diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'man3/printf.3')
| -rw-r--r-- | man3/printf.3 | 107 |
1 files changed, 53 insertions, 54 deletions
diff --git a/man3/printf.3 b/man3/printf.3 index edd6ba8..205bf9b 100644 --- a/man3/printf.3 +++ b/man3/printf.3 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ .\" 2000-07-26 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - three small fixes .\" 2000-10-16 jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk - more fixes .\" -.TH printf 3 2023-07-20 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.TH printf 3 2024-03-16 "Linux man-pages 6.7" .SH NAME printf, fprintf, dprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vdprintf, vsprintf, vsnprintf \- formatted output conversion @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Standard C library .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include <stdio.h> -.PP +.P .BI "int printf(const char *restrict " format ", ...);" .BI "int fprintf(FILE *restrict " stream , .BI " const char *restrict " format ", ...);" @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Standard C library .BI " const char *restrict " format ", ...);" .BI "int snprintf(char " str "[restrict ." size "], size_t " size , .BI " const char *restrict " format ", ...);" -.PP +.P .BI "int vprintf(const char *restrict " format ", va_list " ap ); .BI "int vfprintf(FILE *restrict " stream , .BI " const char *restrict " format ", va_list " ap ); @@ -44,19 +44,19 @@ Standard C library .BI "int vsnprintf(char " str "[restrict ." size "], size_t " size , .BI " const char *restrict " format ", va_list " ap ); .fi -.PP +.P .RS -4 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see .BR feature_test_macros (7)): .RE -.PP +.P .BR snprintf (), .BR vsnprintf (): .nf _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 || _ISOC99_SOURCE || /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE .fi -.PP +.P .BR dprintf (), .BR vdprintf (): .nf @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ and .BR vsnprintf () write to the character string .IR str . -.PP +.P The function .BR dprintf () is the same as @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ except that it outputs to a file descriptor, instead of to a .BR stdio (3) stream. -.PP +.P The functions .BR snprintf () and @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ write at most .I size bytes (including the terminating null byte (\[aq]\e0\[aq])) to .IR str . -.PP +.P The functions .BR vprintf (), .BR vfprintf (), @@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ macro, the value of is undefined after the call. See .BR stdarg (3). -.PP +.P All of these functions write the output under the control of a .I format string that specifies how subsequent arguments (or arguments accessed via the variable-length argument facilities of .BR stdarg (3)) are converted for output. -.PP +.P C99 and POSIX.1-2001 specify that the results are undefined if a call to .BR sprintf (), .BR snprintf (), @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ or would cause copying to take place between objects that overlap (e.g., if the target string array and one of the supplied input arguments refer to the same buffer). -See NOTES. +See CAVEATS. .SS Format of the format string The format string is a character string, beginning and ending in its initial shift state, if any. @@ -175,15 +175,15 @@ an optional .I precision and an optional .IR "length modifier" . -.PP +.P The overall syntax of a conversion specification is: -.PP +.P .in +4n .nf %[$][flags][width][.precision][length modifier]conversion .fi .in -.PP +.P The arguments must correspond properly (after type promotion) with the conversion specifier. By default, the arguments are used in the order @@ -200,21 +200,21 @@ where the decimal integer \fIm\fP denotes the position in the argument list of the desired argument, indexed starting from 1. Thus, -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX printf("%*d", width, num); .EE .in -.PP +.P and -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX printf("%2$*1$d", width, num); .EE .in -.PP +.P are equivalent. The second style allows repeated references to the same argument. @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ There may be no gaps in the numbers of arguments specified using \[aq]$\[aq]; for example, if arguments 1 and 3 are specified, argument 2 must also be specified somewhere in the format string. -.PP +.P For some numeric conversions a radix character ("decimal point") or thousands' grouping character is used. The actual character used @@ -240,13 +240,13 @@ part of the locale. The POSIX locale uses \[aq].