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-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 2006 Jens Axboe
-.\" and Copyright (C) 2006 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH vmsplice 2 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-vmsplice \- splice user pages to/from a pipe
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" "         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
-.B #include <fcntl.h>
-.P
-.BI "ssize_t vmsplice(int " fd ", const struct iovec *" iov ,
-.BI "                 size_t " nr_segs ", unsigned int " flags );
-.fi
-.\" Return type was long before glibc 2.7
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.\" Linus: vmsplice() system call to basically do a "write to
-.\" the buffer", but using the reference counting and VM traversal
-.\" to actually fill the buffer. This means that the user needs to
-.\" be careful not to reuse the user-space buffer it spliced into
-.\" the kernel-space one (contrast this to "write()", which copies
-.\" the actual data, and you can thus reuse the buffer immediately
-.\" after a successful write), but that is often easy to do.
-If
-.I fd
-is opened for writing, the
-.BR vmsplice ()
-system call maps
-.I nr_segs
-ranges of user memory described by
-.I iov
-into a pipe.
-If
-.I fd
-is opened for reading,
-.\" Since Linux 2.6.23
-.\" commit 6a14b90bb6bc7cd83e2a444bf457a2ea645cbfe7
-the
-.BR vmsplice ()
-system call fills
-.I nr_segs
-ranges of user memory described by
-.I iov
-from a pipe.
-The file descriptor
-.I fd
-must refer to a pipe.
-.P
-The pointer
-.I iov
-points to an array of
-.I iovec
-structures as described in
-.BR iovec (3type).
-.P
-The
-.I flags
-argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together
-zero or more of the following values:
-.TP
-.B SPLICE_F_MOVE
-Unused for
-.BR vmsplice ();
-see
-.BR splice (2).
-.TP
-.B SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK
-.\" Not used for vmsplice
-.\" May be in the future -- therefore EAGAIN
-Do not block on I/O; see
-.BR splice (2)
-for further details.
-.TP
-.B SPLICE_F_MORE
-Currently has no effect for
-.BR vmsplice (),
-but may be implemented in the future; see
-.BR splice (2).
-.TP
-.B SPLICE_F_GIFT
-The user pages are a gift to the kernel.
-The application may not modify this memory ever,
-.\" FIXME . Explain the following line in a little more detail:
-otherwise the page cache and on-disk data may differ.
-Gifting pages to the kernel means that a subsequent
-.BR splice (2)
-.B SPLICE_F_MOVE
-can successfully move the pages;
-if this flag is not specified, then a subsequent
-.BR splice (2)
-.B SPLICE_F_MOVE
-must copy the pages.
-Data must also be properly page aligned, both in memory and length.
-.\" FIXME
-.\" It looks like the page-alignment requirement went away with
-.\" commit bd1a68b59c8e3bce45fb76632c64e1e063c3962d
-.\"
-.\" .... if we expect to later SPLICE_F_MOVE to the cache.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-Upon successful completion,
-.BR vmsplice ()
-returns the number of bytes transferred to the pipe.
-On error,
-.BR vmsplice ()
-returns \-1 and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EAGAIN
-.B SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK
-was specified in
-.IR flags ,
-and the operation would block.
-.TP
-.B EBADF
-.I fd
-either not valid, or doesn't refer to a pipe.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.I nr_segs
-is greater than
-.BR IOV_MAX ;
-or memory not aligned if
-.B SPLICE_F_GIFT
-set.
-.TP
-.B ENOMEM
-Out of memory.
-.SH STANDARDS
-Linux.
-.SH HISTORY
-Linux 2.6.17,
-glibc 2.5.
-.SH NOTES
-.BR vmsplice ()
-follows the other vectorized read/write type functions when it comes to
-limitations on the number of segments being passed in.
-This limit is
-.B IOV_MAX
-as defined in
-.IR <limits.h> .
-Currently,
-.\" UIO_MAXIOV in kernel source
-this limit is 1024.
-.P
-.\" commit 6a14b90bb6bc7cd83e2a444bf457a2ea645cbfe7
-.BR vmsplice ()
-really supports true splicing only from user memory to a pipe.
-In the opposite direction, it actually just copies the data to user space.
-But this makes the interface nice and symmetric and enables people to build on
-.BR vmsplice ()
-with room for future improvement in performance.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR splice (2),
-.BR tee (2),
-.BR pipe (7)