fP(2) for +version details +T} +\fBchown32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBchroot\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBclock_adjtime\fP(2) 2.6.39 +\fBclock_getres\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBclock_gettime\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBclock_nanosleep\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBclock_settime\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBclone2\fP(2) 2.4 IA-64 only +\fBclone\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBclone3\fP(2) 5.3 +\fBclose\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBclose_range\fP(2) 5.9 +.\" .\" dcef1f634657dabe7905af3ccda12cf7f0b6fcc1 +.\" .\" cc20d42986d5807cbe4f5c7c8e3dab2e59ea0db3 +.\" .\" db695c0509d6ec9046ee5e4c520a19fa17d9fce2 +.\" \fBcmpxchg\fP(2) 2.6.12 T{ +.\" ARM, syscall constant never was +.\" exposed to user space, in-kernel +.\" definition had \fB__ARM_NR\fP prefix, +.\" removed in 4.4 +.\" T} +.\" 867e359b97c970a60626d5d76bbe2a8fadbf38fb +.\" bb9d812643d8a121df7d614a2b9c60193a92deb0 +\fBconnect\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBcopy_file_range\fP(2) 4.5 +\fBcreat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBcreate_module\fP(2) 1.0 Removed in 2.6 +\fBdelete_module\fP(2) 1.0 +.\" 1394f03221790a988afc3e4b3cb79f2e477246a9 +.\" 4ba66a9760722ccbb691b8f7116cad2f791cca7b +\fBdup\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBdup2\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBdup3\fP(2) 2.6.27 +\fBepoll_create\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBepoll_create1\fP(2) 2.6.27 +\fBepoll_ctl\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBepoll_pwait\fP(2) 2.6.19 +\fBepoll_pwait2\fP(2) 5.11 +\fBepoll_wait\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBeventfd\fP(2) 2.6.22 +\fBeventfd2\fP(2) 2.6.27 +\fBexecv\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +SPARC/SPARC64 only, for +compatibility with SunOS +T} +\fBexecve\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBexecveat\fP(2) 3.19 +\fBexit\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBexit_group\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBfaccessat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBfaccessat2\fP(2) 5.8 +\fBfadvise64\fP(2) 2.6 +.\" Implements \fBposix_fadvise\fP(2) +\fBfadvise64_64\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBfallocate\fP(2) 2.6.23 +\fBfanotify_init\fP(2) 2.6.37 +\fBfanotify_mark\fP(2) 2.6.37 +.\" The fanotify calls were added in Linux 2.6.36, +.\" but disabled while the API was finalized. +\fBfchdir\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfchmod\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfchmodat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBfchown\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfchown32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBfchownat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBfcntl\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfcntl64\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBfdatasync\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBfgetxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBfinit_module\fP(2) 3.8 +\fBflistxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBflock\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBfork\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfree_hugepages\fP(2) 2.5.36 Removed in 2.5.44 +\fBfremovexattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBfsconfig\fP(2) 5.2 +\fBfsetxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBfsmount\fP(2) 5.2 +\fBfsopen\fP(2) 5.2 +\fBfspick\fP(2) 5.2 +\fBfstat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfstat64\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBfstatat64\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBfstatfs\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBfstatfs64\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBfsync\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBftruncate\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBftruncate64\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBfutex\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBfutimesat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBget_kernel_syms\fP(2) 1.0 Removed in 2.6 +\fBget_mempolicy\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBget_robust_list\fP(2) 2.6.17 +\fBget_thread_area\fP(2) 2.6 +.