1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
5579
5580
5581
5582
5583
5584
5585
5586
5587
5588
5589
5590
5591
5592
5593
5594
5595
5596
5597
5598
5599
5600
5601
5602
5603
5604
5605
5606
5607
5608
5609
5610
5611
5612
5613
5614
5615
5616
5617
5618
5619
5620
5621
5622
5623
5624
5625
5626
5627
5628
5629
5630
5631
5632
5633
5634
5635
5636
5637
5638
5639
5640
5641
5642
5643
5644
5645
5646
5647
5648
5649
5650
5651
5652
5653
5654
5655
5656
5657
5658
5659
5660
5661
5662
5663
5664
5665
5666
5667
5668
5669
5670
5671
5672
5673
5674
5675
5676
5677
5678
5679
5680
5681
5682
5683
5684
5685
5686
5687
5688
5689
5690
5691
5692
5693
5694
5695
5696
5697
5698
5699
5700
5701
5702
5703
5704
5705
5706
5707
5708
5709
5710
5711
5712
5713
5714
5715
5716
5717
5718
5719
5720
5721
5722
5723
5724
5725
5726
5727
5728
5729
5730
5731
5732
5733
5734
5735
5736
5737
5738
5739
5740
5741
5742
5743
5744
5745
5746
5747
5748
5749
5750
5751
5752
5753
5754
5755
5756
5757
5758
5759
5760
5761
5762
5763
5764
5765
5766
5767
5768
5769
5770
5771
5772
5773
5774
5775
5776
5777
5778
5779
5780
5781
5782
5783
5784
5785
5786
5787
5788
5789
5790
5791
5792
5793
5794
5795
5796
5797
5798
5799
5800
5801
5802
5803
5804
5805
5806
5807
5808
5809
5810
5811
5812
5813
5814
5815
5816
5817
5818
5819
5820
5821
5822
5823
5824
5825
5826
5827
5828
5829
5830
5831
5832
5833
5834
5835
5836
5837
5838
5839
5840
5841
5842
5843
5844
5845
5846
5847
5848
5849
5850
5851
5852
5853
5854
5855
5856
5857
5858
5859
5860
5861
5862
5863
5864
5865
5866
5867
5868
5869
5870
5871
5872
5873
5874
5875
5876
5877
5878
5879
5880
5881
5882
5883
5884
5885
5886
5887
5888
5889
5890
5891
5892
5893
5894
5895
5896
5897
5898
5899
5900
5901
5902
5903
5904
5905
5906
5907
5908
5909
5910
5911
5912
5913
5914
5915
5916
5917
5918
5919
5920
5921
5922
5923
5924
5925
5926
5927
5928
5929
5930
5931
5932
5933
5934
5935
5936
5937
5938
5939
5940
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
5950
5951
5952
5953
5954
5955
5956
5957
5958
5959
5960
5961
5962
5963
5964
5965
5966
5967
5968
5969
5970
5971
5972
5973
5974
5975
5976
5977
5978
5979
5980
5981
5982
5983
5984
5985
5986
5987
5988
5989
5990
5991
5992
5993
5994
5995
5996
5997
5998
5999
6000
6001
6002
6003
6004
6005
6006
6007
6008
6009
6010
6011
6012
6013
6014
6015
6016
6017
6018
6019
6020
6021
6022
6023
6024
6025
6026
6027
6028
6029
6030
6031
6032
6033
6034
6035
6036
6037
6038
6039
6040
6041
6042
6043
6044
6045
6046
6047
6048
6049
6050
6051
6052
6053
6054
6055
6056
6057
6058
6059
6060
6061
6062
6063
6064
6065
6066
6067
6068
6069
6070
6071
6072
6073
6074
6075
6076
6077
6078
6079
6080
6081
6082
6083
6084
6085
6086
6087
6088
6089
6090
6091
6092
6093
6094
6095
6096
6097
6098
6099
6100
6101
6102
6103
6104
6105
6106
6107
6108
6109
6110
6111
6112
6113
6114
6115
6116
6117
6118
6119
6120
6121
6122
6123
6124
6125
6126
6127
6128
6129
6130
6131
6132
6133
6134
6135
6136
6137
6138
6139
6140
6141
6142
6143
6144
6145
6146
6147
6148
6149
6150
6151
6152
6153
6154
6155
6156
6157
6158
6159
6160
6161
6162
6163
6164
6165
6166
6167
6168
6169
6170
6171
6172
6173
6174
6175
6176
6177
6178
6179
6180
6181
6182
6183
6184
6185
6186
6187
6188
6189
6190
6191
6192
6193
6194
6195
6196
6197
6198
6199
6200
6201
6202
6203
6204
6205
6206
6207
6208
6209
6210
6211
6212
6213
6214
6215
6216
6217
6218
6219
6220
6221
6222
6223
6224
6225
6226
6227
6228
6229
6230
6231
6232
6233
6234
6235
6236
6237
6238
6239
6240
6241
6242
6243
6244
6245
6246
6247
6248
6249
6250
6251
6252
6253
6254
6255
6256
6257
6258
6259
6260
6261
6262
6263
6264
6265
6266
6267
6268
6269
6270
6271
6272
6273
6274
6275
6276
6277
6278
6279
6280
6281
6282
6283
6284
6285
6286
6287
6288
6289
6290
6291
6292
6293
6294
6295
6296
6297
6298
6299
6300
6301
6302
6303
6304
6305
6306
6307
6308
6309
6310
6311
6312
6313
6314
6315
6316
6317
6318
6319
6320
6321
6322
6323
6324
6325
6326
6327
6328
6329
6330
6331
6332
6333
6334
6335
6336
6337
6338
6339
6340
6341
6342
6343
6344
6345
6346
6347
6348
6349
6350
6351
6352
6353
6354
6355
6356
6357
6358
6359
6360
6361
6362
6363
6364
6365
6366
6367
6368
6369
6370
6371
6372
6373
6374
6375
6376
6377
6378
6379
6380
6381
6382
6383
6384
6385
6386
6387
6388
6389
6390
6391
6392
6393
6394
6395
6396
6397
6398
6399
6400
6401
6402
6403
6404
6405
6406
6407
6408
6409
6410
6411
6412
6413
6414
6415
6416
6417
6418
6419
6420
6421
6422
6423
6424
6425
6426
6427
6428
6429
6430
6431
6432
6433
6434
6435
6436
6437
6438
6439
6440
6441
6442
6443
6444
6445
6446
6447
6448
6449
6450
6451
6452
6453
6454
6455
6456
6457
6458
6459
6460
6461
6462
6463
6464
6465
6466
6467
6468
6469
6470
6471
6472
6473
6474
6475
6476
6477
6478
6479
6480
6481
6482
6483
6484
6485
6486
6487
6488
6489
6490
6491
6492
6493
6494
6495
6496
6497
6498
6499
6500
6501
6502
6503
6504
6505
6506
6507
6508
6509
6510
6511
6512
6513
6514
6515
6516
6517
6518
6519
6520
6521
6522
6523
6524
6525
6526
6527
6528
6529
6530
6531
6532
6533
6534
6535
6536
6537
6538
6539
6540
6541
6542
6543
6544
6545
6546
6547
6548
6549
6550
6551
6552
6553
6554
6555
6556
6557
6558
6559
6560
6561
6562
6563
6564
6565
6566
6567
6568
6569
6570
6571
6572
6573
6574
6575
6576
6577
6578
6579
6580
6581
6582
6583
6584
6585
6586
6587
6588
6589
6590
6591
6592
6593
6594
6595
6596
6597
6598
6599
6600
6601
6602
6603
6604
6605
6606
6607
6608
6609
6610
6611
6612
6613
6614
6615
6616
6617
6618
6619
6620
6621
6622
6623
6624
6625
6626
6627
6628
6629
6630
6631
6632
6633
6634
6635
6636
6637
6638
6639
6640
6641
6642
6643
6644
6645
6646
6647
6648
6649
6650
6651
6652
6653
6654
6655
6656
6657
6658
6659
6660
6661
6662
6663
6664
6665
6666
6667
6668
6669
6670
6671
6672
6673
6674
6675
6676
6677
6678
6679
6680
6681
6682
6683
6684
6685
6686
6687
6688
6689
6690
6691
6692
6693
6694
6695
6696
6697
6698
6699
6700
6701
6702
6703
6704
6705
6706
6707
6708
6709
6710
6711
6712
6713
6714
6715
6716
6717
6718
6719
6720
6721
6722
6723
6724
6725
6726
6727
6728
6729
6730
6731
6732
6733
6734
6735
6736
6737
6738
6739
6740
6741
6742
6743
6744
6745
6746
6747
6748
6749
6750
6751
6752
6753
6754
6755
6756
6757
6758
6759
6760
6761
6762
6763
6764
6765
6766
6767
6768
6769
6770
6771
6772
6773
6774
6775
6776
6777
6778
6779
6780
6781
6782
6783
6784
6785
6786
6787
6788
6789
6790
6791
6792
6793
6794
6795
6796
6797
6798
6799
6800
6801
6802
6803
6804
6805
6806
6807
6808
6809
6810
6811
6812
6813
6814
6815
6816
6817
6818
6819
6820
6821
6822
6823
6824
6825
6826
6827
6828
6829
6830
6831
6832
6833
6834
6835
6836
6837
6838
6839
6840
6841
6842
6843
6844
6845
6846
6847
6848
6849
6850
6851
6852
6853
6854
6855
6856
6857
6858
6859
6860
6861
6862
6863
6864
6865
6866
6867
6868
6869
6870
6871
6872
6873
6874
6875
6876
6877
6878
6879
6880
6881
6882
6883
6884
6885
6886
6887
6888
6889
6890
6891
6892
6893
6894
6895
6896
6897
6898
6899
6900
6901
6902
6903
6904
6905
6906
6907
6908
6909
6910
6911
6912
6913
6914
6915
6916
6917
6918
6919
6920
6921
6922
6923
6924
6925
6926
6927
6928
6929
6930
6931
6932
6933
6934
6935
6936
6937
6938
6939
6940
6941
6942
6943
6944
6945
6946
6947
6948
6949
6950
6951
6952
6953
6954
6955
6956
6957
6958
6959
6960
6961
6962
6963
6964
6965
6966
6967
6968
6969
6970
6971
6972
6973
6974
6975
6976
6977
6978
6979
6980
6981
6982
6983
6984
6985
6986
6987
6988
6989
6990
6991
6992
6993
6994
6995
6996
6997
6998
6999
7000
7001
7002
7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012
7013
7014
7015
7016
7017
7018
7019
7020
7021
7022
7023
7024
7025
7026
7027
7028
7029
7030
7031
7032
7033
7034
7035
7036
7037
7038
7039
7040
7041
7042
7043
7044
7045
7046
7047
7048
7049
7050
7051
7052
7053
7054
7055
7056
7057
7058
7059
7060
7061
7062
7063
7064
7065
7066
7067
7068
7069
7070
7071
7072
7073
7074
7075
7076
7077
7078
7079
7080
7081
7082
7083
7084
7085
7086
7087
7088
7089
7090
7091
7092
7093
7094
7095
7096
7097
7098
7099
7100
7101
7102
7103
7104
7105
7106
7107
7108
7109
7110
7111
7112
7113
7114
7115
7116
7117
7118
7119
7120
7121
7122
7123
7124
7125
7126
7127
7128
7129
7130
7131
7132
7133
7134
7135
7136
7137
7138
7139
7140
7141
7142
7143
7144
7145
7146
7147
7148
7149
7150
7151
7152
7153
7154
7155
7156
7157
7158
7159
7160
7161
7162
7163
7164
7165
7166
7167
7168
7169
7170
7171
7172
7173
7174
7175
7176
7177
7178
7179
7180
7181
7182
7183
7184
7185
7186
7187
7188
7189
7190
7191
7192
7193
7194
7195
7196
7197
7198
7199
7200
7201
7202
7203
7204
7205
7206
7207
7208
7209
7210
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216
7217
7218
7219
7220
7221
7222
7223
7224
7225
7226
7227
7228
7229
7230
7231
7232
7233
7234
7235
7236
7237
7238
7239
7240
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7246
7247
7248
7249
7250
7251
7252
7253
7254
7255
7256
7257
7258
7259
7260
7261
7262
7263
7264
7265
7266
7267
7268
7269
7270
7271
7272
7273
7274
7275
7276
7277
7278
7279
7280
7281
7282
7283
7284
7285
7286
7287
7288
7289
7290
7291
7292
7293
7294
7295
7296
7297
7298
7299
7300
7301
7302
7303
7304
7305
7306
7307
7308
7309
7310
7311
7312
7313
7314
7315
7316
7317
7318
7319
7320
7321
7322
7323
7324
7325
7326
7327
7328
7329
7330
7331
7332
7333
7334
7335
7336
7337
7338
7339
7340
7341
7342
7343
7344
7345
7346
7347
7348
7349
7350
7351
7352
7353
7354
7355
7356
7357
7358
7359
7360
7361
7362
7363
7364
7365
7366
7367
7368
7369
7370
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7377
7378
7379
7380
7381
7382
7383
7384
7385
7386
7387
7388
7389
7390
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
7396
7397
7398
7399
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7415
7416
7417
7418
7419
7420
7421
7422
7423
7424
7425
7426
7427
7428
7429
7430
7431
7432
7433
7434
7435
7436
7437
7438
7439
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7449
7450
7451
7452
7453
7454
7455
7456
7457
7458
7459
7460
7461
7462
7463
7464
7465
7466
7467
7468
7469
7470
7471
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7477
7478
7479
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
7485
7486
7487
7488
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
7497
7498
7499
7500
7501
7502
7503
7504
7505
7506
7507
7508
7509
7510
7511
7512
7513
7514
7515
7516
7517
7518
7519
7520
7521
7522
7523
7524
7525
7526
7527
7528
7529
7530
7531
7532
7533
7534
7535
7536
7537
7538
7539
7540
7541
7542
7543
7544
7545
7546
7547
7548
7549
7550
7551
7552
7553
7554
7555
7556
7557
7558
7559
7560
7561
7562
7563
7564
7565
7566
7567
7568
7569
7570
7571
7572
7573
7574
7575
7576
7577
7578
7579
7580
7581
7582
7583
7584
7585
7586
7587
7588
7589
7590
7591
7592
7593
7594
7595
7596
7597
7598
7599
7600
7601
7602
7603
7604
7605
7606
7607
7608
7609
7610
7611
7612
7613
7614
7615
7616
7617
7618
7619
7620
7621
7622
7623
7624
7625
7626
7627
7628
7629
7630
7631
7632
7633
7634
7635
7636
7637
7638
7639
7640
7641
7642
7643
7644
7645
7646
7647
7648
7649
7650
7651
7652
7653
7654
7655
7656
7657
7658
7659
7660
7661
7662
7663
7664
7665
7666
7667
7668
7669
7670
7671
7672
7673
7674
7675
7676
7677
7678
7679
7680
7681
7682
7683
7684
7685
7686
7687
7688
7689
7690
7691
7692
7693
7694
7695
7696
7697
7698
7699
7700
7701
7702
7703
7704
7705
7706
7707
7708
7709
7710
7711
7712
7713
7714
7715
7716
7717
7718
7719
7720
7721
7722
7723
7724
7725
7726
7727
7728
7729
7730
7731
7732
7733
7734
7735
7736
7737
7738
7739
7740
7741
7742
7743
7744
7745
7746
7747
7748
7749
7750
7751
7752
7753
7754
7755
7756
7757
7758
7759
7760
7761
7762
7763
7764
7765
7766
7767
7768
7769
7770
7771
7772
7773
7774
7775
7776
7777
7778
7779
7780
7781
7782
7783
7784
7785
7786
7787
7788
7789
7790
7791
7792
7793
7794
7795
7796
7797
7798
7799
7800
7801
7802
7803
7804
7805
7806
7807
7808
7809
7810
7811
7812
7813
7814
7815
7816
7817
7818
7819
7820
7821
7822
7823
7824
7825
7826
7827
7828
7829
7830
7831
7832
7833
7834
7835
7836
7837
7838
7839
7840
7841
7842
7843
7844
7845
7846
7847
7848
7849
7850
7851
7852
7853
7854
7855
7856
7857
7858
7859
7860
7861
7862
7863
7864
7865
7866
7867
7868
7869
7870
7871
7872
7873
7874
7875
7876
7877
7878
7879
7880
7881
7882
7883
7884
7885
7886
7887
7888
7889
7890
7891
7892
7893
7894
7895
7896
7897
7898
7899
7900
7901
7902
7903
7904
7905
7906
7907
7908
7909
7910
7911
7912
7913
7914
7915
7916
7917
7918
7919
7920
7921
7922
7923
7924
7925
7926
7927
7928
7929
7930
7931
7932
7933
7934
7935
7936
7937
7938
7939
7940
7941
7942
7943
7944
7945
7946
7947
7948
7949
7950
7951
7952
7953
7954
7955
7956
7957
7958
7959
7960
7961
7962
7963
7964
7965
7966
7967
7968
7969
7970
7971
7972
7973
7974
7975
7976
7977
7978
7979
7980
7981
7982
7983
7984
7985
7986
7987
7988
7989
7990
7991
7992
7993
7994
7995
7996
7997
7998
7999
8000
8001
8002
8003
8004
8005
8006
8007
8008
8009
8010
8011
8012
8013
8014
8015
8016
8017
8018
8019
8020
8021
8022
8023
8024
8025
8026
8027
8028
8029
8030
8031
8032
8033
8034
8035
8036
8037
8038
8039
8040
8041
8042
8043
8044
8045
8046
8047
8048
8049
8050
8051
8052
8053
8054
8055
8056
8057
8058
8059
8060
8061
8062
8063
8064
8065
8066
8067
8068
8069
8070
8071
8072
8073
8074
8075
8076
8077
8078
8079
8080
8081
8082
8083
8084
8085
8086
8087
8088
8089
8090
8091
8092
8093
8094
8095
8096
8097
8098
8099
8100
8101
8102
8103
8104
8105
8106
8107
8108
8109
8110
8111
8112
8113
8114
8115
8116
8117
8118
8119
8120
8121
8122
8123
8124
8125
8126
8127
8128
8129
8130
8131
8132
8133
8134
8135
8136
8137
8138
8139
8140
8141
8142
8143
8144
8145
8146
8147
8148
8149
8150
8151
8152
8153
8154
8155
8156
8157
8158
8159
8160
8161
8162
8163
8164
8165
8166
8167
8168
8169
8170
8171
8172
8173
8174
8175
8176
8177
8178
8179
8180
8181
8182
8183
8184
8185
8186
8187
8188
8189
8190
8191
8192
8193
8194
8195
8196
8197
8198
8199
8200
8201
8202
8203
8204
8205
8206
8207
8208
8209
8210
8211
8212
8213
8214
8215
8216
8217
8218
8219
8220
8221
8222
8223
8224
8225
8226
8227
8228
8229
8230
8231
8232
8233
8234
8235
8236
8237
8238
8239
8240
8241
8242
8243
8244
8245
8246
8247
8248
8249
8250
8251
8252
8253
8254
8255
8256
8257
8258
8259
8260
8261
8262
8263
8264
8265
8266
8267
8268
8269
8270
8271
8272
8273
8274
8275
8276
8277
8278
8279
8280
8281
8282
8283
8284
8285
8286
8287
8288
8289
8290
8291
8292
8293
8294
8295
8296
8297
8298
8299
8300
8301
8302
8303
8304
8305
8306
8307
8308
8309
8310
8311
8312
8313
8314
8315
8316
8317
8318
8319
8320
8321
8322
8323
8324
8325
8326
8327
8328
8329
8330
8331
8332
8333
8334
8335
8336
8337
8338
8339
8340
8341
8342
8343
8344
8345
8346
8347
8348
8349
8350
8351
8352
8353
8354
8355
8356
8357
8358
8359
8360
8361
8362
8363
8364
8365
8366
8367
8368
8369
8370
8371
8372
8373
8374
8375
8376
8377
8378
8379
8380
8381
8382
8383
8384
8385
8386
8387
8388
8389
8390
8391
8392
8393
8394
8395
8396
8397
8398
8399
8400
8401
8402
8403
8404
8405
8406
8407
8408
8409
8410
8411
8412
8413
8414
8415
8416
8417
8418
8419
8420
8421
8422
8423
8424
8425
8426
8427
8428
8429
8430
8431
8432
8433
8434
8435
8436
8437
8438
8439
8440
8441
8442
8443
8444
8445
8446
8447
8448
8449
8450
8451
8452
8453
8454
8455
8456
8457
8458
8459
8460
8461
8462
8463
8464
8465
8466
8467
8468
8469
8470
8471
8472
8473
8474
8475
8476
8477
8478
8479
8480
8481
8482
8483
8484
8485
8486
8487
8488
8489
8490
8491
8492
8493
8494
8495
8496
8497
8498
8499
8500
8501
8502
8503
8504
8505
8506
8507
8508
8509
8510
8511
8512
8513
8514
8515
8516
8517
8518
8519
8520
8521
8522
8523
8524
8525
8526
8527
8528
8529
8530
8531
8532
8533
8534
8535
8536
8537
8538
8539
8540
8541
8542
8543
8544
8545
8546
8547
8548
8549
8550
8551
8552
8553
8554
8555
8556
8557
8558
8559
8560
8561
8562
8563
8564
8565
8566
8567
8568
8569
8570
8571
8572
8573
8574
8575
8576
8577
8578
8579
8580
8581
8582
8583
8584
8585
8586
8587
8588
8589
8590
8591
8592
8593
8594
8595
8596
8597
8598
8599
8600
8601
8602
8603
8604
8605
8606
8607
8608
8609
8610
8611
8612
8613
8614
8615
8616
8617
8618
8619
8620
8621
8622
8623
8624
8625
8626
8627
8628
8629
8630
8631
8632
8633
8634
8635
8636
8637
8638
8639
8640
8641
8642
8643
8644
8645
8646
8647
8648
8649
8650
8651
8652
8653
8654
8655
8656
8657
8658
8659
8660
8661
8662
8663
8664
8665
8666
8667
8668
8669
8670
8671
8672
8673
8674
8675
8676
8677
8678
8679
8680
8681
8682
8683
8684
8685
8686
8687
8688
8689
8690
8691
8692
8693
8694
8695
8696
8697
8698
8699
8700
8701
8702
8703
8704
8705
8706
8707
8708
8709
8710
8711
8712
8713
8714
8715
8716
8717
8718
8719
8720
8721
8722
8723
8724
8725
8726
8727
8728
8729
8730
8731
8732
8733
8734
8735
8736
8737
8738
8739
8740
8741
8742
8743
8744
8745
8746
8747
8748
8749
8750
8751
8752
8753
8754
8755
8756
8757
8758
8759
8760
8761
8762
8763
8764
8765
8766
8767
8768
8769
8770
8771
8772
8773
8774
8775
8776
8777
8778
8779
8780
8781
8782
8783
8784
8785
8786
8787
8788
8789
8790
8791
8792
8793
8794
8795
8796
8797
8798
8799
8800
8801
8802
8803
8804
8805
8806
8807
8808
8809
8810
8811
8812
8813
8814
8815
8816
8817
8818
8819
8820
8821
8822
8823
8824
8825
8826
8827
8828
8829
8830
8831
8832
8833
8834
8835
8836
8837
8838
8839
8840
8841
8842
8843
8844
8845
8846
8847
8848
8849
8850
8851
8852
8853
8854
8855
8856
8857
8858
8859
8860
8861
8862
8863
8864
8865
8866
8867
8868
8869
8870
8871
8872
8873
8874
8875
8876
8877
8878
8879
8880
8881
8882
8883
8884
8885
8886
8887
8888
8889
8890
8891
8892
8893
8894
8895
8896
8897
8898
8899
8900
8901
8902
8903
8904
8905
8906
8907
8908
8909
8910
8911
8912
8913
8914
8915
8916
8917
8918
8919
8920
8921
8922
8923
8924
8925
8926
8927
8928
8929
8930
8931
8932
8933
8934
8935
8936
8937
8938
8939
8940
8941
8942
8943
8944
8945
8946
8947
8948
8949
8950
8951
8952
8953
8954
8955
8956
8957
8958
8959
8960
8961
8962
8963
8964
8965
8966
8967
8968
8969
8970
8971
8972
8973
8974
8975
8976
8977
8978
8979
8980
8981
8982
8983
8984
8985
8986
8987
8988
8989
8990
8991
8992
8993
8994
8995
8996
8997
8998
8999
9000
9001
9002
9003
9004
9005
9006
9007
9008
9009
9010
9011
9012
9013
9014
9015
9016
9017
9018
9019
9020
9021
9022
9023
9024
9025
9026
9027
9028
9029
9030
9031
9032
9033
9034
9035
9036
9037
9038
9039
9040
9041
9042
9043
9044
9045
9046
9047
9048
9049
9050
9051
9052
9053
9054
9055
9056
9057
9058
9059
9060
9061
9062
9063
9064
9065
9066
9067
9068
9069
9070
9071
9072
9073
9074
9075
9076
9077
9078
9079
9080
9081
9082
9083
9084
9085
9086
9087
9088
9089
9090
9091
9092
9093
9094
9095
9096
9097
9098
9099
9100
9101
9102
9103
9104
9105
9106
9107
9108
9109
9110
9111
9112
9113
9114
9115
9116
9117
9118
9119
9120
9121
9122
9123
9124
9125
9126
9127
9128
9129
9130
9131
9132
9133
9134
9135
9136
9137
9138
9139
9140
9141
9142
9143
9144
9145
9146
9147
9148
9149
9150
9151
9152
9153
9154
9155
9156
9157
9158
9159
9160
9161
9162
9163
9164
9165
9166
9167
9168
9169
9170
9171
9172
9173
9174
9175
9176
9177
9178
9179
9180
9181
9182
9183
9184
9185
9186
9187
9188
9189
9190
9191
9192
9193
9194
9195
9196
9197
9198
9199
9200
9201
9202
9203
9204
9205
9206
9207
9208
9209
9210
9211
9212
9213
9214
9215
9216
9217
9218
9219
9220
9221
9222
9223
9224
9225
9226
9227
9228
9229
9230
9231
9232
9233
9234
9235
9236
9237
9238
9239
9240
9241
9242
9243
9244
9245
9246
9247
9248
9249
9250
9251
9252
9253
9254
9255
9256
9257
9258
9259
9260
9261
9262
9263
9264
9265
9266
9267
9268
9269
9270
9271
9272
9273
9274
9275
9276
9277
9278
9279
9280
9281
9282
9283
9284
9285
9286
9287
9288
9289
9290
9291
9292
9293
9294
9295
9296
9297
9298
9299
9300
9301
9302
9303
9304
9305
9306
9307
9308
9309
9310
9311
9312
9313
9314
9315
9316
9317
9318
9319
9320
9321
9322
9323
9324
9325
9326
9327
9328
9329
9330
9331
9332
9333
9334
9335
9336
9337
9338
9339
9340
9341
9342
9343
9344
9345
9346
9347
9348
9349
9350
9351
9352
9353
9354
9355
9356
9357
9358
9359
9360
9361
9362
9363
9364
9365
9366
9367
9368
9369
9370
9371
9372
9373
9374
9375
9376
9377
9378
9379
9380
9381
9382
9383
9384
9385
9386
9387
9388
9389
9390
9391
9392
9393
9394
9395
9396
9397
9398
9399
9400
9401
9402
9403
9404
9405
9406
9407
9408
9409
9410
9411
9412
9413
9414
9415
9416
9417
9418
9419
9420
9421
9422
9423
9424
9425
9426
9427
9428
9429
9430
9431
9432
9433
9434
9435
9436
9437
9438
9439
9440
9441
9442
9443
9444
9445
9446
9447
9448
9449
9450
9451
9452
9453
9454
9455
9456
9457
9458
9459
9460
9461
9462
9463
9464
9465
9466
9467
9468
9469
9470
9471
9472
9473
9474
9475
9476
9477
9478
9479
9480
9481
9482
9483
9484
9485
9486
9487
9488
9489
9490
9491
9492
9493
9494
9495
9496
9497
9498
9499
9500
9501
9502
9503
9504
9505
9506
9507
9508
9509
9510
9511
9512
9513
9514
9515
9516
9517
9518
9519
9520
9521
9522
9523
9524
9525
9526
9527
9528
9529
9530
9531
9532
9533
9534
9535
9536
9537
9538
9539
9540
9541
9542
9543
9544
9545
9546
9547
9548
9549
9550
9551
9552
9553
9554
9555
9556
9557
9558
9559
9560
9561
9562
9563
9564
9565
9566
9567
9568
9569
9570
9571
9572
9573
9574
9575
9576
9577
9578
9579
9580
9581
9582
9583
9584
9585
9586
9587
9588
9589
9590
9591
9592
9593
9594
9595
9596
9597
9598
9599
9600
9601
9602
9603
9604
9605
9606
9607
9608
9609
9610
9611
9612
9613
9614
9615
9616
9617
9618
9619
9620
9621
9622
9623
9624
9625
9626
9627
9628
9629
9630
9631
9632
9633
9634
9635
9636
9637
9638
9639
9640
9641
9642
9643
9644
9645
9646
9647
9648
9649
9650
9651
9652
9653
9654
9655
9656
9657
9658
9659
9660
9661
9662
9663
9664
9665
9666
9667
9668
9669
9670
9671
9672
9673
9674
9675
9676
9677
9678
9679
9680
9681
9682
9683
9684
9685
9686
9687
9688
9689
9690
9691
9692
9693
9694
9695
9696
9697
9698
9699
9700
9701
9702
9703
9704
9705
9706
9707
9708
9709
9710
9711
9712
9713
9714
9715
9716
9717
9718
9719
9720
9721
9722
9723
9724
9725
9726
9727
9728
9729
9730
9731
9732
9733
9734
9735
9736
9737
9738
9739
9740
9741
9742
9743
9744
9745
9746
9747
9748
9749
9750
9751
9752
9753
9754
9755
9756
9757
9758
9759
9760
9761
9762
9763
9764
9765
9766
9767
9768
9769
9770
9771
9772
9773
9774
9775
9776
9777
9778
9779
9780
9781
9782
9783
9784
9785
9786
9787
9788
9789
9790
9791
9792
9793
9794
9795
9796
9797
9798
9799
9800
9801
9802
9803
9804
9805
9806
9807
9808
9809
9810
9811
9812
9813
9814
9815
9816
9817
9818
9819
9820
9821
9822
9823
9824
9825
9826
9827
9828
9829
9830
9831
9832
9833
9834
9835
9836
9837
9838
9839
9840
9841
9842
9843
9844
9845
9846
9847
9848
9849
9850
9851
9852
9853
9854
9855
9856
9857
9858
9859
9860
9861
9862
9863
9864
9865
9866
9867
9868
9869
9870
9871
9872
9873
9874
9875
9876
9877
9878
9879
9880
9881
9882
9883
9884
9885
9886
9887
9888
9889
9890
9891
9892
9893
9894
9895
9896
9897
9898
9899
9900
9901
9902
9903
9904
9905
9906
9907
9908
9909
9910
9911
9912
9913
9914
9915
9916
9917
9918
9919
9920
9921
9922
9923
9924
9925
9926
9927
9928
9929
9930
9931
9932
9933
9934
9935
9936
9937
9938
9939
9940
9941
9942
9943
9944
9945
9946
9947
9948
9949
9950
9951
9952
9953
9954
9955
9956
9957
9958
9959
9960
9961
9962
9963
9964
9965
9966
9967
9968
9969
9970
9971
9972
9973
9974
9975
9976
9977
9978
9979
9980
9981
9982
9983
9984
9985
9986
9987
9988
9989
9990
9991
9992
9993
9994
9995
9996
9997
9998
9999
10000
10001
10002
10003
10004
10005
10006
10007
10008
10009
10010
10011
10012
10013
10014
10015
10016
10017
10018
10019
10020
10021
10022
10023
10024
10025
10026
10027
10028
10029
10030
10031
10032
10033
10034
10035
10036
10037
10038
10039
10040
10041
10042
10043
10044
10045
10046
10047
10048
10049
10050
10051
10052
10053
10054
10055
10056
10057
10058
10059
10060
10061
10062
10063
10064
10065
10066
10067
10068
10069
10070
10071
10072
10073
10074
10075
10076
10077
10078
10079
10080
10081
10082
10083
10084
10085
10086
10087
10088
10089
10090
10091
10092
10093
10094
10095
10096
10097
10098
10099
10100
10101
10102
10103
10104
10105
10106
10107
10108
10109
10110
10111
10112
10113
10114
10115
10116
10117
10118
10119
10120
10121
10122
10123
10124
10125
10126
10127
10128
10129
10130
10131
10132
10133
10134
10135
10136
10137
10138
10139
10140
10141
10142
10143
10144
10145
10146
10147
10148
10149
10150
10151
10152
10153
10154
10155
10156
10157
10158
10159
10160
10161
10162
10163
10164
10165
10166
10167
10168
10169
10170
10171
10172
10173
10174
10175
10176
10177
10178
10179
10180
10181
10182
10183
10184
10185
10186
10187
10188
10189
10190
10191
10192
10193
10194
10195
10196
10197
10198
10199
10200
10201
10202
10203
10204
10205
10206
10207
10208
10209
10210
10211
10212
10213
10214
10215
10216
10217
10218
10219
10220
10221
10222
10223
10224
10225
10226
10227
10228
10229
10230
10231
10232
10233
10234
10235
10236
10237
10238
10239
10240
10241
10242
10243
10244
10245
10246
10247
10248
10249
10250
10251
10252
10253
10254
10255
10256
10257
10258
10259
10260
10261
10262
10263
10264
10265
10266
10267
10268
10269
10270
10271
10272
10273
10274
10275
10276
10277
10278
10279
10280
10281
10282
10283
10284
10285
10286
10287
10288
10289
10290
10291
10292
10293
10294
10295
10296
10297
10298
10299
10300
10301
10302
10303
10304
10305
10306
10307
10308
10309
10310
10311
10312
10313
10314
10315
10316
10317
10318
10319
10320
10321
10322
10323
10324
10325
10326
10327
10328
10329
10330
10331
10332
10333
10334
10335
10336
10337
10338
10339
10340
10341
10342
10343
10344
10345
10346
10347
10348
10349
10350
10351
10352
10353
10354
10355
10356
10357
10358
10359
10360
10361
10362
10363
10364
10365
10366
10367
10368
10369
10370
10371
10372
10373
10374
10375
10376
10377
10378
10379
10380
10381
10382
10383
10384
10385
10386
10387
10388
10389
10390
10391
10392
10393
10394
10395
10396
10397
10398
10399
10400
10401
10402
10403
10404
10405
10406
10407
10408
10409
10410
10411
10412
10413
10414
10415
10416
10417
10418
10419
10420
10421
10422
10423
10424
10425
10426
10427
10428
10429
10430
10431
10432
10433
10434
10435
10436
10437
10438
10439
10440
10441
10442
10443
10444
10445
10446
10447
10448
10449
10450
10451
10452
10453
10454
10455
10456
10457
10458
10459
10460
10461
10462
10463
10464
10465
10466
10467
10468
10469
10470
10471
10472
10473
10474
10475
10476
10477
10478
10479
10480
10481
10482
10483
10484
10485
10486
10487
10488
10489
10490
10491
10492
10493
10494
10495
10496
10497
10498
10499
10500
10501
10502
10503
10504
10505
10506
10507
10508
10509
10510
10511
10512
10513
10514
10515
10516
10517
10518
10519
10520
10521
10522
10523
10524
10525
10526
10527
10528
10529
10530
10531
10532
10533
10534
10535
10536
10537
10538
10539
10540
10541
10542
10543
10544
10545
10546
10547
10548
10549
10550
10551
10552
10553
10554
10555
10556
10557
10558
10559
10560
10561
10562
10563
10564
10565
10566
10567
10568
10569
10570
10571
10572
10573
10574
10575
10576
10577
10578
10579
10580
10581
10582
10583
10584
10585
10586
10587
10588
10589
10590
10591
10592
10593
10594
10595
10596
10597
10598
10599
10600
10601
10602
10603
10604
10605
10606
10607
10608
10609
10610
10611
10612
10613
10614
10615
10616
10617
10618
10619
10620
10621
10622
10623
10624
10625
10626
10627
10628
10629
10630
10631
10632
10633
10634
10635
10636
10637
10638
10639
10640
10641
10642
10643
10644
10645
10646
10647
10648
10649
10650
10651
10652
10653
10654
10655
10656
10657
10658
10659
10660
10661
10662
10663
10664
10665
10666
10667
10668
10669
10670
10671
10672
10673
10674
10675
10676
10677
10678
10679
10680
10681
10682
10683
10684
10685
10686
10687
10688
10689
10690
10691
10692
10693
10694
10695
10696
10697
10698
10699
10700
10701
10702
10703
10704
10705
10706
10707
10708
10709
10710
10711
10712
10713
10714
10715
10716
10717
10718
10719
10720
10721
10722
10723
10724
10725
10726
10727
10728
10729
10730
10731
10732
10733
10734
10735
10736
10737
10738
10739
10740
10741
10742
10743
10744
10745
10746
10747
10748
10749
10750
10751
10752
10753
10754
10755
10756
10757
10758
10759
10760
10761
10762
10763
10764
10765
10766
10767
10768
10769
10770
10771
10772
10773
10774
10775
10776
10777
10778
10779
10780
10781
10782
10783
10784
10785
10786
10787
10788
10789
10790
10791
10792
10793
10794
10795
10796
10797
10798
10799
10800
10801
10802
10803
10804
10805
10806
10807
10808
10809
10810
10811
10812
10813
10814
10815
10816
10817
10818
10819
10820
10821
10822
10823
10824
10825
10826
10827
10828
10829
10830
10831
10832
10833
10834
10835
10836
10837
10838
10839
10840
10841
10842
10843
10844
10845
10846
10847
10848
10849
10850
10851
10852
10853
10854
10855
10856
10857
10858
10859
10860
10861
10862
10863
10864
10865
10866
10867
10868
10869
10870
10871
10872
10873
10874
10875
10876
10877
10878
10879
10880
10881
10882
10883
10884
10885
10886
10887
10888
10889
10890
10891
10892
10893
10894
10895
10896
10897
10898
10899
10900
10901
10902
10903
10904
10905
10906
10907
10908
10909
10910
10911
10912
10913
10914
10915
10916
10917
10918
10919
10920
10921
10922
10923
10924
10925
10926
10927
10928
10929
10930
10931
10932
10933
10934
10935
10936
10937
10938
10939
10940
10941
10942
10943
10944
10945
10946
10947
10948
10949
10950
10951
10952
10953
10954
10955
10956
10957
10958
10959
10960
10961
10962
10963
10964
10965
10966
10967
10968
10969
10970
10971
10972
10973
10974
10975
10976
10977
10978
10979
10980
10981
10982
10983
10984
10985
10986
10987
10988
10989
10990
10991
10992
10993
10994
10995
10996
10997
10998
10999
11000
11001
11002
11003
11004
11005
11006
11007
11008
11009
11010
11011
11012
11013
11014
11015
11016
11017
11018
11019
11020
11021
11022
11023
11024
11025
11026
11027
11028
11029
11030
11031
11032
11033
11034
11035
11036
11037
11038
11039
11040
11041
11042
11043
11044
11045
11046
11047
11048
11049
11050
11051
11052
11053
11054
11055
11056
11057
11058
11059
11060
11061
11062
11063
11064
11065
11066
11067
11068
11069
11070
11071
11072
11073
11074
11075
11076
11077
11078
11079
11080
11081
11082
11083
11084
11085
11086
11087
11088
11089
11090
11091
11092
11093
11094
11095
11096
11097
11098
11099
11100
11101
11102
11103
11104
11105
11106
11107
11108
11109
11110
11111
11112
11113
11114
11115
11116
11117
11118
11119
11120
11121
11122
11123
11124
11125
11126
11127
11128
11129
11130
11131
11132
11133
11134
11135
11136
11137
11138
11139
11140
11141
11142
11143
11144
11145
11146
11147
11148
11149
11150
11151
11152
11153
11154
11155
11156
11157
11158
11159
11160
11161
11162
11163
11164
11165
11166
11167
11168
11169
11170
11171
11172
11173
11174
11175
11176
11177
11178
11179
11180
11181
11182
11183
11184
11185
11186
11187
11188
11189
11190
11191
11192
11193
11194
11195
11196
11197
11198
11199
11200
11201
11202
11203
11204
11205
11206
11207
11208
11209
11210
11211
11212
11213
11214
11215
11216
11217
11218
11219
11220
11221
11222
11223
11224
11225
11226
11227
11228
11229
11230
11231
11232
11233
11234
11235
11236
11237
11238
11239
11240
11241
11242
11243
11244
11245
11246
11247
11248
11249
11250
11251
11252
11253
11254
11255
11256
11257
11258
11259
11260
11261
11262
11263
11264
11265
11266
11267
11268
11269
11270
11271
11272
11273
11274
11275
11276
11277
11278
11279
11280
11281
11282
11283
11284
11285
11286
11287
11288
11289
11290
11291
11292
11293
11294
11295
11296
11297
11298
11299
11300
11301
11302
11303
11304
11305
11306
11307
11308
11309
11310
11311
11312
11313
11314
11315
11316
11317
11318
11319
11320
11321
11322
11323
11324
11325
11326
11327
11328
11329
11330
11331
11332
11333
11334
11335
11336
11337
11338
11339
11340
11341
11342
11343
11344
11345
11346
11347
11348
11349
11350
11351
11352
11353
11354
11355
11356
11357
11358
11359
11360
11361
11362
11363
11364
11365
11366
11367
11368
11369
11370
11371
11372
11373
11374
11375
11376
11377
11378
11379
11380
11381
11382
11383
11384
11385
11386
11387
11388
11389
11390
11391
11392
11393
11394
11395
11396
11397
11398
11399
11400
11401
11402
11403
11404
11405
11406
11407
11408
11409
11410
11411
11412
11413
11414
11415
11416
11417
11418
11419
11420
11421
11422
11423
11424
11425
11426
11427
11428
11429
11430
11431
11432
11433
11434
11435
11436
11437
11438
11439
11440
11441
11442
11443
11444
11445
11446
11447
11448
11449
11450
11451
11452
11453
11454
11455
11456
11457
11458
11459
11460
11461
11462
11463
11464
11465
11466
11467
11468
11469
11470
11471
11472
11473
11474
11475
11476
11477
11478
11479
11480
11481
11482
11483
11484
11485
11486
11487
11488
11489
11490
11491
11492
11493
11494
11495
11496
11497
11498
11499
11500
11501
11502
11503
11504
11505
11506
11507
11508
11509
11510
11511
11512
11513
11514
11515
11516
11517
11518
11519
11520
11521
11522
11523
11524
11525
11526
11527
11528
11529
11530
11531
11532
11533
11534
11535
11536
11537
11538
11539
11540
11541
11542
11543
11544
11545
11546
11547
11548
11549
11550
11551
11552
11553
11554
11555
11556
11557
11558
11559
11560
11561
11562
11563
11564
11565
11566
11567
11568
11569
11570
11571
11572
11573
11574
11575
11576
11577
11578
11579
11580
11581
11582
11583
11584
11585
11586
11587
11588
11589
11590
11591
11592
11593
11594
11595
11596
11597
11598
11599
11600
11601
11602
11603
11604
11605
11606
11607
11608
11609
11610
11611
11612
11613
11614
11615
11616
11617
11618
11619
11620
11621
11622
11623
11624
11625
11626
11627
11628
11629
11630
11631
11632
11633
11634
11635
11636
11637
11638
11639
11640
11641
11642
11643
11644
11645
11646
11647
11648
11649
11650
11651
11652
11653
11654
11655
11656
11657
11658
11659
11660
11661
11662
11663
11664
11665
11666
11667
11668
11669
11670
11671
11672
11673
11674
11675
11676
11677
11678
11679
11680
11681
11682
11683
11684
11685
11686
11687
11688
11689
11690
11691
11692
11693
11694
11695
11696
11697
11698
11699
11700
11701
11702
11703
11704
11705
11706
11707
11708
11709
11710
11711
11712
11713
11714
11715
11716
11717
11718
11719
11720
11721
11722
11723
11724
11725
11726
11727
11728
11729
11730
11731
11732
11733
11734
11735
11736
11737
11738
11739
11740
11741
11742
11743
11744
11745
11746
11747
11748
11749
11750
11751
11752
11753
11754
11755
11756
11757
11758
11759
11760
11761
11762
11763
11764
11765
11766
11767
11768
11769
11770
11771
11772
11773
11774
11775
11776
11777
11778
11779
11780
11781
11782
11783
11784
11785
11786
11787
11788
11789
11790
11791
11792
11793
11794
11795
11796
11797
11798
11799
11800
11801
11802
11803
11804
11805
11806
11807
11808
11809
11810
11811
11812
11813
11814
11815
11816
11817
11818
11819
11820
11821
11822
11823
11824
11825
11826
11827
11828
11829
11830
11831
11832
11833
11834
11835
11836
11837
11838
11839
11840
11841
11842
11843
11844
11845
11846
11847
11848
11849
11850
11851
11852
11853
11854
11855
11856
11857
11858
11859
11860
11861
11862
11863
11864
11865
11866
11867
11868
11869
11870
11871
11872
11873
11874
11875
11876
11877
11878
11879
11880
11881
11882
11883
11884
11885
11886
11887
11888
11889
11890
11891
11892
11893
11894
11895
11896
11897
11898
11899
11900
11901
11902
11903
11904
11905
11906
11907
11908
11909
11910
11911
11912
11913
11914
11915
11916
11917
11918
11919
11920
11921
11922
11923
11924
11925
11926
11927
11928
11929
11930
11931
11932
11933
11934
11935
11936
11937
11938
11939
11940
11941
11942
11943
11944
11945
11946
11947
11948
11949
11950
11951
11952
11953
11954
11955
11956
11957
11958
11959
11960
11961
11962
11963
11964
11965
11966
11967
11968
11969
11970
11971
11972
11973
11974
11975
11976
11977
11978
11979
11980
11981
11982
11983
11984
11985
11986
11987
11988
11989
11990
11991
11992
11993
11994
11995
11996
11997
11998
11999
12000
12001
12002
12003
12004
12005
12006
12007
12008
12009
12010
12011
12012
12013
12014
12015
12016
12017
12018
12019
12020
12021
12022
12023
12024
12025
12026
12027
12028
12029
12030
12031
12032
12033
12034
12035
12036
12037
12038
12039
12040
12041
12042
12043
12044
12045
12046
12047
12048
12049
12050
12051
12052
12053
12054
12055
12056
12057
12058
12059
12060
12061
12062
12063
12064
12065
12066
12067
12068
12069
12070
12071
12072
12073
12074
12075
12076
12077
12078
12079
12080
12081
12082
12083
12084
12085
12086
12087
12088
12089
12090
12091
12092
12093
12094
12095
12096
12097
12098
12099
12100
12101
12102
12103
12104
12105
12106
12107
12108
12109
12110
12111
12112
12113
12114
12115
12116
12117
12118
12119
12120
12121
12122
12123
12124
12125
12126
12127
12128
12129
12130
12131
12132
12133
12134
12135
12136
12137
12138
12139
12140
12141
12142
12143
12144
12145
12146
12147
12148
12149
12150
12151
12152
12153
12154
12155
12156
12157
12158
12159
12160
12161
12162
12163
12164
12165
12166
12167
12168
12169
12170
12171
12172
12173
12174
12175
12176
12177
12178
12179
12180
12181
12182
12183
12184
12185
12186
12187
12188
12189
12190
12191
12192
12193
12194
12195
12196
12197
12198
12199
12200
12201
12202
12203
12204
12205
12206
12207
12208
12209
12210
12211
12212
12213
12214
12215
12216
12217
12218
12219
12220
12221
12222
12223
12224
12225
12226
12227
12228
12229
12230
12231
12232
12233
12234
12235
12236
12237
12238
12239
12240
12241
12242
12243
12244
12245
12246
12247
12248
12249
12250
12251
12252
12253
12254
12255
12256
12257
12258
12259
12260
12261
12262
12263
12264
12265
12266
12267
12268
12269
12270
12271
12272
12273
12274
12275
12276
12277
12278
12279
12280
12281
12282
12283
12284
12285
12286
12287
12288
12289
12290
12291
12292
12293
12294
12295
12296
12297
12298
12299
12300
12301
12302
12303
12304
12305
12306
12307
12308
12309
12310
12311
12312
12313
12314
12315
12316
12317
12318
12319
12320
12321
12322
12323
12324
12325
12326
12327
12328
12329
12330
12331
12332
12333
12334
12335
12336
12337
12338
12339
12340
12341
12342
12343
12344
12345
12346
12347
12348
12349
12350
12351
12352
12353
12354
12355
12356
12357
12358
12359
12360
12361
12362
12363
12364
12365
12366
12367
12368
12369
12370
12371
12372
12373
12374
12375
12376
12377
12378
12379
12380
12381
12382
12383
12384
12385
12386
12387
12388
12389
12390
12391
12392
12393
12394
12395
12396
12397
12398
12399
12400
12401
12402
12403
12404
12405
12406
12407
12408
12409
12410
12411
12412
12413
12414
12415
12416
12417
12418
12419
12420
12421
12422
12423
12424
12425
12426
12427
12428
12429
12430
12431
12432
12433
12434
12435
12436
12437
12438
12439
12440
12441
12442
12443
12444
12445
12446
12447
12448
12449
12450
12451
12452
12453
12454
12455
12456
12457
12458
12459
12460
12461
12462
12463
12464
12465
12466
12467
12468
12469
12470
12471
12472
12473
12474
12475
12476
12477
12478
12479
12480
12481
12482
12483
12484
12485
12486
12487
12488
12489
12490
12491
12492
12493
12494
12495
12496
12497
12498
12499
12500
12501
12502
12503
12504
12505
12506
12507
12508
12509
12510
12511
12512
12513
12514
12515
12516
12517
12518
12519
12520
12521
12522
12523
12524
12525
12526
12527
12528
12529
12530
12531
12532
12533
12534
12535
12536
12537
12538
12539
12540
12541
12542
12543
12544
12545
12546
12547
12548
12549
12550
12551
12552
12553
12554
12555
12556
12557
12558
12559
12560
12561
12562
12563
12564
12565
12566
12567
12568
12569
12570
12571
12572
12573
12574
12575
12576
12577
12578
12579
12580
12581
12582
12583
12584
12585
12586
12587
12588
12589
12590
12591
12592
12593
12594
12595
12596
12597
12598
12599
12600
12601
12602
12603
12604
12605
12606
12607
12608
12609
12610
12611
12612
12613
12614
12615
12616
12617
12618
12619
12620
12621
12622
12623
12624
12625
12626
12627
12628
12629
12630
12631
12632
12633
12634
12635
12636
12637
12638
12639
12640
12641
12642
12643
12644
12645
12646
12647
12648
12649
12650
12651
12652
12653
12654
12655
12656
12657
12658
12659
12660
12661
12662
12663
12664
12665
12666
12667
12668
12669
12670
12671
12672
12673
12674
12675
12676
12677
12678
12679
12680
12681
12682
12683
12684
12685
12686
12687
12688
12689
12690
12691
12692
12693
12694
12695
12696
12697
12698
12699
12700
12701
12702
12703
12704
12705
12706
12707
12708
12709
12710
12711
12712
12713
12714
12715
12716
12717
12718
12719
12720
12721
12722
12723
12724
12725
12726
12727
12728
12729
12730
12731
12732
12733
12734
12735
12736
12737
12738
12739
12740
12741
12742
12743
12744
12745
12746
12747
12748
12749
12750
12751
12752
12753
12754
12755
12756
12757
12758
12759
12760
12761
12762
12763
12764
12765
12766
12767
12768
12769
12770
12771
12772
12773
12774
12775
12776
12777
12778
12779
12780
12781
12782
12783
12784
12785
12786
12787
12788
12789
12790
12791
12792
12793
12794
12795
12796
12797
12798
12799
12800
12801
12802
12803
12804
12805
12806
12807
12808
12809
12810
12811
12812
12813
12814
12815
12816
12817
12818
12819
12820
12821
12822
12823
12824
12825
12826
12827
12828
12829
12830
12831
12832
12833
12834
12835
12836
12837
12838
12839
12840
12841
12842
12843
12844
12845
12846
12847
12848
12849
12850
12851
12852
12853
12854
12855
12856
12857
12858
12859
12860
12861
12862
12863
12864
12865
12866
12867
12868
12869
12870
12871
12872
12873
12874
12875
12876
12877
12878
12879
12880
12881
12882
12883
12884
12885
12886
12887
12888
12889
12890
12891
12892
12893
12894
12895
12896
12897
12898
12899
12900
12901
12902
12903
12904
12905
12906
12907
12908
12909
12910
12911
12912
12913
12914
12915
12916
12917
12918
12919
12920
12921
12922
12923
12924
12925
12926
12927
12928
12929
12930
12931
12932
12933
12934
12935
12936
12937
12938
12939
12940
12941
12942
12943
12944
12945
12946
12947
12948
12949
12950
12951
12952
12953
12954
12955
12956
12957
12958
12959
12960
12961
12962
12963
12964
12965
12966
12967
12968
12969
12970
12971
12972
12973
12974
12975
12976
12977
12978
12979
12980
12981
12982
12983
12984
12985
12986
12987
12988
12989
12990
12991
12992
12993
12994
12995
12996
12997
12998
12999
13000
13001
13002
13003
13004
13005
13006
13007
13008
13009
13010
13011
13012
13013
13014
13015
13016
13017
13018
13019
13020
13021
13022
13023
13024
13025
13026
13027
13028
13029
13030
13031
13032
13033
13034
13035
13036
13037
13038
13039
13040
13041
13042
13043
13044
13045
13046
13047
13048
13049
13050
13051
13052
13053
13054
13055
13056
13057
13058
13059
13060
13061
13062
13063
13064
13065
13066
13067
13068
13069
13070
13071
13072
13073
13074
13075
13076
13077
13078
13079
13080
13081
13082
13083
13084
13085
13086
13087
13088
13089
13090
13091
13092
13093
13094
13095
13096
13097
13098
13099
13100
13101
13102
13103
13104
13105
13106
13107
13108
13109
13110
13111
13112
13113
13114
13115
13116
13117
13118
13119
13120
13121
13122
13123
13124
13125
13126
13127
13128
13129
13130
13131
13132
13133
13134
13135
13136
13137
13138
13139
13140
13141
13142
13143
13144
13145
13146
13147
13148
13149
13150
13151
13152
13153
13154
13155
13156
13157
13158
13159
13160
13161
13162
13163
13164
13165
13166
13167
13168
13169
13170
13171
13172
13173
13174
13175
13176
13177
13178
13179
13180
13181
13182
13183
13184
13185
13186
13187
13188
13189
13190
13191
13192
13193
13194
13195
13196
13197
13198
13199
13200
13201
13202
13203
13204
13205
13206
13207
13208
13209
13210
13211
13212
13213
13214
13215
13216
13217
13218
13219
13220
13221
13222
13223
13224
13225
13226
13227
13228
13229
13230
13231
13232
13233
13234
13235
13236
13237
13238
13239
13240
13241
13242
13243
13244
13245
13246
13247
13248
13249
13250
13251
13252
13253
13254
13255
13256
13257
13258
13259
13260
13261
13262
13263
13264
13265
13266
13267
13268
13269
13270
13271
13272
13273
13274
13275
13276
13277
13278
13279
13280
13281
13282
13283
13284
13285
13286
13287
13288
13289
13290
13291
13292
13293
13294
13295
13296
13297
13298
13299
13300
13301
13302
13303
13304
13305
13306
13307
13308
13309
13310
13311
13312
13313
13314
13315
13316
13317
13318
13319
13320
13321
13322
13323
13324
13325
13326
13327
13328
13329
13330
13331
13332
13333
13334
13335
13336
13337
13338
13339
13340
13341
13342
13343
13344
13345
13346
13347
13348
13349
13350
13351
13352
13353
13354
13355
13356
13357
13358
13359
13360
13361
13362
13363
13364
13365
13366
13367
13368
13369
13370
13371
13372
13373
13374
13375
13376
13377
13378
13379
13380
13381
13382
13383
13384
13385
13386
13387
13388
13389
13390
13391
13392
13393
13394
13395
13396
13397
13398
13399
13400
13401
13402
13403
13404
13405
13406
13407
13408
13409
13410
13411
13412
13413
13414
13415
13416
13417
13418
13419
13420
13421
13422
13423
13424
13425
13426
13427
13428
13429
13430
13431
13432
13433
13434
13435
13436
13437
13438
13439
13440
13441
13442
13443
13444
13445
13446
13447
13448
13449
13450
13451
13452
13453
13454
13455
13456
13457
13458
13459
13460
13461
13462
13463
13464
13465
13466
13467
13468
13469
13470
13471
13472
13473
13474
13475
13476
13477
13478
13479
13480
13481
13482
13483
13484
13485
13486
13487
13488
13489
13490
13491
13492
13493
13494
13495
13496
13497
13498
13499
13500
13501
13502
13503
13504
13505
13506
13507
13508
13509
13510
13511
13512
13513
13514
13515
13516
13517
13518
13519
13520
13521
13522
13523
13524
13525
13526
13527
13528
13529
13530
13531
13532
13533
13534
13535
13536
13537
13538
13539
13540
13541
13542
13543
13544
13545
13546
13547
13548
13549
13550
13551
13552
13553
13554
13555
13556
13557
13558
13559
13560
13561
13562
13563
13564
13565
13566
13567
13568
13569
13570
13571
13572
13573
13574
13575
13576
13577
13578
13579
13580
13581
13582
13583
13584
13585
13586
13587
13588
13589
13590
13591
13592
13593
13594
13595
13596
13597
13598
13599
13600
13601
13602
13603
13604
13605
13606
13607
13608
13609
13610
13611
13612
13613
13614
13615
13616
13617
13618
13619
13620
13621
13622
13623
13624
13625
13626
13627
13628
13629
13630
13631
13632
13633
13634
13635
13636
13637
13638
13639
13640
13641
13642
13643
13644
13645
13646
13647
13648
13649
13650
13651
13652
13653
13654
13655
13656
13657
13658
13659
13660
13661
13662
13663
13664
13665
13666
13667
13668
13669
13670
13671
13672
13673
13674
13675
13676
13677
13678
13679
13680
13681
13682
13683
13684
13685
13686
13687
13688
13689
13690
13691
13692
13693
13694
13695
13696
13697
13698
13699
13700
13701
13702
13703
13704
13705
13706
13707
13708
13709
13710
13711
13712
13713
13714
13715
13716
13717
13718
13719
13720
13721
13722
13723
13724
13725
13726
13727
13728
13729
13730
13731
13732
13733
13734
13735
13736
13737
13738
13739
13740
13741
13742
13743
13744
13745
13746
13747
13748
13749
13750
13751
13752
13753
13754
13755
13756
13757
13758
13759
13760
13761
13762
13763
13764
13765
13766
13767
13768
13769
13770
13771
13772
13773
13774
13775
13776
13777
13778
13779
13780
13781
13782
13783
13784
13785
13786
13787
13788
13789
13790
13791
13792
13793
13794
13795
13796
13797
13798
13799
13800
13801
13802
13803
13804
13805
13806
13807
13808
13809
13810
13811
13812
13813
13814
13815
13816
13817
13818
13819
13820
13821
13822
13823
13824
13825
13826
13827
13828
13829
13830
13831
13832
13833
13834
13835
13836
13837
13838
13839
13840
13841
13842
13843
13844
13845
13846
13847
13848
13849
13850
13851
13852
13853
13854
13855
13856
13857
13858
13859
13860
13861
13862
13863
13864
13865
13866
13867
13868
13869
13870
13871
13872
13873
13874
13875
13876
13877
13878
13879
13880
13881
13882
13883
13884
13885
13886
13887
13888
13889
13890
13891
13892
13893
13894
13895
13896
13897
13898
13899
13900
13901
13902
13903
13904
13905
13906
13907
13908
13909
13910
13911
13912
13913
13914
13915
13916
13917
13918
13919
13920
13921
13922
13923
13924
13925
13926
13927
13928
13929
13930
13931
13932
13933
13934
13935
13936
13937
13938
13939
13940
13941
13942
13943
13944
13945
13946
13947
13948
13949
13950
13951
13952
13953
13954
13955
13956
13957
13958
13959
13960
13961
13962
13963
13964
13965
13966
13967
13968
13969
13970
13971
13972
13973
13974
13975
13976
13977
13978
13979
13980
13981
13982
13983
13984
13985
13986
13987
13988
13989
13990
13991
13992
13993
13994
13995
13996
13997
13998
13999
14000
14001
14002
14003
14004
14005
14006
14007
14008
14009
14010
14011
14012
14013
14014
14015
14016
14017
14018
14019
14020
14021
14022
14023
14024
14025
14026
14027
14028
14029
14030
14031
14032
14033
14034
14035
14036
14037
14038
14039
14040
14041
14042
14043
14044
14045
14046
14047
14048
14049
14050
14051
14052
14053
14054
14055
14056
14057
14058
14059
14060
14061
14062
14063
14064
14065
14066
14067
14068
14069
14070
14071
14072
14073
14074
14075
14076
14077
14078
14079
14080
14081
14082
14083
14084
14085
14086
14087
14088
14089
14090
14091
14092
14093
14094
14095
14096
14097
14098
14099
14100
14101
14102
14103
14104
14105
14106
14107
14108
14109
14110
14111
14112
14113
14114
14115
14116
14117
14118
14119
14120
14121
14122
14123
14124
14125
14126
14127
14128
14129
14130
14131
14132
14133
14134
14135
14136
14137
14138
14139
14140
14141
14142
14143
14144
14145
14146
14147
14148
14149
14150
14151
14152
14153
14154
14155
14156
14157
14158
14159
14160
14161
14162
14163
14164
14165
14166
14167
14168
14169
14170
14171
14172
14173
14174
14175
14176
14177
14178
14179
14180
14181
14182
14183
14184
14185
14186
14187
14188
14189
14190
14191
14192
14193
14194
14195
14196
14197
14198
14199
14200
14201
14202
14203
14204
14205
14206
14207
14208
14209
14210
14211
14212
14213
14214
14215
14216
14217
14218
14219
14220
14221
14222
14223
14224
14225
14226
14227
14228
14229
14230
14231
14232
14233
14234
14235
14236
14237
14238
14239
14240
14241
14242
14243
14244
14245
14246
14247
14248
14249
14250
14251
14252
14253
14254
14255
14256
14257
14258
14259
14260
14261
14262
14263
14264
14265
14266
14267
14268
14269
14270
14271
14272
14273
14274
14275
14276
14277
14278
14279
14280
14281
14282
14283
14284
14285
14286
14287
14288
14289
14290
14291
14292
14293
14294
14295
14296
14297
14298
14299
14300
14301
14302
14303
14304
14305
14306
14307
14308
14309
14310
14311
14312
14313
14314
14315
14316
14317
14318
14319
14320
14321
14322
14323
14324
14325
14326
14327
14328
14329
14330
14331
14332
14333
14334
14335
14336
14337
14338
14339
14340
14341
14342
14343
14344
14345
14346
14347
14348
14349
14350
14351
14352
14353
14354
14355
14356
14357
14358
14359
14360
14361
14362
14363
14364
14365
14366
14367
14368
14369
14370
14371
14372
14373
14374
14375
14376
14377
14378
14379
14380
14381
14382
14383
14384
14385
14386
14387
14388
14389
14390
14391
14392
14393
14394
14395
14396
14397
14398
14399
14400
14401
14402
14403
14404
14405
14406
14407
14408
14409
14410
14411
14412
14413
14414
14415
14416
14417
14418
14419
14420
14421
14422
14423
14424
14425
14426
14427
14428
14429
14430
14431
14432
14433
14434
14435
14436
14437
14438
14439
14440
14441
14442
14443
14444
14445
14446
14447
14448
14449
14450
14451
14452
14453
14454
14455
14456
14457
14458
14459
14460
14461
14462
14463
14464
14465
14466
14467
14468
14469
14470
14471
14472
14473
14474
14475
14476
14477
14478
14479
14480
14481
14482
14483
14484
14485
14486
14487
14488
14489
14490
14491
14492
14493
14494
14495
14496
14497
14498
14499
14500
14501
14502
14503
14504
14505
14506
14507
14508
14509
14510
14511
14512
14513
14514
14515
14516
14517
14518
14519
14520
14521
14522
14523
14524
14525
14526
14527
14528
14529
14530
14531
14532
14533
14534
14535
14536
14537
14538
14539
14540
14541
14542
14543
14544
14545
14546
14547
14548
14549
14550
14551
14552
14553
14554
14555
14556
14557
14558
14559
14560
14561
14562
14563
14564
14565
14566
14567
14568
14569
14570
14571
14572
14573
14574
14575
14576
14577
14578
14579
14580
14581
14582
14583
14584
14585
14586
14587
14588
14589
14590
14591
14592
14593
14594
14595
14596
14597
14598
14599
14600
14601
14602
14603
14604
14605
14606
14607
14608
14609
14610
14611
14612
14613
14614
14615
14616
14617
14618
14619
14620
14621
14622
14623
14624
14625
14626
14627
14628
14629
14630
14631
14632
14633
14634
14635
14636
14637
14638
14639
14640
14641
14642
14643
14644
14645
14646
14647
14648
14649
14650
14651
14652
14653
14654
14655
14656
14657
14658
14659
14660
14661
14662
14663
14664
14665
14666
14667
14668
14669
14670
14671
14672
14673
14674
14675
14676
14677
14678
14679
14680
14681
14682
14683
14684
14685
14686
14687
14688
14689
14690
14691
14692
14693
14694
14695
14696
14697
14698
14699
14700
14701
14702
14703
14704
14705
14706
14707
14708
14709
14710
14711
14712
14713
14714
14715
14716
14717
14718
14719
14720
14721
14722
14723
14724
14725
14726
14727
14728
14729
14730
14731
14732
14733
14734
14735
14736
14737
14738
14739
14740
14741
14742
14743
14744
14745
14746
14747
14748
14749
14750
14751
14752
14753
14754
14755
14756
14757
14758
14759
14760
14761
14762
14763
14764
14765
14766
14767
14768
14769
14770
14771
14772
14773
14774
14775
14776
14777
14778
14779
14780
14781
14782
14783
14784
14785
14786
14787
14788
14789
14790
14791
14792
14793
14794
14795
14796
14797
14798
14799
14800
14801
14802
14803
14804
14805
14806
14807
14808
14809
14810
14811
14812
14813
14814
14815
14816
14817
14818
14819
14820
14821
14822
14823
14824
14825
14826
14827
14828
14829
14830
14831
14832
14833
14834
14835
14836
14837
14838
14839
14840
14841
14842
14843
14844
14845
14846
14847
14848
14849
14850
14851
14852
14853
14854
14855
14856
14857
14858
14859
14860
14861
14862
14863
14864
14865
14866
14867
14868
14869
14870
14871
14872
14873
14874
14875
14876
14877
14878
14879
14880
14881
14882
14883
14884
14885
14886
14887
14888
14889
14890
14891
14892
14893
14894
14895
14896
14897
14898
14899
14900
14901
14902
14903
14904
14905
14906
14907
14908
14909
14910
14911
14912
14913
14914
14915
14916
14917
14918
14919
14920
14921
14922
14923
14924
14925
14926
14927
14928
14929
14930
14931
14932
14933
14934
14935
14936
14937
14938
14939
14940
14941
14942
14943
14944
14945
14946
14947
14948
14949
14950
14951
14952
14953
14954
14955
14956
14957
14958
14959
14960
14961
14962
14963
14964
14965
14966
14967
14968
14969
14970
14971
14972
14973
14974
14975
14976
14977
14978
14979
14980
14981
14982
14983
14984
14985
14986
14987
14988
14989
14990
14991
14992
14993
14994
14995
14996
14997
14998
14999
15000
15001
15002
15003
15004
15005
15006
15007
15008
15009
15010
15011
15012
15013
15014
15015
15016
15017
15018
15019
15020
15021
15022
15023
15024
15025
15026
15027
15028
15029
15030
15031
15032
15033
15034
15035
15036
15037
15038
15039
15040
15041
15042
15043
15044
15045
15046
15047
15048
15049
15050
15051
15052
15053
15054
15055
15056
15057
15058
15059
15060
15061
15062
15063
15064
15065
15066
15067
15068
15069
15070
15071
15072
15073
15074
15075
15076
15077
15078
15079
15080
15081
15082
15083
15084
15085
15086
15087
15088
15089
15090
15091
15092
15093
15094
15095
15096
15097
15098
15099
15100
15101
15102
15103
15104
15105
15106
15107
15108
15109
15110
15111
15112
15113
15114
15115
15116
15117
15118
15119
15120
15121
15122
15123
15124
15125
15126
15127
15128
15129
15130
15131
15132
15133
15134
15135
15136
15137
15138
15139
15140
15141
15142
15143
15144
15145
15146
15147
15148
15149
15150
15151
15152
15153
15154
15155
15156
15157
15158
15159
15160
15161
15162
15163
15164
15165
15166
15167
15168
15169
15170
15171
15172
15173
15174
15175
15176
15177
15178
15179
15180
15181
15182
15183
15184
15185
15186
15187
15188
15189
15190
15191
15192
15193
15194
15195
15196
15197
15198
15199
15200
15201
15202
15203
15204
15205
15206
15207
15208
15209
15210
15211
15212
15213
15214
15215
15216
15217
15218
15219
15220
15221
15222
15223
15224
15225
15226
15227
15228
15229
15230
15231
15232
15233
15234
15235
15236
15237
15238
15239
15240
15241
15242
15243
15244
15245
15246
15247
15248
15249
15250
15251
15252
15253
15254
15255
15256
15257
15258
15259
15260
15261
15262
15263
15264
15265
15266
15267
15268
15269
15270
15271
15272
15273
15274
15275
15276
15277
15278
15279
15280
15281
15282
15283
15284
15285
15286
15287
15288
15289
15290
15291
15292
15293
15294
15295
15296
15297
15298
15299
15300
15301
15302
15303
15304
15305
15306
15307
15308
15309
15310
15311
15312
15313
15314
15315
15316
15317
15318
15319
15320
15321
15322
15323
15324
15325
15326
15327
15328
15329
15330
15331
15332
15333
15334
15335
15336
15337
15338
15339
15340
15341
15342
15343
15344
15345
15346
15347
15348
15349
15350
15351
15352
15353
15354
15355
15356
15357
15358
15359
15360
15361
15362
15363
15364
15365
15366
15367
15368
15369
15370
15371
15372
15373
15374
15375
15376
15377
15378
15379
15380
15381
15382
15383
15384
15385
15386
15387
15388
15389
15390
15391
15392
15393
15394
15395
15396
15397
15398
15399
15400
15401
15402
15403
15404
15405
15406
15407
15408
15409
15410
15411
15412
15413
15414
15415
15416
15417
15418
15419
15420
15421
15422
15423
15424
15425
15426
15427
15428
15429
15430
15431
15432
15433
15434
15435
15436
15437
15438
15439
15440
15441
15442
15443
15444
15445
15446
15447
15448
15449
15450
15451
15452
15453
15454
15455
15456
15457
15458
15459
15460
15461
15462
15463
15464
15465
15466
15467
15468
15469
15470
15471
15472
15473
15474
15475
15476
15477
15478
15479
15480
15481
15482
15483
15484
15485
15486
15487
15488
15489
15490
15491
15492
15493
15494
15495
15496
15497
15498
15499
15500
15501
15502
15503
15504
15505
15506
15507
15508
15509
15510
15511
15512
15513
15514
15515
15516
15517
15518
15519
15520
15521
15522
15523
15524
15525
15526
15527
15528
15529
15530
15531
15532
15533
15534
15535
15536
15537
15538
15539
15540
15541
15542
15543
15544
15545
15546
15547
15548
15549
15550
15551
15552
15553
15554
15555
15556
15557
15558
15559
15560
15561
15562
15563
15564
15565
15566
15567
15568
15569
15570
15571
15572
15573
15574
15575
15576
15577
15578
15579
15580
15581
15582
15583
15584
15585
15586
15587
15588
15589
15590
15591
15592
15593
15594
15595
15596
15597
15598
15599
15600
15601
15602
15603
15604
15605
15606
15607
15608
15609
15610
15611
15612
15613
15614
15615
15616
15617
15618
15619
15620
15621
15622
15623
15624
15625
15626
15627
15628
15629
15630
15631
15632
15633
15634
15635
15636
15637
15638
15639
15640
15641
15642
15643
15644
15645
15646
15647
15648
15649
15650
15651
15652
15653
15654
15655
15656
15657
15658
15659
15660
15661
15662
15663
15664
15665
15666
15667
15668
15669
15670
15671
15672
15673
15674
15675
15676
15677
15678
15679
15680
15681
15682
15683
15684
15685
15686
15687
15688
15689
15690
15691
15692
15693
15694
15695
15696
15697
15698
15699
15700
15701
15702
15703
15704
15705
15706
15707
15708
15709
15710
15711
15712
15713
15714
15715
15716
15717
15718
15719
15720
15721
15722
15723
15724
15725
15726
15727
15728
15729
15730
15731
15732
15733
15734
15735
15736
15737
15738
15739
15740
15741
15742
15743
15744
15745
15746
15747
15748
15749
15750
15751
15752
15753
15754
15755
15756
15757
15758
15759
15760
15761
15762
15763
15764
15765
15766
15767
15768
15769
15770
15771
15772
15773
15774
15775
15776
15777
15778
15779
15780
15781
15782
15783
15784
15785
15786
15787
15788
15789
15790
15791
15792
15793
15794
15795
15796
15797
15798
15799
15800
15801
15802
15803
15804
15805
15806
15807
15808
15809
15810
15811
15812
15813
15814
15815
15816
15817
15818
15819
15820
15821
15822
15823
15824
15825
15826
15827
15828
15829
15830
15831
15832
15833
15834
15835
15836
15837
15838
15839
15840
15841
15842
15843
15844
15845
15846
15847
15848
15849
15850
15851
15852
15853
15854
15855
15856
15857
15858
15859
15860
15861
15862
15863
15864
15865
15866
15867
15868
15869
15870
15871
15872
15873
15874
15875
15876
15877
15878
15879
15880
15881
15882
15883
15884
15885
15886
15887
15888
15889
15890
15891
15892
15893
15894
15895
15896
15897
15898
15899
15900
15901
15902
15903
15904
15905
15906
15907
15908
15909
15910
15911
15912
15913
15914
15915
15916
15917
15918
15919
15920
15921
15922
15923
15924
15925
15926
15927
15928
15929
15930
15931
15932
15933
15934
15935
15936
15937
15938
15939
15940
15941
15942
15943
15944
15945
15946
15947
15948
15949
15950
15951
15952
15953
15954
15955
15956
15957
15958
15959
15960
15961
15962
15963
15964
15965
15966
15967
15968
15969
15970
15971
15972
15973
15974
15975
15976
15977
15978
15979
15980
15981
15982
15983
15984
15985
15986
15987
15988
15989
15990
15991
15992
15993
15994
15995
15996
15997
15998
15999
16000
16001
16002
16003
16004
16005
16006
16007
16008
16009
16010
16011
16012
16013
16014
16015
16016
16017
16018
16019
16020
16021
16022
16023
16024
16025
16026
16027
16028
16029
16030
16031
16032
16033
16034
16035
16036
16037
16038
16039
16040
16041
16042
16043
16044
16045
16046
16047
16048
16049
16050
16051
16052
16053
16054
16055
16056
16057
16058
16059
16060
16061
16062
16063
16064
16065
16066
16067
16068
16069
16070
16071
16072
16073
16074
16075
16076
16077
16078
16079
16080
16081
16082
16083
16084
16085
16086
16087
16088
16089
16090
16091
16092
16093
16094
16095
16096
16097
16098
16099
16100
16101
16102
16103
16104
16105
16106
16107
16108
16109
16110
16111
16112
16113
16114
16115
16116
16117
16118
16119
16120
16121
16122
16123
16124
16125
16126
16127
16128
16129
16130
16131
16132
16133
16134
16135
16136
16137
16138
16139
16140
16141
16142
16143
16144
16145
16146
16147
16148
16149
16150
16151
16152
16153
16154
16155
16156
16157
16158
16159
16160
16161
16162
16163
16164
16165
16166
16167
16168
16169
16170
16171
16172
16173
16174
16175
16176
16177
16178
16179
16180
16181
16182
16183
16184
16185
16186
16187
16188
16189
16190
16191
16192
16193
16194
16195
16196
16197
16198
16199
16200
16201
16202
16203
16204
16205
16206
16207
16208
16209
16210
16211
16212
16213
16214
16215
16216
16217
16218
16219
16220
16221
16222
16223
16224
16225
16226
16227
16228
16229
16230
16231
16232
16233
16234
16235
16236
16237
16238
16239
16240
16241
16242
16243
16244
16245
16246
16247
16248
16249
16250
16251
16252
16253
16254
16255
16256
16257
16258
16259
16260
16261
16262
16263
16264
16265
16266
16267
16268
16269
16270
16271
16272
16273
16274
16275
16276
16277
16278
16279
16280
16281
16282
16283
16284
16285
16286
16287
16288
16289
16290
16291
16292
16293
16294
16295
16296
16297
16298
16299
16300
16301
16302
16303
16304
16305
16306
16307
16308
16309
16310
16311
16312
16313
16314
16315
16316
16317
16318
16319
16320
16321
16322
16323
16324
16325
16326
16327
16328
16329
16330
16331
16332
16333
16334
16335
16336
16337
16338
16339
16340
16341
16342
16343
16344
16345
16346
16347
16348
16349
16350
16351
16352
16353
16354
16355
16356
16357
16358
16359
16360
16361
16362
16363
16364
16365
16366
