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diff --git a/man7/hier.7 b/man7/hier.7 deleted file mode 100644 index 497e0f5..0000000 --- a/man7/hier.7 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,654 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de) -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 11:05:58 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" Modified Sat Feb 10 16:18:03 1996 by Urs Thuermann (urs@isnogud.escape.de) -.\" Modified Mon Jun 16 20:02:00 1997 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org> -.\" Modified Mon Feb 6 16:41:00 1999 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org> -.\" Modified Tue Feb 8 16:46:45 2000 by Chris Pepper <pepper@tgg.com> -.\" Modified Fri Sep 7 20:32:45 2001 by Tammy Fox <tfox@redhat.com> -.TH hier 7 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -hier \- description of the filesystem hierarchy -.SH DESCRIPTION -A typical Linux system has, among others, the following directories: -.TP -.I / -This is the root directory. -This is where the whole tree starts. -.TP -.I /bin -This directory contains executable programs which are needed in -single user mode and to bring the system up or repair it. -.TP -.I /boot -Contains static files for the boot loader. -This directory holds only -the files which are needed during the boot process. -The map installer -and configuration files should go to -.I /sbin -and -.IR /etc . -The operating system kernel (initrd for example) must be located in either -.I / -or -.IR /boot . -.TP -.I /dev -Special or device files, which refer to physical devices. -See -.BR mknod (1). -.TP -.I /etc -Contains configuration files which are local to the machine. -Some -larger software packages, like X11, can have their own subdirectories -below -.IR /etc . -Site-wide configuration files may be placed here or in -.IR /usr/etc . -Nevertheless, programs should always look for these files in -.I /etc -and you may have links for these files to -.IR /usr/etc . -.TP -.I /etc/opt -Host-specific configuration files for add-on applications installed -in -.IR /opt . -.TP -.I /etc/sgml -This directory contains the configuration files for SGML (optional). -.TP -.I /etc/skel -When a new user account is created, files from this directory are -usually copied into the user's home directory. -.TP -.I /etc/X11 -Configuration files for the X11 window system (optional). -.TP -.I /etc/xml -This directory contains the configuration files for XML (optional). -.TP -.I /home -On machines with home directories for users, these are usually beneath -this directory, directly or not. -The structure of this directory -depends on local administration decisions (optional). -.TP -.I /lib -This directory should hold those shared libraries that are necessary -to boot the system and to run the commands in the root filesystem. -.TP -.I /lib<qual> -These directories are variants of -.I /lib -on system which support more than one binary format requiring separate -libraries (optional). -.TP -.I /lib/modules -Loadable kernel modules (optional). -.TP -.I /lost+found -This directory contains items lost in the filesystem. -These items are usually chunks of files mangled as a consequence of -a faulty disk or a system crash. -.TP -.I /media -This directory contains mount points for removable media such as CD -and DVD disks or USB sticks. -On systems where more than one device exists -for mounting a certain type of media, -mount directories can be created by appending a digit -to the name of those available above starting with '0', -but the unqualified name must also exist. -.TP -.I /media/floppy[1\-9] -Floppy drive (optional). -.TP -.I /media/cdrom[1\-9] -CD-ROM drive (optional). -.TP -.I /media/cdrecorder[1\-9] -CD writer (optional). -.TP -.I /media/zip[1\-9] -Zip drive (optional). -.TP -.I /media/usb[1\-9] -USB drive (optional). -.TP -.I /mnt -This directory is a mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem. -In some distributions, -.I /mnt -contains subdirectories intended to be used as mount points for several -temporary filesystems. -.TP -.I /opt -This directory should contain add-on packages that contain static files. -.TP -.I /proc -This is a mount point for the -.I proc -filesystem, which provides information about running processes and -the kernel. -This pseudo-filesystem is described in more detail in -.BR proc (5). -.TP -.I /root -This directory is usually the home directory for the root user (optional). -.TP -.I /run -This