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-.\" This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-.\" 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-.TH zdump 8 "" "Time Zone Database"
-.SH NAME
-zdump \- timezone dumper
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B zdump
-[
-.I option
-\&... ] [
-.I timezone
-\&... ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.ie '\(lq'' .ds lq \&"\"
-.el .ds lq \(lq\"
-.ie '\(rq'' .ds rq \&"\"
-.el .ds rq \(rq\"
-.de q
-\\$3\*(lq\\$1\*(rq\\$2
-..
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
-The
-.B zdump
-program prints the current time in each
-.I timezone
-named on the command line.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \*-\*-version
-Output version information and exit.
-.TP
-.B \*-\*-help
-Output short usage message and exit.
-.TP
-.B \*-i
-Output a description of time intervals. For each
-.I timezone
-on the command line, output an interval-format description of the
-timezone. See
-.q "INTERVAL FORMAT"
-below.
-.TP
-.B \*-v
-Output a verbose description of time intervals.
-For each
-.I timezone
-on the command line,
-print the times at the two extreme time values,
-the times (if present) at and just beyond the boundaries of years that
-.BR localtime (3)
-and
-.BR gmtime (3)
-can represent, and
-the times both one second before and exactly at
-each detected time discontinuity.
-Each line is followed by
-.BI isdst= D
-where
-.I D
-is positive, zero, or negative depending on whether
-the given time is daylight saving time, standard time,
-or an unknown time type, respectively.
-Each line is also followed by
-.BI gmtoff= N
-if the given local time is known to be
-.I N
-seconds east of Greenwich.
-.TP
-.B \*-V
-Like
-.BR \*-v ,
-except omit output concerning extreme time and year values.
-This generates output that is easier to compare to that of
-implementations with different time representations.
-.TP
-.BI "\*-c " \fR[\fIloyear , \fR]\fIhiyear
-Cut off interval output at the given year(s).
-Cutoff times are computed using the proleptic Gregorian calendar with year 0
-and with Universal Time (UT) ignoring leap seconds.
-Cutoffs are at the start of each year, where the lower-bound
-timestamp is inclusive and the upper is exclusive; for example,
-.B "\*-c 1970,2070"
-selects transitions on or after 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
-and before 2070-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
-The default cutoff is
-.BR \*-500,2500 .
-.TP
-.BI "\*-t " \fR[\fIlotime , \fR]\fIhitime
-Cut off interval output at the given time(s),
-given in decimal seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00
-Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
-The
-.I timezone
-determines whether the count includes leap seconds.
-As with
-.BR \*-c ,
-the cutoff's lower bound is inclusive and its upper bound is exclusive.
-.SH "INTERVAL FORMAT"
-The interval format is a compact text representation that is intended
-to be both human- and machine-readable. It consists of an empty line,
-then a line
-.q "TZ=\fIstring\fP"
-where
-.I string
-is a double-quoted string giving the timezone, a second line
-.q "\*- \*- \fIinterval\fP"
-describing the time interval before the first transition if any, and
-zero or more following lines
-.q "\fIdate time interval\fP",
-one line for each transition time and following interval. Fields are
-separated by single tabs.
-.PP
-Dates are in
-.IR yyyy - mm - dd
-format and times are in 24-hour
-.IR hh : mm : ss
-format where
-.IR hh <24.
-Times are in local time immediately after the transition. A
-time interval description consists of a UT offset in signed
-.RI \(+- hhmmss
-format, a time zone abbreviation, and an isdst flag. An abbreviation
-that equals the UT offset is omitted; other abbreviations are
-double-quoted strings unless they consist of one or more alphabetic
-characters. An isdst flag is omitted for standard time, and otherwise
-is a decimal integer that is unsigned and positive (typically 1) for
-daylight saving time and negative for unknown.
-.PP
-In times and in UT offsets with absolute value less than 100 hours,
-the seconds are omitted if they are zero, and
-the minutes are also omitted if they are also zero. Positive UT
-offsets are east of Greenwich. The UT offset \*-00 denotes a UT
-placeholder in areas where the actual offset is unspecified; by
-convention, this occurs when the UT offset is zero and the time zone
-abbreviation begins with
-.q "\*-"
-or is
-.q "zzz".
-.PP
-In double-quoted strings, escape sequences represent unusual
-characters. The escape sequences are \es for space, and \e", \e\e,
-\ef, \en, \er, \et, and \ev with their usual meaning in the C
-programming language. E.g., the double-quoted string
-\*(lq"CET\es\e"\e\e"\*(rq represents the character sequence \*(lqCET
-"\e\*(rq.\""
-.PP
-.ne 9
-Here is an example of the output, with the leading empty line omitted.
-(This example is shown with tab stops set far enough apart so that the
-tabbed columns line up.)
-.nf
-.sp
-.if \n(.g .ft CR
-.in +2
-.nr w \w'1896-01-13 'u+\n(.i
-.ta \w'1896-01-13\0\0'u +\w'12:01:26\0\0'u +\w'-103126\0\0'u +\w'HWT\0\0'u
-TZ="Pacific/Honolulu"
-- - -103126 LMT
-1896-01-13 12:01:26 -1030 HST
-1933-04-30 03 -0930 HDT 1
-1933-05-21 11 -1030 HST
-1942-02-09 03 -0930 HWT 1
-1945-08-14 13:30 -0930 HPT 1
-1945-09-30 01 -1030 HST
-1947-06-08 02:30 -10 HST
-.in
-.if \n(.g .ft
-.sp
-.fi
-Here, local time begins 10 hours, 31 minutes and 26 seconds west of
-UT, and is a standard time abbreviated LMT. Immediately after the
-first transition, the date is 1896-01-13 and the time is 12:01:26, and
-the following time interval is 10.5 hours west of UT, a standard time
-abbreviated HST. Immediately after the second transition, the date is
-1933-04-30 and the time is 03:00:00 and the following time interval is
-9.5 hours west of UT, is abbreviated HDT, and is daylight saving time.
-Immediately after the last transition the date is 1947-06-08 and the
-time is 02:30:00, and the following time interval is 10 hours west of
-UT, a standard time abbreviated HST.
-.PP
-.ne 10
-Here are excerpts from another example:
-.nf
-.sp
-.if \n(.g .ft CR
-.if t .in +.5i
-.if n .in +2
-TZ="Europe/Astrakhan"
-- - +031212 LMT
-1924-04-30 23:47:48 +03
-1930-06-21 01 +04
-1981-04-01 01 +05 1
-1981-09-30 23 +04
-\&...
-2014-10-26 01 +03
-2016-03-27 03 +04
-.in
-.if \n(.g .ft
-.sp
-.fi
-This time zone is east of UT, so its UT offsets are positive. Also,
-many of its time zone abbreviations are omitted since they duplicate
-the text of the UT offset.
-.SH LIMITATIONS
-Time discontinuities are found by sampling the results returned by
-.BR localtime (3)
-at twelve-hour intervals.
-This works in all real-world cases;
-one can construct artificial time zones for which this fails.
-.PP
-In the
-.B \*-v
-and
-.B \*-V
-output,
-.q "UT"
-denotes the value returned by
-.BR gmtime (3),
-which uses UTC for modern timestamps and some other UT flavor for
-timestamps that predate the introduction of UTC.
-No attempt is currently made to have the output use
-.q "UTC"
-for newer and
-.q "UT"
-for older timestamps, partly because the exact date of the
-introduction of UTC is problematic.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR tzfile (5),
-.BR zic (8)