diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | man5/elf.5 | 129 |
1 files changed, 73 insertions, 56 deletions
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ .\" 2007-10-11, Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>, various fixes .\" 2007-12-08, mtk, Converted from mdoc to man macros .\" -.TH ELF 5 2023-05-03 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.TH ELF 5 2024-02-25 "Linux man-pages 6.7" .SH NAME elf \- format of Executable and Linking Format (ELF) files .SH SYNOPSIS @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ defines the format of ELF executable binary files. Amongst these files are normal executable files, relocatable object files, core files, and shared objects. -.PP +.P An executable file using the ELF file format consists of an ELF header, followed by a program header table or a section header table, or both. The ELF header is always at offset zero of the file. @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ table and the section header table's offset in the file are defined in the ELF header. The two tables describe the rest of the particularities of the file. -.PP +.P .\" Applications which wish to process ELF binary files for their native .\" architecture only should include .\" .I <elf_abi.h> @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ the file. .\" ELF_xxx". .\" Applications written this way can be compiled on any architecture, .\" regardless of whether the host is 32-bit or 64-bit. -.\" .PP +.\" .P .\" Should an application need to process ELF files of an unknown .\" architecture, then the application needs to explicitly use either .\" "Elf32_xxx" @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ the file. .\" "ELF32_xxx" .\" or .\" "ELF64_xxx". -.\" .PP +.\" .P This header file describes the above mentioned headers as C structures and also includes structures for dynamic sections, relocation sections and symbol tables. @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ stands for .I uint32_t or .IR uint64_t ): -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX ElfN_Addr Unsigned program address, uintN_t @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ ElfN_Xword uint64_t .\" Elf32_Size Unsigned object size .EE .in -.PP +.P (Note: the *BSD terminology is a bit different. There, .I Elf64_Half @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ is used for .IR uint16_t . In order to avoid confusion these types are replaced by explicit ones in the below.) -.PP +.P All data structures that the file format defines follow the "natural" size and alignment guidelines for the relevant class. @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ The ELF header is described by the type .I Elf32_Ehdr or .IR Elf64_Ehdr : -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX #define EI_NIDENT 16 @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ typedef struct { } ElfN_Ehdr; .EE .in -.PP +.P The fields have the following meanings: .\" .\" @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ The ELF program header is described by the type or .I Elf64_Phdr depending on the architecture: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf32_Phdr; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf64_Phdr; .EE .in -.PP +.P The main difference between the 32-bit and the 64-bit program header lies in the location of the .I p_flags @@ -727,7 +727,9 @@ occur only if the program header table is part of the memory image of the program. If it is present, it must precede any loadable segment entry. .TP -.BR PT_LOPROC ", " PT_HIPROC +.B PT_LOPROC +.TQ +.B PT_HIPROC Values in the inclusive range .RB [ PT_LOPROC , .BR PT_HIPROC ] @@ -783,7 +785,7 @@ A readable segment. A text segment commonly has the flags .B PF_X and -.B PF_R . +.BR PF_R . A data segment commonly has .B PF_W and @@ -824,7 +826,7 @@ header table. holds the number of entries the section header table contains. .I e_shentsize holds the size in bytes of each entry. -.PP +.P A section header table index is a subscript into this array. Some section header table indices are reserved: @@ -848,7 +850,9 @@ or otherwise meaningless section reference. .B SHN_LORESERVE This value specifies the lower bound of the range of reserved indices. .TP -.BR SHN_LOPROC ", " SHN_HIPROC +.B SHN_LOPROC +.TQ +.B SHN_HIPROC Values greater in the inclusive range .RB [ SHN_LOPROC , .BR SHN_HIPROC ] @@ -875,9 +879,9 @@ and inclusive. The section header table does not contain entries for the reserved indices. -.PP +.P The section header has the following structure: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -894,7 +898,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf32_Shdr; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -911,7 +915,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf64_Shdr; .EE .in -.PP +.P No real differences exist between the 32-bit and 64-bit section headers. .TP .I sh_name @@ -1002,7 +1006,9 @@ object file can also contain a .B SHT_SYMTAB section. .TP -.BR SHT_LOPROC ", " SHT_HIPROC +.B SHT_LOPROC +.TQ +.B SHT_HIPROC Values in the inclusive range .RB [ SHT_LOPROC , .BR SHT_HIPROC ] @@ -1106,7 +1112,7 @@ Some sections hold a table of fixed-sized entries, such as a symbol table. For such a section, this member gives the size in bytes for each entry. This member contains zero if the section does not hold a table of fixed-size entries. -.PP +.P Various sections hold program and control information: .TP .I .bss @@ -1438,12 +1444,12 @@ The first byte, which is index