16367
16368
16369
16370
16371
16372
16373
16374
16375
16376
16377
16378
16379
16380
16381
16382
16383
16384
16385
16386
16387
16388
16389
16390
16391
16392
16393
16394
16395
16396
16397
16398
16399
16400
16401
16402
16403
16404
16405
16406
16407
16408
16409
16410
16411
16412
16413
16414
16415
16416
16417
16418
16419
16420
16421
16422
16423
16424
16425
16426
16427
16428
16429
16430
16431
16432
16433
16434
16435
16436
16437
16438
16439
16440
16441
16442
16443
16444
16445
16446
16447
16448
16449
16450
16451
16452
16453
16454
16455
16456
16457
16458
16459
16460
16461
16462
16463
16464
16465
16466
16467
16468
16469
16470
16471
16472
16473
16474
16475
16476
16477
16478
16479
16480
16481
16482
16483
16484
16485
16486
16487
16488
16489
16490
16491
16492
16493
16494
16495
16496
16497
16498
16499
16500
16501
16502
16503
16504
16505
16506
16507
16508
16509
16510
16511
16512
16513
16514
16515
16516
16517
16518
16519
16520
16521
16522
16523
16524
16525
16526
16527
16528
16529
16530
16531
16532
16533
16534
16535
16536
16537
16538
16539
16540
16541
16542
16543
16544
16545
16546
16547
16548
16549
16550
16551
16552
16553
16554
16555
16556
16557
16558
16559
16560
16561
16562
16563
16564
16565
16566
16567
16568
16569
16570
16571
16572
16573
16574
16575
16576
16577
16578
16579
16580
16581
16582
16583
16584
16585
16586
16587
16588
16589
16590
16591
16592
16593
16594
16595
16596
16597
16598
16599
16600
16601
16602
16603
16604
16605
16606
16607
16608
16609
16610
16611
16612
16613
16614
16615
16616
16617
16618
16619
16620
16621
16622
16623
16624
16625
16626
16627
16628
16629
16630
16631
16632
16633
16634
16635
16636
16637
16638
16639
16640
16641
16642
16643
16644
16645
16646
16647
16648
16649
16650
16651
16652
16653
16654
16655
16656
16657
16658
16659
16660
16661
16662
16663
16664
16665
16666
16667
16668
16669
16670
16671
16672
16673
16674
16675
16676
16677
16678
16679
16680
16681
16682
16683
16684
16685
16686
16687
16688
16689
16690
16691
16692
16693
16694
16695
16696
16697
16698
16699
16700
16701
16702
16703
16704
16705
16706
16707
16708
16709
16710
16711
16712
16713
16714
16715
16716
16717
16718
16719
16720
16721
16722
16723
16724
16725
16726
16727
16728
16729
16730
16731
16732
16733
16734
16735
16736
16737
16738
16739
16740
16741
16742
16743
16744
16745
16746
16747
16748
16749
16750
16751
16752
16753
16754
16755
16756
16757
16758
16759
16760
16761
16762
16763
16764
16765
16766
16767
16768
16769
16770
16771
16772
16773
16774
16775
16776
16777
16778
16779
16780
16781
16782
16783
16784
16785
16786
16787
16788
16789
16790
16791
16792
16793
16794
16795
16796
16797
16798
16799
16800
16801
16802
16803
16804
16805
16806
16807
16808
16809
16810
16811
16812
16813
16814
16815
16816
16817
16818
16819
16820
16821
16822
16823
16824
16825
16826
16827
16828
16829
16830
16831
16832
16833
16834
16835
16836
16837
16838
16839
16840
16841
16842
16843
16844
16845
16846
16847
16848
16849
16850
16851
16852
16853
16854
16855
16856
16857
16858
16859
16860
16861
16862
16863
16864
16865
16866
16867
16868
16869
16870
16871
16872
16873
16874
16875
16876
16877
16878
16879
16880
16881
16882
16883
16884
16885
16886
16887
16888
16889
16890
16891
16892
16893
16894
16895
16896
16897
16898
16899
16900
16901
16902
16903
16904
16905
16906
16907
16908
16909
16910
16911
16912
16913
16914
16915
16916
16917
16918
16919
16920
16921
16922
16923
16924
16925
16926
16927
16928
16929
16930
16931
16932
16933
16934
16935
16936
16937
16938
16939
16940
16941
16942
16943
16944
16945
16946
16947
16948
16949
16950
16951
16952
16953
16954
16955
16956
16957
16958
16959
16960
16961
16962
16963
16964
16965
16966
16967
16968
16969
16970
16971
16972
16973
16974
16975
16976
16977
16978
16979
16980
16981
16982
16983
16984
16985
16986
16987
16988
16989
16990
16991
16992
16993
16994
16995
16996
16997
16998
16999
17000
17001
17002
17003
17004
17005
17006
17007
17008
17009
17010
17011
17012
17013
17014
17015
17016
17017
17018
17019
17020
17021
17022
17023
17024
17025
17026
17027
17028
17029
17030
17031
17032
17033
17034
17035
17036
17037
17038
17039
17040
17041
17042
17043
17044
17045
17046
17047
17048
17049
17050
17051
17052
17053
17054
17055
17056
17057
17058
17059
17060
17061
17062
17063
17064
17065
17066
17067
17068
17069
17070
17071
17072
17073
17074
17075
17076
17077
17078
17079
17080
17081
17082
17083
17084
17085
17086
17087
17088
17089
17090
17091
17092
17093
17094
17095
17096
17097
17098
17099
17100
17101
17102
17103
17104
17105
17106
17107
17108
17109
17110
17111
17112
17113
17114
17115
17116
17117
17118
17119
17120
17121
17122
17123
17124
17125
17126
17127
17128
17129
17130
17131
17132
17133
17134
17135
17136
17137
17138
17139
17140
17141
17142
17143
17144
17145
17146
17147
17148
17149
17150
17151
17152
17153
17154
17155
17156
17157
17158
17159
17160
17161
17162
17163
17164
17165
17166
17167
17168
17169
17170
17171
17172
17173
17174
17175
17176
17177
17178
17179
17180
17181
17182
17183
17184
17185
17186
17187
17188
17189
17190
17191
17192
17193
17194
17195
17196
17197
17198
17199
17200
17201
17202
17203
17204
17205
17206
17207
17208
17209
17210
17211
17212
17213
17214
17215
17216
17217
17218
17219
17220
17221
17222
17223
17224
17225
17226
17227
17228
17229
17230
17231
17232
17233
17234
17235
17236
17237
17238
17239
17240
17241
17242
17243
17244
17245
17246
17247
17248
17249
17250
17251
17252
17253
17254
17255
17256
17257
17258
17259
17260
17261
17262
17263
17264
17265
17266
17267
17268
17269
17270
17271
17272
17273
17274
17275
17276
17277
17278
17279
17280
17281
17282
17283
17284
17285
17286
17287
17288
17289
17290
17291
17292
17293
17294
17295
17296
17297
17298
17299
17300
17301
17302
17303
17304
17305
17306
17307
17308
17309
17310
17311
17312
17313
17314
17315
17316
17317
17318
17319
17320
17321
17322
17323
17324
17325
17326
17327
17328
17329
17330
17331
17332
17333
17334
17335
17336
17337
17338
17339
17340
17341
17342
17343
17344
17345
17346
17347
17348
17349
17350
17351
17352
17353
17354
17355
17356
17357
17358
17359
17360
17361
17362
17363
17364
17365
17366
17367
17368
17369
17370
17371
17372
17373
17374
17375
17376
17377
17378
17379
17380
17381
17382
17383
17384
17385
17386
17387
17388
17389
17390
17391
17392
17393
17394
17395
17396
17397
17398
17399
17400
17401
17402
17403
17404
17405
17406
17407
17408
17409
17410
17411
17412
17413
17414
17415
17416
17417
17418
17419
17420
17421
17422
17423
17424
17425
17426
17427
17428
17429
17430
17431
17432
17433
17434
17435
17436
17437
17438
17439
17440
17441
17442
17443
17444
17445
17446
17447
17448
17449
17450
17451
17452
17453
17454
17455
17456
17457
17458
17459
17460
17461
17462
17463
17464
17465
17466
17467
17468
17469
17470
17471
17472
17473
17474
17475
17476
17477
17478
17479
17480
17481
17482
17483
17484
17485
17486
17487
17488
17489
17490
17491
17492
17493
17494
17495
17496
17497
17498
17499
17500
17501
17502
17503
17504
17505
17506
17507
17508
17509
17510
17511
17512
17513
17514
17515
17516
17517
17518
17519
17520
17521
17522
17523
17524
17525
17526
17527
17528
17529
17530
17531
17532
17533
17534
17535
17536
17537
17538
17539
17540
17541
17542
17543
17544
17545
17546
17547
17548
17549
17550
17551
17552
17553
17554
17555
17556
17557
17558
17559
17560
17561
17562
17563
17564
17565
17566
17567
17568
17569
17570
17571
17572
17573
17574
17575
17576
17577
17578
17579
17580
17581
17582
17583
17584
17585
17586
17587
17588
17589
17590
17591
17592
17593
17594
17595
17596
17597
17598
17599
17600
17601
17602
17603
17604
17605
17606
17607
17608
17609
17610
17611
17612
17613
17614
17615
17616
17617
17618
17619
17620
17621
17622
17623
17624
17625
17626
17627
17628
17629
17630
17631
17632
17633
17634
17635
17636
17637
17638
17639
17640
17641
17642
17643
17644
17645
17646
17647
17648
17649
17650
17651
17652
17653
17654
17655
17656
17657
17658
17659
17660
17661
17662
17663
17664
17665
17666
17667
17668
17669
17670
17671
17672
17673
17674
17675
17676
17677
17678
17679
17680
17681
17682
17683
17684
17685
17686
17687
17688
17689
17690
17691
17692
17693
17694
17695
17696
17697
17698
17699
17700
17701
17702
17703
17704
17705
17706
17707
17708
17709
17710
17711
17712
17713
17714
17715
17716
17717
17718
17719
17720
17721
17722
17723
17724
17725
17726
17727
17728
17729
17730
17731
17732
17733
17734
17735
17736
17737
17738
17739
17740
17741
17742
17743
17744
17745
17746
17747
17748
17749
17750
17751
17752
17753
17754
17755
17756
17757
17758
17759
17760
17761
17762
17763
17764
17765
17766
17767
17768
17769
17770
17771
17772
17773
17774
17775
17776
17777
17778
17779
17780
17781
17782
17783
17784
17785
17786
17787
17788
17789
17790
17791
17792
17793
17794
17795
17796
17797
17798
17799
17800
17801
17802
17803
17804
17805
17806
17807
17808
17809
17810
17811
17812
17813
17814
17815
17816
17817
17818
17819
17820
17821
17822
17823
17824
17825
17826
17827
17828
17829
17830
17831
17832
17833
17834
17835
17836
17837
17838
17839
17840
17841
17842
17843
17844
17845
17846
17847
17848
17849
17850
17851
17852
17853
17854
17855
17856
17857
17858
17859
17860
17861
17862
17863
17864
17865
17866
17867
17868
17869
17870
17871
17872
17873
17874
17875
17876
17877
17878
17879
17880
17881
17882
17883
17884
17885
17886
17887
17888
17889
17890
17891
17892
17893
17894
17895
17896
17897
17898
17899
17900
17901
17902
17903
17904
17905
17906
17907
17908
17909
17910
17911
17912
17913
17914
17915
17916
17917
17918
17919
17920
17921
17922
17923
17924
17925
17926
17927
17928
17929
17930
17931
17932
17933
17934
17935
17936
17937
17938
17939
17940
17941
17942
17943
17944
17945
17946
17947
17948
17949
17950
17951
17952
17953
17954
17955
17956
17957
17958
17959
17960
17961
17962
17963
17964
17965
17966
17967
17968
17969
17970
17971
17972
17973
17974
17975
17976
17977
17978
17979
17980
17981
17982
17983
17984
17985
17986
17987
17988
17989
17990
17991
17992
17993
17994
17995
17996
17997
17998
17999
18000
18001
18002
18003
18004
18005
18006
18007
18008
18009
18010
18011
18012
18013
18014
18015
18016
18017
18018
18019
18020
18021
18022
18023
18024
18025
18026
18027
18028
18029
18030
18031
18032
18033
18034
18035
18036
18037
18038
18039
18040
18041
18042
18043
18044
18045
18046
18047
18048
18049
18050
18051
18052
18053
18054
18055
18056
18057
18058
18059
18060
18061
18062
18063
18064
18065
18066
18067
18068
18069
18070
18071
18072
18073
18074
18075
18076
18077
18078
18079
18080
18081
18082
18083
18084
18085
18086
18087
18088
18089
18090
18091
18092
18093
18094
18095
18096
18097
18098
18099
18100
18101
18102
18103
18104
18105
18106
18107
18108
18109
18110
18111
18112
18113
18114
18115
18116
18117
18118
18119
18120
18121
18122
18123
18124
18125
18126
18127
18128
18129
18130
18131
18132
18133
18134
18135
18136
18137
18138
18139
18140
18141
18142
18143
18144
18145
18146
18147
18148
18149
18150
18151
18152
18153
18154
18155
18156
18157
18158
18159
18160
18161
18162
18163
18164
18165
18166
18167
18168
18169
18170
18171
18172
18173
18174
18175
18176
18177
18178
18179
18180
18181
18182
18183
18184
18185
18186
18187
18188
18189
18190
18191
18192
18193
18194
18195
18196
18197
18198
18199
18200
18201
18202
18203
18204
18205
18206
18207
18208
18209
18210
18211
18212
18213
18214
18215
18216
18217
18218
18219
18220
18221
18222
18223
18224
18225
18226
18227
18228
18229
18230
18231
18232
18233
18234
18235
18236
18237
18238
18239
18240
18241
18242
18243
18244
18245
18246
18247
18248
18249
18250
18251
18252
18253
18254
18255
18256
18257
18258
18259
18260
18261
18262
18263
18264
18265
18266
18267
18268
18269
18270
18271
18272
18273
18274
18275
18276
18277
18278
18279
18280
18281
18282
18283
18284
18285
18286
18287
18288
18289
18290
18291
18292
18293
18294
18295
18296
18297
18298
18299
18300
18301
18302
18303
18304
18305
18306
18307
18308
18309
18310
18311
18312
18313
18314
18315
18316
18317
18318
18319
18320
18321
18322
18323
18324
18325
18326
18327
18328
18329
18330
18331
18332
18333
18334
18335
18336
18337
18338
18339
18340
18341
18342
18343
18344
18345
18346
18347
18348
18349
18350
18351
18352
18353
18354
18355
18356
18357
18358
18359
18360
18361
18362
18363
18364
18365
18366
18367
18368
18369
18370
18371
18372
18373
18374
18375
18376
18377
18378
18379
18380
18381
18382
18383
18384
18385
18386
18387
18388
18389
18390
18391
18392
18393
18394
18395
18396
18397
18398
18399
18400
18401
18402
18403
18404
18405
18406
18407
18408
18409
18410
18411
18412
18413
18414
18415
18416
18417
18418
18419
18420
18421
18422
18423
18424
18425
18426
18427
18428
18429
18430
18431
18432
18433
18434
18435
18436
18437
18438
18439
18440
18441
18442
18443
18444
18445
18446
18447
18448
18449
18450
18451
18452
18453
18454
18455
18456
18457
18458
18459
18460
18461
18462
18463
18464
18465
18466
18467
18468
18469
18470
18471
18472
18473
18474
18475
18476
18477
18478
18479
18480
18481
18482
18483
18484
18485
18486
18487
18488
18489
18490
18491
18492
18493
18494
18495
18496
18497
18498
18499
18500
18501
18502
18503
18504
18505
18506
18507
18508
18509
18510
18511
18512
18513
18514
18515
18516
18517
18518
18519
18520
18521
18522
18523
18524
18525
18526
18527
18528
18529
18530
18531
18532
18533
18534
18535
18536
18537
18538
18539
18540
18541
18542
18543
18544
18545
18546
18547
18548
18549
18550
18551
18552
18553
18554
18555
18556
18557
18558
18559
18560
18561
18562
18563
18564
18565
18566
18567
18568
18569
18570
18571
18572
18573
18574
18575
18576
18577
18578
18579
18580
18581
18582
18583
18584
18585
18586
18587
18588
18589
18590
18591
18592
18593
18594
18595
18596
18597
18598
18599
18600
18601
18602
18603
18604
18605
18606
18607
18608
18609
18610
18611
18612
18613
18614
18615
18616
18617
18618
18619
18620
18621
18622
18623
18624
18625
18626
18627
18628
18629
18630
18631
18632
18633
18634
18635
18636
18637
18638
18639
18640
18641
18642
18643
18644
18645
18646
18647
18648
18649
18650
18651
18652
18653
18654
18655
18656
18657
18658
18659
18660
18661
18662
18663
18664
18665
18666
18667
18668
18669
18670
18671
18672
18673
18674
18675
18676
18677
18678
18679
18680
18681
18682
18683
18684
18685
18686
18687
18688
18689
18690
18691
18692
18693
18694
18695
18696
18697
18698
18699
18700
18701
18702
18703
18704
18705
18706
18707
18708
18709
18710
18711
18712
18713
18714
18715
18716
18717
18718
18719
18720
18721
18722
18723
18724
18725
18726
18727
18728
18729
18730
18731
18732
18733
18734
18735
18736
18737
18738
18739
18740
18741
18742
18743
18744
18745
18746
18747
18748
18749
18750
18751
18752
18753
18754
18755
18756
18757
18758
18759
18760
18761
18762
18763
18764
18765
18766
18767
18768
18769
18770
18771
18772
18773
18774
18775
18776
18777
18778
18779
18780
18781
18782
18783
18784
18785
18786
18787
18788
18789
18790
18791
18792
18793
18794
18795
18796
18797
18798
18799
18800
18801
18802
18803
18804
18805
18806
18807
18808
18809
18810
18811
18812
18813
18814
18815
18816
18817
18818
18819
18820
18821
18822
18823
18824
18825
18826
18827
18828
18829
18830
18831
18832
18833
18834
18835
18836
18837
18838
18839
18840
18841
18842
18843
18844
18845
18846
18847
18848
18849
18850
18851
18852
18853
18854
18855
18856
18857
18858
18859
18860
18861
18862
18863
18864
18865
18866
18867
18868
18869
18870
18871
18872
18873
18874
18875
18876
18877
18878
18879
18880
18881
18882
18883
18884
18885
18886
18887
18888
18889
18890
18891
18892
18893
18894
18895
18896
18897
18898
18899
18900
18901
18902
18903
18904
18905
18906
18907
18908
18909
18910
18911
18912
18913
18914
18915
18916
18917
18918
18919
18920
18921
18922
18923
18924
18925
18926
18927
18928
18929
18930
18931
18932
18933
18934
18935
18936
18937
18938
18939
18940
18941
18942
18943
18944
18945
18946
18947
18948
18949
18950
18951
18952
18953
18954
18955
18956
18957
18958
18959
18960
18961
18962
18963
18964
18965
18966
18967
18968
18969
18970
18971
18972
18973
18974
18975
18976
18977
18978
18979
18980
18981
18982
18983
18984
18985
18986
18987
18988
18989
18990
18991
18992
18993
18994
18995
18996
18997
18998
18999
19000
19001
19002
19003
19004
19005
19006
19007
19008
19009
19010
19011
19012
19013
19014
19015
19016
19017
19018
19019
19020
19021
19022
19023
19024
19025
19026
19027
19028
19029
19030
19031
19032
19033
19034
19035
19036
19037
19038
19039
19040
19041
19042
19043
19044
19045
19046
19047
19048
19049
19050
19051
19052
19053
19054
19055
19056
19057
19058
19059
19060
19061
19062
19063
19064
19065
19066
19067
19068
19069
19070
19071
19072
19073
19074
19075
19076
19077
19078
19079
19080
19081
19082
19083
19084
19085
19086
19087
19088
19089
19090
19091
19092
19093
19094
19095
19096
19097
19098
19099
19100
19101
19102
19103
19104
19105
19106
19107
19108
19109
19110
19111
19112
19113
19114
19115
19116
19117
19118
19119
19120
19121
19122
19123
19124
19125
19126
19127
19128
19129
19130
19131
19132
19133
19134
19135
19136
19137
19138
19139
19140
19141
19142
19143
19144
19145
19146
19147
19148
19149
19150
19151
19152
19153
19154
19155
19156
19157
19158
19159
19160
19161
19162
19163
19164
19165
19166
19167
19168
19169
19170
19171
19172
19173
19174
19175
19176
19177
19178
19179
19180
19181
19182
19183
19184
19185
19186
19187
19188
19189
19190
19191
19192
19193
19194
19195
19196
19197
19198
19199
19200
19201
19202
19203
19204
19205
19206
19207
19208
19209
19210
19211
19212
19213
19214
19215
19216
19217
19218
19219
19220
19221
19222
19223
19224
19225
19226
19227
19228
19229
19230
19231
19232
19233
19234
19235
19236
19237
19238
19239
19240
19241
19242
19243
19244
19245
19246
19247
19248
19249
19250
19251
19252
19253
19254
19255
19256
19257
19258
19259
19260
19261
19262
19263
19264
19265
19266
19267
19268
19269
19270
19271
19272
19273
19274
19275
19276
19277
19278
19279
19280
19281
19282
19283
19284
19285
19286
19287
19288
19289
19290
19291
19292
19293
19294
19295
19296
19297
19298
19299
19300
19301
19302
19303
19304
19305
19306
19307
19308
19309
19310
19311
19312
19313
19314
19315
19316
19317
19318
19319
19320
19321
19322
19323
19324
19325
19326
19327
19328
19329
19330
19331
19332
19333
19334
19335
19336
19337
19338
19339
19340
19341
19342
19343
19344
19345
19346
19347
19348
19349
19350
19351
19352
19353
19354
19355
19356
19357
19358
19359
19360
19361
19362
19363
19364
19365
19366
19367
19368
19369
19370
19371
19372
19373
19374
19375
19376
19377
19378
19379
19380
19381
19382
19383
19384
19385
19386
19387
19388
19389
19390
19391
19392
19393
19394
19395
19396
19397
19398
19399
19400
19401
19402
19403
19404
19405
19406
19407
19408
19409
19410
19411
19412
19413
19414
19415
19416
19417
19418
19419
19420
19421
19422
19423
19424
19425
19426
19427
19428
19429
19430
19431
19432
19433
19434
19435
19436
19437
19438
19439
19440
19441
19442
19443
19444
19445
19446
19447
19448
19449
19450
19451
19452
19453
19454
19455
19456
19457
19458
19459
19460
19461
19462
19463
19464
19465
19466
19467
19468
19469
19470
19471
19472
19473
19474
19475
19476
19477
19478
19479
19480
19481
19482
19483
19484
19485
19486
19487
19488
19489
19490
19491
19492
19493
19494
19495
19496
19497
19498
19499
19500
19501
19502
19503
19504
19505
19506
19507
19508
19509
19510
19511
19512
19513
19514
19515
19516
19517
19518
19519
19520
19521
19522
19523
19524
19525
19526
19527
19528
19529
19530
19531
19532
19533
19534
19535
19536
19537
19538
19539
19540
19541
19542
19543
19544
19545
19546
19547
19548
19549
19550
19551
19552
19553
19554
19555
19556
19557
19558
19559
19560
19561
19562
19563
19564
19565
19566
19567
19568
19569
19570
19571
19572
19573
19574
19575
19576
19577
19578
19579
19580
19581
19582
19583
19584
19585
19586
19587
19588
19589
19590
19591
19592
19593
19594
19595
19596
19597
19598
19599
19600
19601
19602
19603
19604
19605
19606
19607
19608
19609
19610
19611
19612
19613
19614
19615
19616
19617
19618
19619
19620
19621
19622
19623
19624
19625
19626
19627
19628
19629
19630
19631
19632
19633
19634
19635
19636
19637
19638
19639
19640
19641
19642
19643
19644
19645
19646
19647
19648
19649
19650
19651
19652
19653
19654
19655
19656
19657
19658
19659
19660
19661
19662
19663
19664
19665
19666
19667
19668
19669
19670
19671
19672
19673
19674
19675
19676
19677
19678
19679
19680
19681
19682
19683
19684
19685
19686
19687
19688
19689
19690
19691
19692
19693
19694
19695
19696
19697
19698
19699
19700
19701
19702
19703
19704
19705
19706
19707
19708
19709
19710
19711
19712
19713
19714
19715
19716
19717
19718
19719
19720
19721
19722
19723
19724
19725
19726
19727
19728
19729
19730
19731
19732
19733
19734
19735
19736
19737
19738
19739
19740
19741
19742
19743
19744
19745
19746
19747
19748
19749
19750
19751
19752
19753
19754
19755
19756
19757
19758
19759
19760
19761
19762
19763
19764
19765
19766
19767
19768
19769
19770
19771
19772
19773
19774
19775
19776
19777
19778
19779
19780
19781
19782
19783
19784
19785
19786
19787
19788
19789
19790
19791
19792
19793
19794
19795
19796
19797
19798
19799
19800
19801
19802
19803
19804
19805
19806
19807
19808
19809
19810
19811
19812
19813
19814
19815
19816
19817
19818
19819
19820
19821
19822
19823
19824
19825
19826
19827
19828
19829
19830
19831
19832
19833
19834
19835
19836
19837
19838
19839
19840
19841
19842
19843
19844
19845
19846
19847
19848
19849
19850
19851
19852
19853
19854
19855
19856
19857
19858
19859
19860
19861
19862
19863
19864
19865
19866
19867
19868
19869
19870
19871
19872
19873
19874
19875
19876
19877
19878
19879
19880
19881
19882
19883
19884
19885
19886
19887
19888
19889
19890
19891
19892
19893
19894
19895
19896
19897
19898
19899
19900
19901
19902
19903
19904
19905
19906
19907
19908
19909
19910
19911
19912
19913
19914
19915
19916
19917
19918
19919
19920
19921
19922
19923
19924
19925
19926
19927
19928
19929
19930
19931
19932
19933
19934
19935
19936
19937
19938
19939
19940
19941
19942
19943
19944
19945
19946
19947
19948
19949
19950
19951
19952
19953
19954
19955
19956
19957
19958
19959
19960
19961
19962
19963
19964
19965
19966
19967
19968
19969
19970
19971
19972
19973
19974
19975
19976
19977
19978
19979
19980
19981
19982
19983
19984
19985
19986
19987
19988
19989
19990
19991
19992
19993
19994
19995
19996
19997
19998
19999
20000
20001
20002
20003
20004
20005
20006
20007
20008
20009
20010
20011
20012
20013
20014
20015
20016
20017
20018
20019
20020
20021
20022
20023
20024
20025
20026
20027
20028
20029
20030
20031
20032
20033
20034
20035
20036
20037
20038
20039
20040
20041
20042
20043
20044
20045
20046
20047
20048
20049
20050
20051
20052
20053
20054
20055
20056
20057
20058
20059
20060
20061
20062
20063
20064
20065
20066
20067
20068
20069
20070
20071
20072
20073
20074
20075
20076
20077
20078
20079
20080
20081
20082
20083
20084
20085
20086
20087
20088
20089
20090
20091
20092
20093
20094
20095
20096
20097
20098
20099
20100
20101
20102
20103
20104
20105
20106
20107
20108
20109
20110
20111
20112
20113
20114
20115
20116
20117
20118
20119
20120
20121
20122
20123
20124
20125
20126
20127
20128
20129
20130
20131
20132
20133
20134
20135
20136
20137
20138
20139
20140
20141
20142
20143
20144
20145
20146
20147
20148
20149
20150
20151
20152
20153
20154
20155
20156
20157
20158
20159
20160
20161
20162
20163
20164
20165
20166
20167
20168
20169
20170
20171
20172
20173
20174
20175
20176
20177
20178
20179
20180
20181
20182
20183
20184
20185
20186
20187
20188
20189
20190
20191
20192
20193
20194
20195
20196
20197
20198
20199
20200
20201
20202
20203
20204
20205
20206
20207
20208
20209
20210
20211
20212
20213
20214
20215
20216
20217
20218
20219
20220
20221
20222
20223
20224
20225
20226
20227
20228
20229
20230
20231
20232
20233
20234
20235
20236
20237
20238
20239
20240
20241
20242
20243
20244
20245
20246
20247
20248
20249
20250
20251
20252
20253
20254
20255
20256
20257
20258
20259
20260
20261
20262
20263
20264
20265
20266
20267
20268
20269
20270
20271
20272
20273
20274
20275
20276
20277
20278
20279
20280
20281
20282
20283
20284
20285
20286
20287
20288
20289
20290
20291
20292
20293
20294
20295
20296
20297
20298
20299
20300
20301
20302
20303
20304
20305
20306
20307
20308
20309
20310
20311
20312
20313
20314
20315
20316
20317
20318
20319
20320
20321
20322
20323
20324
20325
20326
20327
20328
20329
20330
20331
20332
20333
20334
20335
20336
20337
20338
20339
20340
20341
20342
20343
20344
20345
20346
20347
20348
20349
20350
20351
20352
20353
20354
20355
20356
20357
20358
20359
20360
20361
20362
20363
20364
20365
20366
20367
20368
20369
20370
20371
20372
20373
20374
20375
20376
20377
20378
20379
20380
20381
20382
20383
20384
20385
20386
20387
20388
20389
20390
20391
20392
20393
20394
20395
20396
20397
20398
20399
20400
20401
20402
20403
20404
20405
20406
20407
20408
20409
20410
20411
20412
20413
20414
20415
20416
20417
20418
20419
20420
20421
20422
20423
20424
20425
20426
20427
20428
20429
20430
20431
20432
20433
20434
20435
20436
20437
20438
20439
20440
20441
20442
20443
20444
20445
20446
20447
20448
20449
20450
20451
20452
20453
20454
20455
20456
20457
20458
20459
20460
20461
20462
20463
20464
20465
20466
20467
20468
20469
20470
20471
20472
20473
20474
20475
20476
20477
20478
20479
20480
20481
20482
20483
20484
20485
20486
20487
20488
20489
20490
20491
20492
20493
20494
20495
20496
20497
20498
20499
20500
20501
20502
20503
20504
20505
20506
20507
20508
20509
20510
20511
20512
20513
20514
20515
20516
20517
20518
20519
20520
20521
20522
20523
20524
20525
20526
20527
20528
20529
20530
20531
20532
20533
20534
20535
20536
20537
20538
20539
20540
20541
20542
20543
20544
20545
20546
20547
20548
20549
20550
20551
20552
20553
20554
20555
20556
20557
20558
20559
20560
20561
20562
20563
20564
20565
20566
20567
20568
20569
20570
20571
20572
20573
20574
20575
20576
20577
20578
20579
20580
20581
20582
20583
20584
20585
20586
20587
20588
20589
20590
20591
20592
20593
20594
20595
20596
20597
20598
20599
20600
20601
20602
20603
20604
20605
20606
20607
20608
20609
20610
20611
20612
20613
20614
20615
20616
20617
20618
20619
20620
20621
20622
20623
20624
20625
20626
20627
20628
20629
20630
20631
20632
20633
20634
20635
20636
20637
20638
20639
20640
20641
20642
20643
20644
20645
20646
20647
20648
20649
20650
20651
20652
20653
20654
20655
20656
20657
20658
20659
20660
20661
20662
20663
20664
20665
20666
20667
20668
20669
20670
20671
20672
20673
20674
20675
20676
20677
20678
20679
20680
20681
20682
20683
20684
20685
20686
20687
20688
20689
20690
20691
20692
20693
20694
20695
20696
20697
20698
20699
20700
20701
20702
20703
20704
20705
20706
20707
20708
20709
20710
20711
20712
20713
20714
20715
20716
20717
20718
20719
20720
20721
20722
20723
20724
20725
20726
20727
20728
20729
20730
20731
20732
20733
20734
20735
20736
20737
20738
20739
20740
20741
20742
20743
20744
20745
20746
20747
20748
20749
20750
20751
20752
20753
20754
20755
20756
20757
20758
20759
20760
20761
20762
20763
20764
20765
20766
20767
20768
20769
20770
20771
20772
20773
20774
20775
20776
20777
20778
20779
20780
20781
20782
20783
20784
20785
20786
20787
20788
20789
20790
20791
20792
20793
20794
20795
20796
20797
20798
20799
20800
20801
20802
20803
20804
20805
20806
20807
20808
20809
20810
20811
20812
20813
20814
20815
20816
20817
20818
20819
20820
20821
20822
20823
20824
20825
20826
20827
20828
20829
20830
20831
20832
20833
20834
20835
20836
20837
20838
20839
20840
20841
20842
20843
20844
20845
20846
20847
20848
20849
20850
20851
20852
20853
20854
20855
20856
20857
20858
20859
20860
20861
20862
20863
20864
20865
20866
20867
20868
20869
20870
20871
20872
20873
20874
20875
20876
20877
20878
20879
20880
20881
20882
20883
20884
20885
20886
20887
20888
20889
20890
20891
20892
20893
20894
20895
20896
20897
20898
20899
20900
20901
20902
20903
20904
20905
20906
20907
20908
20909
20910
20911
20912
20913
20914
20915
20916
20917
20918
20919
20920
20921
20922
20923
20924
20925
20926
20927
20928
20929
20930
20931
20932
20933
20934
20935
20936
20937
20938
20939
20940
20941
20942
20943
20944
20945
20946
20947
20948
20949
20950
20951
20952
20953
20954
20955
20956
20957
20958
20959
20960
20961
20962
20963
20964
20965
20966
20967
20968
20969
20970
20971
20972
20973
20974
20975
20976
20977
20978
20979
20980
20981
20982
20983
20984
20985
20986
20987
20988
20989
20990
20991
20992
20993
20994
20995
20996
20997
20998
20999
21000
21001
21002
21003
21004
21005
21006
21007
21008
21009
21010
21011
21012
21013
21014
21015
21016
21017
21018
21019
21020
21021
21022
21023
21024
21025
21026
21027
21028
21029
21030
21031
21032
21033
21034
21035
21036
21037
21038
21039
21040
21041
21042
21043
21044
21045
21046
21047
21048
21049
21050
21051
21052
21053
21054
21055
21056
21057
21058
21059
21060
21061
21062
21063
21064
21065
21066
21067
21068
21069
21070
21071
21072
21073
21074
21075
21076
21077
21078
21079
21080
21081
21082
21083
21084
21085
21086
21087
21088
21089
21090
21091
21092
21093
21094
21095
21096
21097
21098
21099
21100
21101
21102
21103
21104
21105
21106
21107
21108
21109
21110
21111
21112
21113
21114
21115
21116
21117
21118
21119
21120
21121
21122
21123
21124
21125
21126
21127
21128
21129
21130
21131
21132
21133
21134
21135
21136
21137
21138
21139
21140
21141
21142
21143
21144
21145
21146
21147
21148
21149
21150
21151
21152
21153
21154
21155
21156
21157
21158
21159
21160
21161
21162
21163
21164
21165
21166
21167
21168
21169
21170
21171
21172
21173
21174
21175
21176
21177
21178
21179
21180
21181
21182
21183
21184
21185
21186
21187
21188
21189
21190
21191
21192
21193
21194
21195
21196
21197
21198
21199
21200
21201
21202
21203
21204
21205
21206
21207
21208
21209
21210
21211
21212
21213
21214
21215
21216
21217
21218
21219
21220
21221
21222
21223
21224
21225
21226
21227
21228
21229
21230
21231
21232
21233
21234
21235
21236
21237
21238
21239
21240
21241
21242
21243
21244
21245
21246
21247
21248
21249
21250
21251
21252
21253
21254
21255
21256
21257
21258
21259
21260
21261
21262
21263
21264
21265
21266
21267
21268
21269
21270
21271
21272
21273
21274
21275
21276
21277
21278
21279
21280
21281
21282
21283
21284
21285
21286
21287
21288
21289
21290
21291
21292
21293
21294
21295
21296
21297
21298
21299
21300
21301
21302
21303
21304
21305
21306
21307
21308
21309
21310
21311
21312
21313
21314
21315
21316
21317
21318
21319
21320
21321
21322
21323
21324
21325
21326
21327
21328
21329
21330
21331
21332
21333
21334
21335
21336
21337
21338
21339
21340
21341
21342
21343
21344
21345
21346
21347
21348
21349
21350
21351
21352
21353
21354
21355
21356
21357
21358
21359
21360
21361
21362
21363
21364
21365
21366
21367
21368
21369
21370
21371
21372
21373
21374
21375
21376
21377
21378
21379
21380
21381
21382
21383
21384
21385
21386
21387
21388
21389
21390
21391
21392
21393
21394
21395
21396
21397
21398
21399
21400
21401
21402
21403
21404
21405
21406
21407
21408
21409
21410
21411
21412
21413
21414
21415
21416
21417
21418
21419
21420
21421
21422
21423
21424
21425
21426
21427
21428
21429
21430
21431
21432
21433
21434
21435
21436
21437
21438
21439
21440
21441
21442
21443
21444
21445
21446
21447
21448
21449
21450
21451
21452
21453
21454
21455
21456
21457
21458
21459
21460
21461
21462
21463
21464
21465
21466
21467
21468
21469
21470
21471
21472
21473
21474
21475
21476
21477
21478
21479
21480
21481
21482
21483
21484
21485
21486
21487
21488
21489
21490
21491
21492
21493
21494
21495
21496
21497
21498
21499
21500
21501
21502
21503
21504
21505
21506
21507
21508
21509
21510
21511
21512
21513
21514
21515
21516
21517
21518
21519
21520
21521
21522
21523
21524
21525
21526
21527
21528
21529
21530
21531
21532
21533
21534
21535
21536
21537
21538
21539
21540
21541
21542
21543
21544
21545
21546
21547
21548
21549
21550
21551
21552
21553
21554
21555
21556
21557
21558
21559
21560
21561
21562
21563
21564
21565
21566
21567
21568
21569
21570
21571
21572
21573
21574
21575
21576
21577
21578
21579
21580
21581
21582
21583
21584
21585
21586
21587
21588
21589
21590
21591
21592
21593
21594
21595
21596
21597
21598
21599
21600
21601
21602
21603
21604
21605
21606
21607
21608
21609
21610
21611
21612
21613
21614
21615
21616
21617
21618
21619
21620
21621
21622
21623
21624
21625
21626
21627
21628
21629
21630
21631
21632
21633
21634
21635
21636
21637
21638
21639
21640
21641
21642
21643
21644
21645
21646
21647
21648
21649
21650
21651
21652
21653
21654
21655
21656
21657
21658
21659
21660
21661
21662
21663
21664
21665
21666
21667
21668
21669
21670
21671
21672
21673
21674
21675
21676
21677
21678
21679
21680
21681
21682
21683
21684
21685
21686
21687
21688
21689
21690
21691
21692
21693
21694
21695
21696
21697
21698
21699
21700
21701
21702
21703
21704
21705
21706
21707
21708
21709
21710
21711
21712
21713
21714
21715
21716
21717
21718
21719
21720
21721
21722
21723
21724
21725
21726
21727
21728
21729
21730
21731
21732
21733
21734
21735
21736
21737
21738
21739
21740
21741
21742
21743
21744
21745
21746
21747
21748
21749
21750
21751
21752
21753
21754
21755
21756
21757
21758
21759
21760
21761
21762
21763
21764
21765
21766
21767
21768
21769
21770
21771
21772
21773
21774
21775
21776
21777
21778
21779
21780
21781
21782
21783
21784
21785
21786
21787
21788
21789
21790
21791
21792
21793
21794
21795
21796
21797
21798
21799
21800
21801
21802
21803
21804
21805
21806
21807
21808
21809
21810
21811
21812
21813
21814
21815
21816
21817
21818
21819
21820
21821
21822
21823
21824
21825
21826
21827
21828
21829
21830
21831
21832
21833
21834
21835
21836
21837
21838
21839
21840
21841
21842
21843
21844
21845
21846
21847
21848
21849
21850
21851
21852
21853
21854
21855
21856
21857
21858
21859
21860
21861
21862
21863
21864
21865
21866
21867
21868
21869
21870
21871
21872
21873
21874
21875
21876
21877
21878
21879
21880
21881
21882
21883
21884
21885
21886
21887
21888
21889
21890
21891
21892
21893
21894
21895
21896
21897
21898
21899
21900
21901
21902
21903
21904
21905
21906
21907
21908
21909
21910
21911
21912
21913
21914
21915
21916
21917
21918
21919
21920
21921
21922
21923
21924
21925
21926
21927
21928
21929
21930
21931
21932
21933
21934
21935
21936
21937
21938
21939
21940
21941
21942
21943
21944
21945
21946
21947
21948
21949
21950
21951
21952
21953
21954
21955
21956
21957
21958
21959
21960
21961
21962
21963
21964
21965
21966
21967
21968
21969
21970
21971
21972
21973
21974
21975
21976
21977
21978
21979
21980
21981
21982
21983
21984
21985
21986
21987
21988
21989
21990
21991
21992
21993
21994
21995
21996
21997
21998
21999
22000
22001
22002
22003
22004
22005
22006
22007
22008
22009
22010
22011
22012
22013
22014
22015
22016
22017
22018
22019
22020
22021
22022
22023
22024
22025
22026
22027
22028
22029
22030
22031
22032
22033
22034
22035
22036
22037
22038
22039
22040
22041
22042
22043
22044
22045
22046
22047
22048
22049
22050
22051
22052
22053
22054
22055
22056
22057
22058
22059
22060
22061
22062
22063
22064
22065
22066
22067
22068
22069
22070
22071
22072
22073
22074
22075
22076
22077
22078
22079
22080
22081
22082
22083
22084
22085
22086
22087
22088
22089
22090
22091
22092
22093
22094
22095
22096
22097
22098
22099
22100
22101
22102
22103
22104
22105
22106
22107
22108
22109
22110
22111
22112
22113
22114
22115
22116
22117
22118
22119
22120
22121
22122
22123
22124
22125
22126
22127
22128
22129
22130
22131
22132
22133
22134
22135
22136
22137
22138
22139
22140
22141
22142
22143
22144
22145
22146
22147
22148
22149
22150
22151
22152
22153
22154
22155
22156
22157
22158
22159
22160
22161
22162
22163
22164
22165
22166
22167
22168
22169
22170
22171
22172
22173
22174
22175
22176
22177
22178
22179
22180
22181
22182
22183
22184
22185
22186
22187
22188
22189
22190
22191
22192
22193
22194
22195
22196
22197
22198
22199
22200
22201
22202
22203
22204
22205
22206
22207
22208
22209
22210
22211
22212
22213
22214
22215
22216
22217
22218
22219
22220
22221
22222
22223
22224
22225
22226
22227
22228
22229
22230
22231
22232
22233
22234
22235
22236
22237
22238
22239
22240
22241
22242
22243
22244
22245
22246
22247
22248
22249
22250
22251
22252
22253
22254
22255
22256
22257
22258
22259
22260
22261
22262
22263
22264
22265
22266
22267
22268
22269
22270
22271
22272
22273
22274
22275
22276
22277
22278
22279
22280
22281
22282
22283
22284
22285
22286
22287
22288
22289
22290
22291
22292
22293
22294
22295
22296
22297
22298
22299
22300
22301
22302
22303
22304
22305
22306
22307
22308
22309
22310
22311
22312
22313
22314
22315
22316
22317
22318
22319
22320
22321
22322
22323
22324
22325
22326
22327
22328
22329
22330
22331
22332
22333
22334
22335
22336
22337
22338
22339
22340
22341
22342
22343
22344
22345
22346
22347
22348
22349
22350
22351
22352
22353
22354
22355
22356
22357
22358
22359
22360
22361
22362
22363
22364
22365
22366
22367
22368
22369
22370
22371
22372
22373
22374
22375
22376
22377
22378
22379
22380
22381
22382
22383
22384
22385
22386
22387
22388
22389
22390
22391
22392
22393
22394
22395
22396
22397
22398
22399
22400
22401
22402
22403
22404
22405
22406
22407
22408
22409
22410
22411
22412
22413
22414
22415
22416
22417
22418
22419
22420
22421
22422
22423
22424
22425
22426
22427
22428
22429
22430
22431
22432
22433
22434
22435
22436
22437
22438
22439
22440
22441
22442
22443
22444
22445
22446
22447
22448
22449
22450
22451
22452
22453
22454
22455
22456
22457
22458
22459
22460
22461
22462
22463
22464
22465
22466
22467
22468
22469
22470
22471
22472
22473
22474
22475
22476
22477
22478
22479
22480
22481
22482
22483
22484
22485
22486
22487
22488
22489
22490
22491
22492
22493
22494
22495
22496
22497
22498
22499
22500
22501
22502
22503
22504
22505
22506
22507
22508
22509
22510
22511
22512
22513
22514
22515
22516
22517
22518
22519
22520
22521
22522
22523
22524
22525
22526
22527
22528
22529
22530
22531
22532
22533
22534
22535
22536
22537
22538
22539
22540
22541
22542
22543
22544
22545
22546
22547
22548
22549
22550
22551
22552
22553
22554
22555
22556
22557
22558
22559
22560
22561
22562
22563
22564
22565
22566
22567
22568
22569
22570
22571
22572
22573
22574
22575
22576
22577
22578
22579
22580
22581
22582
22583
22584
22585
22586
22587
22588
22589
22590
22591
22592
22593
22594
22595
22596
22597
22598
22599
22600
22601
22602
22603
22604
22605
22606
22607
22608
22609
22610
22611
22612
22613
22614
22615
22616
22617
22618
22619
22620
22621
22622
22623
22624
22625
22626
22627
22628
22629
22630
22631
22632
22633
22634
22635
22636
22637
22638
22639
22640
22641
22642
22643
22644
22645
22646
22647
22648
22649
22650
22651
22652
22653
22654
22655
22656
22657
22658
22659
22660
22661
22662
22663
22664
22665
22666
22667
22668
22669
22670
22671
22672
22673
22674
22675
22676
22677
22678
22679
22680
22681
22682
22683
22684
22685
22686
22687
22688
22689
22690
22691
22692
22693
22694
22695
22696
22697
22698
22699
22700
22701
22702
22703
22704
22705
22706
22707
22708
22709
22710
22711
22712
22713
22714
22715
22716
22717
22718
22719
22720
22721
22722
22723
22724
22725
22726
22727
22728
22729
22730
22731
22732
22733
22734
22735
22736
22737
22738
22739
22740
22741
22742
22743
22744
22745
22746
22747
22748
22749
22750
22751
22752
22753
22754
22755
22756
22757
22758
22759
22760
22761
22762
22763
22764
22765
22766
22767
22768
22769
22770
22771
22772
22773
22774
22775
22776
22777
22778
22779
22780
22781
22782
22783
22784
22785
22786
22787
22788
22789
22790
22791
22792
22793
22794
22795
22796
22797
22798
22799
22800
22801
22802
22803
22804
22805
22806
22807
22808
22809
22810
22811
22812
22813
22814
22815
22816
22817
22818
22819
22820
22821
22822
22823
22824
22825
22826
22827
22828
22829
22830
22831
22832
22833
22834
22835
22836
22837
22838
22839
22840
22841
22842
22843
22844
22845
22846
22847
22848
22849
22850
22851
22852
22853
22854
22855
22856
22857
22858
22859
22860
22861
22862
22863
22864
22865
22866
22867
22868
22869
22870
22871
22872
22873
22874
22875
22876
22877
22878
22879
22880
22881
22882
22883
22884
22885
22886
22887
22888
22889
22890
22891
22892
22893
22894
22895
22896
22897
22898
22899
22900
22901
22902
22903
22904
22905
22906
22907
22908
22909
22910
22911
22912
22913
22914
22915
22916
22917
22918
22919
22920
22921
22922
22923
22924
22925
22926
22927
22928
22929
22930
22931
22932
22933
22934
22935
22936
22937
22938
22939
22940
22941
22942
22943
22944
22945
22946
22947
22948
22949
22950
22951
22952
22953
22954
22955
22956
22957
22958
22959
22960
22961
22962
22963
22964
22965
22966
22967
22968
22969
22970
22971
22972
22973
22974
22975
22976
22977
22978
22979
22980
22981
22982
22983
22984
22985
22986
22987
22988
22989
22990
22991
22992
22993
22994
22995
22996
22997
22998
22999
23000
23001
23002
23003
23004
23005
23006
23007
23008
23009
23010
23011
23012
23013
23014
23015
23016
23017
23018
23019
23020
23021
23022
23023
23024
23025
23026
23027
23028
23029
23030
23031
23032
23033
23034
23035
23036
23037
23038
23039
23040
23041
23042
23043
23044
23045
23046
23047
23048
23049
23050
23051
23052
23053
23054
23055
23056
23057
23058
23059
23060
23061
23062
23063
23064
23065
23066
23067
23068
23069
23070
23071
23072
23073
23074
23075
23076
23077
23078
23079
23080
23081
23082
23083
23084
23085
23086
23087
23088
23089
23090
23091
23092
23093
23094
23095
23096
23097
23098
23099
23100
23101
23102
23103
23104
23105
23106
23107
23108
23109
23110
23111
23112
23113
23114
23115
23116
23117
23118
23119
23120
23121
23122
23123
23124
23125
23126
23127
23128
23129
23130
23131
23132
23133
23134
23135
23136
23137
23138
23139
23140
23141
23142
23143
23144
23145
23146
23147
23148
23149
23150
23151
23152
23153
23154
23155
23156
23157
23158
23159
23160
23161
23162
23163
23164
23165
23166
23167
23168
23169
23170
23171
23172
23173
23174
23175
23176
23177
23178
23179
23180
23181
23182
23183
23184
23185
23186
23187
23188
23189
23190
23191
23192
23193
23194
23195
23196
23197
23198
23199
23200
23201
23202
23203
23204
23205
23206
23207
23208
23209
23210
23211
23212
23213
23214
23215
23216
23217
23218
23219
23220
23221
23222
23223
23224
23225
23226
23227
23228
23229
23230
23231
23232
23233
23234
23235
23236
23237
23238
23239
23240
23241
23242
23243
23244
23245
23246
23247
23248
23249
23250
23251
23252
23253
23254
23255
23256
23257
23258
23259
23260
23261
23262
23263
23264
23265
23266
23267
23268
23269
23270
23271
23272
23273
23274
23275
23276
23277
23278
23279
23280
23281
23282
23283
23284
23285
23286
23287
23288
23289
23290
23291
23292
23293
23294
23295
23296
23297
23298
23299
23300
23301
23302
23303
23304
23305
23306
23307
23308
23309
23310
23311
23312
23313
23314
23315
23316
23317
23318
23319
23320
23321
23322
23323
23324
23325
23326
23327
23328
23329
23330
23331
23332
23333
23334
23335
23336
23337
23338
23339
23340
23341
23342
23343
23344
23345
23346
23347
23348
23349
23350
23351
23352
23353
23354
23355
23356
23357
23358
23359
23360
23361
23362
23363
23364
23365
23366
23367
23368
23369
23370
23371
23372
23373
23374
23375
23376
23377
23378
23379
23380
23381
23382
23383
23384
23385
23386
23387
23388
23389
23390
23391
23392
23393
23394
23395
23396
23397
23398
23399
23400
23401
23402
23403
23404
23405
23406
23407
23408
23409
23410
23411
23412
23413
23414
23415
23416
23417
23418
23419
23420
23421
23422
23423
23424
23425
23426
23427
23428
23429
23430
23431
23432
23433
23434
23435
23436
23437
23438
23439
23440
23441
23442
23443
23444
23445
23446
23447
23448
23449
23450
23451
23452
23453
23454
23455
23456
23457
23458
23459
23460
23461
23462
23463
23464
23465
23466
23467
23468
23469
23470
23471
23472
23473
23474
23475
23476
23477
23478
23479
23480
23481
23482
23483
23484
23485
23486
23487
23488
23489
23490
23491
23492
23493
23494
23495
23496
23497
23498
23499
23500
23501
23502
23503
23504
23505
23506
23507
23508
23509
23510
23511
23512
23513
23514
23515
23516
23517
23518
23519
23520
23521
23522
23523
23524
23525
23526
23527
23528
23529
23530
23531
23532
23533
23534
23535
23536
23537
23538
23539
23540
23541
23542
23543
23544
23545
23546
23547
23548
23549
23550
23551
23552
23553
23554
23555
23556
23557
23558
23559
23560
23561
23562
23563
23564
23565
23566
23567
23568
23569
23570
23571
23572
23573
23574
23575
23576
23577
23578
23579
23580
23581
23582
23583
23584
23585
23586
23587
23588
23589
23590
23591
23592
23593
23594
23595
23596
23597
23598
23599
23600
23601
23602
23603
23604
23605
23606
23607
23608
23609
23610
23611
23612
23613
23614
23615
23616
23617
23618
23619
23620
23621
23622
23623
23624
23625
23626
23627
23628
23629
23630
23631
23632
23633
23634
23635
23636
23637
23638
23639
23640
23641
23642
23643
23644
23645
23646
23647
23648
23649
23650
23651
23652
23653
23654
23655
23656
23657
23658
23659
23660
23661
23662
23663
23664
23665
23666
23667
23668
23669
23670
23671
23672
23673
23674
23675
23676
23677
23678
23679
23680
23681
23682
23683
23684
23685
23686
23687
23688
23689
23690
23691
23692
23693
23694
23695
23696
23697
23698
23699
23700
23701
23702
23703
23704
23705
23706
23707
23708
23709
23710
23711
23712
23713
23714
23715
23716
23717
23718
23719
23720
23721
23722
23723
23724
23725
23726
23727
23728
23729
23730
23731
23732
23733
23734
23735
23736
23737
23738
23739
23740
23741
23742
23743
23744
23745
23746
23747
23748
23749
23750
23751
23752
23753
23754
23755
23756
23757
23758
23759
23760
23761
23762
23763
23764
23765
23766
23767
23768
23769
23770
23771
23772
23773
23774
23775
23776
23777
23778
23779
23780
23781
23782
23783
23784
23785
23786
23787
23788
23789
23790
23791
23792
23793
23794
23795
23796
23797
23798
23799
23800
23801
23802
23803
23804
23805
23806
23807
23808
23809
23810
23811
23812
23813
23814
23815
23816
23817
23818
23819
23820
23821
23822
23823
23824
23825
23826
23827
23828
23829
23830
23831
23832
23833
23834
23835
23836
23837
23838
23839
23840
23841
23842
23843
23844
23845
23846
23847
23848
23849
23850
23851
23852
23853
23854
23855
23856
23857
23858
23859
23860
23861
23862
23863
23864
23865
23866
23867
23868
23869
23870
23871
23872
23873
23874
23875
23876
23877
23878
23879
23880
23881
23882
23883
23884
23885
23886
23887
23888
23889
23890
23891
23892
23893
23894
23895
23896
23897
23898
23899
23900
23901
23902
23903
23904
23905
23906
23907
23908
23909
23910
23911
23912
23913
23914
23915
23916
23917
23918
23919
23920
23921
23922
23923
23924
23925
23926
23927
23928
23929
23930
23931
23932
23933
23934
23935
23936
23937
23938
23939
23940
23941
23942
23943
23944
23945
23946
23947
23948
23949
23950
23951
23952
23953
23954
23955
23956
23957
23958
23959
23960
23961
23962
23963
23964
23965
23966
23967
23968
23969
23970
23971
23972
23973
23974
23975
23976
23977
23978
23979
23980
23981
23982
23983
23984
23985
23986
23987
23988
23989
23990
23991
23992
23993
23994
23995
23996
23997
23998
23999
24000
24001
24002
24003
24004
24005
24006
24007
24008
24009
24010
24011
24012
24013
24014
24015
24016
24017
24018
24019
24020
24021
24022
24023
24024
24025
24026
24027
24028
24029
24030
24031
24032
24033
24034
24035
24036
24037
24038
24039
24040
24041
24042
24043
24044
24045
24046
24047
24048
24049
24050
24051
24052
24053
24054
24055
24056
24057
24058
24059
24060
24061
24062
24063
24064
24065
24066
24067
24068
24069
24070
24071
24072
24073
24074
24075
24076
24077
24078
24079
24080
24081
24082
24083
24084
24085
24086
24087
24088
24089
24090
24091
24092
24093
24094
24095
24096
24097
24098
24099
24100
24101
24102
24103
24104
24105
24106
24107
24108
24109
24110
24111
24112
24113
24114
24115
24116
24117
24118
24119
24120
24121
24122
24123
24124
24125
24126
24127
24128
24129
24130
24131
24132
24133
24134
24135
24136
24137
24138
24139
24140
24141
24142
24143
24144
24145
24146
24147
24148
24149
24150
24151
24152
24153
24154
24155
24156
24157
24158
24159
24160
24161
24162
24163
24164
24165
24166
24167
24168
24169
24170
24171
24172
24173
24174
24175
24176
24177
24178
24179
24180
24181
24182
24183
24184
24185
24186
24187
24188
24189
24190
24191
24192
24193
24194
24195
24196
24197
24198
24199
24200
24201
24202
24203
24204
24205
24206
24207
24208
24209
24210
24211
24212
24213
24214
24215
24216
24217
24218
24219
24220
24221
24222
24223
24224
24225
24226
24227
24228
24229
24230
24231
24232
24233
24234
24235
24236
24237
24238
24239
24240
24241
24242
24243
24244
24245
24246
24247
24248
24249
24250
24251
24252
24253
24254
24255
24256
24257
24258
24259
24260
24261
24262
24263
24264
24265
24266
24267
24268
24269
24270
24271
24272
24273
24274
24275
24276
24277
24278
24279
24280
24281
24282
24283
24284
24285
24286
24287
24288
24289
24290
24291
24292
24293
24294
24295
24296
24297
24298
24299
24300
24301
24302
24303
24304
24305
24306
24307
24308
24309
24310
24311
24312
24313
24314
24315
24316
24317
24318
24319
24320
24321
24322
24323
24324
24325
24326
24327
24328
24329
24330
24331
24332
24333
24334
24335
24336
24337
24338
24339
24340
24341
24342
24343
24344
24345
24346
24347
24348
24349
24350
24351
24352
24353
24354
24355
24356
24357
24358
24359
24360
24361
24362
24363
24364
24365
24366
24367
24368
24369
24370
24371
24372
24373
24374
24375
24376
24377
24378
24379
24380
24381
24382
24383
24384
24385
24386
24387
24388
24389
24390
24391
24392
24393
24394
24395
24396
24397
24398
24399
24400
24401
24402
24403
24404
24405
24406
24407
24408
24409
24410
24411
24412
24413
24414
24415
24416
24417
24418
24419
24420
24421
24422
24423
24424
24425
24426
24427
24428
24429
24430
24431
24432
24433
24434
24435
24436
24437
24438
24439
24440
24441
24442
24443
24444
24445
24446
24447
24448
24449
24450
24451
24452
24453
24454
24455
24456
24457
24458
24459
24460
24461
24462
24463
24464
24465
24466
24467
24468
24469
24470
24471
24472
24473
24474
24475
24476
24477
24478
24479
24480
24481
24482
24483
24484
24485
24486
24487
24488
24489
24490
24491
24492
24493
24494
24495
24496
24497
24498
24499
24500
24501
24502
24503
24504
24505
24506
24507
24508
24509
24510
24511
24512
24513
24514
24515
24516
24517
24518
24519
24520
24521
24522
24523
24524
24525
24526
24527
24528
24529
24530
24531
24532
24533
24534
24535
24536
24537
24538
24539
24540
24541
24542
24543
24544
24545
24546
24547
24548
24549
24550
24551
24552
24553
24554
24555
24556
24557
24558
24559
24560
24561
24562
24563
24564
24565
24566
24567
24568
24569
24570
24571
24572
24573
24574
24575
24576
24577
24578
24579
24580
24581
24582
24583
24584
24585
24586
24587
24588
24589
24590
24591
24592
24593
24594
24595
24596
24597
24598
24599
24600
24601
24602
24603
24604
24605
24606
24607
24608
24609
24610
24611
24612
24613
24614
24615
24616
24617
24618
24619
24620
24621
24622
24623
24624
24625
24626
24627
24628
24629
24630
24631
24632
24633
24634
24635
24636
24637
24638
24639
24640
24641
24642
24643
24644
24645
24646
24647
24648
24649
24650
24651
24652
24653
24654
24655
24656
24657
24658
24659
24660
24661
24662
24663
24664
24665
24666
24667
24668
24669
24670
24671
24672
24673
24674
24675
24676
24677
24678
24679
24680
24681
24682
24683
24684
24685
24686
24687
24688
24689
24690
24691
24692
24693
24694
24695
24696
24697
24698
24699
24700
24701
24702
24703
24704
24705
24706
24707
24708
24709
24710
24711
24712
24713
24714
24715
24716
24717
24718
24719
24720
24721
24722
24723
24724
24725
24726
24727
24728
24729
24730
24731
24732
24733
24734
24735
24736
24737
24738
24739
24740
24741
24742
24743
24744
24745
24746
24747
24748
24749
24750
24751
24752
24753
24754
24755
24756
24757
24758
24759
24760
24761
24762
24763
24764
24765
24766
24767
24768
24769
24770
24771
24772
24773
24774
24775
24776
24777
24778
24779
24780
24781
24782
24783
24784
24785
24786
24787
24788
24789
24790
24791
24792
24793
24794
24795
24796
24797
24798
24799
24800
24801
24802
24803
24804
24805
24806
24807
24808
24809
24810
24811
24812
24813
24814
24815
24816
24817
24818
24819
24820
24821
24822
24823
24824
24825
24826
24827
24828
24829
24830
24831
24832
24833
24834
24835
24836
24837
24838
24839
24840
24841
24842
24843
24844
24845
24846
24847
24848
24849
24850
24851
24852
24853
24854
24855
24856
24857
24858
24859
24860
24861
24862
24863
24864
24865
24866
24867
24868
24869
24870
24871
24872
24873
24874
24875
24876
24877
24878
24879
24880
24881
24882
24883
24884
24885
24886
24887
24888
24889
24890
24891
24892
24893
24894
24895
24896
24897
24898
24899
24900
24901
24902
24903
24904
24905
24906
24907
24908
24909
24910
24911
24912
24913
24914
24915
24916
24917
24918
24919
24920
24921
24922
24923
24924
24925
24926
24927
24928
24929
24930
24931
24932
24933
24934
24935
24936
24937
24938
24939
24940
24941
24942
24943
24944
24945
24946
24947
24948
24949
24950
24951
24952
24953
24954
24955
24956
24957
24958
24959
24960
24961
24962
24963
24964
24965
24966
24967
24968
24969
24970
24971
24972
24973
24974
24975
24976
24977
24978
24979
24980
24981
24982
24983
24984
24985
24986
24987
24988
24989
24990
24991
24992
24993
24994
24995
24996
24997
24998
24999
25000
25001
25002
25003
25004
25005
25006
25007
25008
25009
25010
25011
25012
25013
25014
25015
25016
25017
25018
25019
25020
25021
25022
25023
25024
25025
25026
25027
25028
25029
25030
25031
25032
25033
25034
25035
25036
25037
25038
25039
25040
25041
25042
25043
25044
25045
25046
25047
25048
25049
25050
25051
25052
25053
25054
25055
25056
25057
25058
25059
25060
25061
25062
25063
25064
25065
25066
25067
25068
25069
25070
25071
25072
25073
25074
25075
25076
25077
25078
25079
25080
25081
25082
25083
25084
25085
25086
25087
25088
25089
25090
25091
25092
25093
25094
25095
25096
25097
25098
25099
25100
25101
25102
25103
25104
25105
25106
25107
25108
25109
25110
25111
25112
25113
25114
25115
25116
25117
25118
25119
25120
25121
25122
25123
25124
25125
25126
25127
25128
25129
25130
25131
25132
25133
25134
25135
25136
25137
25138
25139
25140
25141
25142
25143
25144
25145
25146
25147
25148
25149
25150
25151
25152
25153
25154
25155
25156
25157
25158
25159
25160
25161
25162
25163
25164
25165
25166
25167
25168
25169
25170
25171
25172
25173
25174
25175
25176
25177
25178
25179
25180
25181
25182
25183
25184
25185
25186
25187
25188
25189
25190
25191
25192
25193
25194
25195
25196
25197
25198
25199
25200
25201
25202
25203
25204
25205
25206
25207
25208
25209
25210
25211
25212
25213
25214
25215
25216
25217
25218
25219
25220
25221
25222
25223
25224
25225
25226
25227
25228
25229
25230
25231
25232
25233
25234
25235
25236
25237
25238
25239
25240
25241
25242
25243
25244
25245
25246
25247
25248
25249
25250
25251
25252
25253
25254
25255
25256
25257
25258
25259
25260
25261
25262
25263
25264
25265
25266
25267
25268
25269
25270
25271
25272
25273
25274
25275
25276
25277
25278
25279
25280
25281
25282
25283
25284
25285
25286
25287
25288
25289
25290
25291
25292
25293
25294
25295
25296
25297
25298
25299
25300
25301
25302
25303
25304
25305
25306
25307
25308
25309
25310
25311
25312
25313
25314
25315
25316
25317
25318
25319
25320
25321
25322
25323
25324
25325
25326
25327
25328
25329
25330
25331
25332
25333
25334
25335
25336
25337
25338
25339
25340
25341
25342
25343
25344
25345
25346
25347
25348
25349
25350
25351
25352
25353
25354
25355
25356
25357
25358
25359
25360
25361
25362
25363
25364
25365
25366
25367
25368
25369
25370
25371
25372
25373
25374
25375
25376
25377
25378
25379
25380
25381
25382
25383
25384
25385
25386
25387
25388
25389
25390
25391
25392
25393
25394
25395
25396
25397
25398
25399
25400
25401
25402
25403
25404
25405
25406
25407
25408
25409
25410
25411
25412
25413
25414
25415
25416
25417
25418
25419
25420
25421
25422
25423
25424
25425
25426
25427
25428
25429
25430
25431
25432
25433
25434
25435
25436
25437
25438
25439
25440
25441
25442
25443
25444
25445
25446
25447
25448
25449
25450
25451
25452
25453
25454
25455
25456
25457
25458
25459
25460
25461
25462
25463
25464
25465
25466
25467
25468
25469
25470
25471
25472
25473
25474
25475
25476
25477
25478
25479
25480
25481
25482
25483
25484
25485
25486
25487
25488
25489
25490
25491
25492
25493
25494
25495
25496
25497
25498
25499
25500
25501
25502
25503
25504
25505
25506
25507
25508
25509
25510
25511
25512
25513
25514
25515
25516
25517
25518
25519
25520
25521
25522
25523
25524
25525
25526
25527
25528
25529
25530
25531
25532
25533
25534
25535
25536
25537
25538
25539
25540
25541
25542
25543
25544
25545
25546
25547
25548
25549
25550
25551
25552
25553
25554
25555
25556
25557
25558
25559
25560
25561
25562
25563
25564
25565
25566
25567
25568
25569
25570
25571
25572
25573
25574
25575
25576
25577
25578
25579
25580
25581
25582
25583
25584
25585
25586
25587
25588
25589
25590
25591
25592
25593
25594
25595
25596
25597
25598
25599
25600
25601
25602
25603
25604
25605
25606
25607
25608
25609
25610
25611
25612
25613
25614
25615
25616
25617
25618
25619
25620
25621
25622
25623
25624
25625
25626
25627
25628
25629
25630
25631
25632
25633
25634
25635
25636
25637
25638
25639
25640
25641
25642
25643
25644
25645
25646
25647
25648
25649
25650
25651
25652
25653
25654
25655
25656
25657
25658
25659
25660
25661
25662
25663
25664
25665
25666
25667
25668
25669
25670
25671
25672
25673
25674
25675
25676
25677
25678
25679
25680
25681
25682
25683
25684
25685
25686
25687
25688
25689
25690
25691
25692
25693
25694
25695
25696
25697
25698
25699
25700
25701
25702
25703
25704
25705
25706
25707
25708
25709
25710
25711
25712
25713
25714
25715
25716
25717
25718
25719
25720
25721
25722
25723
25724
25725
25726
25727
25728
25729
25730
25731
25732
25733
25734
25735
25736
25737
25738
25739
25740
25741
25742
25743
25744
25745
25746
25747
25748
25749
25750
25751
25752
25753
25754
25755
25756
25757
25758
25759
25760
25761
25762
25763
25764
25765
25766
25767
25768
25769
25770
25771
25772
25773
25774
25775
25776
25777
25778
25779
25780
25781
25782
25783
25784
25785
25786
25787
25788
25789
25790
25791
25792
25793
25794
25795
25796
25797
25798
25799
25800
25801
25802
25803
25804
25805
25806
25807
25808
25809
25810
25811
25812
25813
25814
25815
25816
25817
25818
25819
25820
25821
25822
25823
25824
25825
25826
25827
25828
25829
25830
25831
25832
25833
25834
25835
25836
25837
25838
25839
25840
25841
25842
25843
25844
25845
25846
25847
25848
25849
25850
25851
25852
25853
25854
25855
25856
25857
25858
25859
25860
25861
25862
25863
25864
25865
25866
25867
25868
25869
25870
25871
25872
25873
25874
25875
25876
25877
25878
25879
25880
25881
25882
25883
25884
25885
25886
25887
25888
25889
25890
25891
25892
25893
25894
25895
25896
25897
25898
25899
25900
25901
25902
25903
25904
25905
25906
25907
25908
25909
25910
25911
25912
25913
25914
25915
25916
25917
25918
25919
25920
25921
25922
25923
25924
25925
25926
25927
25928
25929
25930
25931
25932
25933
25934
25935
25936
25937
25938
25939
25940
25941
25942
25943
25944
25945
25946
25947
25948
25949
25950
25951
25952
25953
25954
25955
25956
25957
25958
25959
25960
25961
25962
25963
25964
25965
25966
25967
25968
25969
25970
25971
25972
25973
25974
25975
25976
25977
25978
25979
25980
25981
25982
25983
25984
25985
25986
25987
25988
25989
25990
25991
25992
25993
25994
25995
25996
25997
25998
25999
26000
26001
26002
26003
26004
26005
26006
26007
26008
26009
26010
26011
26012
26013
26014
26015
26016
26017
26018
26019
26020
26021
26022
26023
26024
26025
26026
26027
26028
26029
26030
26031
26032
26033
26034
26035
26036
26037
26038
26039
26040
26041
26042
26043
26044
26045
26046
26047
26048
26049
26050
26051
26052
26053
26054
26055
26056
26057
26058
26059
26060
26061
26062
26063
26064
26065
26066
26067
26068
26069
26070
26071
26072
26073
26074
26075
26076
26077
26078
26079
26080
26081
26082
26083
26084
26085
26086
26087
26088
26089
26090
26091
26092
26093
26094
26095
26096
26097
26098
26099
26100
26101
26102
26103
26104
26105
26106
26107
26108
26109
26110
26111
26112
26113
26114
26115
26116
26117
26118
26119
26120
26121
26122
26123
26124
26125
26126
26127
26128
26129
26130
26131
26132
26133
26134
26135
26136
26137
26138
26139
26140
26141
26142
26143
26144
26145
26146
26147
26148
26149
26150
26151
26152
26153
26154
26155
26156
26157
26158
26159
26160
26161
26162
26163
26164
26165
26166
26167
26168
26169
26170
26171
26172
26173
26174
26175
26176
26177
26178
26179
26180
26181
26182
26183
26184
26185
26186
26187
26188
26189
26190
26191
26192
26193
26194
26195
26196
26197
26198
26199
26200
26201
26202
26203
26204
26205
26206
26207
26208
26209
26210
26211
26212
26213
26214
26215
26216
26217
26218
26219
26220
26221
26222
26223
26224
26225
26226
26227
26228
26229
26230
26231
26232
26233
26234
26235
26236
26237
26238
26239
26240
26241
26242
26243
26244
26245
26246
26247
26248
26249
26250
26251
26252
26253
26254
26255
26256
26257
26258
26259
26260
26261
26262
26263
26264
26265
26266
26267
26268
26269
26270
26271
26272
26273
26274
26275
26276
26277
26278
26279
26280
26281
26282
26283
26284
26285
26286
26287
26288
26289
26290
26291
26292
26293
26294
26295
26296
26297
26298
26299
26300
26301
26302
26303
26304
26305
26306
26307
26308
26309
26310
26311
26312
26313
26314
26315
26316
26317
26318
26319
26320
26321
26322
26323
26324
26325
26326
26327
26328
26329
26330
26331
26332
26333
26334
26335
26336
26337
26338
26339
26340
26341
26342
26343
26344
26345
26346
26347
26348
26349
26350
26351
26352
26353
26354
26355
26356
26357
26358
26359
26360
26361
26362
26363
26364
26365
26366
26367
26368
26369
26370
26371
26372
26373
26374
26375
26376
26377
26378
26379
26380
26381
26382
26383
26384
26385
26386
26387
26388
26389
26390
26391
26392
26393
26394
26395
26396
26397
26398
26399
26400
26401
26402
26403
26404
26405
26406
26407
26408
26409
26410
26411
26412
26413
26414
26415
26416
26417
26418
26419
26420
26421
26422
26423
26424
26425
26426
26427
26428
26429
26430
26431
26432
26433
26434
26435
26436
26437
26438
26439
26440
26441
26442
26443
26444
26445
26446
26447
26448
26449
26450
26451
26452
26453
26454
26455
26456