\[aq] as radix character, and does not have a grouping character. Thus, -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX printf("%\[aq].2f", 1234567.89); .EE .in -.PP +.P results in "1234567.89" in the POSIX locale, in "1234567,89" in the nl_NL locale, and in "1.234.567,89" in the da_DK locale. .SS Flag characters @@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ By default, a sign is used only for negative numbers. A .B + overrides a space if both are used. -.PP +.P The five flag characters above are defined in the C99 standard. The Single UNIX Specification specifies one further flag character. .TP @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ whose locale information indicates no thousands' grouping character. Therefore, without a prior call to .BR setlocale (3), no thousands' grouping characters will be printed. -.PP +.P glibc 2.2 adds one further flag character. .TP .B I @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ argument, or a following conversion corresponds to a pointer to a .I ptrdiff_t argument. -.PP +.P SUSv3 specifies all of the above, except for those modifiers explicitly noted as being nonstandard extensions. SUSv2 specified only the length modifiers @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ and .BR Lf , .BR Lg , .BR LG ). -.PP +.P As a nonstandard extension, the GNU implementations treats .B ll and @@ -875,9 +875,9 @@ No argument is converted. The complete conversion specification is \[aq]%%\[aq]. .SH RETURN VALUE -Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters +Upon successful return, these functions return the number of bytes printed (excluding the null byte used to end output to strings). -.PP +.P The functions .BR snprintf () and @@ -892,8 +892,8 @@ had been available. Thus, a return value of .I size or more means that the output was truncated. -(See also below under NOTES.) -.PP +(See also below under CAVEATS.) +.P If an output error is encountered, a negative value is returned. .SH ATTRIBUTES For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see @@ -916,7 +916,6 @@ T{ .BR vsnprintf () T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale .TE -.sp 1 .SH STANDARDS .TP .BR fprintf () @@ -980,7 +979,7 @@ with C99. .TQ .BR vdprintf () GNU, POSIX.1-2008. -.PP +.P .\" Linux libc4 knows about the five C standard flags. .\" It knows about the length modifiers \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP, .\" and the conversions @@ -994,7 +993,7 @@ GNU, POSIX.1-2008. .\" support for \fB%D\fP disappeared.) .\" No locale-dependent radix character, .\" no thousands' separator, no NaN or infinity, no "%m$" and "*m$". -.\" .PP +.\" .P .\" Linux libc5 knows about the five C standard flags and the \[aq] flag, .\" locale, "%m$" and "*m$". .\" It knows about the length modifiers \fBh\fP, \fBl\fP, \fBL\fP, @@ -1005,15 +1004,15 @@ GNU, POSIX.1-2008. .\" .BR m , .\" which outputs .\" .IR strerror(errno) . -.\" .PP +.\" .P .\" glibc 2.0 adds conversion characters \fBC\fP and \fBS\fP. -.\" .PP +.\" .P glibc 2.1 adds length modifiers \fBhh\fP, \fBj\fP, \fBt\fP, and \fBz\fP and conversion characters \fBa\fP and \fBA\fP. -.PP +.P glibc 2.2 adds the conversion character \fBF\fP with C99 semantics, and the flag character \fBI\fP. -.PP +.P glibc 2.35 gives a meaning to the alternate form .RB ( # ) of the @@ -1022,13 +1021,13 @@ conversion specifier, that is .IR %#m . .SH CAVEATS Some programs imprudently rely on code such as the following -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX sprintf(buf, "%s some further text", buf); .EE .in -.PP +.P to append text to .IR buf . However, the standards explicitly note that the results are undefined @@ -1044,7 +1043,7 @@ Depending on the version of used, and the compiler options employed, calls such as the above will .B not produce the expected results. -.PP +.P The glibc implementation of the functions .BR snprintf () and @@ -1103,7 +1102,7 @@ instead (or .BR asprintf (3) and .BR vasprintf (3)). -.\" .PP +.\" .P .\" Linux libc4.[45] does not have a .\" .BR snprintf (), .\" but provides a libbsd that contains an @@ -1116,7 +1115,7 @@ and .\" Thus, the use of .\" .BR snprintf () .\" with early libc4 leads to serious security problems. -.PP +.P Code such as .BI printf( foo ); often indicates a bug, since @@ -1127,14 +1126,14 @@ If comes from untrusted user input, it may contain \fB%n\fP, causing the .BR printf () call to write to memory and creating a security hole. -.\" .PP +.\" .P .\" Some floating-point conversions under early libc4 .\" caused memory leaks. .SH EXAMPLES To print .I Pi to five decimal places: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX #include <math.h> @@ -1142,14 +1141,14 @@ to five decimal places: fprintf(stdout, "pi = %.5f\en", 4 * atan(1.0)); .EE .in -.PP +.P To print a date and time in the form "Sunday, July 3, 10:02", where .I weekday and .I month are pointers to strings: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX #include <stdio.h> @@ -1157,11 +1156,11 @@ fprintf(stdout, "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\en", weekday, month, day, hour, min); .EE .in -.PP +.P Many countries use the day-month-year order. Hence, an internationalized version must be able to print the arguments in an order specified by the format: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX #include <stdio.h> @@ -1169,23 +1168,23 @@ fprintf(stdout, format, weekday, month, day, hour, min); .EE .in -.PP +.P where .I format depends on locale, and may permute the arguments. With the value: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX "%1$s, %3$d. %2$s, %4$d:%5$.2d\en" .EE .in -.PP +.P one might obtain "Sonntag, 3. Juli, 10:02". -.PP +.P To allocate a sufficiently large string and print into it (code correct for both glibc 2.0 and glibc 2.1): -.PP +.P .EX #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> @@ -1225,7 +1224,7 @@ make_message(const char *fmt, ...) return p; } .EE -.PP +.P If truncation occurs in glibc versions prior to glibc 2.0.6, this is treated as an error instead of being handled gracefully. .SH SEE ALSO |