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diff --git a/man5/utmp.5 b/man5/utmp.5 deleted file mode 100644 index 48f300e..0000000 --- a/man5/utmp.5 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,348 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de), -.\" Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993 -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.\" -.\" Modified 1993-07-25 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" Modified 1995-02-26 by Michael Haardt -.\" Modified 1996-07-20 by Michael Haardt -.\" Modified 1997-07-02 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org> -.\" Modified 2004-10-31 by aeb, following Gwenole Beauchesne -.TH utmp 5 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -utmp, wtmp \- login records -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.B #include <utmp.h> -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.I utmp -file allows one to discover information about who is currently using the -system. -There may be more users currently using the system, because not -all programs use utmp logging. -.P -.B Warning: -.I utmp -must not be writable by the user class "other", -because many system programs (foolishly) -depend on its integrity. -You risk faked system logfiles and -modifications of system files if you leave -.I utmp -writable to any user other than the owner and group owner of the file. -.P -The file is a sequence of -.I utmp -structures, -declared as follows in -.I <utmp.h> -(note that this is only one of several definitions -around; details depend on the version of libc): -.P -.in +4n -.EX -/* Values for ut_type field, below */ -\& -#define EMPTY 0 /* Record does not contain valid info - (formerly known as UT_UNKNOWN on Linux) */ -#define RUN_LVL 1 /* Change in system run\-level (see - \fBinit\fP(1)) */ -#define BOOT_TIME 2 /* Time of system boot (in \fIut_tv\fP) */ -#define NEW_TIME 3 /* Time after system clock change - (in \fIut_tv\fP) */ -#define OLD_TIME 4 /* Time before system clock change - (in \fIut_tv\fP) */ -#define INIT_PROCESS 5 /* Process spawned by \fBinit\fP(1) */ -#define LOGIN_PROCESS 6 /* Session leader process for user login */ -#define USER_PROCESS 7 /* Normal process */ -#define DEAD_PROCESS 8 /* Terminated process */ -#define ACCOUNTING 9 /* Not implemented */ -\& -#define UT_LINESIZE 32 -#define UT_NAMESIZE 32 -#define UT_HOSTSIZE 256 -\& -struct exit_status { /* Type for ut_exit, below */ - short e_termination; /* Process termination status */ - short e_exit; /* Process exit status */ -}; -\& -struct utmp { - short ut_type; /* Type of record */ - pid_t ut_pid; /* PID of login process */ - char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE]; /* Device name of tty \- "/dev/" */ - char ut_id[4]; /* Terminal name suffix, - or inittab(5) ID */ - char ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE]; /* Username */ - char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE]; /* Hostname for remote login, or - kernel version for run\-level - messages */ - struct exit_status ut_exit; /* Exit status of a process - marked as DEAD_PROCESS; not - used by Linux init(1) */ - /* The ut_session and ut_tv fields must be the same size when - compiled 32\- and 64\-bit. This allows data files and shared - memory to be shared between 32\- and 64\-bit applications. */ -#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32 - int32_t ut_session; /* Session ID (\fBgetsid\fP(2)), - used for windowing */ - struct { - int32_t tv_sec; /* Seconds */ - int32_t tv_usec; /* Microseconds */ - } ut_tv; /* Time entry was made */ -#else - long ut_session; /* Session ID */ - struct timeval ut_tv; /* Time entry was made */ -#endif -\& - int32_t ut_addr_v6[4]; /* Internet address of remote - host; IPv4 address uses - just ut_addr_v6[0] */ - char __unused[20]; /* Reserved for future use */ -}; -\& -/* Backward compatibility hacks */ -#define ut_name ut_user -#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME -#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec -#endif -#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec -#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0] -.EE -.in -.P -This structure gives the name of the special file associated with the -user's terminal, the user's login name, and the time of login in the form -of -.BR time (2). -String fields are terminated by a null byte (\[aq]\e0\[aq]) -if they are shorter than the size -of the field. -.P -The first entries ever created result from -.BR init (1) -processing -.BR inittab (5). -Before an entry is processed, though, -.BR init (1) -cleans up utmp by setting \fIut_type\fP to \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP, clearing -\fIut_user\fP, \fIut_host\fP, and \fIut_time\fP with null bytes for each -record which \fIut_type\fP is not \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP or \fBRUN_LVL\fP -and where no process with PID \fIut_pid\fP exists. -If no empty record -with the needed \fIut_id\fP can be found, -.BR init (1) -creates a new one. -It sets \fIut_id\fP from the inittab, \fIut_pid\fP and \fIut_time\fP to the -current values, and \fIut_type\fP to \fBINIT_PROCESS\fP. -.P -.BR mingetty (8) -(or -.BR agetty (8)) -locates the entry by the PID, changes \fIut_type\fP to -\fBLOGIN_PROCESS\fP, changes \fIut_time\fP, sets \fIut_line\fP, and waits -for connection to be established. -.BR login (1), -after a user has been -authenticated, changes \fIut_type\fP to \fBUSER_PROCESS\fP, changes -\fIut_time\fP, and sets \fIut_host\fP and \fIut_addr\fP. -Depending