From 3d08cd331c1adcf0d917392f7e527b3f00511748 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Baumann Date: Fri, 24 May 2024 06:52:22 +0200 Subject: Merging upstream version 6.8. Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann --- man1 | 1 + man1/getent.1 | 387 ------------------------------------------------ man1/iconv.1 | 204 -------------------------- man1/intro.1 | 305 -------------------------------------- man1/ldd.1 | 180 ----------------------- man1/locale.1 | 208 -------------------------- man1/localedef.1 | 415 ---------------------------------------------------- man1/memusage.1 | 262 --------------------------------- man1/memusagestat.1 | 73 --------- man1/mtrace.1 | 47 ------ man1/pldd.1 | 105 ------------- man1/sprof.1 | 282 ----------------------------------- man1/time.1 | 329 ----------------------------------------- 13 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 2797 deletions(-) create mode 120000 man1 delete mode 100644 man1/getent.1 delete mode 100644 man1/iconv.1 delete mode 100644 man1/intro.1 delete mode 100644 man1/ldd.1 delete mode 100644 man1/locale.1 delete mode 100644 man1/localedef.1 delete mode 100644 man1/memusage.1 delete mode 100644 man1/memusagestat.1 delete mode 100644 man1/mtrace.1 delete mode 100644 man1/pldd.1 delete mode 100644 man1/sprof.1 delete mode 100644 man1/time.1 (limited to 'man1') diff --git a/man1 b/man1 new file mode 120000 index 0000000..33666e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/man1 @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +man/man1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/man1/getent.1 b/man1/getent.1 deleted file mode 100644 index d1cd5a9..0000000 --- a/man1/getent.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,387 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2011, Mark R. Bannister -.\" Copyright (c) 2015, Robin H. Johnson -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.\" -.TH getent 1 2023-11-01 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -getent \- get entries from Name Service Switch libraries -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.B getent [\fIoption\fP]... \fIdatabase\fP \fIkey\fP... -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B getent -command displays entries from databases supported by the -Name Service Switch libraries, -which are configured in -.IR /etc/nsswitch.conf . -If one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, -then only the entries that match the supplied keys will be displayed. -Otherwise, if no -.I key -is provided, all entries will be displayed (unless the database does not -support enumeration). -.P -The -.I database -may be any of those supported by the GNU C Library, listed below: -.TP -.B ahosts -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR sethostent (3), -.BR gethostent (3), -and -.BR endhostent (3) -to enumerate the hosts database. -This is identical to using -.BR hosts (5). -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -in succession to -.BR getaddrinfo (3) -with the address family -.BR AF_UNSPEC , -enumerating each socket address structure returned. -.TP -.B ahostsv4 -Same as -.BR ahosts , -but use the address family -.BR AF_INET . -.TP -.B ahostsv6 -Same as -.BR ahosts , -but use the address family -.BR AF_INET6 . -The call to -.BR getaddrinfo (3) -in this case includes the -.B AI_V4MAPPED -flag. -.TP -.B aliases -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setaliasent (3), -.BR getaliasent (3), -and -.BR endaliasent (3) -to enumerate the aliases database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -in succession to -.BR getaliasbyname (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B ethers -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -in succession to -.BR ether_aton (3) -and -.BR ether_hostton (3) -until a result is obtained, and display the result. -Enumeration is not supported on -.BR ethers , -so a -.I key -must be provided. -.TP -.B group -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setgrent (3), -.BR getgrent (3), -and -.BR endgrent (3) -to enumerate the group database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each numeric -.I key -to -.BR getgrgid (3) -and each nonnumeric -.I key -to -.BR getgrnam (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B gshadow -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setsgent (3), -.BR getsgent (3), -and -.BR endsgent (3) -to enumerate the gshadow database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -in succession to -.BR getsgnam (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B hosts -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR sethostent (3), -.BR gethostent (3), -and -.BR endhostent (3) -to enumerate the hosts database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -to -.BR gethostbyaddr (3) -or -.BR gethostbyname2 (3), -depending on whether a call to -.BR inet_pton (3) -indicates that the -.I key -is an IPv6 or IPv4 address or not, and display the result. -.TP -.B initgroups -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -in succession to -.BR getgrouplist (3) -and display the result. -Enumeration is not supported on -.BR initgroups , -so a -.I key -must be provided. -.TP -.B netgroup -When one -.I key -is provided, pass the -.I key -to -.BR setnetgrent (3) -and, using -.BR getnetgrent (3) -display the resulting string triple -.RI ( hostname ", " username ", " domainname ). -Alternatively, three -.I keys -may be provided, which are interpreted as the -.IR hostname , -.IR username , -and -.I domainname -to match to a netgroup name via -.BR innetgr (3). -Enumeration is not supported on -.BR netgroup , -so either one or three -.I keys -must be provided. -.TP -.B networks -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setnetent (3), -.BR getnetent (3), -and -.BR endnetent (3) -to enumerate the networks database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each numeric -.I key -to -.BR getnetbyaddr (3) -and each nonnumeric -.I key -to -.BR getnetbyname (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B passwd -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setpwent (3), -.BR getpwent (3), -and -.BR endpwent (3) -to enumerate the passwd database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each numeric -.I key -to -.BR getpwuid (3) -and each nonnumeric -.I key -to -.BR getpwnam (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B protocols -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setprotoent (3), -.BR getprotoent (3), -and -.BR endprotoent (3) -to enumerate the protocols database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each numeric -.I key -to -.BR getprotobynumber (3) -and each nonnumeric -.I key -to -.BR getprotobyname (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B rpc -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setrpcent (3), -.BR getrpcent (3), -and -.BR endrpcent (3) -to enumerate the rpc database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each numeric -.I key -to -.BR getrpcbynumber (3) -and each nonnumeric -.I key -to -.BR getrpcbyname (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B services -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setservent (3), -.BR getservent (3), -and -.BR endservent (3) -to enumerate the services database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each numeric -.I key -to -.BR getservbynumber (3) -and each nonnumeric -.I key -to -.BR getservbyname (3) -and display the result. -.TP -.B shadow -When no -.I key -is provided, use -.BR setspent (3), -.BR getspent (3), -and -.BR endspent (3) -to enumerate the shadow database. -When one or more -.I key -arguments are provided, pass each -.I key -in succession to -.BR getspnam (3) -and display the result. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BI \-\-service\~ service -.TQ -.BI \-s\~ service -.\" commit 9d0881aa76b399e6a025c5cf44bebe2ae0efa8af (glibc) -Override all databases with the specified service. -(Since glibc 2.2.5.) -.TP -.BI \-\-service\~ database : service -.TQ -.BI \-s\~ database : service -.\" commit b4f6f4be85d32b9c03361c38376e36f08100e3e8 (glibc) -Override only specified databases with the specified service. -The option may be used multiple times, -but only the last service for each database will be used. -(Since glibc 2.4.) -.TP -.B \-\-no\-idn -.TQ -.B \-i -.\" commit a160f8d808cf8020b13bd0ef4a9eaf3c11f964ad (glibc) -Disables IDN encoding in lookups for -.BR ahosts / getaddrinfo (3) -(Since glibc-2.13.) -.TP -.B \-\-help -.TQ -.B \-? -Print a usage summary and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Print a short usage summary and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -.TQ -.B \-V -Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for -.BR getent . -.SH EXIT STATUS -One of the following exit values can be returned by -.BR getent : -.TP -.B 0 -Command completed successfully. -.TP -.B 1 -Missing arguments, or -.I database -unknown. -.TP -.B 2 -One or more supplied -.I key -could not be found in the -.IR database . -.TP -.B 3 -Enumeration not supported on this -.IR database . -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR nsswitch.conf (5) diff --git a/man1/iconv.1 b/man1/iconv.1 deleted file mode 100644 index d1e10f8..0000000 --- a/man1/iconv.