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-.\" Copyright (c) 2015 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.\"
-.TH nptl 7 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-nptl \- Native POSIX Threads Library
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-NPTL (Native POSIX Threads Library)
-is the GNU C library POSIX threads implementation that is used on modern
-Linux systems.
-.\"
-.SS NPTL and signals
-NPTL makes internal use of the first two real-time signals
-(signal numbers 32 and 33).
-One of these signals is used to support thread cancelation and POSIX timers
-(see
-.BR timer_create (2));
-the other is used as part of a mechanism that ensures all threads in
-a process always have the same UIDs and GIDs, as required by POSIX.
-These signals cannot be used in applications.
-.P
-To prevent accidental use of these signals in applications,
-which might interfere with the operation of the NPTL implementation,
-various glibc library functions and system call wrapper functions
-attempt to hide these signals from applications,
-as follows:
-.IP \[bu] 3
-.B SIGRTMIN
-is defined with the value 34 (rather than 32).
-.IP \[bu]
-The
-.BR sigwaitinfo (2),
-.BR sigtimedwait (2),
-and
-.BR sigwait (3)
-interfaces silently ignore requests to wait for these two signals
-if they are specified in the signal set argument of these calls.
-.IP \[bu]
-The
-.BR sigprocmask (2)
-and
-.BR pthread_sigmask (3)
-interfaces silently ignore attempts to block these two signals.
-.IP \[bu]
-The
-.BR sigaction (2),
-.BR pthread_kill (3),
-and
-.BR pthread_sigqueue (3)
-interfaces fail with the error
-.B EINVAL
-(indicating an invalid signal number) if these signals are specified.
-.IP \[bu]
-.BR sigfillset (3)
-does not include these two signals when it creates a full signal set.
-.\"
-.SS NPTL and process credential changes
-At the Linux kernel level,
-credentials (user and group IDs) are a per-thread attribute.
-However, POSIX requires that all of the POSIX threads in a process
-have the same credentials.
-To accommodate this requirement,
-the NPTL implementation wraps all of the system calls that
-change process credentials with functions that,
-in addition to invoking the underlying system call,
-arrange for all other threads in the process to also change their credentials.
-.P
-The implementation of each of these system calls involves the use of
-a real-time signal that is sent (using
-.BR tgkill (2))
-to each of the other threads that must change its credentials.
-Before sending these signals, the thread that is changing credentials
-saves the new credential(s) and records the system call being employed
-in a global buffer.
-A signal handler in the receiving thread(s) fetches this information and
-then uses the same system call to change its credentials.
-.P
-Wrapper functions employing this technique are provided for
-.BR setgid (2),
-.BR setuid (2),
-.BR setegid (2),
-.BR seteuid (2),
-.BR setregid (2),
-.BR setreuid (2),
-.BR setresgid (2),
-.BR setresuid (2),
-and
-.BR setgroups (2).
-.\" FIXME .
-.\" Maybe say something about vfork() not being serialized wrt set*id() APIs?
-.\" https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749
-.SH STANDARDS
-For details of the conformance of NPTL to the POSIX standard, see
-.BR pthreads (7).
-.SH NOTES
-POSIX says
-.\" See POSIX.1-2008 specification of pthread_mutexattr_init()
-that any thread in any process with access to the memory
-containing a process-shared
-.RB ( PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED )
-mutex can operate on that mutex.
-However, on 64-bit x86 systems, the mutex definition for x86-64
-is incompatible with the mutex definition for i386,
-.\" See sysdeps/x86/bits/pthreadtypes.h
-meaning that 32-bit and 64-bit binaries can't share mutexes on x86-64 systems.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR credentials (7),
-.BR pthreads (7),
-.BR signal (7),
-.BR standards (7)