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-.\" Copyright (C) 2022 Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH printf.h 3head 2024-03-14 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-printf.h,
-\%register_printf_specifier,
-\%register_printf_modifier,
-\%register_printf_type,
-\%printf_function,
-\%printf_arginfo_size_function,
-\%printf_va_arg_function,
-\%printf_info,
-\%PA_INT,
-\%PA_CHAR,
-\%PA_WCHAR,
-\%PA_STRING,
-\%PA_WSTRING,
-\%PA_POINTER,
-\%PA_FLOAT,
-\%PA_DOUBLE,
-\%PA_LAST,
-\%PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG,
-\%PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE,
-\%PA_FLAG_LONG,
-\%PA_FLAG_SHORT,
-\%PA_FLAG_PTR
-\- define custom behavior for printf-like functions
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <printf.h>
-.P
-.BI "int register_printf_specifier(int " spec ", printf_function " func ,
-.BI " printf_arginfo_size_function " arginfo );
-.BI "int register_printf_modifier(const wchar_t *" str );
-.BI "int register_printf_type(printf_va_arg_function " fct );
-.fi
-.SS Callbacks
-.nf
-.BI "typedef int printf_function(FILE *" stream ", const struct printf_info *" info ,
-.BI " const void *const " args []);
-.BI "typedef int printf_arginfo_size_function(const struct printf_info *" info ,
-.BI " size_t " n ", int " argtypes [ n "], int " size [ n ]);
-.BI "typedef void printf_va_arg_function(void *" mem ", va_list *" ap );
-.fi
-.SS Types
-.EX
-.B struct printf_info {
-.BR " int prec; " "// Precision"
-.BR " int width; " "// Width"
-.BR " wchar_t spec; " "// Format letter"
-.BR " unsigned int is_long_double:1;" "// " L " or " ll " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int is_short:1; " "// " h " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int is_long:1; " "// " l " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int alt:1; " "// " # " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int space:1; " "// Space flag"
-.BR " unsigned int left:1; " "// " - " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int showsign:1; " "// " + " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int group:1; " "// " \[aq] " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int extra:1; " "// For special use"
-.BR " unsigned int is_char:1; " "// " hh " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int wide:1; " "// True for wide character streams"
-.BR " unsigned int i18n:1; " "// " I " flag"
-.BR " unsigned int is_binary128:1; " "/* Floating-point argument is"
-.BR " " " ABI-compatible with"
-.BR " " " IEC 60559 binary128 */"
-.BR " unsigned short user; " "// Bits for user-installed modifiers"
-.BR " wchar_t pad; " "// Padding character"
-.B };
-.EE
-.SS Constants
-.EX
-.BR "#define PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG " "/* ... */"
-.BR "#define PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE " "/* ... */"
-.BR "#define PA_FLAG_LONG " "/* ... */"
-.BR "#define PA_FLAG_SHORT " "/* ... */"
-.BR "#define PA_FLAG_PTR " "/* ... */"
-.EE
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-These functions serve to extend and/or modify the behavior of the
-.BR printf (3)
-family of functions.
-.SS register_printf_specifier()
-This function registers a custom conversion specifier for the
-.BR printf (3)
-family of functions.
-.TP
-.I spec
-The character which will be used as a conversion specifier in the format string.
-.TP
-.I func
-Callback function that will be executed by the
-.BR printf (3)
-family of functions
-to format the input arguments into the output
-.IR stream .
-.RS
-.TP
-.I stream
-Output stream where the formatted output should be printed.
-This stream transparently represents the output,
-even in the case of functions that write to a string.
-.TP
-.I info
-Structure that holds context information,
-including the modifiers specified in the format string.
-This holds the same contents as in
-.IR arginfo .
-.TP
-.I args
-Array of pointers to the arguments to the
-.BR printf (3)\c
--like function.
