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-.\" Copyright (c) 2008, Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
-.\" <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\" and Copyright 2003,2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
-.\" numa_maps material Copyright (c) 2005 Silicon Graphics Incorporated.
-.\" Christoph Lameter, <cl@linux-foundation.org>.
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH numa 7 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-numa \- overview of Non-Uniform Memory Architecture
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) refers to multiprocessor systems
-whose memory is divided into multiple memory nodes.
-The access time of a memory node depends on
-the relative locations of the accessing CPU and the accessed node.
-(This contrasts with a symmetric multiprocessor system,
-where the access time for all of the memory is the same for all CPUs.)
-Normally, each CPU on a NUMA system has a local memory node whose
-contents can be accessed faster than the memory in
-the node local to another CPU
-or the memory on a bus shared by all CPUs.
-.SS NUMA system calls
-The Linux kernel implements the following NUMA-related system calls:
-.BR get_mempolicy (2),
-.BR mbind (2),
-.BR migrate_pages (2),
-.BR move_pages (2),
-and
-.BR set_mempolicy (2).
-However, applications should normally use the interface provided by
-.IR libnuma ;
-see "Library Support" below.
-.SS \fI/proc/\fPpid\fI/numa_maps\fP (since Linux 2.6.14)
-.\" See also Changelog-2.6.14
-This file displays information about a process's
-NUMA memory policy and allocation.
-.P
-Each line contains information about a memory range used by the process,
-displaying\[em]among other information\[em]the effective memory policy for
-that memory range and on which nodes the pages have been allocated.
-.P
-.I numa_maps
-is a read-only file.
-When
-.IR /proc/ pid /numa_maps
-is read, the kernel will scan the virtual address space of the
-process and report how memory is used.
-One line is displayed for each unique memory range of the process.
-.P
-The first field of each line shows the starting address of the memory range.
-This field allows a correlation with the contents of the
-.IR /proc/ pid /maps
-file,
-which contains the end address of the range and other information,
-such as the access permissions and sharing.
-.P
-The second field shows the memory policy currently in effect for the
-memory range.
-Note that the effective policy is not necessarily the policy
-installed by the process for that memory range.
-Specifically, if the process installed a "default" policy for that range,
-the effective policy for that range will be the process policy,
-which may or may not be "default".
-.P
-The rest of the line contains information about the pages allocated in
-the memory range, as follows:
-.TP
-.I N<node>=<nr_pages>
-The number of pages allocated on
-.IR <node> .
-.I <nr_pages>
-includes only pages currently mapped by the process.
-Page migration and memory reclaim may have temporarily unmapped pages
-associated with this memory range.
-These pages may show up again only after the process has
-attempted to reference them.
-If the memory range represents a shared memory area or file mapping,
-other processes may currently have additional pages mapped in a
-corresponding memory range.
-.TP
-.I file=<filename>
-The file backing the memory range.
-If the file is mapped as private, write accesses may have generated
-COW (Copy-On-Write) pages in this memory range.
-These pages are displayed as anonymous pages.
-.TP
-.I heap
-Memory range is used for the heap.
-.TP
-.I stack
-Memory range is used for the stack.
-.TP
-.I huge
-Huge memory range.
-The page counts shown are huge pages and not regular sized pages.
-.TP
-.I anon=<pages>
-The number of anonymous page in the range.
-.TP
-.I dirty=<pages>
-Number of dirty pages.
-.TP
-.I mapped=<pages>
-Total number of mapped pages, if different from
-.I dirty
-and
-.I anon
-pages.
-.TP
-.I mapmax=<count>
-Maximum mapcount (number of processes mapping a single page) encountered
-during the scan.
-This may be used as an indicator of the degree of sharing occurring in a
-given memory range.
-.TP
-.I swapcache=<count>
-Number of pages that have an associated entry on a swap device.
-.TP
-.I active=<pages>
-The number of pages on the active list.
-This field is shown only if different from the number of pages in this range.
-This means that some inactive pages exist in the memory range that may be
-removed from memory by the swapper soon.
-.TP
-.I writeback=<pages>
-Number of pages that are currently being written out to disk.
-.SH STANDARDS
-None.
-.SH NOTES
-The Linux NUMA system calls and
-.I /proc
-interface are available only
-if the kernel was configured and built with the
-.B CONFIG_NUMA
-option.
-.SS Library support
-Link with \fI\-lnuma\fP
-to get the system call definitions.
-.I libnuma
-and the required
-.I <numaif.h>
-header are available in the
-.I numactl
-package.
-.P
-However, applications should not use these system calls directly.
-Instead, the higher level interface provided by the
-.BR numa (3)
-functions in the
-.I numactl
-package is recommended.
-The
-.I numactl
-package is available at
-.UR ftp://oss.sgi.com\:/www\:/projects\:/libnuma\:/download/
-.UE .
-The package is also included in some Linux distributions.
-Some distributions include the development library and header
-in the separate
-.I numactl\-devel
-package.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR get_mempolicy (2),
-.BR mbind (2),
-.BR move_pages (2),
-.BR set_mempolicy (2),
-.BR numa (3),
-.BR cpuset (7),
-.BR numactl (8)