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,204 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Marko Myllynen -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.\" -.TH iconv 1 2024-01-28 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -iconv \- convert text from one character encoding to another -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B iconv -.RI [ options ] -.RI "[\-f " from-encoding "]" -.RI "[\-t " to-encoding "]" -.RI [ inputfile ]... -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B iconv -program reads in text in one encoding and outputs the text in another -encoding. -If no input files are given, or if it is given as a dash (\-), -.B iconv -reads from standard input. -If no output file is given, -.B iconv -writes to standard output. -.P -If no -.I from-encoding -is given, the default is derived -from the current locale's character encoding. -If no -.I to-encoding -is given, the default is derived -from the current locale's character -encoding. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BI \-\-from\-code= from-encoding -.TQ -.BI \-f\~ from-encoding -Use -.I from-encoding -for input characters. -.TP -.BI \-\-to\-code= to-encoding -.TQ -.BI \-t\~ to-encoding -Use -.I to-encoding -for output characters. -.IP -If the string -.B //IGNORE -is appended to -.IR to-encoding , -characters that cannot be converted are discarded and an error is -printed after conversion. -.IP -If the string -.B //TRANSLIT -is appended to -.IR to-encoding , -characters being converted are transliterated when needed and possible. -This means that when a character cannot be represented in the target -character set, it can be approximated through one or several similar -looking characters. -Characters that are outside of the target character set and cannot be -transliterated are replaced with a question mark (?) in the output. -.TP -.B \-\-list -.TQ -.B \-l -List all known character set encodings. -.TP -.B \-c -Silently discard characters that cannot be converted instead of -terminating when encountering such characters. -.TP -.BI \-\-output= outputfile -.TQ -.BI \-o\~ outputfile -Use -.I outputfile -for output. -.TP -.B \-\-silent -.TQ -.B \-s -This option is ignored; it is provided only for compatibility. -.TP -.B \-\-verbose -Print progress information on standard error when processing -multiple files. -.TP -.B \-\-help -.TQ -.B \-? -Print a usage summary and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Print a short usage summary and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -.TQ -.B \-V -Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for -.BR iconv . -.SH EXIT STATUS -Zero on success, nonzero on errors. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -Internally, the -.B iconv -program uses the -.BR iconv (3) -function which in turn uses -.I gconv -modules (dynamically loaded shared libraries) -to convert to and from a character set. -Before calling -.BR iconv (3), -the -.B iconv -program must first allocate a conversion descriptor using -.BR iconv_open (3). -The operation of the latter function is influenced by the setting of the -.B GCONV_PATH -environment variable: -.IP \[bu] 3 -If -.B GCONV_PATH -is not set, -.BR iconv_open (3) -loads the system gconv module configuration cache file created by -.BR iconvconfig (8) -and then, based on the configuration, -loads the gconv modules needed to perform the conversion. -If the system gconv module configuration cache file is not available -then the system gconv module configuration file is used. -.IP \[bu] -If -.B GCONV_PATH -is defined (as a colon-separated list of pathnames), -the system gconv module configuration cache is not used. -Instead, -.BR iconv_open (3) -first tries to load the configuration files by searching the directories in -.B GCONV_PATH -in order, -followed by the system default gconv module configuration file. -If a directory does not contain a gconv module configuration file, -any gconv modules that it may contain are ignored. -If a directory contains a gconv module configuration file -and it is determined that a module needed for this conversion is -available in the directory, -then the needed module is loaded from that directory, -the order being such that the first suitable module found in -.B GCONV_PATH -is used. -This allows users to use custom modules and even replace system-provided -modules by providing such modules in -.B GCONV_PATH -directories. -.SH FILES -.TP -.I /usr/lib/gconv -Usual default gconv module path. -.TP -.I /usr/lib/gconv/gconv\-modules -Usual system default gconv module configuration file. -.TP -.I /usr/lib/gconv/gconv\-modules.cache -Usual system gconv module configuration cache. -.P -Depending on the architecture, -the above files may instead be located at directories with the path prefix -.IR /usr/lib64 . -.SH STANDARDS -POSIX.1-2008. -.SH HISTORY -POSIX.1-2001. -.SH EXAMPLES -Convert text from the ISO/IEC\~8859-15 character encoding to UTF-8: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBiconv \-f ISO\-8859\-15 \-t UTF\-8 < input.txt > output.txt\fP -.EE -.in -.P -The next example converts from UTF-8 to ASCII, transliterating when -possible: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBecho abc ß α € àḃç | iconv \-f UTF\-8 \-t ASCII//TRANSLIT\fP -abc ss ? EUR abc -.EE -.in -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR locale (1), -.BR uconv (1), -.BR iconv (3), -.BR nl_langinfo (3), -.BR charsets (7), -.BR iconvconfig (8) diff --git a/man1/intro.1 b/man1/intro.1 deleted file mode 100644 index bf8a1fe..0000000 --- a/man1/intro.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,305 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Andries Brouwer -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.TH intro 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -intro \- introduction to user commands -.SH DESCRIPTION -Section 1 of the manual describes user commands and tools, -for example, file manipulation tools, shells, compilers, -web browsers, file and image viewers and editors, and so on. -.SH NOTES -Linux is a flavor of UNIX, and as a first approximation -all user commands under UNIX work precisely the same under -Linux (and FreeBSD and lots of other UNIX-like systems). -.P -Under Linux, there are GUIs (graphical user interfaces), where you -can point and click and drag, and hopefully get work done without -first reading lots of documentation. -The traditional UNIX environment -is a CLI (command line interface), where you type commands to -tell the computer what to do. -That is faster and more powerful, -but requires finding out what the commands are. -Below a bare minimum, to get started. -.SS Login -In order to start working, you probably first have to open a session by -giving your username and password. -The program -.BR login (1) -now starts a -.I shell -(command interpreter) for you. -In case of a graphical login, you get a screen with menus or icons -and a mouse click will start a shell in a window. -See also -.BR xterm (1). -.SS The shell -One types commands to the -.IR shell , -the command interpreter. -It is not built-in, but is just a program -and you can change your shell. -Everybody has their own favorite one. -The standard one is called -.IR sh . -See also -.BR ash (1), -.BR bash (1), -.BR chsh (1), -.BR csh (1), -.BR dash (1), -.BR ksh (1), -.BR zsh (1). -.P -A session might go like: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -.RB "knuth login: " aeb -.RB "Password: " ******** -.RB "$ " date -Tue Aug 6 23:50:44 CEST 2002 -.RB "$ " cal - August 2002 -Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa - 1 2 3 - 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -18 19 20 21 22 23 24 -25 26 27 28 29 30 31 -\& -.RB "$ " ls -bin tel -.RB "$ " "ls \-l" -total 2 -drwxrwxr\-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -\-rw\-rw\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel -.RB "$ " "cat tel" -maja 0501\-1136285 -peter 0136\-7399214 -.RB "$ " "cp tel tel2" -.RB "$ " "ls \-l" -total 3 -drwxr\-xr\-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel -\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2 -.RB "$ " "mv tel tel1" -.RB "$ " "ls \-l" -total 3 -drwxr\-xr\-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin -\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:52 tel1 -\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\- 1 aeb 37 Aug 6 23:53 tel2 -.RB "$ " "diff tel1 tel2" -.RB "$ " "rm tel1" -.RB "$ " "grep maja tel2" -maja 0501\-1136285 -$ -.EE -.in -.P -Here typing Control-D ended the session. -.P -The -.B $ -here was the command prompt\[em]it is the shell's way of indicating -that it is ready for the next command. -The prompt can be customized -in lots of ways, and one might include stuff like username, -machine name, current directory, time, and so on. -An assignment PS1="What next, master? " -would change the prompt as indicated. -.P -We see that there are commands -.I date -(that gives date and time), and -.I cal -(that gives a calendar). -.P -The command -.I ls -lists the contents of the current directory\[em]it tells you what -files you have. -With a -.I \-l -option it gives a long