-.RE
-.TP
-.I arginfo
-Callback function that will be executed by the
-.BR printf (3)
-family of functions
-to know how many arguments should be parsed for the custom specifier
-and also their types.
-.RS
-.TP
-.I info
-Structure that holds context information,
-including the modifiers specified in the format string.
-This holds the same contents as in
-.IR func .
-.TP
-.I n
-Number of arguments remaining to be parsed.
-.TP
-.I argtypes
-This array should be set to
-define the type of each of the arguments that will be parsed.
-Each element in the array represents one of the arguments to be parsed,
-in the same order that they are passed to the
-.BR printf (3)\c
--like function.
-Each element should be set to a base type
-.RB ( PA_ *)
-from the enum above,
-or a custom one,
-and optionally ORed with an appropriate length modifier
-.RB ( PA_FLAG_ *).
-.RS
-.P
-The type is determined by using one of the following constants:
-.TP
-.B PA_INT
-.IR int .
-.TP
-.B PA_CHAR
-.IR int ,
-cast to
-.IR char .
-.TP
-.B PA_WCHAR
-.IR wchar_t .
-.TP
-.B PA_STRING
-.IR "const char\~*" ,
-a \(aq\e0\(aq-terminated string.
-.TP
-.B PA_WSTRING
-.IR "const wchar_t\~*" ,
-a wide character L\(aq\e0\(aq-terminated string.
-.TP
-.B PA_POINTER
-.IR void\~* .
-.TP
-.B PA_FLOAT
-.IR float .
-.TP
-.B PA_DOUBLE
-.IR double .
-.TP
-.B PA_LAST
-TODO.
-.RE
-.TP
-.I size
-For user-defined types,
-the size of the type (in bytes) should also be specified through this array.
-Otherwise, leave it unused.
-.RE
-.P
-.I arginfo
-is called before
-.IR func ,
-and prepares some information needed to call
-.IR func .
-.SS register_printf_modifier()
-TODO
-.SS register_printf_type()
-TODO
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-.BR \%register_printf_specifier (),
-.BR \%register_printf_modifier (),
-and
-.BR \%register_printf_type ()
-return zero on success, or \-1 on error.
-.SS Callbacks
-The callback of type
-.I printf_function
-should return the number of characters written,
-or \-1 on error.
-.P
-The callback of type
-.I \%printf_arginfo_size_function
-should return the number of arguments to be parsed by this specifier.
-It also passes information about the type of those arguments
-to the caller through
-.IR argtypes .
-On error, it should return \-1.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-The specifier was not a valid character.
-.SH STANDARDS
-GNU.
-.SH HISTORY
-.BR \%register_printf_function (3)
-is an older function similar to
-.BR \%register_printf_specifier (),
-and is now deprecated.
-That function can't handle user-defined types.
-.P
-.BR \%register_printf_specifier ()
-supersedes
-.BR \%register_printf_function (3).
-.SH EXAMPLES
-The following example program registers the 'b' and 'B' specifiers
-to print integers in binary format,
-mirroring rules for other unsigned conversion specifiers like 'x' and 'u'.
-This can be used to print in binary prior to C23.