directory contains information which -describes the system since it was booted. -Once this purpose was served by -.I /var/run -and programs may continue to use it. -.TP -.I /sbin -Like -.IR /bin , -this directory holds commands needed to boot the system, but which are -usually not executed by normal users. -.TP -.I /srv -This directory contains site-specific data that is served by this system. -.TP -.I /sys -This is a mount point for the sysfs filesystem, which provides information -about the kernel like -.IR /proc , -but better structured, following the formalism of kobject infrastructure. -.TP -.I /tmp -This directory contains temporary files which may be deleted with no -notice, such as by a regular job or at system boot up. -.TP -.I /usr -This directory is usually mounted from a separate partition. -It should hold only shareable, read-only data, so that it can be mounted -by various machines running Linux. -.TP -.I /usr/X11R6 -The X\-Window system, version 11 release 6 (present in FHS 2.3, removed -in FHS 3.0). -.TP -.I /usr/X11R6/bin -Binaries which belong to the X\-Window system; often, there is a -symbolic link from the more traditional -.I /usr/bin/X11 -to here. -.TP -.I /usr/X11R6/lib -Data files associated with the X\-Window system. -.TP -.I /usr/X11R6/lib/X11 -These contain miscellaneous files needed to run X; Often, there is a -symbolic link from -.I /usr/lib/X11 -to this directory. -.TP -.I /usr/X11R6/include/X11 -Contains include files needed for compiling programs using the X11 -window system. -Often, there is a symbolic link from -.I /usr/include/X11 -to this directory. -.TP -.I /usr/bin -This is the primary directory for executable programs. -Most programs -executed by normal users which are not needed for booting or for -repairing the system and which are not installed locally should be -placed in this directory. -.TP -.I /usr/bin/mh -Commands for the MH mail handling system (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/bin/X11 -This is the traditional place to look for X11 executables; on Linux, it -usually is a symbolic link to -.IR /usr/X11R6/bin . -.TP -.I /usr/dict -Replaced by -.IR /usr/share/dict . -.TP -.I /usr/doc -Replaced by -.IR /usr/share/doc . -.TP -.I /usr/etc -Site-wide configuration files to be shared between several machines -may be stored in this directory. -However, commands should always -reference those files using the -.I /etc -directory. -Links from files in -.I /etc -should point to the appropriate files in -.IR /usr/etc . -.TP -.I /usr/games -Binaries for games and educational programs (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/include -Include files for the C compiler. -.TP -.I /usr/include/bsd -BSD compatibility include files (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/include/X11 -Include files for the C compiler and the X\-Window system. -This is -usually a symbolic link to -.IR /usr/X11R6/include/X11 . -.TP -.I /usr/include/asm -Include files which declare some assembler functions. -This used to be a -symbolic link to -.IR /usr/src/linux/include/asm . -.TP -.I /usr/include/linux -This contains information which may change from system release to -system release and used to be a symbolic link to -.I /usr/src/linux/include/linux -to get at operating-system-specific information. -.IP -(Note that one should have include files there that work correctly with -the current libc and in user space. -However, Linux kernel source is not -designed to be used with user programs and does not know anything -about the libc you are using. -It is very likely that things will break -if you let -.I /usr/include/asm -and -.I /usr/include/linux -point at a random kernel tree. -Debian systems don't do this -and use headers from a known good kernel -version, provided in the libc*\-dev package.) -.TP -.I /usr/include/g++ -Include files to use with the GNU C++ compiler. -.TP -.I /usr/lib -Object libraries, including dynamic libraries, plus some executables -which usually are not invoked directly. -More complicated programs may -have whole subdirectories there. -.TP -.I /usr/libexec -Directory contains binaries for internal use only and they are not meant -to be executed directly by users shell or scripts. -.TP -.I /usr/lib<qual> -These directories are variants of -.I /usr/lib -on system which support more than one binary format requiring separate -libraries, except that the symbolic link -.IR /usr/lib qual /X11 -is not required (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/lib/X11 -The usual place for data files associated with X programs, and -configuration files for the X system itself. -On Linux, it usually is -a symbolic link to -.IR /usr/X11R6/lib/X11 . -.TP -.I /usr/lib/gcc\-lib -contains executables and include files for the GNU C compiler, -.BR gcc (1). -.TP -.I /usr/lib/groff -Files for the GNU groff document formatting system. -.TP -.I /usr/lib/uucp -Files for -.BR uucp (1). -.TP -.I /usr/local -This is where programs which are local to the site typically go. -.TP -.I /usr/local/bin -Binaries for programs local to the site. -.TP -.I /usr/local/doc -Local documentation. -.TP -.I /usr/local/etc -Configuration files associated with locally installed programs. -.TP -.I /usr/local/games -Binaries for locally installed games. -.TP -.I /usr/local/lib -Files associated with locally installed programs. -.TP -.I /usr/local/lib<qual> -These directories are variants of -.I /usr/local/lib -on system which support more than one binary format requiring separate -libraries (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/local/include -Header files for the local C compiler. -.TP -.I /usr/local/info -Info pages associated with locally installed programs. -.TP -.I /usr/local/man -Man pages associated with locally installed programs. -.TP -.I /usr/local/sbin -Locally installed programs for system administration. -.TP -.I /usr/local/share -Local application data that can be shared among different architectures -of the same OS. -.TP -.I /usr/local/src -Source code for locally installed software. -.TP -.I /usr/man -Replaced by -.IR /usr/share/man . -.TP -.I /usr/sbin -This directory contains program binaries for system administration -which are not essential for the boot process, for mounting -.IR /usr , -or for system repair. -.TP -.I /usr/share -This directory contains subdirectories with specific application data, that -can be shared among different architectures of the same OS. -Often one finds stuff here that used to live in -.I /usr/doc -or -.I /usr/lib -or -.IR /usr/man . -.TP -.I /usr/share/color -Contains color management information, like International Color Consortium (ICC) -Color profiles (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/dict -Contains the word lists used by spell checkers (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/dict/words -List of English words (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/doc -Documentation about installed programs (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/games -Static data files for games in -.I /usr/games -(optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/info -Info pages go here (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/locale -Locale information goes here (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/man -Manual pages go here in subdirectories according to the man page sections. -.TP -.IR /usr/share/man/ locale /man[1\-9] -These directories contain manual pages for the -specific locale in source code form. -Systems which use a unique language and code set for all manual pages -may omit the <locale> substring. -.TP -.I /usr/share/misc -Miscellaneous data that can be shared among different architectures of the -same OS. -.TP -.I /usr/share/nls -The message catalogs for native language support go here (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/ppd -Postscript Printer Definition (PPD) files (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/sgml -Files for SGML (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/sgml/docbook -DocBook DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/sgml/tei -TEI DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/sgml/html -HTML DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/sgml/mathml -MathML DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/terminfo -The database for terminfo (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/tmac -Troff macros that are not distributed with groff (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/xml -Files for XML (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/xml/docbook -DocBook DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/xml/xhtml -XHTML DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/xml/mathml -MathML DTD (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/share/zoneinfo -Files for timezone information (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/src -Source files for different parts of the