zero, is defined to hold a null byte (\[aq]\e0\[aq]). Similarly, a string table's last byte is defined to hold a null byte, ensuring null termination for all strings. -.PP +.P An object file's symbol table holds information needed to locate and relocate a program's symbolic definitions and references. A symbol table index is a subscript into this array. -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1456,7 +1462,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf32_Sym; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1469,7 +1475,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf64_Sym; .EE .in -.PP +.P The 32-bit and 64-bit versions have the same members, just in a different order. .TP @@ -1520,7 +1526,9 @@ and it precedes the other .B STB_LOCAL symbols of the file, if it is present. .TP -.BR STT_LOPROC ", " STT_HIPROC +.B STT_LOPROC +.TQ +.B STT_HIPROC Values in the inclusive range .RB [ STT_LOPROC , .BR STT_HIPROC ] @@ -1542,7 +1550,9 @@ reference to the same symbol. Weak symbols resemble global symbols, but their definitions have lower precedence. .TP -.BR STB_LOPROC ", " STB_HIPROC +.B STB_LOPROC +.TQ +.B STB_HIPROC Values in the inclusive range .RB [ STB_LOPROC , .BR STB_HIPROC ] @@ -1552,18 +1562,23 @@ are reserved for processor-specific semantics. There are macros for packing and unpacking the binding and type fields: .RS .TP -.BR ELF32_ST_BIND( \fIinfo\fP ) ", " ELF64_ST_BIND( \fIinfo\fP ) +.BI ELF32_ST_BIND( info ) +.TQ +.BI ELF64_ST_BIND( info ) Extract a binding from an .I st_info value. .TP -.BR ELF32_ST_TYPE( \fIinfo ) ", " ELF64_ST_TYPE( \fIinfo\fP ) +.BI ELF32_ST_TYPE( info ) +.TQ +.BI ELF64_ST_TYPE( info ) Extract a type from an .I st_info value. .TP -.BR ELF32_ST_INFO( \fIbind\fP ", " \fItype\fP ) ", " \ -ELF64_ST_INFO( \fIbind\fP ", " \fItype\fP ) +.BI ELF32_ST_INFO( bind ", " type ) +.TQ +.BI ELF64_ST_INFO( bind ", " type ) Convert a binding and a type into an .I st_info value. @@ -1592,9 +1607,9 @@ references in the local module always resolve to the local symbol Symbol is available to other modules, but references in the local module always resolve to the local symbol. .PD -.PP +.P There are macros for extracting the visibility type: -.PP +.P .BR ELF32_ST_VISIBILITY (other) or .BR ELF64_ST_VISIBILITY (other) @@ -1615,9 +1630,9 @@ describes how to modify their section contents, thus allowing executable and shared object files to hold the right information for a process's program image. Relocation entries are these data. -.PP +.P Relocation structures that do not need an addend: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1626,7 +1641,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf32_Rel; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1635,9 +1650,9 @@ typedef struct { } Elf64_Rel; .EE .in -.PP +.P Relocation structures that need an addend: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1647,7 +1662,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf32_Rela; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1695,7 +1710,7 @@ The member controls the interpretation of .IR d_un . -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1708,7 +1723,7 @@ typedef struct { extern Elf32_Dyn _DYNAMIC[]; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1806,7 +1821,9 @@ transferring control to the executable .B DT_RUNPATH String table offset to library search path .TP -.BR DT_LOPROC ", " DT_HIPROC +.B DT_LOPROC +.TQ +.B DT_HIPROC Values in the inclusive range .RB [ DT_LOPROC , .BR DT_HIPROC ] @@ -1855,7 +1872,7 @@ but many projects define their own set of extensions. For example, the GNU tool chain uses ELF notes to pass information from the linker to the C library. -.PP +.P Note sections contain a series of notes (see the .I struct definitions below). @@ -1863,10 +1880,10 @@ Each note is followed by the name field (whose length is defined in \fIn_namesz\fR) and then by the descriptor field (whose length is defined in \fIn_descsz\fR) and whose starting address has a 4 byte alignment. Neither field is defined in the note struct due to their arbitrary lengths. -.PP +.P An example for parsing out two consecutive notes should clarify their layout in memory: -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX void *memory, *name, *desc; @@ -1890,7 +1907,7 @@ next_note = memory + sizeof(*note) + ALIGN_UP(note\->n_descsz, 4); .EE .in -.PP +.P Keep in mind that the interpretation of .I n_type depends on the namespace defined by the @@ -1902,7 +1919,7 @@ field is not set (e.g., is 0), then there are two sets of notes: one for core files and one for all other ELF types. If the namespace is unknown, then tools will usually fallback to these sets of notes as well. -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -1912,7 +1929,7 @@ typedef struct { } Elf32_Nhdr; .EE .in -.PP +.P .in +4n .EX typedef struct { @@ -2143,7 +2160,7 @@ Architecture information. ELF first appeared in System V. The ELF format is an adopted standard. -.PP +.P The extensions for .IR e_phnum , .IR e_shnum , @@ -2178,19 +2195,19 @@ look under SEE ALSO. .BR dl_iterate_phdr (3), .BR core (5), .BR ld.so (8) -.PP +.P Hewlett-Packard, .IR "Elf-64 Object File Format" . -.PP +.P Santa Cruz Operation, .IR "System V Application Binary Interface" . -.PP +.P UNIX System Laboratories, "Object Files", .IR "Executable and Linking Format (ELF)" . -.PP +.P Sun Microsystems, .IR "Linker and Libraries Guide" . -.PP +.P AMD64 ABI Draft, .IR "System V Application Binary Interface AMD64 Architecture Processor Supplement" . |