\" 8fcd6c45f5a65621ec809b7866a3623e9a01d4ed +\fBget_tls\fP(2) 4.15 T{ +ARM OABI only, has +\fB__ARM_NR\fP prefix +T} +\fBgetcpu\fP(2) 2.6.19 +\fBgetcwd\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBgetdents\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBgetdents64\fP(2) 2.4 +.\" parisc: 863722e856e64dae0e252b6bb546737c6c5626ce +\fBgetdomainname\fP(2) 2.2 T{ +SPARC, SPARC64; available +as \fBosf_getdomainname\fP(2) +on Alpha since Linux 2.0 +T} +.\" ec98c6b9b47df6df1c1fa6cf3d427414f8c2cf16 +\fBgetdtablesize\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +SPARC (removed in 2.6.26), +available on Alpha as +\fBosf_getdtablesize\fP(2) +T} +\fBgetegid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetegid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBgeteuid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgeteuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBgetgid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetgid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBgetgroups\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetgroups32\fP(2) 2.4 +.\" SPARC removal: ec98c6b9b47df6df1c1fa6cf3d427414f8c2cf16 +\fBgethostname\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alpha, was available on +SPARC up to Linux 2.6.26 +T} +\fBgetitimer\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetpeername\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBgetpagesize\fP(2) 2.0 Not on x86 +\fBgetpgid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetpgrp\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetpid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetppid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetpriority\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetrandom\fP(2) 3.17 +\fBgetresgid\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBgetresgid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBgetresuid\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBgetresuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBgetrlimit\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetrusage\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetsid\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBgetsockname\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBgetsockopt\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBgettid\fP(2) 2.4.11 +\fBgettimeofday\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetuid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBgetuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBgetunwind\fP(2) 2.4.8 T{ +IA-64 only; deprecated +T} +\fBgetxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBgetxgid\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alpha only; see NOTES +T} +\fBgetxpid\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alpha only; see NOTES +T} +\fBgetxuid\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alpha only; see NOTES +T} +\fBinit_module\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBinotify_add_watch\fP(2) 2.6.13 +\fBinotify_init\fP(2) 2.6.13 +\fBinotify_init1\fP(2) 2.6.27 +\fBinotify_rm_watch\fP(2) 2.6.13 +\fBio_cancel\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBio_destroy\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBio_getevents\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBio_pgetevents\fP(2) 4.18 +\fBio_setup\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBio_submit\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBio_uring_enter\fP(2) 5.1 +\fBio_uring_register\fP(2) 5.1 +\fBio_uring_setup\fP(2) 5.1 +\fBioctl\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBioperm\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBiopl\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBioprio_get\fP(2) 2.6.13 +\fBioprio_set\fP(2) 2.6.13 +\fBipc\fP(2) 1.0 +.\" Implements System V IPC calls +\fBkcmp\fP(2) 3.5 +\fBkern_features\fP(2) 3.7 SPARC64 only +.\" FIXME . document kern_features(): +.\" commit 517ffce4e1a03aea979fe3a18a3dd1761a24fafb +\fBkexec_file_load\fP(2) 3.17 +\fBkexec_load\fP(2) 2.6.13 +.\" The entry in the syscall table was reserved starting in 2.6.7 +.