26457
26458
26459
26460
26461
26462
26463
26464
26465
26466
26467
26468
26469
26470
26471
26472
26473
26474
26475
26476
26477
26478
26479
26480
26481
26482
26483
26484
26485
26486
26487
26488
26489
26490
26491
26492
26493
26494
26495
26496
26497
26498
26499
26500
26501
26502
26503
26504
26505
26506
26507
26508
26509
26510
26511
26512
26513
26514
26515
26516
26517
26518
26519
26520
26521
26522
26523
26524
26525
26526
26527
26528
26529
26530
26531
26532
26533
26534
26535
26536
26537
26538
26539
26540
26541
26542
26543
26544
26545
26546
26547
26548
26549
26550
26551
26552
26553
26554
26555
26556
26557
26558
26559
26560
26561
26562
26563
26564
26565
26566
26567
26568
26569
26570
26571
26572
26573
26574
26575
26576
26577
26578
26579
26580
26581
26582
26583
26584
26585
26586
26587
26588
26589
26590
26591
26592
26593
26594
26595
26596
26597
26598
26599
26600
26601
26602
26603
26604
26605
26606
26607
26608
26609
26610
26611
26612
26613
26614
26615
26616
26617
26618
26619
26620
26621
26622
26623
26624
26625
26626
26627
26628
26629
26630
26631
26632
26633
26634
26635
26636
26637
26638
26639
26640
26641
26642
26643
26644
26645
26646
26647
26648
26649
26650
26651
26652
26653
26654
26655
26656
26657
26658
26659
26660
26661
26662
26663
26664
26665
26666
26667
26668
26669
26670
26671
26672
26673
26674
26675
26676
26677
26678
26679
26680
26681
26682
26683
26684
26685
26686
26687
26688
26689
26690
26691
26692
26693
26694
26695
26696
26697
26698
26699
26700
26701
26702
26703
26704
26705
26706
26707
26708
26709
26710
26711
26712
26713
26714
26715
26716
26717
26718
26719
26720
26721
26722
26723
26724
26725
26726
26727
26728
26729
26730
26731
26732
26733
26734
26735
26736
26737
26738
26739
26740
26741
26742
26743
26744
26745
26746
26747
26748
26749
26750
26751
26752
26753
26754
26755
26756
26757
26758
26759
26760
26761
26762
26763
26764
26765
26766
26767
26768
26769
26770
26771
26772
26773
26774
26775
26776
26777
26778
26779
26780
26781
26782
26783
26784
26785
26786
26787
26788
26789
26790
26791
26792
26793
26794
26795
26796
26797
26798
26799
26800
26801
26802
26803
26804
26805
26806
26807
26808
26809
26810
26811
26812
26813
26814
26815
26816
26817
26818
26819
26820
26821
26822
26823
26824
26825
26826
26827
26828
26829
26830
26831
26832
26833
26834
26835
26836
26837
26838
26839
26840
26841
26842
26843
26844
26845
26846
26847
26848
26849
26850
26851
26852
26853
26854
26855
26856
26857
26858
26859
26860
26861
26862
26863
26864
26865
26866
26867
26868
26869
26870
26871
26872
26873
26874
26875
26876
26877
26878
26879
26880
26881
26882
26883
26884
26885
26886
26887
26888
26889
26890
26891
26892
26893
26894
26895
26896
26897
26898
26899
26900
26901
26902
26903
26904
26905
26906
26907
26908
26909
26910
26911
26912
26913
26914
26915
26916
26917
26918
26919
26920
26921
26922
26923
26924
26925
26926
26927
26928
26929
26930
26931
26932
26933
26934
26935
26936
26937
26938
26939
26940
26941
26942
26943
26944
26945
26946
26947
26948
26949
26950
26951
26952
26953
26954
26955
26956
26957
26958
26959
26960
26961
26962
26963
26964
26965
26966
26967
26968
26969
26970
26971
26972
26973
26974
26975
26976
26977
26978
26979
26980
26981
26982
26983
26984
26985
26986
26987
26988
26989
26990
26991
26992
26993
26994
26995
26996
26997
26998
26999
27000
27001
27002
27003
27004
27005
27006
27007
27008
27009
27010
27011
27012
27013
27014
27015
27016
27017
27018
27019
27020
27021
27022
27023
27024
27025
27026
27027
27028
27029
27030
27031
27032
27033
27034
27035
27036
27037
27038
27039
27040
27041
27042
27043
27044
27045
27046
27047
27048
27049
27050
27051
27052
27053
27054
27055
27056
27057
27058
27059
27060
27061
27062
27063
27064
27065
27066
27067
27068
27069
27070
27071
27072
27073
27074
27075
27076
27077
27078
27079
27080
27081
27082
27083
27084
27085
27086
27087
27088
27089
27090
27091
27092
27093
27094
27095
27096
27097
27098
27099
27100
27101
27102
27103
27104
27105
27106
27107
27108
27109
27110
27111
27112
27113
27114
27115
27116
27117
27118
27119
27120
27121
27122
27123
27124
27125
27126
27127
27128
27129
27130
27131
27132
27133
27134
27135
27136
27137
27138
27139
27140
27141
27142
27143
27144
27145
27146
27147
27148
27149
27150
27151
27152
27153
27154
27155
27156
27157
27158
27159
27160
27161
27162
27163
27164
27165
27166
27167
27168
27169
27170
27171
27172
27173
27174
27175
27176
27177
27178
27179
27180
27181
27182
27183
27184
27185
27186
27187
27188
27189
27190
27191
27192
27193
27194
27195
27196
27197
27198
27199
27200
27201
27202
27203
27204
27205
27206
27207
27208
27209
27210
27211
27212
27213
27214
27215
27216
27217
27218
27219
27220
27221
27222
27223
27224
27225
27226
27227
27228
27229
27230
27231
27232
27233
27234
27235
27236
27237
27238
27239
27240
27241
27242
27243
27244
27245
27246
27247
27248
27249
27250
27251
27252
27253
27254
27255
27256
27257
27258
27259
27260
27261
27262
27263
27264
27265
27266
27267
27268
27269
27270
27271
27272
27273
27274
27275
27276
27277
27278
27279
27280
27281
27282
27283
27284
27285
27286
27287
27288
27289
27290
27291
27292
27293
27294
27295
27296
27297
27298
27299
27300
27301
27302
27303
27304
27305
27306
27307
27308
27309
27310
27311
27312
27313
27314
27315
27316
27317
27318
27319
27320
27321
27322
27323
27324
27325
27326
27327
27328
27329
27330
27331
27332
27333
27334
27335
27336
27337
27338
27339
27340
27341
27342
27343
27344
27345
27346
27347
27348
27349
27350
27351
27352
27353
27354
27355
27356
27357
27358
27359
27360
27361
27362
27363
27364
27365
27366
27367
27368
27369
27370
27371
27372
27373
27374
27375
27376
27377
27378
27379
27380
27381
27382
27383
27384
27385
27386
27387
27388
27389
27390
27391
27392
27393
27394
27395
27396
27397
27398
27399
27400
27401
27402
27403
27404
27405
27406
27407
27408
27409
27410
27411
27412
27413
27414
27415
27416
27417
27418
27419
27420
27421
27422
27423
27424
27425
27426
27427
27428
27429
27430
27431
27432
27433
27434
27435
27436
27437
27438
27439
27440
27441
27442
27443
27444
27445
27446
27447
27448
27449
27450
27451
27452
27453
27454
27455
27456
27457
27458
27459
27460
27461
27462
27463
27464
27465
27466
27467
27468
27469
27470
27471
27472
27473
27474
27475
27476
27477
27478
27479
27480
27481
27482
27483
27484
27485
27486
27487
27488
27489
27490
27491
27492
27493
27494
27495
27496
27497
27498
27499
27500
27501
27502
27503
27504
27505
27506
27507
27508
27509
27510
27511
27512
27513
27514
27515
27516
27517
27518
27519
27520
27521
27522
27523
27524
27525
27526
27527
27528
27529
27530
27531
27532
27533
27534
27535
27536
27537
27538
27539
27540
27541
27542
27543
27544
27545
27546
27547
27548
27549
27550
27551
27552
27553
27554
27555
27556
27557
27558
27559
27560
27561
27562
27563
27564
27565
27566
27567
27568
27569
27570
27571
27572
27573
27574
27575
27576
27577
27578
27579
27580
27581
27582
27583
27584
27585
27586
27587
27588
27589
27590
27591
27592
27593
27594
27595
27596
27597
27598
27599
27600
27601
27602
27603
27604
27605
27606
27607
27608
27609
27610
27611
27612
27613
27614
27615
27616
27617
27618
27619
27620
27621
27622
27623
27624
27625
27626
27627
27628
27629
27630
27631
27632
27633
27634
27635
27636
27637
27638
27639
27640
27641
27642
27643
27644
27645
27646
27647
27648
27649
27650
27651
27652
27653
27654
27655
27656
27657
27658
27659
27660
27661
27662
27663
27664
27665
27666
27667
27668
27669
27670
27671
27672
27673
27674
27675
27676
27677
27678
27679
27680
27681
27682
27683
27684
27685
27686
27687
27688
27689
27690
27691
27692
27693
27694
27695
27696
27697
27698
27699
27700
27701
27702
27703
27704
27705
27706
27707
27708
27709
27710
27711
27712
27713
27714
27715
27716
27717
27718
27719
27720
27721
27722
27723
27724
27725
27726
27727
27728
27729
27730
27731
27732
27733
27734
27735
27736
27737
27738
27739
27740
27741
27742
27743
27744
27745
27746
27747
27748
27749
27750
27751
27752
27753
27754
27755
27756
27757
27758
27759
27760
27761
27762
27763
27764
27765
27766
27767
27768
27769
27770
27771
27772
27773
27774
27775
27776
27777
27778
27779
27780
27781
27782
27783
27784
27785
27786
27787
27788
27789
27790
27791
27792
27793
27794
27795
27796
27797
27798
27799
27800
27801
27802
27803
27804
27805
27806
27807
27808
27809
27810
27811
27812
27813
27814
27815
27816
27817
27818
27819
27820
27821
27822
27823
27824
27825
27826
27827
27828
27829
27830
27831
27832
27833
27834
27835
27836
27837
27838
27839
27840
27841
27842
27843
27844
27845
27846
27847
27848
27849
27850
27851
27852
27853
27854
27855
27856
27857
27858
27859
27860
27861
27862
27863
27864
27865
27866
27867
27868
27869
27870
27871
27872
27873
27874
27875
27876
27877
27878
27879
27880
27881
27882
27883
27884
27885
27886
27887
27888
27889
27890
27891
27892
27893
27894
27895
27896
27897
27898
27899
27900
27901
27902
27903
27904
27905
27906
27907
27908
27909
27910
27911
27912
27913
27914
27915
27916
27917
27918
27919
27920
27921
27922
27923
27924
27925
27926
27927
27928
27929
27930
27931
27932
27933
27934
27935
27936
27937
27938
27939
27940
27941
27942
27943
27944
27945
27946
27947
27948
27949
27950
27951
27952
27953
27954
27955
27956
27957
27958
27959
27960
27961
27962
27963
27964
27965
27966
27967
27968
27969
27970
27971
27972
27973
27974
27975
27976
27977
27978
27979
27980
27981
27982
27983
27984
27985
27986
27987
27988
27989
27990
27991
27992
27993
27994
27995
27996
27997
27998
27999
28000
28001
28002
28003
28004
28005
28006
28007
28008
28009
28010
28011
28012
28013
28014
28015
28016
28017
28018
28019
28020
28021
28022
28023
28024
28025
28026
28027
28028
28029
28030
28031
28032
28033
28034
28035
28036
28037
28038
28039
28040
28041
28042
28043
28044
28045
28046
28047
28048
28049
28050
28051
28052
28053
28054
28055
28056
28057
28058
28059
28060
28061
28062
28063
28064
28065
28066
28067
28068
28069
28070
28071
28072
28073
28074
28075
28076
28077
28078
28079
28080
28081
28082
28083
28084
28085
28086
28087
28088
28089
28090
28091
28092
28093
28094
28095
28096
28097
28098
28099
28100
28101
28102
28103
28104
28105
28106
28107
28108
28109
28110
28111
28112
28113
28114
28115
28116
28117
28118
28119
28120
28121
28122
28123
28124
28125
28126
28127
28128
28129
28130
28131
28132
28133
28134
28135
28136
28137
28138
28139
28140
28141
28142
28143
28144
28145
28146
28147
28148
28149
28150
28151
28152
28153
28154
28155
28156
28157
28158
28159
28160
28161
28162
28163
28164
28165
28166
28167
28168
28169
28170
28171
28172
28173
28174
28175
28176
28177
28178
28179
28180
28181
28182
28183
28184
28185
28186
28187
28188
28189
28190
28191
28192
28193
28194
28195
28196
28197
28198
28199
28200
28201
28202
28203
28204
28205
28206
28207
28208
28209
28210
28211
28212
28213
28214
28215
28216
28217
28218
28219
28220
28221
28222
28223
28224
28225
28226
28227
28228
28229
28230
28231
28232
28233
28234
28235
28236
28237
28238
28239
28240
28241
28242
28243
28244
28245
28246
28247
28248
28249
28250
28251
28252
28253
28254
28255
28256
28257
28258
28259
28260
28261
28262
28263
28264
28265
28266
28267
28268
28269
28270
28271
28272
28273
28274
28275
28276
28277
28278
28279
28280
28281
28282
28283
28284
28285
28286
28287
28288
28289
28290
28291
28292
28293
28294
28295
28296
28297
28298
28299
28300
28301
28302
28303
28304
28305
28306
28307
28308
28309
28310
28311
28312
28313
28314
28315
28316
28317
28318
28319
28320
28321
28322
28323
28324
28325
28326
28327
28328
28329
28330
28331
28332
28333
28334
28335
28336
28337
28338
28339
28340
28341
28342
28343
28344
28345
28346
28347
28348
28349
28350
28351
28352
28353
28354
28355
28356
28357
28358
28359
28360
28361
28362
28363
28364
28365
28366
28367
28368
28369
28370
28371
28372
28373
28374
28375
28376
28377
28378
28379
28380
28381
28382
28383
28384
28385
28386
28387
28388
28389
28390
28391
28392
28393
28394
28395
28396
28397
28398
28399
28400
28401
28402
28403
28404
28405
28406
28407
28408
28409
28410
28411
28412
28413
28414
28415
28416
28417
28418
28419
28420
28421
28422
28423
28424
28425
28426
28427
28428
28429
28430
28431
28432
28433
28434
28435
28436
28437
28438
28439
28440
28441
28442
28443
28444
28445
28446
28447
28448
28449
28450
28451
28452
28453
28454
28455
28456
28457
28458
28459
28460
28461
28462
28463
28464
28465
28466
28467
28468
28469
28470
28471
28472
28473
28474
28475
28476
28477
28478
28479
28480
28481
28482
28483
28484
28485
28486
28487
28488
28489
28490
28491
28492
28493
28494
28495
28496
28497
28498
28499
28500
28501
28502
28503
28504
28505
28506
28507
28508
28509
28510
28511
28512
28513
28514
28515
28516
28517
28518
28519
28520
28521
28522
28523
28524
28525
28526
28527
28528
28529
28530
28531
28532
28533
28534
28535
28536
28537
28538
28539
28540
28541
28542
28543
28544
28545
28546
28547
28548
28549
28550
28551
28552
28553
28554
28555
28556
28557
28558
28559
28560
28561
28562
28563
28564
28565
28566
28567
28568
28569
28570
28571
28572
28573
28574
28575
28576
28577
28578
28579
28580
28581
28582
28583
28584
28585
28586
28587
28588
28589
28590
28591
28592
28593
28594
28595
28596
28597
28598
28599
28600
28601
28602
28603
28604
28605
28606
28607
28608
28609
28610
28611
28612
28613
28614
28615
28616
28617
28618
28619
28620
28621
28622
28623
28624
28625
28626
28627
28628
28629
28630
28631
28632
28633
28634
28635
28636
28637
28638
28639
28640
28641
28642
28643
28644
28645
28646
28647
28648
28649
28650
28651
28652
28653
28654
28655
28656
28657
28658
28659
28660
28661
28662
28663
28664
28665
28666
28667
28668
28669
28670
28671
28672
28673
28674
28675
28676
28677
28678
28679
28680
28681
28682
28683
28684
28685
28686
28687
28688
28689
28690
28691
28692
28693
28694
28695
28696
28697
28698
28699
28700
28701
28702
28703
28704
28705
28706
28707
28708
28709
28710
28711
28712
28713
28714
28715
28716
28717
28718
28719
28720
28721
28722
28723
28724
28725
28726
28727
28728
28729
28730
28731
28732
28733
28734
28735
28736
28737
28738
28739
28740
28741
28742
28743
28744
28745
28746
28747
28748
28749
28750
28751
28752
28753
28754
28755
28756
28757
28758
28759
28760
28761
28762
28763
28764
28765
28766
28767
28768
28769
28770
28771
28772
28773
28774
28775
28776
28777
28778
28779
28780
28781
28782
28783
28784
28785
28786
28787
28788
28789
28790
28791
28792
28793
28794
28795
28796
28797
28798
28799
28800
28801
28802
28803
28804
28805
28806
28807
28808
28809
28810
28811
28812
28813
28814
28815
28816
28817
28818
28819
28820
28821
28822
28823
28824
28825
28826
28827
28828
28829
28830
28831
28832
28833
28834
28835
28836
28837
28838
28839
28840
28841
28842
28843
28844
28845
28846
28847
28848
28849
28850
28851
28852
28853
28854
28855
28856
28857
28858
28859
28860
28861
28862
28863
28864
28865
28866
28867
28868
28869
28870
28871
28872
28873
28874
28875
28876
28877
28878
28879
28880
28881
28882
28883
28884
28885
28886
28887
28888
28889
28890
28891
28892
28893
28894
28895
28896
28897
28898
28899
28900
28901
28902
28903
28904
28905
28906
28907
28908
28909
28910
28911
28912
28913
28914
28915
28916
28917
28918
28919
28920
28921
28922
28923
28924
28925
28926
28927
28928
28929
28930
28931
28932
28933
28934
28935
28936
28937
28938
28939
28940
28941
28942
28943
28944
28945
28946
28947
28948
28949
28950
28951
28952
28953
28954
28955
28956
28957
28958
28959
28960
28961
28962
28963
28964
28965
28966
28967
28968
28969
28970
28971
28972
28973
28974
28975
28976
28977
28978
28979
28980
28981
28982
28983
28984
28985
28986
28987
28988
28989
28990
28991
28992
28993
28994
28995
28996
28997
28998
28999
29000
29001
29002
29003
29004
29005
29006
29007
29008
29009
29010
29011
29012
29013
29014
29015
29016
29017
29018
29019
29020
29021
29022
29023
29024
29025
29026
29027
29028
29029
29030
29031
29032
29033
29034
29035
29036
29037
29038
29039
29040
29041
29042
29043
29044
29045
29046
29047
29048
29049
29050
29051
29052
29053
29054
29055
29056
29057
29058
29059
29060
29061
29062
29063
29064
29065
29066
29067
29068
29069
29070
29071
29072
29073
29074
29075
29076
29077
29078
29079
29080
29081
29082
29083
29084
29085
29086
29087
29088
29089
29090
29091
29092
29093
29094
29095
29096
29097
29098
29099
29100
29101
29102
29103
29104
29105
29106
29107
29108
29109
29110
29111
29112
29113
29114
29115
29116
29117
29118
29119
29120
29121
29122
29123
29124
29125
29126
29127
29128
29129
29130
29131
29132
29133
29134
29135
29136
29137
29138
29139
29140
29141
29142
29143
29144
29145
29146
29147
29148
29149
29150
29151
29152
29153
29154
29155
29156
29157
29158
29159
29160
29161
29162
29163
29164
29165
29166
29167
29168
29169
29170
29171
29172
29173
29174
29175
29176
29177
29178
29179
29180
29181
29182
29183
29184
29185
29186
29187
29188
29189
29190
29191
29192
29193
29194
29195
29196
29197
29198
29199
29200
29201
29202
29203
29204
29205
29206
29207
29208
29209
29210
29211
29212
29213
29214
29215
29216
29217
29218
29219
29220
29221
29222
29223
29224
29225
29226
29227
29228
29229
29230
29231
29232
29233
29234
29235
29236
29237
29238
29239
29240
29241
29242
29243
29244
29245
29246
29247
29248
29249
29250
29251
29252
29253
29254
29255
29256
29257
29258
29259
29260
29261
29262
29263
29264
29265
29266
29267
29268
29269
29270
29271
29272
29273
29274
29275
29276
29277
29278
29279
29280
29281
29282
29283
29284
29285
29286
29287
29288
29289
29290
29291
29292
29293
29294
29295
29296
29297
29298
29299
29300
29301
29302
29303
29304
29305
29306
29307
29308
29309
29310
29311
29312
29313
29314
29315
29316
29317
29318
29319
29320
29321
29322
29323
29324
29325
29326
29327
29328
29329
29330
29331
29332
29333
29334
29335
29336
29337
29338
29339
29340
29341
29342
29343
29344
29345
29346
29347
29348
29349
29350
29351
29352
29353
29354
29355
29356
29357
29358
29359
29360
29361
29362
29363
29364
29365
29366
29367
29368
29369
29370
29371
29372
29373
29374
29375
29376
29377
29378
29379
29380
29381
29382
29383
29384
29385
29386
29387
29388
29389
29390
29391
29392
29393
29394
29395
29396
29397
29398
29399
29400
29401
29402
29403
29404
29405
29406
29407
29408
29409
29410
29411
29412
29413
29414
29415
29416
29417
29418
29419
29420
29421
29422
29423
29424
29425
29426
29427
29428
29429
29430
29431
29432
29433
29434
29435
29436
29437
29438
29439
29440
29441
29442
29443
29444
29445
29446
29447
29448
29449
29450
29451
29452
29453
29454
29455
29456
29457
29458
29459
29460
29461
29462
29463
29464
29465
29466
29467
29468
29469
29470
29471
29472
29473
29474
29475
29476
29477
29478
29479
29480
29481
29482
29483
29484
29485
29486
29487
29488
29489
29490
29491
29492
29493
29494
29495
29496
29497
29498
29499
29500
29501
29502
29503
29504
29505
29506
29507
29508
29509
29510
29511
29512
29513
29514
29515
29516
29517
29518
29519
29520
29521
29522
29523
29524
29525
29526
29527
29528
29529
29530
29531
29532
29533
29534
29535
29536
29537
29538
29539
29540
29541
29542
29543
29544
29545
29546
29547
29548
29549
29550
29551
29552
29553
29554
29555
29556
29557
29558
29559
29560
29561
29562
29563
29564
29565
29566
29567
29568
29569
29570
29571
29572
29573
29574
29575
29576
29577
29578
29579
29580
29581
29582
29583
29584
29585
29586
29587
29588
29589
29590
29591
29592
29593
29594
29595
29596
29597
29598
29599
29600
29601
29602
29603
29604
29605
29606
29607
29608
29609
29610
29611
29612
29613
29614
29615
29616
29617
29618
29619
29620
29621
29622
29623
29624
29625
29626
29627
29628
29629
29630
29631
29632
29633
29634
29635
29636
29637
29638
29639
29640
29641
29642
29643
29644
29645
29646
29647
29648
29649
29650
29651
29652
29653
29654
29655
29656
29657
29658
29659
29660
29661
29662
29663
29664
29665
29666
29667
29668
29669
29670
29671
29672
29673
29674
29675
29676
29677
29678
29679
29680
29681
29682
29683
29684
29685
29686
29687
29688
29689
29690
29691
29692
29693
29694
29695
29696
29697
29698
29699
29700
29701
29702
29703
29704
29705
29706
29707
29708
29709
29710
29711
29712
29713
29714
29715
29716
29717
29718
29719
29720
29721
29722
29723
29724
29725
29726
29727
29728
29729
29730
29731
29732
29733
29734
29735
29736
29737
29738
29739
29740
29741
29742
29743
29744
29745
29746
29747
29748
29749
29750
29751
29752
29753
29754
29755
29756
29757
29758
29759
29760
29761
29762
29763
29764
29765
29766
29767
29768
29769
29770
29771
29772
29773
29774
29775
29776
29777
29778
29779
29780
29781
29782
29783
29784
29785
29786
29787
29788
29789
29790
29791
29792
29793
29794
29795
29796
29797
29798
29799
29800
29801
29802
29803
29804
29805
29806
29807
29808
29809
29810
29811
29812
29813
29814
29815
29816
29817
29818
29819
29820
29821
29822
29823
29824
29825
29826
29827
29828
29829
29830
29831
29832
29833
29834
29835
29836
29837
29838
29839
29840
29841
29842
29843
29844
29845
29846
29847
29848
29849
29850
29851
29852
29853
29854
29855
29856
29857
29858
29859
29860
29861
29862
29863
29864
29865
29866
29867
29868
29869
29870
29871
29872
29873
29874
29875
29876
29877
29878
29879
29880
29881
29882
29883
29884
29885
29886
29887
29888
29889
29890
29891
29892
29893
29894
29895
29896
29897
29898
29899
29900
29901
29902
29903
29904
29905
29906
29907
29908
29909
29910
29911
29912
29913
29914
29915
29916
29917
29918
29919
29920
29921
29922
29923
29924
29925
29926
29927
29928
29929
29930
29931
29932
29933
29934
29935
29936
29937
29938
29939
29940
29941
29942
29943
29944
29945
29946
29947
29948
29949
29950
29951
29952
29953
29954
29955
29956
29957
29958
29959
29960
29961
29962
29963
29964
29965
29966
29967
29968
29969
29970
29971
29972
29973
29974
29975
29976
29977
29978
29979
29980
29981
29982
29983
29984
29985
29986
29987
29988
29989
29990
29991
29992
29993
29994
29995
29996
29997
29998
29999
30000
30001
30002
30003
30004
30005
30006
30007
30008
30009
30010
30011
30012
30013
30014
30015
30016
30017
30018
30019
30020
30021
30022
30023
30024
30025
30026
30027
30028
30029
30030
30031
30032
30033
30034
30035
30036
30037
30038
30039
30040
30041
30042
30043
30044
30045
30046
30047
30048
30049
30050
30051
30052
30053
30054
30055
30056
30057
30058
30059
30060
30061
30062
30063
30064
30065
30066
30067
30068
30069
30070
30071
30072
30073
30074
30075
30076
30077
30078
30079
30080
30081
30082
30083
30084
30085
30086
30087
30088
30089
30090
30091
30092
30093
30094
30095
30096
30097
30098
30099
30100
30101
30102
30103
30104
30105
30106
30107
30108
30109
30110
30111
30112
30113
30114
30115
30116
30117
30118
30119
30120
30121
30122
30123
30124
30125
30126
30127
30128
30129
30130
30131
30132
30133
30134
30135
30136
30137
30138
30139
30140
30141
30142
30143
30144
30145
30146
30147
30148
30149
30150
30151
30152
30153
30154
30155
30156
30157
30158
30159
30160
30161
30162
30163
30164
30165
30166
30167
30168
30169
30170
30171
30172
30173
30174
30175
30176
30177
30178
30179
30180
30181
30182
30183
30184
30185
30186
30187
30188
30189
30190
30191
30192
30193
30194
30195
30196
30197
30198
30199
30200
30201
30202
30203
30204
30205
30206
30207
30208
30209
30210
30211
30212
30213
30214
30215
30216
30217
30218
30219
30220
30221
30222
30223
30224
30225
30226
30227
30228
30229
30230
30231
30232
30233
30234
30235
30236
30237
30238
30239
30240
30241
30242
30243
30244
30245
30246
30247
30248
30249
30250
30251
30252
30253
30254
30255
30256
30257
30258
30259
30260
30261
30262
30263
30264
30265
30266
30267
30268
30269
30270
30271
30272
30273
30274
30275
30276
30277
30278
30279
30280
30281
30282
30283
30284
30285
30286
30287
30288
30289
30290
30291
30292
30293
30294
30295
30296
30297
30298
30299
30300
30301
30302
30303
30304
30305
30306
30307
30308
30309
30310
30311
30312
30313
30314
30315
30316
30317
30318
30319
30320
30321
30322
30323
30324
30325
30326
30327
30328
30329
30330
30331
30332
30333
30334
30335
30336
30337
30338
30339
30340
30341
30342
30343
30344
30345
30346
30347
30348
30349
30350
30351
30352
30353
30354
30355
30356
30357
30358
30359
30360
30361
30362
30363
30364
30365
30366
30367
30368
30369
30370
30371
30372
30373
30374
30375
30376
30377
30378
30379
30380
30381
30382
30383
30384
30385
30386
30387
30388
30389
30390
30391
30392
30393
30394
30395
30396
30397
30398
30399
30400
30401
30402
30403
30404
30405
30406
30407
30408
30409
30410
30411
30412
30413
30414
30415
30416
30417
30418
30419
30420
30421
30422
30423
30424
30425
30426
30427
30428
30429
30430
30431
30432
30433
30434
30435
30436
30437
30438
30439
30440
30441
30442
30443
30444
30445
30446
30447
30448
30449
30450
30451
30452
30453
30454
30455
30456
30457
30458
30459
30460
30461
30462
30463
30464
30465
30466
30467
30468
30469
30470
30471
30472
30473
30474
30475
30476
30477
30478
30479
30480
30481
30482
30483
30484
30485
30486
30487
30488
30489
30490
30491
30492
30493
30494
30495
30496
30497
30498
30499
30500
30501
30502
30503
30504
30505
30506
30507
30508
30509
30510
30511
30512
30513
30514
30515
30516
30517
30518
30519
30520
30521
30522
30523
30524
30525
30526
30527
30528
30529
30530
30531
30532
30533
30534
30535
30536
30537
30538
30539
30540
30541
30542
30543
30544
30545
30546
30547
30548
30549
30550
30551
30552
30553
30554
30555
30556
30557
30558
30559
30560
30561
30562
30563
30564
30565
30566
30567
30568
30569
30570
30571
30572
30573
30574
30575
30576
30577
30578
30579
30580
30581
30582
30583
30584
30585
30586
30587
30588
30589
30590
30591
30592
30593
30594
30595
30596
30597
30598
30599
30600
30601
30602
30603
30604
30605
30606
30607
30608
30609
30610
30611
30612
30613
30614
30615
30616
30617
30618
30619
30620
30621
30622
30623
30624
30625
30626
30627
30628
30629
30630
30631
30632
30633
30634
30635
30636
30637
30638
30639
30640
30641
30642
30643
30644
30645
30646
30647
30648
30649
30650
30651
30652
30653
30654
30655
30656
30657
30658
30659
30660
30661
30662
30663
30664
30665
30666
30667
30668
30669
30670
30671
30672
30673
30674
30675
30676
30677
30678
30679
30680
30681
30682
30683
30684
30685
30686
30687
30688
30689
30690
30691
30692
30693
30694
30695
30696
30697
30698
30699
30700
30701
30702
30703
30704
30705
30706
30707
30708
30709
30710
30711
30712
30713
30714
30715
30716
30717
30718
30719
30720
30721
30722
30723
30724
30725
30726
30727
30728
30729
30730
30731
30732
30733
30734
30735
30736
30737
30738
30739
30740
30741
30742
30743
30744
30745
30746
30747
30748
30749
30750
30751
30752
30753
30754
30755
30756
30757
30758
30759
30760
30761
30762
30763
30764
30765
30766
30767
30768
30769
30770
30771
30772
30773
30774
30775
30776
30777
30778
30779
30780
30781
30782
30783
30784
30785
30786
30787
30788
30789
30790
30791
30792
30793
30794
30795
30796
30797
30798
30799
30800
30801
30802
30803
30804
30805
30806
30807
30808
30809
30810
30811
30812
30813
30814
30815
30816
30817
30818
30819
30820
30821
30822
30823
30824
30825
30826
30827
30828
30829
30830
30831
30832
30833
30834
30835
30836
30837
30838
30839
30840
30841
30842
30843
30844
30845
30846
30847
30848
30849
30850
30851
30852
30853
30854
30855
30856
30857
30858
30859
30860
30861
30862
30863
30864
30865
30866
30867
30868
30869
30870
30871
30872
30873
30874
30875
30876
30877
30878
30879
30880
30881
30882
30883
30884
30885
30886
30887
30888
30889
30890
30891
30892
30893
30894
30895
30896
30897
30898
30899
30900
30901
30902
30903
30904
30905
30906
30907
30908
30909
30910
30911
30912
30913
30914
30915
30916
30917
30918
30919
30920
30921
30922
30923
30924
30925
30926
30927
30928
30929
30930
30931
30932
30933
30934
30935
30936
30937
30938
30939
30940
30941
30942
30943
30944
30945
30946
30947
30948
30949
30950
30951
30952
30953
30954
30955
30956
30957
30958
30959
30960
30961
30962
30963
30964
30965
30966
30967
30968
30969
30970
30971
30972
30973
30974
30975
30976
30977
30978
30979
30980
30981
30982
30983
30984
30985
30986
30987
30988
30989
30990
30991
30992
30993
30994
30995
30996
30997
30998
30999
31000
31001
31002
31003
31004
31005
31006
31007
31008
31009
31010
31011
31012
31013
31014
31015
31016
31017
31018
31019
31020
31021
31022
31023
31024
31025
31026
31027
31028
31029
31030
31031
31032
31033
31034
31035
31036
31037
31038
31039
31040
31041
31042
31043
31044
31045
31046
31047
31048
31049
31050
31051
31052
31053
31054
31055
31056
31057
31058
31059
31060
31061
31062
31063
31064
31065
31066
31067
31068
31069
31070
31071
31072
31073
31074
31075
31076
31077
31078
31079
31080
31081
31082
31083
31084
31085
31086
31087
31088
31089
31090
31091
31092
31093
31094
31095
31096
31097
31098
31099
31100
31101
31102
31103
31104
31105
31106
31107
31108
31109
31110
31111
31112
31113
31114
31115
31116
31117
31118
31119
31120
31121
31122
31123
31124
31125
31126
31127
31128
31129
31130
31131
31132
31133
31134
31135
31136
31137
31138
31139
31140
31141
31142
31143
31144
31145
31146
31147
31148
31149
31150
31151
31152
31153
31154
31155
31156
31157
31158
31159
31160
31161
31162
31163
31164
31165
31166
31167
31168
31169
31170
31171
31172
31173
31174
31175
31176
31177
31178
31179
31180
31181
31182
31183
31184
31185
31186
31187
31188
31189
31190
31191
31192
31193
31194
31195
31196
31197
31198
31199
31200
31201
31202
31203
31204
31205
31206
31207
31208
31209
31210
31211
31212
31213
31214
31215
31216
31217
31218
31219
31220
31221
31222
31223
31224
31225
31226
31227
31228
31229
31230
31231
31232
31233
31234
31235
31236
31237
31238
31239
31240
31241
31242
31243
31244
31245
31246
31247
31248
31249
31250
31251
31252
31253
31254
31255
31256
31257
31258
31259
31260
31261
31262
31263
31264
31265
31266
31267
31268
31269
31270
31271
31272
31273
31274
31275
31276
31277
31278
31279
31280
31281
31282
31283
31284
31285
31286
31287
31288
31289
31290
31291
31292
31293
31294
31295
31296
31297
31298
31299
31300
31301
31302
31303
31304
31305
31306
31307
31308
31309
31310
31311
31312
31313
31314
31315
31316
31317
31318
31319
31320
31321
31322
31323
31324
31325
31326
31327
31328
31329
31330
31331
31332
31333
31334
31335
31336
31337
31338
31339
31340
31341
31342
31343
31344
31345
31346
31347
31348
31349
31350
31351
31352
31353
31354
31355
31356
31357
31358
31359
31360
31361
31362
31363
31364
31365
31366
31367
31368
31369
31370
31371
31372
31373
31374
31375
31376
31377
31378
31379
31380
31381
31382
31383
31384
31385
31386
31387
31388
31389
31390
31391
31392
31393
31394
31395
31396
31397
31398
31399
31400
31401
31402
31403
31404
31405
31406
31407
31408
31409
31410
31411
31412
31413
31414
31415
31416
31417
31418
31419
31420
31421
31422
31423
31424
31425
31426
31427
31428
31429
31430
31431
31432
31433
31434
31435
31436
31437
31438
31439
31440
31441
31442
31443
31444
31445
31446
31447
31448
31449
31450
31451
31452
31453
31454
31455
31456
31457
31458
31459
31460
31461
31462
31463
31464
31465
31466
31467
31468
31469
31470
31471
31472
31473
31474
31475
31476
31477
31478
31479
31480
31481
31482
31483
31484
31485
31486
31487
31488
31489
31490
31491
31492
31493
31494
31495
31496
31497
31498
31499
31500
31501
31502
31503
31504
31505
31506
31507
31508
31509
31510
31511
31512
31513
31514
31515
31516
31517
31518
31519
31520
31521
31522
31523
31524
31525
31526
31527
31528
31529
31530
31531
31532
31533
31534
31535
31536
31537
31538
31539
31540
31541
31542
31543
31544
31545
31546
31547
31548
31549
31550
31551
31552
31553
31554
31555
31556
31557
31558
31559
31560
31561
31562
31563
31564
31565
31566
31567
31568
31569
31570
31571
31572
31573
31574
31575
31576
31577
31578
31579
31580
31581
31582
31583
31584
31585
31586
31587
31588
31589
31590
31591
31592
31593
31594
31595
31596
31597
31598
31599
31600
31601
31602
31603
31604
31605
31606
31607
31608
31609
31610
31611
31612
31613
31614
31615
31616
31617
31618
31619
31620
31621
31622
31623
31624
31625
31626
31627
31628
31629
31630
31631
31632
31633
31634
31635
31636
31637
31638
31639
31640
31641
31642
31643
31644
31645
31646
31647
31648
31649
31650
31651
31652
31653
31654
31655
31656
31657
31658
31659
31660
31661
31662
31663
31664
31665
31666
31667
31668
31669
31670
31671
31672
31673
31674
31675
31676
31677
31678
31679
31680
31681
31682
31683
31684
31685
31686
31687
31688
31689
31690
31691
31692
31693
31694
31695
31696
31697
31698
31699
31700
31701
31702
31703
31704
31705
31706
31707
31708
31709
31710
31711
31712
31713
31714
31715
31716
31717
31718
31719
31720
31721
31722
31723
31724
31725
31726
31727
31728
31729
31730
31731
31732
31733
31734
31735
31736
31737
31738
31739
31740
31741
31742
31743
31744
31745
31746
31747
31748
31749
31750
31751
31752
31753
31754
31755
31756
31757
31758
31759
31760
31761
31762
31763
31764
31765
31766
31767
31768
31769
31770
31771
31772
31773
31774
31775
31776
31777
31778
31779
31780
31781
31782
31783
31784
31785
31786
31787
31788
31789
31790
31791
31792
31793
31794
31795
31796
31797
31798
31799
31800
31801
31802
31803
31804
31805
31806
31807
31808
31809
31810
31811
31812
31813
31814
31815
31816
31817
31818
31819
31820
31821
31822
31823
31824
31825
31826
31827
31828
31829
31830
31831
31832
31833
31834
31835
31836
31837
31838
31839
31840
31841
31842
31843
31844
31845
31846
31847
31848
31849
31850
31851
31852
31853
31854
31855
31856
31857
31858
31859
31860
31861
31862
31863
31864
31865
31866
31867
31868
31869
31870
31871
31872
31873
31874
31875
31876
31877
31878
31879
31880
31881
31882
31883
31884
31885
31886
31887
31888
31889
31890
31891
31892
31893
31894
31895
31896
31897
31898
31899
31900
31901
31902
31903
31904
31905
31906
31907
31908
31909
31910
31911
31912
31913
31914
31915
31916
31917
31918
31919
31920
31921
31922
31923
31924
31925
31926
31927
31928
31929
31930
31931
31932
31933
31934
31935
31936
31937
31938
31939
31940
31941
31942
31943
31944
31945
31946
31947
31948
31949
31950
31951
31952
31953
31954
31955
31956
31957
31958
31959
31960
31961
31962
31963
31964
31965
31966
31967
31968
31969
31970
31971
31972
31973
31974
31975
31976
31977
31978
31979
31980
31981
31982
31983
31984
31985
31986
31987
31988
31989
31990
31991
31992
31993
31994
31995
31996
31997
31998
31999
32000
32001
32002
32003
32004
32005
32006
32007
32008
32009
32010
32011
32012
32013
32014
32015
32016
32017
32018
32019
32020
32021
32022
32023
32024
32025
32026
32027
32028
32029
32030
32031
32032
32033
32034
32035
32036
32037
32038
32039
32040
32041
32042
32043
32044
32045
32046
32047
32048
32049
32050
32051
32052
32053
32054
32055
32056
32057
32058
32059
32060
32061
32062
32063
32064
32065
32066
32067
32068
32069
32070
32071
32072
32073
32074
32075
32076
32077
32078
32079
32080
32081
32082
32083
32084
32085
32086
32087
32088
32089
32090
32091
32092
32093
32094
32095
32096
32097
32098
32099
32100
32101
32102
32103
32104
32105
32106
32107
32108
32109
32110
32111
32112
32113
32114
32115
32116
32117
32118
32119
32120
32121
32122
32123
32124
32125
32126
32127
32128
32129
32130
32131
32132
32133
32134
32135
32136
32137
32138
32139
32140
32141
32142
32143
32144
32145
32146
32147
32148
32149
32150
32151
32152
32153
32154
32155
32156
32157
32158
32159
32160
32161
32162
32163
32164
32165
32166
32167
32168
32169
32170
32171
32172
32173
32174
32175
32176
32177
32178
32179
32180
32181
32182
32183
32184
32185
32186
32187
32188
32189
32190
32191
32192
32193
32194
32195
32196
32197
32198
32199
32200
32201
32202
32203
32204
32205
32206
32207
32208
32209
32210
32211
32212
32213
32214
32215
32216
32217
32218
32219
32220
32221
32222
32223
32224
32225
32226
32227
32228
32229
32230
32231
32232
32233
32234
32235
32236
32237
32238
32239
32240
32241
32242
32243
32244
32245
32246
32247
32248
32249
32250
32251
32252
32253
32254
32255
32256
32257
32258
32259
32260
32261
32262
32263
32264
32265
32266
32267
32268
32269
32270
32271
32272
32273
32274
32275
32276
32277
32278
32279
32280
32281
32282
32283
32284
32285
32286
32287
32288
32289
32290
32291
32292
32293
32294
32295
32296
32297
32298
32299
32300
32301
32302
32303
32304
32305
32306
32307
32308
32309
32310
32311
32312
32313
32314
32315
32316
32317
32318
32319
32320
32321
32322
32323
32324
32325
32326
32327
32328
32329
32330
32331
32332
32333
32334
32335
32336
32337
32338
32339
32340
32341
32342
32343
32344
32345
32346
32347
32348
32349
32350
32351
32352
32353
32354
32355
32356
32357
32358
32359
32360
32361
32362
32363
32364
32365
32366
32367
32368
32369
32370
32371
32372
32373
32374
32375
32376
32377
32378
32379
32380
32381
32382
32383
32384
32385
32386
32387
32388
32389
32390
32391
32392
32393
32394
32395
32396
32397
32398
32399
32400
32401
32402
32403
32404
32405
32406
32407
32408
32409
32410
32411
32412
32413
32414
32415
32416
32417
32418
32419
32420
32421
32422
32423
32424
32425
32426
32427
32428
32429
32430
32431
32432
32433
32434
32435
32436
32437
32438
32439
32440
32441
32442
32443
32444
32445
32446
32447
32448
32449
32450
32451
32452
32453
32454
32455
32456
32457
32458
32459
32460
32461
32462
32463
32464
32465
32466
32467
32468
32469
32470
32471
32472
32473
32474
32475
32476
32477
32478
32479
32480
32481
32482
32483
32484
32485
32486
32487
32488
32489
32490
32491
32492
32493
32494
32495
32496
32497
32498
32499
32500
32501
32502
32503
32504
32505
32506
32507
32508
32509
32510
32511
32512
32513
32514
32515
32516
32517
32518
32519
32520
32521
32522
32523
32524
32525
32526
32527
32528
32529
32530
32531
32532
32533
32534
32535
32536
32537
32538
32539
32540
32541
32542
32543
32544
32545
32546
32547
32548
32549
32550
32551
32552
32553
32554
32555
32556
32557
32558
32559
32560
32561
32562
32563
32564
32565
32566
32567
32568
32569
32570
32571
32572
32573
32574
32575
32576
32577
32578
32579
32580
32581
32582
32583
32584
32585
32586
32587
32588
32589
32590
32591
32592
32593
32594
32595
32596
32597
32598
32599
32600
32601
32602
32603
32604
32605
32606
32607
32608
32609
32610
32611
32612
32613
32614
32615
32616
32617
32618
32619
32620
32621
32622
32623
32624
32625
32626
32627
32628
32629
32630
32631
32632
32633
32634
32635
32636
32637
32638
32639
32640
32641
32642
32643
32644
32645
32646
32647
32648
32649
32650
32651
32652
32653
32654
32655
32656
32657
32658
32659
32660
32661
32662
32663
32664
32665
32666
32667
32668
32669
32670
32671
32672
32673
32674
32675
32676
32677
32678
32679
32680
32681
32682
32683
32684
32685
32686
32687
32688
32689
32690
32691
32692
32693
32694
32695
32696
32697
32698
32699
32700
32701
32702
32703
32704
32705
32706
32707
32708
32709
32710
32711
32712
32713
32714
32715
32716
32717
32718
32719
32720
32721
32722
32723
32724
32725
32726
32727
32728
32729
32730
32731
32732
32733
32734
32735
32736
32737
32738
32739
32740
32741
32742
32743
32744
32745
32746
32747
32748
32749
32750
32751
32752
32753
32754
32755
32756
32757
32758
32759
32760
32761
32762
32763
32764
32765
32766
32767
32768
32769
32770
32771
32772
32773
32774
32775
32776
32777
32778
32779
32780
32781
32782
32783
32784
32785
32786
32787
32788
32789
32790
32791
32792
32793
32794
32795
32796
32797
32798
32799
32800
32801
32802
32803
32804
32805
32806
32807
32808
32809
32810
32811
32812
32813
32814
32815
32816
32817
32818
32819
32820
32821
32822
32823
32824
32825
32826
32827
32828
32829
32830
32831
32832
32833
32834
32835
32836
32837
32838
32839
32840
32841
32842
32843
32844
32845
32846
32847
32848
32849
32850
32851
32852
32853
32854
32855
32856
32857
32858
32859
32860
32861
32862
32863
32864
32865
32866
32867
32868
32869
32870
32871
32872
32873
32874
32875
32876
32877
32878
32879
32880
32881
32882
32883
32884
32885
32886
32887
32888
32889
32890
32891
32892
32893
32894
32895
32896
32897
32898
32899
32900
32901
32902
32903
32904
32905
32906
32907
32908
32909
32910
32911
32912
32913
32914
32915
32916
32917
32918
32919
32920
32921
32922
32923
32924
32925
32926
32927
32928
32929
32930
32931
32932
32933
32934
32935
32936
32937
32938
32939
32940
32941
32942
32943
32944
32945
32946
32947
32948
32949
32950
32951
32952
32953
32954
32955
32956
32957
32958
32959
32960
32961
32962
32963
32964
32965
32966
32967
32968
32969
32970
32971
32972
32973
32974
32975
32976
32977
32978
32979
32980
32981
32982
32983
32984
32985
32986
32987
32988
32989
32990
32991
32992
32993
32994
32995
32996
32997
32998
32999
33000
33001
33002
33003
33004
33005
33006
33007
33008
33009
33010
33011
33012
33013
33014
33015
33016
33017
33018
33019
33020
33021
33022
33023
33024
33025
33026
33027
33028
33029
33030
33031
33032
33033
33034
33035
33036
33037
33038
33039
33040
33041
33042
33043
33044
33045
33046
33047
33048
33049
33050
33051
33052
33053
33054
33055
33056
33057
33058
33059
33060
33061
33062
33063
33064
33065
33066
33067
33068
33069
33070
33071
33072
33073
33074
33075
33076
33077
33078
33079
33080
33081
33082
33083
33084
33085
33086
33087
33088
33089
33090
33091
33092
33093
33094
33095
33096
33097
33098
33099
33100
33101
33102
33103
33104
33105
33106
33107
33108
33109
33110
33111
33112
33113
33114
33115
33116
33117
33118
33119
33120
33121
33122
33123
33124
33125
33126
33127
33128
33129
33130
33131
33132
33133
33134
33135
33136
33137
33138
33139
33140
33141
33142
33143
33144
33145
33146
33147
33148
33149
33150
33151
33152
33153
33154
33155
33156
33157
33158
33159
33160
33161
33162
33163
33164
33165
33166
33167
33168
33169
33170
33171
33172
33173
33174
33175
33176
33177
33178
33179
33180
33181
33182
33183
33184
33185
33186
33187
33188
33189
33190
33191
33192
33193
33194
33195
33196
33197
33198
33199
33200
33201
33202
33203
33204
33205
33206
33207
33208
33209
33210
33211
33212
33213
33214
33215
33216
33217
33218
33219
33220
33221
33222
33223
33224
33225
33226
33227
33228
33229
33230
33231
33232
33233
33234
33235
33236
33237
33238
33239
33240
33241
33242
33243
33244
33245
33246
33247
33248
33249
33250
33251
33252
33253
33254
33255
33256
33257
33258
33259
33260
33261
33262
33263
33264
33265
33266
33267
33268
33269
33270
33271
33272
33273
33274
33275
33276
33277
33278
33279
33280
33281
33282
33283
33284
33285
33286
33287
33288
33289
33290
33291
33292
33293
33294
33295
33296
33297
33298
33299
33300
33301
33302
33303
33304
33305
33306
33307
33308
33309
33310
33311
33312
33313
33314
33315
33316
33317
33318
33319
33320
33321
33322
33323
33324
33325
33326
33327
33328
33329
33330
33331
33332
33333
33334
33335
33336
33337
33338
33339
33340
33341
33342
33343
33344
33345
33346
33347
33348
33349
33350
33351
33352
33353
33354
33355
33356
33357
33358
33359
33360
33361
33362
33363
33364
33365
33366
33367
33368
33369
33370
33371
33372
33373
33374
33375
33376
33377
33378
33379
33380
33381
33382
33383
33384
33385
33386
33387
33388
33389
33390
33391
33392
33393
33394
33395
33396
33397
33398
33399
33400
33401
33402
33403
33404
33405
33406
33407
33408
33409
33410
33411
33412
33413
33414
33415
33416
33417
33418
33419
33420
33421
33422
33423
33424
33425
33426
33427
33428
33429
33430
33431
33432
33433
33434
33435
33436
33437
33438
33439
33440
33441
33442
33443
33444
33445
33446
33447
33448
33449
33450
33451
33452
33453
33454
33455
33456
33457
33458
33459
33460
33461
33462
33463
33464
33465
33466
33467
33468
33469
33470
33471
33472
33473
33474
33475
33476
33477
33478
33479
33480
33481
33482
33483
33484
33485
33486
33487
33488
33489
33490
33491
33492
33493
33494
33495
33496
33497
33498
33499
33500
33501
33502
33503
33504
33505
33506
33507
33508
33509
33510
33511
33512
33513
33514
33515
33516
33517
33518
33519
33520
33521
33522
33523
33524
33525
33526
33527
33528
33529
33530
33531
33532
33533
33534
33535
33536
33537
33538
33539
33540
33541
33542
33543
33544
33545
33546
33547
33548
33549
33550
33551
33552
33553
33554
33555
33556
33557
33558
33559
33560
33561
33562
33563
33564
33565
33566
33567
33568
33569
33570
33571
33572
33573
33574
33575
33576
33577
33578
33579
33580
33581
33582
33583
33584
33585
33586
33587
33588
33589
33590
33591
33592
33593
33594
33595
33596
33597
33598
33599
33600
33601
33602
33603
33604
33605
33606
33607
33608
33609
33610
33611
33612
33613
33614
33615
33616
33617
33618
33619
33620
33621
33622
33623
33624
33625
33626
33627
33628
33629
33630
33631
33632
33633
33634
33635
33636
33637
33638
33639
33640
33641
33642
33643
33644
33645
33646
33647
33648
33649
33650
33651
33652
33653
33654
33655
33656
33657
33658
33659
33660
33661
33662
33663
33664
33665
33666
33667
33668
33669
33670
33671
33672
33673
33674
33675
33676
33677
33678
33679
33680
33681
33682
33683
33684
33685
33686
33687
33688
33689
33690
33691
33692
33693
33694
33695
33696
33697
33698
33699
33700
33701
33702
33703
33704
33705
33706
33707
33708
33709
33710
33711
33712
33713
33714
33715
33716
33717
33718
33719
33720
33721
33722
33723
33724
33725
33726
33727
33728
33729
33730
33731
33732
33733
33734
33735
33736
33737
33738
33739
33740
33741
33742
33743
33744
33745
33746
33747
33748
33749
33750
33751
33752
33753
33754
33755
33756
33757
33758
33759
33760
33761
33762
33763
33764
33765
33766
33767
33768
33769
33770
33771
33772
33773
33774
33775
33776
33777
33778
33779
33780
33781
33782
33783
33784
33785
33786
33787
33788
33789
33790
33791
33792
33793
33794
33795
33796
33797
33798
33799
33800
33801
33802
33803
33804
33805
33806
33807
33808
33809
33810
33811
33812
33813
33814
33815
33816
33817
33818
33819
33820
33821
33822
33823
33824
33825
33826
33827
33828
33829
33830
33831
33832
33833
33834
33835
33836
33837
33838
33839
33840
33841
33842
33843
33844
33845
33846
33847
33848
33849
33850
33851
33852
33853
33854
33855
33856
33857
33858
33859
33860
33861
33862
33863
33864
33865
33866
33867
33868
33869
33870
33871
33872
33873
33874
33875
33876
33877
33878
33879
33880
33881
33882
33883
33884
33885
33886
33887
33888
33889
33890
33891
33892
33893
33894
33895
33896
33897
33898
33899
33900
33901
33902
33903
33904
33905
33906
33907
33908
33909
33910
33911
33912
33913
33914
33915
33916
33917
33918
33919
33920
33921
33922
33923
33924
33925
33926
33927
33928
33929
33930
33931
33932
33933
33934
33935
33936
33937
33938
33939
33940
33941
33942
33943
33944
33945
33946
33947
33948
33949
33950
33951
33952
33953
33954
33955
33956
33957
33958
33959
33960
33961
33962
33963
33964
33965
33966
33967
33968
33969
33970
33971
33972
33973
33974
33975
33976
33977
33978
33979
33980
33981
33982
33983
33984
33985
33986
33987
33988
33989
33990
33991
33992
33993
33994
33995
33996
33997
33998
33999
34000
34001
34002
34003
34004
34005
34006
34007
34008
34009
34010
34011
34012
34013
34014
34015
34016
34017
34018
34019
34020
34021
34022
34023
34024
34025
34026
34027
34028
34029
34030
34031
34032
34033
34034
34035
34036
34037
34038
34039
34040
34041
34042
34043
34044
34045
34046
34047
34048
34049
34050
34051
34052
34053
34054
34055
34056
34057
34058
34059
34060
34061
34062
34063
34064
34065
34066
34067
34068
34069
34070
34071
34072
34073
34074
34075
34076
34077
34078
34079
34080
34081
34082
34083
34084
34085
34086
34087
34088
34089
34090
34091
34092
34093
34094
34095
34096
34097
34098
34099
34100
34101
34102
34103
34104
34105
34106
34107
34108
34109
34110
34111
34112
34113
34114
34115
34116
34117
34118
34119
34120
34121
34122
34123
34124
34125
34126
34127
34128
34129
34130
34131
34132
34133
34134
34135
34136
34137
34138
34139
34140
34141
34142
34143
34144
34145
34146
34147
34148
34149
34150
34151
34152
34153
34154
34155
34156
34157
34158
34159
34160
34161
34162
34163
34164
34165
34166
34167
34168
34169
34170
34171
34172
34173
34174
34175
34176
34177
34178
34179
34180
34181
34182
34183
34184
34185
34186
34187
34188
34189
34190
34191
34192
34193
34194
34195
34196
34197
34198
34199
34200
34201
34202
34203
34204
34205
34206
34207
34208
34209
34210
34211
34212
34213
34214
34215
34216
34217
34218
34219
34220
34221
34222
34223
34224
34225
34226
34227
34228
34229
34230
34231
34232
34233
34234
34235
34236
34237
34238
34239
34240
34241
34242
34243
34244
34245
34246
34247
34248
34249
34250
34251
34252
34253
34254
34255
34256
34257
34258
34259
34260
34261
34262
34263
34264
34265
34266
34267
34268
34269
34270
34271
34272
34273
34274
34275
34276
34277
34278
34279
34280
34281
34282
34283
34284
34285
34286
34287
34288
34289
34290
34291
34292
34293
34294
34295
34296
34297
34298
34299
34300
34301
34302
34303
34304
34305
34306
34307
34308
34309
34310
34311
34312
34313
34314
34315
34316
34317
34318
34319
34320
34321
34322
34323
34324
34325
34326
34327
34328
34329
34330
34331
34332
34333
34334
34335
34336
34337
34338
34339
34340
34341
34342
34343
34344
34345
34346
34347
34348
34349
34350
34351
34352
34353
34354
34355
34356
34357
34358
34359
34360
34361
34362
34363
34364
34365
34366
34367
34368
34369
34370
34371
34372
34373
34374
34375
34376
34377
34378
34379
34380
34381
34382
34383
34384
34385
34386
34387
34388
34389
34390
34391
34392
34393
34394
34395
34396
34397
34398
34399
34400
34401
34402
34403
34404
34405
34406
34407
34408
34409
34410
34411
34412
34413
34414
34415
34416
34417
34418
34419
34420
34421
34422
34423
34424
34425
34426
34427
34428
34429
34430
34431
34432
34433
34434
34435
34436
34437
34438
34439
34440
34441
34442
34443
34444
34445
34446
34447
34448
34449
34450
34451
34452
34453
34454
34455
34456
34457
34458
34459
34460
34461
34462
34463
34464
34465
34466
34467
34468
34469
34470
34471
34472
34473
34474
34475
34476
34477
34478
34479
34480
34481
34482
34483
34484
34485
34486
34487
34488
34489
34490
34491
34492
34493
34494
34495
34496
34497
34498
34499
34500
34501
34502
34503
34504
34505
34506
34507
34508
34509
34510
34511
34512
34513
34514
34515
34516
34517
34518
34519
34520
34521
34522
34523
34524
34525
34526
34527
34528
34529
34530
34531
34532
34533
34534
34535
34536
34537
34538
34539
34540
34541
34542
34543
34544
34545
34546
34547
34548
34549
34550
34551
34552
34553
34554
34555
34556
34557
34558
34559
34560
34561
34562
34563
34564
34565
34566
34567
34568
34569
34570
34571
34572
34573
34574
34575
34576
34577
34578
34579
34580
34581
34582
34583
34584
34585
34586
34587
34588
34589
34590
34591
34592
34593
34594
34595
34596
34597
34598
34599
34600
34601
34602
34603
34604
34605
34606
34607
34608
34609
34610
34611
34612
34613
34614
34615
34616
34617
34618
34619
34620
34621
34622
34623
34624
34625
34626
34627
34628
34629
34630
34631
34632
34633
34634
34635
34636
34637
34638
34639
34640
34641
34642
34643
34644
34645
34646
34647
34648
34649
34650
34651
34652
34653
34654
34655
34656
34657
34658
34659
34660
34661
34662
34663
34664
34665
34666
34667
34668
34669
34670
34671
34672
34673
34674
34675
34676
34677
34678
34679
34680
34681
34682
34683
34684
34685
34686
34687
34688
34689
34690
34691
34692
34693
34694
34695
34696
34697
34698
34699
34700
34701
34702
34703
34704
34705
34706
34707
34708
34709
34710
34711
34712
34713
34714
34715
34716
34717
34718
34719
34720
34721
34722
34723
34724
34725
34726
34727
34728
34729
34730
34731
34732
34733
34734
34735
34736
34737
34738
34739
34740
34741
34742
34743
34744
34745
34746
34747
34748
34749
34750
34751
34752
34753
34754
34755
34756
34757
34758
34759
34760
34761
34762
34763
34764
34765
34766
34767
34768
34769
34770
34771
34772
34773
34774
34775
34776
34777
34778
34779
34780
34781
34782
34783
34784
34785
34786
34787
34788
34789
34790
34791
34792
34793
34794
34795
34796
34797
34798
34799
34800
34801
34802
34803
34804
34805
34806
34807
34808
34809
34810
34811
34812
34813
34814
34815
34816
34817
34818
34819
34820
34821
34822
34823
34824
34825
34826
34827
34828
34829
34830
34831
34832
34833
34834
34835
34836
34837
34838
34839
34840
34841
34842
34843
34844
34845
34846
34847
34848
34849
34850
34851
34852
34853
34854
34855
34856
34857
34858
34859
34860
34861
34862
34863
34864
34865
34866
34867
34868
34869
34870
34871
34872
34873
34874
34875
34876
34877
34878
34879
34880
34881
34882
34883
34884
34885
34886
34887
34888
34889
34890
34891
34892
34893
34894
34895
34896
34897
34898
34899
34900
34901
34902
34903
34904
34905
34906
34907
34908
34909
34910
34911
34912
34913
34914
34915
34916
34917
34918
34919
34920
34921
34922
34923
34924
34925
34926
34927
34928
34929
34930
34931
34932
34933
34934
34935
34936
34937
34938
34939
34940
34941
34942
34943
34944
34945
34946
34947
34948
34949
34950
34951
34952
34953
34954
34955
34956
34957
34958
34959
34960
34961
34962
34963
34964
34965
34966
34967
34968
34969
34970
34971
34972
34973
34974
34975
34976
34977
34978
34979
34980
34981
34982
34983
34984
34985
34986
34987
34988
34989
34990
34991
34992
34993
34994
34995
34996
34997
34998
34999
35000
35001
35002
35003
35004
35005
35006
35007
35008
35009
35010
35011
35012
35013
35014
35015
35016
35017
35018
35019
35020
35021
35022
35023
35024
35025
35026
35027
35028
35029
35030
35031
35032
35033
35034
35035
35036
35037
35038
35039
35040
35041
35042
35043
35044
35045
35046
35047
35048
35049
35050
35051
35052
35053
35054
35055
35056
35057
35058
35059
35060
35061
35062
35063
35064
35065
35066
35067
35068
35069
35070
35071
35072
35073
35074
35075
35076
35077
35078
35079
35080
35081
35082
35083
35084
35085
35086
35087
35088
35089
35090
35091
35092
35093
35094
35095
35096
35097
35098
35099
35100
35101
35102
35103
35104
35105
35106
35107
35108
35109
35110
35111
35112
35113
35114
35115
35116
35117
35118
35119
35120
35121
35122
35123
35124
35125
35126
35127
35128
35129
35130
35131
35132
35133
35134
35135
35136
35137
35138
35139
35140
35141
35142
35143
35144
35145
35146
35147
35148
35149
35150
35151
35152
35153
35154
35155
35156
35157
35158
35159
35160
35161
35162
35163
35164
35165
35166
35167
35168
35169
35170
35171
35172
35173
35174
35175
35176
35177
35178
35179
35180
35181
35182
35183
35184
35185
35186
35187
35188
35189
35190
35191
35192
35193
35194
35195
35196
35197
35198
35199
35200
35201
35202
35203
35204
35205
35206
35207
35208
35209
35210
35211
35212
35213
35214
35215
35216
35217
35218
35219
35220
35221
35222
35223
35224
35225
35226
35227
35228
35229
35230
35231
35232
35233
35234
35235
35236
35237
35238
35239
35240
35241
35242
35243
35244
35245
35246
35247
35248
35249
35250
35251
35252
35253
35254
35255
35256
35257
35258
35259
35260
35261
35262
35263
35264
35265
35266
35267
35268
35269
35270
35271
35272
35273
35274
35275
35276
35277
35278
35279
35280
35281
35282
35283
35284
35285
35286
35287
35288
35289
35290
35291
35292
35293
35294
35295
35296
35297
35298
35299
35300
35301
35302
35303
35304
35305
35306
35307
35308
35309
35310
35311
35312
35313
35314
35315
35316
35317
35318
35319
35320
35321
35322
35323
35324
35325
35326
35327
35328
35329
35330
35331
35332
35333
35334
35335
35336
35337
35338
35339
35340
35341
35342
35343
35344
35345
35346
35347
35348
35349
35350
35351
35352
35353
35354
35355
35356
35357
35358
35359
35360
35361
35362
35363
35364
35365
35366
35367
35368
35369
35370
35371
35372
35373
35374
35375
35376
35377
35378
35379
35380
35381
35382
35383
35384
35385
35386
35387
35388
35389
35390
35391
35392
35393
35394
35395
35396
35397
35398
35399
35400
35401
35402
35403
35404
35405
35406
35407
35408
35409
35410
35411
35412
35413
35414
35415
35416
35417
35418
35419
35420
35421
35422
35423
35424
35425
35426
35427
35428
35429
35430
35431
35432
35433
35434
35435
35436
35437
35438
35439
35440
35441
35442
35443
35444
35445
35446
35447
35448
35449
35450
35451
35452
35453
35454
35455
35456
35457
35458
35459
35460
35461
35462
35463
35464
35465
35466
35467
35468
35469
35470
35471
35472
35473
35474
35475
35476
35477
35478
35479
35480
35481
35482
35483
35484
35485
35486
35487
35488
35489
35490
35491
35492
35493
35494
35495
35496
35497
35498
35499
35500
35501
35502
35503
35504
35505
35506
35507
35508
35509
35510
35511
35512
35513
35514
35515
35516
35517
35518
35519
35520
35521
35522
35523
35524
35525
35526
35527
35528
35529
35530
35531
35532
35533
35534
35535
35536
35537
35538
35539
35540
35541
35542
35543
35544
35545
35546
35547
35548
35549
35550
35551
35552
35553
35554
35555
35556
35557
35558
35559
35560
35561
35562
35563
35564
35565
35566
35567
35568
35569
35570
35571
35572
35573
35574
35575
35576
35577
35578
35579
35580
35581
35582
35583
35584
35585
35586
35587
35588
35589
35590
35591
35592
35593
35594
35595
35596
35597
35598
35599
35600
35601
35602
35603
35604
35605
35606
35607
35608
35609
35610
35611
35612
35613
35614
35615
35616
35617
35618
35619
35620
35621
35622
35623
35624
35625
35626
35627
35628
35629
35630
35631
35632
35633
35634
35635
35636
35637
35638
35639
35640
35641
35642
35643
35644
35645
35646
35647
35648
35649
35650
35651
35652
35653
35654
35655
35656
35657
35658
35659
35660
35661
35662
35663
35664
35665
35666
35667
35668
35669
35670
35671
35672
35673
35674
35675
35676
35677
35678
35679
35680
35681
35682
35683
35684
35685
35686
35687
35688
35689
35690
35691
35692
35693
35694
35695
35696
35697
35698
35699
35700
35701
35702
35703
35704
35705
35706
35707
35708
35709
35710
35711
35712
35713
35714
35715
35716
35717
35718
35719
35720
35721
35722
35723
35724
35725
35726
35727
35728
35729
35730
35731
35732
35733
35734
35735
35736
35737
35738
35739
35740
35741
35742
35743
35744
35745
35746
35747
35748
35749
35750
35751
35752
35753
35754
35755
35756
35757
35758
35759
35760
35761
35762
35763
35764
35765
35766
35767
35768
35769
35770
35771
35772
35773
35774
35775
35776
35777
35778
35779
35780
35781
35782
35783
35784
35785
35786
35787
35788
35789
35790
35791
35792
35793
35794
35795
35796
35797
35798
35799
35800
35801
35802
35803
35804
35805
35806
35807
35808
35809
35810
35811
35812
35813
35814
35815
35816
35817
35818
35819
35820
35821
35822
35823
35824
35825
35826
35827
35828
35829
35830
35831
35832
35833
35834
35835
35836
35837
35838
35839
35840
35841
35842
35843
35844
35845
35846
35847
35848
35849
35850
35851
35852
35853
35854
35855
35856
35857
35858
35859
35860
35861
35862
35863
35864
35865
35866
35867
35868
35869
35870
35871
35872
35873
35874
35875
35876
35877
35878
35879
35880
35881
35882
35883
35884
35885
35886
35887
35888
35889
35890
35891
35892
35893
35894
35895
35896
35897
35898
35899
35900
35901
35902
35903
35904
35905
35906
35907
35908
35909
35910
35911
35912
35913
35914
35915
35916
35917
35918
35919
35920
35921
35922
35923
35924
35925
35926
35927
35928
35929
35930
35931
35932
35933
35934
35935
35936
35937
35938
35939
35940
35941
35942
35943
35944
35945
35946
35947
35948
35949
35950
35951
35952
35953
35954
35955
35956
35957
35958
35959
35960
35961
35962
35963
35964
35965
35966
35967
35968
35969
35970
35971
35972
35973
35974
35975
35976
35977
35978
35979
35980
35981
35982
35983
35984
35985
35986
35987
35988
35989
35990
35991
35992
35993
35994
35995
35996
35997
35998
35999
36000
36001
36002
36003
36004
36005
36006
36007
36008
36009
36010
36011
36012
36013
36014
36015
36016
36017
36018
36019
36020
36021
36022
36023
36024
36025
36026
36027
36028
36029
36030
36031
36032
36033
36034
36035
36036
36037
36038
36039
36040
36041
36042
36043
36044
36045
36046
36047
36048
36049
36050
36051
36052
36053
36054
36055
36056
36057
36058
36059
36060
36061
36062
36063
36064
36065
36066
36067
36068
36069
36070
36071
36072
36073
36074
36075
36076
36077
36078
36079
36080
36081
36082
36083
36084
36085
36086
36087
36088
36089
36090
36091
36092
36093
36094
36095
36096
36097
36098
36099
36100
36101
36102
36103
36104
36105
36106
36107
36108
36109
36110
36111
36112
36113
36114
36115
36116
36117
36118
36119
36120
36121
36122
36123
36124
36125
36126
36127
36128
36129
36130
36131
36132
36133
36134
36135
36136
36137
36138
36139
36140
36141
36142
36143
36144
36145
36146
36147
36148
36149
36150
36151
36152
36153
36154
36155
36156
36157
36158
36159
36160
36161
36162
36163
36164
36165
36166
36167
36168
36169
36170
36171
36172
36173
36174
36175
36176
36177
36178
36179
36180
36181
36182
36183
36184
36185
36186
36187
36188
36189
36190
36191
36192
36193
36194
36195
36196
36197
36198
36199
36200
36201
36202
36203
36204
36205
36206
36207
36208
36209
36210
36211
36212
36213
36214
36215
36216
36217
36218
36219
36220
36221
36222
36223
36224
36225
36226
36227
36228
36229
36230
36231
36232
36233
36234
36235
36236
36237
36238
36239
36240
36241
36242
36243
36244
36245
36246
36247
36248
36249
36250
36251
36252
36253
36254
36255
36256
36257
36258
36259
36260
36261
36262
36263
36264
36265
36266
36267
36268
36269
36270
36271
36272
36273
36274
36275
36276
36277
36278
36279
36280
36281
36282
36283
36284
36285
36286
36287
36288
36289
36290
36291
36292
36293
36294
36295
36296
36297
36298
36299
36300
36301
36302
36303
36304
36305
36306
36307
36308
36309
36310
36311
36312
36313
36314
36315
36316
36317
36318
36319
36320
36321
36322
36323
36324
36325
36326
36327
36328
36329
36330
36331
36332
36333
36334
36335
36336
36337
36338
36339
36340
36341
36342
36343
36344
36345
36346
36347
36348
36349
36350
36351
36352
36353
36354
36355
36356
36357
36358
36359
36360
36361
36362
36363
36364
36365
36366
36367
36368
36369
36370
36371
36372
36373
36374
36375
36376
36377
36378
36379
36380
36381
36382
36383
36384
36385
36386
36387
36388
36389
36390
36391
36392
36393
36394
36395
36396
36397
36398
36399
36400
36401
36402
36403
36404
36405
36406
36407
36408
36409
36410
36411
36412
36413
36414
36415
36416
36417
36418
36419
36420
36421
36422
36423
36424
36425
36426
36427
36428
36429
36430
36431
36432
36433
36434
36435
36436
36437
36438
36439
36440
36441
36442
36443
36444
36445
36446
36447
36448
36449
36450
36451
36452
36453
36454
36455
36456
36457
36458
36459
36460
36461
36462
36463
36464
36465
36466
36467
36468
36469
36470
36471
36472
36473
36474
36475
36476
36477
36478
36479
36480
36481
36482
36483
36484
36485
36486
36487
36488
36489
36490
36491
36492
36493
36494
36495
36496
36497
36498
36499
36500
36501
36502
36503
36504
36505
36506
36507
36508
36509
36510
36511
36512
36513
36514
36515
36516
36517
36518
36519
36520
36521
36522
36523
36524
36525
36526
36527
36528
36529
36530
36531
36532
36533
36534
36535
36536
36537
36538
36539
36540
36541
36542
36543
36544
36545
36546
36547
36548
36549
36550
36551
36552
36553
36554
36555
36556
36557
36558
36559
36560
36561
36562
36563
36564
36565
36566
36567
36568
36569
36570
36571
36572
36573
36574
36575
36576
36577
36578
36579
36580
36581
36582
36583
36584
36585
36586
36587
36588
36589
36590
36591
36592
36593
36594
36595
36596
36597
36598
36599
36600
36601
36602
36603
36604
36605
36606
36607
36608
36609
36610
36611
36612
36613
36614
36615
36616
36617
36618
36619
36620
36621
36622
36623
36624
36625
36626
36627
36628
36629
36630
36631
36632
36633
36634
36635
36636
36637
36638
36639
36640
36641
36642
36643
36644
36645
36646
36647
36648
36649
36650
36651
36652
36653
36654
36655
36656
36657
36658
36659
36660
36661
36662
36663
36664
36665
36666
36667
36668
36669
36670
36671
36672
36673
36674
36675
36676
36677
36678
36679
36680
36681
36682
36683
36684
36685
36686
36687
36688
36689
36690
36691
36692
36693
36694
36695
36696
36697
36698
36699
36700
36701
36702
36703
36704
36705
36706
36707
36708
36709
36710
36711
36712
36713
36714
36715
36716
36717
36718
36719
36720
36721
36722
36723
36724
36725
36726
36727
36728
36729
36730
36731
36732
36733
36734
36735
36736
36737
36738
36739
36740
36741
36742
36743
36744
36745
36746
36747
36748
36749
36750
36751
36752
36753
36754
36755
36756
36757
36758
36759
36760
36761
36762
36763
36764
36765
36766
36767
36768
36769
36770
36771
36772
36773
36774
36775
36776
36777
36778
36779
36780
36781
36782
36783
36784
36785
36786
36787
36788
36789
36790
36791
36792
36793
36794
36795
36796
36797
36798
36799
36800
36801
36802
36803
36804
36805
36806
36807
36808
36809
36810
36811
36812
36813
36814
36815
36816
36817
36818
36819
36820
36821
36822
36823
36824
36825
36826
36827
36828
36829
36830
36831
36832
36833
36834
36835
36836
36837
36838
36839
36840
36841
36842
36843
36844
36845
36846
36847
36848
36849
36850
36851
36852
36853
36854
36855
36856
36857
36858
36859
36860
36861
36862
36863
36864
36865
36866
36867
36868
36869
36870
36871
36872
36873
36874
36875
36876
36877
36878
36879
36880
36881
36882
36883
36884
36885
36886
36887
36888
36889
36890
36891
36892
36893
36894
36895
36896
36897
36898
36899
36900
36901
36902
36903
36904
36905
36906
36907
36908
36909
36910
36911
36912
36913
36914
36915
36916
36917
36918
36919
36920
36921
36922
36923
36924
36925
36926
36927
36928
36929
36930
36931
36932
36933
36934
36935
36936
36937
36938
36939
36940
36941
36942
36943
36944
36945
36946
36947
36948
36949
36950
36951
36952
36953
36954
36955
36956
36957
36958
36959
36960
36961
36962
36963
36964
36965
36966
36967
36968
36969
36970
36971
36972
36973
36974
36975
36976
36977
36978
36979
36980
36981
36982
36983
36984
36985
36986
36987
36988
36989
36990
36991
36992
36993
36994
36995
36996
36997
36998
36999
37000
37001
37002
37003
37004
37005
37006
37007
37008
37009
37010
37011
37012
37013
37014
37015
37016
37017
37018
37019
37020
37021
37022
37023
37024
37025
37026
37027
37028
37029
37030
37031
37032
37033
37034
37035
37036
37037
37038
37039
37040
37041
37042
37043
37044
37045
37046
37047
37048
37049
37050
37051
37052
37053
37054
37055
37056
37057
37058
37059
37060
37061
37062
37063
37064
37065
37066
37067
37068
37069
37070
37071
37072
37073
37074
37075
37076
37077
37078
37079
37080
37081
37082
37083
37084
37085
37086
37087
37088
37089
37090
37091
37092
37093
37094
37095
37096
37097
37098
37099
37100
37101
37102
37103
37104
37105
37106
37107
37108
37109
37110
37111
37112
37113
37114
37115
37116
37117
37118
37119
37120
37121
37122
37123
37124
37125
37126
37127
37128
37129
37130
37131
37132
37133
37134
37135
37136
37137
37138
37139
37140
37141
37142
37143
37144
37145
37146
37147
37148
37149
37150
37151
37152
37153
37154
37155
37156
37157
37158
37159
37160
37161
37162
37163
37164
37165
37166
37167
37168
37169
37170
37171
37172
37173
37174
37175
37176
37177
37178
37179
37180
37181
37182
37183
37184
37185
37186
37187
37188
37189
37190
37191
37192
37193
37194
37195
37196
37197
37198
37199
37200
37201
37202
37203
37204
37205
37206
37207
37208
37209
37210
37211
37212
37213
37214
37215
37216
37217
37218
37219
37220
37221
37222
37223
37224
37225
37226
37227
37228
37229
37230
37231
37232
37233
37234
37235
37236
37237
37238
37239
37240
37241
37242
37243
37244
37245
37246
37247
37248
37249
37250
37251
37252
37253
37254
37255
37256
37257
37258
37259
37260
37261
37262
37263
37264
37265
37266
37267
37268
37269
37270
37271
37272
37273
37274
37275
37276
37277
37278
37279
37280
37281
37282
37283
37284
37285
37286
37287
37288
37289
37290
37291
37292
37293
37294
37295
37296
37297
37298
37299
37300
37301
37302
37303
37304
37305
37306
37307
37308
37309
37310
37311
37312
37313
37314
37315
37316
37317
37318
37319
37320
37321
37322
37323
37324
37325
37326
37327
37328
37329
37330
37331
37332
37333
37334
37335
37336
37337
37338
37339
37340
37341
37342
37343
37344
37345
37346
37347
37348
37349
37350
37351
37352
37353
37354
37355
37356
37357
37358
37359
37360
37361
37362
37363
37364
37365
37366
37367
37368
37369
37370
37371
37372
37373
37374
37375
37376
37377
37378
37379
37380
37381
37382
37383
37384
37385
37386
37387
37388
37389
37390
37391
37392
37393
37394
37395
37396
37397
37398
37399
37400
37401
37402
37403
37404
37405
37406
37407
37408
37409
37410
37411
37412
37413
37414
37415
37416
37417
37418
37419
37420
37421
37422
37423
37424
37425
37426
37427
37428
37429
37430
37431
37432
37433
37434
37435
37436
37437
37438
37439
37440
37441
37442
37443
37444
37445
37446
37447
37448
37449
37450
37451
37452
37453
37454
37455
37456
37457
37458
37459
37460
37461
37462
37463
37464
37465
37466
37467
37468
37469
37470
37471
37472
37473
37474
37475
37476
37477
37478
37479
37480
37481
37482
37483
37484
37485
37486
37487
37488
37489
37490
37491
37492
37493
37494
37495
37496
37497
37498
37499
37500
37501
37502
37503
37504
37505
37506
37507
37508
37509
37510
37511
37512
37513
37514
37515
37516
37517
37518
37519
37520
37521
37522
37523
37524
37525
37526
37527
37528
37529
37530
37531
37532
37533
37534
37535
37536
37537
37538
37539
37540
37541
37542
37543
37544
37545
37546
37547
37548
37549
37550
37551
37552
37553
37554
37555
37556
37557
37558
37559
37560
37561
37562
37563
37564
37565
37566
37567
37568
37569
37570
37571
37572
37573
37574
37575
37576
37577
37578
37579
37580
37581
37582
37583
37584
37585
37586
37587
37588
37589
37590
37591
37592
37593
37594
37595
37596
37597
37598
37599
37600
37601
37602
37603
37604
37605
37606
37607
37608
37609
37610
37611
37612
37613
37614
37615
37616
37617
37618
37619
37620
37621
37622
37623
37624
37625
37626
37627
37628
37629
37630
37631
37632
37633
37634
37635
37636
37637
37638
37639
37640
37641
37642
37643
37644
37645
37646
37647
37648
37649
37650
37651
37652
37653
37654
37655
37656
37657
37658
37659
37660
37661
37662
37663
37664
37665
37666
37667
37668
37669
37670
37671
37672
37673
37674
37675
37676
37677
37678
37679
37680
37681
37682
37683
37684
37685
37686
37687
37688
37689
37690
37691
37692
37693
37694
37695
37696
37697
37698
37699
37700
37701
37702
37703
37704
37705
37706
37707
37708
37709
37710
37711
37712
37713
37714
37715
37716
37717
37718
37719
37720
37721
37722
37723
37724
37725
37726
37727
37728
37729
37730
37731
37732
37733
37734
37735
37736
37737
37738
37739
37740
37741
37742
37743
37744
37745
37746
37747
37748
37749
37750
37751
37752
37753
37754
37755
37756
37757
37758
37759
37760
37761
37762
37763
37764
37765
37766
37767
37768
37769
37770
37771
37772
37773
37774
37775
37776
37777
37778
37779
37780
37781
37782
37783
37784
37785
37786
37787
37788
37789
37790
37791
37792
37793
37794
37795
37796
37797
37798
37799
37800
37801
37802
37803
37804
37805
37806
37807
37808
37809
37810
37811
37812
37813
37814
37815
37816
37817
37818
37819
37820
37821
37822
37823
37824
37825
37826
37827
37828
37829
37830
37831
37832
37833
37834
37835
37836
37837
37838
37839
37840
37841
37842
37843
37844
37845
37846
37847
37848
37849
37850
37851
37852
37853
37854
37855
37856
37857
37858
37859
37860
37861
37862
37863
37864
37865
37866
37867
37868
37869
37870
37871
37872
37873
37874
37875
37876
37877
37878
37879
37880
37881
37882
37883
37884
37885
37886
37887
37888
37889
37890
37891
37892
37893
37894
37895
37896
37897
37898
37899
37900
37901
37902
37903
37904
37905
37906
37907
37908
37909
37910
37911
37912
37913
37914
37915
37916
37917
37918
37919
37920
37921
37922
37923
37924
37925
37926
37927
37928
37929
37930
37931
37932
37933
37934
37935
37936
37937
37938
37939
37940
37941
37942
37943
37944
37945
37946
37947
37948
37949
37950
37951
37952
37953
37954
37955
37956
37957
37958
37959
37960
37961
37962
37963
37964
37965
37966
37967
37968
37969
37970
37971
37972
37973
37974
37975
37976
37977
37978
37979
37980
37981
37982
37983
37984
37985
37986
37987
37988
37989
37990
37991
37992
37993
37994
37995
37996
37997
37998
37999
38000
38001
38002
38003
38004
38005
38006
38007
38008
38009
38010
38011
38012
38013
38014
38015
38016
38017
38018
38019
38020
38021
38022
38023
38024
38025
38026
38027
38028
38029
38030
38031
38032
38033
38034
38035
38036
38037
38038
38039
38040
38041
38042
38043
38044
38045
38046
38047
38048
38049
38050
38051
38052
38053
38054
38055
38056
38057
38058
38059
38060
38061
38062
38063
38064
38065
38066
38067
38068
38069
38070
38071
38072
38073
38074
38075
38076
38077
38078
38079
38080
38081
38082
38083
38084
38085
38086
38087
38088
38089
38090
38091
38092
38093
38094
38095
38096
38097
38098
38099
38100
38101
38102
38103
38104
38105
38106
38107
38108
38109
38110
38111
38112
38113
38114
38115
38116
38117
38118
38119
38120
38121
38122
38123
38124
38125
38126
38127
38128
38129
38130
38131
38132
38133
38134
38135
38136
38137
38138
38139
38140
38141
38142
38143
38144
38145
38146
38147
38148
38149
38150
38151
38152
38153
38154
38155
38156
38157
38158
38159
38160
38161
38162
38163
38164
38165
38166
38167
38168
38169
38170
38171
38172
38173
38174
38175
38176
38177
38178
38179
38180
38181
38182
38183
38184
38185
38186
38187
38188
38189
38190
38191
38192
38193
38194
38195
38196
38197
38198
38199
38200
38201
38202
38203
38204
38205
38206
38207
38208
38209
38210
38211
38212
38213
38214
38215
38216
38217
38218
38219
38220
38221
38222
38223
38224
38225
38226
38227
38228
38229
38230
38231
38232
38233
38234
38235
38236
38237
38238
38239
38240
38241
38242
38243
38244
38245
38246
38247
38248
38249
38250
38251
38252
38253
38254
38255
38256
38257
38258
38259
38260
38261
38262
38263
38264
38265
38266
38267
38268
38269
38270
38271
38272
38273
38274
38275
38276
38277
38278
38279
38280
38281
38282
38283
38284
38285
38286
38287
38288
38289
38290
38291
38292
38293
38294
38295
38296
38297
38298
38299
38300
38301
38302
38303
38304
38305
38306
38307
38308
38309
38310
38311
38312
38313
38314
38315
38316
38317
38318
38319
38320
38321
38322
38323
38324
38325
38326
38327
38328
38329
38330
38331
38332
38333
38334
38335
38336
38337
38338
38339
38340
38341
38342
38343
38344
38345
38346
38347
38348
38349
38350
38351
38352
38353
38354
38355
38356
38357
38358
38359
38360
38361
38362
38363
38364
38365
38366
38367
38368
38369
38370
38371
38372
38373
38374
38375
38376
38377
38378
38379
38380
38381
38382
38383
38384
38385
38386
38387
38388
38389
38390
38391
38392
38393
38394
38395
38396
38397
38398
38399
38400
38401
38402
38403
38404
38405
38406
38407
38408
38409
38410
38411
38412
38413
38414
38415
38416
38417
38418
38419
38420
38421
38422
38423
38424
38425
38426
38427
38428
38429
38430
38431
38432
38433
38434
38435
38436
38437
38438
38439
38440
38441
38442
38443
38444
38445
38446
38447
38448
38449
38450
38451
38452
38453
38454
38455
38456
38457
38458
38459
38460
38461
38462
38463
38464
38465
38466
38467
38468
38469
38470
38471
38472
38473
38474
38475
38476
38477
38478
38479
38480
38481
38482
38483
38484
38485
38486
38487
38488
38489
38490
38491
38492
38493
38494
38495
38496
38497
38498
38499
38500
38501
38502
38503
38504
38505
38506
38507
38508
38509
38510
38511
38512
38513
38514
38515
38516
38517
38518
38519
38520
38521
38522
38523
38524
38525
38526
38527
38528
38529
38530
38531
38532
38533
38534
38535
38536
38537
38538
38539
38540
38541
38542
38543
38544
38545
38546
38547
38548
38549
38550
38551
38552
38553
38554
38555
38556
38557
38558
38559
38560
38561
38562
38563
38564
38565
38566
38567
38568
38569
38570
38571
38572
38573
38574
38575
38576
38577
38578
38579
38580
38581
38582
38583
38584
38585
38586
38587
38588
38589
38590
38591
38592
38593
38594
38595
38596
38597
38598
38599
38600
38601
38602
38603
38604
38605
38606
38607
38608
38609
38610
38611
38612
38613
38614
38615
38616
38617
38618
38619
38620
38621
38622
38623
38624
38625
38626
38627
38628
38629
38630
38631
38632
38633
38634
38635
38636
38637
38638
38639
38640
38641
38642
38643
38644
38645
38646
38647
38648
38649
38650
38651
38652
38653
38654
38655
38656
38657
38658
38659
38660
38661
38662
38663
38664
38665
38666
38667
38668
38669
38670
38671
38672
38673
38674
38675
38676
38677
38678
38679
38680
38681
38682
38683
38684
38685
38686
38687
38688
38689
38690
38691
38692
38693
38694
38695
38696
38697
38698
38699
38700
38701
38702
38703
38704
38705
38706
38707
38708
38709
38710
38711
38712
38713
38714
38715
38716
38717
38718
38719
38720
38721
38722
38723
38724
38725
38726
38727
38728
38729
38730
38731
38732
38733
38734
38735
38736
38737
38738
38739
38740
38741
38742
38743
38744
38745
38746
38747
38748
38749
38750
38751
38752
38753
38754
38755
38756
38757
38758
38759
38760
38761
38762
38763
38764
38765
38766
38767
38768
38769
38770
38771
38772
38773
38774
38775
38776
38777
38778
38779
38780
38781
38782
38783
38784
38785
38786
38787
38788
38789
38790
38791
38792
38793
38794
38795
38796
38797
38798
38799
38800
38801
38802
38803
38804
38805
38806
38807
38808
38809
38810
38811
38812
38813
38814
38815
38816
38817
38818
38819
38820
38821
38822
38823
38824
38825
38826
38827
38828
38829
38830
38831
38832
38833
38834
38835
38836
38837
38838
38839
38840
38841
38842
38843
38844
38845
38846
38847
38848
38849
38850
38851
38852
38853
38854
38855
38856
38857
38858
38859
38860
38861
38862
38863
38864
38865
38866
38867
38868
38869
38870
38871
38872
38873
38874
38875
38876
38877
38878
38879
38880
38881
38882
38883
38884
38885
38886
38887
38888
38889
38890
38891
38892
38893
38894
38895
38896
38897
38898
38899
38900
38901
38902
38903
38904
38905
38906
38907
38908
38909
38910
38911
38912
38913
38914
38915
38916
38917
38918
38919
38920
38921
38922
38923
38924
38925
38926
38927
38928
38929
38930
38931
38932
38933
38934
38935
38936
38937
38938
38939
38940
38941
38942
38943
38944
38945
38946
38947
38948
38949
38950
38951
38952
38953
38954
38955
38956
38957
38958
38959
38960
38961
38962
38963
38964
38965
38966
38967
38968
38969
38970
38971
38972
38973
38974
38975
38976
38977
38978
38979
38980
38981
38982
38983
38984
38985
38986
38987
38988
38989
38990
38991
38992
38993
38994
38995
38996
38997
38998
38999
39000
39001
39002
39003
39004
39005
39006
39007
39008
39009
39010
39011
39012
39013
39014
39015
39016
39017
39018
39019
39020
39021
39022
39023
39024
39025
39026
39027
39028
39029
39030
39031
39032
39033
39034
39035
39036
39037
39038
39039
39040
39041
39042
39043
39044
39045
39046
39047
39048
39049
39050
39051
39052
39053
39054
39055
39056
39057
39058
39059
39060
39061
39062
39063
39064
39065
39066
39067
39068
39069
39070
39071
39072
39073
39074
39075
39076
39077
39078
39079
39080
39081
39082
39083
39084
39085
39086
39087
39088
39089
39090
39091
39092
39093
39094
39095
39096
39097
39098
39099
39100
39101
39102
39103
39104
39105
39106
39107
39108
39109
39110
39111
39112
39113
39114
39115
39116
39117
39118
39119
39120
39121
39122
39123
39124
39125
39126
39127
39128
39129
39130
39131
39132
39133
39134
39135
39136
39137
39138
39139
39140
39141
39142
39143
39144
39145
39146
39147
39148
39149
39150
39151
39152
39153
39154
39155
39156
39157
39158
39159
39160
39161
39162
39163
39164
39165
39166
39167
39168
39169
39170
39171
39172
39173
39174
39175
39176
39177
39178
39179
39180
39181
39182
39183
39184
39185
39186
39187
39188
39189
39190
39191
39192
39193
39194
39195
39196
39197
39198
39199
39200
39201
39202
39203
39204
39205
39206
39207
39208
39209
39210
39211
39212
39213
39214
39215
39216
39217
39218
39219
39220
39221
39222
39223
39224
39225
39226
39227
39228
39229
39230
39231
39232
39233
39234
39235
39236
39237
39238
39239
39240
39241
39242
39243
39244
39245
39246
39247
39248
39249
39250
39251
39252
39253
39254
39255
39256
39257
39258
39259
39260
39261
39262
39263
39264
39265
39266
39267
39268
39269
39270
39271
39272
39273
39274
39275
39276
39277
39278
39279
39280
39281
39282
39283
39284
39285
39286
39287
39288
39289
39290
39291
39292
39293
39294
39295
39296
39297
39298
39299
39300
39301
39302
39303
39304
39305
39306
39307
39308
39309
39310
39311
39312
39313
39314
39315
39316
39317
39318
39319
39320
39321
39322
39323
39324
39325
39326
39327
39328
39329
39330
39331
39332
39333
39334
39335
39336
39337
39338
39339
39340
39341
39342
39343
39344
39345
39346
39347
39348
39349
39350
39351
39352
39353
39354
39355
39356
39357
39358
39359
39360
39361
39362
39363
39364
39365
39366
39367
39368
39369
39370
39371
39372
39373
39374
39375
39376
39377
39378
39379
39380
39381
39382
39383
39384
39385
39386
39387
39388
39389
39390
39391
39392
39393
39394
39395
39396
39397
39398
39399
39400
39401
39402
39403
39404
39405
39406
39407
39408
39409
39410
39411
39412
39413
39414
39415
39416
39417
39418
39419
39420
39421
39422
39423
39424
39425
39426
39427
39428
39429
39430
39431
39432
39433
39434
39435
39436
39437
39438
39439
39440
39441
39442
39443
39444
39445
39446
39447
39448
39449
39450
39451
39452
39453
39454
39455
39456
39457
39458
39459
39460
39461
39462
39463
39464
39465
39466
39467
39468
39469
39470
39471
39472
39473
39474
39475
39476
39477
39478
39479
39480
39481
39482
39483
39484
39485
39486
39487
39488
39489
39490
39491
39492
39493
39494
39495
39496
39497
39498
39499
39500
39501
39502
39503
39504
39505
39506
39507
39508
39509
39510
39511
39512
39513
39514
39515
39516
39517
39518
39519
39520
39521
39522
39523
39524
39525
39526
39527
39528
39529
39530
39531
39532
39533
39534
39535
39536
39537
39538
39539
39540
39541
39542
39543
39544
39545
39546
39547
39548
39549
39550
39551
39552
39553
39554
39555
39556
39557
39558
39559
39560
39561
39562
39563
39564
39565
39566
39567
39568
39569
39570
39571
39572
39573
39574
39575
39576
39577
39578
39579
39580
39581
39582
39583
39584
39585
39586
39587
39588
39589
39590
39591
39592
39593
39594
39595
39596
39597
39598
39599
39600
39601
39602
39603
39604
39605
39606
39607
39608
39609
39610
39611
39612
39613
39614
39615
39616
39617
39618
39619
39620
39621
39622
39623
39624
39625
39626
39627
39628
39629
39630
39631
39632
39633
39634
39635
39636
39637
39638
39639
39640
39641
39642
39643
39644
39645
39646
39647
39648
39649
39650
39651
39652
39653
39654
39655
39656
39657
39658
39659
39660
39661
39662
39663
39664
39665
39666
39667
39668
39669
39670
39671
39672
39673
39674
39675
39676
39677
39678
39679
39680
39681
39682
39683
39684
39685
39686
39687
39688
39689
39690
39691
39692
39693
39694
39695
39696
39697
39698
39699
39700
39701
39702
39703
39704
39705
39706
39707
39708
39709
39710
39711
39712
39713
39714
39715
39716
39717
39718
39719
39720
39721
39722
39723
39724
39725
39726
39727
39728
39729
39730
39731
39732
39733
39734
39735
39736
39737
39738
39739
39740
39741
39742
39743
39744
39745
39746
39747
39748
39749
39750
39751
39752
39753
39754
39755
39756
39757
39758
39759
39760
39761
39762
39763
39764
39765
39766
39767
39768
39769
39770
39771
39772
39773
39774
39775
39776
39777
39778
39779
39780
39781
39782
39783
39784
39785
39786
39787
39788
39789
39790
39791
39792
39793
39794
39795
39796
39797
39798
39799
39800
39801
39802
39803
39804
39805
39806
39807
39808
39809
39810
39811
39812
39813
39814
39815
39816
39817
39818
39819
39820
39821
39822
39823
39824
39825
39826
39827
39828
39829
39830
39831
39832
39833
39834
39835
39836
39837
39838
39839
39840
39841
39842
39843
39844
39845
39846
39847
39848
39849
39850
39851
39852
39853
39854
39855
39856
39857
39858
39859
39860
39861
39862
39863
39864
39865
39866
39867
39868
39869
39870
39871
39872
39873
39874
39875
39876
39877
39878
39879
39880
39881
39882
39883
39884
39885
39886
39887
39888
39889
39890
39891
39892
39893
39894
39895
39896
39897
39898
39899
39900
39901
39902
39903
39904
39905
39906
39907
39908
39909
39910
39911
39912
39913
39914
39915
39916
39917
39918
39919
39920
39921
39922
39923
39924
39925
39926
39927
39928
39929
39930
39931
39932
39933
39934
39935
39936
39937
39938
39939
39940
39941
39942
39943
39944
39945
39946
39947
39948
39949
39950
39951
39952
39953
39954
39955
39956
39957
39958
39959
39960
39961
39962
39963
39964
39965
39966
39967
39968
39969
39970
39971
39972
39973
39974
39975
39976
39977
39978
39979
39980
39981
39982
39983
39984
39985
39986
39987
39988
39989
39990
39991
39992
39993
39994
39995
39996
39997
39998
39999
40000
40001
40002
40003
40004
40005
40006
40007
40008
40009
40010
40011
40012
40013
40014
40015
40016
40017
40018
40019
40020
40021
40022
40023
40024
40025
40026
40027
40028
40029
40030
40031
40032
40033
40034
40035
40036
40037
40038
40039
40040
40041
40042
40043
40044
40045
40046
40047
40048
40049
40050
40051
40052
40053
40054
40055
40056
40057
40058
40059
40060
40061
40062
40063
40064
40065
40066
40067
40068
40069
40070
40071
40072
40073
40074
40075
40076
40077
40078
40079
40080
40081
40082
40083
40084
40085
40086
40087
40088
40089
40090
40091
40092
40093
40094
40095
40096
40097
40098
40099
40100
40101
40102
40103
40104
40105
40106
40107
40108
40109
40110
40111
40112
40113
40114
40115
40116
40117
40118
40119
40120
40121
40122
40123
40124
40125
40126
40127
40128
40129
40130
40131
40132
40133
40134
40135
40136
40137
40138
40139
40140
40141
40142
40143
40144
40145
40146
40147
40148
40149
40150
40151
40152
40153
40154
40155
40156
40157
40158
40159
40160
40161
40162
40163
40164
40165
40166
40167
40168
40169
40170
40171
40172
40173
40174
40175
40176
40177
40178
40179
40180
40181
40182
40183
40184
40185
40186
40187
40188
40189
40190
40191
40192
40193
40194
40195
40196
40197
40198
40199
40200
40201
40202
40203
40204
40205
40206
40207
40208
40209
40210
40211
40212
40213
40214
40215
40216
40217
40218
40219
40220
40221
40222
40223
40224
40225
40226
40227
40228
40229
40230
40231
40232
40233
40234
40235
40236
40237
40238
40239
40240
40241
40242
40243
40244
40245
40246
40247
40248
40249
40250
40251
40252
40253
40254
40255
40256
40257
40258
40259
40260
40261
40262
40263
40264
40265
40266
40267
40268
40269
40270
40271
40272
40273
40274
40275
40276
40277
40278
40279
40280
40281
40282
40283
40284
40285
40286
40287
40288
40289
40290
40291
40292
40293
40294
40295
40296
40297
40298
40299
40300
40301
40302
40303
40304
40305
40306
40307
40308
40309
40310
40311
40312
40313
40314
40315
40316
40317
40318
40319
40320
40321
40322
40323
40324
40325
40326
40327
40328
40329
40330
40331
40332
40333
40334
40335
40336
40337
40338
40339
40340
40341
40342
40343
40344
40345
40346
40347
40348
40349
40350
40351
40352
40353
40354
40355
40356
40357
40358
40359
40360
40361
40362
40363
40364
40365
40366
40367
40368
40369
40370
40371
40372
40373
40374
40375
40376
40377
40378
40379
40380
40381
40382
40383
40384
40385
40386
40387
40388
40389
40390
40391
40392
40393
40394
40395
40396
40397
40398
40399
40400
40401
40402
40403
40404
40405
40406
40407
40408
40409
40410
40411
40412
40413
40414
40415
40416
40417
40418
40419
40420
40421
40422
40423
40424
40425
40426
40427
40428
40429
40430
40431
40432
40433
40434
40435
40436
40437
40438
40439
40440
40441
40442
40443
40444
40445
40446
40447
40448
40449
40450
40451
40452
40453
40454
40455
40456
40457
40458
40459
40460
40461
40462
40463
40464
40465
40466
40467
40468
40469
40470
40471
40472
40473
40474
40475
40476
40477
40478
40479
40480
40481
40482
40483
40484
40485
40486
40487
40488
40489
40490
40491
40492
40493
40494
40495
40496
40497
40498
40499
40500
40501
40502
40503
40504
40505
40506
40507
40508
40509
40510
40511
40512
40513
40514
40515
40516
40517
40518
40519
40520
40521
40522
40523
40524
40525
40526
40527
40528
40529
40530
40531
40532
40533
40534
40535
40536
40537
40538
40539
40540
40541
40542
40543
40544
40545
40546
40547
40548
40549
40550
40551
40552
40553
40554
40555
40556
40557
40558
40559
40560
40561
40562
40563
40564
40565
40566
40567
40568
40569
40570
40571
40572
40573
40574
40575
40576
40577
40578
40579
40580
40581
40582
40583
40584
40585
40586
40587
40588
40589
40590
40591
40592
40593
40594
40595
40596
40597
40598
40599
40600
40601
40602
40603
40604
40605
40606
40607
40608
40609
40610
40611
40612
40613
40614
40615
40616
40617
40618
40619
40620
40621
40622
40623
40624
40625
40626
40627
40628
40629
40630
40631
40632
40633
40634
40635
40636
40637
40638
40639
40640
40641
40642
40643
40644
40645
40646
40647
40648
40649
40650
40651
40652
40653
40654
40655
40656
40657
40658
40659
40660
40661
40662
40663
40664
40665
40666
40667
40668
40669
40670
40671
40672
40673
40674
40675
40676
40677
40678
40679
40680
40681
40682
40683
40684
40685
40686
40687
40688
40689
40690
40691
40692
40693
40694
40695
40696
40697
40698
40699
40700
40701
40702
40703
40704
40705
40706
40707
40708
40709
40710
40711
40712
40713
40714
40715
40716
40717
40718
40719
40720
40721
40722
40723
40724
40725
40726
40727
40728
40729
40730
40731
40732
40733
40734
40735
40736
40737
40738
40739
40740
40741
40742
40743
40744
40745
40746
40747
40748
40749
40750
40751
40752
40753
40754
40755
40756
40757
40758
40759
40760
40761
40762
40763
40764
40765
40766
40767
40768
40769
40770
40771
40772
40773
40774
40775
40776
40777
40778
40779
40780
40781
40782
40783
40784
40785
40786
40787
40788
40789
40790
40791
40792
40793
40794
40795
40796
40797
40798
40799
40800
40801
40802
40803
40804
40805
40806
40807
40808
40809
40810
40811
40812
40813
40814
40815
40816
40817
40818
40819
40820
40821
40822
40823
40824
40825
40826
40827
40828
40829
40830
40831
40832
40833
40834
40835
40836
40837
40838
40839
40840
40841
40842
40843
40844
40845
40846
40847
40848
40849
40850
40851
40852
40853
40854
40855
40856
40857
40858
40859
40860
40861
40862
40863
40864
40865
40866
40867
40868
40869
40870
40871
40872
40873
40874
40875
40876
40877
40878
40879
40880
40881
40882
40883
40884
40885
40886
40887
40888
40889
40890
40891
40892
40893
40894
40895
40896
40897
40898
40899
40900
40901
40902
40903
40904
40905
40906
40907
40908
40909
40910
40911
40912
40913
40914
40915
40916
40917
40918
40919
40920
40921
40922
40923
40924
40925
40926
40927
40928
40929
40930
40931
40932
40933
40934
40935
40936
40937
40938
40939
40940
40941
40942
40943
40944
40945
40946
40947
40948
40949
40950
40951
40952
40953
40954
40955
40956
40957
40958
40959
40960
40961
40962
40963
40964
40965
40966
40967
40968
40969
40970
40971
40972
40973
40974
40975
40976
40977
40978
40979
40980
40981
40982
40983
40984
40985
40986
40987
40988
40989
40990
40991
40992
40993
40994
40995
40996
40997
40998
40999
41000
41001
41002
41003
41004
41005
41006
41007
41008
41009
41010
41011
41012
41013
41014
41015
41016
41017
41018
41019
41020
41021
41022
41023
41024
41025
41026
41027
41028
41029
41030
41031
41032
41033
41034
41035
41036
41037
41038
41039
41040
41041
41042
41043
41044
41045
41046
41047
41048
41049
41050
41051
41052
41053
41054
41055
41056
41057
41058
41059
41060
41061
41062
41063
41064
41065
41066
41067
41068
41069
41070
41071
41072
41073
41074
41075
41076
41077
41078
41079
41080
41081
41082
41083
41084
41085
41086
41087
41088
41089
41090
41091
41092
41093
41094
41095
41096
41097
41098
41099
41100
41101
41102
41103
41104
41105
41106
41107
41108
41109
41110
41111
41112
41113
41114
41115
41116
41117
41118
41119
41120
41121
41122
41123
41124
41125
41126
41127
41128
41129
41130
41131
41132
41133
41134
41135
41136
41137
41138
41139
41140
41141
41142
41143
41144
41145
41146
41147
41148
41149
41150
41151
41152
41153
41154
41155
41156
41157
41158
41159
41160
41161
41162
41163
41164
41165
41166
41167
41168
41169
41170
41171
41172
41173
41174
41175
41176
41177
41178
41179
41180
41181
41182
41183
41184
41185
41186
41187
41188
41189
41190
41191
41192
41193
41194
41195
41196
41197
41198
41199
41200
41201
41202
41203
41204
41205
41206
41207
41208
41209
41210
41211
41212
41213
41214
41215
41216
41217
41218
41219
41220
41221
41222
41223
41224
41225
41226
41227
41228
41229
41230
41231
41232
41233
41234
41235
41236
41237
41238
41239
41240
41241
41242
41243
41244
41245
41246
41247
41248
41249
41250
41251
41252
41253
41254
41255
41256
41257
41258
41259
41260
41261
41262
41263
41264
41265
41266
41267
41268
41269
41270
41271
41272
41273
41274
41275
41276
41277
41278
41279
41280
41281
41282
41283
41284
41285
41286
41287
41288
41289
41290
41291
41292
41293
41294
41295
41296
41297
41298
41299
41300
41301
41302
41303
41304
41305
41306
41307
41308
41309
41310
41311
41312
41313
41314
41315
41316
41317
41318
41319
41320
41321
41322
41323
41324
41325
41326
41327
41328
41329
41330
41331
41332
41333
41334
41335
41336
41337
41338
41339
41340
41341
41342
41343
41344
41345
41346
41347
41348
41349
41350
41351
41352
41353
41354
41355
41356
41357
41358
41359
41360
41361
41362
41363
41364
41365
41366
41367
41368
41369
41370
41371
41372
41373
41374
41375
41376
41377
41378
41379
41380
41381
41382
41383
41384
41385
41386
41387
41388
41389
41390
41391
41392
41393
41394
41395
41396
41397
41398
41399
41400
41401
41402
41403
41404
41405
41406
41407
41408
41409
41410
41411
41412
41413
41414
41415
41416
41417
41418
41419
41420
41421
41422
41423
41424
41425
41426
41427
41428
41429
41430
41431
41432
41433
41434
41435
41436
41437
41438
41439
41440
41441
41442
41443
41444
41445
41446
41447
41448
41449
41450
41451
41452
41453
41454
41455
41456
41457
41458
41459
41460
41461
41462
41463
41464
41465
41466
41467
41468
41469
41470
41471
41472
41473
41474
41475
41476
41477
41478
41479
41480
41481
41482
41483
41484
41485
41486
41487
41488
41489
41490
41491
41492
41493
41494
41495
41496
41497
41498
41499
41500
41501
41502
41503
41504
41505
41506
41507
41508
41509
41510
41511
41512
41513
41514
41515
41516
41517
41518
41519
41520
41521
41522
41523
41524
41525
41526
41527
41528
41529
41530
41531
41532
41533
41534
41535
41536
41537
41538
41539
41540
41541
41542
41543
41544
41545
41546
41547
41548
41549
41550
41551
41552
41553
41554
41555
41556
41557
41558
41559
41560
41561
41562
41563
41564
41565
41566
41567
41568
41569
41570
41571
41572
41573
41574
41575
41576
41577
41578
41579
41580
41581
41582
41583
41584
41585
41586
41587
41588
41589
41590
41591
41592
41593
41594
41595
41596
41597
41598
41599
41600
41601
41602
41603
41604
41605
41606
41607
41608
41609
41610
41611
41612
41613
41614
41615
41616
41617
41618
41619
41620
41621
41622
41623
41624
41625
41626
41627
41628
41629
41630
41631
41632
41633
41634
41635
41636
41637
41638
41639
41640
41641
41642
41643
41644
41645
41646
41647
41648
41649
41650
41651
41652
41653
41654
41655
41656
41657
41658
41659
41660
41661
41662
41663
41664
41665
41666
41667
41668
41669
41670
41671
41672
41673
41674
41675
41676
41677
41678
41679
41680
41681
41682
41683
41684
41685
41686
41687
41688
41689
41690
41691
41692
41693
41694
41695
41696
41697
41698
41699
41700
41701
41702
41703
41704
41705
41706
41707
41708
41709
41710
41711
41712
41713
41714
41715
41716
41717
41718
41719
41720
41721
41722
41723
41724
41725
41726
41727
41728
41729
41730
41731
41732
41733
41734
41735
41736
41737
41738
41739
41740
41741
41742
41743
41744
41745
41746
41747
41748
41749
41750
41751
41752
41753
41754
41755
41756
41757
41758
41759
41760
41761
41762
41763
41764
41765
41766
41767
41768
41769
41770
41771
41772
41773
41774
41775
41776
41777
41778
41779
41780
41781
41782
41783
41784
41785
41786
41787
41788
41789
41790
41791
41792
41793
41794
41795
41796
41797
41798
41799
41800
41801
41802
41803
41804
41805
41806
41807
41808
41809
41810
41811
41812
41813
41814
41815
41816
41817
41818
41819
41820
41821
41822
41823
41824
41825
41826
41827
41828
41829
41830
41831
41832
41833
41834
41835
41836
41837
41838
41839
41840
41841
41842
41843
41844
41845
41846
41847
41848
41849
41850
41851
41852
41853
41854
41855
41856
41857
41858
41859
41860
41861
41862
41863
41864
41865
41866
41867
41868
41869
41870
41871
41872
41873
41874
41875
41876
41877
41878
41879
41880
41881
41882
41883
41884
41885
41886
41887
41888
41889
41890
41891
41892
41893
41894
41895
41896
41897
41898
41899
41900
41901
41902
41903
41904
41905
41906
41907
41908
41909
41910
41911
41912
41913
41914
41915
41916
41917
41918
41919
41920
41921
41922
41923
41924
41925
41926
41927
41928
41929
41930
41931
41932
41933
41934
41935
41936
41937
41938
41939
41940
41941
41942
41943
41944
41945
41946
41947
41948
41949
41950
41951
41952
41953
41954
41955
41956
41957
41958
41959
41960
41961
41962
41963
41964
41965
41966
41967
41968
41969
41970
41971
41972
41973
41974
41975
41976
41977
41978
41979
41980
41981
41982
41983
41984
41985
41986
41987
41988
41989
41990
41991
41992
41993
41994
41995
41996
41997
41998
41999
42000
42001
42002
42003
42004
42005
42006
42007
42008
42009
42010
42011
42012
42013
42014
42015
42016
42017
42018
42019
42020
42021
42022
42023
42024
42025
42026
42027
42028
42029
42030
42031
42032
42033
42034
42035
42036
42037
42038
42039
42040
42041
42042
42043
42044
42045
42046
42047
42048
42049
42050
42051
42052
42053
42054
42055
42056
42057
42058
42059
42060
42061
42062
42063
42064
42065
42066
42067
42068
42069
42070
42071
42072
42073
42074
42075
42076
42077
42078
42079
42080
42081
42082
42083
42084
42085
42086
42087
42088
42089
42090
42091
42092
42093
42094
42095
42096
42097
42098
42099
42100
42101
42102
42103
42104
42105
42106
42107
42108
42109
42110
42111
42112
42113
42114
42115
42116
42117
42118
42119
42120
42121
42122
42123
42124
42125
42126
42127
42128
42129
42130
42131
42132
42133
42134
42135
42136
42137
42138
42139
42140
42141
42142
42143
42144
42145
42146
42147
42148
42149
42150
42151
42152
42153
42154
42155
42156
42157
42158
42159
42160
42161
42162
42163
42164
42165
42166
42167
42168
42169
42170
42171
42172
42173
42174
42175
42176
42177
42178
42179
42180
42181
42182
42183
42184
42185
42186
42187
42188
42189
42190
42191
42192
42193
42194
42195
42196
42197
42198
42199
42200
42201
42202
42203
42204
42205
42206
42207
42208
42209
42210
42211
42212
42213
42214
42215
42216
42217
42218
42219
42220
42221
42222
42223
42224
42225
42226
42227
42228
42229
42230
42231
42232
42233
42234
42235
42236
42237
42238
42239
42240
42241
42242
42243
42244
42245
42246
42247
42248
42249
42250
42251
42252
42253
42254
42255
42256
42257
42258
42259
42260
42261
42262
42263
42264
42265
42266
42267
42268
42269
42270
42271
42272
42273
42274
42275
42276
42277
42278
42279
42280
42281
42282
42283
42284
42285
42286
42287
42288
42289
42290
42291
42292
42293
42294
42295
42296
42297
42298
42299
42300
42301
42302
42303
42304
42305
42306
42307
42308
42309
42310
42311
42312
42313
42314
42315
42316
42317
42318
42319
42320
42321
42322
42323
42324
42325
42326
42327
42328
42329
42330
42331
42332
42333
42334
42335
42336
42337
42338
42339
42340
42341
42342
42343
42344
42345
42346
42347
42348
42349
42350
42351
42352
42353
42354
42355
42356
42357
42358
42359
42360
42361
42362
42363
42364
42365
42366
42367
42368
42369
42370
42371
42372
42373
42374
42375
42376
42377
42378
42379
42380
42381
42382
42383
42384
42385
42386
42387
42388
42389
42390
42391
42392
42393
42394
42395
42396
42397
42398
42399
42400
42401
42402
42403
42404
42405
42406
42407
42408
42409
42410
42411
42412
42413
42414
42415
42416
42417
42418
42419
42420
42421
42422
42423
42424
42425
42426
42427
42428
42429
42430
42431
42432
42433
42434
42435
42436
42437
42438
42439
42440
42441
42442
42443
42444
42445
42446
42447
42448
42449
42450
42451
42452
42453
42454
42455
42456
42457
42458
42459
42460
42461
42462
42463
42464
42465
42466
42467
42468
42469
42470
42471
42472
42473
42474
42475
42476
42477
42478
42479
42480
42481
42482
42483
42484
42485
42486
42487
42488
42489
42490
42491
42492
42493
42494
42495
42496
42497
42498
42499
42500
42501
42502
42503
42504
42505
42506
42507
42508
42509
42510
42511
42512
42513
42514
42515
42516
42517
42518
42519
42520
42521
42522
42523
42524
42525
42526
42527
42528
42529
42530
42531
42532
42533
42534
42535
42536
42537
42538
42539
42540
42541
42542
42543
42544
42545
42546
42547
42548
42549
42550
42551
42552
42553
42554
42555
42556
42557
42558
42559
42560
42561
42562
42563
42564
42565
42566
42567
42568
42569
42570
42571
42572
42573
42574
42575
42576
42577
42578
42579
42580
42581
42582
42583
42584
42585
42586
42587
42588
42589
42590
42591
42592
42593
42594
42595
42596
42597
42598
42599
42600
42601
42602
42603
42604
42605
42606
42607
42608
42609
42610
42611
42612
42613
42614
42615
42616
42617
42618
42619
42620
42621
42622
42623
42624
42625
42626
42627
42628
42629
42630
42631
42632
42633
42634
42635
42636
42637
42638
42639
42640
42641
42642
42643
42644
42645
42646
42647
42648
42649
42650
42651
42652
42653
42654
42655
42656
42657
42658
42659
42660
42661
42662
42663
42664
42665
42666
42667
42668
42669
42670
42671
42672
42673
42674
42675
42676
42677
42678
42679
42680
42681
42682
42683
42684
42685
42686
42687
42688
42689
42690
42691
42692
42693
42694
42695
42696
42697
42698
42699
42700
42701
42702
42703
42704
42705
42706
42707
42708
42709
42710
42711
42712
42713
42714
42715
42716
42717
42718
42719
42720
42721
42722
42723
42724
42725
42726
42727
42728
42729
42730
42731
42732
42733
42734
42735
42736
42737
42738
42739
42740
42741
42742
42743
42744
42745
42746
42747
42748
42749
42750
42751
42752
42753
42754
42755
42756
42757
42758
42759
42760
42761
42762
42763
42764
42765
42766
42767
42768
42769
42770
42771
42772
42773
42774
42775
42776
42777
42778
42779
42780
42781
42782
42783
42784
42785
42786
42787
42788
42789
42790
42791
42792
42793
42794
42795
42796
42797
42798
42799
42800
42801
42802
42803
42804
42805
42806
42807
42808
42809
42810
42811
42812
42813
42814
42815
42816
42817
42818
42819
42820
42821
42822
42823
42824
42825
42826
42827
42828
42829
42830
42831
42832
42833
42834
42835
42836
42837
42838
42839
42840
42841
42842
42843
42844
42845
42846
42847
42848
42849
42850
42851
42852
42853
42854
42855
42856
42857
42858
42859
42860
42861
42862
42863
42864
42865
42866
42867
42868
42869
42870
42871
42872
42873
42874
42875
42876
42877
42878
42879
42880
42881
42882
42883
42884
42885
42886
42887
42888
42889
42890
42891
42892
42893
42894
42895
42896
42897
42898
42899
42900
42901
42902
42903
42904
42905
42906
42907
42908
42909
42910
42911
42912
42913
42914
42915
42916
42917
42918
42919
42920
42921
42922
42923
42924
42925
42926
42927
42928
42929
42930
42931
42932
42933
42934
42935
42936
42937
42938
42939
42940
42941
42942
42943
42944
42945
42946
42947
42948
42949
42950
42951
42952
42953
42954
42955
42956
42957
42958
42959
42960
42961
42962
42963
42964
42965
42966
42967
42968
42969
42970
42971
42972
42973
42974
42975
42976
42977
42978
42979
42980
42981
42982
42983
42984
42985
42986
42987
42988
42989
42990
42991
42992
42993
42994
42995
42996
42997
42998
42999
43000
43001
43002
43003
43004
43005
43006
43007
43008
43009
43010
43011
43012
43013
43014
43015
43016
43017
43018
43019
43020
43021
43022
43023
43024
43025
43026
43027
43028
43029
43030
43031
43032
43033
43034
43035
43036
43037
43038
43039
43040
43041
43042
43043
43044
43045
43046
43047
43048
43049
43050
43051
43052
43053
43054
43055
43056
43057
43058
43059
43060
43061
43062
43063
43064
43065
43066
43067
43068
43069
43070
43071
43072
43073
43074
43075
43076
43077
43078
43079
43080
43081
43082
43083
43084
43085
43086
43087
43088
43089
43090
43091
43092
43093
43094
43095
43096
43097
43098
43099
43100
43101
43102
43103
43104
43105
43106
43107
43108
43109
43110
43111
43112
43113
43114
43115
43116
43117
43118
43119
43120
43121
43122
43123
43124
43125
43126
43127
43128
43129
43130
43131
43132
43133
43134
43135
43136
43137
43138
43139
43140
43141
43142
43143
43144
43145
43146
43147
43148
43149
43150
43151
43152
43153
43154
43155
43156
43157
43158
43159
43160
43161
43162
43163
43164
43165
43166
43167
43168
43169
43170
43171
43172
43173
43174
43175
43176
43177
43178
43179
43180
43181
43182
43183
43184
43185
43186
43187
43188
43189
43190
43191
43192
43193
43194
43195
43196
43197
43198
43199
43200
43201
43202
43203
43204
43205
43206
43207
43208
43209
43210
43211
43212
43213
43214
43215
43216
43217
43218
43219
43220
43221
43222
43223
43224
43225
43226
43227
43228
43229
43230
43231
43232
43233
43234
43235
43236
43237
43238
43239
43240
43241
43242
43243
43244
43245
43246
43247
43248
43249
43250
43251
43252
43253
43254
43255
43256
43257
43258
43259
43260
43261
43262
43263
43264
43265
43266
43267
43268
43269
43270
43271
43272
43273
43274
43275
43276
43277
43278
43279
43280
43281
43282
43283
43284
43285
43286
43287
43288
43289
43290
43291
43292
43293
43294
43295
43296
43297
43298
43299
43300
43301
43302
43303
43304
43305
43306
43307
43308
43309
43310
43311
43312
43313
43314
43315
43316
43317
43318
43319
43320
43321
43322
43323
43324
43325
43326
43327
43328
43329
43330
43331
43332
43333
43334
43335
43336
43337
43338
43339
43340
43341
43342
43343
43344
43345
43346
43347
43348
43349
43350
43351
43352
43353
43354
43355
43356
43357
43358
43359
43360
43361
43362
43363
43364
43365
43366
43367
43368
43369
43370
43371
43372
43373
43374
43375
43376
43377
43378
43379
43380
43381
43382
43383
43384
43385
43386
43387
43388
43389
43390
43391
43392
43393
43394
43395
43396
43397
43398
43399
43400
43401
43402
43403
43404
43405
43406
43407
43408
43409
43410
43411
43412
43413
43414
43415
43416
43417
43418
43419
43420
43421
43422
43423
43424
43425
43426
43427
43428
43429
43430
43431
43432
43433
43434
43435
43436
43437
43438
43439
43440
43441
43442
43443
43444
43445
43446
43447
43448
43449
43450
43451
43452
43453
43454
43455
43456
43457
43458
43459
43460
43461
43462
43463
43464
43465
43466
43467
43468
43469
43470
43471
43472
43473
43474
43475
43476
43477
43478
43479
43480
43481
43482
43483
43484
43485
43486
43487
43488
43489
43490
43491
43492
43493
43494
43495
43496
43497
43498
43499
43500
43501
43502
43503
43504
43505
43506
43507
43508
43509
43510
43511
43512
43513
43514
43515
43516
43517
43518
43519
43520
43521
43522
43523
43524
43525
43526
43527
43528
43529
43530
43531
43532
43533
43534
43535
43536
43537
43538
43539
43540
43541
43542
43543
43544
43545
43546
43547
43548
43549
43550
43551
43552
43553
43554
43555
43556
43557
43558
43559
43560
43561
43562
43563
43564
43565
43566
43567
43568
43569
43570
43571
43572
43573
43574
43575
43576
43577
43578
43579
43580
43581
43582
43583
43584
43585
43586
43587
43588
43589
43590
43591
43592
43593
43594
43595
43596
43597
43598
43599
43600
43601
43602
43603
43604
43605
43606
43607
43608
43609
43610
43611
43612
43613
43614
43615
43616
43617
43618
43619
43620
43621
43622
43623
43624
43625
43626
43627
43628
43629
43630
43631
43632
43633
43634
43635
43636
43637
43638
43639
43640
43641
43642
43643
43644
43645
43646
43647
43648
43649
43650
43651
43652
43653
43654
43655
43656
43657
43658
43659
43660
43661
43662
43663
43664
43665
43666
43667
43668
43669
43670
43671
43672
43673
43674
43675
43676
43677
43678
43679
43680
43681
43682
43683
43684
43685
43686
43687
43688
43689
43690
43691
43692
43693
43694
43695
43696
43697
43698
43699
43700
43701
43702
43703
43704
43705
43706
43707
43708
43709
43710
43711
43712
43713
43714
43715
43716
43717
43718
43719
43720
43721
43722
43723
43724
43725
43726
43727
43728
43729
43730
43731
43732
43733
43734
43735
43736
43737
43738
43739
43740
43741
43742
43743
43744
43745
43746
43747
43748
43749
43750
43751
43752
43753
43754
43755
43756
43757
43758
43759
43760
43761
43762
43763
43764
43765
43766
43767
43768
43769
43770
43771
43772
43773
43774
43775
43776
43777
43778
43779
43780
43781
43782
43783
43784
43785
43786
43787
43788
43789
43790
43791
43792
43793
43794
43795
43796
43797
43798
43799
43800
43801
43802
43803
43804
43805
43806
43807
43808
43809
43810
43811
43812
43813
43814
43815
43816
43817
43818
43819
43820
43821
43822
43823
43824
43825
43826
43827
43828
43829
43830
43831
43832
43833
43834
43835
43836
43837
43838
43839
43840
43841
43842
43843
43844
43845
43846
43847
43848
43849
43850
43851
43852
43853
43854
43855
43856
43857
43858
43859
43860
43861
43862
43863
43864
43865
43866
43867
43868
43869
43870
43871
43872
43873
43874
43875
43876
43877
43878
43879
43880
43881
43882
43883
43884
43885
43886
43887
43888
43889
43890
43891
43892
43893
43894
43895
43896
43897
43898
43899
43900
43901
43902
43903
43904
43905
43906
43907
43908
43909
43910
43911
43912
43913
43914
43915
43916
43917
43918
43919
43920
43921
43922
43923
43924
43925
43926
43927
43928
43929
43930
43931
43932
43933
43934
43935
43936
43937
43938
43939
43940
43941
43942
43943
43944
43945
43946
43947
43948
43949
43950
43951
43952
43953
43954
43955
43956
43957
43958
43959
43960
43961
43962
43963
43964
43965
43966
43967
43968
43969
43970
43971
43972
43973
43974
43975
43976
43977
43978
43979
43980
43981
43982
43983
43984
43985
43986
43987
43988
43989
43990
43991
43992
43993
43994
43995
43996
43997
43998
43999
44000
44001
44002
44003
44004
44005
44006
44007
44008
44009
44010
44011
44012
44013
44014
44015
44016
44017
44018
44019
44020
44021
44022
44023
44024
44025
44026
44027
44028
44029
44030
44031
44032
44033
44034
44035
44036
44037
44038
44039
44040
44041
44042
44043
44044
44045
44046
44047
44048
44049
44050
44051
44052
44053
44054
44055
44056
44057
44058
44059
44060
44061
44062
44063
44064
44065
44066
44067
44068
44069
44070
44071
44072
44073
44074
44075
44076
44077
44078
44079
44080
44081
44082
44083
44084
44085
44086
44087
44088
44089
44090
44091
44092
44093
44094
44095
44096
44097
44098
44099
44100
44101
44102
44103
44104
44105
44106
44107
44108
44109
44110
44111
44112
44113
44114
44115
44116
44117
44118
44119
44120
44121
44122
44123
44124
44125
44126
44127
44128
44129
44130
44131
44132
44133
44134
44135
44136
44137
44138
44139
44140
44141
44142
44143
44144
44145
44146
44147
44148
44149
44150
44151
44152
44153
44154
44155
44156
44157
44158
44159
44160
44161
44162
44163
44164
44165
44166
44167
44168
44169
44170
44171
44172
44173
44174
44175
44176
44177
44178
44179
44180
44181
44182
44183
44184
44185
44186
44187
44188
44189
44190
44191
44192
44193
44194
44195
44196
44197
44198
44199
44200
44201
44202
44203
44204
44205
44206
44207
44208
44209
44210
44211
44212
44213
44214
44215
44216
44217
44218
44219
44220
44221
44222
44223
44224
44225
44226
44227
44228
44229
44230
44231
44232
44233
44234
44235
44236
44237
44238
44239
44240
44241
44242
44243
44244
44245
44246
44247
44248
44249
44250
44251
44252
44253
44254
44255
44256
44257
44258
44259
44260
44261
44262
44263
44264
44265
44266
44267
44268
44269
44270
44271
44272
44273
44274
44275
44276
44277
44278
44279
44280
44281
44282
44283
44284
44285
44286
44287
44288
44289
44290
44291
44292
44293
44294
44295
44296
44297
44298
44299
44300
44301
44302
44303
44304
44305
44306
44307
44308
44309
44310
44311
44312
44313
44314
44315
44316
44317
44318
44319
44320
44321
44322
44323
44324
44325
44326
44327
44328
44329
44330
44331
44332
44333
44334
44335
44336
44337
44338
44339
44340
44341
44342
44343
44344
44345
44346
44347
44348
44349
44350
44351
44352
44353
44354
44355
44356
44357
44358
44359
44360
44361
44362
44363
44364
44365
44366
44367
44368
44369
44370
44371
44372
44373
44374
44375
44376
44377
44378
44379
44380
44381
44382
44383
44384
44385
44386
44387
44388
44389
44390
44391
44392
44393
44394
44395
44396
44397
44398
44399
44400
44401
44402
44403
44404
44405
44406
44407
44408
44409
44410
44411
44412
44413
44414
44415
44416
44417
44418
44419
44420
44421
44422
44423
44424
44425
44426
44427
44428
44429
44430
44431
44432
44433
44434
44435
44436
44437
44438
44439
44440
44441
44442
44443
44444
44445
44446
44447
44448
44449
44450
44451
44452
44453
44454
44455
44456
44457
44458
44459
44460
44461
44462
44463
44464
44465
44466
44467
44468
44469
44470
44471
44472
44473
44474
44475
44476
44477
44478
44479
44480
44481
44482
44483
44484
44485
44486
44487
44488
44489
44490
44491
44492
44493
44494
44495
44496
44497
44498
44499
44500
44501
44502
44503
44504
44505
44506
44507
44508
44509
44510
44511
44512
44513
44514
44515
44516
44517
44518
44519
44520
44521
44522
44523
44524
44525
44526
44527
44528
44529
44530
44531
44532
44533
44534
44535
44536
44537
44538
44539
44540
44541
44542
44543
44544
44545
44546
44547
44548
44549
44550
44551
44552
44553
44554
44555
44556
44557
44558
44559
44560
44561
44562
44563
44564
44565
44566
44567
44568
44569
44570
44571
44572
44573
44574
44575
44576
44577
44578
44579
44580
44581
44582
44583
44584
44585
44586
44587
44588
44589
44590
44591
44592
44593
44594
44595
44596
44597
44598
44599
44600
44601
44602
44603
44604
44605
44606
44607
44608
44609
44610
44611
44612
44613
44614
44615
44616
44617
44618
44619
44620
44621
44622
44623
44624
44625
44626
44627
44628
44629
44630
44631
44632
44633
44634
44635
44636
44637
44638
44639
44640
44641
44642
44643
44644
44645
44646
44647
44648
44649
44650
44651
44652
44653
44654
44655
44656
44657
44658
44659
44660
44661
44662
44663
44664
44665
44666
44667
44668
44669
44670
44671
44672
44673
44674
44675
44676
44677
44678
44679
44680
44681
44682
44683
44684
44685
44686
44687
44688
44689
44690
44691
44692
44693
44694
44695
44696
44697
44698
44699
44700
44701
44702
44703
44704
44705
44706
44707
44708
44709
44710
44711
44712
44713
44714
44715
44716
44717
44718
44719
44720
44721
44722
44723
44724
44725
44726
44727
44728
44729
44730
44731
44732
44733
44734
44735
44736
44737
44738
44739
44740
44741
44742
44743
44744
44745
44746
44747
44748
44749
44750
44751
44752
44753
44754
44755
44756
44757
44758
44759
44760
44761
44762
44763
44764
44765
44766
44767
44768
44769
44770
44771
44772
44773
44774
44775
44776
44777
44778
44779
44780
44781
44782
44783
44784
44785
44786
44787
44788
44789
44790
44791
44792
44793
44794
44795
44796
44797
44798
44799
44800
44801
44802
44803
44804
44805
44806
44807
44808
44809
44810
44811
44812
44813
44814
44815
44816
44817
44818
44819
44820
44821
44822
44823
44824
44825
44826
44827
44828
44829
44830
44831
44832
44833
44834
44835
44836
44837
44838
44839
44840
44841
44842
44843
44844
44845
44846
44847
44848
44849
44850
44851
44852
44853
44854
44855
44856
44857
44858
44859
44860
44861
44862
44863
44864
44865
44866
44867
44868
44869
44870
44871
44872
44873
44874
44875
44876
44877
44878
44879
44880
44881
44882
44883
44884
44885
44886
44887
44888
44889
44890
44891
44892
44893
44894
44895
44896
44897
44898
44899
44900
44901
44902
44903
44904
44905
44906
44907
44908
44909
44910
44911
44912
44913
44914
44915
44916
44917
44918
44919
44920
44921
44922
44923
44924
44925
44926
44927
44928
44929
44930
44931
44932
44933
44934
44935
44936
44937
44938
44939
44940
44941
44942
44943
44944
44945
44946
44947
44948
44949
44950
44951
44952
44953
44954
44955
44956
44957
44958
44959
44960
44961
44962
44963
44964
44965
44966
44967
44968
44969
44970
44971
44972
44973
44974
44975
44976
44977
44978
44979
44980
44981
44982
44983
44984
44985
44986
44987
44988
44989
44990
44991
44992
44993
44994
44995
44996
44997
44998
44999
45000
45001
45002
45003
45004
45005
45006
45007
45008
45009
45010
45011
45012
45013
45014
45015
45016
45017
45018
45019
45020
45021
45022
45023
45024
45025
45026
45027
45028
45029
45030
45031
45032
45033
45034
45035
45036
45037
45038
45039
45040
45041
45042
45043
45044
45045
45046
45047
45048
45049
45050
45051
45052
45053
45054
45055
45056
45057
45058
45059
45060
45061
45062
45063
45064
45065
45066
45067
45068
45069
45070
45071
45072
45073
45074
45075
45076
45077
45078
45079
45080
45081
45082
45083
45084
45085
45086
45087
45088
45089
45090
45091
45092
45093
45094
45095
45096
45097
45098
45099
45100
45101
45102
45103
45104
45105
45106
45107
45108
45109
45110
45111
45112
45113
45114
45115
45116
45117
45118
45119
45120
45121
45122
45123
45124
45125
45126
45127
45128
45129
45130
45131
45132
45133
45134
45135
45136
45137
45138
45139
45140
45141
45142
45143
45144
45145
45146
45147
45148
45149
45150
45151
45152
45153
45154
45155
45156
45157
45158
45159
45160
45161
45162
45163
45164
45165
45166
45167
45168
45169
45170
45171
45172
45173
45174
45175
45176
45177
45178
45179
45180
45181
45182
45183
45184
45185
45186
45187
45188
45189
45190
45191
45192
45193
45194
45195
45196
45197
45198
45199
45200
45201
45202
45203
45204
45205
45206
45207
45208
45209
45210
45211
45212
45213
45214
45215
45216
45217
45218
45219
45220
45221
45222
45223
45224
45225
45226
45227
45228
45229
45230
45231
45232
45233
45234
45235
45236
45237
45238
45239
45240
45241
45242
45243
45244
45245
45246
45247
45248
45249
45250
45251
45252
45253
45254
45255
45256
45257
45258
45259
45260
45261
45262
45263
45264
45265
45266
45267
45268
45269
45270
45271
45272
45273
45274
45275
45276
45277
45278
45279
45280
45281
45282
45283
45284
45285
45286
45287
45288
45289
45290
45291
45292
45293
45294
45295
45296
45297
45298
45299
45300
45301
45302
45303
45304
45305
45306
45307
45308
45309
45310
45311
45312
45313
45314
45315
45316
45317
45318
45319
45320
45321
45322
45323
45324
45325
45326
45327
45328
45329
45330
45331
45332
45333
45334
45335
45336
45337
45338
45339
45340
45341
45342
45343
45344
45345
45346
45347
45348
45349
45350
45351
45352
45353
45354
45355
45356
45357
45358
45359
45360
45361
45362
45363
45364
45365
45366
45367
45368
45369
45370
45371
45372
45373
45374
45375
45376
45377
45378
45379
45380
45381
45382
45383
45384
45385
45386
45387
45388
45389
45390
45391
45392
45393
45394
45395
45396
45397
45398
45399
45400
45401
45402
45403
45404
45405
45406
45407
45408
45409
45410
45411
45412
45413
45414
45415
45416
45417
45418
45419
45420
45421
45422
45423
45424
45425
45426
45427
45428
45429
45430
45431
45432
45433
45434
45435
45436
45437
45438
45439
45440
45441
45442
45443
45444
45445
45446
45447
45448
45449
45450
45451
45452
45453
45454
45455
45456
45457
45458
45459
45460
45461
45462
45463
45464
45465
45466
45467
45468
45469
45470
45471
45472
45473
45474
45475
45476
45477
45478
45479
45480
45481
45482
45483
45484
45485
45486
45487
45488
45489
45490
45491
45492
45493
45494
45495
45496
45497
45498
45499
45500
45501
45502
45503
45504
45505
45506
45507
45508
45509
45510
45511
45512
45513
45514
45515
45516
45517
45518
45519
45520
45521
45522
45523
45524
45525
45526
45527
45528
45529
45530
45531
45532
45533
45534
45535
45536
45537
45538
45539
45540
45541
45542
45543
45544
45545
45546
45547
45548
45549
45550
45551
45552
45553
45554
45555
45556
45557
45558
45559
45560
45561
45562
45563
45564
45565
45566
45567
45568
45569
45570
45571
45572
45573
45574
45575
45576
45577
45578
45579
45580
45581
45582
45583
45584
45585
45586
45587
45588
45589
45590
45591
45592
45593
45594
45595
45596
45597
45598
45599
45600
45601
45602
45603
45604
45605
45606
45607
45608
45609
45610
45611
45612
45613
45614
45615
45616
45617
45618
45619
45620
45621
45622
45623
45624
45625
45626
45627
45628
45629
45630
45631
45632
45633
45634
45635
45636
45637
45638
45639
45640
45641
45642
45643
45644
45645
45646
45647
45648
45649
45650
45651
45652
45653
45654
45655
45656
45657
45658
45659
45660
45661
45662
45663
45664
45665
45666
45667
45668
45669
45670
45671
45672
45673
45674
45675
45676
45677
45678
45679
45680
45681
45682
45683
45684
45685
45686
45687
45688
45689
45690
45691
45692
45693
45694
45695
45696
45697
45698
45699
45700
45701
45702
45703
45704
45705
45706
45707
45708
45709
45710
45711
45712
45713
45714
45715
45716
45717
45718
45719
45720
45721
45722
45723
45724
45725
45726
45727
45728
45729
45730
45731
45732
45733
45734
45735
45736
45737
45738
45739
45740
45741
45742
45743
45744
45745
45746
45747
45748
45749
45750
45751
45752
45753
45754
45755
45756
45757
45758
45759
45760
45761
45762
45763
45764
45765
45766
45767
45768
45769
45770
45771
45772
45773
45774
45775
45776
45777
45778
45779
45780
45781
45782
45783
45784
45785
45786
45787
45788
45789
45790
45791
45792
45793
45794
45795
45796
45797
45798
45799
45800
45801
45802
45803
45804
45805
45806
45807
45808
45809
45810
45811
45812
45813
45814
45815
45816
45817
45818
45819
45820
45821
45822
45823
45824
45825
45826
45827
45828
45829
45830
45831
45832
45833
45834
45835
45836
45837
45838
45839
45840
45841
45842
45843
45844
45845
45846
45847
45848
45849
45850
45851
45852
45853
45854
45855
45856
45857
45858
45859
45860
45861
45862
45863
45864
45865
45866
45867
45868
45869
45870
45871
45872
45873
45874
45875
45876
45877
45878
45879
45880
45881
45882
45883
45884
45885
45886
45887
45888
45889
45890
45891
45892
45893
45894
45895
45896
45897
45898
45899
45900
45901
45902
45903
45904
45905
45906
45907
45908
45909
45910
45911
45912
45913
45914
45915
45916
45917
45918
45919
45920
45921
45922
45923
45924
45925
45926
45927
45928
45929
45930
45931
45932
45933
45934
45935
45936
45937
45938
45939
45940
45941
45942
45943
45944
45945
45946
45947
45948
45949
45950
45951
45952
45953
45954
45955
45956
45957
45958
45959
45960
45961
45962
45963
45964
45965
45966
45967
45968
45969
45970
45971
45972
45973
45974
45975
45976
45977
45978
45979
45980
45981
45982
45983
45984
45985
45986
45987
45988
45989
45990
45991
45992
45993
45994
45995
45996
45997
45998
45999
46000
46001
46002
46003
46004
46005
46006
46007
46008
46009
46010
46011
46012
46013
46014
46015
46016
46017
46018
46019
46020
46021
46022
46023
46024
46025
46026
46027
46028
46029
46030
46031
46032
46033
46034
46035
46036
46037
46038
46039
46040
46041
46042
46043
46044
46045
46046
46047
46048
46049
46050
46051
46052
46053
46054
46055
46056
46057
46058
46059
46060
46061
46062
46063
46064
46065
46066
46067
46068
46069
46070
46071
46072
46073
46074
46075
46076
46077
46078
46079
46080
46081
46082
46083
46084
46085
46086
46087
46088
46089
46090
46091
46092
46093
46094
46095
46096
46097
46098
46099
46100
46101
46102
46103
46104
46105
46106
46107
46108
46109
46110
46111
46112
46113
46114
46115
46116
46117
46118
46119
46120
46121
46122
46123
46124
46125
46126
46127
46128
46129
46130
46131
46132
46133
46134
46135
46136
46137
46138
46139
46140
46141
46142
46143
46144
46145
46146
46147
46148
46149
46150
46151
46152
46153
46154
46155
46156
46157
46158
46159
46160
46161
46162
46163
46164
46165
46166
46167
46168
46169
46170
46171
46172
46173
46174
46175
46176
46177
46178
46179
46180
46181
46182
46183
46184
46185
46186
46187
46188
46189
46190
46191
46192
46193
46194
46195
46196
46197
46198
46199
46200
46201
46202
46203
46204
46205
46206
46207
46208
46209
46210
46211
46212
46213
46214
46215
46216
46217
46218
46219
46220
46221
46222
46223
46224
46225
46226
46227
46228
46229
46230
46231
46232
46233
46234
46235
46236
46237
46238
46239
46240
46241
46242
46243
46244
46245
46246
46247
46248
46249
46250
46251
46252
46253
46254
46255
46256
46257
46258
46259
46260
46261
46262
46263
46264
46265
46266
46267
46268
46269
46270
46271
46272
46273
46274
46275
46276
46277
46278
46279
46280
46281
46282
46283
46284
46285
46286
46287
46288
46289
46290
46291
46292
46293
46294
46295
46296
46297
46298
46299
46300
46301
46302
46303
46304
46305
46306
46307
46308
46309
46310
46311
46312
46313
46314
46315
46316
46317
46318
46319
46320
46321
46322
46323
46324
46325
46326
46327
46328
46329
46330
46331
46332
46333
46334
46335
46336
46337
46338
46339
46340
46341
46342
46343
46344
46345
46346
46347
46348
46349
46350
46351
46352
46353
46354
46355
46356
46357
46358
46359
46360
46361
46362
46363
46364
46365
46366
46367
46368
46369
46370
46371
46372
46373
46374
46375
46376
46377
46378
46379
46380
46381
46382
46383
46384
46385
46386
46387
46388
46389
46390
46391
46392
46393
46394
46395
46396
46397
46398
46399
46400
46401
46402
46403
46404
46405
46406
46407
46408
46409
46410
46411
46412
46413
46414
46415
46416
46417
46418
46419
46420
46421
46422
46423
46424
46425
46426
46427
46428
46429
46430
46431
46432
46433
46434
46435
46436
46437
46438
46439
46440
46441
46442
46443
46444
46445
46446
46447
46448
46449
46450
46451
46452
46453
46454
46455
46456
46457
46458
46459
46460
46461
46462
46463
46464
46465
46466
46467
46468
46469
46470
46471
46472
46473
46474
46475
46476
46477
46478
46479
46480
46481
46482
46483
46484
46485
46486
46487
46488
46489
46490
46491
46492
46493
46494
46495
46496
46497
46498
46499
46500
46501
46502
46503
46504
46505
46506
46507
46508
46509
46510
46511
46512
46513
46514
46515
46516
46517
46518
46519
46520
46521
46522
46523
46524
46525
46526
46527
46528
46529
46530
46531
46532
46533
46534
46535
46536
46537
46538
46539
46540
46541
46542
46543
46544
46545
46546
46547
46548
46549
46550
46551
46552
46553
46554
46555
46556
46557
46558
46559
46560
46561
46562
46563
46564
46565
46566
46567
46568
46569
46570
46571
46572
46573
46574
46575
46576
46577
46578
46579
46580
46581
46582
46583
46584
46585
46586
46587
46588
46589
46590
46591
46592
46593
46594
46595
46596
46597
46598
46599
46600
46601
46602
46603
46604
46605
46606
46607
46608
46609
46610
46611
46612
46613
46614
46615
46616
46617
46618
46619
46620
46621
46622
46623
46624
46625
46626
46627
46628
46629
46630
46631
46632
46633
46634
46635
46636
46637