listing, -that includes the owner and size and date of the file, and the -permissions people have for reading and/or changing the file. -For example, the file "tel" here is 37 bytes long, owned by aeb -and the owner can read and write it, others can only read it. -Owner and permissions can be changed by the commands -.I chown -and -.IR chmod . -.P -The command -.I cat -will show the contents of a file. -(The name is from "concatenate and print": all files given as -parameters are concatenated and sent to "standard output" -(see -.BR stdout (3)), -here -the terminal screen.) -.P -The command -.I cp -(from "copy") will copy a file. -.P -The command -.I mv -(from "move"), on the other hand, only renames it. -.P -The command -.I diff -lists the differences between two files. -Here there was no output because there were no differences. -.P -The command -.I rm -(from "remove") deletes the file, and be careful! it is gone. -No wastepaper basket or anything. -Deleted means lost. -.P -The command -.I grep -(from "g/re/p") finds occurrences of a string in one or more files. -Here it finds Maja's telephone number. -.SS Pathnames and the current directory -Files live in a large tree, the file hierarchy. -Each has a -.I "pathname" -describing the path from the root of the tree (which is called -.IR / ) -to the file. -For example, such a full pathname might be -.IR /home/aeb/tel . -Always using full pathnames would be inconvenient, and the name -of a file in the current directory may be abbreviated by giving -only the last component. -That is why -.I /home/aeb/tel -can be abbreviated -to -.I tel -when the current directory is -.IR /home/aeb . -.P -The command -.I pwd -prints the current directory. -.P -The command -.I cd -changes the current directory. -.P -Try alternatively -.I cd -and -.I pwd -commands and explore -.I cd -usage: "cd", "cd .", "cd ..", "cd /", and "cd \[ti]". -.SS Directories -The command -.I mkdir -makes a new directory. -.P -The command -.I rmdir -removes a directory if it is empty, and complains otherwise. -.P -The command -.I find -(with a rather baroque syntax) will find files with given name -or other properties. -For example, "find . \-name tel" would find -the file -.I tel -starting in the present directory (which is called -.IR . ). -And "find / \-name tel" would do the same, but starting at the root -of the tree. -Large searches on a multi-GB disk will be time-consuming, -and it may be better to use -.BR locate (1). -.SS Disks and filesystems -The command -.I mount -will attach the filesystem found on some disk (or floppy, or CDROM or so) -to the big filesystem hierarchy. -And -.I umount -detaches it again. -The command -.I df -will tell you how much of your disk is still free. -.SS Processes -On a UNIX system many user and system processes run simultaneously. -The one you are talking to runs in the -.IR foreground , -the others in the -.IR background . -The command -.I ps -will show you which processes are active and what numbers these -processes have. -The command -.I kill -allows you to get rid of them. -Without option this is a friendly -request: please go away. -And "kill \-9" followed by the number -of the process is an immediate kill. -Foreground processes can often be killed by typing Control-C. -.SS Getting information -There are thousands of commands, each with many options. -Traditionally commands are documented on -.IR "man pages" , -(like this one), so that the command "man kill" will document -the use of the command "kill" (and "man man" document the command "man"). -The program -.I man -sends the text through some -.IR pager , -usually -.IR less . -Hit the space bar to get the next page, hit q to quit. -.P -In documentation it is customary to refer to man pages -by giving the name and section number, as in -.BR man (1). -Man pages are terse, and allow you to find quickly some forgotten -detail. -For newcomers an introductory text with more examples -and explanations is useful. -.P -A lot of GNU/FSF software is provided with info files. -Type "info info" -for an introduction on the use of the program -.IR info . -.P -Special topics are often treated in HOWTOs. -Look in -.I /usr/share/doc/howto/en -and use a browser if you find HTML files there. -.\" -.\" Actual examples? Separate section for each of cat, cp, ...? -.\" gzip, bzip2, tar, rpm -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR ash (1), -.BR bash (1), -.BR chsh (1), -.BR csh (1), -.BR dash (1), -.BR ksh (1), -.BR locate (1), -.BR login (1), -.BR man (1), -.BR xterm (1), -.BR zsh (1), -.BR wait (2), -.BR stdout (3), -.BR man\-pages (7), -.BR standards (7) diff --git a/man1/ldd.1 b/man1/ldd.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 7375d99..0000000 --- a/man1/ldd.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,180 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1995-2000 David Engel (david@ods.com) -.\" Copyright 1995 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) -.\" Copyright 2000 Ben Collins (bcollins@debian.org) -.\" Redone for glibc 2.2 -.\" Copyright 2000 Jakub Jelinek (jakub@redhat.com) -.\" Corrected. -.\" and Copyright (C) 2012, 2016, Michael Kerrisk -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0-or-later -.\" -.TH ldd 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -ldd \- print shared object dependencies -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR ldd " [\fIoption\fP]... \fIfile\fP..." -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B ldd -prints the shared objects (shared libraries) required by each program or -shared object specified on the command line. -An example of its use and output -is the following: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBldd /bin/ls\fP - linux\-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000) - libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000) - libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000) - libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000) - libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000) - libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000) - /lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000) - libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000) - libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000) -.EE -.in -.P -In the usual case, -.B ldd -invokes the standard dynamic linker (see -.BR ld.so (8)) -with the -.B LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS -environment variable set to 1. -This causes the dynamic linker to inspect the program's dynamic dependencies, -and find (according to the rules described in -.BR ld.so (8)) -and load the objects that satisfy those dependencies. -For each dependency, -.B ldd -displays the location of the matching object -and the (hexadecimal) address at which it is loaded. -(The -.I linux\-vdso -and -.I ld\-linux -shared dependencies are special; see -.BR vdso (7) -and -.BR ld.so (8).) -.\" -.SS Security -Be aware that in some circumstances -(e.g., where the program specifies an ELF interpreter other than -.IR ld\-linux.so ), -.\" The circumstances are where the program has an interpreter -.\" other than ld-linux.so. In this case, ldd tries to execute the -.\" program directly with LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1, with the -.\" result that the program interpreter gets control, and can do -.\" what it likes, or pass control to the program itself. -.\" Much more detail at -.\" http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/ -some versions of -.B ldd -may attempt to obtain the dependency information -by attempting to directly execute the program, -which may lead to the execution of whatever code is defined -in the program's ELF interpreter, -and perhaps to execution of the program itself. -.\" Mainline glibc's ldd allows this possibility (the line -.\" try_trace "$file" -.\" in glibc 2.15, for example), but many distro versions of -.\" ldd seem to remove that code path from the script. -(Before glibc 2.27, -.\" glibc commit eedca9772e99c72ab4c3c34e43cc764250aa3e3c -the upstream -.B ldd -implementation did this for example, -although most distributions provided a modified version that did not.) -.P -Thus, you should -.I never -employ -.B ldd -on an untrusted executable, -since this may result in the execution of arbitrary code. -A safer alternative when dealing with untrusted executables is: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBobjdump \-p /path/to/program | grep NEEDED\fP -.EE -.in -.P -Note, however, that this alternative shows only the direct dependencies -of the executable, while -.B ldd -shows the entire dependency tree of the executable. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.B \-\-version -Print the version number of -.BR ldd . -.TP -.B \-\-verbose -.TQ -.B \-v -Print all information, including, for example, -symbol versioning information. -.TP -.B \-\-unused -.TQ -.B \-u -Print unused direct dependencies. -(Since glibc 2.3.4.) -.TP -.B \-\-data\-relocs -.TQ -.B \-d -Perform relocations and report any missing objects (ELF only). -.TP -.B \-\-function\-relocs -.TQ -.B \-r -Perform relocations for both data objects and functions, and -report any missing objects or functions (ELF only). -.TP -.B \-\-help -Usage information. -.\" .SH NOTES -.\" The standard version of -.\" .B ldd -.\" comes with glibc2. -.\" Libc5 came with an older version, still present -.\" on some systems. -.\" The long options are not supported by the libc5 version. -.\" On the other hand, the glibc2 version does not support -.\" .B \-V -.\" and only has the equivalent -.\" .BR \-\-version . -.\" .P -.\" The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given -.\" on the command line as-is when it contains a \[aq]/\[aq]; otherwise it -.\" searches for the library in the standard locations. -.\" To run it -.\" on a shared library in the current directory, prefix the name with "./". -.SH BUGS -.B ldd -does not work on a.out shared libraries. -.P -.B ldd -does not work with some extremely old a.out programs which were -built before -.B ldd -support was added to the compiler releases. -If you use -.B ldd -on one of these programs, the program will attempt to run with -.I argc -= 0 and the results will be unpredictable. -.\" .SH AUTHOR -.\" David Engel. -.\" Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR pldd (1), -.BR sprof (1), -.BR ld.so (8), -.BR ldconfig (8) diff --git a/man1/locale.1 b/man1/locale.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 2e71e68..0000000 --- a/man1/locale.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.TH locale 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -locale \- get locale-specific information -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP]" -.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP] " \-a -.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP] " \-m -.BR locale " [\fIoption\fP] \fIname\fP..." -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B locale -command displays information about the current locale, or all locales, -on standard output. -.P -When invoked without arguments, -.B locale -displays the current locale settings for each locale category (see -.BR locale (5)), -based on the settings of the environment variables that control the locale -(see -.BR locale (7)). -Values for variables set in the environment are printed without double -quotes, implied values are printed with double quotes. -.P -If either the -.B \-a -or the -.B \-m -option (or one of their long-format equivalents) is specified, -the behavior is as follows: -.TP -.B \-\-all\-locales -.TQ -.B \-a -Display a list of all available locales. -The -.B \-v -option causes the -.B LC_IDENTIFICATION -metadata about each locale to be included in the output. -.TP -.B \-\-charmaps -.TQ -.B \-m -Display the available charmaps (character set description files). -To display the current character set for the locale, use -\fBlocale \-c charmap\fR. -.P -The -.B locale -command can also be provided with one or more arguments, -which are the names of locale keywords (for example, -.IR date_fmt , -.IR ctype\-class\-names , -.IR yesexpr , -or -.IR decimal_point ) -or locale categories (for example, -.B LC_CTYPE -or -.BR LC_TIME ). -For each argument, the following is displayed: -.IP \[bu] 3 -For a locale keyword, the value of that keyword to be displayed. -.IP \[bu] -For a locale category, -the values of all keywords in that category are displayed. -.P -When arguments are supplied, the following options are meaningful: -.TP -.B \-\-category\-name -.TQ -.B \-c -For a category name argument, -write the name of the locale category -on a separate line preceding the list of keyword values for that category. -.IP -For a keyword name argument, -write the name of the locale category for this keyword -on a separate line preceding the keyword value. -.IP -This option improves readability when multiple name arguments are specified. -It can be combined with the -.B \-k -option. -.TP -.B \-\-keyword\-name -.TQ -.B \-k -For each keyword whose value is being displayed, -include also the name of that keyword, -so that the output has the format: -.IP -.in +4n -.EX -.IR keyword =\[dq] value \[dq] -.EE -.in -.P -The -.B locale -command also knows about the following options: -.TP -.B \-\-verbose -.TQ -.B \-v -Display additional information for some command-line option and argument -combinations. -.TP -.B \-\-help -.TQ -.B \-? -Display a summary of command-line options and arguments and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Display a short usage message and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -.TQ -.B \-V -Display the program version and exit. -.SH FILES -.TP -.I /usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive -Usual default locale archive location. -.TP -.I /usr/share/i18n/locales -Usual default path for locale definition files. -.SH STANDARDS -POSIX.1-2008. -.SH HISTORY -POSIX.1-2001. -.SH EXAMPLES -.EX -$ \fBlocale\fP -LANG=en_US.UTF\-8 -LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_TIME="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_NAME="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF\-8" -LC_ALL= -.P -$ \fBlocale date_fmt\fP -%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y -.P -$ \fBlocale \-k date_fmt\fP -date_fmt="%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y" -.P -$ \fBlocale \-ck date_fmt\fP -LC_TIME -date_fmt="%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y" -.P -$ \fBlocale LC_TELEPHONE\fP -+%c (%a) %l -(%a) %l -11 -1 -UTF\-8 -.P -$ \fBlocale \-k LC_TELEPHONE\fP -tel_int_fmt="+%c (%a) %l" -tel_dom_fmt="(%a) %l" -int_select="11" -int_prefix="1" -telephone\-codeset="UTF\-8" -.EE -.P -The following example compiles a custom locale from the -.I ./wrk -directory with the -.BR localedef (1) -utility under the -.I $HOME/.locale -directory, then tests the result with the -.BR date (1) -command, and then sets the environment variables -.B LOCPATH -and -.B LANG -in the shell profile file so that the custom locale will be used in the -subsequent user sessions: -.P -.EX -$ \fBmkdir \-p $HOME/.locale\fP -$ \fBI18NPATH=./wrk/ localedef \-f UTF\-8 \-i fi_SE $HOME/.locale/fi_SE.UTF\-8\fP -$ \fBLOCPATH=$HOME/.locale LC_ALL=fi_SE.UTF\-8 date\fP -$ \fBecho "export LOCPATH=\e$HOME/.locale" >> $HOME/.bashrc\fP -$ \fBecho "export LANG=fi_SE.UTF\-8" >> $HOME/.bashrc\fP -.EE -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR localedef (1), -.BR charmap (5), -.BR locale (5), -.BR locale (7) diff --git a/man1/localedef.1 b/man1/localedef.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 8326b92..0000000 --- a/man1/localedef.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,415 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2001 Richard Braakman -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Alastair McKinstry -.\" Copyright (C) 2005 Lars Wirzenius -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Marko Myllynen -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.\" -.\" This manual page was initially written by Richard Braakman -.\" on behalf of the Debian GNU/Linux Project and anyone else -.\" who wants it. It was amended by Alastair McKinstry to -.\" explain new ISO/IEC 14652 elements, and amended further by -.\" Lars Wirzenius to document new functionality (as of GNU -.\" C library 2.3.5). -.\" -.TH localedef 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -localedef \- compile locale definition files -.SH SYNOPSIS -.SY localedef -.RI [ options ] -.I outputpath -.YS -.SY localedef -.B \-\-add\-to\-archive -.RI [ options ] -.I compiledpath -.YS -.SY localedef -.B \-\-delete\-from\-archive -.RI [ options ] -.IR localename " ..." -.YS -.SY localedef -.B \-\-list\-archive -.RI [ options ] -.YS -.SY localedef -.B \-\-help -.YS -.SY localedef -.B \-\-usage -.YS -.SY localedef -.B \-\-version -.YS -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B localedef -program reads the indicated -.I charmap -and -.I input -files, -compiles them to a binary form quickly usable by the -locale functions in the C library -.RB ( setlocale (3), -.BR localeconv (3), -etc.), -and places the output in -.IR outputpath . -.P -The -.I outputpath -argument is interpreted as follows: -.IP \[bu] 3 -If -.I outputpath -contains a slash character ('/'), -it is interpreted as the name of the -directory where the output definitions are to be stored. -In this case, -there is a separate output file for each locale category -.RI ( LC_TIME , -.IR LC_NUMERIC , -and so on). -.IP \[bu] -If the -.B \-\-no\-archive -option is used, -.I outputpath -is the name of a subdirectory in -.I /usr/lib/locale -where per-category compiled files are placed. -.IP \[bu] -Otherwise, -.I outputpath -is the name of a locale and the compiled locale data is added to the -archive file -.IR /usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive . -A locale archive is a memory-mapped file which contains all the -system-provided locales; -it is used by all localized programs when the environment variable -.B LOCPATH -is not set. -.P -In any case, -.B localedef -aborts if the directory in which it tries to write locale files has -not already been created. -.P -If no -.I charmapfile -is given, -the value -.I ANSI_X3.4\-1968 -(for ASCII) is used by default. -If no -.I inputfile -is given, -or if it is given as a dash -(\-), -.B localedef -reads from standard input. -.SH OPTIONS -.SS Operation-selection options -A few options direct -.B localedef -to do something other than compile locale definitions. -Only one of these options should be used at a time. -.TP -.B \-\-add\-to\-archive -Add the -.I compiledpath -directories to the locale archive file. -The directories should have been created by previous runs of -.BR localedef , -using -.BR \-\-no\-archive . -.TP -.B \-\-delete\-from\-archive -Delete the named locales from the locale archive file. -.TP -.B \-\-list\-archive -List the locales contained in the locale archive file. -.SS Other options -Some of the following options are sensible only for certain operations; -generally, -it should be self-evident which ones. -Notice that -.B \-f -and -.B \-c -are reversed from what you might expect; -that is, -.B \-f -is not the same as -.BR \-\-force . -.TP -.BI \-f " charmapfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-charmap=" charmapfile -Specify the file that defines the character set -that is used by the input file. -If -.I charmapfile -contains a slash character ('/'), -it is interpreted as the name of the character map. -Otherwise, -the file is sought in the current directory -and the default directory for character maps. -If the environment variable -.B I18NPATH -is set, -.I $I18NPATH/charmaps/ -and -.I $I18NPATH/ -are also searched after the current directory. -The default directory for character maps is printed by -.BR "localedef \-\-help" . -.TP -.BI \-i " inputfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-inputfile=" inputfile -Specify the locale definition file to compile. -The file is sought in the current directory -and the default directory for locale definition files. -If the environment variable -.B I18NPATH -is set, -.I $I18NPATH/locales/ -and -.I $I18NPATH -are also searched after the current directory. -The default directory for locale definition files is printed by -.BR "localedef \-\-help" . -.TP -.BI \-u " repertoirefile" "\fR, \fP\-\-repertoire\-map=" repertoirefile -Read mappings from symbolic names to Unicode code points from -.IR repertoirefile . -If -.I repertoirefile -contains a slash character ('/'), -it is interpreted as the pathname of the repertoire map. -Otherwise, -the file is sought in the current directory -and the default directory for repertoire maps. -If the environment variable -.B I18NPATH -is set, -.I $I18NPATH/repertoiremaps/ -and -.I $I18NPATH -are also searched after the current directory. -The default directory for repertoire maps is printed by -.BR "localedef \-\-help" . -.TP -.BI \-A " aliasfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-alias\-file=" aliasfile -Use -.I aliasfile -to look up aliases for locale names. -There is no default aliases file. -.TP -.B \-\-force -.TQ -.B \-c -Write the output files even if warnings were generated about the input -file. -.TP -.B \-\-verbose -.TQ -.B \-v -Generate extra warnings about errors that are normally ignored. -.TP -.B \-\-big\-endian -Generate big-endian output. -.TP -.B \-\-little\-endian -Generate little-endian output. -.TP -.B \-\-no\-archive -Do not use the locale archive file, -instead create -.I outputpath -as a subdirectory in the same directory as the locale archive file, -and create separate output files for locale categories in it. -This is helpful to prevent system locale archive updates from overwriting -custom locales created with -.BR localedef . -.TP -.B \-\-no\-hard\-links -Do not create hard links between installed locales. -.TP -.BI \-\-no\-warnings= warnings -Comma-separated list of warnings to disable. -Supported warnings are -.I ascii -and -.IR intcurrsym . -.TP -.B \-\-posix -Conform strictly to POSIX. -Implies -.BR \-\-verbose . -This option currently has no other effect. -POSIX conformance is assumed if the environment variable -.B POSIXLY_CORRECT -is set. -.TP -.BI \-\-prefix= pathname -Set the prefix to be prepended to the full archive pathname. -By default, -the prefix is empty. -Setting the prefix to -.IR foo , -the archive would be placed in -.IR foo/usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive . -.TP -.B \-\-quiet -Suppress all notifications and warnings, -and report only fatal errors. -.TP -.B \-\-replace -Replace a locale in the locale archive file. -Without this option, -if the locale is in the archive file already, -an error occurs. -.TP -.BI \-\-warnings= warnings -Comma-separated list of warnings to enable. -Supported warnings are -.I ascii -and -.IR intcurrsym . -.TP -.B \-\-help -.TQ -.B \-? -Print a usage summary and exit. -Also prints the default paths used by -.BR localedef . -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Print a short usage summary and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -.TQ -.B \-V -Print the version number, -license, -and disclaimer of warranty for -.BR localedef . -.SH EXIT STATUS -One of the following exit values can be returned by -.BR localedef : -.TP -.B 0 -Command completed successfully. -.TP -.B 1 -Warnings or errors occurred, -output files were written. -.TP -.B 4 -Errors encountered, -no output created. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -.TP -.B POSIXLY_CORRECT -The -.B \-\-posix -flag is assumed if this environment variable is set. -.TP -.B I18NPATH -A colon-separated list of search directories for files. -.SH FILES -.TP -.I /usr/share/i18n/charmaps -Usual default character map path. -.TP -.I /usr/share/i18n/locales -Usual default path for locale definition files. -.TP -.I /usr/share/i18n/repertoiremaps -Usual default repertoire map path. -.TP -.I /usr/lib/locale/locale\-archive -Usual default locale archive location. -.TP -.I /usr/lib/locale -Usual default path for compiled individual locale data files. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_ADDRESS -An output file that contains information about formatting of -addresses and geography-related items. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_COLLATE -An output file that contains information about the rules for comparing -strings. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_CTYPE -An output file that contains information about character classes. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_IDENTIFICATION -An output file that contains metadata about the locale. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_MEASUREMENT -An output file that contains information about locale measurements -(metric versus US customary). -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_MESSAGES/SYS_LC_MESSAGES -An output file that contains information about the language messages -should be printed in, -and what an affirmative or negative answer looks like. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_MONETARY -An output file that contains information about formatting of monetary -values. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_NAME -An output file that contains information about salutations for persons. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_NUMERIC -An output file that contains information about formatting of nonmonetary -numeric values. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_PAPER -An output file that contains information about settings related to -standard paper size. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_TELEPHONE -An output file that contains information about formats to be used with -telephone services. -.TP -.I outputpath/LC_TIME -An output file that contains information about formatting of data and -time values. -.SH STANDARDS -POSIX.1-2008. -.SH EXAMPLES -Compile the locale files for Finnish in the UTF\-8 character set -and add it to the default locale archive with the name -.BR fi_FI.UTF\-8 : -.P -.in +4n -.EX -localedef \-f UTF\-8 \-i fi_FI fi_FI.UTF\-8 -.EE -.in -.P -The next example does the same thing, -but generates files into the -.I fi_FI.UTF\-8 -directory which can then be used by programs when the environment -variable -.B LOCPATH -is set to the current directory (note that the last argument must -contain a slash): -.P -.in +4n -.EX -localedef \-f UTF\-8 \-i fi_FI ./fi_FI.UTF\-8 -.EE -.in -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR locale (1), -.BR charmap (5), -.BR locale (5), -.BR repertoiremap (5), -.BR locale (7) diff --git a/man1/memusage.1 b/man1/memusage.1 deleted file mode 100644 index fa64544..0000000 --- a/man1/memusage.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,262 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2013, Peter Schiffer -.\" and Copyright (C) 2014, Michael Kerrisk -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.TH memusage 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -memusage \- profile memory usage of a program -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR memusage " [\fIoption\fR]... \fIprogram\fR [\fIprogramoption\fR]..." -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B memusage -is a bash script which profiles memory usage of the program, -.IR program . -It preloads the -.B libmemusage.so -library into the caller's environment (via the -.B LD_PRELOAD -environment variable; see -.BR ld.so (8)). -The -.B libmemusage.so -library traces memory allocation by intercepting calls to -.BR malloc (3), -.BR calloc (3), -.BR free (3), -and -.BR realloc (3); -optionally, calls to -.BR mmap (2), -.BR mremap (2), -and -.BR munmap (2) -can also be intercepted. -.P -.B memusage -can output the collected data in textual form, or it can use -.BR memusagestat (1) -(see the -.B \-p -option, below) -to create a PNG file containing graphical representation -of the collected data. -.SS Memory usage summary -The "Memory usage summary" line output by -.B memusage -contains three fields: -.RS 4 -.TP -\fBheap total\fR -Sum of \fIsize\fR arguments of all -.BR malloc (3) -calls, -products of arguments (\fInmemb\fR*\fIsize\fR) of all -.BR calloc (3) -calls, -and sum of \fIlength\fR arguments of all -.BR mmap (2) -calls. -In the case of -.BR realloc (3) -and -.BR mremap (2), -if the new size of an allocation is larger than the previous size, -the sum of all such differences (new size minus old size) is added. -.TP -.B "heap peak" -Maximum of all \fIsize\fR arguments of -.BR malloc (3), -all products of \fInmemb\fR*\fIsize\fR of -.BR calloc (3), -all \fIsize\fR arguments of -.BR realloc (3), -.I length -arguments of -.BR mmap (2), -and -\fInew_size\fR arguments of -.BR mremap (2). -.TP -.B "stack peak" -Before the first call to any monitored function, -the stack pointer address (base stack pointer) is saved. -After each function call, the actual stack pointer address is read and -the difference from the base stack pointer computed. -The maximum of these differences is then the stack peak. -.RE -.P -Immediately following this summary line, a table shows the number calls, -total memory allocated or deallocated, -and number of failed calls for each intercepted function. -For -.BR realloc (3) -and -.BR mremap (2), -the additional field "nomove" shows reallocations that -changed the address of a block, -and the additional "dec" field shows reallocations that -decreased the size of the block. -For -.BR realloc (3), -the additional field "free" shows reallocations that -caused a block to be freed (i.e., the reallocated size was 0). -.P -The "realloc/total memory" of the table output by -.B memusage -does not reflect cases where -.BR realloc (3) -is used to reallocate a block of memory -to have a smaller size than previously. -This can cause sum of all "total memory" cells (excluding "free") -to be larger than the "free/total memory" cell. -.SS Histogram for block sizes -The "Histogram for block sizes" provides a breakdown of memory -allocations into various bucket sizes. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BI \-n\ name \fR,\ \fB\-\-progname= name -Name of the program file to profile. -.TP -.BI \-p\ file \fR,\ \fB\-\-png= file -Generate PNG graphic and store it in -.IR file . -.TP -.BI \-d\ file \fR,\ \fB\-\-data= file -Generate binary data file and store it in -.IR file . -.TP -.B \-u\fR,\ \fB\-\-unbuffered -Do not buffer output. -.TP -.BI \-b\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-buffer= size -Collect -.I size -entries before writing them out. -.TP -.B \-\-no\-timer -Disable timer-based -.RB ( SIGPROF ) -sampling of stack pointer value. -.TP -.B \-m\fR,\ \fB\-\-mmap -Also trace -.BR mmap (2), -.BR mremap (2), -and -.BR munmap (2). -.TP -.B \-?\fR,\ \fB\-\-help -Print help and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Print a short usage message and exit. -.TP -.B \-V\fR,\ \fB\-\-version -Print version information and exit. -.TP -The following options apply only when generating graphical output: -.TP -.B \-t\fR,\ \fB\-\-time\-based -Use time (rather than number of function calls) as the scale for the X axis. -.TP -.B \-T\fR,\ \fB\-\-total -Also draw a graph of total memory use. -.TP -.BI \fB\-\-title= name -Use -.I name -as the title of the graph. -.TP -.BI \-x\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-x\-size= size -Make the graph -.I size -pixels wide. -.TP -.BI \-y\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-y\-size= size -Make the graph -.I size -pixels high. -.SH EXIT STATUS -The exit status of -.B memusage -is equal to the exit status of the profiled program. -.SH BUGS -To report bugs, see -.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html -.UE -.SH EXAMPLES -Below is a simple program that reallocates a block of -memory in cycles that rise to a peak before then cyclically -reallocating the memory in smaller blocks that return to zero. -After compiling the program and running the following commands, -a graph of the memory usage of the program can be found in the file -.IR memusage.png : -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBmemusage \-\-data=memusage.dat ./a.out\fP -\&... -Memory usage summary: heap total: 45200, heap peak: 6440, stack peak: 224 - total calls total memory failed calls - malloc| 1 400 0 -realloc| 40 44800 0 (nomove:40, dec:19, free:0) - calloc| 0 0 0 - free| 1 440 -Histogram for block sizes: - 192\-207 1 2% ================ -\&... - 2192\-2207 1 2% ================ - 2240\-2255 2 4% ================================= - 2832\-2847 2 4% ================================= - 3440\-3455 2 4% ================================= - 4032\-4047 2 4% ================================= - 4640\-4655 2 4% ================================= - 5232\-5247 2 4% ================================= - 5840\-5855 2 4% ================================= - 6432\-6447 1 2% ================ -$ \fBmemusagestat memusage.dat memusage.png\fP -.EE -.in -.SS Program source -.EX -#include -#include -\& -#define CYCLES 20 -\& -int -main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ - int i, j; - size_t size; - int *p; -\& - size = sizeof(*p) * 100; - printf("malloc: %zu\en", size); - p = malloc(size); -\& - for (i = 0; i < CYCLES; i++) { - if (i < CYCLES / 2) - j = i; - else - j\-\-; -\& - size = sizeof(*p) * (j * 50 + 110); - printf("realloc: %zu\en", size); - p = realloc(p, size); -\& - size = sizeof(*p) * ((j + 1) * 150 + 110); - printf("realloc: %zu\en", size); - p = realloc(p, size); - } -\& - free(p); - exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); -} -.EE -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR memusagestat (1), -.BR mtrace (1), -.BR ld.so (8) diff --git a/man1/memusagestat.1 b/man1/memusagestat.1 deleted file mode 100644 index d1a76fb..0000000 --- a/man1/memusagestat.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2013, Peter Schiffer -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.TH memusagestat 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -memusagestat \- generate graphic from memory profiling data -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR memusagestat " [\fIoption\fR]... \fIdatafile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]" -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B memusagestat -creates a PNG file containing a graphical representation of the -memory profiling data in the file -.IR datafile ; -that file is generated via the -.I \-d -(or -.IR \-\-data ) -option of -.BR memusage (1). -.P -The red line in the graph shows the heap usage (allocated memory) -and the green line shows the stack usage. -The x-scale is either the number of memory-handling function calls or -(if the -.I \-t -option is specified) -time. -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.BI \-o\ file \fR,\ \fB\-\-output= file -Name of the output file. -.TP -.BI \-s\ string \fR,\ \fB\-\-string= string -Use -.I string -as the title inside the output graph. -.TP -.B \-t\fR,\ \fB\-\-time -Use time (rather than number of function calls) as the scale for the X axis. -.TP -.B \-T\fR,\ \fB\-\-total -Also draw a graph of total memory consumption. -.TP -.BI \-x\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-x\-size= size -Make the output graph -.I size -pixels wide. -.TP -.BI \-y\ size \fR,\ \fB\-\-y\-size= size -Make the output graph -.I size -pixels high. -.TP -.B \-?\fR,\ \fB\-\-help -Print a help message and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Print a short usage message and exit. -.TP -.B \-V\fR,\ \fB\-\-version -Print version information and exit. -.SH BUGS -To report bugs, see -.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html -.UE -.SH EXAMPLES -See -.BR memusage (1). -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR memusage (1), -.BR mtrace (1) diff --git a/man1/mtrace.1 b/man1/mtrace.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 3ade2ff..0000000 --- a/man1/mtrace.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 2013, Peter Schiffer (pschiffe@redhat.com) -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later -.TH mtrace 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -mtrace \- interpret the malloc trace log -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR mtrace " [\fIoption\fR]... [\fIbinary\fR] \fImtracedata\fR" -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B mtrace -is a Perl script used to interpret and provide human readable output -of the trace log contained in the file -.IR mtracedata , -whose contents were produced by -.BR mtrace (3). -If -.I binary -is provided, the output of -.B mtrace -also contains the source file name with line number information -for problem locations -(assuming that -.I binary -was compiled with debugging information). -.P -For more information about the -.BR mtrace (3) -function and -.B mtrace -script usage, see -.BR mtrace (3). -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.B \-\-help -Print help and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -Print version information and exit. -.SH BUGS -For bug reporting instructions, please see: -.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html -.UE . -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR memusage (1), -.BR mtrace (3) diff --git a/man1/pldd.1 b/man1/pldd.1 deleted file mode 100644 index db74dc9..0000000 --- a/man1/pldd.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.TH pldd 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -pldd \- display dynamic shared objects linked into a process -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BI "pldd " "pid" -.BI pldd " option" -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B pldd -command displays a list of the dynamic shared objects (DSOs) that are -linked into the process with the specified process ID (PID). -The list includes the libraries that have been dynamically loaded using -.BR dlopen (3). -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.B \-\-help -.TQ -.B \-? -Display a help message and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Display a short usage message and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -.TQ -.B \-V -Display program version information and exit. -.SH EXIT STATUS -On success, -.B pldd -exits with the status 0. -If the specified process does not exist, -the user does not have permission to access -its dynamic shared object list, -or no command-line arguments are supplied, -.B pldd -exists with a status of 1. -If given an invalid option, it exits with the status 64. -.SH VERSIONS -Some other systems -.\" There are man pages on Solaris and HP-UX. -have a similar command. -.SH STANDARDS -None. -.SH HISTORY -glibc 2.15. -.SH NOTES -The command -.P -.in +4n -.EX -lsof \-p PID -.EE -.in -.P -also shows output that includes the dynamic shared objects -that are linked into a process. -.P -The -.BR gdb (1) -.I "info shared" -command also shows the shared libraries being used by a process, -so that one can obtain similar output to -.B pldd -using a command such as the following -(to monitor the process with the specified -.IR pid ): -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBgdb \-ex "set confirm off" \-ex "set height 0" \-ex "info shared" \e\fP - \fB\-ex "quit" \-p $pid | grep \[aq]\[ha]0x.*0x\[aq]\fP -.EE -.in -.SH BUGS -From glibc 2.19 to glibc 2.29, -.B pldd -was broken: it just hung when executed. -.\" glibc commit 1a4c27355e146b6d8cc6487b998462c7fdd1048f -This problem was fixed in glibc 2.30, and the fix has been backported -to earlier glibc versions in some distributions. -.SH EXAMPLES -.EX -$ \fBecho $$\fP # Display PID of shell -1143 -$ \fBpldd $$\fP # Display DSOs linked into the shell -1143: /usr/bin/bash -linux\-vdso.so.1 -/lib64/libtinfo.so.5 -/lib64/libdl.so.2 -/lib64/libc.so.6 -/lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2 -/lib64/libnss_files.so.2 -.EE -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR ldd (1), -.BR lsof (1), -.BR dlopen (3), -.BR ld.so (8) diff --git a/man1/sprof.1 b/man1/sprof.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 6d9796b..0000000 --- a/man1/sprof.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,282 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft -.\" -.TH sprof 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -sprof \- read and display shared object profiling data -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.BR sprof " [\fIoption\fP]... \fIshared-object-path\fP \ -[\fIprofile-data-path\fP]" -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B sprof -command displays a profiling summary for the -shared object (shared library) specified as its first command-line argument. -The profiling summary is created using previously generated -profiling data in the (optional) second command-line argument. -If the profiling data pathname is omitted, then -.B sprof -will attempt to deduce it using the soname of the shared object, -looking for a file with the name -.I .profile -in the current directory. -.SH OPTIONS -The following command-line options specify the profile output -to be produced: -.TP -.B \-\-call\-pairs -.TQ -.B \-c -Print a list of pairs of call paths for the interfaces exported -by the shared object, -along with the number of times each path is used. -.TP -.B \-\-flat\-profile -.TQ -.B \-p -Generate a flat profile of all of the functions in the monitored object, -with counts and ticks. -.TP -.B \-\-graph -.TQ -.B \-q -Generate a call graph. -.P -If none of the above options is specified, -then the default behavior is to display a flat profile and a call graph. -.P -The following additional command-line options are available: -.TP -.B \-\-help -.TQ -.B \-? -Display a summary of command-line options and arguments and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-usage -Display a short usage message and exit. -.TP -.B \-\-version -.TQ -.B \-V -Display the program version and exit. -.SH STANDARDS -GNU. -.SH EXAMPLES -The following example demonstrates the use of -.BR sprof . -The example consists of a main program that calls two functions -in a shared object. -First, the code of the main program: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBcat prog.c\fP -#include -\& -void x1(void); -void x2(void); -\& -int -main(int argc, char *argv[]) -{ - x1(); - x2(); - exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); -} -.EE -.in -.P -The functions -.IR x1 () -and -.IR x2 () -are defined in the following source file that is used to -construct the shared object: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBcat libdemo.c\fP -#include -\& -void -consumeCpu1(int lim) -{ - for (unsigned int j = 0; j < lim; j++) - getppid(); -} -\& -void -x1(void) { - for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 100; j++) - consumeCpu1(200000); -} -\& -void -consumeCpu2(int lim) -{ - for (unsigned int j = 0; j < lim; j++) - getppid(); -} -\& -void -x2(void) -{ - for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) - consumeCpu2(10000); -} -.EE -.in -.P -Now we construct the shared object with the real name -.IR libdemo.so.1.0.1 , -and the soname -.IR libdemo.so.1 : -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBcc \-g \-fPIC \-shared \-Wl,\-soname,libdemo.so.1 \e\fP - \fB\-o libdemo.so.1.0.1 libdemo.c\fP -.EE -.in -.P -Then we construct symbolic links for the library soname and -the library linker name: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBln \-sf libdemo.so.1.0.1 libdemo.so.1\fP -$ \fBln \-sf libdemo.so.1 libdemo.so\fP -.EE -.in -.P -Next, we compile the main program, linking it against the shared object, -and then list the dynamic dependencies of the program: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBcc \-g \-o prog prog.c \-L. \-ldemo\fP -$ \fBldd prog\fP - linux\-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff86d66000) - libdemo.so.1 => not found - libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd4dc138000) - /lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2 (0x00007fd4dc51f000) -.EE -.in -.P -In order to get profiling information for the shared object, -we define the environment variable -.B LD_PROFILE -with the soname of the library: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBexport LD_PROFILE=libdemo.so.1\fP -.EE -.in -.P -We then define the environment variable -.B LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT -with the pathname of the directory where profile output should be written, -and create that directory if it does not exist already: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBexport LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT=$(pwd)/prof_data\fP -$ \fBmkdir \-p $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT\fP -.EE -.in -.P -.B LD_PROFILE -causes profiling output to be -.I appended -to the output file if it already exists, -so we ensure that there is no preexisting profiling data: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBrm \-f $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/$LD_PROFILE.profile\fP -.EE -.in -.P -We then run the program to produce the profiling output, -which is written to a file in the directory specified in -.BR LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT : -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBLD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./prog\fP -$ \fBls prof_data\fP -libdemo.so.1.profile -.EE -.in -.P -We then use the -.B sprof \-p -option to generate a flat profile with counts and ticks: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBsprof \-p libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\fP -Flat profile: -\& -Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds. - % cumulative self self total - time seconds seconds calls us/call us/call name - 60.00 0.06 0.06 100 600.00 consumeCpu1 - 40.00 0.10 0.04 1000 40.00 consumeCpu2 - 0.00 0.10 0.00 1 0.00 x1 - 0.00 0.10 0.00 1 0.00 x2 -.EE -.in -.P -The -.B sprof \-q -option generates a call graph: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBsprof \-q libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\fP -\& -index % time self children called name -\& - 0.00 0.00 100/100 x1 [1] -[0] 100.0 0.00 0.00 100 consumeCpu1 [0] -\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- - 0.00 0.00 1/1 -[1] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1 x1 [1] - 0.00 0.00 100/100 consumeCpu1 [0] -\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- - 0.00 0.00 1000/1000 x2 [3] -[2] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1000 consumeCpu2 [2] -\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- - 0.00 0.00 1/1 -[3] 0.0 0.00 0.00 1 x2 [3] - 0.00 0.00 1000/1000 consumeCpu2 [2] -\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\- -.EE -.in -.P -Above and below, the "" strings represent identifiers that -are outside of the profiled object (in this example, these are instances of -.IR main() ). -.P -The -.B sprof \-c -option generates a list of call pairs and the number of their occurrences: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -$ \fBsprof \-c libdemo.so.1 $LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/libdemo.so.1.profile\fP - x1 1 -x1 consumeCpu1 100 - x2 1 -x2 consumeCpu2 1000 -.EE -.in -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR gprof (1), -.BR ldd (1), -.BR ld.so (8) diff --git a/man1/time.1 b/man1/time.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 6e4ea37..0000000 --- a/man1/time.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,329 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, 2000 -.\" Some fragments of text came from the time-1.7 info file. -.\" Inspired by kromJx@crosswinds.net. -.\" -.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0-or-later -.\" -.TH time 1 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7" -.SH NAME -time \- time a simple command or give resource usage -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B time -.RI [ option \~.\|.\|.\&] " command " [ argument \~.\|.\|.] -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B time -command runs the specified program -.I command -with the given arguments. -When -.I command -finishes, -.B time -writes a message to standard error giving timing statistics -about this program run. -These statistics consist of (i) the elapsed real time -between invocation and termination, (ii) the user CPU time -(the sum of the -.I tms_utime -and -.I tms_cutime -values in a -.I "struct tms" -as returned by -.BR times (2)), -and (iii) the system CPU time (the sum of the -.I tms_stime -and -.I tms_cstime -values in a -.I "struct tms" -as returned by -.BR times (2)). -.P -Note: some shells (e.g., -.BR bash (1)) -have a built-in -.B time -command that provides similar information on the usage of time and -possibly other resources. -To access the real command, you may need to specify its pathname -(something like -.IR /usr/bin/time ). -.SH OPTIONS -.TP -.B \-p -When in the POSIX locale, use the precise traditional format -.IP -.in +4n -.EX -"real %f\enuser %f\ensys %f\en" -.EE -.in -.IP -(with numbers in seconds) -where the number of decimals in the output for %f is unspecified -but is sufficient to express the clock tick accuracy, and at least one. -.SH EXIT STATUS -If -.I command -was invoked, the exit status is that of -.IR command . -Otherwise, it is 127 if -.I command -could not be found, 126 if it could be found but could not be invoked, -and some other nonzero value (1\[en]125) if something else went wrong. -.SH ENVIRONMENT -The variables -.BR LANG , -.BR LC_ALL , -.BR LC_CTYPE , -.BR LC_MESSAGES , -.BR LC_NUMERIC , -and -.B NLSPATH -are used for the text and formatting of the output. -.B PATH -is used to search for -.IR command . -.SH GNU VERSION -Below a description of the GNU 1.7 version of -.BR time . -Disregarding the name of the utility, GNU makes it output lots of -useful information, not only about time used, but also on other -resources like memory, I/O and IPC calls (where available). -The output is formatted using a format string that can be specified -using the -.I \-f -option or the -.B TIME -environment variable. -.P -The default format string is: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -%Uuser %Ssystem %Eelapsed %PCPU (%Xtext+%Ddata %Mmax)k -%Iinputs+%Ooutputs (%Fmajor+%Rminor)pagefaults %Wswaps -.EE -.in -.P -When the -.I \-p -option is given, the (portable) output format is used: -.P -.in +4n -.EX -real %e -user %U -sys %S -.EE -.in -.\" -.SS The format string -The format is interpreted in the usual printf-like way. -Ordinary characters are directly copied, tab, newline, -and backslash are escaped using \et, \en, and \e\e, -a percent sign is represented by %%, and otherwise % -indicates a conversion. -The program -.B time -will always add a trailing newline itself. -The conversions follow. -All of those used by -.BR tcsh (1) -are supported. -.P -.B "Time" -.TP -.B %E -Elapsed real time (in [hours:]minutes:seconds). -.TP -.B %e -(Not in -.BR tcsh (1).) -Elapsed real time (in seconds). -.TP -.B %S -Total number of CPU-seconds that the process spent in kernel mode. -.TP -.B %U -Total number of CPU-seconds that the process spent in user mode. -.TP -.B %P -Percentage of the CPU that this job got, computed as (%U + %S) / %E. -.P -.B "Memory" -.TP -.B %M -Maximum resident set size of the process during its lifetime, in Kbytes. -.TP -.B %t -(Not in -.BR tcsh (1).) -Average resident set size of the process, in Kbytes. -.TP -.B %K -Average total (data+stack+text) memory use of the process, -in Kbytes. -.TP -.B %D -Average size of the process's unshared data area, in Kbytes. -.TP -.B %p -(Not in -.BR tcsh (1).) -Average size of the process's unshared stack space, in Kbytes. -.TP -.B %X -Average size of the process's shared text space, in Kbytes. -.TP -.B %Z -(Not in -.BR tcsh (1).) -System's page size, in bytes. -This is a per-system constant, but varies between systems. -.TP -.B %F -Number of major page faults that occurred while the process was running. -These are faults where the page has to be read in from disk. -.TP -.B %R -Number of minor, or recoverable, page faults. -These are faults for pages that are not valid but which have -not yet been claimed by other virtual pages. -Thus the data -in the page is still valid but the system tables must be updated. -.TP -.B %W -Number of times the process was swapped out of main memory. -.TP -.B %c -Number of times the process was context-switched involuntarily -(because the time slice expired). -.TP -.B %w -Number of waits: times that the program was context-switched voluntarily, -for instance while waiting for an I/O operation to complete. -.P -.B "I/O" -.TP -.B %I -Number of filesystem inputs by the process. -.TP -.B %O -Number of filesystem outputs by the process. -.TP -.B %r -Number of socket messages received by the process. -.TP -.B %s -Number of socket messages sent by the process. -.TP -.B %k -Number of signals delivered to the process. -.TP -.B %C -(Not in -.BR tcsh (1).) -Name and command-line arguments of the command being timed. -.TP -.B %x -(Not in -.BR tcsh (1).) -Exit status of the command. -.SS GNU options -.TP -.BI "\-f " format ", \-\-format=" format -Specify output format, possibly overriding the format specified -in the environment variable TIME. -.TP -.B "\-p, \-\-portability" -Use the portable output format. -.TP -.BI "\-o " file ", \-\-output=" file -Do not send the results to -.IR stderr , -but overwrite the specified file. -.TP -.B "\-a, \-\-append" -(Used together with \-o.) Do not overwrite but append. -.TP -.B "\-v, \-\-verbose" -Give very verbose output about all the program knows about. -.TP -.B "\-q, \-\-quiet" -Don't report abnormal program termination (where -.I command -is terminated by a signal) or nonzero exit status. -.\" -.SS GNU standard options -.TP -.B "\-\-help" -Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully. -.TP -.B "\-V, \-\-version" -Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully. -.TP -.B "\-\-" -Terminate option list. -.SH BUGS -Not all resources are measured by all versions of UNIX, -so some of the values might be reported as zero. -The present selection was mostly inspired by the data -provided by 4.2 or 4.3BSD. -.P -GNU time version 1.7 is not yet localized. -Thus, it does not implement the POSIX requirements. -.P -The environment variable -.B TIME -was badly chosen. -It is not unusual for systems like -.BR autoconf (1) -or -.BR make (1) -to use environment variables with the name of a utility to override -the utility to be used. -Uses like MORE or TIME for options to programs -(instead of program pathnames) tend to lead to difficulties. -.P -It seems unfortunate that -.I \-o -overwrites instead of appends. -(That is, the -.I \-a -option should be the default.) -.P -Mail suggestions and bug reports for GNU -.B time -to -.IR bug\-time@gnu.org . -Please include the version of -.BR time , -which you can get by running -.P -.in +4n -.EX -time \-\-version -.EE -.in -.P -and the operating system -and C compiler you used. -.\" .SH AUTHORS -.\" .TP -.\" .IP "David Keppel" -.\" Original version -.\" .IP "David MacKenzie" -.\" POSIXization, autoconfiscation, GNU getoptization, -.\" documentation, other bug fixes and improvements. -.\" .IP "Arne Henrik Juul" -.\" Helped with portability -.\" .IP "Francois Pinard" -.\" Helped with portability -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR bash (1), -.BR tcsh (1), -.BR times (2), -.BR wait3 (2) -- cgit v1.2.3