\" Was named sys_kexec_load() from 2.6.7 to 2.6.16 +\fBkeyctl\fP(2) 2.6.10 +\fBkill\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBlandlock_add_rule\fP(2) 5.13 +\fBlandlock_create_ruleset\fP(2) 5.13 +\fBlandlock_restrict_self\fP(2) 5.13 +\fBlchown\fP(2) 1.0 T{ +See \fBchown\fP(2) for +version details +T} +\fBlchown32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBlgetxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBlink\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBlinkat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBlisten\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBlistxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBllistxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBlookup_dcookie\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBlremovexattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBlseek\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBlsetxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBlstat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBlstat64\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBmadvise\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBmbind\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBmemory_ordering\fP(2) 2.2 SPARC64 only +.\" 26025bbfbba33a9425be1b89eccb4664ea4c17b6 +.\" bb6fb6dfcc17cddac11ac295861f7608194447a7 +\fBmembarrier\fP(2) 3.17 +\fBmemfd_create\fP(2) 3.17 +\fBmemfd_secret\fP(2) 5.14 +\fBmigrate_pages\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBmincore\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBmkdir\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBmkdirat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBmknod\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBmknodat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBmlock\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBmlock2\fP(2) 4.4 +\fBmlockall\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBmmap\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBmmap2\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBmodify_ldt\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBmount\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBmove_mount\fP(2) 5.2 +\fBmove_pages\fP(2) 2.6.18 +\fBmprotect\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBmq_getsetattr\fP(2) 2.6.6 +.\" Implements \fBmq_getattr\fP(3) and \fBmq_setattr\fP(3) +\fBmq_notify\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBmq_open\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBmq_timedreceive\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBmq_timedsend\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBmq_unlink\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBmremap\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBmsgctl\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBmsgget\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBmsgrcv\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBmsgsnd\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBmsync\fP(2) 2.0 +.\" \fBmultiplexer\fP(2) ?? __NR_multiplexer reserved on +.\" PowerPC, but unimplemented? +\fBmunlock\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBmunlockall\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBmunmap\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBname_to_handle_at\fP(2) 2.6.39 +\fBnanosleep\fP(2) 2.0 +.\" 5590ff0d5528b60153c0b4e7b771472b5a95e297 +\fBnewfstatat\fP(2) 2.6.16 See \fBstat\fP(2) +\fBnfsservctl\fP(2) 2.2 Removed in 3.1 +\fBnice\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBold_adjtimex\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alpha only; see NOTES +T} +\fBold_getrlimit\fP(2) 2.4 T{ +Old variant of \fBgetrlimit\fP(2) +that used a different value +for \fBRLIM_INFINITY\fP +T} +\fBoldfstat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBoldlstat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBoldolduname\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBoldstat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBoldumount\fP(2) 2.4.116 T{ +Name of the old \fBumount\fP(2) +syscall on Alpha +T} +\fBolduname\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBopen\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBopen_by_handle_at\fP(2) 2.6.39 +\fBopen_tree\fP(2) 5.2 +\fBopenat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBopenat2\fP(2) 5.6 +.\" 9d02a4283e9ce4e9ca11ff00615bdacdb0515a1a +\fBor1k_atomic\fP(2) 3.1 T{ +OpenRISC 1000 only +T} +\fBpause\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBpciconfig_iobase\fP(2) 2.2.15; 2.4 Not on x86 +.\" Alpha, PowerPC, ARM; not x86 +\fBpciconfig_read\fP(2) 2.0.26; 2.2 Not on x86 +.\" , PowerPC, ARM; not x86 +\fBpciconfig_write\fP(2) 2.0.26; 2.2 Not on x86 +.