-.P
-.\" SRC BEGIN (register_printf_specifier.c)
-.EX
-/* This code is in the public domain */
-\&
-#include <err.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
-\&
-#include <printf.h>
-\&
-#define GROUP_SEP \[aq]\e\[aq]\[aq]
-\&
-struct Printf_Pad {
- char ch;
- size_t len;
-};
-\&
-static int b_printf(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
- const void *const args[]);
-static int b_arginf_sz(const struct printf_info *info,
- size_t n, int argtypes[n], int size[n]);
-\&
-static uintmax_t b_value(const struct printf_info *info,
- const void *arg);
-static size_t b_bin_repr(char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
- const struct printf_info *info, const void *arg);
-static size_t b_bin_len(const struct printf_info *info,
- ptrdiff_t min_len);
-static size_t b_pad_len(const struct printf_info *info,
- ptrdiff_t bin_len);
-static ssize_t b_print_prefix(FILE *stream,
- const struct printf_info *info);
-static ssize_t b_pad_zeros(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
- ptrdiff_t min_len);
-static ssize_t b_print_number(FILE *stream,
- const struct printf_info *info,
- const char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
- size_t min_len, size_t bin_len);
-static char pad_ch(const struct printf_info *info);
-static ssize_t pad_spaces(FILE *stream, size_t pad_len);
-\&
-int
-main(void)
-{
- if (register_printf_specifier(\[aq]b\[aq], b_printf, b_arginf_sz) == \-1)
- err(EXIT_FAILURE, "register_printf_specifier(\[aq]b\[aq], ...)");
- if (register_printf_specifier(\[aq]B\[aq], b_printf, b_arginf_sz) == \-1)
- err(EXIT_FAILURE, "register_printf_specifier(\[aq]B\[aq], ...)");
-\&
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%llb;\en", 0x5Ellu);
- printf("%lB;\en", 0x5Elu);
- printf("%b;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("%hB;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("%hhb;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("%jb;\en", (uintmax_t)0x5E);
- printf("%zb;\en", (size_t)0x5E);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%#b;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("%#B;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%10b;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("%010b;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("%.10b;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%\-10B;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%\[aq]B;\en", 0x5Eu);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%#16.12b;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%\-#\[aq]20.12b;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%#\[aq]020B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%#020B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%\[aq]020B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%020B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%#021B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%\[aq]021B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%021B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%#022B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%\[aq]022B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%022B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%#023B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%\[aq]023B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%023B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%\-#\[aq]19.11b;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%#\[aq]019B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%#019B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
- printf("%\[aq]019B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%019B;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("%#016b;\en", 0xAB);
- printf("....----....----....----....----\en");
-\&
- return 0;
-}
-\&
-static int
-b_printf(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
- const void *const args[])
-{
- char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH];
- size_t min_len, bin_len;
- ssize_t len, tmp;
- struct Printf_Pad pad = {0};
-\&
- len = 0;
-\&
- min_len = b_bin_repr(bin, info, args[0]);
- bin_len = b_bin_len(info, min_len);
-\&
- pad.ch = pad_ch(info);
- if (pad.ch == \[aq] \[aq])
- pad.len = b_pad_len(info, bin_len);
-\&
- /* Padding with \[aq] \[aq] (right aligned) */
- if ((pad.ch == \[aq] \[aq]) && !info->left) {
- tmp = pad_spaces(stream, pad.len);
- if (tmp == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len += tmp;
- }
-\&