46638
46639
46640
46641
46642
46643
46644
46645
46646
46647
46648
46649
46650
46651
46652
46653
46654
46655
46656
46657
46658
46659
46660
46661
46662
46663
46664
46665
46666
46667
46668
46669
46670
46671
46672
46673
46674
46675
46676
46677
46678
46679
46680
46681
46682
46683
46684
46685
46686
46687
46688
46689
46690
46691
46692
46693
46694
46695
46696
46697
46698
46699
46700
46701
46702
46703
46704
46705
46706
46707
46708
46709
46710
46711
46712
46713
46714
46715
46716
46717
46718
46719
46720
46721
46722
46723
46724
46725
46726
46727
46728
46729
46730
46731
46732
46733
46734
46735
46736
46737
46738
46739
46740
46741
46742
46743
46744
46745
46746
46747
46748
46749
46750
46751
46752
46753
46754
46755
46756
46757
46758
46759
46760
46761
46762
46763
46764
46765
46766
46767
46768
46769
46770
46771
46772
46773
46774
46775
46776
46777
46778
46779
46780
46781
46782
46783
46784
46785
46786
46787
46788
46789
46790
46791
46792
46793
46794
46795
46796
46797
46798
46799
46800
46801
46802
46803
46804
46805
46806
46807
46808
46809
46810
46811
46812
46813
46814
46815
46816
46817
46818
46819
46820
46821
46822
46823
46824
46825
46826
46827
46828
46829
46830
46831
46832
46833
46834
46835
46836
46837
46838
46839
46840
46841
46842
46843
46844
46845
46846
46847
46848
46849
46850
46851
46852
46853
46854
46855
46856
46857
46858
46859
46860
46861
46862
46863
46864
46865
46866
46867
46868
46869
46870
46871
46872
46873
46874
46875
46876
46877
46878
46879
46880
46881
46882
46883
46884
46885
46886
46887
46888
46889
46890
46891
46892
46893
46894
46895
46896
46897
46898
46899
46900
46901
46902
46903
46904
46905
46906
46907
46908
46909
46910
46911
46912
46913
46914
46915
46916
46917
46918
46919
46920
46921
46922
46923
46924
46925
46926
46927
46928
46929
46930
46931
46932
46933
46934
46935
46936
46937
46938
46939
46940
46941
46942
46943
46944
46945
46946
46947
46948
46949
46950
46951
46952
46953
46954
46955
46956
46957
46958
46959
46960
46961
46962
46963
46964
46965
46966
46967
46968
46969
46970
46971
46972
46973
46974
46975
46976
46977
46978
46979
46980
46981
46982
46983
46984
46985
46986
46987
46988
46989
46990
46991
46992
46993
46994
46995
46996
46997
46998
46999
47000
47001
47002
47003
47004
47005
47006
47007
47008
47009
47010
47011
47012
47013
47014
47015
47016
47017
47018
47019
47020
47021
47022
47023
47024
47025
47026
47027
47028
47029
47030
47031
47032
47033
47034
47035
47036
47037
47038
47039
47040
47041
47042
47043
47044
47045
47046
47047
47048
47049
47050
47051
47052
47053
47054
47055
47056
47057
47058
47059
47060
47061
47062
47063
47064
47065
47066
47067
47068
47069
47070
47071
47072
47073
47074
47075
47076
47077
47078
47079
47080
47081
47082
47083
47084
47085
47086
47087
47088
47089
47090
47091
47092
47093
47094
47095
47096
47097
47098
47099
47100
47101
47102
47103
47104
47105
47106
47107
47108
47109
47110
47111
47112
47113
47114
47115
47116
47117
47118
47119
47120
47121
47122
47123
47124
47125
47126
47127
47128
47129
47130
47131
47132
47133
47134
47135
47136
47137
47138
47139
47140
47141
47142
47143
47144
47145
47146
47147
47148
47149
47150
47151
47152
47153
47154
47155
47156
47157
47158
47159
47160
47161
47162
47163
47164
47165
47166
47167
47168
47169
47170
47171
47172
47173
47174
47175
47176
47177
47178
47179
47180
47181
47182
47183
47184
47185
47186
47187
47188
47189
47190
47191
47192
47193
47194
47195
47196
47197
47198
47199
47200
47201
47202
47203
47204
47205
47206
47207
47208
47209
47210
47211
47212
47213
47214
47215
47216
47217
47218
47219
47220
47221
47222
47223
47224
47225
47226
47227
47228
47229
47230
47231
47232
47233
47234
47235
47236
47237
47238
47239
47240
47241
47242
47243
47244
47245
47246
47247
47248
47249
47250
47251
47252
47253
47254
47255
47256
47257
47258
47259
47260
47261
47262
47263
47264
47265
47266
47267
47268
47269
47270
47271
47272
47273
47274
47275
47276
47277
47278
47279
47280
47281
47282
47283
47284
47285
47286
47287
47288
47289
47290
47291
47292
47293
47294
47295
47296
47297
47298
47299
47300
47301
47302
47303
47304
47305
47306
47307
47308
47309
47310
47311
47312
47313
47314
47315
47316
47317
47318
47319
47320
47321
47322
47323
47324
47325
47326
47327
47328
47329
47330
47331
47332
47333
47334
47335
47336
47337
47338
47339
47340
47341
47342
47343
47344
47345
47346
47347
47348
47349
47350
47351
47352
47353
47354
47355
47356
47357
47358
47359
47360
47361
47362
47363
47364
47365
47366
47367
47368
47369
47370
47371
47372
47373
47374
47375
47376
47377
47378
47379
47380
47381
47382
47383
47384
47385
47386
47387
47388
47389
47390
47391
47392
47393
47394
47395
47396
47397
47398
47399
47400
47401
47402
47403
47404
47405
47406
47407
47408
47409
47410
47411
47412
47413
47414
47415
47416
47417
47418
47419
47420
47421
47422
47423
47424
47425
47426
47427
47428
47429
47430
47431
47432
47433
47434
47435
47436
47437
47438
47439
47440
47441
47442
47443
47444
47445
47446
47447
47448
47449
47450
47451
47452
47453
47454
47455
47456
47457
47458
47459
47460
47461
47462
47463
47464
47465
47466
47467
47468
47469
47470
47471
47472
47473
47474
47475
47476
47477
47478
47479
47480
47481
47482
47483
47484
47485
47486
47487
47488
47489
47490
47491
47492
47493
47494
47495
47496
47497
47498
47499
47500
47501
47502
47503
47504
47505
47506
47507
47508
47509
47510
47511
47512
47513
47514
47515
47516
47517
47518
47519
47520
47521
47522
47523
47524
47525
47526
47527
47528
47529
47530
47531
47532
47533
47534
47535
47536
47537
47538
47539
47540
47541
47542
47543
47544
47545
47546
47547
47548
47549
47550
47551
47552
47553
47554
47555
47556
47557
47558
47559
47560
47561
47562
47563
47564
47565
47566
47567
47568
47569
47570
47571
47572
47573
47574
47575
47576
47577
47578
47579
47580
47581
47582
47583
47584
47585
47586
47587
47588
47589
47590
47591
47592
47593
47594
47595
47596
47597
47598
47599
47600
47601
47602
47603
47604
47605
47606
47607
47608
47609
47610
47611
47612
47613
47614
47615
47616
47617
47618
47619
47620
47621
47622
47623
47624
47625
47626
47627
47628
47629
47630
47631
47632
47633
47634
47635
47636
47637
47638
47639
47640
47641
47642
47643
47644
47645
47646
47647
47648
47649
47650
47651
47652
47653
47654
47655
47656
47657
47658
47659
47660
47661
47662
47663
47664
47665
47666
47667
47668
47669
47670
47671
47672
47673
47674
47675
47676
47677
47678
47679
47680
47681
47682
47683
47684
47685
47686
47687
47688
47689
47690
47691
47692
47693
47694
47695
47696
47697
47698
47699
47700
47701
47702
47703
47704
47705
47706
47707
47708
47709
47710
47711
47712
47713
47714
47715
47716
47717
47718
47719
47720
47721
47722
47723
47724
47725
47726
47727
47728
47729
47730
47731
47732
47733
47734
47735
47736
47737
47738
47739
47740
47741
47742
47743
47744
47745
47746
47747
47748
47749
47750
47751
47752
47753
47754
47755
47756
47757
47758
47759
47760
47761
47762
47763
47764
47765
47766
47767
47768
47769
47770
47771
47772
47773
47774
47775
47776
47777
47778
47779
47780
47781
47782
47783
47784
47785
47786
47787
47788
47789
47790
47791
47792
47793
47794
47795
47796
47797
47798
47799
47800
47801
47802
47803
47804
47805
47806
47807
47808
47809
47810
47811
47812
47813
47814
47815
47816
47817
47818
47819
47820
47821
47822
47823
47824
47825
47826
47827
47828
47829
47830
47831
47832
47833
47834
47835
47836
47837
47838
47839
47840
47841
47842
47843
47844
47845
47846
47847
47848
47849
47850
47851
47852
47853
47854
47855
47856
47857
47858
47859
47860
47861
47862
47863
47864
47865
47866
47867
47868
47869
47870
47871
47872
47873
47874
47875
47876
47877
47878
47879
47880
47881
47882
47883
47884
47885
47886
47887
47888
47889
47890
47891
47892
47893
47894
47895
47896
47897
47898
47899
47900
47901
47902
47903
47904
47905
47906
47907
47908
47909
47910
47911
47912
47913
47914
47915
47916
47917
47918
47919
47920
47921
47922
47923
47924
47925
47926
47927
47928
47929
47930
47931
47932
47933
47934
47935
47936
47937
47938
47939
47940
47941
47942
47943
47944
47945
47946
47947
47948
47949
47950
47951
47952
47953
47954
47955
47956
47957
47958
47959
47960
47961
47962
47963
47964
47965
47966
47967
47968
47969
47970
47971
47972
47973
47974
47975
47976
47977
47978
47979
47980
47981
47982
47983
47984
47985
47986
47987
47988
47989
47990
47991
47992
47993
47994
47995
47996
47997
47998
47999
48000
48001
48002
48003
48004
48005
48006
48007
48008
48009
48010
48011
48012
48013
48014
48015
48016
48017
48018
48019
48020
48021
48022
48023
48024
48025
48026
48027
48028
48029
48030
48031
48032
48033
48034
48035
48036
48037
48038
48039
48040
48041
48042
48043
48044
48045
48046
48047
48048
48049
48050
48051
48052
48053
48054
48055
48056
48057
48058
48059
48060
48061
48062
48063
48064
48065
48066
48067
48068
48069
48070
48071
48072
48073
48074
48075
48076
48077
48078
48079
48080
48081
48082
48083
48084
48085
48086
48087
48088
48089
48090
48091
48092
48093
48094
48095
48096
48097
48098
48099
48100
48101
48102
48103
48104
48105
48106
48107
48108
48109
48110
48111
48112
48113
48114
48115
48116
48117
48118
48119
48120
48121
48122
48123
48124
48125
48126
48127
48128
48129
48130
48131
48132
48133
48134
48135
48136
48137
48138
48139
48140
48141
48142
48143
48144
48145
48146
48147
48148
48149
48150
48151
48152
48153
48154
48155
48156
48157
48158
48159
48160
48161
48162
48163
48164
48165
48166
48167
48168
48169
48170
48171
48172
48173
48174
48175
48176
48177
48178
48179
48180
48181
48182
48183
48184
48185
48186
48187
48188
48189
48190
48191
48192
48193
48194
48195
48196
48197
48198
48199
48200
48201
48202
48203
48204
48205
48206
48207
48208
48209
48210
48211
48212
48213
48214
48215
48216
48217
48218
48219
48220
48221
48222
48223
48224
48225
48226
48227
48228
48229
48230
48231
48232
48233
48234
48235
48236
48237
48238
48239
48240
48241
48242
48243
48244
48245
48246
48247
48248
48249
48250
48251
48252
48253
48254
48255
48256
48257
48258
48259
48260
48261
48262
48263
48264
48265
48266
48267
48268
48269
48270
48271
48272
48273
48274
48275
48276
48277
48278
48279
48280
48281
48282
48283
48284
48285
48286
48287
48288
48289
48290
48291
48292
48293
48294
48295
48296
48297
48298
48299
48300
48301
48302
48303
48304
48305
48306
48307
48308
48309
48310
48311
48312
48313
48314
48315
48316
48317
48318
48319
48320
48321
48322
48323
48324
48325
48326
48327
48328
48329
48330
48331
48332
48333
48334
48335
48336
48337
48338
48339
48340
48341
48342
48343
48344
48345
48346
48347
48348
48349
48350
48351
48352
48353
48354
48355
48356
48357
48358
48359
48360
48361
48362
48363
48364
48365
48366
48367
48368
48369
48370
48371
48372
48373
48374
48375
48376
48377
48378
48379
48380
48381
48382
48383
48384
48385
48386
48387
48388
48389
48390
48391
48392
48393
48394
48395
48396
48397
48398
48399
48400
48401
48402
48403
48404
48405
48406
48407
48408
48409
48410
48411
48412
48413
48414
48415
48416
48417
48418
48419
48420
48421
48422
48423
48424
48425
48426
48427
48428
48429
48430
48431
48432
48433
48434
48435
48436
48437
48438
48439
48440
48441
48442
48443
48444
48445
48446
48447
48448
48449
48450
48451
48452
48453
48454
48455
48456
48457
48458
48459
48460
48461
48462
48463
48464
48465
48466
48467
48468
48469
48470
48471
48472
48473
48474
48475
48476
48477
48478
48479
48480
48481
48482
48483
48484
48485
48486
48487
48488
48489
48490
48491
48492
48493
48494
48495
48496
48497
48498
48499
48500
48501
48502
48503
48504
48505
48506
48507
48508
48509
48510
48511
48512
48513
48514
48515
48516
48517
48518
48519
48520
48521
48522
48523
48524
48525
48526
48527
48528
48529
48530
48531
48532
48533
48534
48535
48536
48537
48538
48539
48540
48541
48542
48543
48544
48545
48546
48547
48548
48549
48550
48551
48552
48553
48554
48555
48556
48557
48558
48559
48560
48561
48562
48563
48564
48565
48566
48567
48568
48569
48570
48571
48572
48573
48574
48575
48576
48577
48578
48579
48580
48581
48582
48583
48584
48585
48586
48587
48588
48589
48590
48591
48592
48593
48594
48595
48596
48597
48598
48599
48600
48601
48602
48603
48604
48605
48606
48607
48608
48609
48610
48611
48612
48613
48614
48615
48616
48617
48618
48619
48620
48621
48622
48623
48624
48625
48626
48627
48628
48629
48630
48631
48632
48633
48634
48635
48636
48637
48638
48639
48640
48641
48642
48643
48644
48645
48646
48647
48648
48649
48650
48651
48652
48653
48654
48655
48656
48657
48658
48659
48660
48661
48662
48663
48664
48665
48666
48667
48668
48669
48670
48671
48672
48673
48674
48675
48676
48677
48678
48679
48680
48681
48682
48683
48684
48685
48686
48687
48688
48689
48690
48691
48692
48693
48694
48695
48696
48697
48698
48699
48700
48701
48702
48703
48704
48705
48706
48707
48708
48709
48710
48711
48712
48713
48714
48715
48716
48717
48718
48719
48720
48721
48722
48723
48724
48725
48726
48727
48728
48729
48730
48731
48732
48733
48734
48735
48736
48737
48738
48739
48740
48741
48742
48743
48744
48745
48746
48747
48748
48749
48750
48751
48752
48753
48754
48755
48756
48757
48758
48759
48760
48761
48762
48763
48764
48765
48766
48767
48768
48769
48770
48771
48772
48773
48774
48775
48776
48777
48778
48779
48780
48781
48782
48783
48784
48785
48786
48787
48788
48789
48790
48791
48792
48793
48794
48795
48796
48797
48798
48799
48800
48801
48802
48803
48804
48805
48806
48807
48808
48809
48810
48811
48812
48813
48814
48815
48816
48817
48818
48819
48820
48821
48822
48823
48824
48825
48826
48827
48828
48829
48830
48831
48832
48833
48834
48835
48836
48837
48838
48839
48840
48841
48842
48843
48844
48845
48846
48847
48848
48849
48850
48851
48852
48853
48854
48855
48856
48857
48858
48859
48860
48861
48862
48863
48864
48865
48866
48867
48868
48869
48870
48871
48872
48873
48874
48875
48876
48877
48878
48879
48880
48881
48882
48883
48884
48885
48886
48887
48888
48889
48890
48891
48892
48893
48894
48895
48896
48897
48898
48899
48900
48901
48902
48903
48904
48905
48906
48907
48908
48909
48910
48911
48912
48913
48914
48915
48916
48917
48918
48919
48920
48921
48922
48923
48924
48925
48926
48927
48928
48929
48930
48931
48932
48933
48934
48935
48936
48937
48938
48939
48940
48941
48942
48943
48944
48945
48946
48947
48948
48949
48950
48951
48952
48953
48954
48955
48956
48957
48958
48959
48960
48961
48962
48963
48964
48965
48966
48967
48968
48969
48970
48971
48972
48973
48974
48975
48976
48977
48978
48979
48980
48981
48982
48983
48984
48985
48986
48987
48988
48989
48990
48991
48992
48993
48994
48995
48996
48997
48998
48999
49000
49001
49002
49003
49004
49005
49006
49007
49008
49009
49010
49011
49012
49013
49014
49015
49016
49017
49018
49019
49020
49021
49022
49023
49024
49025
49026
49027
49028
49029
49030
49031
49032
49033
49034
49035
49036
49037
49038
49039
49040
49041
49042
49043
49044
49045
49046
49047
49048
49049
49050
49051
49052
49053
49054
49055
49056
49057
49058
49059
49060
49061
49062
49063
49064
49065
49066
49067
49068
49069
49070
49071
49072
49073
49074
49075
49076
49077
49078
49079
49080
49081
49082
49083
49084
49085
49086
49087
49088
49089
49090
49091
49092
49093
49094
49095
49096
49097
49098
49099
49100
49101
49102
49103
49104
49105
49106
49107
49108
49109
49110
49111
49112
49113
49114
49115
49116
49117
49118
49119
49120
49121
49122
49123
49124
49125
49126
49127
49128
49129
49130
49131
49132
49133
49134
49135
49136
49137
49138
49139
49140
49141
49142
49143
49144
49145
49146
49147
49148
49149
49150
49151
49152
49153
49154
49155
49156
49157
49158
49159
49160
49161
49162
49163
49164
49165
49166
49167
49168
49169
49170
49171
49172
49173
49174
49175
49176
49177
49178
49179
49180
49181
49182
49183
49184
49185
49186
49187
49188
49189
49190
49191
49192
49193
49194
49195
49196
49197
49198
49199
49200
49201
49202
49203
49204
49205
49206
49207
49208
49209
49210
49211
49212
49213
49214
49215
49216
49217
49218
49219
49220
49221
49222
49223
49224
49225
49226
49227
49228
49229
49230
49231
49232
49233
49234
49235
49236
49237
49238
49239
49240
49241
49242
49243
49244
49245
49246
49247
49248
49249
49250
49251
49252
49253
49254
49255
49256
49257
49258
49259
49260
49261
49262
49263
49264
49265
49266
49267
49268
49269
49270
49271
49272
49273
49274
49275
49276
49277
49278
49279
49280
49281
49282
49283
49284
49285
49286
49287
49288
49289
49290
49291
49292
49293
49294
49295
49296
49297
49298
49299
49300
49301
49302
49303
49304
49305
49306
49307
49308
49309
49310
49311
49312
49313
49314
49315
49316
49317
49318
49319
49320
49321
49322
49323
49324
49325
49326
49327
49328
49329
49330
49331
49332
49333
49334
49335
49336
49337
49338
49339
49340
49341
49342
49343
49344
49345
49346
49347
49348
49349
49350
49351
49352
49353
49354
49355
49356
49357
49358
49359
49360
49361
49362
49363
49364
49365
49366
49367
49368
49369
49370
49371
49372
49373
49374
49375
49376
49377
49378
49379
49380
49381
49382
49383
49384
49385
49386
49387
49388
49389
49390
49391
49392
49393
49394
49395
49396
49397
49398
49399
49400
49401
49402
49403
49404
49405
49406
49407
49408
49409
49410
49411
49412
49413
49414
49415
49416
49417
49418
49419
49420
49421
49422
49423
49424
49425
49426
49427
49428
49429
49430
49431
49432
49433
49434
49435
49436
49437
49438
49439
49440
49441
49442
49443
49444
49445
49446
49447
49448
49449
49450
49451
49452
49453
49454
49455
49456
49457
49458
49459
49460
49461
49462
49463
49464
49465
49466
49467
49468
49469
49470
49471
49472
49473
49474
49475
49476
49477
49478
49479
49480
49481
49482
49483
49484
49485
49486
49487
49488
49489
49490
49491
49492
49493
49494
49495
49496
49497
49498
49499
49500
49501
49502
49503
49504
49505
49506
49507
49508
49509
49510
49511
49512
49513
49514
49515
49516
49517
49518
49519
49520
49521
49522
49523
49524
49525
49526
49527
49528
49529
49530
49531
49532
49533
49534
49535
49536
49537
49538
49539
49540
49541
49542
49543
49544
49545
49546
49547
49548
49549
49550
49551
49552
49553
49554
49555
49556
49557
49558
49559
49560
49561
49562
49563
49564
49565
49566
49567
49568
49569
49570
49571
49572
49573
49574
49575
49576
49577
49578
49579
49580
49581
49582
49583
49584
49585
49586
49587
49588
49589
49590
49591
49592
49593
49594
49595
49596
49597
49598
49599
49600
49601
49602
49603
49604
49605
49606
49607
49608
49609
49610
49611
49612
49613
49614
49615
49616
49617
49618
49619
49620
49621
49622
49623
49624
49625
49626
49627
49628
49629
49630
49631
49632
49633
49634
49635
49636
49637
49638
49639
49640
49641
49642
49643
49644
49645
49646
49647
49648
49649
49650
49651
49652
49653
49654
49655
49656
49657
49658
49659
49660
49661
49662
49663
49664
49665
49666
49667
49668
49669
49670
49671
49672
49673
49674
49675
49676
49677
49678
49679
49680
49681
49682
49683
49684
49685
49686
49687
49688
49689
49690
49691
49692
49693
49694
49695
49696
49697
49698
49699
49700
49701
49702
49703
49704
49705
49706
49707
49708
49709
49710
49711
49712
49713
49714
49715
49716
49717
49718
49719
49720
49721
49722
49723
49724
49725
49726
49727
49728
49729
49730
49731
49732
49733
49734
49735
49736
49737
49738
49739
49740
49741
49742
49743
49744
49745
49746
49747
49748
49749
49750
49751
49752
49753
49754
49755
49756
49757
49758
49759
49760
49761
49762
49763
49764
49765
49766
49767
49768
49769
49770
49771
49772
49773
49774
49775
49776
49777
49778
49779
49780
49781
49782
49783
49784
49785
49786
49787
49788
49789
49790
49791
49792
49793
49794
49795
49796
49797
49798
49799
49800
49801
49802
49803
49804
49805
49806
49807
49808
49809
49810
49811
49812
49813
49814
49815
49816
49817
49818
49819
49820
49821
49822
49823
49824
49825
49826
49827
49828
49829
49830
49831
49832
49833
49834
49835
49836
49837
49838
49839
49840
49841
49842
49843
49844
49845
49846
49847
49848
49849
49850
49851
49852
49853
49854
49855
49856
49857
49858
49859
49860
49861
49862
49863
49864
49865
49866
49867
49868
49869
49870
49871
49872
49873
49874
49875
49876
49877
49878
49879
49880
49881
49882
49883
49884
49885
49886
49887
49888
49889
49890
49891
49892
49893
49894
49895
49896
49897
49898
49899
49900
49901
49902
49903
49904
49905
49906
49907
49908
49909
49910
49911
49912
49913
49914
49915
49916
49917
49918
49919
49920
49921
49922
49923
49924
49925
49926
49927
49928
49929
49930
49931
49932
49933
49934
49935
49936
49937
49938
49939
49940
49941
49942
49943
49944
49945
49946
49947
49948
49949
49950
49951
49952
49953
49954
49955
49956
49957
49958
49959
49960
49961
49962
49963
49964
49965
49966
49967
49968
49969
49970
49971
49972
49973
49974
49975
49976
49977
49978
49979
49980
49981
49982
49983
49984
49985
49986
49987
49988
49989
49990
49991
49992
49993
49994
49995
49996
49997
49998
49999
50000
50001
50002
50003
50004
50005
50006
50007
50008
50009
50010
50011
50012
50013
50014
50015
50016
50017
50018
50019
50020
50021
50022
50023
50024
50025
50026
50027
50028
50029
50030
50031
50032
50033
50034
50035
50036
50037
50038
50039
50040
50041
50042
50043
50044
50045
50046
50047
50048
50049
50050
50051
50052
50053
50054
50055
50056
50057
50058
50059
50060
50061
50062
50063
50064
50065
50066
50067
50068
50069
50070
50071
50072
50073
50074
50075
50076
50077
50078
50079
50080
50081
50082
50083
50084
50085
50086
50087
50088
50089
50090
50091
50092
50093
50094
50095
50096
50097
50098
50099
50100
50101
50102
50103
50104
50105
50106
50107
50108
50109
50110
50111
50112
50113
50114
50115
50116
50117
50118
50119
50120
50121
50122
50123
50124
50125
50126
50127
50128
50129
50130
50131
50132
50133
50134
50135
50136
50137
50138
50139
50140
50141
50142
50143
50144
50145
50146
50147
50148
50149
50150
50151
50152
50153
50154
50155
50156
50157
50158
50159
50160
50161
50162
50163
50164
50165
50166
50167
50168
50169
50170
50171
50172
50173
50174
50175
50176
50177
50178
50179
50180
50181
50182
50183
50184
50185
50186
50187
50188
50189
50190
50191
50192
50193
50194
50195
50196
50197
50198
50199
50200
50201
50202
50203
50204
50205
50206
50207
50208
50209
50210
50211
50212
50213
50214
50215
50216
50217
50218
50219
50220
50221
50222
50223
50224
50225
50226
50227
50228
50229
50230
50231
50232
50233
50234
50235
50236
50237
50238
50239
50240
50241
50242
50243
50244
50245
50246
50247
50248
50249
50250
50251
50252
50253
50254
50255
50256
50257
50258
50259
50260
50261
50262
50263
50264
50265
50266
50267
50268
50269
50270
50271
50272
50273
50274
50275
50276
50277
50278
50279
50280
50281
50282
50283
50284
50285
50286
50287
50288
50289
50290
50291
50292
50293
50294
50295
50296
50297
50298
50299
50300
50301
50302
50303
50304
50305
50306
50307
50308
50309
50310
50311
50312
50313
50314
50315
50316
50317
50318
50319
50320
50321
50322
50323
50324
50325
50326
50327
50328
50329
50330
50331
50332
50333
50334
50335
50336
50337
50338
50339
50340
50341
50342
50343
50344
50345
50346
50347
50348
50349
50350
50351
50352
50353
50354
50355
50356
50357
50358
50359
50360
50361
50362
50363
50364
50365
50366
50367
50368
50369
50370
50371
50372
50373
50374
50375
50376
50377
50378
50379
50380
50381
50382
50383
50384
50385
50386
50387
50388
50389
50390
50391
50392
50393
50394
50395
50396
50397
50398
50399
50400
50401
50402
50403
50404
50405
50406
50407
50408
50409
50410
50411
50412
50413
50414
50415
50416
50417
50418
50419
50420
50421
50422
50423
50424
50425
50426
50427
50428
50429
50430
50431
50432
50433
50434
50435
50436
50437
50438
50439
50440
50441
50442
50443
50444
50445
50446
50447
50448
50449
50450
50451
50452
50453
50454
50455
50456
50457
50458
50459
50460
50461
50462
50463
50464
50465
50466
50467
50468
50469
50470
50471
50472
50473
50474
50475
50476
50477
50478
50479
50480
50481
50482
50483
50484
50485
50486
50487
50488
50489
50490
50491
50492
50493
50494
50495
50496
50497
50498
50499
50500
50501
50502
50503
50504
50505
50506
50507
50508
50509
50510
50511
50512
50513
50514
50515
50516
50517
50518
50519
50520
50521
50522
50523
50524
50525
50526
50527
50528
50529
50530
50531
50532
50533
50534
50535
50536
50537
50538
50539
50540
50541
50542
50543
50544
50545
50546
50547
50548
50549
50550
50551
50552
50553
50554
50555
50556
50557
50558
50559
50560
50561
50562
50563
50564
50565
50566
50567
50568
50569
50570
50571
50572
50573
50574
50575
50576
50577
50578
50579
50580
50581
50582
50583
50584
50585
50586
50587
50588
50589
50590
50591
50592
50593
50594
50595
50596
50597
50598
50599
50600
50601
50602
50603
50604
50605
50606
50607
50608
50609
50610
50611
50612
50613
50614
50615
50616
50617
50618
50619
50620
50621
50622
50623
50624
50625
50626
50627
50628
50629
50630
50631
50632
50633
50634
50635
50636
50637
50638
50639
50640
50641
50642
50643
50644
50645
50646
50647
50648
50649
50650
50651
50652
50653
50654
50655
50656
50657
50658
50659
50660
50661
50662
50663
50664
50665
50666
50667
50668
50669
50670
50671
50672
50673
50674
50675
50676
50677
50678
50679
50680
50681
50682
50683
50684
50685
50686
50687
50688
50689
50690
50691
50692
50693
50694
50695
50696
50697
50698
50699
50700
50701
50702
50703
50704
50705
50706
50707
50708
50709
50710
50711
50712
50713
50714
50715
50716
50717
50718
50719
50720
50721
50722
50723
50724
50725
50726
50727
50728
50729
50730
50731
50732
50733
50734
50735
50736
50737
50738
50739
50740
50741
50742
50743
50744
50745
50746
50747
50748
50749
50750
50751
50752
50753
50754
50755
50756
50757
50758
50759
50760
50761
50762
50763
50764
50765
50766
50767
50768
50769
50770
50771
50772
50773
50774
50775
50776
50777
50778
50779
50780
50781
50782
50783
50784
50785
50786
50787
50788
50789
50790
50791
50792
50793
50794
50795
50796
50797
50798
50799
50800
50801
50802
50803
50804
50805
50806
50807
50808
50809
50810
50811
50812
50813
50814
50815
50816
50817
50818
50819
50820
50821
50822
50823
50824
50825
50826
50827
50828
50829
50830
50831
50832
50833
50834
50835
50836
50837
50838
50839
50840
50841
50842
50843
50844
50845
50846
50847
50848
50849
50850
50851
50852
50853
50854
50855
50856
50857
50858
50859
50860
50861
50862
50863
50864
50865
50866
50867
50868
50869
50870
50871
50872
50873
50874
50875
50876
50877
50878
50879
50880
50881
50882
50883
50884
50885
50886
50887
50888
50889
50890
50891
50892
50893
50894
50895
50896
50897
50898
50899
50900
50901
50902
50903
50904
50905
50906
50907
50908
50909
50910
50911
50912
50913
50914
50915
50916
50917
50918
50919
50920
50921
50922
50923
50924
50925
50926
50927
50928
50929
50930
50931
50932
50933
50934
50935
50936
50937
50938
50939
50940
50941
50942
50943
50944
50945
50946
50947
50948
50949
50950
50951
50952
50953
50954
50955
50956
50957
50958
50959
50960
50961
50962
50963
50964
50965
50966
50967
50968
50969
50970
50971
50972
50973
50974
50975
50976
50977
50978
50979
50980
50981
50982
50983
50984
50985
50986
50987
50988
50989
50990
50991
50992
50993
50994
50995
50996
50997
50998
50999
51000
51001
51002
51003
51004
51005
51006
51007
51008
51009
51010
51011
51012
51013
51014
51015
51016
51017
51018
51019
51020
51021
51022
51023
51024
51025
51026
51027
51028
51029
51030
51031
51032
51033
51034
51035
51036
51037
51038
51039
51040
51041
51042
51043
51044
51045
51046
51047
51048
51049
51050
51051
51052
51053
51054
51055
51056
51057
51058
51059
51060
51061
51062
51063
51064
51065
51066
51067
51068
51069
51070
51071
51072
51073
51074
51075
51076
51077
51078
51079
51080
51081
51082
51083
51084
51085
51086
51087
51088
51089
51090
51091
51092
51093
51094
51095
51096
51097
51098
51099
51100
51101
51102
51103
51104
51105
51106
51107
51108
51109
51110
51111
51112
51113
51114
51115
51116
51117
51118
51119
51120
51121
51122
51123
51124
51125
51126
51127
51128
51129
51130
51131
51132
51133
51134
51135
51136
51137
51138
51139
51140
51141
51142
51143
51144
51145
51146
51147
51148
51149
51150
51151
51152
51153
51154
51155
51156
51157
51158
51159
51160
51161
51162
51163
51164
51165
51166
51167
51168
51169
51170
51171
51172
51173
51174
51175
51176
51177
51178
51179
51180
51181
51182
51183
51184
51185
51186
51187
51188
51189
51190
51191
51192
51193
51194
51195
51196
51197
51198
51199
51200
51201
51202
51203
51204
51205
51206
51207
51208
51209
51210
51211
51212
51213
51214
51215
51216
51217
51218
51219
51220
51221
51222
51223
51224
51225
51226
51227
51228
51229
51230
51231
51232
51233
51234
51235
51236
51237
51238
51239
51240
51241
51242
51243
51244
51245
51246
51247
51248
51249
51250
51251
51252
51253
51254
51255
51256
51257
51258
51259
51260
51261
51262
51263
51264
51265
51266
51267
51268
51269
51270
51271
51272
51273
51274
51275
51276
51277
51278
51279
51280
51281
51282
51283
51284
51285
51286
51287
51288
51289
51290
51291
51292
51293
51294
51295
51296
51297
51298
51299
51300
51301
51302
51303
51304
51305
51306
51307
51308
51309
51310
51311
51312
51313
51314
51315
51316
51317
51318
51319
51320
51321
51322
51323
51324
51325
51326
51327
51328
51329
51330
51331
51332
51333
51334
51335
51336
51337
51338
51339
51340
51341
51342
51343
51344
51345
51346
51347
51348
51349
51350
51351
51352
51353
51354
51355
51356
51357
51358
51359
51360
51361
51362
51363
51364
51365
51366
51367
51368
51369
51370
51371
51372
51373
51374
51375
51376
51377
51378
51379
51380
51381
51382
51383
51384
51385
51386
51387
51388
51389
51390
51391
51392
51393
51394
51395
51396
51397
51398
51399
51400
51401
51402
51403
51404
51405
51406
51407
51408
51409
51410
51411
51412
51413
51414
51415
51416
51417
51418
51419
51420
51421
51422
51423
51424
51425
51426
51427
51428
51429
51430
51431
51432
51433
51434
51435
51436
51437
51438
51439
51440
51441
51442
51443
51444
51445
51446
51447
51448
51449
51450
51451
51452
51453
51454
51455
51456
51457
51458
51459
51460
51461
51462
51463
51464
51465
51466
51467
51468
51469
51470
51471
51472
51473
51474
51475
51476
51477
51478
51479
51480
51481
51482
51483
51484
51485
51486
51487
51488
51489
51490
51491
51492
51493
51494
51495
51496
51497
51498
51499
51500
51501
51502
51503
51504
51505
51506
51507
51508
51509
51510
51511
51512
51513
51514
51515
51516
51517
51518
51519
51520
51521
51522
51523
51524
51525
51526
51527
51528
51529
51530
51531
51532
51533
51534
51535
51536
51537
51538
51539
51540
51541
51542
51543
51544
51545
51546
51547
51548
51549
51550
51551
51552
51553
51554
51555
51556
51557
51558
51559
51560
51561
51562
51563
51564
51565
51566
51567
51568
51569
51570
51571
51572
51573
51574
51575
51576
51577
51578
51579
51580
51581
51582
51583
51584
51585
51586
51587
51588
51589
51590
51591
51592
51593
51594
51595
51596
51597
51598
51599
51600
51601
51602
51603
51604
51605
51606
51607
51608
51609
51610
51611
51612
51613
51614
51615
51616
51617
51618
51619
51620
51621
51622
51623
51624
51625
51626
51627
51628
51629
51630
51631
51632
51633
51634
51635
51636
51637
51638
51639
51640
51641
51642
51643
51644
51645
51646
51647
51648
51649
51650
51651
51652
51653
51654
51655
51656
51657
51658
51659
51660
51661
51662
51663
51664
51665
51666
51667
51668
51669
51670
51671
51672
51673
51674
51675
51676
51677
51678
51679
51680
51681
51682
51683
51684
51685
51686
51687
51688
51689
51690
51691
51692
51693
51694
51695
51696
51697
51698
51699
51700
51701
51702
51703
51704
51705
51706
51707
51708
51709
51710
51711
51712
51713
51714
51715
51716
51717
51718
51719
51720
51721
51722
51723
51724
51725
51726
51727
51728
51729
51730
51731
51732
51733
51734
51735
51736
51737
51738
51739
51740
51741
51742
51743
51744
51745
51746
51747
51748
51749
51750
51751
51752
51753
51754
51755
51756
51757
51758
51759
51760
51761
51762
51763
51764
51765
51766
51767
51768
51769
51770
51771
51772
51773
51774
51775
51776
51777
51778
51779
51780
51781
51782
51783
51784
51785
51786
51787
51788
51789
51790
51791
51792
51793
51794
51795
51796
51797
51798
51799
51800
51801
51802
51803
51804
51805
51806
51807
51808
51809
51810
51811
51812
51813
51814
51815
51816
51817
51818
51819
51820
51821
51822
51823
51824
51825
51826
51827
51828
51829
51830
51831
51832
51833
51834
51835
51836
51837
51838
51839
51840
51841
51842
51843
51844
51845
51846
51847
51848
51849
51850
51851
51852
51853
51854
51855
51856
51857
51858
51859
51860
51861
51862
51863
51864
51865
51866
51867
51868
51869
51870
51871
51872
51873
51874
51875
51876
51877
51878
51879
51880
51881
51882
51883
51884
51885
51886
51887
51888
51889
51890
51891
51892
51893
51894
51895
51896
51897
51898
51899
51900
51901
51902
51903
51904
51905
51906
51907
51908
51909
51910
51911
51912
51913
51914
51915
51916
51917
51918
51919
51920
51921
51922
51923
51924
51925
51926
51927
51928
51929
51930
51931
51932
51933
51934
51935
51936
51937
51938
51939
51940
51941
51942
51943
51944
51945
51946
51947
51948
51949
51950
51951
51952
51953
51954
51955
51956
51957
51958
51959
51960
51961
51962
51963
51964
51965
51966
51967
51968
51969
51970
51971
51972
51973
51974
51975
51976
51977
51978
51979
51980
51981
51982
51983
51984
51985
51986
51987
51988
51989
51990
51991
51992
51993
51994
51995
51996
51997
51998
51999
52000
52001
52002
52003
52004
52005
52006
52007
52008
52009
52010
52011
52012
52013
52014
52015
52016
52017
52018
52019
52020
52021
52022
52023
52024
52025
52026
52027
52028
52029
52030
52031
52032
52033
52034
52035
52036
52037
52038
52039
52040
52041
52042
52043
52044
52045
52046
52047
52048
52049
52050
52051
52052
52053
52054
52055
52056
52057
52058
52059
52060
52061
52062
52063
52064
52065
52066
52067
52068
52069
52070
52071
52072
52073
52074
52075
52076
52077
52078
52079
52080
52081
52082
52083
52084
52085
52086
52087
52088
52089
52090
52091
52092
52093
52094
52095
52096
52097
52098
52099
52100
52101
52102
52103
52104
52105
52106
52107
52108
52109
52110
52111
52112
52113
52114
52115
52116
52117
52118
52119
52120
52121
52122
52123
52124
52125
52126
52127
52128
52129
52130
52131
52132
52133
52134
52135
52136
52137
52138
52139
52140
52141
52142
52143
52144
52145
52146
52147
52148
52149
52150
52151
52152
52153
52154
52155
52156
52157
52158
52159
52160
52161
52162
52163
52164
52165
52166
52167
52168
52169
52170
52171
52172
52173
52174
52175
52176
52177
52178
52179
52180
52181
52182
52183
52184
52185
52186
52187
52188
52189
52190
52191
52192
52193
52194
52195
52196
52197
52198
52199
52200
52201
52202
52203
52204
52205
52206
52207
52208
52209
52210
52211
52212
52213
52214
52215
52216
52217
52218
52219
52220
52221
52222
52223
52224
52225
52226
52227
52228
52229
52230
52231
52232
52233
52234
52235
52236
52237
52238
52239
52240
52241
52242
52243
52244
52245
52246
52247
52248
52249
52250
52251
52252
52253
52254
52255
52256
52257
52258
52259
52260
52261
52262
52263
52264
52265
52266
52267
52268
52269
52270
52271
52272
52273
52274
52275
52276
52277
52278
52279
52280
52281
52282
52283
52284
52285
52286
52287
52288
52289
52290
52291
52292
52293
52294
52295
52296
52297
52298
52299
52300
52301
52302
52303
52304
52305
52306
52307
52308
52309
52310
52311
52312
52313
52314
52315
52316
52317
52318
52319
52320
52321
52322
52323
52324
52325
52326
52327
52328
52329
52330
52331
52332
52333
52334
52335
52336
52337
52338
52339
52340
52341
52342
52343
52344
52345
52346
52347
52348
52349
52350
52351
52352
52353
52354
52355
52356
52357
52358
52359
52360
52361
52362
52363
52364
52365
52366
52367
52368
52369
52370
52371
52372
52373
52374
52375
52376
52377
52378
52379
52380
52381
52382
52383
52384
52385
52386
52387
52388
52389
52390
52391
52392
52393
52394
52395
52396
52397
52398
52399
52400
52401
52402
52403
52404
52405
52406
52407
52408
52409
52410
52411
52412
52413
52414
52415
52416
52417
52418
52419
52420
52421
52422
52423
52424
52425
52426
52427
52428
52429
52430
52431
52432
52433
52434
52435
52436
52437
52438
52439
52440
52441
52442
52443
52444
52445
52446
52447
52448
52449
52450
52451
52452
52453
52454
52455
52456
52457
52458
52459
52460
52461
52462
52463
52464
52465
52466
52467
52468
52469
52470
52471
52472
52473
52474
52475
52476
52477
52478
52479
52480
52481
52482
52483
52484
52485
52486
52487
52488
52489
52490
52491
52492
52493
52494
52495
52496
52497
52498
52499
52500
52501
52502
52503
52504
52505
52506
52507
52508
52509
52510
52511
52512
52513
52514
52515
52516
52517
52518
52519
52520
52521
52522
52523
52524
52525
52526
52527
52528
52529
52530
52531
52532
52533
52534
52535
52536
52537
52538
52539
52540
52541
52542
52543
52544
52545
52546
52547
52548
52549
52550
52551
52552
52553
52554
52555
52556
52557
52558
52559
52560
52561
52562
52563
52564
52565
52566
52567
52568
52569
52570
52571
52572
52573
52574
52575
52576
52577
52578
52579
52580
52581
52582
52583
52584
52585
52586
52587
52588
52589
52590
52591
52592
52593
52594
52595
52596
52597
52598
52599
52600
52601
52602
52603
52604
52605
52606
52607
52608
52609
52610
52611
52612
52613
52614
52615
52616
52617
52618
52619
52620
52621
52622
52623
52624
52625
52626
52627
52628
52629
52630
52631
52632
52633
52634
52635
52636
52637
52638
52639
52640
52641
52642
52643
52644
52645
52646
52647
52648
52649
52650
52651
52652
52653
52654
52655
52656
52657
52658
52659
52660
52661
52662
52663
52664
52665
52666
52667
52668
52669
52670
52671
52672
52673
52674
52675
52676
52677
52678
52679
52680
52681
52682
52683
52684
52685
52686
52687
52688
52689
52690
52691
52692
52693
52694
52695
52696
52697
52698
52699
52700
52701
52702
52703
52704
52705
52706
52707
52708
52709
52710
52711
52712
52713
52714
52715
52716
52717
52718
52719
52720
52721
52722
52723
52724
52725
52726
52727
52728
52729
52730
52731
52732
52733
52734
52735
52736
52737
52738
52739
52740
52741
52742
52743
52744
52745
52746
52747
52748
52749
52750
52751
52752
52753
52754
52755
52756
52757
52758
52759
52760
52761
52762
52763
52764
52765
52766
52767
52768
52769
52770
52771
52772
52773
52774
52775
52776
52777
52778
52779
52780
52781
52782
52783
52784
52785
52786
52787
52788
52789
52790
52791
52792
52793
52794
52795
52796
52797
52798
52799
52800
52801
52802
52803
52804
52805
52806
52807
52808
52809
52810
52811
52812
52813
52814
52815
52816
52817
52818
52819
52820
52821
52822
52823
52824
52825
52826
52827
52828
52829
52830
52831
52832
52833
52834
52835
52836
52837
52838
52839
52840
52841
52842
52843
52844
52845
52846
52847
52848
52849
52850
52851
52852
52853
52854
52855
52856
52857
52858
52859
52860
52861
52862
52863
52864
52865
52866
52867
52868
52869
52870
52871
52872
52873
52874
52875
52876
52877
52878
52879
52880
52881
52882
52883
52884
52885
52886
52887
52888
52889
52890
52891
52892
52893
52894
52895
52896
52897
52898
52899
52900
52901
52902
52903
52904
52905
52906
52907
52908
52909
52910
52911
52912
52913
52914
52915
52916
52917
52918
52919
52920
52921
52922
52923
52924
52925
52926
52927
52928
52929
52930
52931
52932
52933
52934
52935
52936
52937
52938
52939
52940
52941
52942
52943
52944
52945
52946
52947
52948
52949
52950
52951
52952
52953
52954
52955
52956
52957
52958
52959
52960
52961
52962
52963
52964
52965
52966
52967
52968
52969
52970
52971
52972
52973
52974
52975
52976
52977
52978
52979
52980
52981
52982
52983
52984
52985
52986
52987
52988
52989
52990
52991
52992
52993
52994
52995
52996
52997
52998
52999
53000
53001
53002
53003
53004
53005
53006
53007
53008
53009
53010
53011
53012
53013
53014
53015
53016
53017
53018
53019
53020
53021
53022
53023
53024
53025
53026
53027
53028
53029
53030
53031
53032
53033
53034
53035
53036
53037
53038
53039
53040
53041
53042
53043
53044
53045
53046
53047
53048
53049
53050
53051
53052
53053
53054
53055
53056
53057
53058
53059
53060
53061
53062
53063
53064
53065
53066
53067
53068
53069
53070
53071
53072
53073
53074
53075
53076
53077
53078
53079
53080
53081
53082
53083
53084
53085
53086
53087
53088
53089
53090
53091
53092
53093
53094
53095
53096
53097
53098
53099
53100
53101
53102
53103
53104
53105
53106
53107
53108
53109
53110
53111
53112
53113
53114
53115
53116
53117
53118
53119
53120
53121
53122
53123
53124
53125
53126
53127
53128
53129
53130
53131
53132
53133
53134
53135
53136
53137
53138
53139
53140
53141
53142
53143
53144
53145
53146
53147
53148
53149
53150
53151
53152
53153
53154
53155
53156
53157
53158
53159
53160
53161
53162
53163
53164
53165
53166
53167
53168
53169
53170
53171
53172
53173
53174
53175
53176
53177
53178
53179
53180
53181
53182
53183
53184
53185
53186
53187
53188
53189
53190
53191
53192
53193
53194
53195
53196
53197
53198
53199
53200
53201
53202
53203
53204
53205
53206
53207
53208
53209
53210
53211
53212
53213
53214
53215
53216
53217
53218
53219
53220
53221
53222
53223
53224
53225
53226
53227
53228
53229
53230
53231
53232
53233
53234
53235
53236
53237
53238
53239
53240
53241
53242
53243
53244
53245
53246
53247
53248
53249
53250
53251
53252
53253
53254
53255
53256
53257
53258
53259
53260
53261
53262
53263
53264
53265
53266
53267
53268
53269
53270
53271
53272
53273
53274
53275
53276
53277
53278
53279
53280
53281
53282
53283
53284
53285
53286
53287
53288
53289
53290
53291
53292
53293
53294
53295
53296
53297
53298
53299
53300
53301
53302
53303
53304
53305
53306
53307
53308
53309
53310
53311
53312
53313
53314
53315
53316
53317
53318
53319
53320
53321
53322
53323
53324
53325
53326
53327
53328
53329
53330
53331
53332
53333
53334
53335
53336
53337
53338
53339
53340
53341
53342
53343
53344
53345
53346
53347
53348
53349
53350
53351
53352
53353
53354
53355
53356
53357
53358
53359
53360
53361
53362
53363
53364
53365
53366
53367
53368
53369
53370
53371
53372
53373
53374
53375
53376
53377
53378
53379
53380
53381
53382
53383
53384
53385
53386
53387
53388
53389
53390
53391
53392
53393
53394
53395
53396
53397
53398
53399
53400
53401
53402
53403
53404
53405
53406
53407
53408
53409
53410
53411
53412
53413
53414
53415
53416
53417
53418
53419
53420
53421
53422
53423
53424
53425
53426
53427
53428
53429
53430
53431
53432
53433
53434
53435
53436
53437
53438
53439
53440
53441
53442
53443
53444
53445
53446
53447
53448
53449
53450
53451
53452
53453
53454
53455
53456
53457
53458
53459
53460
53461
53462
53463
53464
53465
53466
53467
53468
53469
53470
53471
53472
53473
53474
53475
53476
53477
53478
53479
53480
53481
53482
53483
53484
53485
53486
53487
53488
53489
53490
53491
53492
53493
53494
53495
53496
53497
53498
53499
53500
53501
53502
53503
53504
53505
53506
53507
53508
53509
53510
53511
53512
53513
53514
53515
53516
53517
53518
53519
53520
53521
53522
53523
53524
53525
53526
53527
53528
53529
53530
53531
53532
53533
53534
53535
53536
53537
53538
53539
53540
53541
53542
53543
53544
53545
53546
53547
53548
53549
53550
53551
53552
53553
53554
53555
53556
53557
53558
53559
53560
53561
53562
53563
53564
53565
53566
53567
53568
53569
53570
53571
53572
53573
53574
53575
53576
53577
53578
53579
53580
53581
53582
53583
53584
53585
53586
53587
53588
53589
53590
53591
53592
53593
53594
53595
53596
53597
53598
53599
53600
53601
53602
53603
53604
53605
53606
53607
53608
53609
53610
53611
53612
53613
53614
53615
53616
53617
53618
53619
53620
53621
53622
53623
53624
53625
53626
53627
53628
53629
53630
53631
53632
53633
53634
53635
53636
53637
53638
53639
53640
53641
53642
53643
53644
53645
53646
53647
53648
53649
53650
53651
53652
53653
53654
53655
53656
53657
53658
53659
53660
53661
53662
53663
53664
53665
53666
53667
53668
53669
53670
53671
53672
53673
53674
53675
53676
53677
53678
53679
53680
53681
53682
53683
53684
53685
53686
53687
53688
53689
53690
53691
53692
53693
53694
53695
53696
53697
53698
53699
53700
53701
53702
53703
53704
53705
53706
53707
53708
53709
53710
53711
53712
53713
53714
53715
53716
53717
53718
53719
53720
53721
53722
53723
53724
53725
53726
53727
53728
53729
53730
53731
53732
53733
53734
53735
53736
53737
53738
53739
53740
53741
53742
53743
53744
53745
53746
53747
53748
53749
53750
53751
53752
53753
53754
53755
53756
53757
53758
53759
53760
53761
53762
53763
53764
53765
53766
53767
53768
53769
53770
53771
53772
53773
53774
53775
53776
53777
53778
53779
53780
53781
53782
53783
53784
53785
53786
53787
53788
53789
53790
53791
53792
53793
53794
53795
53796
53797
53798
53799
53800
53801
53802
53803
53804
53805
53806
53807
53808
53809
53810
53811
53812
53813
53814
53815
53816
53817
53818
53819
53820
53821
53822
53823
53824
53825
53826
53827
53828
53829
53830
53831
53832
53833
53834
53835
53836
53837
53838
53839
53840
53841
53842
53843
53844
53845
53846
53847
53848
53849
53850
53851
53852
53853
53854
53855
53856
53857
53858
53859
53860
53861
53862
53863
53864
53865
53866
53867
53868
53869
53870
53871
53872
53873
53874
53875
53876
53877
53878
53879
53880
53881
53882
53883
53884
53885
53886
53887
53888
53889
53890
53891
53892
53893
53894
53895
53896
53897
53898
53899
53900
53901
53902
53903
53904
53905
53906
53907
53908
53909
53910
53911
53912
53913
53914
53915
53916
53917
53918
53919
53920
53921
53922
53923
53924
53925
53926
53927
53928
53929
53930
53931
53932
53933
53934
53935
53936
53937
53938
53939
53940
53941
53942
53943
53944
53945
53946
53947
53948
53949
53950
53951
53952
53953
53954
53955
53956
53957
53958
53959
53960
53961
53962
53963
53964
53965
53966
53967
53968
53969
53970
53971
53972
53973
53974
53975
53976
53977
53978
53979
53980
53981
53982
53983
53984
53985
53986
53987
53988
53989
53990
53991
53992
53993
53994
53995
53996
53997
53998
53999
54000
54001
54002
54003
54004
54005
54006
54007
54008
54009
54010
54011
54012
54013
54014
54015
54016
54017
54018
54019
54020
54021
54022
54023
54024
54025
54026
54027
54028
54029
54030
54031
54032
54033
54034
54035
54036
54037
54038
54039
54040
54041
54042
54043
54044
54045
54046
54047
54048
54049
54050
54051
54052
54053
54054
54055
54056
54057
54058
54059
54060
54061
54062
54063
54064
54065
54066
54067
54068
54069
54070
54071
54072
54073
54074
54075
54076
54077
54078
54079
54080
54081
54082
54083
54084
54085
54086
54087
54088
54089
54090
54091
54092
54093
54094
54095
54096
54097
54098
54099
54100
54101
54102
54103
54104
54105
54106
54107
54108
54109
54110
54111
54112
54113
54114
54115
54116
54117
54118
54119
54120
54121
54122
54123
54124
54125
54126
54127
54128
54129
54130
54131
54132
54133
54134
54135
54136
54137
54138
54139
54140
54141
54142
54143
54144
54145
54146
54147
54148
54149
54150
54151
54152
54153
54154
54155
54156
54157
54158
54159
54160
54161
54162
54163
54164
54165
54166
54167
54168
54169
54170
54171
54172
54173
54174
54175
54176
54177
54178
54179
54180
54181
54182
54183
54184
54185
54186
54187
54188
54189
54190
54191
54192
54193
54194
54195
54196
54197
54198
54199
54200
54201
54202
54203
54204
54205
54206
54207
54208
54209
54210
54211
54212
54213
54214
54215
54216
54217
54218
54219
54220
54221
54222
54223
54224
54225
54226
54227
54228
54229
54230
54231
54232
54233
54234
54235
54236
54237
54238
54239
54240
54241
54242
54243
54244
54245
54246
54247
54248
54249
54250
54251
54252
54253
54254
54255
54256
54257
54258
54259
54260
54261
54262
54263
54264
54265
54266
54267
54268
54269
54270
54271
54272
54273
54274
54275
54276
54277
54278
54279
54280
54281
54282
54283
54284
54285
54286
54287
54288
54289
54290
54291
54292
54293
54294
54295
54296
54297
54298
54299
54300
54301
54302
54303
54304
54305
54306
54307
54308
54309
54310
54311
54312
54313
54314
54315
54316
54317
54318
54319
54320
54321
54322
54323
54324
54325
54326
54327
54328
54329
54330
54331
54332
54333
54334
54335
54336
54337
54338
54339
54340
54341
54342
54343
54344
54345
54346
54347
54348
54349
54350
54351
54352
54353
54354
54355
54356
54357
54358
54359
54360
54361
54362
54363
54364
54365
54366
54367
54368
54369
54370
54371
54372
54373
54374
54375
54376
54377
54378
54379
54380
54381
54382
54383
54384
54385
54386
54387
54388
54389
54390
54391
54392
54393
54394
54395
54396
54397
54398
54399
54400
54401
54402
54403
54404
54405
54406
54407
54408
54409
54410
54411
54412
54413
54414
54415
54416
54417
54418
54419
54420
54421
54422
54423
54424
54425
54426
54427
54428
54429
54430
54431
54432
54433
54434
54435
54436
54437
54438
54439
54440
54441
54442
54443
54444
54445
54446
54447
54448
54449
54450
54451
54452
54453
54454
54455
54456
54457
54458
54459
54460
54461
54462
54463
54464
54465
54466
54467
54468
54469
54470
54471
54472
54473
54474
54475
54476
54477
54478
54479
54480
54481
54482
54483
54484
54485
54486
54487
54488
54489
54490
54491
54492
54493
54494
54495
54496
54497
54498
54499
54500
54501
54502
54503
54504
54505
54506
54507
54508
54509
54510
54511
54512
54513
54514
54515
54516
54517
54518
54519
54520
54521
54522
54523
54524
54525
54526
54527
54528
54529
54530
54531
54532
54533
54534
54535
54536
54537
54538
54539
54540
54541
54542
54543
54544
54545
54546
54547
54548
54549
54550
54551
54552
54553
54554
54555
54556
54557
54558
54559
54560
54561
54562
54563
54564
54565
54566
54567
54568
54569
54570
54571
54572
54573
54574
54575
54576
54577
54578
54579
54580
54581
54582
54583
54584
54585
54586
54587
54588
54589
54590
54591
54592
54593
54594
54595
54596
54597
54598
54599
54600
54601
54602
54603
54604
54605
54606
54607
54608
54609
54610
54611
54612
54613
54614
54615
54616
54617
54618
54619
54620
54621
54622
54623
54624
54625
54626
54627
54628
54629
54630
54631
54632
54633
54634
54635
54636
54637
54638
54639
54640
54641
54642
54643
54644
54645
54646
54647
54648
54649
54650
54651
54652
54653
54654
54655
54656
54657
54658
54659
54660
54661
54662
54663
54664
54665
54666
54667
54668
54669
54670
54671
54672
54673
54674
54675
54676
54677
54678
54679
54680
54681
54682
54683
54684
54685
54686
54687
54688
54689
54690
54691
54692
54693
54694
54695
54696
54697
54698
54699
54700
54701
54702
54703
54704
54705
54706
54707
54708
54709
54710
54711
54712
54713
54714
54715
54716
54717
54718
54719
54720
54721
54722
54723
54724
54725
54726
54727
54728
54729
54730
54731
54732
54733
54734
54735
54736
54737
54738
54739
54740
54741
54742
54743
54744
54745
54746
54747
54748
54749
54750
54751
54752
54753
54754
54755
54756
54757
54758
54759
54760
54761
54762
54763
54764
54765
54766
54767
54768
54769
54770
54771
54772
54773
54774
54775
54776
54777
54778
54779
54780
54781
54782
54783
54784
54785
54786
54787
54788
54789
54790
54791
54792
54793
54794
54795
54796
54797
54798
54799
54800
54801
54802
54803
54804
54805
54806
54807
54808
54809
54810
54811
54812
54813
54814
54815
54816
54817
54818
54819
54820
54821
54822
54823
54824
54825
54826
54827
54828
54829
54830
54831
54832
54833
54834
54835
54836
54837
54838
54839
54840
54841
54842
54843
54844
54845
54846
54847
54848
54849
54850
54851
54852
54853
54854
54855
54856
54857
54858
54859
54860
54861
54862
54863
54864
54865
54866
54867
54868
54869
54870
54871
54872
54873
54874
54875
54876
54877
54878
54879
54880
54881
54882
54883
54884
54885
54886
54887
54888
54889
54890
54891
54892
54893
54894
54895
54896
54897
54898
54899
54900
54901
54902
54903
54904
54905
54906
54907
54908
54909
54910
54911
54912
54913
54914
54915
54916
54917
54918
54919
54920
54921
54922
54923
54924
54925
54926
54927
54928
54929
54930
54931
54932
54933
54934
54935
54936
54937
54938
54939
54940
54941
54942
54943
54944
54945
54946
54947
54948
54949
54950
54951
54952
54953
54954
54955
54956
54957
54958
54959
54960
54961
54962
54963
54964
54965
54966
54967
54968
54969
54970
54971
54972
54973
54974
54975
54976
54977
54978
54979
54980
54981
54982
54983
54984
54985
54986
54987
54988
54989
54990
54991
54992
54993
54994
54995
54996
54997
54998
54999
55000
55001
55002
55003
55004
55005
55006
55007
55008
55009
55010
55011
55012
55013
55014
55015
55016
55017
55018
55019
55020
55021
55022
55023
55024
55025
55026
55027
55028
55029
55030
55031
55032
55033
55034
55035
55036
55037
55038
55039
55040
55041
55042
55043
55044
55045
55046
55047
55048
55049
55050
55051
55052
55053
55054
55055
55056
55057
55058
55059
55060
55061
55062
55063
55064
55065
55066
55067
55068
55069
55070
55071
55072
55073
55074
55075
55076
55077
55078
55079
55080
55081
55082
55083
55084
55085
55086
55087
55088
55089
55090
55091
55092
55093
55094
55095
55096
55097
55098
55099
55100
55101
55102
55103
55104
55105
55106
55107
55108
55109
55110
55111
55112
55113
55114
55115
55116
55117
55118
55119
55120
55121
55122
55123
55124
55125
55126
55127
55128
55129
55130
55131
55132
55133
55134
55135
55136
55137
55138
55139
55140
55141
55142
55143
55144
55145
55146
55147
55148
55149
55150
55151
55152
55153
55154
55155
55156
55157
55158
55159
55160
55161
55162
55163
55164
55165
55166
55167
55168
55169
55170
55171
55172
55173
55174
55175
55176
55177
55178
55179
55180
55181
55182
55183
55184
55185
55186
55187
55188
55189
55190
55191
55192
55193
55194
55195
55196
55197
55198
55199
55200
55201
55202
55203
55204
55205
55206
55207
55208
55209
55210
55211
55212
55213
55214
55215
55216
55217
55218
55219
55220
55221
55222
55223
55224
55225
55226
55227
55228
55229
55230
55231
55232
55233
55234
55235
55236
55237
55238
55239
55240
55241
55242
55243
55244
55245
55246
55247
55248
55249
55250
55251
55252
55253
55254
55255
55256
55257
55258
55259
55260
55261
55262
55263
55264
55265
55266
55267
55268
55269
55270
55271
55272
55273
55274
55275
55276
55277
55278
55279
55280
55281
55282
55283
55284
55285
55286
55287
55288
55289
55290
55291
55292
55293
55294
55295
55296
55297
55298
55299
55300
55301
55302
55303
55304
55305
55306
55307
55308
55309
55310
55311
55312
55313
55314
55315
55316
55317
55318
55319
55320
55321
55322
55323
55324
55325
55326
55327
55328
55329
55330
55331
55332
55333
55334
55335
55336
55337
55338
55339
55340
55341
55342
55343
55344
55345
55346
55347
55348
55349
55350
55351
55352
55353
55354
55355
55356
55357
55358
55359
55360
55361
55362
55363
55364
55365
55366
55367
55368
55369
55370
55371
55372
55373
55374
55375
55376
55377
55378
55379
55380
55381
55382
55383
55384
55385
55386
55387
55388
55389
55390
55391
55392
55393
55394
55395
55396
55397
55398
55399
55400
55401
55402
55403
55404
55405
55406
55407
55408
55409
55410
55411
55412
55413
55414
55415
55416
55417
55418
55419
55420
55421
55422
55423
55424
55425
55426
55427
55428
55429
55430
55431
55432
55433
55434
55435
55436
55437
55438
55439
55440
55441
55442
55443
55444
55445
55446
55447
55448
55449
55450
55451
55452
55453
55454
55455
55456
55457
55458
55459
55460
55461
55462
55463
55464
55465
55466
55467
55468
55469
55470
55471
55472
55473
55474
55475
55476
55477
55478
55479
55480
55481
55482
55483
55484
55485
55486
55487
55488
55489
55490
55491
55492
55493
55494
55495
55496
55497
55498
55499
55500
55501
55502
55503
55504
55505
55506
55507
55508
55509
55510
55511
55512
55513
55514
55515
55516
55517
55518
55519
55520
55521
55522
55523
55524
55525
55526
55527
55528
55529
55530
55531
55532
55533
55534
55535
55536
55537
55538
55539
55540
55541
55542
55543
55544
55545
55546
55547
55548
55549
55550
55551
55552
55553
55554
55555
55556
55557
55558
55559
55560
55561
55562
55563
55564
55565
55566
55567
55568
55569
55570
55571
55572
55573
55574
55575
55576
55577
55578
55579
55580
55581
55582
55583
55584
55585
55586
55587
55588
55589
55590
55591
55592
55593
55594
55595
55596
55597
55598
55599
55600
55601
55602
55603
55604
55605
55606
55607
55608
55609
55610
55611
55612
55613
55614
55615
55616
55617
55618
55619
55620
55621
55622
55623
55624
55625
55626
55627
55628
55629
55630
55631
55632
55633
55634
55635
55636
55637
55638
55639
55640
55641
55642
55643
55644
55645
55646
55647
55648
55649
55650
55651
55652
55653
55654
55655
55656
55657
55658
55659
55660
55661
55662
55663
55664
55665
55666
55667
55668
55669
55670
55671
55672
55673
55674
55675
55676
55677
55678
55679
55680
55681
55682
55683
55684
55685
55686
55687
55688
55689
55690
55691
55692
55693
55694
55695
55696
55697
55698
55699
55700
55701
55702
55703
55704
55705
55706
55707
55708
55709
55710
55711
55712
55713
55714
55715
55716
55717
55718
55719
55720
55721
55722
55723
55724
55725
55726
55727
55728
55729
55730
55731
55732
55733
55734
55735
55736
55737
55738
55739
55740
55741
55742
55743
55744
55745
55746
55747
55748
55749
55750
55751
55752
55753
55754
55755
55756
55757
55758
55759
55760
55761
55762
55763
55764
55765
55766
55767
55768
55769
55770
55771
55772
55773
55774
55775
55776
55777
55778
55779
55780
55781
55782
55783
55784
55785
55786
55787
55788
55789
55790
55791
55792
55793
55794
55795
55796
55797
55798
55799
55800
55801
55802
55803
55804
55805
55806
55807
55808
55809
55810
55811
55812
55813
55814
55815
55816
55817
55818
55819
55820
55821
55822
55823
55824
55825
55826
55827
55828
55829
55830
55831
55832
55833
55834
55835
55836
55837
55838
55839
55840
55841
55842
55843
55844
55845
55846
55847
55848
55849
55850
55851
55852
55853
55854
55855
55856
55857
55858
55859
55860
55861
55862
55863
55864
55865
55866
55867
55868
55869
55870
55871
55872
55873
55874
55875
55876
55877
55878
55879
55880
55881
55882
55883
55884
55885
55886
55887
55888
55889
55890
55891
55892
55893
55894
55895
55896
55897
55898
55899
55900
55901
55902
55903
55904
55905
55906
55907
55908
55909
55910
55911
55912
55913
55914
55915
55916
55917
55918
55919
55920
55921
55922
55923
55924
55925
55926
55927
55928
55929
55930
55931
55932
55933
55934
55935
55936
55937
55938
55939
55940
55941
55942
55943
55944
55945
55946
55947
55948
55949
55950
55951
55952
55953
55954
55955
55956
55957
55958
55959
55960
55961
55962
55963
55964
55965
55966
55967
55968
55969
55970
55971
55972
55973
55974
55975
55976
55977
55978
55979
55980
55981
55982
55983
55984
55985
55986
55987
55988
55989
55990
55991
55992
55993
55994
55995
55996
55997
55998
55999
56000
56001
56002
56003
56004
56005
56006
56007
56008
56009
56010
56011
56012
56013
56014
56015
56016
56017
56018
56019
56020
56021
56022
56023
56024
56025
56026
56027
56028
56029
56030
56031
56032
56033
56034
56035
56036
56037
56038
56039
56040
56041
56042
56043
56044
56045
56046
56047
56048
56049
56050
56051
56052
56053
56054
56055
56056
56057
56058
56059
56060
56061
56062
56063
56064
56065
56066
56067
56068
56069
56070
56071
56072
56073
56074
56075
56076
56077
56078
56079
56080
56081
56082
56083
56084
56085
56086
56087
56088
56089
56090
56091
56092
56093
56094
56095
56096
56097
56098
56099
56100
56101
56102
56103
56104
56105
56106
56107
56108
56109
56110
56111
56112
56113
56114
56115
56116
56117
56118
56119
56120
56121
56122
56123
56124
56125
56126
56127
56128
56129
56130
56131
56132
56133
56134
56135
56136
56137
56138
56139
56140
56141
56142
56143
56144
56145
56146
56147
56148
56149
56150
56151
56152
56153
56154
56155
56156
56157
56158
56159
56160
56161
56162
56163
56164
56165
56166
56167
56168
56169
56170
56171
56172
56173
56174
56175
56176
56177
56178
56179
56180
56181
56182
56183
56184
56185
56186
56187
56188
56189
56190
56191
56192
56193
56194
56195
56196
56197
56198
56199
56200
56201
56202
56203
56204
56205
56206
56207
56208
56209
56210
56211
56212
56213
56214
56215
56216
56217
56218
56219
56220
56221
56222
56223
56224
56225
56226
56227
56228
56229
56230
56231
56232
56233
56234
56235
56236
56237
56238
56239
56240
56241
56242
56243
56244
56245
56246
56247
56248
56249
56250
56251
56252
56253
56254
56255
56256
56257
56258
56259
56260
56261
56262
56263
56264
56265
56266
56267
56268
56269
56270
56271
56272
56273
56274
56275
56276
56277
56278
56279
56280
56281
56282
56283
56284
56285
56286
56287
56288
56289
56290
56291
56292
56293
56294
56295
56296
56297
56298
56299
56300
56301
56302
56303
56304
56305
56306
56307
56308
56309
56310
56311
56312
56313
56314
56315
56316
56317
56318
56319
56320
56321
56322
56323
56324
56325
56326
56327
56328
56329
56330
56331
56332
56333
56334
56335
56336
56337
56338
56339
56340
56341
56342
56343
56344
56345
56346
56347
56348
56349
56350
56351
56352
56353
56354
56355
56356
56357
56358
56359
56360
56361
56362
56363
56364
56365
56366
56367
56368
56369
56370
56371
56372
56373
56374
56375
56376
56377
56378
56379
56380
56381
56382
56383
56384
56385
56386
56387
56388
56389
56390
56391
56392
56393
56394
56395
56396
56397
56398
56399
56400
56401
56402
56403
56404
56405
56406
56407
56408
56409
56410
56411
56412
56413
56414
56415
56416
56417
56418
56419
56420
56421
56422
56423
56424
56425
56426
56427
56428
56429
56430
56431
56432
56433
56434
56435
56436
56437
56438
56439
56440
56441
56442
56443
56444
56445
56446
56447
56448
56449
56450
56451
56452
56453
56454
56455
56456
56457
56458
56459
56460
56461
56462
56463
56464
56465
56466
56467
56468
56469
56470
56471
56472
56473
56474
56475
56476
56477
56478
56479
56480
56481
56482
56483
56484
56485
56486
56487
56488
56489
56490
56491
56492
56493
56494
56495
56496
56497
56498
56499
56500
56501
56502
56503
56504
56505
56506
56507
56508
56509
56510
56511
56512
56513
56514
56515
56516
56517
56518
56519
56520
56521
56522
56523
56524
56525
56526
56527
56528
56529
56530
56531
56532
56533
56534
56535
56536
56537
56538
56539
56540
56541
56542
56543
56544
56545
56546
56547
56548
56549
56550
56551
56552
|
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.00 ====================
Released: 2004-12-16
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alberto Bertogli <albertogli@telpin.com.ar>
Anand Kumria <wildfire@progsoc.org>
Andrey Kiselev <dron@ak4719.spb.edu>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Chris Green <cmg@dok.org>
Branden Robinson <branden@debian.org>
Emmanuel Colbus <emmanuel.colbus@ensimag.imag.fr>
Enrico Zini <enrico@debian.org>
Eric Estievenart <eric.estievenart@free.fr>
Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Jan Kuznik <kuznik@gepro.cz>
Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.de>
John V. Belmonte <jbelmonte@debian.org>
Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com>
Luis Javier Merino Morán <ljmerino@pandasoftware.es>
Martin Pool <mbp@sourcefrog.net>
Richard Kreckel <Richard.Kreckel@ginac.de>
Vasya Pupkin <ptushnik@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Fabian Kreutz
Many math pages had their synopses compressed, as per suggestion
from Fabian Kreutz.