\" , PowerPC, ARM; not x86 +\fBperf_event_open\fP(2) 2.6.31 T{ +Was perf_counter_open() in +2.6.31; renamed in 2.6.32 +T} +\fBpersonality\fP(2) 1.2 +\fBperfctr\fP(2) 2.2 T{ +SPARC only; removed in 2.6.34 +T} +.\" commit c7d5a0050773e98d1094eaa9f2a1a793fafac300 removed perfctr() +\fBperfmonctl\fP(2) 2.4 IA-64 only; removed in 5.10 +\fBpidfd_getfd\fP(2) 5.6 +\fBpidfd_send_signal\fP(2) 5.1 +\fBpidfd_open\fP(2) 5.3 +\fBpipe\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBpipe2\fP(2) 2.6.27 +\fBpivot_root\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBpkey_alloc\fP(2) 4.8 +\fBpkey_free\fP(2) 4.8 +\fBpkey_mprotect\fP(2) 4.8 +\fBpoll\fP(2) 2.0.36; 2.2 +\fBppoll\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBprctl\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBpread64\fP(2) T{ +Added as "pread" in 2.2; +renamed "pread64" in 2.6 +T} +\fBpreadv\fP(2) 2.6.30 +\fBpreadv2\fP(2) 4.6 +\fBprlimit64\fP(2) 2.6.36 +\fBprocess_madvise\fP(2) 5.10 +\fBprocess_vm_readv\fP(2) 3.2 +\fBprocess_vm_writev\fP(2) 3.2 +\fBpselect6\fP(2) 2.6.16 +.\" Implements \fBpselect\fP(2) +\fBptrace\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBpwrite64\fP(2) T{ +Added as "pwrite" in 2.2; +renamed "pwrite64" in 2.6 +T} +\fBpwritev\fP(2) 2.6.30 +\fBpwritev2\fP(2) 4.6 +\fBquery_module\fP(2) 2.2 Removed in 2.6 +\fBquotactl\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBquotactl_fd\fP(2) 5.14 +\fBread\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBreadahead\fP(2) 2.4.13 +\fBreaddir\fP(2) 1.0 +.\" Supersedes \fBgetdents\fP(2) +\fBreadlink\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBreadlinkat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBreadv\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBreboot\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBrecv\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBrecvfrom\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBrecvmsg\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBrecvmmsg\fP(2) 2.6.33 +\fBremap_file_pages\fP(2) 2.6 T{ +Deprecated since 3.16 +T} +\fBremovexattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBrename\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBrenameat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBrenameat2\fP(2) 3.15 +\fBrequest_key\fP(2) 2.6.10 +\fBrestart_syscall\fP(2) 2.6 +.\" 921ebd8f2c081b3cf6c3b29ef4103eef3ff26054 +\fBriscv_flush_icache\fP(2) 4.15 RISC-V only +\fBrmdir\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBrseq\fP(2) 4.18 +\fBrt_sigaction\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_sigpending\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_sigprocmask\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_sigqueueinfo\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_sigreturn\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_sigsuspend\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_sigtimedwait\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBrt_tgsigqueueinfo\fP(2) 2.6.31 +\fBrtas\fP(2) 2.6.2 T{ +PowerPC/PowerPC64 only +T} +\fBs390_runtime_instr\fP(2) 3.7 s390 only +\fBs390_pci_mmio_read\fP(2) 3.19 s390 only +\fBs390_pci_mmio_write\fP(2) 3.19 s390 only +\fBs390_sthyi\fP(2) 4.15 s390 only +\fBs390_guarded_storage\fP(2) 4.12 s390 only +\fBsched_get_affinity\fP(2) 2.6 T{ +Name of +.BR \%sched_getaffinity (2) +on SPARC and SPARC64 +T} +\fBsched_get_priority_max\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_get_priority_min\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_getaffinity\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBsched_getattr\fP(2) 3.14 +\fBsched_getparam\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_getscheduler\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_rr_get_interval\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_set_affinity\fP(2) 2.6 T{ +Name of +.BR \%sched_setaffinity (2) +on SPARC and SPARC64 +T} +\fBsched_setaffinity\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBsched_setattr\fP(2) 3.14 +\fBsched_setparam\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_setscheduler\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBsched_yield\fP(2) 2.0 +\fBseccomp\fP(2) 3.17 +\fBselect\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsemctl\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBsemget\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBsemop\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBsemtimedop\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.22 +\fBsend\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBsendfile\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBsendfile64\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.19 +\fBsendmmsg\fP(2) 3.0 +\fBsendmsg\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBsendto\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBset_mempolicy\fP(2) 2.6.6 +\fBset_robust_list\fP(2) 2.6.17 +\fBset_thread_area\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBset_tid_address\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBset_tls\fP(2) 2.6.11 T{ +ARM OABI/EABI only (constant +has \fB__ARM_NR\fP prefix) +T} +.