- /* "0b"/"0B" prefix */
- if (info->alt) {
- tmp = b_print_prefix(stream, info);
- if (tmp == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len += tmp;
- }
-\&
- /* Padding with \[aq]0\[aq] */
- if (pad.ch == \[aq]0\[aq]) {
- tmp = b_pad_zeros(stream, info, min_len);
- if (tmp == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len += tmp;
- }
-\&
- /* Print number (including leading 0s to fill precision) */
- tmp = b_print_number(stream, info, bin, min_len, bin_len);
- if (tmp == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len += tmp;
-\&
- /* Padding with \[aq] \[aq] (left aligned) */
- if (info\->left) {
- tmp = pad_spaces(stream, pad.len);
- if (tmp == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len += tmp;
- }
-\&
- return len;
-}
-\&
-static int
-b_arginf_sz(const struct printf_info *info, size_t n, int argtypes[n],
- [[maybe_unused]] int size[n])
-{
- if (n < 1)
- return \-1;
-\&
- if (info\->is_long_double)
- argtypes[0] = PA_INT | PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG;
- else if (info\->is_long)
- argtypes[0] = PA_INT | PA_FLAG_LONG;
- else
- argtypes[0] = PA_INT;
-\&
- return 1;
-}
-\&
-static uintmax_t
-b_value(const struct printf_info *info, const void *arg)
-{
- if (info\->is_long_double)
- return *(const unsigned long long *)arg;
- if (info\->is_long)
- return *(const unsigned long *)arg;
-\&
- /* short and char are both promoted to int */
- return *(const unsigned int *)arg;
-}
-\&
-static size_t
-b_bin_repr(char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
- const struct printf_info *info, const void *arg)
-{
- size_t min_len;
- uintmax_t val;
-\&
- val = b_value(info, arg);
-\&
- bin[0] = \[aq]0\[aq];
- for (min_len = 0; val; min_len++) {
- bin[min_len] = \[aq]0\[aq] + (val % 2);
- val >>= 1;
- }
-\&
- return MAX(min_len, 1);
-}
-\&
-static size_t
-b_bin_len(const struct printf_info *info, ptrdiff_t min_len)
-{
- return MAX(info\->prec, min_len);
-}
-\&
-static size_t
-b_pad_len(const struct printf_info *info, ptrdiff_t bin_len)
-{
- ptrdiff_t pad_len;
-\&
- pad_len = info\->width \- bin_len;
- if (info\->alt)
- pad_len \-= 2;
- if (info\->group)
- pad_len \-= (bin_len \- 1) / 4;
-\&
- return MAX(pad_len, 0);
-}
-\&
-static ssize_t
-b_print_prefix(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info)
-{
- ssize_t len;
-\&
- len = 0;
- if (fputc(\[aq]0\[aq], stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
- if (fputc(info\->spec, stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
-\&
- return len;
-}
-\&
-static ssize_t
-b_pad_zeros(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
- ptrdiff_t min_len)
-{
- ssize_t len;
- ptrdiff_t tmp;
-\&
- len = 0;
- tmp = info\->width \- (info\->alt * 2);
- if (info\->group)
- tmp \-= tmp / 5 \- !(tmp % 5);
- for (ptrdiff_t i = tmp \- 1; i > min_len \- 1; i\-\-) {
- if (fputc(\[aq]0\[aq], stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
-\&
- if (!info\->group || (i % 4))
- continue;
- if (fputc(GROUP_SEP, stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
- }
-\&
- return len;
-}
-\&
-static ssize_t
-b_print_number(FILE *stream, const struct printf_info *info,
- const char bin[UINTMAX_WIDTH],
- size_t min_len, size_t bin_len)
-{
- ssize_t len;
-\&
- len = 0;
-\&
- /* Print leading zeros to fill precision */
- for (size_t i = bin_len \- 1; i > min_len \- 1; i\-\-) {
- if (fputc(\[aq]0\[aq], stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
-\&
- if (!info\->group || (i % 4))
- continue;
- if (fputc(GROUP_SEP, stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
- }
-\&
- /* Print number */
- for (size_t i = min_len \- 1; i < min_len; i\-\-) {
- if (fputc(bin[i], stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
-\&
- if (!info\->group || (i % 4) || !i)
- continue;
- if (fputc(GROUP_SEP, stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
- }
-\&
- return len;
-}
-\&
-static char
-pad_ch(const struct printf_info *info)
-{
- if ((info\->prec != \-1) || (info\->pad == \[aq] \[aq]) || info\->left)
- return \[aq] \[aq];
- return \[aq]0\[aq];
-}
-\&
-static ssize_t
-pad_spaces(FILE *stream, size_t pad_len)
-{
- ssize_t len;
-\&
- len = 0;
- for (size_t i = pad_len - 1; i < pad_len; i\-\-) {
- if (fputc(\[aq] \[aq], stream) == EOF)
- return EOF;
- len++;
- }
-\&
- return len;
-}
-.EE
-.\" SRC END
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR asprintf (3),
-.BR printf (3),
-.BR wprintf (3)
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.39.1) at 2024-11-07 09:30:14 +0000