on -.BR mingetty (8) -(or -.BR agetty (8)) -and -.BR login (1), -records may be located by -\fIut_line\fP instead of the preferable \fIut_pid\fP. -.P -When -.BR init (1) -finds that a process has exited, it locates its utmp entry by -.IR ut_pid , -sets -.I ut_type -to -.BR DEAD_PROCESS , -and clears -.IR ut_user , -.IR ut_host , -and -.I ut_time -with null bytes. -.P -.BR xterm (1) -and other terminal emulators directly create a -\fBUSER_PROCESS\fP record and generate the \fIut_id\fP by using the -string that suffix part of the terminal name (the characters -following -.IR /dev/ [pt] ty ). -If they find a \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP for this ID, -they recycle it, otherwise they create a new entry. -If they can, they -will mark it as \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP on exiting and it is advised that -they null \fIut_line\fP, \fIut_time\fP, \fIut_user\fP, and \fIut_host\fP -as well. -.P -.BR telnetd (8) -sets up a \fBLOGIN_PROCESS\fP entry and leaves the rest to -.BR login (1) -as usual. -After the telnet session ends, -.BR telnetd (8) -cleans up utmp in the described way. -.P -The \fIwtmp\fP file records all logins and logouts. -Its format is exactly like \fIutmp\fP except that a null username -indicates a logout -on the associated terminal. -Furthermore, the terminal name \fB\[ti]\fP -with username \fBshutdown\fP or \fBreboot\fP indicates a system -shutdown or reboot and the pair of terminal names \fB|\fP/\fB}\fP -logs the old/new system time when -.BR date (1) -changes it. -\fIwtmp\fP is maintained by -.BR login (1), -.BR init (1), -and some versions of -.BR getty (8) -(e.g., -.BR mingetty (8) -or -.BR agetty (8)). -None of these programs creates the file, so if it is -removed, record-keeping is turned off. -.SH FILES -.I /var/run/utmp -.br -.I /var/log/wtmp -.SH VERSIONS -POSIX.1 does not specify a -.I utmp -structure, but rather one named -.I utmpx -(as part of the XSI extension), -with specifications for the fields -.IR ut_type , -.IR ut_pid , -.IR ut_line , -.IR ut_id , -.IR ut_user , -and -.IR ut_tv . -POSIX.1 does not specify the lengths of the -.I ut_line -and -.I ut_user -fields. -.P -Linux defines the -.I utmpx -structure to be the same as the -.I utmp -structure. -.SH STANDARDS -Linux. -.SH HISTORY -Linux utmp entries conform neither to v7/BSD nor to System V; they are a -mix of the two. -.P -v7/BSD has fewer fields; most importantly it lacks -\fIut_type\fP, which causes native v7/BSD-like programs to display (for -example) dead or login entries. -Further, there is no configuration file -which allocates slots to sessions. -BSD does so because it lacks \fIut_id\fP fields. -.P -In Linux (as in System V), the \fIut_id\fP field of a -record will never change once it has been set, which reserves that slot -without needing a configuration file. -Clearing \fIut_id\fP may result -in race conditions leading to corrupted utmp entries and potential -security holes. -Clearing the abovementioned fields by filling them -with null bytes is not required by System V semantics, -but makes it possible to run -many programs which assume BSD semantics and which do not modify utmp. -Linux uses the BSD conventions for line contents, as documented above. -.P -.\" mtk: What is the referrent of "them" in the following sentence? -.\" System V only uses the type field to mark them and logs -.\" informative messages such as \fB"new time"\fP in the line field. -System V has no \fIut_host\fP or \fIut_addr_v6\fP fields. -.SH NOTES -Unlike various other -systems, where utmp logging can be disabled by removing the file, utmp -must always exist on Linux. -If you want to disable -.BR who (1), -then do not make utmp world readable. -.P -The file format is machine-dependent, so it is recommended that it be -processed only on the machine architecture where it was created. -.P -Note that on \fIbiarch\fP platforms, that is, systems which can run both -32-bit and 64-bit applications (x86-64, ppc64, s390x, etc.), -\fIut_tv\fP is the same size in 32-bit mode as in 64-bit mode. -The same goes for \fIut_session\fP and \fIut_time\fP if they are present. -This allows data files and shared memory to be shared between -32-bit and 64-bit applications. -This is achieved by changing the type of -.I ut_session -to -.IR int32_t , -and that of -.I ut_tv -to a struct with two -.I int32_t -fields -.I tv_sec -and -.IR tv_usec . -Since \fIut_tv\fP may not be the same as \fIstruct timeval\fP, -then instead of the call: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -gettimeofday((struct timeval *) &ut.ut_tv, NULL); -.EE -.in -.P -the following method of setting this field is recommended: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -struct utmp ut; -struct timeval tv; -\& -gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); -ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec; -ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec; -.EE -.in -.\" .P -.\" Note that the \fIutmp\fP struct from libc5 has changed in libc6. -.\" Because of this, -.\" binaries using the old libc5 struct will corrupt -.\" .IR /var/run/utmp " and/or " /var/log/wtmp . -.\" .SH BUGS -.\" This man page is based on the libc5 one, things may work differently now. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR ac (1), -.BR date (1), -.BR init (1), -.BR last (1), -.BR login (1), -.BR logname (1), -.BR lslogins (1), -.BR users (1), -.BR utmpdump (1), -.BR who (1), -.BR getutent (3), -.BR getutmp (3), -.BR login (3), -.BR logout (3), -.BR logwtmp (3), -.BR updwtmp (3) |