system, included with some packages -for reference purposes. -Don't work here with your own projects, as files -below /usr should be read-only except when installing software (optional). -.TP -.I /usr/src/linux -This was the traditional place for the kernel source. -Some distributions put here the source for the default kernel they ship. -You should probably use another directory when building your own kernel. -.TP -.I /usr/tmp -Obsolete. -This should be a link -to -.IR /var/tmp . -This link is present only for compatibility reasons and shouldn't be used. -.TP -.I /var -This directory contains files which may change in size, such as spool -and log files. -.TP -.I /var/account -Process accounting logs (optional). -.TP -.I /var/adm -This directory is superseded by -.I /var/log -and should be a symbolic link to -.IR /var/log . -.TP -.I /var/backups -Reserved for historical reasons. -.TP -.I /var/cache -Data cached for programs. -.TP -.I /var/cache/fonts -Locally generated fonts (optional). -.TP -.I /var/cache/man -Locally formatted man pages (optional). -.TP -.I /var/cache/www -WWW proxy or cache data (optional). -.TP -.I /var/cache/<package> -Package specific cache data (optional). -.TP -.IR /var/catman/cat[1\-9] " or " /var/cache/man/cat[1\-9] -These directories contain preformatted manual pages according to their -man page section. -(The use of preformatted manual pages is deprecated.) -.TP -.I /var/crash -System crash dumps (optional). -.TP -.I /var/cron -Reserved for historical reasons. -.TP -.I /var/games -Variable game data (optional). -.TP -.I /var/lib -Variable state information for programs. -.TP -.I /var/lib/color -Variable files containing color management information (optional). -.TP -.I /var/lib/hwclock -State directory for hwclock (optional). -.TP -.I /var/lib/misc -Miscellaneous state data. -.TP -.I /var/lib/xdm -X display manager variable data (optional). -.TP -.I /var/lib/<editor> -Editor backup files and state (optional). -.TP -.I /var/lib/<name> -These directories must be used for all distribution packaging support. -.TP -.I /var/lib/<package> -State data for packages and subsystems (optional). -.TP -.I /var/lib/<pkgtool> -Packaging support files (optional). -.TP -.I /var/local -Variable data for -.IR /usr/local . -.TP -.I /var/lock -Lock files are placed in this directory. -The naming convention for -device lock files is -.I LCK..<device> -where -.I <device> -is the device's name in the filesystem. -The format used is that of HDU UUCP lock files, that is, lock files -contain a PID as a 10-byte ASCII decimal number, followed by a newline -character. -.TP -.I /var/log -Miscellaneous log files. -.TP -.I /var/opt -Variable data for -.IR /opt . -.TP -.I /var/mail -Users' mailboxes. -Replaces -.IR /var/spool/mail . -.TP -.I /var/msgs -Reserved for historical reasons. -.TP -.I /var/preserve -Reserved for historical reasons. -.TP -.I /var/run -Run-time variable files, like files holding process identifiers (PIDs) -and logged user information -.IR (utmp) . -Files in this directory are usually cleared when the system boots. -.TP -.I /var/spool -Spooled (or queued) files for various programs. -.TP -.I /var/spool/at -Spooled jobs for -.BR at (1). -.TP -.I /var/spool/cron -Spooled jobs for -.BR cron (8). -.TP -.I /var/spool/lpd -Spooled files for printing (optional). -.TP -.I /var/spool/lpd/printer -Spools for a specific printer (optional). -.TP -.I /var/spool/mail -Replaced by -.IR /var/mail . -.TP -.I /var/spool/mqueue -Queued outgoing mail (optional). -.TP -.I /var/spool/news -Spool directory for news (optional). -.TP -.I /var/spool/rwho -Spooled files for -.BR rwhod (8) -(optional). -.TP -.I /var/spool/smail -Spooled files for the -.BR smail (1) -mail delivery program. -.TP -.I /var/spool/uucp -Spooled files for -.BR uucp (1) -(optional). -.TP -.I /var/tmp -Like -.IR /tmp , -this directory holds temporary files stored for an unspecified duration. -.TP -.I /var/yp -Database files for NIS, -formerly known as the Sun Yellow Pages (YP). -.SH STANDARDS -.UR https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml -The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), Version 3.0 -.UE , -published March 19, 2015 -.SH BUGS -This list is not exhaustive; -different distributions and systems may be configured differently. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR find (1), -.BR ln (1), -.BR proc (5), -.BR file\-hierarchy (7), -.BR mount (8) -.P -The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard |