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diff --git a/man7/standards.7 b/man7/standards.7 deleted file mode 100644 index a058b92..0000000 --- a/man7/standards.7 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,307 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2006, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.\" -.TH standards 7 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -standards \- C and UNIX Standards -.SH DESCRIPTION -The STANDARDS section that appears in many manual pages identifies -various standards to which the documented interface conforms. -The following list briefly describes these standards. -.TP -.B V7 -Version 7 (also known as Seventh Edition) UNIX, -released by AT&T/Bell Labs in 1979. -After this point, UNIX systems diverged into two main dialects: -BSD and System V. -.TP -.B 4.2BSD -This is an implementation standard defined by the 4.2 release -of the -.IR "Berkeley Software Distribution", -released by the University of California at Berkeley. -This was the first Berkeley release that contained a TCP/IP -stack and the sockets API. -4.2BSD was released in 1983. -.IP -Earlier major BSD releases included -.I 3BSD -(1980), -.I 4BSD -(1980), -and -.I 4.1BSD -(1981). -.TP -.B 4.3BSD -The successor to 4.2BSD, released in 1986. -.TP -.B 4.4BSD -The successor to 4.3BSD, released in 1993. -This was the last major Berkeley release. -.TP -.B System V -This is an implementation standard defined by AT&T's milestone 1983 -release of its commercial System V (five) release. -The previous major AT&T release was -.IR "System III" , -released in 1981. -.TP -.B System V release 2 (SVr2) -This was the next System V release, made in 1985. -The SVr2 was formally described in the -.I "System V Interface Definition version 1" -.RI ( "SVID 1" ) -published in 1985. -.TP -.B System V release 3 (SVr3) -This was the successor to SVr2, released in 1986. -This release was formally described in the -.I "System V Interface Definition version 2" -.RI ( "SVID 2" ). -.TP -.B System V release 4 (SVr4) -This was the successor to SVr3, released in 1989. -This version of System V is described in the "Programmer's Reference -Manual: Operating System API (Intel processors)" (Prentice-Hall -1992, ISBN 0-13-951294-2) -This release was formally described in the -.I "System V Interface Definition version 3" -.RI ( "SVID 3" ), -and is considered the definitive System V release. -.TP -.B SVID 4 -System V Interface Definition version 4, issued in 1995. -Available online at -.UR http://www.sco.com\:/developers\:/devspecs/ -.UE . -.TP -.B C89 -This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI -(American National Standards Institute) in 1989 -.RI ( X3.159-1989 ). -Sometimes this is known as -.IR "ANSI C" , -but since C99 is also an -ANSI standard, this term is ambiguous. -This standard was also ratified by -ISO (International Standards Organization) in 1990 -.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1990" ), -and is thus occasionally referred to as -.IR "ISO C90" . -.TP -.B C99 -This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 1999 -.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1999" ). -Available online at -.UR http://www.open\-std.org\:/jtc1\:/sc22\:/wg14\:/www\:/standards -.UE . -.TP -.B C11 -This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 2011 -.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:2011" ). -.TP -.B LFS -The Large File Summit specification, completed in 1996. -This specification defined mechanisms that allowed 32-bit systems -to support the use of large files (i.e., 64-bit file offsets). -See -.UR https://www.opengroup.org\:/platform\:/lfs.html -.UE . -.TP -.B POSIX.1-1988 -This was the first POSIX standard, -ratified by IEEE as IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, -and subsequently adopted (with minor revisions) as an ISO standard in 1990. -The term "POSIX" was coined by Richard Stallman. -.TP -.B POSIX.1-1990 -"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments". -IEEE 1003.1-1990 part 1, ratified by ISO in 1990 -.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990" ). -.TP -.B POSIX.2 -IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, -describing commands and utilities, ratified by ISO in 1993 -.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993" ). -.TP -.BR POSIX.1b " (formerly known as \fIPOSIX.4\fP)" -IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, -describing real-time facilities -for portable operating systems, ratified by ISO in 1996 -.