Various pages
Fabian Kreutz / aeb
Many minor content and formatting bug fixes were made to the math
pages, following suggestions from Fabian Kreutz (who recently
translated many of the 1.70 math pages into German) and
Andries Brouwer.
Various pages
mtk
For consistency, all instances of "super-user" were changed
to the more common "superuser".
Various pages
Vasya Pupkin / mtk
After a note from Vasya Pupkin, I added <errno.h> to the SYNOPSIS
of several Section 2 pages using the _syscallN() macros.
In addition:
-- erroneous semicolons at the end of _syscallN() were removed
on various pages.
-- types such as "uint" in syscallN() declarations were changed
to "unsigned int", etc.
-- various other minor breakages in the synopses were fixed.
The affected pages are:
getdents.2
gettid.2
llseek.2
mmap2.2
modify_ldt.2
pivot_root.2
quotactl.2
readdir.2
sysctl.2
syslog.2
tkill.2
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bind.2
Florian Weimer
Added 'const' to declaration of 'my_addr' in prototype.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=239762.
fcntl.2
Martin Pool
Added O_NOATIME to list of flags that can be changed via F_SETFL.
mtk/aeb
Noted F_GETOWN bug after suggestion from aeb.
See also:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108380640603164&w=2
getrlimit.2
mtk
Material on getrusage.2 has been separated out into its own page.
Rewrote discussion on RLIMIT_MEMLOCK to incorporate kernel
2.6.9 changes.
Added note on RLIMIT_CPU error in older kernels.
Added RLIMIT_SIGPENDING.
Also made a few other minor changes.
getrusage.2
mtk
This page is new(ish) -- it was created by splitting
getrlimit.2.
Repaired note on SIGCHLD behavior to note that the
POSIX non-conformance has been fixed in 2.6.9.
kill.2
Modified after suggestion from Emmanuel Colbus
Changed wording of sentence under NOTES describing
when signals can be sent to init(1).
mlock.2
munlock.2
mlockall.2
munlockall.2
These have been consolidated into a single mlock.2 page.
In the process, much duplication was eliminated
and new information was added about RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
and the changes in memory locking in kernel 2.6.9,
mmap.2
mtk
Added cross-ref to setrlimit(2) concerning memory locking limits.
Eric Estievenart
Note that MAP_FIXED replaces existing mappings
msgctl.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Added msqid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions.
msgget.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Added notes on /proc files.
msgop.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Added notes on /proc files.
open.2
Martin Pool
Added O_NOATIME (new in Linux 2.6.8)
mtk
Reordered list of 'flags' description alphabetically
personality.2
2004-11-03 applied patch from Martin Schulze
semctl.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Rewrote semun text.
Added semid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions.
semget.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Added notes on /proc files.
Rewrote BUGS note about semget()'s failure to initialize
semaphore values.
semop.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Added notes on /proc files.
shmctl.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Updated shmid_ds structure definitions.
Added information on SHM_DEST and SHM_LOCKED flags.
Noted that CAP_IPC_LOCK is not required for SHM_UNLOCK
since kernel 2.6.9.
Added notes on 2.6.9 RLIMIT_MEMLOCK changes.
Added RLIMIT_SIGPENDING (new in Linux 2.6.8)
shmget.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Added notes on /proc files.
shmop.2
mtk
Substantial language and formatting clean-ups.
Changed wording and placement of sentence regarding attachment
of segments marked for destruction.
sigaction.2
mtk
Added mention of SIGCONT under SA_NOCLDSTOP.
Added SA_NOCLDWAIT.
Updated discussion for POSIX.1-2001 and SIGCHLD and sa_flags.
Noted that CLD_CONTINUED is supported since Linux 2.6.9.
Added SI_TKILL (new in Linux 2.4.19).
Other minor changes.
signal.2
mtk
Removed text on ignoring SIGCHLD; replaced with pointer
to sigaction.2.
sigwaitinfo.2
After bug report from Andrey Kiselev
Fixed prototype: "timeout" --> "*timeout"
as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=222145
stat.2
Enrico Zini
Added text to clarify that S_IS*() macros should be applied to
st_mode field.
as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=249698
swapon.2
After Debian bug report from Anand Kumria
Added "no swap space signature" to EINVAL error.
mtk
Added EINVAL error for swapoff() ("not currently a swap area").
Added EBUSY error for swapon().
A few formatting fixes.
times.2
mtk
In Linux 2.6, the return value of times changed; it is no
longer time since boot, but rather:
boot_time + 2^32 / HZ - 300
Repaired note on SIGCHLD behavior to note that the
POSIX non-conformance has been fixed in 2.6.9.
Some formatting fixes.
undocumented.2
After bug report from Johannes Berg
Changed
.TH UNIMPLEMENTED
to:
.TH UNDOCUMENTED
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=220741
wait.2
mtk
Added waitid(2).
Added WCONTINUED and WIFCONTINUED (new in 2.6.10).
Added text on SA_NOCLDSTOP.
Updated discussion of SA_NOCLDWAIT to reflect 2.6 behavior.
Much other text rewritten.
wait4.2
mtk
Rewrote this page, removing much duplicated information,
and replacing with pointers to wait.2.
Luis Javier Merino Morán / mtk
CONFORMING TO said "SVr4, POSIX". Changed to "4.3BSD"
waitid.2
mtk
New link to wait.2
assert.3
After bug report from Branden Robinson
The assert() failure message goes to stderr not stdout.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=284814
ctime.3
mtk
Noted that 0 in tm_mday is interpreted to mean the last day
of the preceding month.
getnameinfo.3
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=229618
getnameinfo() does not set errno, it returns a non-zero
value indicating the error.
mtk
added EAI_OVERFLOW error
killpg.3
mtk
Minor changes to SEE ALSO and CONFORMING TO.
lseek64.3
aeb
New page by Andries Brouwer
tzset.3
Richard Kreckel
Change "NULL" to "empty" when talking about the value of TZ.
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=601
printf.3
After bug report from Jan Kuznik
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=205736
Fixed bad realloc() use in snprintf() example
realpath.3
mtk
Added discussion of resolved_path == NULL.
random.4
After bug report from John V. Belmonte
Updated init and quit scripts to reflect kernel 2.4/2.6 reality
(Scripts taken from drivers/char/random.c)
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=247779
proc.5
mtk
Updated description of /proc/loadavg to include
nr_running(), nr_threads, last_pid.
rtsig-max and rtsig-nr went away in 2.6.8
updated statm, and fixed error in order of list
boot.7
applied patch from Martin Schulze
capabilities.7
mtk
Added O_NOATIME for CAP_FOWNER
netdevice.7
Karel Kulhavy and AEB
Formatting fix after note from Karel Kulhavy and AEB, plus a
few wording fixes.
signal.7
mtk
/proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-* were superseded by RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
in kernel 2.6.8.
tcp.7
mtk/aeb
Updated details of interaction of TCP_CORK and TCP_NODELAY.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.01 ====================
Released: 2004-12-20
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Carsten Hey <c.hey@web.de>
Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.de>
Joshua Kwan <joshk@triplehelix.org>
Marek Habersack <grendel@debian.org>
Martin Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Matthew Dempsky <jivera@flame.org>
Matthew Gregan <kinetik@orcon.net.nz>
Pedro Zorzenon Neto <pzn@terra.com.br>
Tony Crawford <tony@klosterdorf.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
accept.2
close.2
send.2
setsid.2
socket.2
closedir.3
initgroups.3
mkstemp.3
opendir.3
readdir.3
telldir.3
Matthew Dempsky, mtk
triggered by http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=283179
The wording describing how errno is set was fixed up in these pages.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
sendfile.2
mtk
Adjusted descriptions of argument file types to be closer to
2.6 reality.
Wording and formatting changes.
ctan.3
ctanh.3
Tony Crawford
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=270817
Formulae on the pages should be T = S / C not T = C / S.
errno.3
Martin Schulze, mtk
Removed errno declaration from prototype, added notes
on historical need for this declaration.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=174175
aio_return.3
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=224953
Changed erroneous "aio_return(2)" to "aio_return(3)".
posix_openpt.3
mtk
New by mtk
ptsname.3
mtk
Added description of ptsname_r().
Added ERRORS.
ptsname_r.3
mtk
New link to ptsname.3.
shm_open.3
Matthew Gregan
add <fcntl.h> to synopsis
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=271243
strcasecmp.3
Marek Habersack
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
-BSD 4.4
+BSD 4.4, SUSv3
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=234443
strfry.3
Joshua Kwan
Added _GNU_SOURCE to prototype
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=213538
strftime.3
Cartsen Hey
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=276248
Changed range for "%S" from 0..61 to 0..60.
SUSv3 says 0..60. I think the manual page probably says
0..61, because that's what SUSv2 said.
(Some other implementations' man pages also say 0..61 --
e.g., Solaris 8 & 9, Tru64 5.1B; FreeBSD 5.1 says 0..60.)
The glibc manual currently says 0..60.
Given that SUSv3 says 0..60, I've changed the
manual page to also say this:
-The second as a decimal number (range 00 to 61).
+The second as a decimal number (range 00 to 60).
+(The range is up to 60 to allow for occasional leap seconds.)
sysconf.3
Johannes Berg
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=226974
-.BR POSIX2_FORT_RUN " - " _SC_2_FORT_DEV
+.BR POSIX2_FORT_DEV " - " _SC_2_FORT_DEV
system.3
Pedro Zorzenon
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=242638
Noted use of _XOPEN_SOURCE to get macros from <stdlib.h>
for wait(2).
mtk
Changed name of argument from 'string' to 'command' (like POSIX).
Noted that glibc does nowadays explicitly check for the existence
of the shell if 'command' is NULL, rather than the older behavior
of assuming the shell exists and always returning 1 if
'command' is NULL.
Other wording and formatting clean-ups.
undocumented.3
Remove some functions names that *are* documented.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.02 ====================
Released: 2005-04-14
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Branden Robinson <branden@debian.org>
Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
David Lloyd <dmlloyd@tds.net>
Gordon Jin <gordon.jin@intel.com>
Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi>
Jamie Lokier <jamie@shareable.org>
Johan Walles
Kai Makisara <Kai.Makisara@kolumbus.fi>
Marko Kohtala <marko.kohtala@gmail.com>
Martin Pool <mbp@sourcefrog.net>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Matthias Lang <matthias@corelatus.se>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Michael Mühlebach <michael@anduin.ch>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Sasa Stevanovic <mg94c18@alas.matf.bg.ac.yu>
Serguei Leontiev <leo@sai.msu.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
ctime.3
tzselect.8
zdump.8
zic.8
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent newctime(3).
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=236884
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
mtk
Noted the PID caching behavior of NPTL's getpid()
wrapper under BUGS.
Added futex(2), set_thread_area(2), set_tid_address(2),
tkill(2) under SEE ALSO.
epoll_ctl.2
epoll_create.2
Marko Kohtala / mtk
Improved various error descriptions.
epoll_wait.2
David Lloyd / Mike Frysinger, Marko Kohtala
Added EINTR to errors.
fcntl.2
Jamie Lokier / mtk
Improved discussion of F_SETOWN and F_SETSIG with respect to
multi-threaded programs.
Generally cleaned up the discussion of F_SETOWN.
Updated CONFORMING TO to note that F_GETOWN and F_SETOWN are
now in POSIX.
link.2
mtk
Noted discrepancy between Linux and POSIX.1 when oldpath
is a symbolic link.
See: http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=367
and: http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag/msg08152.html
Michael Haardt / mtk
Clarified EXDEV error description: it isn't possible to link
across mount points, even if the mount points refer to the same
file system.
mincore.2
mtk, after note from Gordon Jin
Updated ERRORS.
pipe.2
As per message from Serguei Leontiev
Removed SVr2, AT&T, and BSD from CONFORMING TO, since
a pipe on those systems is actually bidirectional.
(Pipes are implemented as STREAMS on the former, and
sockets on the latter.)
posix_fadvise.2
mtk
Noted kernel version where posix_fadvise() appeared and
noted bug in handling of 'len' in kernels < 2.6.6.
rename.2
Michael Haardt
Clarified EXDEV error description: it isn't possible to rename
a file across mount points, even if the mount points refer to
the same file system.
semop.2
mtk
Noted kernel version numbers for semtimedop().
setitimer.2
Matthias Lang, mtk
Noted MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling.
Added note about treatment of out-of-range tv_usec values.
sigqueue.2
Johan Walles, Martin (Joey) Schulze
Added sigqueue.2 to SEE ALSO.
times.2
mtk
Added notes on non-standard behavior: Linux allows 'buf' to
be NULL, but POSIX.1 doesn't specify this and it's non-portable.
uselib.2
Andries Brouwer
Improved DESCRIPTION; clarified distinction between
EACCES and ENOEXEC.
bcopy.3
Heikki Orsila
bcopy() handles overlapping case, but memcpy() does not,
so for consistency memmove() should be also mentioned.
getmntent_r.3
Martin (Joey) Schulze
New link to man3/getmntent.3.
memcpy.3
Small wording change after suggestion from Sasa Stevanovic.
strcasestr.3
mtk
Created as link to strstr.3.
strftime.3
mtk
Noted that SUSv2 allowed a range of 00 to 61 for %S specifier.
strstr.3
mtk
Added description of strcasestr().
random.4
aeb
Improved description of read from /dev/urandom.
st.4
Kai Makisara
Substantial updates.
man.7
Martin Schulze
Branden Robinson
Colin Watson
Mention the .URL macro more verbosely.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.03 ====================
Released: 2005-06-02
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Johannes Nicolai <johannes.nicolai@hpi.uni-potsdam.de>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Klaus Ethgen <Klaus@Ethgen.de>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Ross Boylan <RossBoylan@stanfordalumni.org>
Vincent Fourmond <vincent.fourmond@9online.fr>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
console.4
console_ioctl.4
mouse.4
tty.4
vcs.4
Pavel Heimlich
Change `ttys(4)' to `ttyS(4)'.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
mtk
Substantially enhanced discussion of CLONE_THREAD.
Added CLONE_SYSVSEM, CLONE_UNTRACED, CLONE_STOPPED.
Other minor fixes.
execve.2
aeb
Noted effect of ptracing when execing a set-UID program.
fcntl.2
Johannes Nicolai / mtk
Noted F_SETOWN bug for socket file descriptor in Linux 2.4
and earlier.
Added text on permissions required to send signal to owner.
flock.2
mtk
Noted that lock conversions are not atomic.
getrusage.2
mtk
ru_nswap has never contained useful information.
Kernel 2.6.6 clarified that with a patch
("[PATCH] eliminate nswap and cnswap"). See also:
http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0404.1/0720.html
kill.2
mtk
Clarified wording of the 'pid == -1' case.
mount.2
mtk
Added MNT_EXPIRE, plus a few other tidy-ups.
sched_setaffinity.2
mtk
Added text to note that sched_setaffinity() will migrate the
affected process to one of the specified CPUs if necessary.
Added a NOTE to point out that the affinity mask is actually a
per-thread attribute that can be adjusted independently for
each thread in a thread group.
shmctl.2
mtk
Noted aberrant Linux behavior with respect to new attaches to a
segment that has already been marked for deletion.
Noted changes in permissions required for SHM_LOCK/SHM_UNLOCK.
wait.2
mtk
Noted that the __W* flags can't be used with waitid().
confstr.3
mtk
Added _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION and _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION.
hosts.5
Ross Boylan / Martin Schulze
various changes as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=304242
proc.5
mtk
Minor changes to discussion of /proc/PID/stat signal fields.
Added 'rt_priority' and 'policy' to /proc/PID/stat.
capabilities.7
mtk
1,$s/inherited/inheritable/g
regex.7
Vincent Fourmond / Joey (Martin) Schulze
Removed discussion of `[[:<:]]' and `[[:>:]]' since they do
not seem to be in the glibc implementation.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295666
tzselect.8
Joey (Martin) Schulze / Klaus Ethgen
The default zoneinfo directory is now /usr/share/zoneinfo.
(was: /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo)
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=267471
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.04 ====================
Released: 2005-06-21
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Baurjan Ismagulov <ibr@ata.cs.hun.edu.tr>
Dave Love <d.love@dl.ac.uk>
Dieter Brueggemann <dieter.brueggemann@entitec.de>
Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk>
Guido Trotter <ultrotter@debian.org>
kabloom <kabloom@ucdavis.edu>
Kevin Ryde <user42@zip.com.au>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Mike Furr <mfurr@debian.org>
Olivier Croquette <ocroquette@free.fr>
Olivier Guilyardi <ylf@xung.org>
Peter Cordes <peter@llama.nslug.ns.ca>
Philipp Spitzer <philipp@toastfreeware.priv.at>
Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
Thierry Excoffier <exco@bat710.univ-lyon1.fr>
Thomas Hood <jdthood@yahoo.co.uk>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
For consistency across pages:
1,$s/nonzero/non-zero/g
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
pthreads.7
mtk
An overview of the Linux implementations of POSIX threads.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
_exit.2
mtk
Various minor changes.
epoll_ctl.2
Mike Furr
BUGS: In kernels < 2.6.9, EPOLL_CTL_DEL required a non-NULL
'event', even though this argument is ignored.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306517
flock.2
mtk / Kevin Ryde
Clarified semantics of relationship between flock() locks
and open file entries and file descriptors.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=291121
getitimer.2
Olivier Croquette, Thierry Excoffier
Noted the existence of the short sleep bug (up to 1 jiffy).
getrlimit.2
mtk
RLIMIT_RSS only has affect "in 2.4.x", not "in 2.4 and later".
getrusage.2
Geoff Clare
Since Linux 2.6, the ru_nvcsw and ru_nivcsw fields are used.
nice.2
mtk / Guido Trotter
Rewrote description of return value.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=296183
open.2
Walter Harms
O_DIRECT needs _GNU_SOURCE.
mtk
O_ASYNC works for pipes and FIFOs in Linux 2.6.
Various minor fixes.
atexit.3
mtk
Various minor changes.
exit.3
mtk
Various minor changes.
getopt.3
mtk / Philipp Spitzer
Fix description of return value.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=308359
hsearch.3
mtk
Changed (char *) to (void *) in example.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=313607
log1p.3
Justin Pryzby
Make log(3) SEE ALSO log1p(3),
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=309578
makecontext.3
Tanaka Akira
Fix description of RETURN VALUE for makecontext(),
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=311800
on_exit.3
mtk
Various minor changes.
rand.3
kabloom
Small fix to a code example,
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=194842
realpath.3
mtk / Thomas Hood
When specifying resolved_path as NULL, realpath()
will (still) only allocate up to PATH_MAX bytes.
Plus other minor changes.
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=239424
rcmd.3
Dave Love
The required header file for these functions on Linux is <netdb.h>,
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=311680
scanf.3
Olivier Guilyardi
Arg for %p is a pointer to _a pointer to_ void,
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=263109
stdin.3
Vincent Lefevre
freopen() can change the descriptors associated with
stdin/stdout/stderr, as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295859
strerror.3
Baurjan Ismagulov
strerror_r(3) requires #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600,
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=290880
sysconf.3
Peter Cordes / mtk
Fix typo: "_SC_2_DEV" should be "_SC_2_C_DEV".
proc.5
mtk
Added pointers under /proc/sys/net to tcp.7 and ip.7.
ip.7
mtk
Various wording and formatting fixes.
Reordered /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_* file descriptions alphabetically.
tcp.7
Dieter Brueggemann / mtk
Fixes to the discussion of SIOCATMARK and tcp_stdurg.
mtk
Various wording and formatting fixes.
Incorporated some new /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_* file descriptions
from the 2.6.12 source file Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.05 ====================
Released: 2005-06-27
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
A Costa <agcosta@gis.net>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Bas Zoetekouw <bas@debian.org>
Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
Delian Krustev <krustev@krustev.net>
Dora Anna Volgyesi <volgyesi@elte.hu>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Ove Kaaven <ovek@arcticnet.no>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places. (Special thanks to A Costa.)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
_exit.2
mtk / aeb
Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination
function".
close.2
mtk
Clarified what type of lock close() affects.
Minor formatting changes.
dup.2
mtk
Consistent use of terms "open file description",
"file status flags", and "file descriptor flags".
Removed mention of lock sharing -- it was not accurate.
Minor formatting fixes.
fcntl.2
mtk
Consistent use of terms "open file description",
"file status flags", and "file descriptor flags".
Some rewriting of discussion of file descriptor flags
Under F_DUPFD, replaced some text duplicated in dup.2
with a cross ref to dup.2
Minor wording and formatting fixes.
fpclassify.3
mtk / Martin (Joey) Schulze / Bas Zoetekouw
The return value of isinf() changed in glibc 2.02
to differentiate positive and negative infinity.
See: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=285765
getgid.2
getuid.2
Delian Krustev
Remove confusing text describing real and effective IDs.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=285852
getitimer.2
mtk
The short sleep bug (up to 1 jiffy) that was newly noted in
man-pages-2.04 has just been fixed in 2.6.12.
getpriority.2
mtk
Changed range documented in main text from -20..20 to -20..19.
Noted that the range is -20..20 on some systems.
open.2
mtk / aeb
Clarification of term "open file description" along with
explanation of what information it maintains.
Other wording improvements.
Various minor wording changes.
atexit.3
mtk / aeb
Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination
function".
mtk
Noted use of atexit() for establishing function to be invoked on
shared library unload.
Noted that atexit()-registered functions are not invoked on
abnormal termination.
Formatting fixes.
exit.3
mtk / aeb
Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination
function".
mtk
Minor rewording and formatting changes.
getloadavg.3
mtk
Added #define _BSD_SOURCE to prototype.
log2.3
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Add ERANGE error.
readdir.3
mtk
Added definition of Linux dirent structure.
Some formatting cleanups.
strtod.3
Dora Anna Volgyesi / mtk
strtold() and strtof() need _ISOC99_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE=600
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=246668
tdestroy.3
mtk
New link to tsearch.3.
tsearch.3
mtk
Added tdestroy to .TH line.
mem.4
mtk
Change "chown root:mem /dev/mem" to "chown root:kmem /dev/mem".
null.4
mtk
Change "chown root:mem /dev/null /dev/zero" to
"chown root:root /dev/null /dev/zero".
vcs.4
Dan Jacobson / Martin (Joey) Schulze
Replaced "selection(1)" by "gpm(8)" under SEE ALSO
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=253515
signal.7
Ove Kaaven
SA_SIGACTION should be SA_SIGINFO
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=305369
urn.7
mtk
New link to uri.7
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.06 ====================
Released: 2005-07-15
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Bhavesh P Davda <bhavesh@avaya.com>
Clau Weber <claus@jambit.com>
Dov Murik <dov@dv-networks.com>
David Lloyd <dlloyd@microbits.com.au>
Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>
Martin Pool <mbp@sourcefrog.net>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>
Steven Murdoch <Steven.Murdoch@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Many uses of hyphens and dashes were corrected.
New pages
---------
canonicalize_file_name.3
Walter Harms / mtk
Removed Pages
-------------
sstk.2
mtk
AFAIK, this system call has never actually done anything (other
than be a stub) on any Unix.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
mtk
Various wording and formatting fixes.
bind.2
mtk
Minor formatting changes
clone.2
mtk
Various minor wording improvements; some formatting fixes
connect.2
mtk
Various wording and formatting fixes.
epoll_create.2
Bhavesh P Davda
s/positive/non-negative/ [for file descriptor]
getrlimit.2
mtk
Documented RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE limit.
RLIMIT_RSS ceased to have any effect in 2.4 in kernel 2.4.30.
(It already didn't have any effect in 2.2.x and 2.6.x.)
s/MADVISE_WILLNEED/MADV_WILLNEED/
listen.2
mtk
Removed historic comment on BSD backlog ceiling.
Minor wording and formatting changes.
semop.2
mtk
Added BUG: in some circumstances, a process that is
waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not woken
up when the value does actually reach zero.
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110260821123863&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110261701025794&w=2
socket.2
mtk
Various minor wording improvements
umask.2
mtk
Added mkdir(2) to discussion, made term "file mode creation
mask" clearer.
Various, mostly small, wording changes
errno.3
Martin Pool
Change description for ESTALE
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=237344
fgetgrent.3
getgrent.3
getgrent_r.3
David Lloyd
Added SEE ALSO putgrent(3)
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=211336
getgrent.3
getgrnam.3
getpwent.3
getpwnam.3
Lars Wirzenius / mtk
Replace mention of /etc/{passwd,group} by references to
"passwd/group database", and LDAP and NIS.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316117
mtk
Miscellaneous wording improvements
Consistent DESCRIPTION and ERRORS wording across these pages.
getnameinfo.3
mtk
Relocate misplaced text describing gai_strerror().
getnetent.3
Petter Reinholdtsen
s/endservent/endnetent/
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316517
getspnam.3
Lars Wirzenius / mtk
Replace mention of /etc/shadow by references to
"shadow password database", and LDAP and NIS.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316117
mtk, Claus Weber
Miscellaneous wording improvements
Consistent DESCRIPTION wording vis-a-vis getpwnam.3 etc.
hsearch.3
Frederik Deweerdt
Fix hsearch_r() prototype
scanf.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Fix description of RETURN VALUE
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=317037
mtk
various parts substantially rewritten; added description of
%n$ form; various text incorporated from the GNU C library
documentation ((C) The Free Software Foundation).
shm_open.3
mtk
Modified details of how user and group ownership of a new
object are set.
Various minor wording and formatting cleanups.
elf.5
Mike Frysinger
tweaked the short description to include definition of 'ELF'
add ELFOSABI_NONE to the ELFOSABI_ list
tweak/add more machines to EM_ list for ehdr->e_machine
fix indenting to be consistent
tweak the display of the ELF_ST_* macros
document the Elf_Dyn structure
proc.5
mtk
Updated discussion of /proc/stat.
Added text on the /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* files.
ip.7
Steven Murdoch
Change protocol in UDP prototype.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182635
tcp.7
Dov Murik
The first sentence under NOTES about SO_KEEPALIVE and SIGPIPE
makes no grammatical sense (and possibly also no technical sense).
It has been removed.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.07 ====================
Released: 2005-07-19
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
The terms "set-user-ID" and "set-group-ID" are now used
consistently (no abbreviations) across all manual pages.
Various pages
mtk
Consistent use of "saved set-user-ID" and "saved set-group-ID"
(no more "saved user ID", "saved effective UID",
saved group ID", etc.)
Various pages
mtk
Global fixes in textual descriptions:
uid --> UID
gid --> GID
pid --> PID
id --> ID
Various pages
mtk
Consistent use of st_atime, st_ctime, st_mtime, with
explanatory text, instead of atime/ctime/mtime.
Various pages
mtk
Classical BSD versions are now always named x.yBSD (formerly
there was a mix of x.yBSD and BSD x.y).
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
setresuid.2
mtk
Some rewording.
stat.2
Mike Frysinger
Improve description of st_dev and st_rdev.
mtk
Various wording and formatting improvements.
truncate.2
mtk
Some formatting fixes
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.08 ====================
Released: 2005-09-21
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Alain PORTAL <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andrew Pimlott <andrew@pimlott.net>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Baurzhan Ismagulov <ibr@radix50.net>
Bernhard R. Link <brlink@debian.org>
Bodo Stroesser <bstroesser@fujitsu-siemens.com>
David N. Welton <davidw@eidetix.com>
Dov Murik <dov@dv-networks.com>
Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi>
Hasso Tepper <hasso@estpak.ee>
Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Ludovic Courtes <ludovic.courtes@laas.fr>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Norbert Buchmuller <norbi.spam@nix.hu>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Ramiro Aceves <ea1abz@gmail.com>
Tommy Pettersson <ptp@lysator.liu.se>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
RFC references are now always written as "RFC\ nnn"
(not "RFC nnn" or "RFCnnn").
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
du.1
Mike Frysinger
To get an effect like "-h", BLOCKSIZE must start with "human",
not "HUMAN".
time.1
Mike Frysinger
s/standard output/standard error/
clone.2
Paul Brook / mtk
Fix small error in description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
connect.2
Heikki Orsila
Add EINTR error
See http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/12/254
getpriority.2
mtk
Expanded discussion of relationship between user and kernel
representations of the nice value.
Added discussion of RLIMIT_NICE and a cross reference to
getrlimit.2 under the description of the EACCES error.
Noted 2.6.12 change in credentials checking for setpriority().
getrlimit.2
mtk
Added description of RLIMIT_RTPRIO
Added description of RLIMIT_NICE
mmap.2
mtk
Noted bug in MAP_POPULATE for kernels before 2.6.7.
mremap.2
mtk
Added _GNU_SOURCE to prototype.
Rewrote description of MREMAP_MAYMOVE.
Rewrote description of EAGAIN error.
Added discussion of resizing of memory locks.
Added entries to SEE ALSO.
Some formatting fixes.
msgctl.2
mtk
Added IPC_INFO, MSG_INFO, MSG_STAT descriptions.
nanosleep.2
Baurzhan Ismagulov
Add to prototype: define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=314435
nice.2
mtk
Added sentence noting that range of the nice value is described
in getpriority.2.
Added cross-reference to setrlimit(2) for discussion on
RLIMIT_NICE.
outb.2
David N. Welton / Justin Pryzby / mtk
Clarified the order of value and port arguments;
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=263756
pause.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO for sigsuspend.2
Some formatting fixes.
poll.2
Tommy Pettersson
nfds should be prototyped as nfds_t
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=322934
mtk
Some wording and formatting improvements.
prctl.2
mtk
Since kernel 2.6.13 PR_SET_DUMPABLE can also have the value 2.
rand.3
Hrvoje Niksic / mtk
Remove misleading text describing FreeBSD's sranddev() function.
As per debian bug 328629
readv.2
mtk / Walter harms
Added LINUX NOTES on trickery performed by glibc when
vector size exceeds IOV_MAX.
Formatting clean-ups.
remap_file_pages.2
mtk
Added text to note that start and size are both rounded downward.
sched_setparam.2
mtk
Modified discussion of privileges; added pointer to
sched_setscheduler.2 for a discussion of privileges and
resource limits.
sched_setscheduler.2
mtk
Modified discussion of privileges; added discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO.
semctl.2
mtk
Added IPC_INFO, SEM_INFO, SEM_STAT descriptions.
shmctl.2
mtk
Added IPC_INFO, SHM_INFO, SHM_STAT descriptions.
sigaction.2
mtk
Split sigpending(), sigprocmask(), and sigsuspend() out
into separate new pages.
Other minor changes
mtk
NOTES: described SA_NODEFER / sa_mask bug which was present in
all kernels up to and including 2.6.13.
See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112360948603171&w=2
and http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112362164911432&w=2
List: linux-kernel
Subject: Signal handling possibly wrong
From: Bodo Stroesser
Date: 2005-08-09 17:44:06
signal.2
mtk
Updated SEE ALSO to reflect splitting of sigaction.2 into
sigaction.2, sigsuspend.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2
sigpending.2
mtk
New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2
Changed CONFORMING TO.
sigprocmask.2
mtk
New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2
Added text on effect of NULL for 'set' argument.
Added text noting effect of ignoring SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGILL,
and SIGSEGV.
Noted that sigprocmask() can't be used in multithreaded process.
Fixed EINVAL error diagnostic.
Changed CONFORMING TO.
sigsuspend.2
mtk
New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2
Added NOTES on usage.
Added new text to DESCRIPTION.
Changed CONFORMING TO.
stat.2
Mike Frysinger
Improve st_blocks description.
carg.3
Ramiro Aceves / aeb
Change:
One has carg(z) = atan(creal(z) / cimag(z))
to:
One has tan(carg(z)) = cimag(z) / creal(z)
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=326720
cmsg.3
mtk
s/SOL_TCP/IPPROTO_TCP/ (POSIX standard name)
dlopen.3
Alain Portal
s/-nostartupfiles/-nostartfiles/
getaddrinfo.3
mtk
Nowadays (since 2.3.4) glibc only sets the first ai_canonname
field if AI_CANONNAME was specified (the current behavior
is all that SUSv3 requires).
1,$s/PF_/AF_/g
Added descriptions of AI_ALL, AI_ADDRCONFIG, AI_V4MAPPED,
and AI_NUMERICSERV.
Some wording and formatting fixes.
getpwnam.3
Bernhard R. Link / mtk
Add NOTES text describing relationship of pw_dir and HOME and
pointing out that applications should preferentially inspect HOME.
inet.3
Mike Frysinger
Mention "little endian" and "big endian".
Added note about octal and hex interpretation of
numbers-and-dots notation.
rpc.3
mtk / Ludovic Courtes
Commented out references to rpc_secure(3) -- we don't currently
have such a page in the man-pages set.
In response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=325115
setenv.3
mtk
glibc 2.3.4 fixed the "name contains '='" bug.
strnlen.3
Mike Frysinger
Added "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to prototype.
initrd.4
Norbert Buchmuller / mtk
Added text noting that the use or real-root-dev for changing
the root device is obsolete, in favor of pivot root.
(However, the page still needs to be rewritten to actually
describe the pivot_root method...)
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=323621
proc.5
mtk
Improve text describing /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* files.
Describe /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable (new in 2.6.13).
Added placeholder mention of /proc/zoneinfo (new in 2.6.13).
More needs to be said about this file.
Repaired earlier cut and paste mistake which resulted
in part of the text of this page being duplicated.
utmp.5
Mike Frysinger
Added text on biarch details for ut_session and ut_tv.
capabilities.7
mtk
Added CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL and CAP_AUDIT_WRITE.
ip.7
mtk / Andrew Pimlott
Add a couple of words to make it clear that port is a 16-bit number.
Reformat long source lines (no text changed).
s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name)
Hasso Tepper
Fix discussion of IPC_RECVTTL / IP_TTL.
signal.7
mtk
Updated SEE ALSO to reflect splitting of sigaction.2 into
sigaction.2, sigsuspend.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2.
socket.7
mtk
Clarified details of use of SO_PEERCRED.
tcp.7
mtk
s/SOL_TCP/IPPROTO_TCP/ (POSIX standard name)
s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name)
udp.7
mtk
Added description of UDP_CORK socket option.
s/SOL_UDP/IPPROTO_UDP/ (POSIX standard name)
s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name)
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.09 ====================
Released: 2005-10-13
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@justinpryzby.com>
Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Tomas Pospisek <tpo_deb@sourcepole.ch>
Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
ptsname.3
getpt.3
unlockpt.3
openpty.3
posix_openpt.3
grantpt.3
pts.4
tty_ioctl.4
mtk
Added SEE ALSO for new pty.7 page.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
pty.7
mtk
Overview of Unix 98 and BSD pseudo-terminals.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
mtk
Remove "-V" option (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
fcntl.2
Peter Chubb / Trond Myklebust / mtk
Since kernel 2.6.10, a read lease can only be placed on a
file descriptor that is opened read-only.
See the following LKML thread of Aug 2005
("fcntl(F GETLEASE) semantics??"):
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112371777712197&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112374818213000&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112376335305284&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112377294030092&w=2
mprotect.2
mtk
Add new text to ENOMEM error.
mremap.2
mtk
Added description of MREMAP_FIXED and 'new_address' argument
under NOTES.
Revised text of EINVAL error.
read.2
Samuel Thibault / mtk
read() can fail with EINVAL when using O_DIRECT
mtk
Added open(2) to SEE ALSO.
shmget.2
mtk
s/int/size_t/ for type of 'size' argument (fix from
Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
write.2
Samuel Thibault / mtk
write() can fail with EINVAL when using O_DIRECT
atanh.3
mtk
Fix: s/acosh/atanh/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
fopen.3
mtk
Improved "a+" description (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
getrpcent.3
mtk
s/getrpcent/setrpcent/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
stdio.3
mtk / Justin Pryzby
Removed references to fropen() and fwopen(), which are
BSDisms that don't appear in glibc.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=331174
strftime.3
mtk
Typo fix: %Ry ==> %Ey [SUSv3 mentions...] (fix from
Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
nsswitch.conf.5
mtk
s/network/networks/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
proc.5
mtk
Added description of /proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout.
socket.7
mtk
Update description of SO_RCVLOWAT and SO_SNDLOWAT.
(fix derived from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7).
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.10 ====================
Released: 2005-10-19
Global changes
--------------
The changes in this release consist *solely* of formatting fixes, with
the aim bringing greater consistency to the manual pages according to
the following rules:
-- Function name references should *always* be followed by
parentheses, "()" (possibly containing a manual page section
number).
-- The parentheses following a function name should *not* be
formatted. Thus, for example, instead of:
.B name()
one should write:
.BR name ()
Much of the change was automated using two scripts:
add_parens_for_own_funcs.sh and unformat_parens.sh.
For the (possible) benefit of downstream manual page maintainers and
translators, I have placed these scripts in a new subdirectory 'scripts'.
NOTE THE FOLLOWING POINTS WELL:
-- These scripts provide a computer-assisted solution to the above
two goals. However, they are not perfect, and their output should
be scanned by a human. (To see what changes the two scripts
*would* make, without making them, use the "-n" command line option.)
-- The scripts do not fix all instances that violate the above rules:
some manual fixes are required. Two further scripts are provided
to help find remaining instances of function names without
following "()": find_dots_no_parens.sh and find_slashes_no_parens.sh.
The following changes were made:
-- add_parens_for_own_funcs.sh was applied to the pages in Sections
2 and 3.
-- unformat_parens.sh was applied to pages in Sections 2, 3, 4, and 7
(the only sections where such changes were required).
-- further changes (not so very many) were performed by hand.
(found places to fix with the assistance of find_dots_no_parens.sh
and find_slashes_no_parens.sh).
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.11 ====================
Released: 2005-10-24
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain PORTAL <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
Most instances of the constant "NULL" are not formatted (bolded) in
man pages, but a few are. For consistency, formatting on "NULL" has
been removed where it occurred.
Many minor formatting fixes were made.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
getrlimit.2
mtk
Added EINVAL error for rlim_cur > rlim_max when calling setrlimit().
path_resolution.2
mtk
Repaired discussion of capabilities and file system UID, which
mistakenly had involved exec() in the discussion.
prctl.2
mtk
Removed text saying there is no library interface. There
is nowadays.
mkfifo.3
mtk
Minor change to RETURN VALUE text.
sk98lin.4
Alain Portal
Formatting fixes.
capabilities.7
mtk
Minor changes.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.12 ====================
Released: 2005-10-31
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
herbert <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Martin Landers <martin.landers@treibgut.net>
Michael Benedict <benedict@starbak.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mlock.2
mtk
Reworded text around PAGESIZE, noting also that
sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) can be used.
path_resolution.2
mtk / aeb
Removed words "as well" (added in 2.11) from the phrase
"and it gets these last five capabilities if its fsuid is 0 as well"
since there are (unusual) situations in which fsuid can be 0 while
the effective UID is not.
Reworked (cut down) discussion of capabilities, moving part of
it into capabilities.7
setresuid.2
mtk
Add text to note that setresuid() always modifies the file
system UID, and setresgid() likewise always modifies the file
system GID.
shmget.2
mtk
Added (brief) description of SHM_HUGETLB.
sigaltstack.2
mtk / Martin Landers
Noted that ss_sp is automatically aligned by the kernel.
byteorder.3
Brian M. Carlson / herbert
Change <netinet/in.h> to <arpa/inet.h> in prototype; add text
explaining that some systems need the former header.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265244
capabilities.7
mtk
Reworked part of the discussion of exec() and capabilities.
Added sub-section "Effect of User ID Changes on Capabilities".
Reworked discussion of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and file-max.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.13 ====================
Released: 2005-11-03
This release consists entirely of formatting and typographical fixes.
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Various pages
mtk
Function and page cross references that were italicized were
made bold (which is how the majority of function and page
cross references were already done).
Various pages
mtk
Instances of things like "NULL-terminated string" were changed to
"null-terminated string".
Various pages
mtk
Pathnames, structures, arguments, and <header-files> that were
bold were changed to italics.
Various pages
mtk
Instances of the constant "NULL" that were bold-faced were made
unformatted (which is how most instances of "NULL" were already
formatted.)
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.14 ====================
Released: 2005-11-17
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Angelo <ang3l0@katamail.com>
Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@nit.ca>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Stefan Brüns <stefan.bruens@rwth-aachen.de>
Volker Reichelt <reichelt@igpm.rwth-aachen.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
rexec.3
mtk / Justin Pryzby
This page is taken as is from the FreeBSD 5.4 distribution.
(Not checked against Linux reality, but likely things are
the same.)
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=336875
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
arch_prctl.2
mtk
Updated discussion about lack of prototype in glibc.
execve.2
mtk
Improved description of E2BIG error: it relates to the sum
of the bytes in both environment and argument list.
fcntl.2
mtk
Clarified parts of the discussion of file leases,
noting effect of open(O_NONBLOCK), interruption
by signal handler, or termination by signal in
lease breaker. In response to
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=339037
stat.2
mtk / Stefan Brüns
Added LINUX NOTES describing nanosecond timestamps.
frexp.3
Volker Reichelt / mtk
Fixed to point out that frexp() returns a number whose
*absolute* value is >= 0.5 and < 1. Amended the example
program to demonstrate this.
open.2
mtk / Avery Pennarun
Add EWOULDBLOCK error for file leases.
In response to
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=339037
putenv.3
mtk
Although the glibc implementation returns -1 on error (and some
other man pages (e.g., the BSDs) also document that value for
error returns), SUSv3 merely says "non-zero" (and this is
what manual pages on many implementations also say).
posix_memalign.3
mtk
Formerly, the page said that all systems declare memalign() in
<malloc.h>. In fact, many declare it in <stdlib.h>.
strtok.3
mtk
Almost a complete rewrite after Angelo pointed out
that the existing page was deficient.
sd.4
Martin Schulze
Remove SEE ALSO for nonexistent scsi.4.
proc.5
mtk
Updated discussion of /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max.
signal.7
mtk
Added pthreads.7 to SEE ALSO.
ld.so.8
mtk
Fix typo: s/LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT/LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.15 ====================
Released: 2005-11-30
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
James Vega <jamessan@debian.org>
Malcolm Scott <mas90@io.malc.org.uk>
Senthil Kumar <senthilkumar_sen@hotpop.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
sigvec.3 -- for details, see below.
sigset.3 -- for details, see below.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
kill.2
mtk
Added text describing the 2.6.[0-7] EPERM bug that occurred
when sending signals to a process group.
sigaction.2
mtk
Noted that si_signo is unused on Linux.
sigpending.2
mtk
Added BUGS noting wrapper function problem that existed
in glibc versions <= 2.2.1.
sigpause.2
mtk
Moved to section 3; see also sigpause.3 below.
sigsetops.3
mtk
Added a GLIBC NOTES section describing sigisemptyset(),
sigandset(), and sigorset().
sigvec.2
sigblock.2
mtk
These pages have been deleted, and replaced by a new sigvec.3
man page that more fully describes the BSD signal API.
siggetmask.2
sigmask.2
sigsetmask.2
mtk
These links to the now-deleted sigblock.2 have been also been
deleted. They are replaced by corresponding links in Section 3:
sigmask.3, sigsetmask.3, siggetmask.3.
sigvec.3
mtk
This new page is provides a fuller description of the
BSD signal API than was provided in the now-deleted sigvec.2
and sigblock.2.
sigblock.3
siggetmask.3
sigmask.3
sigsetmask.3
mtk
Created as links to sigvec.3.
sigpause.3
mtk
Moved here from Section 2.
Some minor wording fixes; clarified System V origins of
X/Open flavor of this function.
sigset.3
mtk
New page describing the System V signal API: sigset(), sighold(),
sigrelse(), sigignore().
strftime.3
James Vega
Add further text clarifying that %+ specifier is not supported in
glibc2.
mtk
Added GLIBC NOTES section describing optional 'flag' and 'width'
components of conversion specifiers.
Some wording changes to bring terminology closer to SUSv3.
Added an example program.
vm86old.2
mtk / aeb
Add as new link to vm86.2.
intro.7
mtk
Added a few words to reflect the fact that several of the section
7 pages provide overviews of various topics.
signal.7
mtk
Added some SEE ALSO entries.
socket.7
Senthil Kumar / mtk
Added text noting that select()/poll() do not respect SO_RCVLOWAT.
udp.7
Malcolm Scott
s/tcp_socket/udp_socket/ in example
Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=340927
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.16 ====================
Released: 2005-12-02
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
HOWTOHELP
Urs Thuermann
Added instructions for finding maintainer in Debian package.
poll.2
mtk
Added NOTES about INFTIM constant provided on some other
implementations.
shmop.2
Alan Stern
The -1 error return of shmat() should be cast "(void *)".
strftime.3
aeb
Remove junk text (actually intended as source code comment
in page).
ip.7
Urs Thuermann
Fix a typo: s/SOCK_RAW/SOCK_PACKET/
packet.7
Urs Thuermann
Clarification: s%SOCK_PACKET%PF_INET/SOCK_PACKET%
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.17 ====================
Released: 2005-12-13
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
fmemopen.3
Walter Harms / mtk
New documentation for the glibc-specific fmemopen() and
open_memstream(). Based on glibc info page.
pipe.7
mtk (with prompting and suggestions for improvements by
Michael Haardt)
New page providing overview of pipes and FIFOs.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
HOWTOHELP
mtk
Added notes on how to write example programs for manual pages.
fork.2
mtk
Added pointers to examples of fork() in wait.2 and pipe.2.
pipe.2
mtk
Added an example program.
Added SEE ALSO for new pipe.7 page.
wait.2
mtk
Added example program demonstrating use of fork() and waitpid().
carg.3
Justin Pryzby
Delete line that should have been deleted when applying
2.08 fix for this page.
getaddrinfo.3
mtk
Rearranged EAI_* list alphabetically.
inet.3
mtk
Added GLIBC NOTES describing feature test macros required
to expose declaration of inet_aton().
open_memstream.3
mtk
New link to new fmemopen.3.
fifo.4
mtk
Added SEE ALSO for new pipe.7 page.
environ.5
mtk
Removed BROWSER, since it seems not in fact to be common.
socket.7
Urs Thuermann
Added documentation of SO_TIMESTAMP.
tcp.7
mtk
Noted 200 millisecond ceiling imposed on TCP_CORK.
udp.7
mtk
Rearranged options into something approximating alphabetical order.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.18 ====================
Released: 2005-12-15
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sf.net>
Karsten Sperling <karsten.sperling@stud.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bind.2
mtk
Added mention of AF_INET6 address family.
Added discussion of sockaddr structure and an example in the
Unix domain.
recv.2
mtk
Put 'flags' list in alphabetical order.
send.2
mtk
Added cross-reference from discussion of MSG_MORE to UDP_CORK
in udp(7).
Put 'flags' list in alphabetical order.
err.3
mtk
Added CONFORMING TO section noting that these are
non-standard BSDisms.
errno.3
Justin Pryzby
Added SEE ALSO for err.3.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867
gethostbyname.3
Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk
Added references to nsswitch.conf(5); remove cross references
to resolv+(8).
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=308397
perror.3
Justin Pryzby
Added SEE ALSO for err.3 .
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867
resolver.3
mtk / Martin (Joey) Schulze
Remove cross references to resolv+(8); add cross references to
resolv.conf(5).
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=214892
Added SEE ALSO entry for resolver(5);
see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=251122
strerror.3
mtk / Stefan Puiu
Rewrote and extended the discussion of the two flavors of
strerror_r(), and added some additional information on
strerror().
Justin Pryzby
Added SEE ALSO for err.3, as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867
elf.5
Mike Frysinger
Fix three typos in identifier names.
operator.7
Karsten Sperling
The + operator should be in the list of unary operators.
raw.7
mtk
Small wording changes around discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT.
Fixed a couple of wording errors elsewhere.
Reformatted some long lines.
socket.7
mtk, after a note by Stefan Puiu
Updated discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT.
Reformatted some long lines.
Noted the Linux-specific feature whereby setsockopt() doubles
the value given for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF.
Noted kernel-imposed minimum values for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF.
udp.7
mtk, after a note by Stefan Puiu
Updated discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT.
unix.7
mtk
Added new (UN)SUPPORTED FEATURES section in which it is noted
that Unix domain sockets do not support MSG_OOB or MSG_MORE.
Noted details of SO_SNBUF and SO_RCVBUF support for
Unix domain sockets.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.19 ====================
Released: 2005-12-23
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
HOWTOHELP
mtk
Minor changes.
bind.2
Stefan Puiu / mtk
Remove text under EINVAL error: "This may change in the future:
see linux/unix/sock.c for details." This behavior has been
unchanged for a long time, and seems unlikely to change.
Add EADDRINUSE to errors.
send.2
aeb
Add cmsg(3) to SEE ALSO.
fopen.3
Walter Harms / mtk
Added description of 'x' mode character (exclusive open).
pipe.7
mtk / aeb
Some wording changes to description of pipes.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.20 ====================
Released: 2006-01-03
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
sigaltstack.2
mtk
Added some text to explain the usual scenario in which
sigaltstack() is employed.
getloadavg.3
mtk
Noted that this function is available since glibc 2.2.
strcpy.3
mtk
s/nulls/null bytes/
capabilities.7
mtk
Noted that capability bounding set appeared with kernel 2.2.11.
arp.7
icmp.7
ip.7
ipv6.7
netdevice.7
packet.7
raw.7
rtnetlink.7
socket.7
tcp.7
unix.7
udp.7
mtk
The only changes to these pages have been for formatting:
-- Structure definitions were changed to K&R style
-- Some long source lines were broken to fit into ~70
character lines.
No changes were made to the content of these pages (yet...).
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.21 ====================
Released: 2006-01-16
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Falk Hueffner <falk@debian.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Senthil Kumar <senthilkumar_sen@hotpop.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
dd.1 cp.1
truncate.2 gethostname.2 lseek.2 listxattr.2 readlink.2
sysfs.2 stat.2 ustat.2 uname.2 getdomainname.2
argz_add.3 asprintf.3 confstr.3 bstring.3 bzero.3 dlopen.3 fwide.3
gethostbyname.3 getline.3 getlogin.3 getnameinfo.3 getpass.3 hsearch.3
perror.3 printf.3 readdir.3 scanf.3 stpcpy.3 strdup.3 strfmon.3
strftime.3 string.3 strptime.3 sysconf.3 termios.3 ttyname.3
dsp56k.4 tty_ioctl.4
elf.5 proc.5 termcap.5
charsets.7 unix.7
mtk
Various pages use inconsistent terms for 'null byte' (which
is the C99/SUSv3 term for the '\0' character).
To rectify this the following changes were made in the above
pages:
Replace 'zero byte' with 'null byte'.
Replace 'null character' with 'null byte'.
Replace 'nulls' with 'null bytes'.
Replace 'NUL-terminated' by 'null-terminated'.
Replace 'NUL' by 'null byte'.
Replace 'terminating NUL' by 'terminating null byte'.
Replace 'final NUL' by 'terminating null byte'.
Replace 'NUL character' by 'null byte'.
Various pages
mtk
Replace "SysV"/"SYSV" by "System V".
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
mtk
Noted bug that could wrongly cause EPERM in unprivileged
capset() with 'pid' field == getpid().
epoll_ctl.2
mtk
Noted that EPOLLONESHOT was added in 2.6.2.
gethostname.2
mtk
Added GLIBC NOTES describing operation of glibc's
gethostname() wrapper function.
mmap.2
mtk / Mike Frysinger
Clarify relationship between mmap2(2) and mmap64(3).
mtk
A few other small rewordings.
mmap64.3
Mike Frysinger
New link to mmap.2.
open.2
mtk
Added BUG noting that O_ASYNC can't be enabled via
open(): fcntl() must be used for this purpose.
recv.2
Stefan Puiu
Relocate misplaced discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT.
dlopen.3
mtk
Rewrote discussion of dlopen() 'flag' argument;
added descriptions of RTLD_NOLOAD, RTLD_DELETE,
and RTLD_DEEPBIND.
Noted use of atexit() to register a function that is
automatically called when a library is unloaded.
fmemopen.3
mtk
Rewrote substantial parts of the page, and relicensed under GPL.
fseeko.3
Mike Frysinger
Add RETURN VALUE section.
getopt.3
mtk
Noted historical use of <stdio.h> to declare getopt().
qsort.3
mtk / Falk Hueffner
Clarify how strcmp() should be used as the 'compar'
function by providing an example.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=348072
proc.5
mtk
Noted that /proc/mounts is pollable since kernel 2.6.15.
Documented /proc/PID/task.
Noted that the contents of /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,fd,root,task}
are not available if the main thread has terminated.
Senthil Kumar
Add pointer to random(4) for description of files under
/proc/sys/kernel/random.
udp.7
Stefan Puiu / mtk
Small rewording of discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT
(add cross-ref to socket(7)).
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.22 ====================
Released: 2006-02-02
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Colin Tuckley <colin@tuckley.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Thomas Hood <jdthood@yahoo.co.uk>
Thorsten Kukuk <kukuk@suse.de>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mmap.2
aeb / mtk
Noted that portable applications should specify fd as -1
when using MAP_ANONYMOUS.
Some rewriting of description of MAP_ANONYMOUS.
rt_sigreturn.2
Thorsten Kukuk
New link to sigreturn.2.
rt_sigsuspend.2
mtk
New link to sigsuspend.2.
waitid.2
mtk
Noted that waitid() does not set infop->si_uid field on
most other implementations.
getopt.3
Walter harms / mtk
Make clear that when calling getopt_long() and there are no
short options, then 'optstring' should be "", not NULL.
openpty.3
Thomas Hood / mtk
In glibc 2.0.92, openpty() was modified to preferably open
Unix 98 ptys instead of BSD ptys.
qsort.3
mtk
Small rewording under EXAMPLES.
strtol.3
strtoul.3
Stefan Puiu
s/string must begin/string may begin/
proc.5
mtk
Documented inotify files under /proc/sys/fs/inotify:
max_queued_events, max_user_instances, and max_user_watches.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.23 ====================
Released: 2006-02-10
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Britton Leo Kerin <bkerin_rb@letterboxes.org>
Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Luc Van Oostenryck <lkml@looxix.net>
Kurt Wall <kwall@kurtwerks.com>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Matthias Andree <matthias.andree@gmx.de>
Robert Love <rlove@rlove.org>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
inotify_init.2
inotify_add_watch.2
inotify_rm_watch.2
Robert Love, with some additions by mtk.
New pages describing the inotify API.
mbind.2
get_mempolicy.2
set_mempolicy.2
Andi Kleen, with additional work by mtk
New pages describing the NUMA memory allocation policy API.
Drawn from the set at ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/ak/numa.
rtc.4
Urs Thuermann, with additional work by mtk
New page describing the real-time clock driver.
inotify.7
mtk
Overview of the inotify API.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Andi Kleen
On x86, clone() should not be called through vsyscall,
but directly through "int $0x80".
fcntl.2
mtk
Small wording changes.
Added cross-ref to inotify.7 under the description of dnotify.
kill.2
mtk / Britton Leo Kerin
Small wording change under NOTES to clarify
what happens when a process sends a signal to itself.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=350236
mlock.2
mtk / Matthias Andree
Added BUGS txt on interaction between MCL_FUTURE and
RLIMIT_MEMLOCK.
See the following LKML thread:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113801392825023&w=2
"Rationale for RLIMIT_MEMLOCK"
msgop.2
mtk / Samuel Thibault
Rewrote declaration of 'msgp' to be "void *" in response
to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=350884
Various other wording fixes.
open.2
mtk
Clarify distinction between "file creation flags" and
"file status flags".
read.2
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE ALSO for pread(2).
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351873
sched_setaffinity.2
mtk
Major rewrite.
select.2
mtk
Added return types to prototypes for FD_SET(), FD_CLR(),
FD_ZERO, and FD_ISSET().
Other minor wording changes.
read.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO for pwrite(2).
(Analogous with read.2 change above.)
errno.3
Kurt Wall / mtk
Add Linux specific errors to this page.
localeconv.3
mtk
Added cross-ref to locale.7 for 'struct lconv' defn.
Other minor wording changes.
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Added SEE ALSO refs for nl_langinfo.3
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351831
scanf.3
mtk / Justin Pryzby
Minor formatting & wording fixes.
setlocale.3
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Added SEE ALSO refs for nl_langinfo.3
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351831
proc.5
mtk
Migrated description of inotify files to the new inotify.7 page.
ascii.7
Dan Jacobson / mtk
Add text describing characters 001 to 037.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=342173
locale.7
mtk
Minor wording and formatting changes.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.24 ====================
Released: 2006-02-17
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Joerg Habenicht <habenich@planetserver.com>
Luc Van Oostenryck <lkml@looxix.net>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
get_kernel_syms.2
create_module.2
delete_module.2
init_module.2
query_module.2
FSF / mtk (with assistance of Luc Van Oostenryck)
man-pages finally gets pages for these system calls, several
of which are obsolete in Linux 2.6.
Took the old GPLed pages dated 1996 and made a number of
clean-ups and minor additions.
Global changes
--------------
various pages
mtk
Change "file name" to "filename"
Change "path name" to "pathname"
stpncpy.3
strstr.3
strcmp.3
toupper.3
strlen.3
stpcpy.3
puts.3
strdup.3
strtok.3
isalpha.3
strspn.3
gets.3
strpbrk.3
mtk after a suggestion from Samuel Thibault
Added SEE ALSO pointers to wide character equivalent functions
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351996
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
mtk
Remove duplicate CLONE_STOPPED text.
Commented out crufty text describing EINVAL error
for the now obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag.
Under CLONE_SIGHAND, noted that 'flags' must also include
CLONE_VM if CLONE_SIGHAND is specified.
fcntl.2
mtk
Under ERRORS: Separate out EAGAIN error for locking mmaped files.
inotify_add_watch.2
mtk
Minor wording fix.
msgop.2
mtk
Documented the EAGAIN error for msgrcv().
fnmatch.3
Mike Frysinger / mtk
Expand explanation of FNM_PATHNAME.
lockf.3
Joerg Habenicht / mtk
Fix up discussion of EAGAIN/EACCESS errors.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.25 ====================
Released: 2006-03-02
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
James Peach <jpeach@samba.org>
Krzysztof Benedyczak <golbi@mat.uni.torun.pl>
Marten von Gagern <Martin.vGagern@gmx.net>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Michael Wronksi <michal.wronski@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
mq_close.3
mq_getattr.3
mq_notify.3
mq_open.3
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
mq_unlink.3
mtk
New pages describing POSIX message queue API.
posix_fallocate.3
mtk, after a suggestion by James Peach
New page describing posix_fallocate().
mq_overview.7
mtk
New page giving overview of the POSIX message queue API.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
lseek.2
Michael Haardt
Add a case to the EINVAL error text.
mtk
Various minor wording fixes
Added SEE ALSO referring to new posix_fallocate.3.
posix_fadvise.2
mtk
Added "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600" to prototype.
Added SEE ALSO referring to new posix_fallocate.3.
proc.5
mtk
Migrated information on POSIX message queues to new mqueue.7 page.
inotify.7
Marten von Gagern
Fix thinko: s/assuming a non-blocking/assuming a blocking/
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.26 ====================
Released: 2006-03-21
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Hasso Tepper <hasso@estpak.ee>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
Steve Beattie <sbeattie@suse.de>
Walter Harms <walter.harms@informatik.uni-oldenburg.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
clone.2
getdents.2
gettid.2
llseek.2
mmap2.2
modify_ldt.2
pivot_root.2
quotactl.2
readdir.2
sysctl.2
syslog.2
tkill.2
mtk, aeb, Steve Beattie
Added comment in SYNOPSIS to note that syscall(2) may be
preferable over _syscallN (see intro(2)).
Various minor formatting changes were done on a range of
pages in Section 7. (No content was changed.)
New pages
---------
openat.2
mtk
New page describing openat(2), added in kernel 2.6.16,
and some notes on rationale for the at*(2) system calls.
mbind.2
Andi Kleen, Christoph Lameter, mtk
Added MPOL_MF_MOVE and MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL descriptions,
from numactl-0.9.2 man page.
Plus a few other smaller fixes.
fexecve.3
mtk
New page describing fexecve(3).
futimes.3
mtk
New page describing futimes(3).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
execve.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO pointing to new fexecve.3.
intro.2
mtk, aeb, Steve Beattie
Added some notes on syscall(2) versus _syscall.
msgctl.2
msgget.2
msgop.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO pointing to mq_overview.7.
open.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO pointing to new openat.2.
Split out part of the RETURN VALUE text into separate
NOTES section.
Modified wording referring to raw(8) to
indicate that this interface is deprecated.
poll.2
mtk
Added discussion of ppoll(2), which is new in 2.6.16.
ppoll.2
mtk
New link to poll.2.
recvmsg.2
sendmsg.2
mtk / Paul Brook
Added text to note that although POSIX says msg_controllen
should be socklen_t, glibc actually uses size_t.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=356502
and the associated glibc bug report.
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2448
mtk
Various formatting fixes.
select.2
mtk
Updated to reflect the fact that pselect() has been implemented
in the kernel in 2.6.16; various other minor wording changes.
pselect() prototype needs "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600".
tempnam.3
Justin Pryzby
Clean up description of EEXIST error.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=357893
unlink.2
mtk
Added a little extra text to clarify EISDIR vs EPERM.
utime.2
mtk
Added new SEE ALSO entry pointing to new futimes.3 page.
exec.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO pointing to new fexecve.3.
shm_unlink.3
mtk
New link to shm_open.3 (should have been made when page
was originally written).
swab.3
Walter Harms
Add needed "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE".
undocumented.3
mtk
Updated to remove a few function names that are now documented.
capabilities.7
mtk
Various changes to bring this page closer to
current kernel versions.
inotify.7
mtk
Noted that glibc 2.4 is required to get glibc support
for inotify.
mq_overview.7
mtk
Some rewording and added a few words about System V
message queues.
netlink.7
Hasso Tepper
Substantial updates to various parts of this page.
mtk, Alain Portal
Minor fixes
pthreads.7
mtk
Updated to reflect that the NPTL limitation that only the main
thread could call setsid() and setpgid() was removed in 2.6.16.
raw.7
Hasso Tepper
Removed text implying that only in kernel 2.2 does IP_HDRINCL
prevent datagrams from being fragmented.
socket.7
mtk
Documented SO_SNDBUFFORCE and SO_RCVBUFFORCE socket options,
new in 2.6.14.
Placed socket options in alphabetical order.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.27 ====================
Released: 2006-03-24
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Charles P. Wright <cwright@cs.sunysb.edu>
Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
Ingo Molnar <mingo@elet.hu>
Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Paolo (Blaisorblade) Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
man7/*
mtk
Various minor formatting changes were done on a range of
pages in Section 7. (No content was changed.)
New pages
---------
unshare.2
mtk, with reference to documentation by Janak Desai
New page describing unshare(2), added in kernel 2.6.16.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
fork.2
vfork.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO pointing to new unshare.2.
mbind.2
Christoph Lameter
MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL requires CAP_SYS_NICE not CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.
mremap.2
mtk
Clarified the description of MREMAP_FIXED and restructured
the text to reflect the fact that this flag is exposed
by glibc since version 2.4.
ptrace.2
Chuck Ebbert, with assistance from Daniel Jacobowitz,
Paolo (Blaisorblade) Giarrusso, and Charles P. Wright;
after a suggestion from Heiko Carstens.
Document the following ptrace requests:
PTRACE_SETOPTIONS (2.4.6)
plus associated flags:
PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD (2.4.6)
PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK (2.5.46)
PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK (2.5.46)
PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE (2.5.46)
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC (2.5.46)
PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE (2.5.60)
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT (2.5.60)
PTRACE_SETSIGINFO (2.3.99-pre6)
PTRACE_GETSIGINFO (2.3.99-pre6)
PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG (2.5.46)
PTRACE_SYSEMU (since Linux 2.6.14)
PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP (since Linux 2.6.14)
sched_get_priority_max.2
sched_setscheduler.2
sched_setparam.2
mtk, Ingo Molnar
Modified to document SCHED_BATCH policy, new in kernel 2.6.16.
Text describing SCHED_BATCH was added to sched_setscheduler.2,
and was drawn in part from Ingo Molnar's description in the
mail message containing the patch that implemented this policy.
Various other minor rewordings and formatting fixes.
proc.5
mtk, using text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
Document /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, new in kernel 2.6.16.
mtk, using information from ChangeLog-2.6.14.
Document /proc/PID/smaps, new in kernel 2.6.14.
capabilities.7
mtk
Noted affect of CAP_SYS_NICE for mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL).
pthreads.7
mtk
Kernel 2.6.16 eliminated buggy behavior with respect to
the alternate signal stack.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.28 ====================
Released: 2006-03-31
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Aleksandr Blokhin <sass@altlinux.ru>
Greg Johnson <gjohnson@lanl.gov>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
sem_post.3
sem_getvalue.3
sem_close.3
sem_open.3
sem_destroy.3
sem_wait.3
sem_unlink.3
sem_init.3
sem_overview.7
mtk
New pages describing the POSIX semaphores API.
These pages supersede and provide a superset of the information
in the glibc (3thr) "semaphores(3)" manual page.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ppoll.2
Aleksandr Blokhin
Fix broken link.
ptrace.2
mtk
Wrapped long lines (no content changes).
semctl.2
semget.2
semop.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO pointing to the new sem_overview.7 page.
elf.5
Greg Johnson
Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent core(5).
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.29 ====================
Released: 2006-04-06
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Roberto Jimenoca <robertojimenoca@terra.es>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
getrlimit.2
prctl.2
sigaction.2
elf.5
signal.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new core.5 page.
New pages
---------
mkdirat.2
mtk
New page describing mkdirat(2), new in 2.6.16.
mknodat.2
mtk
New page describing mknodat(2), new in 2.6.16.
core.5
mtk
New page describing core dump files.
mkfifoat.3
mtk
New page describing mkfifoat(3).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
getpeername.2
getsockname.2
Michael Haardt / mtk
Document EINVAL error for 'len' argument < 0.
fcntl.2
mtk
Expanded discussion of mandatory locking.
getrlimit.2
mtk
Added BUGS text on 2.6.x handling of RLIMIT_CPU limit
of zero seconds. See
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112256338703880&w=2
mkdir.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mkdirat.2.
mknod.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mknodat.2.
open.2
mtk / Roberto Jimenoca
Clarified discussion of file types affected by O_NONBLOCK.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=360243
openat.2
mtk
Rewrote NOTES describing rationale for openat().
Various other minor changes.
recv.2
Stefan Puiu
Removed a misleading cross-ref to socket.2.
shmop.2
mtk
Since 2.6.17-rc1, shmdt() gives the error EINVAL in a further
circumstance: if shmaddr is not aligned on a page boundary.
unshare.2
mtk
Remove text saying that specifying invalid flags "is likely
to cause compatibility problems" since the kernel now
(2.6.17-rc1) contains an explicit check for invalid bits
with a consequent EINVAL error.
mkfifo.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mkfifoat.3.
proc.5
mtk
Information on core_pattern and core_uses_pid has
been migrated to the new core.5 page.
ip.7
Stefan Puiu
Removed paragraph referring to obsolete ipchains / ipfw(4).
sem_overview.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO entry referring to pthreads.7.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.30 ====================
Released: 2006-04-17
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andre Lehovich <andrel@yahoo.com>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
linkat.2
mtk
New page describing linkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16
renameat.2
mtk
New page describing renameat(), new in kernel 2.6.16
symlinkat.2
mtk
New page describing symlinkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16
unlinkat.2
mtk
New page describing unlinkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
link.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new linkat.2 page.
openat.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entries pointing to new *at.2 pages.
rename.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new renameat.2 page.
rmdir.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new unlinkat.2 page.
symlink.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new symlinkat.2 page.
unlink.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new unlinkat.2 page.
termios.3
mtk / Karel Kulhavy
Document the feature test macros required to expose various flags.
Karel Kulhavy
Clarify 'speed' argument for cfsetispeed() text.
Karel Kulhavy / mtk
Note that LOBLK is not implemented on Linux.
mtk
Clarify arguments for cfsetspeed().
Various formatting changes.
full.4
Andre Lehovich
Add a sentence describing the purpose of full(4).
core.5
aeb / mtk
Rework text describing circumstances in which
core dump files are not produced.
mtk / Stefan Puiu
A core dump of a multithreaded process always includes the
PID in the core filename.
mtk / Stefan Puiu
Eliminate some accidentally duplicated text.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.31 ====================
Released: 2006-05-02
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Joshua Kwan <joshk@triplehelix.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com>
Mark Glines <mark@glines.org>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Ryan S. Arnold <rsa@us.ibm.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Page renamings
--------------
The following pages have been relocated into section 7, since
that is their more natural home. SEE ALSO references in various
other pages have been adjusted.
epoll.4
fifo.4
futex.4
complex.5
environ.5
(many pages outside man-pages actually *expect*
'environ' to be in Section 7.)
ipc.5
renamed to svipc.7
".so" link files have been created to link the old file locations to the
new file locations. These links are added just to ensure that cross
references from any other (non-man-pages) pages will remain valid;
eventually these links will be removed.
New pages
---------
fstatat.2
mtk
New page for fstatat(2), new in 2.6.16.
adjtime.3
mtk
New page for adjtime(3).
error.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
New page describing error() and error_at_line()
Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=186307
program_invocation_name.3
mtk
New page describing program_invocation_name and
program_invocation_short_name variables.
sockatmark.3
mtk
New page for sockatmark(3).
ftm.7
mtk
New page describing feature test macros.
time.7
mtk
New page giving an overview of "time" on Linux systems.
Global changes
--------------
getgroups.2
wait4.2
chown.2
chdir.2
gettimeofday.2
initgroups.3
dirfd.3
mtk
Simplified wording around requirement for _BSD_SOURCE
feature test macro.
times.2
time.2
gettimeofday.2
getitimer.2
nanosleep.2
ctime.3
rtc.4
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to new time.7.
err.3
errno.3
perror.3
strerror.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to new error.3.
getdate.3
printf.3
scanf.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to setlocale.3.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
Mark Glines
Remove mention of SOCK_RDM from this page, since this socket
type does not support accept()ing connections.
adjtimex.2
mtk
Modified text referring to adjtime(); added SEE ALSO for new
adjtime.3 page.
fsync.2
mtk, after a note by Karel Kulhavy
Rewrote most of the DESCRIPTION, as well as some other parts
the page, to clarify use and operation of, and rationale for,
fsync(2) and fdatasync(2).
getitimer.2
mtk
Updated discussion of maximum timer value to reflect the fact
that the default jiffy is now 4 milliseconds.
Added text to note that current incorrect behavior of
normalizing tv_usec >= 1000000 will be repaired in a future
kernel; applications should be fixed now.
gettimeofday.2
Karel Kulhavy
Point out more explicitly that 'tz' argument should
normally be NULL.
mtk
Various other minor edits and formatting fixes.
mount.2
mtk
Since kernel 2.6.16, MS_NOATIME and MS_NODIRATIME are settable
on a per-mount basis.
Detail exactly which mount flags can be changed on MS_REMOUNT.
nanosleep.2
mtk / Karel Kulhavy
Clarify RETURN VALUE discussion.
openat.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fstatat.2.
program_invocation_short_name.3
mtk
New link to new program_invocation_name.3.
recv.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO for new sockatmark.3.
rmdir.2
Joshua Kwan / Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk
Correct wording of EBUSY case.
mtk
Add ".." case to ENOTEMPTY error
select.2
Karel Kulhavy
Note more clearly that fd_set arguments can be NULL.
mtk / Karel Kulhavy
Improve opening paragraph describing purpose of select().
mtk
Various other minor edits and formatting fixes.
semget.2
mtk / Nishanth Aravamudan
Add text to noting that the initial values of semaphores
in a new set are indeterminate.
shmget.2
mtk
Add text noting that contents of newly created segment are zero
values.
sigwaitinfo.2
mtk
Noted that all threads should block signal being waited for.
stat.2
Nishanth Aravamudan / mtk
Added NOTE that st_size is always returned as zero for most
/proc files.
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fstatat.2.
syscall.2
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Remove bogus BUGS text.
utime.2
mtk
Various minor changes.
confstr.3
mtk
Rewrote RETURN VALUE discussion.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
Removed BUGS.
ctanh.3
Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk
Fix errors in DESCRIPTION.
ctime.3
mtk
The range of tm_sec is 0..60 (not 0..61).
error_at_line.3
error_message_count.3
error_on_per_line.3
error_print_progname.3
mtk
New links to new error.3.
fmemopen.3
mtk / Ryan S. Arnold
Add text noting that explicitly controlling output buffering
may be useful to catch errors on output operations on an
fmemopen() stream.
getline.3
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE ALSO pointing to getline.3.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=364772
strtod.3
strtoul.3
mtk
Describe correct handling of errno in order to
distinguish error from success after the call.
Added EXAMPLE section which points to strtol.3 which provides
an example of the use of the analogous strtol(3).
strtol.3
mtk / Justin Pryzby
Add an example program.
mtk
Describe correct handling or errno in order to
distinguish error from success after the call.
tmpfile.3
Reuben Thomas
DESCRIPTION does not need to say "temporary file name"
just "temporary file", since the name is in any case
unavailable to the user.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=363518
mtk
In DESCRIPTION:
Change /automatically deleted when the program terminates normally/
to /automatically deleted when the program terminates/
since deletion occurs on both normal and abnormal termination.
ip.7
Karel Kulhavy / mtk
Various wording improvements and clarifications.
signal.7
mtk / Ulrich Drepper
Add text noting that a signal's disposition is process-wide,
shared by all threads.
mtk
Add text on changing signal dispositions.
Add text on "signal mask and pending signals".
Other minor edits.
time.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO for new adjtime.3.
ld.so.8
Justin Pryzby
Remove bogus duplicate line.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.32 ====================
Released: 2006-05-13
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Johannes Weiner <root@hnaz.ath.cx>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Karel Kulhavy <clock@twibright.com>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
faccessat.2
mtk
New page for faccessat(2), new in 2.6.16.
fchmodat.2
mtk
New page for fchmodat(2), new in 2.6.16.
fchownat.2
mtk
New page for fchownat(2), new in 2.6.16.
futimesat.2
mtk
New page for futimesat(2), new in 2.6.16.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new faccessat.2 page.
capget.2
mtk
Reworded to reflect that capabilities are per-thread.
chmod.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fchmodat.2 page.
chown.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fchownat.2 page.
mmap.2
mtk
Updated discussion of MAP_NORESERVE since it is no longer
restricted to MAP_PRIVATE mappings.
Add reference to discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
in proc.5.
openat.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new faccessat.2, fchmodat.2,
fchownat.2, futimesat.2 pages.
shmget.2
mtk
Document SHM_NORESERVE flag, new in 2.6.15.
truncate.2
Paul Brook / mtk
Expand text noting that ftruncate()/truncate() may fail if
asked to extend a file beyond its current length.
Add EPERM error.
utime.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new futimesat.2 page.
fopen.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Document 'm' (mmap) flag.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=365754
mtk
Document 'c' (notcancel) flag.
futimes.3
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new futimesat.2 page.
qsort.3
Johannes Weiner
Add missing "const" qualifies to cast in EXAMPLE.
mtk
Slight rewording of comments in EXAMPLE.
termios.3
Karel Kulhavy
Clarify meaning of IXANY.
Clarify relationship of MIN with VMIN and TIME with VTIME.
mtk
Noted that CIBAUD, OFDEL, and DELECHO are not implemented
on Linux.
Added explanatory paragraph for phrases "not in POSIX" and
"XSI".
capabilities.7
mtk
Reworded to reflect that capabilities are per-thread.
Add ioprio_set() to list of operations permitted by
CAP_SYS_NICE.
Add ioprio_set() IOPRIO_CLASS_RT and IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE
scheduling classes to list of operations permitted by
CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
Note effects of CAP_SYS_NICE for migrate_pages().
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.33 ====================
Released: 2006-05-23
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Martin Osvald" <martin.osvald@gmail.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Page renamings
--------------
ftm.7
mtk / Stefan Puiu
renamed to the more suggestive feature_test_macros.7
New pages
---------
mq_getsetattr.2
mtk
New page briefly describing mq_getsetattr(2), the system
call that underlies mq_setattr(3) and mq_getattr(3).
rpmatch.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
New page for rpmatch(3).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
chmod.2
mtk
Remove mention of non-standard S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC.
POSIX does now document ELOOP.
open.2
mtk
Remove mention of non-standard S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC.
mmap.2
Justin Pryzby
Add mincore(2) to SEE ALSO.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367401
msync.2
Justin Pryzby
Note that EINVAL can also be caused by
flags == MS_SYNC | MS_ASYNC.
sched_setaffinity.2
mtk
Add CPU_ISSET, CPU_CLR, CPU_SET, CPU_ZERO to NAME section.
select.2
mtk
Various minor changes.
select_tut.2
mtk
Removed much material that is redundant with select.2.
Various other changes.
umask.2
mtk
Substantial rewrite of description of 'mask'.
CPU_ISSET.3
CPU_CLR.3
CPU_SET.3
CPU_ZERO.3
mtk
New links to sched_setaffinity.2
FD_CLR.3
FD_ISSET.3
FD_SET.3
FD_ZERO.3
mtk
New links to select.2.
fts.3
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE also referring to ftw.3.
ftw.3
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE also referring to fts.3.
getline.3
Justin Pryzby
Various minor clarifications.
mkstemp.3
mtk
Clarify that O_EXCL is an open(2) flag.
mq_open.3
Martin Osvald
Fix prototype declaration for 'attr'.
mq_notify.3
Martin Osvald
s/sigev_signal/sigev_signo/
mq_setattr.3
mtk
New link to mq_getattr.3.
mq_timedreceive.3
mtk
New link to mq_receive.3.
mq_timedsend.3
mtk
New link to mq_send.3.
setlocale.3
Justin Pryzby
Added SEE ALSO referring to rpmatch.3.
sigandset.3
sigisemptyset.3
sigorset.3
mtk
New links to sigsetops.3.
stdio.3
Justin Pryzby
Added SEE ALSO referring to unlocked_stdio.3
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367667
strchr.3
Justin Pryzby
Add description of strchrnul().
strchrnul.3
mtk
New link to strchr.3.
undocumented.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Updated to remove some functions that don't exist, and
therefore don't need to be documented.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367671
unlocked_stdio.3
Justin Pryzby
Added SEE ALSO referring to stdio.3
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367667
mq_overview.7
mtk
Added section describing relationship between library
interfaces and system calls.
Added SEE ALSO referring to new mq_getsetattr.2.
feature_test_macros.7
Stefan Puiu
Fix typo: s/_POSIX_C_SOURCE/_POSIX_SOURCE/
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.34 ====================
Released: 2006-06-20
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho <aris@cathedrallabs.org>
bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
Chris Curtis <chris.curtis@riptidesoftware.com>
Eduardo Madeira Fleury <efleury@br.ibm.com>
Joerg Scheurich <rusmufti@helpdesk.bera.rus.uni-stuttgart.de>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sf.net>
Kenichi Okuyama <okuyama.kenichi@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peter Eiserloh <eiserlohpp@yahoo.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Thomas Dickey <dickey@radix.net>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
tzselect.8
zdump.8
zic.8
mtk, Joey
Added header comment noting that these pages are in the public
domain.
bindresvport.3
getrpcent.3
getrpcport.3
rpc.3
xdr.3
rpc.5
mtk, aeb, Joey
Added following to top of these pages to clarify origin and
license:
.\" This page was taken from the 4.4BSD-Lite CDROM (BSD license)
New pages
---------
ioprio_set.2
Eduardo Madeira Fleury, with edits by mtk, and review by Jens Axboe
New page for ioprio_get(2) and ioprio_set(2), new in 2.6.13.
offsetof.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
New page describing offsetof() macro.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
_exit.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to exit_group.2.
acct.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to acct.5.
fcntl.2
mtk
Explicitly mention term "dnotify" in discussion of F_NOTIFY.
inotify_add_watch.2
Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk
s/<inotify.h>/<sys/inotify.h>/ in prototypes.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960
mtk
Renamed argument from 'path' to 'pathname'.
Reword introductory paragraph to clarify that
inotify_add_watch() may also modify an existing watch item.
mtk
The EINVAL error can also occur if 'fd' is not an inotify
file descriptor.
mtk
Moved BUGS section from this page to inotify.7.
inotify_init.2
Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk
s/<inotify.h>/<sys/inotify.h>/ in prototypes.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960
inotify_rm_watch.2
Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk
s/<inotify.h>/<sys/inotify.h>/ in prototypes.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960
mtk
The EINVAL error can also occur if 'fd' is not an inotify
file descriptor.
ioprio_get.2
mtk
New link to new ioprio_set.2.
mmap.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to remap_file_pages.2.
mount.2
Kenichi Okuyama
s/MNT_FORCE/MNT_EXPIRE/ under EINVAL error.
mremap.2
Mike Frysinger
s/unsigned long flags/int flags/ in SYNOPSIS.
pipe.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to popen.3.
posix_fadvise.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to readahead.2.
read.2
mtk
SEE ALSO for readv should refer to Section 2, not 3.
readahead.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to posix_fadvise.2.
send.2
Peter Eiserloh
Fix missing arguments in statement about equivalent send()
and sendto() calls.
setsid.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to tcgetsid.3.
shmctl.2
mtk
Minor wording change at start of DESCRIPTION.
stat.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to access.2.
statfs.2
mtk
Relocated "Note" about f_fsid.
write.2
mtk
SEE ALSO for writev should refer to Section 2, not 3.
__setfpucw.3
mtk, Joey
Added license statement (GPL) after consultation with
Joerg Scheurich.
assert_perror.3
Justin Pryzby
Add #define _GNU_SOURCE to prototype
difftime.3
Joey
Added note about time_t representation on other systems.
Added CONFORMING TO.
ftw.3
Justin Pryzby / mtk
A fairly major revision...
Document FTW_ACTIONRETVAL; include .SH "RETURN VALUE";
Reorganized and rewrote much of the page
Added an example program.
inet.3
Marc Lehmann
Fixed typo in NOTES.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=370277
isalpha.3
Joey
Updated CONFORMING TO.
mktemp.3
mtk
Updated CONFORMING TO.
printf.3
Walter Harms
Add documentation of %m.
readdir.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to ftw.3.
re_comp.3
mtk
Note that these functions are obsolete in favor of regcomp(3).
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE ALSO referring to regcomp.3
scandir.3
Mats Wichmann
Reworded CONFORMING TO statement on scandir() and alphasort().
strchr.3
Stefan Puiu
Fix prototype for strchrnul().
strtoul.3
Stefan Puiu
Add text clarifying treatment of strings starting with
minus sign.
tmpnam.3
mtk, after comments by Justin Pryzby
Add text noting the need to use open(O_EXCL).
mtk
Clarify discussion of use of free(3).
Various other minor changes to text and formatting.
tmpfile.3
mtk
Updated CONFORMING TO.
tmpnam.3
mtk, after comments by Justin Pryzby
Add text noting the need to use open(O_EXCL).
Updated CONFORMING TO.
undocumented.3
mtk
Remove offsetof(), which is now documented.
null.4
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to full.4.
console_codes.4
Thomas Dickey
Various improvements and corrections.
epoll.7
mtk
Added CONFORMING TO section mentioning FreeBSD kqueue and
Solaris /dev/poll.
feature_test_macros.7
mtk
Added pointer to location of LFS specification.
futex.7
mtk, after suggestion by Joey.
Added license statement to page, after discussion with
original author, bert hubert.
mtk
Reformat long lines; no content changes.
inotify.7
mtk
'path' argument renamed to 'pathname'.
A few minor rewordings.
Added BUGS section describing a couple of bugs.
ip.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to byteorder.3.
man.7
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE ALSO referring to groff_man(7).
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369253
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.35 ====================
Released: 2006-07-06
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Bauke Jan Douma <bjdouma@xs4all.nl>
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Denis Barbier <barbier@linuxfr.org>
Horacio Rodriguez Montero <Horacio.Rodriguez.Montero@galinter.com.ar>
Johan Lithander <johan.lithander@teligent.se>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Thorsten Kukuk <kukuk@suse.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
sync_file_range.2
Andrew Morton / mtk
New page for sync_file_range(2), new in kernel 2.6.17.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
adjtime.3
mtk
Noted BUG that occurs if 'delta' is specified as NULL.
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761
bind.2
Stefan Puiu
Add EADDRNOTAVAIL error.
Stefan Puiu / mtk
Make example code more complete.
epoll_ctl.2
mtk / Davide Libenzi
Added EPOLLRDHUP description.
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to poll.2.
poll.2
mtk / Davide Libenzi
Added POLLRDHUP description.
mtk
The correct header file is <poll.h>, not <sys/poll.h>.
Rewrote and reformatted various other parts.
readlink.2
mtk
Nowadays, readlink() returns 'ssize_t', as required in
POSIX.1-2001.
wavelan.4
mtk
Added license statement.
nscd.conf.5
Thorsten Kukuk
Add documentation for various new fields.
passwd.5
Horacio Rodriguez Montero
Add explanation of 'x' character in 'password' field.
mtk
The proper name of "*" is "asterisk" not "star".
tcp.7
Johan Lithander
Update RFC reference for ECN.
Andi Kleen
Add sentence on "low memory" limit for tcp_mem on 32-bit systems.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.36 ====================
Released: 2006-07-11
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Jens Axboe <jans@suse.de>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
MAINTAINING
mtk
How to maintain man-pages.
TODO
mtk
Things that it would be nice to get done for man-pages one day.
scripts/FIXME_list.sh
mtk
This script, intended for use by manual page maintainers,
displays the FIXMEs in the manual page source files.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fdatasync.2
fsync.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to sync_file_range.2.
sendfile.2
mtk / Jens Axboe
Fix description of 'offset' argument to explain the case
where 'offset' is NULL.
ferror.3
Justin Pryzby
Add SEE ALSO referring to fdopen.3.
intro.3
mtk
Removed information about Section 3 subsections -- it doesn't
reflect current reality, and probably never has.
Added SEE ALSO referring to intro.2.
tcp.7
Kyle McMartin
Correction: tcp_window_scaling is ENabled by default.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.37 ====================
Released: 2006-08-02
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Dean Gaudet <dean@arctic.org>
Frank van Viegen <F.C.vanViegen@UTwente.nl>
Helmut Grohne <helmut@subdivi.de>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Thomas Huriaux / mtk
Various formatting problems found as a result of reviewing the
following command were fixed.
for a in $(wc -l man?/*.?| awk '$1 > 2 {print $2}' | grep -v total); do
echo $a; groff -Tascii -wmac -mman $a > /dev/null;
done 2>&1 | less
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=378544
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
readlinkat.2
mtk (after prompting from Ivana Varekova)
New page for readlinkat(2), new in kernel 2.6.16.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Ville Skyttä
Document "-u" option.
chdir.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on current working directory.
chroot.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on root directory.
epoll_ctl.2
Frank van Viegen / mtk
Fix description of EBADF error.
exevce.2
mtk
Add text noting that effective IDs are copied to
saved set-IDs during execve().
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=379297
getitimer.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on interval timers.
getrlimit.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on resource limits.
getpriority.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve().
inotify_add_watch.2
mtk
Some rewording; included text describing required file
permissions.
intro.2
mtk
Revised description of standards under CONFORMING TO.
makecontext.3
Helmut Grohne / mtk
Point out that args following 'argc' are int.
mtk
Added an example program.
Various minor wording fixes.
mmap.2
mtk
Expand description of MAP_POPULATE.
mtk, after prompting by Dean Gaudet
Expand description MAP_NONBLOCK.
mtk
Various minor formatting fixes.
openat.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO linking to readlinkat.2.
nanosleep.2
mtk
Noted buggy behavior in Linux 2.4 and earlier when
nanosleep() is restarted after receiving stop+SIGCONT signals.
nice.2
mtk
Very minor rewording.
readlink.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO linking to readlinkat.2.
sched_setscheduler.2
mtk
Noted preservation of scheduling parameters across execve().
setpgid.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on process group ID.
setsid.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on session ID.
umask.2
mtk
Noted effect of fork() and execve() on umask.
atexit.3
mtk
Noted inheritance of registrations across fork().
capabilities.7
mtk
Added material on privileges required for move_pages().
CLONE_NEWNS needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
keyctl(KEYCTL_CHOWN) and keyctl(KEYCTL_SETPERM) require
CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.38 ====================
Released: 2006-08-03
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Most pages
mtk
There was a major reworking of the CONFORMING TO sections
in most manual pages.
* generally try to rationalize the names used for standards.
The preferred names are now documented as the head words
of the list in standards(7). For the future: there is
probably no need to talk about anything more than
C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001 (or later), xBSD, and SVr4.
(In particular, I've eliminated most references to XPG
and SVID, replacing them with references to SUS or SVr4.)
* eliminate discussion of errors that can occur on other
systems. This information exists only patchily in the
manual pages, is probably of limited use, is hard to maintain,
and was in some cases simply wrong (and probably always was).
* Tried to ensure that those interfaces specified in C99 or
POSIX.1-2001 are marked as such in their manual pages.
intro.1
intro.2
intro.3
intro.4
intro.5
intro.7
feature_test_macros.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to new standards.7.
Various pages
mtk
Changed instances of "HP UX" to "HP-UX".
Various pages
mtk
Changed instances of "DG-UX to "DG/UX"
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
standards.7
mtk
Based on material taken from intro.2, but expanded to
include discussion of many additional standards.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bind.2
mtk
Minor wording change for ENOTSOCK error.
intro.2
mtk
Removed information on standards to new standards.7.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.39 ====================
Released: 2006-08-05
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
Updated CONFORMING TO and/or standards references
in various pages that were missed for 2.38.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
chdir.2
mtk
_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 also gets fchdir() prototype.
standards.7
mtk
Added a few more standards, and expand some explanations.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.40 ====================
Released: 2006-09-04
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
futimesat.2
linkat.2
mkdirat.2
mknodat.2
openat.2
readlinkat.2
renameat.2
symlinkat.2
mtk (after a note by Alain Portal)
Make naming of 'pathname' argument consistent; various
minor rewordings.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
mtk
Reinstate text on CLONE_DETACHED, and add a few words.
execve.2
mtk
Added list of process attributes that are not preserved on exec().
fork.2
mtk, after a suggestion by Christoph Hellwig
Greatly expanded, to describe all attributes that differ
in parent and child.
linkat.2
mtk
Document AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW (new in 2.6.18).
set_mempolicy.2
mtk / Andi Kleen
Memory policy is preserved across execve().
write.2
mtk / Alain Portal
SEE ALSO for writev should refer to Section 2, not 3.
(i.e., really make the change that was logged in 2.34)
getcwd.3
Samuel Thibault / mtk
Fix SYNOPSIS and CONFORMING TO text for getwd() and
get_current_dir().
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=381692
proc.5
Chuck Ebbert
Document /proc/PID/auxv.
capabilities.7
Alain Portal
Restore text accidentally deleted in 2.39.
regex.7
mtk / Alain Portal
Change references to "1003.2" to "POSIX.2".
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.41 ====================
Released: 2006-10-12
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Britton Leo Kerin <bkerin_rb@letterboxes.org>
Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>
Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Kevin Ryde <user42@zip.com.au>
Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Senthil Kumar <senthilkumar_sen@hotpop.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Stuart MacDonald <stuartm@connecttech.com>
Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
splice.2
tee.2
vmsplice.2
Jens Axboe / Michael Kerrisk
See also:
http://lwn.net/Articles/118760/
http://lwn.net/Articles/178199/
http://lwn.net/Articles/179492/
http://kerneltrap.org/node/6505
http://lwn.net/Articles/179434/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Stefan Puiu
Note glibc version where "ldd -u" appeared.
execve.2
mtk
The PR_SET_NAME setting is not preserved across an execve().
fork.2
mtk
Mappings marked with madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) are not inherited
by child.
getdtablesize.2
mtk
Noted that sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) is preferred in portable
applications.
getpagesize.2
mtk
Noted that sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) is preferred in portable
applications.
_SC_PAGE_SIZE is available on most systems.
madvise.2
mtk
Document MADV_REMOVE, new in 2.6.16.
Document MADV_DONTFORK / MADV_DOFORK, new in 2.6.16.
mount.2
mtk / Trond Myklebust
MNT_FORCE can cause data loss.
mmap.2
mtk
Added note on Linux's old (pre-2.6.12) buggy treatment of
length==0.
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Added some EINVAL errors.
mremap.2
mtk
Remove superfluous "#include <unistd.h>" from SYNOPSIS.
msync.2
mtk
Added EBUSY error for case where MS_INVALIDATE is applied to
a locked region.
posix_fadvise.2
Andrew Morton
Since 2.6.18, POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is a no-op.
prctl.2
Marcel Holtmann / mtk
Since kernel 2.6.18, setting 2 for PR_SET_DUMPABLE is no longer
possible.
Guillem Jover
Updated Linux versions where the options where introduced.
Added PR_SET_TIMING, PR_GET_TIMING, PR_SET_NAME, PR_GET_NAME,
PR_SET_UNALIGN, PR_GET_UNALIGN, PR_SET_FPEMU, PR_GET_FPEMU,
PR_SET_FPEXC, PR_GET_FPEXC.
Michael Kerrisk
Document PR_GET_ENDIAN and PR_SET_ENDIAN.
remap_file_pages.2
mtk
Add "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to SYNOPSIS.
sync_file_range.2
mtk
Noted that sync_file_range() appeared in kernel 2.6.17.
vfork.2
mtk
Noted interactions with fork handlers in multithreaded programs.
wait4.2
mtk
Added feature test macros to SYNOPSIS.
clog2.3
mtk / aeb / Kevin Ryde
Fix broken text in description.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386214
clog10.3
Kevin Ryde
Fix broken text in description.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386214
mq_receive.3
Britton Leo Kerin
Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; should be "ssize_t" not "mqd_t".
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=387551
qsort.2
Hrvoje Niksic
Fix wording referring to the use of strcmp() in 'compar'
function.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=391402
sendfile.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to new splice.2 page.
termios.3
mtk
Documented IUTF8 (which was new in kernel 2.6.4).
tzset.3
mtk
Added some TZ examples.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386087
proc.5
mtk
Added delayacct_blkio_ticks (new in 2.6.18) to /proc/PID/statm.
ip.7
Stuart MacDonald / Andi Kleen
Fix discussion for TCP error queue /IP_RECVERR on TCP.
pthreads.7
mtk
Noted effect of RLIMIT_STACK resource limit for NPTL.
socket.7
Senthil Kumar
Place socket options in alphabetical order.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.42 ====================
Released: 2006-11-24
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org>
Eduard Bloch <blade@debian.org>
Evan Teran <eteran@alum.rit.edu>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
brk.2
Evan Teran / mtk
Add text describing behavior of the Linux brk() system call
and point out that the glibc brk() wrapper provides different
behavior.
mtk
Note that sbrk() is implemented as a library function in glibc
that calls the brk() system call.
futex.2
mtk
FUTEX_FD is scheduled for removal in June 2007.
getaddrinfo.3
getnameinfo.3
Ulrich Drepper, with edits by mtk
Add text describing Internationalized Domain Name
extensions.
open.2
mtk / Eduard Bloch
Fix description of O_LARGEFILE to mention required feature test
macros.
ptrace.2
Chuck Ebbert
Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the new process is also available
for PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKDONE.
syslog.3
Doug Goldstein
Fix header file required for vsyslog() in SYNOPSIS.
wcwidth.3
Petr Baudis
Fix CONFORMING TO.
core.5
mtk
Linux 2.4.21 added core_pattern (which was already in 2.6).
Noted a few more reasons why a core dump file might not
be produced.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.43 ====================
Released: 2006-11-29
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Eduard Bloch <blade@debian.org>
Egmont Koblinger <egmont@uhulinux.hu>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ioperm.2
mtk
Clarify discussion of privilege requirements.
Added ENOMEM to ERRORS.
open.2
mtk / Eduard Bloch
Clarify description of O_LARGEFILE.
crypt.3
Egmont Koblinger
Make description of MD5 output string less ambiguous.
strerror.3
Reuben Thomas
Add C99 to CONFORMING TO; see
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400634
rtc.4
David Brownell
Update the RTC man page to reflect the new RTC class framework:
- Generalize ... it's not just for PC/AT style RTCs, and there
may be more than one RTC per system.
- Not all RTCs expose the same feature set as PC/AT ones; most
of these ioctls will be rejected by some RTCs.
- Be explicit about when {A,P}IE_{ON,OFF} calls are needed.
- Describe the parameter to the get/set epoch request; correct
the description of the get/set frequency parameter.
- Document RTC_WKALM_{RD,SET}, which don't need AIE_{ON,OFF} and
which support longer alarm periods.
- Hey, not all system clock implementations count timer irqs any
more now that the new RT-derived clock support is merging.
proc.5
mtk
s/fseek(3)/lseek(2)/ under /proc/PID/mem entry.
feature_test_macros.7
mtk / Eduard Bloch
The LFS spec is now at http://opengroup.org/platform/lfs.html
raw.7
udp.7
Andi Kleen
Describe the correct default for UDP/RAW path MTU discovery.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.44 ====================
Released: 2007-04-04
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andre Majorel <aym-naideb@teaser.fr>
Benjamin Gilbert <bgilbert@cs.cmu.edu>
Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon <carenas@sajinet.com.pe>
Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
John Ward <jward@idealcorp.com>
Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto <jorgepeixotomorais@gmail.com>
Julien Blache <jblache@debian.org>
Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Martín Ferrari <martin.ferrari@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Nick Pollitt <npollitt@mvista.com>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Premysl Hruby <dfenze@gmail.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
Timo Sirainen <tss@iki.fi>
Val Henson <val_henson@linux.intel.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
termio.7
mtk, after a bit of prodding by Reuben Thomas
A brief discussion of the old System V termio interface,
with pointers to pages that will contain the information
that the reader probably wants.
scripts/find_repeated_words.sh
mtk
Find consecutive duplicate words in a man page, some of
which may be grammar errors.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Add "#define _ATFILE_SOURCE" to SYNOPSIS in following pages:
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
futimesat.2
linkat.2
mkdirat.2
mknodat.2
openat.2
readlinkat.2
renameat.2
symlinkat.2
unlinkat.2
mkfifoat.3
Various pages
mtk
Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since
that is the manual page more likely to be found on current systems.
Various pages
mtk, after a suggestion by Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Updated various header pages to accurately reflect which functions
are and are not part of C89. Also fixed/improved a few other
CONFORMING TO entries.
Various pages
mtk
s/Unices/Unix systems/ on the 5 pages where it appears.
Various pages
mtk
Wrapped long source lines in the following files
getsockopt.2
mknodat.2
io_setup.2
select_tut.2
select.2
readlinkat.2
io_cancel.2
syslog.2
wcsncat.3
getipnodebyname.3
cmsg.3
wcpncpy.3
wcsrtombs.3
wcstok.3
fgetwc.3
wmemcmp.3
wcsspn.3
div.3
modf.3
stdio_ext.3
ctermid.3
des_crypt.3
wcsncmp.3
wmemchr.3
wcsstr.3
wmemcpy.3
wprintf.3
wcsnrtombs.3
termios.3
erf.3
ceil.3
lround.3
nextafter.3
wcsncpy.3
wmemset.3
getw.3
console_ioctl.4
sk98lin.4
environ.7
unix.7
time.7
Various pages
mtk
Added a SEE ALSO reference for feature_test_macros(7) to all
pages where a feature test macro appears in the SYNOPSIS.
Various pages
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to time.7
alarm.2
nanosleep.2
ualarm.3
usleep.3
Various pages
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Fixed consecutive duplicate word typos on a number of pages.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François!)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
mtk
Since 2.6.20, access() honors the MS_NOEXEC mount flag.
Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto / mtk
Improve ENOENT description.
clone.2
mtk
Added some detail to the prototype.
Added some notes on IA-64's clone2().
epoll_ctl.2
mtk
Add text to note that EPOLLRDHUP appeared in kernel 2.6.17.
faccessat.2
Justin Pryzby
Various fixes as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411177
* s/effective/real/ in description text.
* added <fcntl.h> to synopsis.
* various other changes.
getrlimit.2
mtk / Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
Added a few words to note that RLIMIT_NPROC is really a limit on
threads.
io_cancel.2
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_submit.2
Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
s%linux/aio.h%libaio.h% in SYNOPSIS.
Changed return type from "long" to "int".
mbind.2
Samuel Thibault / mtk
Fix EINVAL description.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411777
mincore.2
Nick Piggin
Kernel 2.6.21 fixes several earlier bugs in mincore().
Nick Pollitt
Remove words "of a file" -- mincore() is describing
memory residence information, not properties of a file.
mtk
Rewrote various parts to make the page clearer.
mmap.2
mtk
Rewrote and reorganized various parts to be clearer.
Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
Removed text stating that mmap() never returns 0; that's
not true.
mount.2
mtk / Val Henson
Document MS_RELATIME, new in Linux 2.6.20.
open.2
Andre Majorel / mtk
On Linux, the error returned when opening a large file on a
32-bit system is actually EFBIG, not EOVERFLOW.
posix_fadvise.2
Pádraig Brady
Fix RETURN VALUE description: returns error number of failure.
rename.2
mtk / Timo Sirainen
Various improvements to DESCRIPTION.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=416012
semop.2
mtk
If sops contains multiple operations, then these are performed
in array order. All Unix systems that I know of do this,
and some Linux applications depend on this behavior. SUSv3
made no explicit statement here, but SUSv4 will explicitly
require this behavior.
Small rewording of explanation of "atomically".
signal.2
Nicolas François
Fix incorrect argument name in DESCRIPTION.
mtk
Small wording improvement.
socket.2
Nicolas François
Add reference to ipv6.7 page.
socketcall.2
Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
splice.2
Benjamin Gilbert
Fix inconsistent argument names in SYNOPSIS and DESCRIPTION.
statvfs.2
mtk
Small wording clarification.
symlink.2
mtk / Nicolas François
Removed cryptic text under CONFORMING to referring to
"open(2) and NFS". There is no relevant text in open.2 as
far as I (mtk) can see.
time.2
mtk / Reuben Thomas
Remove sentence "gettimeofday() obsoleting time() on 4.3BSD".
This information is old, and probably no longer relevant.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=403888
write.2
mtk, after an idea from a downstream Fedora patch.
Clarified discussion of /count == 0/ case.
ptrace.2
Chuck Ebbert
When the parent receives an event with PTRACE_EVENT_* set,
the child is not in the normal signal delivery path. This
means the parent cannot do ptrace(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal
or ptrace(PTRACE_KILL). kill() with a SIGKILL signal can be
used instead to kill the child process after receiving one
of these messages.
sched_setaffinity.2
mtk
Fix glibc version number in description of 'cpusetsize' argument.
vfork.2
mtk
Stripped some excess/outdated text from the BUGS section.
basename.3
mtk / Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto
Add text to clarify that the pointer returned by these
functions may be into some part of 'path'.
dlopen.3
Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
+ Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon
Add "#include <stdlib.h>" to example program.
fclose.3
mtk
Complete rewrite. The existing page was hard to read,
and the RETURN VALUE description seems to be wrong.
getopt.3
mtk
Added getopt() example program.
mtk
Add a few words to clarify the operation of the GNU-specific
double-colon feature, which allows options to have optional
arguments.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=352139
glob.3
Nicolas François
Fix PROTOTYPE.
inet_network.3
mtk, after an idea from a downstream Fedora patch.
Clarified description of inet_network().
log.3
Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
log10.3
Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
malloc.3
Nicolas François
Small rewording to mention calloc().
posix_openpt.3
Martín Ferrari
Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400971
Needs _XOPEN_SOURCE == 600; as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400975
Julien BLACHE
s/ptsname/posix_openpt/ in RETURN VALUE
re_comp.3
Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
Add "#define _REGEX_RE_COMP" to SYNOPSIS.
regex.3
Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
termios.3
mtk
Added .SS headers to give some structure to this page; and a small
amount of reordering.
mtk
Added a section on canonical and non-canonical mode.
mtk
Enhanced the discussion of "raw" mode for cfmakeraw().
mtk
Document CMSPAR.
mtk
Make description of PARODD a little clearer.
Reuben Thomas
Add SEE ALSO link to tty_ioctl.4
mtk
Add SEE ALSO link to console_ioctl.4
ualarm.3
mtk
Removed BSD prototype from synopsis.
Various rewordings.
usleep.3
mtk
Removed BSD prototype from synopsis.
Various rewordings.
termcap.5
Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
s/curses/ncurses/ under SEE ALSO
bootparam.7
Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova
Documented "mem=nopentium".
feature_test_macros.7
mtk
The default treatment of _POSIX_C_SOURCE changed in glibc 2.4.
mtk, after a suggestion by Justin Pryzby
Added some text warning that the "__" macros that
<features.h> defines internally should never be
directly defined by programs.
mtk, based on notes by Jakub Jelinek
Document _FORTIFY_SOURCE
(See http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2004-09/msg02055.html )
mtk
Document _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE.
mdoc.7
mtk / Nicolas François
Remove CONFIGURATION section, since this does not seem to be
true for Linux.
svipc.7
Nicolas François
Fix data types in associated data structures;
remove nonexistent semzcnt and semncnt fields.
time.7
mtk
Since kernel 2.6.20, the software clock can also be 300 HZ.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.45 ====================
Released: 2007-04-05
Global changes
--------------
This release consists mainly of formatting fixes (to a large
number of pages) to achieve greater consistency across pages.
With the exception of the few individual changes noted below,
no changes were made to content.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_cancel.2
io_submit.2
mtk
Clarified RETURN VALUE text
bindresvport.3
mtk
Rewrote prototype using modern C syntax.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.46 ====================
Released: 2007-04-06
Global changes
--------------
This release consists mainly of formatting fixes (to a large
number of pages) to achieve greater consistency across pages:
* Most instances of two or more consecutive blank lines in man
page output were shrunk to a single line.
* A number of example programs were reformatted
to more closely match K&R style.
* In various places (mainly code examples), the use of tabs was
replaced by spaces
With the exception of the few individual changes noted below,
no changes were made to content.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bdflush.2
mtk
Add <sys/kdaemon.h> header file to SYNOPSIS.
sched_rr_get_interval.2
mtk
Moved timespec definition from SYNOPSIS into description.
select_tut.2
mtk
Make SYNOPSIS match select.2.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.47 ====================
Released: 2007-05-04
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
John Heffner <jheffner@psc.edu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
This release consists mainly of changes to source file layout
(wrapped long lines; stripped trailing white space; started new
sentences on new lines).
There is very little change to output formatting or content (see the
notes below).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
sched_rr_get_interval.2
mtk
Remove crufty statement that this system call is not implemented.
The nice interval can be used to control the size of
the round-robin quantum.
Corrected .TH line.
ip.7
John Heffner / mtk
Document IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE, which will be in 2.6.22.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.48 ====================
Released: 2007-05-04
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
This release consists mainly of changes to source file layout
(wrapped long lines; stripped trailing white space; started new
sentences on new lines).
There is very little change to output formatting or content (see the
notes below).
Various pages
mtk
In various places where it occurred,
s/nonnegative/non-negative/
Various pages
mtk
s/wide character/wide-character/ when used attributively.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
man.7
Justin Pryzby / Colin Watson / mtk
.SH doesn't require quotes.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411303
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.49 ====================
Released: 2007-05-20
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New pages
---------
bsd_signal.3
mtk
Documentation of bsd_signal().
euidaccess.3
mtk
Manual page for euidaccess() and eaccess().
getsubopt.3
mtk / Justin Pryzby
Documentation of getsubopt().
sysv_signal.3
mtk
Documentation of sysv_signal().
New links
---------
epoll_pwait.2
mtk
New link to epoll_wait.2.
eaccess.3
mtk
New link to new euidaccess.3,
sem_timedwait.3
mtk
New link to sem_wait.3.
sem_trywait.3
mtk
New link to sem_wait.3.
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO ref to new euidaccess.3 page.
epoll_wait.2
mtk
Added description of epoll_pwait(), new in kernel 2.6.19.
execve.2
mtk
Add text noting that Linux allows 'argv' and 'envp' to be
NULL, but warning that this is non-standard and non-portable,
and should be avoided in portable programs.
Bug filed (http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408)
to get this changed, but maybe that won't be done because it
is an ABI change.
mtk
Added an example program.
mtk
Expanded the discussion of interpreter scripts and the
'optional-arg' argument of an interpreter script.
For further info, see
http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/std/hashexclam-1.html
http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/
mtk
Added text noting that FD_CLOEXEC causes record locks to be
released.
mtk
Mention effect of MS_NOSUID mount(2) flag for set-user-ID
programs.
mtk
Expanded description of handling of file descriptors during
execve(), adding text to note that descriptors 0, 1, and 2
may be treated specially.
faccessat.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO ref to new euidaccess.3 page.
mmap.2
mtk
Place MAP_* flags list in alphabetical order.
readv.2
mtk
A fairly substantial rewrite, which among other things
fixes the problem reported by Kyle Sluder in
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8399
And added some example code.
sigaction.2
mtk
Added text referring to the discussion of async-signal-safe
functions in signal(7).
A few other minor formatting and wording changes.
signal.2
mtk
Moved the discussion of async-signal-safe functions to signal(7).
Added text referring to the discussion of async-signal-safe
functions in signal(7).
Added SEE ALSO entries referring to new bsd_signal.3 and
sysv_signal.3 pages.
copysign.3
Bruno Haible
Clarify discussion of negative zero.
getopt.3
mtk
Add SEE ALSO ref to new getsubopt.3.
iconv_open.3
Bruno Haible
Describe the glibc/libiconv //TRANSLIT and //IGNORE extensions
for 'tocode'.
iswblank.3
Bruno Haible
Update CONFORMING TO; iswblank() is in POSIX.1-2001.
inotify.7
mtk
Definitions for IN_DONT_FOLLOW, IN_MASK_ADD, and IN_ONLYDIR
were added to glibc in version 2.5.
signal.7
mtk
Incorporated (and slightly modified) the text on
async-signal-safe functions that was formerly in signal(2).
Added SEE ALSO entries referring to new bsd_signal.3 and
sysv_signal.3 pages.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.50 ====================
Released: 2007-05-21
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andreas Halter <halter@google.com>
Laird Shaw <netocrat@dodo.com.au>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Removed pages (!)
-----------------
Most Section 1 man pages are removed
mtk (with help from Mike Frysinger, Laird Shaw, Andreas Halter)
Once upon time Andries added a number of Section 1 manual pages
to man-pages. However, since that time, those pages have not
seen much maintenance, and are not in fact distributed in most
distributions. Instead most distributions supply the
coreutils versions of these pages, which are currently
maintained. In addition, man-pages provides the 1p pages,
which document the portable subset of functionality of these
commands. Since the man1 pages are mostly unneeded, and
out of date, I'm removing them. The following pages disappear:
chgrp.1
chmod.1
chown.1
cp.1
dd.1
df.1
diff.1
dir.1
dircolors.1
du.1
install.1
ln.1
ls.1
mkdir.1
mkfifo.1
mknod.1
mv.1
rm.1
rmdir.1
touch.1
vdir.1
The following Section 1 pages will be kept:
intro.1
ldd.1
time.1
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.51 ====================
Released: 2007-05-28
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
(Hopefully) all cross references outside a page now include a
section number. This should permit better resulting output
from a man2html-type conversion.
Various pages
mtk
Convert function formatting of the form "\fBname\fP()" to
".BR name ()".
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
futimesat.2
mtk
s/futimes/futimesat/ in .SH NAME line.
msgop.2
mtk
Put "msgrcv" and "msgsnd" in .SH NAME line.
mount.2
mtk
Add "umount2" to .SH NAME line.
wait.2
mtk
Add "waitid" to .SH NAME line.
getopt.3
mtk
Add "getopt_long" and "getopt_long_only" in .SH NAME line.
sem_wait.3
mtk
Add "sem_timedwait" and "sem_trywait" to .SH NAME line.
stdarg.3
mtk
Add "va_start", "va_arg", "va_end", "va_copy" to .SH NAME line.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.52 ====================
Released: 2007-05-29
"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by
little statesmen and philosophers and divines"
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
"But damn it, these man pages are a mess!"
Global changes
--------------
Most of the changes below are about bringing greater consistency
to manual pages, including reducing the wide range of .SH
Section headings.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Various pages
mtk
Make 'manual' component of .TH line into the string
"Linux Programmer's Manual".
Reason: consistency.
Various pages
mtk
Changed date in .TH line into form YYYY-DD-MM.
Reason: consistency.
Various pages
mtk
Some .SH header lines were made into .SS lines. (One of the aims
here is to reduce the number of non-standard .SH lines.)
Various pages
mtk
Change title .SH sections named "NOTE" to "NOTES", in some cases
also changing the location of the section within the page.
Reason: consistency.
Various pages
mtk
Commented out .SH AUTHOR sections; the right place for
documentation authorship sections is usually comments at the
top of the page source.
Various pages
mtk
Changed .SH HISTORY to .SH VERSIONS.
Reason: in many cases, HISTORY was being used to describe
Linux/glibc version information, as was already done for
VERSIONS sections in other pages.
Various pages
mtk
Removed HISTORY section, or moved it as a subsection or paragraphs
under another section e.g., NOTES.
Reason: there are too many arbitrary section (.SH) names, and
a HISTORY section never was consistently used across Linux
manual pages.
Various pages
mtk
Moved SEE ALSO section to be last section on the page
Reason: consistency -- and this is where SEE ALSO should be!
Various pages
mtk
Relocated GLIBC NOTES as subsection under NOTES
Reason: reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names.
Various pages
mtk
Relocated LINUX NOTES as subsection under NOTES
Reason: reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names.
Various pages
mtk
Renamed some "AVAILABILITY" sections to "VERSIONS".
Reason: consistency.
Various pages
mtk
Renamed some "DIAGNOSTICS" sections to "RETURN VALUE".
Reason: consistency.
getopt.3
tzselect.8
mtk
s/\.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES/.SH ENVIRONMENT/
Reason: consistency.
intro.2
select.2
sysctl.2
bsearch.3
dlopen.3
envz_add.3
fmtmsg.3
getgrent_r.3
getgrouplist.3
getpwent_r.3
getutent.3
hsearch.3
rtime.3
strptime.3
tsearch.3
vcs.4
wordexp.3
mtk
s/return 0/exit(EXIT_FAILURE)/ in main() of function example
program.
Reason: consistency.
mprotect.2
select_tut.2
dlopen.3
getgrent_r.3
getopt.3
getpwent_r.3
hsearch.3
select_tut.2
tsearch.3
mtk
Use symbolic constants (EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE) in calls
to exit().
Reason: consistency.
access.2
chown.2
lseek.2
open.2
read.2
utmp.5
mtk
Renamed RESTRICTIONS section to NOTES, or moved text in a
RESTRICTIONS section under existing NOTES section.
Reason: consistency, and reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH)
names.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
mtk
s/\.SH FURTHER INFORMATION/.SH NOTES/
dup.2
mtk
s/\.SH WARNING/.SH NOTES/
kill.2
mtk
Renamed LINUX HISTORY section to LINUX NOTES, and relocated
within page.
select_tut.2
mtk
Relocated example program and made its .SH title "EXAMPLE".
sigaltstack.2
mtk
Move code example into its own EXAMPLE section.
sigreturn.2
mtk
s/\.SH WARNING/.SH NOTES/
setuid.2
mtk
s/\.SH "LINUX-SPECIFIC REMARKS"/.SH LINUX NOTES/
shmget.2
mtk
Remove section about effect of fork()/exec()/exit(); shmop.2
contains the same text, and it only needs to be said once.
shmop.2
mtk
Minor rewording under DESCRIPTION.
daemon.3
mtk
Minor wording and formatting changes.
encrypt.3
mtk
Removed statement that glibc unconditionally exposes declarations
of encrypt() and setkey(), since portable applications must
use <unistd.h> and define _XOPEN_SOURCE to obtain the declarations
of setkey() and encrypt(). Adjusted example program accordingly.
mkstemp.3
mtk
Slight rewording.
LDP.7
mtk
Minor wording and formatting changes.
man.7
mtk
Substantial rewrite, revising and extending the discussion
about desired conventions for writing pages.
There will be further updates to this page in the next few
man-pages releases.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.53 ====================
Released: 2007-05-30
"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by
little statesmen and philosophers and divines"
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
"But damn it, these man pages are a mess!"
Global changes
--------------
Many many pages
mtk
Reordered sections to be more consistent, in some cases renaming
sections or shifting paragraphs between sections.
man7/*
mtk
In various pages in this section, .SH headings were
converted to .SS.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.54 ====================
Released: 2007-06-07
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Emmanuel Mogenet <emogenet@google.com>
Michael Berg <michaeljberg@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
Where there is an instruction in the SYNOPSIS about linking
or compiling with a certain option, the option is now
marked up in italics (e.g., "\fI-lm\fP").
Various pages
mtk
Added page numbers to page cross references.
A few pages
mtk
s/manpage/man page/, for consistency.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
man-pages.7
mtk
A description of the conventions that should be followed
when writing pages for the man-pages package.
Removed pages
-------------
man1/README
mtk
Already deleted most of the man1 pages previously, so
this doesn't need to stay.
LDP.7
mtk
Removed this page since it is out of date, and the proper place
to go for up-to-date information is http://www.tldp.org/
ksoftirq.9
mtk
Reason: this was the only Section 9 page, and it is old
(Linux 2.4). The man9 section never took off as an idea, and
I see little point in keeping a Section 9 with just a single
old page.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
HOWTOHELP
mtk
Moved some material out of here into new man-pages.7.
alloc_hugepages.2
mtk
Minor rewrites, eliminating some duplication, and removing
some outdated text.
epoll_pwait.2
Michael Berg
Fix broken link path;
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=425570
fcntl.2
mtk
Remove misleading text about setting O_ASYNC when calling
open(); one must use fcntl() F_SETFL for this task.
fdatasync.2
mtk
Converted outdated BUGS note about fdatasync() being
equivalent to fsync() on Linux 2.2 into a NOTES note
about this historical behavior.
futex.2
mtk
Small rewording to fix "fails with the error EWOULDBLOCK"
rather than "returns EWOULDBLOCK".
See Red Hat bug 172828.
mprotect.2
mtk, after an observation by Emmanuel Mogenet
A much improved example program.
mtk
Significant rewrites and additions to description.
mremap.2
mtk
Remove text about the nonexistent BSD mremap() -- too
much information, in my opinion.
sched_yield.2
mtk
Added ERRORS section.
set_mempolicy.2
mtk
Moved text for "Versions and Library Support".
set_tid_address.2
mtk
Small rewording in RETURN VALUE section.
sigaction.2
mtk
Add EXAMPLE section with a pointer to example in mprotect.2.
sync_file_range.2
mtk
Fix return type in SYNOPSIS. Add RETURN VALUE section.
atexit.3
mtk
Small rearrangement of text under NOTES.
bindresvport.3
mtk
Rewrite and substantial additional text.
exec.3
mtk
Minor clarifications for text on execlp() and execvp(). Removed
FILES section, since it provides no useful additional info.
fenv.3
mtk
Moved link instructions from NOTES to SYNOPSIS.
Added feenableexcept, fedisableexcept, fegetexcept
to .SH NAME list.
fputwc.3
mtk
Added 'putwc' to .SH NAME list.
gethostbyname.3
mtk
s/int/socklen_t/ for type of gethostbyaddr() 'len' argument,
and add a few more words in NOTES about the type used here.
login.3
mtk
Removed remark from NOTES about linking with -lutil; add
text on that point to SYNOPSIS.
openpty.3
mtk
Removed redundant remark from NOTES about linking with -lutil
since there is text on that point under SYNOPSIS.
sysconf.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to getconf(1).
unlocked_stdio.3
mtk
Revised .SH NAME section.
ascii.7
mtk
Minor rearrangement of order of text.
capabilities.7
mtk
s/exec()/execve(2)/ in various places.
complex.7
mtk
Changed "atan(1)" to "atan(1.0)" to prevent some versions of
man2html(1) from mistaking that string as a page cross reference.
rtnetlink.7
mtk
Small restructuring to avoid 'cannot adjust line' from man(1).
ldconfig.8
mtk
Removed now very out-of-date sentence about need to link shared
libraries with -lc.
man.7
mtk
Various text was moved out of this page into the new man-pages.7.
mdoc.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO referring to new man-pages.7.
mdoc.samples.7
mtk
A few changes, hopefully done right, to eliminate some
errors to stderr when rendering with man(1).
rtnetlink.7
mtk
Shorten a line in table so it fits in 80 columns.
Minor rewording under BUGS.
tzselect.8
mtk
Moved EXIT STATUS section.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.55 ====================
Released: 2007-06-10
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander Taboriskiy <alextab@math-solution.com>
Joey Hess <joeyh@debian.org>
John Reiser <jreiser@bitwagon.com>
Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Serge van den Boom <svdb@stack.nl>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Xose Vazquez Perez <xose.vazquez@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
clone.2
getdents.2
gettid.2
ioprio_set.2
llseek.2
mmap2.2
modify_ldt.2
mq_getsetattr.2
pivot_root.2
quotactl.2
readdir.2
sysctl.2
syslog.2
tkill.2
mtk, after a note by Mike Frysinger
Updated to reflect the fact that the _syscallN() macros
have gone away,
Several pages
mtk
Change reference to path_resolution.2 to path_resolution.7.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Moved pages
-----------
path_resolution.2 has been moved to section 7, thus path_resolution.7
mtk
Reason: this is an overview page, not one describing as
a specific system call.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
MAINTAINING
mtk, after a note from Xose Vazquez Perez
Added pointer to Red Hat man-pages bugzilla.
mtk
Added a release philosophy note on separating out big
formatting changes into their own release that contains minimal
content changes.
accept.2
mtk
Add new EXAMPLE section with pointer to example in bind.2.
arch_prctl.2
mtk
Added RETURN VALUE section.
bind.2
mtk
Expand example program, and move it to new EXAMPLE section.
Added text pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3.
cacheflush.2
mtk
Convert NOTES section to CONFORMING TO and note that
this call is Linux-specific.
Other minor rewordings.
connect.2
mtk
Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3.
create_module.2
mtk
Add ENOSYS error.
fcntl.2
flock.2
mtk
Small rewrite of SEE ALSO text pointing to Documentation/* in
kernel source.
get_kernel_syms.2
mtk
Added ERRORS heading
Add ENOSYS error.
getdtablesize.2
mtk
Added an ERRORS section.
getsid.2
mtk
Added a RETURN VALUE section.
getpid.2
mtk
Added an ERRORS section (stating that the calls are
always successful).
ioctl_list.2
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference to ioctl.2.
listen.2
mtk
Add new EXAMPLE section with pointer to example in bind.2.
query_module.2
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Add ENOSYS error.
recv.2
mtk
Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3.
sched_get_priority_max.2
sched_rr_get_interval.2
sched_setscheduler.2
sched_yield.2
mtk
Modified .TH line
send.2
mtk
Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3.
set_tid_address.2
mtk
Added an ERRORS section (stating that the call is
always successful).
signal.2
mtk, after a note from Alexander Taboriskiy
Strengthen warning against the use of signal().
Added siginterrupt(3) to SEE ALSO list.
mtk
Rewrote various parts; added an ERRORS section.
socket.2
mtk
Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3.
stat.2
mtk
Added EXAMPLE program.
syscall.2
mtk
Converted to -man format; some rewrites; added an EXAMPLE.
sysctl.2
mtk
Improved the example program.
getnameinfo.3
mtk
Add text pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3.
getaddrinfo.3
mtk
Add example programs.