\" \fBsetaltroot\fP(2) 2.6.10 T{ +.\" Removed in 2.6.11, exposed one +.\" of implementation details of +.\" \fBpersonality\fP(2) (creating an +.\" alternative root, precursor of +.\" mount namespaces) to user space. +.\" T} +.\" See http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/8/1/83 +.\" "[PATCH] remove sys_set_zone_reclaim()" +\fBsetdomainname\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetfsgid\fP(2) 1.2 +\fBsetfsgid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetfsuid\fP(2) 1.2 +\fBsetfsuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetgid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetgid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetgroups\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetgroups32\fP(2) 2.4 +.\" arch/alpha/include/asm/core_lca.h +\fBsethae\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alpha only; see NOTES +T} +\fBsethostname\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetitimer\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetns\fP(2) 3.0 +\fBsetpgid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetpgrp\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +Alternative name for +\fBsetpgid\fP(2) on Alpha +T} +\fBsetpriority\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetregid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetregid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetresgid\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBsetresgid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetresuid\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBsetresuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetreuid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetreuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetrlimit\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetsid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetsockopt\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBsettimeofday\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetuid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsetuid32\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBsetup\fP(2) 1.0 Removed in 2.2 +\fBsetxattr\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.18 +\fBsgetmask\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBshmat\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBshmctl\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBshmdt\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBshmget\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBipc\fP(2) +T} +\fBshutdown\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBsigaction\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsigaltstack\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBsignal\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsignalfd\fP(2) 2.6.22 +\fBsignalfd4\fP(2) 2.6.27 +\fBsigpending\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsigprocmask\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsigreturn\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsigsuspend\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsocket\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +\fBsocketcall\fP(2) 1.0 +.\" Implements BSD socket calls +\fBsocketpair\fP(2) 2.0 T{ +See notes on \fBsocketcall\fP(2) +T} +.\" 5a0015d62668e64c8b6e02e360fbbea121bfd5e6 +\fBspill\fP(2) 2.6.13 Xtensa only +\fBsplice\fP(2) 2.6.17 +\fBspu_create\fP(2) 2.6.16 T{ +PowerPC/PowerPC64 only +T} +\fBspu_run\fP(2) 2.6.16 T{ +PowerPC/PowerPC64 only +T} +\fBssetmask\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBstat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBstat64\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBstatfs\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBstatfs64\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBstatx\fP(2) 4.11 +\fBstime\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsubpage_prot\fP(2) 2.6.25 T{ +PowerPC/PowerPC64 only +T} +\fBswapcontext\fP(2) 2.6.3 T{ +PowerPC/PowerPC64 only +T} +.\" 529d235a0e190ded1d21ccc80a73e625ebcad09b +\fBswitch_endian\fP(2) 4.1 PowerPC64 only +\fBswapoff\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBswapon\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsymlink\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsymlinkat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBsync\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsync_file_range\fP(2) 2.6.17 +\fBsync_file_range2\fP(2) 2.6.22 +.\" PowerPC, ARM, tile +.\" First appeared on ARM, as arm_sync_file_range(), but later renamed +.\" \fBsys_debug_setcontext\fP(2) ??? PowerPC if CONFIG_PPC32 +\fBsyncfs\fP(2) 2.6.39 +\fBsys_debug_setcontext\fP(2) 2.6.11 PowerPC only +\fBsyscall\fP(2) 1.0 T{ +Still available on ARM OABI +and MIPS O32 ABI +T} +\fBsysfs\fP(2) 1.2 +\fBsysinfo\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBsyslog\fP(2) 1.0 +.\" glibc interface is \fBklogctl\fP(3) +\fBsysmips\fP(2) 2.6.0 MIPS only +\fBtee\fP(2) 2.6.17 +\fBtgkill\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBtime\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBtimer_create\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBtimer_delete\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBtimer_getoverrun\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBtimer_gettime\fP(2) 2.6 +\fBtimer_settime\fP(2) 2.6 +.\" .\" b215e283992899650c4271e7385c79e26fb9a88e +.\" .\" 4d672e7ac79b5ec5cdc90e450823441e20464691 +.\" \fBtimerfd\fP(2) 2.6.22 T{ +.\" Old timerfd interface, +.\" removed in 2.6.25 +.\" T} +\fBtimerfd_create\fP(2) 2.6.25 +\fBtimerfd_gettime\fP(2) 2.6.25 +\fBtimerfd_settime\fP(2) 2.6.25 +\fBtimes\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBtkill\fP(2) 2.6; 2.4.22 +\fBtruncate\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBtruncate64\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBugetrlimit\fP(2) 2.4 +\fBumask\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBumount\fP(2) 1.0 +.\" sys_oldumount() -- __NR_umount +\fBumount2\fP(2) 2.2 +.\" sys_umount() -- __NR_umount2 +\fBuname\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBunlink\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBunlinkat\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBunshare\fP(2) 2.6.16 +\fBuselib\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBustat\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBuserfaultfd\fP(2) 4.3 +\fBusr26\fP(2) 2.4.8.1 ARM OABI only +\fBusr32\fP(2) 2.4.8.1 ARM OABI only +\fButime\fP(2) 1.0 +\fButimensat\fP(2) 2.6.22 +\fButimes\fP(2) 2.2 +\fButrap_install\fP(2) 2.2 SPARC64 only +.\" FIXME . document utrap_install() +.\" There's a man page for Solaris 5.11 +\fBvfork\fP(2) 2.2 +\fBvhangup\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBvm86old\fP(2) 1.0 T{ +Was "vm86"; renamed in +2.0.28/2.2 +T} +\fBvm86\fP(2) 2.0.28; 2.2 +\fBvmsplice\fP(2) 2.6.17 +\fBwait4\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBwaitid\fP(2) 2.6.10 +\fBwaitpid\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBwrite\fP(2) 1.0 +\fBwritev\fP(2) 2.0 +.\" 5a0015d62668e64c8b6e02e360fbbea121bfd5e6 +\fBxtensa\fP(2) 2.6.13 Xtensa only +.TE +.PP +On many platforms, including x86-32, socket calls are all multiplexed +(via glibc wrapper functions) through +.BR socketcall (2) +and similarly System\ V IPC calls are multiplexed through +.BR ipc (2). +.PP +Although slots are reserved for them in the system call table, +the following system calls are not implemented in the standard kernel: +.BR afs_syscall (2), \" __NR_afs_syscall is 53 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR break (2), \" __NR_break is 17 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR ftime (2), \" __NR_ftime is 35 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR getpmsg (2), \" __NR_getpmsg is 188 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR gtty (2), \" __NR_gtty is 32 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR idle (2), \" __NR_idle is 112 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR lock (2), \" __NR_lock is 53 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR madvise1 (2), \" __NR_madvise1 is 219 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR mpx (2), \" __NR_mpx is 66 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR phys (2), \" Slot has been reused +.BR prof (2), \" __NR_prof is 44 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR profil (2), \" __NR_profil is 98 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR putpmsg (2), \" __NR_putpmsg is 189 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.\" __NR_security is 223 on Linux 2.4/i386; absent on 2.6/i386, present +.\" on a couple of 2.6 architectures +.BR security (2), \" __NR_security is 223 on Linux 2.4/i386 +.\" The security call is for future use. +.BR stty (2), \" __NR_stty is 31 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +.BR tuxcall (2), \" __NR_tuxcall is 184 on x86_64, also on PPC and alpha +.BR ulimit (2), \" __NR_ulimit is 58 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +and +.BR vserver (2) \" __NR_vserver is 273 on Linux 2.6.22/i386 +(see also +.BR unimplemented (2)). +However, +.BR ftime (3), +.BR profil (3), +and +.BR ulimit (3) +exist as library routines. +The slot for +.BR phys (2) +is in use since Linux 2.1.116 for +.BR umount (2); +.BR phys (2) +will never be implemented. +The +.BR getpmsg (2) +and +.BR putpmsg (2) +calls are for kernels patched to support STREAMS, +and may never be in the standard kernel. +.PP +There was briefly +.BR set_zone_reclaim (2), +added in Linux 2.6.13, and removed in Linux 2.6.16; +this system call was never available to user space. +.\" +.SS System calls on removed ports +Some system calls only ever existed on Linux architectures that have +since been removed from the kernel: +.TP +AVR32 (port removed in Linux 4.12) +.RS +.PD 0 +.IP \[bu] 3 +.BR pread (2) +.IP \[bu] +.BR pwrite (2) +.PD +.RE +.TP +Blackfin (port removed in Linux 4.17) +.RS +.PD 0 +.IP \[bu] 3 +.BR bfin_spinlock (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.22) +.IP \[bu] +.BR dma_memcpy (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.22) +.IP \[bu] +.BR pread (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.22) +.IP \[bu] +.BR pwrite (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.22) +.IP \[bu] +.BR sram_alloc (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.22) +.IP \[bu] +.BR sram_free (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.22) +.PD +.RE +.TP +Metag (port removed in Linux 4.17) +.RS +.PD 0 +.IP \[bu] 3 +.BR metag_get_tls (2) +(add in Linux 3.9) +.IP \[bu] +.BR metag_set_fpu_flags (2) +(add in Linux 3.9) +.IP \[bu] +.BR metag_set_tls (2) +(add in Linux 3.9) +.IP \[bu] +.BR metag_setglobalbit (2) +(add in Linux 3.9) +.PD +.RE +.TP +Tile (port removed in Linux 4.17) +.RS +.PD 0 +.IP \[bu] 3 +.BR cmpxchg_badaddr (2) +(added in Linux 2.6.36) +.PD +.RE +.SH NOTES +Roughly speaking, the code belonging to the system call +with number __NR_xxx defined in +.I /usr/include/asm/unistd.h +can be found in the Linux kernel source in the routine +.IR sys_xxx (). +There are many exceptions, however, mostly because +older system calls were superseded by newer ones, +and this has been treated somewhat unsystematically. +On platforms with +proprietary operating-system emulation, +such as sparc, sparc64, and alpha, +there are many additional system calls; mips64 also contains a full +set of 32-bit system calls. +.PP +Over time, changes to the interfaces of some system calls have been +necessary. +One reason for such changes was the need to increase the size of +structures or scalar values passed to the system call. +Because of these changes, certain architectures +(notably, longstanding 32-bit architectures such as i386) +now have various groups of related system calls (e.g., +.BR truncate (2) +and +.BR truncate64 (2)) +which perform similar tasks, but which vary in +details such as the size of their arguments. +(As noted earlier, applications are generally unaware of this: +the glibc wrapper functions do some work to ensure that the right +system call is invoked, and that ABI compatibility is +preserved for old binaries.) +Examples of systems calls that exist in multiple versions are +the following: +.IP \[bu] 3 +By now there are three different versions of +.BR stat (2): +.IR sys_stat () +(slot +.IR __NR_oldstat ), +.IR sys_newstat () +(slot +.IR __NR_stat ), +and +.IR sys_stat64 () +(slot +.IR __NR_stat64 ), +with the last being the most current. +.\" e.g., on 2.6.22/i386: __NR_oldstat 18, __NR_stat 106, __NR_stat64 195 +.\" The stat system calls deal with three different data structures, +.\" defined in include/asm-i386/stat.h: __old_kernel_stat, stat, stat64 +A similar story applies for +.BR lstat (2) +and +.BR fstat (2). +.IP \[bu] +Similarly, the defines +.IR __NR_oldolduname , +.IR __NR_olduname , +and +.I __NR_uname +refer to the routines +.IR sys_olduname (), +.IR sys_uname (), +and +.IR sys_newuname (). +.IP \[bu] +In Linux 2.0, a new version of +.BR vm86 (2) +appeared, with the old and the new kernel routines being named +.IR sys_vm86old () +and +.IR sys_vm86 (). +.IP \[bu] +In Linux 2.4, a new version of +.BR getrlimit (2) +appeared, with the old and the new kernel routines being named +.IR sys_old_getrlimit () +(slot +.IR __NR_getrlimit ) +and +.IR sys_getrlimit () +(slot +.IR __NR_ugetrlimit ). +.IP \[bu] +Linux 2.4 increased the size of user and group IDs from 16 to 32 bits. +.\" 64-bit off_t changes: ftruncate64, *stat64, +.\" fcntl64 (because of the flock structure), getdents64, *statfs64 +To support this change, a range of system calls were added +(e.g., +.BR chown32 (2), +.BR getuid32 (2), +.BR getgroups32 (2), +.BR setresuid32 (2)), +superseding earlier calls of the same name without the +"32" suffix. +.IP \[bu] +Linux 2.4 added support for applications on 32-bit architectures +to access large files (i.e., files for which the sizes and +file offsets can't be represented in 32 bits.) +To support this change, replacements were required for system calls +that deal with file offsets and sizes. +Thus the following system calls were added: +.BR fcntl64 (2), +.BR getdents64 (2), +.BR stat64 (2), +.BR statfs64 (2), +.BR truncate64 (2), +and their analogs that work with file descriptors or +symbolic links. +These system calls supersede the older system calls +which, except in the case of the "stat" calls, +have the same name without the "64" suffix. +.IP +On newer platforms that only have 64-bit file access and 32-bit UIDs/GIDs +(e.g., alpha, ia64, s390x, x86-64), there is just a single version of +the UID/GID and file access system calls. +On platforms (typically, 32-bit platforms) where the *64 and *32 calls exist, +the other versions are obsolete. +.IP \[bu] +The +.I rt_sig* +calls were added in Linux 2.2 to support the addition +of real-time signals (see +.BR signal (7)). +These system calls supersede the older system calls of the same +name without the "rt_" prefix. +.IP \[bu] +The +.BR select (2) +and +.BR mmap (2) +system calls use five or more arguments, +which caused problems in the way +argument passing on the i386 used to be set up. +Thus, while other architectures have +.IR sys_select () +and +.IR sys_mmap () +corresponding to +.I __NR_select +and +.IR __NR_mmap , +on i386 one finds +.IR old_select () +and +.IR old_mmap () +(routines that use a pointer to an +argument block) instead. +These days passing five arguments +is not a problem any more, and there is a +.I __NR__newselect +.\" (used by libc 6) +that corresponds directly to +.IR sys_select () +and similarly +.IR __NR_mmap2 . +s390x is the only 64-bit architecture that has +.IR old_mmap (). +.\" .PP +.\" Two system call numbers, +.\" .IR __NR__llseek +.\" and +.\" .IR __NR__sysctl +.\" have an additional underscore absent in +.\" .IR sys_llseek () +.\" and +.\" .IR sys_sysctl (). +.\" +.\" In Linux 2.1.81, +.\" .BR lchown (2) +.\" and +.\" .BR chown (2) +.\" were swapped; that is, +.\" .BR lchown (2) +.\" was added with the semantics that were then current for +.\" .BR chown (2), +.\" and the semantics of the latter call were changed to what +.\" they are today. +.\" +.\" +.SS "Architecture-specific details: Alpha" +.TP +.BR getxgid (2) +returns a pair of GID and effective GID via registers +\fBr0\fP and \fBr20\fP; it is provided +instead of +\fBgetgid\fP(2) and \fBgetegid\fP(2). +.TP +.BR getxpid (2) +returns a pair of PID and parent PID via registers +\fBr0\fP and \fBr20\fP; it is provided instead of +\fBgetpid\fP(2) and \fBgetppid\fP(2). +.TP +.BR old_adjtimex (2) +is a variant of \fBadjtimex\fP(2) that uses \fIstruct timeval32\fP, +for compatibility with OSF/1. +.TP +.BR getxuid (2) +returns a pair of GID and effective GID via registers +\fBr0\fP and \fBr20\fP; it is provided instead of +\fBgetuid\fP(2) and \fBgeteuid\fP(2). +.TP +.BR sethae (2) +is used for configuring the Host Address Extension register on +low-cost Alphas in order to access address space beyond first 27 bits. +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR ausyscall (1), +.BR intro (2), +.BR syscall (2), +.BR unimplemented (2), +.BR errno (3), +.BR libc (7), +.BR vdso (7) |