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996" ). -.TP -.BR POSIX.1c " (formerly known as \fIPOSIX.4a\fP)" -IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995, which describes the POSIX threads interfaces. -.TP -.B POSIX.1d -IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999, which describes additional real-time extensions. -.TP -.B POSIX.1g -IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000, which describes networking APIs (including sockets). -.TP -.B POSIX.1j -IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000, which describes advanced real-time extensions. -.TP -.B POSIX.1-1996 -A 1996 revision of POSIX.1 which incorporated POSIX.1b and POSIX.1c. -.TP -.B XPG3 -Released in 1989, this was the first release of the X/Open -Portability Guide to be based on a POSIX standard (POSIX.1-1988). -This multivolume guide was developed by the X/Open Group, -a multivendor consortium. -.TP -.B XPG4 -A revision of the X/Open Portability Guide, released in 1992. -This revision incorporated POSIX.2. -.TP -.B XPG4v2 -A 1994 revision of XPG4. -This is also referred to as -.IR "Spec 1170" , -where 1170 referred to the number of interfaces -defined by this standard. -.TP -.B "SUS (SUSv1)" -Single UNIX Specification. -This was a repackaging of XPG4v2 and other X/Open standards -(X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2, -X/Open Networking Service (XNS) Issue 4). -Systems conforming to this standard can be branded -.IR "UNIX 95" . -.TP -.B SUSv2 -Single UNIX Specification version 2. -Sometimes also referred to (incorrectly) as -.IR XPG5 . -This standard appeared in 1997. -Systems conforming to this standard can be branded -.IR "UNIX 98" . -See also -.UR http://www.unix.org\:/version2/ -.UE .) -.TP -.B POSIX.1-2001 -.TQ -.B SUSv3 -This was a 2001 revision and consolidation of the -POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and SUS standards into a single document, -conducted under the auspices of the Austin Group -.UR http://www.opengroup.org\:/austin/ -.UE . -The standard is available online at -.UR http://www.unix.org\:/version3/ -.UE . -.IP -The standard defines two levels of conformance: -.IR "POSIX conformance" , -which is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system; -and -.IR "XSI Conformance", -which additionally mandates a set of interfaces -(the "XSI extension") which are only optional for POSIX conformance. -XSI-conformant systems can be branded -.IR "UNIX 03" . -.IP -The POSIX.1-2001 document is broken into four parts: -.IP -.BR XBD : -Definitions, terms, and concepts, header file specifications. -.IP -.BR XSH : -Specifications of functions (i.e., system calls and library -functions in actual implementations). -.IP -.BR XCU : -Specifications of commands and utilities -(i.e., the area formerly described by POSIX.2). -.IP -.BR XRAT : -Informative text on the other parts of the standard. -.IP -POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the -library functions standardized in C99 are also -standardized in POSIX.1-2001. -.IP -The Single UNIX Specification version 3 (SUSv3) comprises the -Base Specifications containing XBD, XSH, XCU, and XRAT as above, -plus X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2 as an extra volume that is -not in POSIX.1-2001. -.IP -Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements) -of the original 2001 standard have occurred: -TC1 in 2003 -and TC2 in 2004. -.TP -.B POSIX.1-2008 -.TQ -.B SUSv4 -Work on the next revision of POSIX.1/SUS was completed and -ratified in 2008. -The standard is available online at -.UR http://www.unix.org\:/version4/ -.UE . -.IP -The changes in this revision are not as large as those -that occurred for POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3, -but a number of new interfaces are added -and various details of existing specifications are modified. -Many of the interfaces that were optional in -POSIX.1-2001 become mandatory in the 2008 revision of the standard. -A few interfaces that are present in POSIX.1-2001 are marked -as obsolete in POSIX.1-2008, or removed from the standard altogether. -.IP -The revised standard is structured in the same way as its predecessor. -The Single UNIX Specification version 4 (SUSv4) comprises the -Base Specifications containing XBD, XSH, XCU, and XRAT, -plus X/Open Curses Issue 7 as an extra volume that is -not in POSIX.1-2008. -.IP -Again there are two levels of conformance: the baseline -.IR "POSIX Conformance" , -and -.IR "XSI Conformance" , -which mandates an additional set of interfaces -beyond those in the base specification. -.IP -In general, where the STANDARDS section of a manual page -lists POSIX.1-2001, it can be assumed that the interface also -conforms to POSIX.1-2008, unless otherwise noted. -.IP -Technical Corrigendum 1 (minor fixes and improvements) -of this standard was released in 2013. -.IP -Technical Corrigendum 2 of this standard was released in 2016. -.IP -Further information can be found on the Austin Group web site, -.UR http://www.opengroup.org\:/austin/ -.UE . -.TP -.B SUSv4 2016 edition -This is equivalent to POSIX.1-2008, with the addition of -Technical Corrigenda 1 and 2 and the XCurses specification. -.TP -.B POSIX.1-2017 -This revision of POSIX is technically identical to POSIX.1-2008 with -Technical Corrigenda 1 and 2 applied. -.TP -.B SUSv4 2018 edition -This is equivalent to POSIX.1-2017, with the addition of -the XCurses specification. -.P -The interfaces documented in POSIX.1/SUS are available as -manual pages under sections 0p (header files), 1p (commands), -and 3p (functions); -thus one can write "man 3p open". -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR getconf (1), -.BR confstr (3), -.BR pathconf (3), -.BR sysconf (3), -.BR attributes (7), -.BR feature_test_macros (7), -.BR libc (7), -.BR posixoptions (7), -.BR system_data_types (7) |