Add getnameinfo() to SEE ALSO list.
memmove.3
mtk / Serge van den Boom
Clarify discussion of what happens if 'src' and 'dest' overlap.
regex.3
Justin Pryzby
Add grep(1) to SEE ALSO list.
sigpause.3
mtk after a note from Ulrich Drepper
Clarify discussion of feature test macros that are needed to
expose System V and BSD versions of this function in glibc.
undocumented.3
mtk
Removed some functions that have been documented.
wprintf.2
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Remove wscanf.3 from SEE ALSO list, since that page does not exist.
utmp.5
Joey Hess
Removed outdated note on xdm.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=418009
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Removed outdated note about Debian and libc5.
bootparam.7
Martin (Joey) Schulze
Fix order of commands listed under 'init='.
hier.7
Joey Hess
Add /media, remove /dos.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=418234
inotify.7
mtk
Added text describing what happens when the buffer given to
read(2) is too small to return information about the next event,
and noting the behavior change in 2.6.21.
man-pages.7
mtk
Added text to note that ERRORS list should be in alphabetical order.
mdoc.7
mdoc.samples.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO reference to groff_mdoc(7).
unix.7
mtk
Added EXAMPLE section with pointer to bind.2 EXAMPLE.
ld.so.8
mtk
Simplify text describing --inhibit-rpath.
mtk, after a note by John Reiser
Describe use of $ORIGIN in rpath.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.56 ====================
Released: 2007-06-11
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
mtk
Removed version numbers in .TH lines.
Reason: these were only arbitrarily updated, and so impart no
useful information. Version information goes into a
VERSIONS section nowadays, and the date in the .TH line should
be updated to reflect the date of the last (significant)
change to the page.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.57 ====================
Released: 2007-06-17
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
mtk
Fix section numbers in page cross references.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
mtk
Minor wording fixes.
Small clarification of description of 'mode'.
bind.2
mtk
Small reworking of EXAMPLE program.
exit_group.2
mtk
Minor wording fixes.
exit.3
mtk
Added more detail on exit handlers.
Minor wording fixes.
ioctl.2
mtk
Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent mt.4.
modify_ldt.2
Samuel Thibault / mtk
In Linux 2.6, the 'modify_ldt_ldt_s' structure was renamed
'user_desc'.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=378668
mtk
Include definition of 'user_desc' structure.
Minor rewordings.
mprotect.2
mtk
Small reworking of EXAMPLE program.
sigaction.2
mtk
Removed reference to nonexistent sigsend(2).
a64l.3
mtk
Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent itoa.3.
dysize.3
mtk
Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent time.3.
encrypt.3
mtk
Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fcrypt.3.
fmemopen.3
mtk
Small reworking of EXAMPLE program.
fpurge.3
mtk
Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fclean.3.
getutent.3
mtk
s/ttyname(0)/ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)/ in program example.
vcs.4
mtk
s/exit(1)/exit(EXIT_FAILURE)/
environ.7
mtk
Correct some section numbers in page cross references.
man-pages.7
mtk
Modify requirements for example programs a little.
uri.7
mtk
Wrapped long source lines.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.58 ====================
Released: 2007-06-24
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Marc Boyer <marc.boyer@enseeiht.fr>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages, as detailed below
mtk
Added or updated VERSIONS sections.
killpg.2
setuid.2
faccessat.2
fork.2
setfsuid.2
kill.2
getsid.2
wait.2
execve.2
getpid.2
setgid.2
seteuid.2
setresuid.2
setfsgid.2
access.2
initgroups.3
euidaccess.3
tcgetpgrp.3
path_resolution.7
capabilities.7
unix.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO link to new credentials.7.
New pages
---------
credentials.7
mtk
An overview of Linux process identifiers (PIDs, PPIDs,
PGIDS, SIDs, UIDs, GIDs).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bind.2
mtk
Added some comments to example program.
getxattr.2
mtk
VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3.
listen.2
mtk
Updated discussion of somaxconn limit.
listxattr.2
mtk
VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3.
posix_fadvise.2
mtk
VERSIONS: Glibc support has been provided since version 2.2.
readahead.2
mtk
Added VERSIONS section.
remap_file_pages.2
mtk
Updated VERSIONS section with text on glibc support.
removexattr.2
mtk
VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3.
semop.2
mtk
Added VERSIONS section with info on semtimedop().
setxattr.2
mtk
VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3.
dl_iterate_phdr.3
mtk
VERSIONS: Supported since glibc 2.2.4.
getloadavg.3
mtk
Added VERSIONS section.
posix_openpt.3
mtk
VERSIONS: Supported since glibc 2.2.1.
printf.3
mtk after a suggestion by Mike Frysinger
Add text to the introductory part of DESCRIPTION, about the
'size' argument of snprintf() and vsnprintf().
shm_open.3
mtk
Added VERSIONS section; rewrote info about linking with -lrt.
strcat.3
Marc Boyer
Improve the discussion of strncat().
strcpy.3
Marc Boyer
Improve the discussion of strncpy().
proc.5
mtk
Added discussion of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.59 ====================
Released: 2007-06-25
Global changes
--------------
Manual pages are now standardized on American spelling. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences
for more information on the differences. Formerly, different pages (and
sometimes even a single page!) employed American and British spelling
conventions; best to standardize on one spelling, and American English
is the standard in Computer Science.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
man-pages.7
mtk
Note that man-pages has now standardized on American spelling
conventions.
execve.2
getxattr.2
listxattr.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
signal.2
syscall.2
aio_cancel.3
bindresvport.3
stdarg.3
charmap.5
bootparam.7
ipv6.7
man.7
path_resolution.7
uri.7
nscd.8
mtk
Corrected minor spelling/wording mistakes (i.e., changes
independent of fixes for American spelling).
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.60 ====================
Released: 2007-06-25
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
Wrapped lines in some files.
Various pages
mtk
Change "e.g. " to "e.g., ", or in some cases, "for example, ".
Various pages
mtk
Change "i.e. " to i.e., ", or in some cases, "that is, ".
Various pages
mtk
Removed AUTHORS section.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
vfork.2
mtk
s/w.r.t/with respect to/
man-pages.7
mtk
Strengthened warning against use of AUTHORS section.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.61 ====================
Released: 2007-07-01
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
Florian Ernst <florian_ernst@gmx.net>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Jeff Schroeder <jeffschroeder@computer.org>
Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org>
Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org>
Serge van den Boom <svdb@stack.nl>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
substitute `\\0' by '\\0'.
Various pages
mtk
s/`/'/ when the thing being quoted is a character.
accept.2
bind.2
connect.2
getsockopt.2
listen.2
socket.2
socketpair.2
mtk after a note by Martin (Joey) Schulze
Add NOTES paragraph noting that <sys/types.h> isn't required by
POSIX.1-2001 or Linux, but was required on some implementations.
accept.2
getsockname.2
recv.2
vm86.2
send.2
getgrouplist.3
memmem.3
nsswitch.conf.5
putenv.3
wprintf.3
mtk
Replace form `...' with \fI...\fP where the enclosed string
is a pathname, type name, or argument name.
A few files
mtk
s/process' /process's/
gets.3
qsort.3
getaddrinfo.3
rpc.3
ungetwc.3
wcsnrtombs.3
capabilities.7
mtk
Add section number to page cross references.
time.1
bind.2
pivot_root.2
sysctl.2
mtk
Reordered .SH sections.
full.4
mouse.4
random.4
sd.4
mtk
Made CONFIG/CONFIGURING heading ==> CONFIGURATION
time.1
console_codes.4
random.4
sk98lin.4
charmap.5
ftpusers.5
bootparam.7
charsets.7
glob.7
mq_overview.7
unicode.7
uri.7
utf-8.7
mtk
Reformatted headings
New pages
---------
backtrace.3
mtk, with input from Justin Pryzby and Stefan Puiu
Documents backtrace(), backtrace_symbols(), and
backtrace_symbols_fd().
New links
---------
backtrace_symbols.3
backtrace_symbols_fd.3
mtk
Links to backtrace.3.
__clone.2
Stepan Kasal
Link to clone.2.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
Makefile
Serge van den Boom
Fix setting of 'prefix' macro.
eval.1p
Benno Schulenberg
Fix bad text (concatenated line).
chdir.2
mtk
Fixed description of EACCES error.
Added sentence defining "current working directory".
Other minor wording changes.
cfree.3
mtk
Added SEE ALSO section.
clone.2
mtk
s/clone2/__clone2/.
fdatasync.2
mtk
Minor wording changes.
fork.2
Alain Portal
Fix small wording error.
gethostid.2
Stefan Puiu / mtk
Add NOTES on what happens if gethostid() can't open /etc/hostid.
idle.2
mtk
Made NOTES text into a VERSIONS section, since that's what it
really describes.
ioperm.2
mtk
Minor wording changes.
intro.2
mtk
Rewrite to reflect the fact that the _syscallN
macros are no longer available.
io_cancel.2
mtk
Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS.
io_destroy.2
mtk
Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS.
io_getevents.2
mtk
Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS.
io_setup.2
mtk
Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS.
io_submit.2
Ivana Varekova
Fix include in SYNOPSIS.
mtk
Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS.
ipc.2
mtk
Add semtimedop() to SEE ALSO.
Note that some architectures don't have ipc(2); instead
real system calls are provided for shmctl(), semctl(), etc.
killpg.2
mtk
Minor wording changes.
listen.2
mtk
Added <sys/types.h> to SYNOPSIS.
sched_setscheduler.2
mtk
Add NOTES para about permissions required to call
sched_setscheduler() on other systems.
select.2
mtk
Noted that 'timeout' can also be changed if select() is
interrupted by a signal.
setup.2
mtk
Remove reference to _syscall0() macro.
shmop.2
mtk
Changed text for EINVAL error.
socketcall.2
mtk
Add recvmsg() and sendmsg() to SEE ALSO.
Note that some architectures don't have socketcall(2); instead
real system calls are provided for socket(), bind(), etc.
swapon.2
Ivana Varekova / mtk
Update text for EPERM error describing the maximum number of
swap files. (From downstream Fedora patch.)
write.2
mtk
Added details about seekable files and file offset.
Noted that write() may write less than 'count' bytes, and
gave some examples of why this might occur.
Noted what happens if write() is interrupted by a signal.
Minor wording changes.
__setfpucw.3
mtk
Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits.
confstr.3
mtk
Minor rewrites in code example.
ctime.3
Justin Pryzby
Make SEE ALSO refer to timegm.3
daemon.3
mtk
Small wording change.
dl_iterate_phdr.3
Michael Gehring
Comment was missing closing "*/".
dlopen.3
mtk
Formatting changes, and minor rewordings.
mtk, after a note by Serge van den Boom
Add a comment explaining the need for the rather
strange cast of the return value of dlsym().
fpclassify.3
mtk
Add "isinf" to NAME section.
getgrouplist.3
mtk
Minor rewording.
getline.3
mtk
Minor rewording, and note that '*n* is ignored
if '*lineptr' is NULL.
malloc.3
Ivana Varekova / mtk
Update description of MALLOC_CHECK_ to include description
for value 3. (From downstream Fedora patch.)
netlink.3
mtk
Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits.
openpty.3
mtk
Minor changes to SYNOPSIS.
program_invocation_name.3
mtk
Shortened page title to INVOCATION_NAME.
rtnetlink.3
mtk
Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits.
scanf.3
Florian Ernst
Fix duplicated word "the".
(Really fix http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=412467 !)
select_tut.3
mtk
Small wording change.
setnetgrent.3
mtk
Added a CONFORMING TO section.
sigpause.3
mtk
Added a CONFORMING TO section.
strftime.3
Just Pryzby
Small wording fix.
mtk
Note use of "gcc -Wno-format-y2k" to avoid the "`%c' yields only
last 2 digits of year in some locales" warning.
strstr.3
mtk
Add "strcasestr" to NAME section.
syslog.3
mtk
Small wording change.
termios.3
mtk
Reformat SYNOPSIS.
Added a CONFORMING TO section.
timegm.3
mtk
Small wording changes.
ulimit.3
mtk
Remove erroneous text saying that glibc does not provide
<ulimit.h>; it does.
initrd.4
mtk
Various reformattings.
core.5
mtk
Added a sentence noting why core dumps named "core.PID" were useful
with LinuxThreads.
bootparam.7
mtk
Fix capitalization in .SS headings.
epoll.7
mtk
Language clean ups.
feature_test_macros.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO section.
mq_overview.7
mtk
Reformatted headings; minor rewrites.
sem_overview.7
mtk
Reformatted headings; minor rewrites.
socket.7
Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org>
Document argument type for SO_REUSEADDR.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=255881
uri.7
mtk
Wrap long line in SYNOPSIS.
ldconfig.8
mtk
Added SEE ALSO section.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.62 ====================
Released: 2007-07-09
This release consists solely of formatting fixes. There are no changes
to content.
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Many many pages
mtk
Many many formatting fixes.
man[013]p/*
Stepan Kasal
Add section number to .TH line for POSIX pages in man[013]p.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.63 ====================
Released: 2007-07-16
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Arnd Bergmann <arndb@de.ibm.com>
Eduardo M. Fleury <efleury@br.ibm.com>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Marc Boyer <marc.boyer@enseeiht.fr>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Martin Röhricht <martin@roehricht.info>
Patrick Mansfield <patmans@us.ibm.com>
Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
gettimeofday.2
madvise.2
msgctl.2
select.2
semctl.2
shmctl.2
syslog.2
stat.2
a64l.3
printf.3
termios.3
xdr.3
sd.4
mtk
Minor wording changes.
obsolete.2
syscall.2
unimplemented.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO reference to syscalls.2.
New pages
---------
sgetmask.2
mtk
A real man page for sgetmask(2) and ssetmask(2).
(This page replaces a previous link of the same name, which
linked to signal.2.)
spu_create.2
Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk
Document the PowerPC SPU spu_create() system call.
(Originally taken from the kernel source file
Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.)
spu_run.2
Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk
Document the PowerPC SPU spu_run() system call.
(Originally taken from the kernel source file
Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.)
spufs.7
Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk
Document the PowerPC SPU file system.
(Originally taken from the kernel source file
Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.)
Removed Pages
-------------
__clone.2
mtk
This file was created by accident in 2.61, as a copy of clone.2.
(it should have been a link to clone.2.)
obsolete.2
mtk
Details on this page are covered in syscalls.2 and in
respective syscall man pages (stat.2, uname.2).
undocumented.2
mtk
This page is very out of date, and in any case difficult
to maintain. Information about undocumented system calls
is maintained in the HOWTOHELP file, and probably in other
places soon.
killpg.3
mtk
This rather incomplete page seems unnecessary since there
is a killpg.2.
New links
---------
chown32.2
fchown32.2
getegid32.2
geteuid32.2
getgid32.2
getgroups32.2
getresgid32.2
getresuid32.2
getuid32.2
lchown32.2
setfsgid32.2
setfsuid32.2
setgid32.2
setgroups32.2
setregid32.2
setresgid32.2
setresuid32.2
setreuid32.2
setuid32.2
mtk
Added as link to corresponding page without "32".
fcntl64.2
fstat64.2
fstatat64.2
fstatfs64.2
ftruncate64.2
getdents64.2
lstat64.2
pread64.2
pwrite64.2
sendfile64.2
stat64.2
statfs64.2
truncate64.2
mtk
Added as link to corresponding page without "64".
__clone2.2
clone2.2
mtk
Links to clone.2.
ugetrlimit.2
mtk
Link to getrlimit.2.
mq_notify.2
mq_open.2
mq_timedreceive.2
mq_timedsend.2
mq_unlink.2
mtk
Added as links to corresponding section 3 pages.
fadvise64.2
fadvise64_64.2
mtk
Links to posix_fadvise.2.
rt_sigaction.2
rt_sigpending.2
rt_sigprocmask.2
rt_sigtimedwait.2
mtk
Added as link to corresponding page without "rt_" prefix.
rt_sigqueueinfo.2
mtk
Link to sigqueue.2.
madvise1.2
tuxcall.2
vserver.2
mtk / Ivana Varekova
Link to unimplemented.2.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
mtk
Fairly substantial rewrites of various parts,
and a few additions.
chmod.2
mtk
Update SYNOPSIS to reflect the fact that fchmod(2) needs
either "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500" or "#define _BSD_SOURCE".
chown.2
mtk
Update SYNOPSIS to reflect the fact that fchmod(2) and lchown(2)
need either "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500" or "#define _BSD_SOURCE".
Added an example program.
killpg.2
mtk
Note that killpg() is actually a library function on Linux.
mmap.2
mtk
Added note that glibc mmap() wrapper nowadays invokes mmap2().
mmap2.2
Ivana Varekova / mtk
On most platforms the unit for 'offset' is 4096 bytes, not
the system page size.
mtk
Rewrote NOTES to note that glibc mmap() wrapper nowadays
invokes this system call.
mtk
Added an EXAMPLE program.
oldfstat.2
oldlstat.2
oldstat.2
mtk
Changed link to point to stat.2 (instead of obsolete.2).
olduname.2
oldolduname.2
mtk
Changed link to point to uname.2 (instead of obsolete.2).
sched_setaffinity.2
Martin Röhricht
Added _GNU_SOURCE to SYNOPSIS.
semctl.2
mtk
Remove reference discussion of ipc(2), since none of the
other System V IPC pages mention ipc(2).
semop.2
mtk
Add an example code segment.
shmctl.2
mtk
Add svipc(7) to SEE ALSO list.
sigaction.2
mtk
Reformatted tables as lists; other minor reformattings and
wording changes.
sigqueue.2
mtk
Added info on rt_sigqueueinfo(2).
sigwaitinfo.2
mtk
Noted that sigwaitinfo() is a library function implemented on
top of sigtimedwait().
ssetmask.2
mtk
Make this link point to new sgetmask.2 instead of signal.2.
stat.2
mtk
Add notes on the different system call interfaces that
have appeared over time.
syscalls.2
mtk
A fairly substantial rewrite of this page,
bringing it up to date with the current
kernel version, and listing all system calls
in tabular form.
uname.2
mtk
Add notes on the different system call interfaces that
have appeared over time.
unimplemented.2
mtk
Add vserver, madvise1 to NAME line.
Removed SEE ALSO reference to obsolete.2.
Ivana Varekova
Add tuxcall to NAME line.
mktemp.3
Patrick Mansfield
Fix description of return value.
strcat.3
Marc Boyer
Minor fix to example program.
undocumented.3
mtk
Add section numbers to function names; remove some functions
since they are documented.
proc.5
mtk
Update/correct text on /proc/malloc.
mtk, after a note by Pierre Habouzit, and a few comments by Justin Pryzby
Update description of /proc/PID/stat to match 2.6.21.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417933
inotify.7
mtk
IN_DONT_FOLLOW and IN_ONLYDIR are only available from 2.6.15.
signal.7
Stepan Kasal / mtk
Note SIGRTMIN value depends on glibc.
mtk
Various rewrites and additions to the text in real-time signals.
Add SEE ALSO reference to sgetmask.2.
svipc.7
mtk
Add ipc(2) to SEE ALSO.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.64 ====================
Released: 2007-07-27
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Aleksandr Koltsoff <czr@iki.fi>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
INFINITY.3
_exit.2
a64l.3
abs.3
acct.2
acosh.3
addseverity.3
adjtime.3
asinh.3
atanh.3
atoi.3
brk.2
cbrt.3
cfree.3
chdir.2
chmod.2
chown.2
clearenv.3
clock_getres.3
clone.2
confstr.3
copysign.3
ctermid.3
ctime.3
daemon.3
dirfd.3
div.3
drand48.3
drand48_r.3
dysize.3
ecvt.3
ecvt_r.3
erf.3
euidaccess.3
exp2.3
expm1.3
fdatasync.2
ferror.3
fexecve.3
fgetgrent.3
fgetpwent.3
finite.3
flockfile.3
fopen.3
fpclassify.3
fsync.2
futimes.3
fwide.3
gamma.3
gcvt.3
getcwd.3
getdate.3
getdirentries.3
getdomainname.2
getdtablesize.2
getgrent.3
getgrent_r.3
getgrouplist.3
getgroups.2
gethostbyname.3
gethostid.2
gethostname.2
getlogin.3
getmntent.3
getpagesize.2
getpw.3
getpwent.3
getpwent_r.3
getpwnam.3
getsid.2
getspnam.3
gettimeofday.2
getumask.3
getusershell.3
gsignal.3
hypot.3
inet.3
initgroups.3
insque.3
isalpha.3
iswblank.3
j0.3
kill.2
killpg.2
lgamma.3
lockf.3
log1p.3
log2.3
logb.3
longjmp.3
lrint.3
lround.3
madvise.2
mbsnrtowcs.3
memfrob.3
mincore.2
mkdtemp.3
mknod.2
mkstemp.3
mktemp.3
nan.3
nanosleep.2
nextafter.3
nice.2
on_exit.3
perror.3
posix_memalign.3
posix_openpt.3
printf.3
profil.3
psignal.3
putenv.3
putpwent.3
qecvt.3
rand.3
random.3
rcmd.3
readahead.2
readlink.2
realpath.3
remainder.3
remquo.3
rexec.3
rint.3
round.3
rpmatch.3
scalb.3
scandir.3
scanf.3
seekdir.3
select.2
sem_wait.3
semop.2
setbuf.3
setenv.3
seteuid.2
setjmp.3
setnetgrent.3
setpgid.2
setresuid.2
setreuid.2
sigaltstack.2
siginterrupt.3
significand.3
sigqueue.2
sigvec.3
sigwaitinfo.2
sockatmark.3
stat.2
stime.2
strdup.3
strerror.3
strsep.3
strtod.3
strtok.3
strtol.3
strtoul.3
symlink.2
sync.2
syscall.2
syslog.3
tcgetsid.3
telldir.3
tempnam.3
termios.3
tgamma.3
timegm.3
toascii.3
trunc.3
truncate.2
ttyslot.3
tzset.3
ualarm.3
unlocked_stdio.3
unshare.2
usleep.3
vfork.2
vhangup.2
wait.2
wait4.2
wcscasecmp.3
wcsncasecmp.3
wcsnlen.3
wcsnrtombs.3
wcswidth.3
wordexp.3
wprintf.3
mtk
Added/updated feature test macro requirements for
glibc; see feature_test_macros.7 for details.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mq_notify.2
mq_open.2
mq_timedreceive.2
mq_timedsend.2
mq_unlink.2
mtk
Fix broken link
setpgid.2
mtk
Fairly substantial changes and corrections, including adding
coverage of all of the interfaces that get/set PGIDs.
syscalls.2
mtk / aeb
Various rewordings; clear up some imprecisions.
lgamma.3
mtk
Added 'signgam' to SYNOPSIS and NAME line.
strerror.3
mtk
Note that the XPG version is provided since glibc 2.3.4.
The page formerly said that the GNU-specific version
is provided by default. That certainly isn't true
nowadays, since _POSIX_C_SOURCE is set to 200112L by
default, so that the XSI-compliant version is supplied
by default.
man-pages.7
mtk
Added note pointing to feature_test_macros.7 for a description
of how feature test macro requirements should be specified in
manual pages. Various other minor fixes and changes.
feature_test_macros.7
mtk
Added note about how feature test macros are specified
in manual pages.
Many other corrections, improvements, additions, and
details about differences across glibc versions.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.65 ====================
Released: 2007-09-17
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Aleksandr Koltsoff <czr@iki.fi>
Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Ari Entlich <lmage11@twcny.rr.com>
Carsten Emde <Carsten.Emde@osadl.org>
François Diakhate <diakhate@enseirb.fr>
Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk>
Jon Burgess <jburgess777@googlemail.com>
Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Maxime Bizon <mbizon@freebox.fr>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Michael Prokop <mika@grml.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Nicolas George <nicolas.george@ens.fr>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
Various pages
mtk
Use 'glibc' consistently to refer to GNU C library.
Various pages
mtk
Order errors under ERRORS alphabetically.
Various pages
Nicolas François
Spelling and formatting fixes, as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=439560
intro.2
select.2
fmtmsg.3
getgrent_r.3
envz_add.3
rtime.3
strptime.3
wordexp.3
Maxime Vaudequin
Add "#include <stdlib.h>" (to declare exit(3)) to example program.
New pages
---------
timeradd.3
mtk
Description of timeradd(), timersub(), timerclear(),
timerisset(), timercmp() macros for operating on
struct timeval.
Removed pages
-------------
fdatasync.2
mtk
Somehow, over time, material on fdatasync(2) crept into
fsync.2, and fdatasync also got added to the NAME section
of fsync.2. All of the material in fdatasync.2 that was
not already in fsync.2 has now been moved there, and
the former page has been removed.
In place of the content there, is now a link to fsync.2.
New links
---------
clock_getres.2
clock_gettime.2
clock_settime.2
mtk
Link to man3/clock_getres.3.
fdatasync.2
mtk
Link to fsync.2.
fdopendir.3
mtk
Link to opendir.3.
gethostbyaddr_r.3
Mats Wichmann
Link to gethostbyaddr.3.
timerclear.3
timercmp.3
timerisset.3
timersub.3
mtk
Links to new timeradd.3.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
Makefile
Mike Frysinger
Make the install target of man-pages respect the standard
"DESTDIR" variable as well as check the exit status of the
install command so errors aren't ignored.
get_mempolicy.2
Lee Schermerhorn
changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" through out the
descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory
policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes.
added requirement to link '-lnuma' to synopsis
rewrite portions of description for clarification.
added all errors currently returned by sys call.
removed cautionary note that use of MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR
is not supported. This is no longer true.
added mmap(2) to SEE ALSO list.
getitimer.2
mtk
Since kernel 2.6.22, Linux setitimer() now conforms to POSIX.1,
giving an EINVAL error for a non-canonical tv_usec value.
gettimeofday.2
mtk
Replace discussion of timer* macros with a pointer
to new page timeradd.3.
ioctl_list.2
Nicolas George
Fixed argument type for BLKGETSIZE.
mbind.2
Lee Schermerhorn
changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" throughout the
descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory
policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes.
rewrite portions of description for clarification.
clarify interaction of policy with mmap()'d files and shared
memory regions, including SHM_HUGE regions.
defined how "empty set of nodes" specified and what this
means for MPOL_PREFERRED.
mention what happens if local/target node contains no
free memory.
clarify semantics of multiple nodes to BIND policy.
Note: subject to change. We'll fix the man pages when/if
this happens.
added all errors currently returned by sys call.
added mmap(2), shmget(2), shmat(2) to SEE ALSO list.
mmap.2
mprotect.2
François Diakhate
Add text noting that PROT_WRITE may (and on x86 does)
imply PROT_READ.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=441387
nfsservctl.2
Aleksandr Koltsoff
Fix prototype.
oldfstat.2
oldlstat.2
oldstat.2
mtk
Fix broken link
prctl.2
mtk
Update arches/kernel versions for PR_SET_UNALAIGN / PR_GET_UNALIGN.
readahead.2
mtk
Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fadvise.2.
reboot.2
mtk
Place SYNOPSIS comments inside C comments (/* ... */).
sched_setaffinity.2
Samuel Thibault
Note what thread is affected if 'pid' is specified
as 0, or as the value returned by getpid().
sched_setscheduler.2
Carsten Emde
Add text on real-time features of mainline Linux kernel.
select_tut.2
mtk
sync SYNOPSIS with select.2
set_mempolicy.2
Lee Schermerhorn
changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" throughout the
descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory
policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes.
added requirement to link '-lnuma' to synopsis
rewrite portions of description for clarification.
clarify interaction of policy with mmap()'d files.
defined how "empty set of nodes" specified and what this
means for MPOL_PREFERRED.
mention what happens if local/target node contains no
free memory.
clarify semantics of multiple nodes to BIND policy.
Note: subject to change. We'll fix the man pages when/if
this happens.
added all errors currently returned by sys call.
added mmap(2) to SEE ALSO list.
sigaction.2
mtk
s/si_sign/si_errno/ in statement about which field is unused.
Ari Entlich
s/SIGILL/SIGCHLD/ for paragraph describing SIGCHLD.
stat.2
mtk
Improve text describing underlying system calls.
swapon.2
Michael Prokop
EINVAL also occurs if target path is on tmpfs or similar.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435885
sync.2
mtk
Incorporated material from now deleted fdatasync.2.
syscall.2
mtk
Small fix in example program.
uname.2
mtk
Improve text describing underlying system calls.
utime.2
Vincent Lefevre / mtk
Clarify utimes() behaviour when 'times' is NULL.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=431480
mtk
Other minor clarifications of description of utimes().
copysign.3
Vincent Lefevre
s/sign/sign bit/ to remove ambiguity in description.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435415
euidaccess.3
mtk
Changed NOTES to VERSIONS.
ffsl.3
mtk
Add ffsl and ffsll to NAME line.
fts.3
mtk
Removed statement that fts functions are expected to appear
soon in POSIX; it's years old and has not yet come to pass.
ftw.3
mtk / Geoff Clare
Fixes/improvements for example program.
getdate.3
mtk
Add getdate_r to NAME section.
getaddrinfo.3
mtk / Geoff Clare
Fixes/improvements for example program.
gethostbyaddr.3
Mats Wichmann
Add documentation for gethostbyaddr_r().
Plus a few other small fixes.
gethostbyname.3
mtk
Add gethostbyname2, gethostbyname2_r, gethostbyname_r,
gethostent_r to NAME line.
getmntent.3
mtk
Fix misnamed function references.
getopt.3
Jon Burgess
Fix small error in example program.
getrpcent.3
mtk
Add setrpcent and endrpcent to NAME line.
gsignal.3
Aleksandr Koltsoff
Fix gsignal() prototype.
hsearch.3
mtk
Add hcreate_r, hdestroy_r, hsearch_r to NAME line.
inet.3
Maxime Bizon
Correct definition of "struct in_addr".
isatty.3
mtk
Minor wording fix.
isgreater.3
mtk
Add islessequal to NAME line.
lgamma.3
Vincent Lefevre
Fix CONFORMING TO section.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417592
log1p.3
mtk
Add log1pf and log1pl to NAME line.
longjmp.3
Paul Brook / mtk
After a call to longjmp(), the values of modified, non-volatile
variables in the function that called setjmp() are unspecified.
makecontext.3
Aleksandr Koltsoff
Fix makecontext() prototype.
malloc.3
mtk / Tolga Dalman
Explain what happens for malloc(0), or calloc() where one of the
arguments is 0.
mtk
Added notes on malloc()'s use of sbrk() and mmap().
mtk
Add mmap(2), alloca(3) to SEE ALSO.
mq_close.3
mq_getattr.3
mq_notify.3
mq_open.3
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
mq_unlink.3
mtk
Add "Link with -lrt." to SYNOPSIS.
opendir.3
Ulrich Drepper; some edits and additional text by mtk
Document fdopendir().
readdir.3
mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen
Document DT_* constants for d_type.
Ulrich Drepper / mtk
Rework discussion of non-standard structure fields.
sem_wait.3
mtk
Minor improvements to example program.
syslog.3
mtk
Add vsyslog to NAME section.
termios.3
Nicolas François
Fix XCASE feature test macro description.
wcsspn.3
Aleksandr Koltsoff
Add return type to prototype.
proc.5
mtk
Improve description of num_threads field under /proc/PID/stat.
Maxime Vaudequin
Fix path error (s%proc/sys%proc/sys/kernel%) in mentions of
/proc/sys/ostype, /proc/sys/osrelease and proc/sys/version.
Maxime Vaudequin
I noticed things to correct and to clarify in subsection
"/proc/filesystems" of proc.5:
- clarify filesystems listing: not only FS compiled
into the kernel, also FS kernel modules currently loaded
- add a reference to fs(5)
- add an explanation for FS marked with "nodev"
- s/mount(1)/mount(8)/, also corrected in section "SEE ALSO"
- clarify usage by mount: the current wording may lead to
think /proc/filesystems is always used by mount when no FS
is specified. So, usage of "may" which IMHO is more
appropriate + additional explanations
In mount(8) we can see:
If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is
specified, mount will try to guess the desired type.
If mount was compiled with the blkid library, the
guessing is done by this library. Otherwise, mount
guesses itself by probing the superblock; if that
does not turn up anything that looks familiar,
mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems,
or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems.
All of the filesystem types listed there will be
tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev"
(e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems
ends in a line with a single * only, mount will
read /proc/filesystems afterwards.
Samuel Thibault
Since linux 2.6.11, /proc/stat has an eighth value for cpu
lines: stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating
systems when running in a virtualized environment.
arp.7
Updated BUGS text referring to jiffies; refer to time.7 instead.
credentials.7
mtk
Add words to note that file system ID is Linux specific.
hier.7
Maxime Vaudequin
This is some corrections for hier.7:
- missing period for /media and /mnt
- /mnt description is not totally correct, it is true for some
distributions but in others /mnt is used as a temporary FS
mount point, as it is specified by FHS:
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#MNTMOUNTPOINTFORATEMPORARILYMOUNT
- s/X-Windows/X-Window/ (3 occurrences)
- section "SEE ALSO": s/mount(1)/mount(8)/
man-pages.7
man.7
mdoc.7
mdoc.samples.7
mtk / Nicolas François
Nowadays tmac.XXX are called XXX.tmac.
pthreads.7
mtk
Update text about modern threading implementations
(NPTL vs LinuxThreads).
socket.7
mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen
Clarify that SO_SNDTIMEO and SO_RCVTIMEO only have effect for
socket I/O calls; not for multiplexing system calls like
select() and poll().
time.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO reference to new timeradd.3.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.66 ====================
Released: 2007-10-01
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Amit K. Arora <aarora@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
David Chinner <dgc@sgi.com>
Fredrik Noring <noring@nocrew.org>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Ollie Wild <aaw@google.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.
New pages
---------
fallocate.2
David Chinner, with some input from Amit Amora and mtk
Describes the fallocate() system call, new in 2.6.23.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
close.2
Fredrik Noring
Add text cautioning about use of close() in
multithreaded programs.
execve.2
Ollie Wild / mtk
Add text describing limit on total size of argv + envp,
and changes that occurred with 2.6.23.
mtk
Add getopt(3) to SEE ALSO list.
open.2
mtk, Acked by Ulrich Drepper
Added description of O_CLOEXEC (new in 2.6.23) + other
minor fixes for O_DIRECT.
recv.2
mtk
Added description of MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC (new in 2.6.23).
sysctl.2
mtk
Strengthened the warning against using this system call
and note that it may disappear in a future kernel version.
rpc.3
Mats Wichmann
Fix type definition for 'protocol' in prototypes of pmap_set()
and pmap_getport().
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.67 ====================
Released: 2007-10-08
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andrew Josey <a.josey@opengroup.org>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
*.1p
*.3p
mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen and consultation with Andrew Josey.
Add a PROLOG section:
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
The Linux implementation of this interface may differ
(consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details
of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented
on Linux.
*.0p
*.1p
*.3p
mtk
Some formatting fixes, mostly to get rid of unwanted
spaces before "," in formatted output.
*
*/*
mtk
Change all occurrences of my email address in man-pages source
to my new gmail address.
Many many pages
Maxime Vaudequin
I noticed useless use of macros with alternating formatting
(".IR" instead ".I" which suffices, ".BR" instead ".B", etc.)
because there is only one element. For example in ldconfig.8:
-.BR /sbin/ldconfig
+.B /sbin/ldconfig
This is not very important, it only makes the sources more tidy.
To find these I used:
egrep '^\.(B[RI]|R[IB]|I[RB]) ([^ ]+|\"[^\"]\+\")$'
And if you want to make these changes, you can use:
sed 's/^\(\.[BRI]\)[BRI]\( \([^ ]\+\|\"[^\"]\+\"\)\)$/\1\2/g'
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.68 ====================
Released: 2007-11-19
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net>
Andrew McDonald <andrew@mcdonald.org.uk>
Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk>
Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi>
Hyokyong Kim <hyokyong@ppj.kr>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Justin Pryzby <jpryzby+d@quoininc.com>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Timo Juhani Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
futimesat.2
linkat.2
mkdirat.2
mknodat.2
readlinkat.2
renameat.2
symlinkat.2
mkfifoat.3
mtk, after http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=445436
by Timo Juhani Lindfors
Added <fcntl.h> to SYNOPSIS.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
New pages
---------
_syscall.2
mtk
Created as a new page, by taking the content specific to
the _syscall() macros from intro(2).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
README
mtk
Brought up to date.
man-pages-*-Announce
mtk
Brought the info in here up to date.
intro.1
mtk
Added intro paragraph about section, plus a paragraph
about exit status values.
Move "user intro" text to NOTES.
get_mempolicy.2
mtk
Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically
intro.2
mtk
Pretty much a complete rewrite, covering some additional topics.
Moved _syscallN() material to new _syscall(2) page.
mbind.2
mtk
Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically
mmap.2
Maxime Vaudequin
Fix syntax error in example program.
prctl.2
mtk
Linux 2.6.22 added support on Alpha for PR_SET_UNALIGN.
ptrace.2
Nicolas François / mtk
s/PTRACE_POKEUSR/PTRACE_POKEUSER/
s/PTRACE_PEEKUSR/PTRACE_PEEKUSER/
read.2
mtk / Geoff Clare
Add text describing timerfd EINVAL error for read(2).
set_mempolicy.2
mtk
Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically
syscall.2
mtk
Added _syscall(2) and intro(2) to SEE ALSO section.
syscalls.2
mtk
Added fallocate(2); removed timerfd(2).
sysinfo.2
mtk
Removed reference to example in intro(2).
dlopen.3
mtk
Added "Link with -ldl." to SYNOPSIS.
getaddrinfo.3
Ulrich Drepper / mtk
Remove references to getipnodebyname.3 and getipnodebyaddr.3.
gethostbyname.3
mtk / Ulrich Drepper
Remove SEE ALSO references to getipnodebyname.3 and
getipnodebyaddr.3.
Pádraig Brady / mtk / Ulrich Drepper
Point out that the functions described on this page
are made obsolete by getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3).
getipnodebyname.3
mtk
Clarify that glibc does not implement these functions.
glob.3
Ulrich Drepper / mtk
Fix description of GLOB_ONLYDIR.
mtk
Added description of GLOB_TILDE_NOMATCH.
Expanded the description of various flags.
Various wording fixes..
intro.3
mtk
Pretty much a complete rewrite, covering some additional topics.
posix_fallocate.3
mtk
Add SEE ALSO referring to fallocate.2.
rpc.3
Sam Varshavchik
Add some arg declarations to prototypes; fix typos.
setbuf.3
Mike Frysinger
Fix text in BUGS section.
sigset.3
mtk
The sigset() bugs were fixed in glibc 2.5.
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1951
intro.4
mtk
Minor rewrites.
st.4
Maxime Vaudequin
Various small corrections, formattings and modifications.
elf.5
Mike Frysinger
Document:
- new p_flag: PT_GNU_STACK
- new sections: .gnu.version .gnu.version_d .gnu.version_r
.note.GNU-stack
- new structures: ElfN_Verdef ElfN_Verdaux ElfN_Verneed
ElfN_Vernaux
intro.5
mtk
Minor rewrites.
proc.5
Ivana Varekova / mtk
Add text noting that since kernel 2.6.16, /proc/slabinfo is
only available if CONFIG_SLAB is enabled.
Maxime Vaudequin
Update description of /proc/pci.
Maxime Vaudequin
Give italic formatting to file names in proc.5.
mtk
The display type of the /proc/PID/stat fields changed
%lu to %u in Linux 2.6.22:
flags
rt_priority
policy
slabinfo.5
Ivana Varekova / mtk
Add text noting that since kernel 2.6.16, /proc/slabinfo is
only available if CONFIG_SLAB is enabled.
intro.6
mtk
Minor rewrites.
bootparam.7
Maxime Vaudequin
Update references to files in kernel "Documentation" directory.
intro.7
mtk
Minor rewrites.
ipv6.7
Andrew McDonald
Fix description of IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT option.
standards.7
mtk
Note online location of C99 standard.
intro.8
mtk
Some rewrites, plus new paragraph on exit status values.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.69 ====================
Released: 2007-12-03
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
David Härdeman <david@hardeman.nu>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Luke Browning <lukebr@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
*.[013]p
mtk
Many whitespace clean-ups in formatted output.
mprotect.2
bind.2
mq_notify.3
makecontext.3
fmemopen.3
David Härdeman / mtk
Rename error handling function in example program
(s/die/handle_error/).
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Removed pages
-------------
HOWTOHELP
MAINTAINING
mtk
The content of these files is now available in HTML format.
New links
---------
cfsetspeed.3
mtk
Link to termios.3.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
time.1
Alain Portal
Added "Linux User's Manual" to .TH line.
_syscall.2
aeb / mtk
Remove outdated text about pointer blocks for syscalls that have
more than 5 arguments.
fcntl.2
J. Bruce Fields
Add warning that mandatory locking is unreliable.
J. Bruce Fields
Clarify details in description of file leases.
J. Bruce Fields / mtk
Minor wording edits.
J. Bruce Fields
Add F_GETLEASE under RETURN VALUE.
mmap.2
mtk
Handle errors using a custom handle_error() macro.
sched_setscheduler.2
Mats Wichmann
Add BUGS text noting that the return value from Linux
sched_setschuler() does not conform to POSIX.
spu_create.2
Jeremy Kerr
Various updates and improvements.
Luke Browning
Refinement of text describing a "gang".
mtk
Minor edits.
spu_run.2
Jeremy Kerr
Various updates and improvements.
mtk
Minor edits.
err.3
mtk
Remove HISTORY section.
fopen.3
Mike Frysinger
Document 'e' (close-on-exec) option, new in glibc 2.7.
getloadavg.3
Alain Portal / mtk
Remove HISTORY section.
printf.3
Andries E. Brouwer / mtk
Fix the discussion of stdarg macros in the description of
vprintf() description.
sem_wait.3
mtk
Handle errors using a custom handle_error() macro.
sigsetops.3
Mats Wichmann
Note that sigset_t objects must be initialized
with sigemptyset() or sigfillset() before the other
macros are employed.
termios.3
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Added cfsetspeed() to SYNOPSIS. Added text under CONFORMING TO
noting that cfsetspeed() is BSD specific.
ttyslot.3
Alain Portal
Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since
that is the manual page more likely to be found on current
systems. (Completes changes that were made in man-pages-2.44.)
initrd.4
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Move "Configuration" section to top of page (like other
section 4 pages) and make it a .SH section.
full.4
mtk
Re-ordered CONFIGURATION section to go before DESCRIPTION.
sk98lin.4
Maxime Vaudequin
Fix reference to kernel Documentation file.
elf.5
mtk
Renamed HISTORY section to NOTES, and removed BSD specific info.
proc.5
Maxime Vaudequin
Mention grub(8) in same sentence as lilo(8).
Maxime Vaudequin
Improve description of /proc/sys/abi and
/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe.
utmp.5
Alain Portal
Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since
that is the manual page more likely to be found on current
systems. (Completes changes that were made in man-pages-2.44.)
iso_8859-2.7
Adam Borowski
Reverse the 2.68 change applied by mtk in response to
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=445085
that replaced "Sorbian" with "Serbian".
(Sorbian is a language of 50000 people in Brandenburg.)
man-pages.7
mtk
Added CONFIGURATION to list of "standard" section names.
spufs.7
Jeremy Kerr
Various updates and improvements.
mtk
Minor edits.
tcp.7
Maxime Vaudequin
Fix reference to kernel Documentation file.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.70 ====================
Released: 2007-12-06
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
mtk
Remove section numbers for page references where the
reference refers to the page itself. (This stops man2html
producing links from a page back to itself.)
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
get_mempolicy.2
mtk
Add CONFORMING TO section.
io_getevents.2
mtk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry.
mbind.2
mtk
Add CONFORMING TO section.
msgop.2
mtk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO entries.
sigprocmask.2
mtk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry.
splice.2
mtk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry.
Add SEE ALSO referring to vmsplice(2).
csin.3
mtk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry.
Add SEE ALSO referring to ccos(3).
gethostbyname.3
mtk
Add gethostbyaddr_r to NAME section.
rint.3
mtk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry.
sigsetops.3
mtk
Minor rewording.
epoll.7
mtk
Minor rewording.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.71 ====================
Released: 2007-12-14
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
John Sigler <linux.kernel@free.fr>
Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Pascal MALAISE <malaise@magic.fr>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
err.3
fts.3
getloadavg.3
queue.3
rcmd.3
rexec.3
stdin.3
elf.5
operator.7
mtk
Replaced the use of mdoc macros on these pages with man
macros. The only pages in man-pages that still use
mdoc macros are mdoc.7 and mdoc.samples.7.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Deleted pages
-------------
TODO
mtk
This information is now on the website.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
Changes.old
mtk
Reformat various change log entries to use a consistent format.
Expand Debian bug report numbers to be URLs.
Other minor tidy-ups.
fcntl.2
mtk
Document the F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC operation, which is
new in kernel 2.6.24.
listen.2
Josh Triplett
Fix incorrect path for somaxconn.
getpw.3
Alain PORTAL
Add ENOENT error to ERRORS.
sysconf.3
Mats Wichmann
Add documentation of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
tty.4
John Sigler
Add tty_ioctl(4) to SEE ALSO list.
regex.7
Pascal MALAISE <malaise@magic.fr>
Separate text on back references from that describing basic regexps,
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=379829.
mtk
Remove crufty text about word boundaries.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.72 ====================
Released: 2007-12-14
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Alex Tuninga <atuninga@google.com>
Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Rob Weryk <rjweryk@uwo.ca>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Alain PORTAL / mtk
Format include files consistently (".I <.*\.h>").
Various pages
Alain PORTAL / mtk
Format pathname in italics (.I).
dbopen.3
mpool.3
recno.3
Alain PORTAL
Remove brackets ([]) around error names.
console.4
tty.4
ttyS.4
issue.5
ttytype.5
utmp.5
mtk / Maxime Vaudequin
Some systems have mingetty(8), others have agetty(8), so both
should be mentioned when we are talking about getty-style programs.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Renamed pages
-------------
filesystems.5
mtk / Alain PORTAL
Was previously fs.5
New links
---------
argz.3
Bert Wesarg / mtk
Link to argz_add.3.
envz.3
Bert Wesarg / mtk
Link to envz_add.3.
fs.5
mtk / Alain PORTAL
Link to filesystems.5.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
readahead.2
Rob Weryk
Fix declaration of 'offset' in SYNOPSIS.
seteuid.2
mtk
s/SETGUID/SETEUID/ in .TH line.
__setfpucw.3
mtk
Fixed include files references / formatting.
abort.3
mtk, after a note by Alex Tuninga
A fairly significant rewrite to clarify operation of abort().
argz_add.3
Bert Wesarg / mtk
s/envz/envz_add/ in SEE ALSO.
basename.3
mtk
s/DIRNAME/BASENAME/ in .TH line, and swap function names
in NAME section.
envz_add.3
Bert Wesarg / mtk
s/argz/argz_add/ in SEE ALSO.
flockfile.3
mtk
s/LOCKFILE/FLOCKFILE/ in .TH line.
getgrent_r.3
mtk
s/GETGRENT/GETGRENT_R/ in .TH line.
stdio.3
Sam Varshavchik
Reformat function list at end of page as a proper table.
ttyslot.3
Maxime Vaudequin
Revert earlier s/getty/mingetty/. This page talks about
historical behavior, and that means "getty(8)".
undocumented.3
mtk
Remove reference to "obstack stuff"; it's not clear what
that is about.
console_ioctl.4
mtk
s/CONSOLE_IOCTLS/CONSOLE_IOCTL/ in .TH line.
proc.5
mtk
s/fs (5)/filesystems (5)/
man-pages.7
mtk / Alain PORTAL
Improve discussion of formatting of file names.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.73 ====================
Released: 2007-12-14
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Alain PORTAL
Formatting fixes.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mknod.2
mtk, after a report by Reuben Thomas
Clarify use of mkfifo() versus mknod().
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455825
fgetgrent.3
mtk
Small rewording.
fgetpwent.3
mtk
Small rewording.
rcmd.3
mtk
Noted feature test macro requirements.
BUGS: noted that iruserok() is not declared in glibc headers.
filesystems.5
mtk
Added Reiserfs, XFS, JFS to list of file systems.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.74 ====================
Released: 2007-12-20
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
David Brown <lkml@davidb.org>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Sam Morris <sam@robots.org.uk>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Alain PORTAL
Formatting fixes.
Various pages
mtk / Alain Portal
s/``...''/"..."/
Various pages
mtk
s/epoch/Epoch/
Various pages
mtk
Make the standard indent for code samples, shell session
logs, etc. to be ".in +4n".
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
_syscall.2
mtk
Nowadays there is _syscall6() also.
chroot.2
mtk
Various minor formatting changes.
epoll_wait.2
mtk
Fix types in structs.
Formatting fixes.
mount.2
mtk, after a note by Sam Morris
Clarify that MS_NODIRATIME provides a subset of the
functionality provided by MS_NOATIME.
sched_setaffinity.2
mtk
Minor rearrangement of text.
select_tut.2
mtk
Fix (my) typos in argument names.
Formatting fixes.
spu_create.2
Jeremy Kerr
We can use context FDs for the dirfd argument to the *at() syscalls.
times.2
mtk, after a note from David Brown and Andrew Morton
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=119447727031225&w=2
Rework the text describing the return value to be closer
to the requirements of POSIX.1; move Linux details
to NOTES and add a warning not to rely on those details.
Add a warning about the -1 to -4095 bug which results
in a 41 second window where the glibc wrapper will wrongly
return -1 indicating an error.
mtk
Remove cruft HZ text.
Clarify text describing return value of clock(3).
getw.3
Mats Wichmann
CONFORMING TO: getw() and putw() were in SUSv2, but are not
in POSIX.1-2001.
hash.3
mtk / Alain Portal
Minor rewordings + formatting fixes.
st.4
Alain Portal / mtk
Many formatting fixes.
mtk
Place ERRORS in alphabetical order.
vcs.4
Samuel Thibault
Document VT_GETHIFONTMASK (new in 2.6.18) and add to example program;
attribute/text characters are in the host byte order.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=456437
mtk
Minor edits.
bootparam.7
Alain PORTAL
Formatting fixes.
inotify.7
mtk
Minor heading changes and reformattings.
man-pages.7
mtk
Note that code segments, structure definitions, shell session
logs, should be indented by 4 spaces.
spufs.7
Jeremy Kerr
Add a little information about the differences to mbox.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.75 ====================
Released: 2008-01-08
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Andreas Henriksson <andreas@fatal.se>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Justin Pryzby <jpryzby+d@quoinic.com>
Phil Endecott <spam_from_debian_bugs_4@chezphil.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
Timo Sirainen <tss@iki.fi>
Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
(Grammatical) hyphenation was fixed in many places.
epoll_wait.2
mbind.2
spu_run.2
ecvt.3
fmtmsg.3
getnameinfo.3
rtc.4
proc.5
charsets.7
ip.7
ipv6.7
raw.7
uri.7
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Fix incorrect usage of "a" and "an" before following vowel /
consonant, by reviewing the output of the following scripts:
for a in $(wc */*.? | awk '$1 > 10 {print $4}' | gv total); do
echo $a
MANWIDTH=4000 man -l $a 2>/dev/null |
egrep '(^| )an [^aeiou][a-z]'
done | less
for a in $(wc */*.? | awk '$1 > 10 {print $4}' | gv total); do
echo $a
MANWIDTH=4000 man -l $a 2>/dev/null |
egrep '(^| )a [aeiou][a-z]'
done| less
err.3
fts.3
queue.3
rcmd.3
rexec.3
stdin.3
elf.5
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Improve macros used in 2.71 to convert from "mdoc" to "man".
_exit.2
chroot.2
getgid.2
getpid.2
getrusage.2
getsid.2
gettid.2
getuid.2
iopl.2
kill.2
personality.2
pivot_root.2
ptrace.2
sched_setparam.2
sched_setscheduler.2
sched_yield.2
seteuid.2
setgid.2
setpgid.2
setresuid.2
setreuid.2
setuid.2
unlink.2
wait.2
openpty.3
raise.3
setlogmask.3
sleep.3
ttyslot.3
ulimit.3
tty.4
tty_ioctl.4
path_resolution.7
mtk
s/current process/calling process/
cacheflush.2
clone.2
fcntl.2
getitimer.2
getrlimit.2
mmap.2
mprotect.2
times.2
adjtime.3
byteorder.3
inet.3
offsetof.3
rtc.4
icmp.7
pipe.7
time.7
mtk
s/x86/i386/ since that is the name used in 'arch' directories
in the kernel source, and previously both i386 and x86 were both
used in man pages; also nowadays 'x86' is somewhat ambiguous,
since it is the name of the 'arch' directory for i386 and x86-64.
conj.3
cacos.3
cacosh.3
cabs.3
carg.3
casin.3
casinh.3
catan.3
catanh.3
ccos.3
ccosh.3
cexp.3
cimag.3
clog.3
cosh.3
creal.3
csin.3
csinh.3
ctan.3
ctanh.3
sinh.3
tanh.3
mtk
Various reformattings.
Various pages
Alain Portal
Formatting fixes.
mlock.2
mprotect.2
mpool.3
offsetof.3
Alain Portal
Format SYNOPSIS in a manner consistent with other pages.
Various pages
mtk / Alain Portal
Format casts so that there is a non-breaking space after the
type, and remove unnecessary parentheses around the casted value.
Thus, for example, the following:
.IR "(size_t) (\-1)" .
becomes:
.IR "(size_t)\ \-1" .
Various pages
mtk / Alain Portal
Replace "-" by "\-" where a real dash is required.
Various pages
mtk
Make the formatting of instances of '*varname' consistent, changing
instances such as:
.RI * varname
to:
.I *varname
pciconfig_read.2
nfsservctl.2
bstring.3
cpow.3
getipnodebyname.3
getpwnam.3
getrpcent.3
lsearch.3
malloc_hook.3
mpool.3
stdin.3
strtol.3
strtoul.3
unlocked_stdio.3
regex.3
sd.4
resolv.conf.5
utmp.5
futex.7
mtk
Format SYNOPSIS consistently.
drand48.3
drand48_r.3
flockfile.3
erf.3
sigvec.3
timeradd.3
wprintf.3
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Standardize sentence used under "Feature Test Macro Requirements"
when referring to all functions shown in the SYNOPSIS.
get_kernel_syms.2
getdents.2
getitimer.2
nanosleep.2
query_module.2
statvfs.2
clock_getres.3
getaddrinfo.3
getgrent.3
getipnodebyname.3
console_ioctl.4
tty_ioctl.4
rtnetlink.7
mtk
Indent structure definitions by +4n.
recv.2
btree.3
dbopen.3
ether_aton.3
fts.3
hash.3
mpool.3
profil.3
rcmd.3
recno.3
rpc.3
xdr.3
console_ioctl.4
ddp.7
ip.7
ipv6.7
svipc.7
mtk
Use C99 standard types in declarations.
s/u_long/unsigned long/
s/ulong/unsigned long/
s/u_char/unsigned char/
s/u_short/unsigned short/
s/ushort/unsigned short/
s/u_int8_t/uint8_t/
s/u_int16_t/uint16_t/
s/u_int32_t/uint32_t/
s/u_int/unsigned int/
exit_group.2
fallocate.2
getdents.2
ioctl_list.2
nfsservctl.2
sched_setaffinity.2
set_tid_address.2
ustat.2
argz_add.3
confstr.3
envz_add.3
getline.3
getpwnam.3
gets.3
getw.3
inet_ntop.3
inet_pton.3
offsetof.3
console_ioctl.4
termcap.5
ascii.7
feature_test_macros.7
netlink.7
operator.7
svipc.7
mtk
Fix unbalanced .nf/.fi pairs.
chmod.2
getxattr.2
listxattr.2
lseek.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
stat.2
feature_test_macros.7
fpathconf.3
fopen.3
mtk
Rename argument: s/file*des/fd/ , since that is the name most
commonly used on man pages for a file descriptor argument.
bindresvport.3
des_crypt.3
getopt.3
getrpcent.3
realpath.3
rpc.3
xdr.3
mtk
Removed .SM macros.
madvise.2
getdirentries.3
printf.3
sigvec.3
mtk
Remove extraneous .br macro before/after .SH/.SS.
_syscall.2
lookup_dcookie.2
aio_cancel.3
aio_error.3
aio_fsync.3
aio_read.3
aio_return.3
aio_write.3
canonicalize_file_name.3
envz_add.3
getgrouplist.3
getttyent.3
key_setsecret.3
mtrace.3
tcgetpgrp.3
tcgetsid.3
ttyslot.3
tty_ioctl.4
mtk
Remove extraneous .sp macros.
fcntl.2
outb.2
send.2
syscalls.2
getopt.3
proc.5
man-pages.7
standards.7
tcp.7
mtk
Remove/replace extraneous .sp macros.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
_syscall.2
mtk
Nowadays there are seven macros (see 2.74 change log also).
arch_prctl.2
mtk, Acked by Andi Kleen
Clarify interpretation of 'addr'; plus a few other minor edits
and updates.
bind.2
mtk
Minor rewrites.
close.2
mtk
Clarify relationship between file descriptor and open file
description.
connect.2
mtk, Acked by Andi Kleen
Since kernel 2.2, AF_UNSPEC for unconnecting a connected
socket *is* supported.
execve.2
Alain Portal
Minor rewordings.
futimesat.2
Alain Portal
Remove duplicate "#include <fcntl.h>" from SYNOPSIS.
getgid.2
mtk
Add getresgid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO.
getpagesize.2
mtk
Small rewording.
getresuid.2
mtk
Rewrote various parts.
getuid.2
mtk
Add getresuid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO.
ioctl_list.2
Alain Portal
Use proper tables for layout, and various formatting fixes.
mtk
Various formatting fixes.
listen.2
mtk
Rewrote various parts.
mbind.2
Andi Kleen / mtk / Alain Portal
Modify explanation of EINVAL 'maxnode' error.
mmap.2
mtk
Add comma to clarify meaning of a sentence.
open.2
mtk
Clarify initial description of O_EXCL.
Clarify description of behaviors of O_CREAT | O_EXCL
for symbolic links.
Clarify text describing use of lockfiles without O_EXCL.
mtk, with input from Timo Sirainen and Trond Myklebust
O_EXCL is supported on NFSv3 and later, with Linux 2.6 and later.
pipe.2
mtk
Rename 'filedes' argument 'pipefd'.
pivot_root.2
mtk
s/cwd/current working directory/
seteuid.2
mtk
Minor changes.
setpgid.2
mtk
Add credentials(7) to SEE ALSO, and updated copyright credits,
to reflect my rewrite of a few months ago.
setsid.2
mtk
Add getsid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO.
spu_create.2
Alain Portal / mtk; acked by Jeremy Kerr
Minor formatting/wording changes.
mtk
Put EPERM in right alphabetical position in ERRORS list.
argz_add.3
mtk
Formatting fixes.
atexit.3
mtk
Minor changes to example program.
cerf.3
mtk
These functions are still not present as at glibc 2.7.
dbopen.3
Alain Portal / mtk
Various minor spelling and formatting fixes.
envz_add.3
mtk
Formatting fixes.
fexecve.3
mtk
Fix placement of feature test macro in SYNOPSIS.
fmax.3
fmin.3
mtk
Small rewording.
getline.3
mtk
Minor changes to example program.
getrpcent.3
getrpcport.3
mtk
Use modern C prototypes in SYNOPSIS.
getutent.3
Alain Portal / mtk
Formatting fixes.
mbsnrtowcs.3
mbsrtowcs.3
mbstowcs.3
mtk
Use .IP tags to create properly formatted lists.
rpc.3
mtk
Convert function declarations to use modern C prototypes.
Add text and start of page describing header files
and types required by functions.
Reformat discussion of request under clnt_control().
xdr.3
mtk
Convert function declarations to use modern C prototypes.
Remove crufty "int empty" from xdrrec_eof() description.
console_codes.4
Phil Endecott
Relocate misplaced line:
"and if LF/NL (new line mode) is set also a carriage return;"
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=458338.
console_ioctl.4
mtk
Formatting fixes.
bootparam.7
mtk, after a note by Alan Portal
Fix reference to kernel documentation source file in the
"The Sound Driver" subsection.
man-pages.7
Alain Portal
Move CONFIGURATION description after SYNOPSIS description.
mtk / Alain Portal
Note that header files should be surrounded by angle brackets (<>).
posixoptions.7
mtk
Minor formatting and wording fixes.
rtnetlink.7
Andreas Henriksson
Fix description of RTM_F_EQUALIZE.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=458325.
signal.7
mtk
Minor formatting and wording fixes.
socket.7
mtk
Small rewording of discussion of O_ASYNC.
spufs.7
mtk / Jeremy Kerr / Alain Portal
s/SPE/SPU/
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.76 ====================
Released: 2008-01-14
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon <carenas@sajinet.com.pe>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
longjmp.3
printf.3
scanf.3
setbuf.3
setjmp.3
sk98lin.4
environ.7
mtk
Rework/remove use of ".ad" macros.
ioctl_list.2
mlock.2
mprotect.2
mremap.2
syslog.2
cfree.3
mpool.3
offsetof.3
rpc.3
stdin.3
mtk
Fix unbalanced quotes in formatting macros.
ftok.3
mtk
s/i-node/inode/, for consistency with other pages and POSIX.1-2001.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
chown.2
mtk
Minor wording change.
dup.2
mtk
Reordered text in DESCRIPTION and added some details for dup2().
open.2
Trond Myklebust / mtk
Minor fix to O_EXCL changes in previous release.
gettid.2
mtk
Rewrote DESCRIPTION; noted that thread ID is not the same
thing as a POSIX thread ID.
pipe.2
mtk
Rewrote DESCRIPTION; minor additions to EXAMPLE text.
umask.2
mtk
A few rewrites and additions.
strptime.3
Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon / mtk
Add "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE" to example program.
initrd.4
mtk
Use quotes more consistently in formatting macros.
random.4
mtk, after a report by Daniel Kahn Gilmor
Add 2.6 details for /proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=459232.
pthreads.7
mtk
Minor changes.
spufs.7
mtk / Jeremy Kerr
Define abbreviation "MSS".
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.77 ====================
Released: 2008-01-31
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Phil Endecott <phil_vonar_endecott@chezphil.org>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org>
WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
stdarg.3
bootparam.7
Thomas Huriaux
Fix broken use of single quotes at start of line,
as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=462636
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
New pages
---------
remove_COLOPHON.sh
mtk
Script to remove the COLOPHON section from the man pages provided
as command-line arguments. This is useful to remove the COLOPHON
sections from all of the man pages in two different release trees
in order to do a "diff -ruN" to see the "real" differences
between the trees.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fcntl.2
mtk
Replace tables with .TP macros.
fork.2
mtk
Added discussion of directory streams.
Removed "#include <sys/types>" from SYNOPSIS.
Changed authorship notice.
futex.2
mtk
Add ENOSYS error to errors.
Phil Endecott
Explicitly describe return value in the event of an error.
inotify_add_watch.2
mtk
Minor wording changes.
splice.2
WANG Cong
Fix types for 2 and 4 arguments in splice prototype.
wait.2
Phil Endecott
Clarify description of return value for WNOHANG.
tkill.2
mtk
Rewrote DESCRIPTION; emphasized that tkill() is obsoleted by
tgkill().
alloca.3
mtk
Change description in NAME section.
Various rewrites and additions (including notes on longjmp() and
SIGSEGV).
mtk / Vincent Lefevre
Weaken warning against use of alloca(), and
point out some cases where it can be useful;
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=461100.
bootparam.7
Pavel Heimlich
Remove junk line.
inotify.7
mtk
Replace tables with .TP macros.
s/MultiSource Synchronization/MultiSource Synchronization (MSS)/
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.78 ====================
Released: 2008-02-15
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Greg Banks <gnb@melbourne.sgi.com>
Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Phil Endecott <phil_vonar_endecott@chezphil.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
sigaction.2
signal.2
sigwaitinfo.2
signal.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO entry referring to new signalfd.2 page.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
New pages
---------
eventfd.2
mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi
Documents the eventfd() system call, new in 2.6.22.
signalfd.2
mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi
Documents the signalfd() system call, new in 2.6.22.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
futex.2
mtk / Phil Endecott
Improve wording describing error returns.
open.2
Greg Banks
Greatly expand the detail on O_DIRECT.
reboot.2
mtk / Michael Tokarev
Fix RETURN VALUE description: in some cases reboot() does not
return.
mtk
Rename the 'flag' argument to 'cmd', since that is more meaningful,
and also what is used in the kernel source.
Other minor wording changes.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.79 ====================
Released: 2008-03-07
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz>
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao <fernando@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Heikki Orsila <shdl@zakalwe.fi>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Lasse Kärkkäinen <tronic@trn.iki.fi>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Ron Burk <ronburk@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Walter Harms <WHarms@bfs.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
New pages
---------
timerfd_create.2
mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi
Documents the timerfd_create(), timerfd_settime(), and
timerfd_gettime() system calls, which are new in 2.6.25.
New links
---------
timerfd_gettime.2
timerfd_settime.2
mtk
Links to new timerfd_create.2 page.
eventfd_read.3
eventfd_write.3
mtk
Links to eventfd.2.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
Makefile
aeb
Remove code relating to man1/README, which no longer exists.
execve.2
mtk
Clarify detail of RLIMIT_STACK/4 limit for argv+environ.
getitimer.2
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to timerfd_create.2.
getrusage.2
mtk
Minor rewordings.
open.2
Michael Haardt
Move discussion of 'mode' argument under description of O_CREAT.
signalfd.2
mtk
Fix type for 'ssi_ptr' field.
See http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2008-01/msg00002.html.
syscalls.2
mtk
Add timerfd_create(), timerfd_settime(), and timerfd_gettime()
to list.
syslog.2
Jeremy Kerr
Add info on command type 10.
Add details on types 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Minor grammar fix.
mtk
Update LOG_BUF_LEN details.
Update RETURN VALUE section.
Notes capability requirements under EPERM error.
Minor fix to description of type==3 and type==4.
Other minor edits.
ctime.3
Walter Harms
Note that POSIX requires localtime() to act as though tzset()
was called, but localtime_r() does not have the same requirement.
See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/2034/
getaddrinfo.3
mtk
Clarify discussion of NULL 'hints' argument; other minor rewrites.
mtk / Sam Varshavchik
Remove some duplicated text.
malloc.3
Lasse Kärkkäinen / Mike Frysinger / mtk
Clarify description of realloc() behavior for
((size == 0) && (ptr != NULL)).
posix_fallocate.3
Samuel Thibault
s/stdlib.h/fcntl.h/ in SYNOPSIS.
proc.5
Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao
Update /proc/[number]/cmdline description.
It used to be true that the command line arguments were
not accessible when the process had been swapped out.
In ancient kernels (circa 2.0.*) the problem was that the
kernel relied on get_phys_addr to access the user space buffer,
which stopped working as soon as the process was swapped out.
Recent kernels use get_user_pages for the same purpose and thus
they should not have that limitation.
epoll.7
Davide Libenzi / mtk
Clarify the somewhat unintuitive behavior that occurs if a file
descriptor in an epoll set is closed while other file descriptors
referring to the same underlying open file description remain
open.
See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/596462/.
mtk
Clarify error that occurs if we add an epoll fd to its own set.
mtk
A few minor rewordings.
mtk, after a note by Chris Heath
Rework Q1/A1, describing what happens when adding the same
file descriptor twice to an epoll set, and when adding duplicate
file descriptors to the same epoll set.
Heikki Orsila / mtk / Davide Libenzi
Clarify Q9/A9 to discuss packet/token-oriented files.
mtk, after comments by Davide Libenzi and Chris Heath
Added Q0/A0, making explicit that the key for items in an epoll
set is [file descriptor, open file description].
mtk, after a note by Ron Burk
Change A3, to note that when events are available,
the epoll file descriptor will indicate as being readable.
mtk
Add some further explanation to Q5/A5 about why an epoll file
descriptor cannot be passed across a Unix domain socket.
posixoptions.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO entry for standards(7).
regex.7
mtk
Add grep(1) to SEE ALSO.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=348552.
standards.7
mtk
Add SEE ALSO entry for posixoptions(7).
time.7
mtk
Added SEE ALSO entry referring to timerfd_create.2.
==================== Changes in man-pages-2.80 ====================
Released: 2008-06-05
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Anoop <acv@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Aurelien Gerome <ag@roxor.cx>
Daniel Burr <dburr@topcon.com>
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Felix Kater <fkater@googlemail.com>
Folkert van Heusden <folkert@vanheusden.com>
Hamaji Shinichiro <shinichiro.hamaji@gmail.com>
Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.fi>
Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Karsten Weiss <K.Weiss@science-computing.de>
Martin Pitt <mpitt@debian.org>
Marty Leisner <leisner@rochester.rr.com>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@trialog.com>
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Stuart Brady <sdbrady@ntlworld.com>
Theodoros V. Kalamatianos <thkala@softlab.ece.ntua.gr>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
Tim Stoakes <tim@stoakes.net>
Timothy Baldwin <T.E.Baldwin99@members.leeds.ac.uk>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
bdflush.2
inotify_add_watch.2
mprotect.2
sigprocmask.2
ctime.3
getusershell.3
setbuf.3
st.4
ip.7
packet.7
mtk
Replace "(il)legal" by "(not) permitted" or "(in)valid".
read.2
utime.2
filesystems.5
packet.7
mtk
s/time stamp/timestamp/, for consistency with majority use
in other pages, and in POSIX.1.
madvise.2
mbind.2
mincore.2
mmap.2
mmap2.2
msync.2
remap_file_pages.2
mtk
Change name of 'start' argument to 'addr' for consistency
with:
* other memory-related interfaces
* POSIX specification (for those interfaces in POSIX)
* Linux and glibc source code (in at least some cases)
Various pages
mtk
s/filesystem/file system/, for consistency with majority use
in other pages, and in POSIX.1.
Various pages
mtk
s/zeroes/zeros/, for consistency with majority use
in other pages, and in POSIX.1.
abs.3
proc.5
mtk
s/builtin/built-in/, for consistency with majority use
in other pages, and in POSIX.1.
mknod.2
ftw.3
mtk
s/normal file/regular file/
Various pages
mtk
s/nonempty/non-empty/
Various pages
mtk
s/nonzero/non-zero/
Various pages
mtk
s/realtime/real-time/, for consistency with majority usage.
Various pages
mtk
s/command line/command-line/ when used attributively.
Various pages
mtk
Use "run time" when non-attributive, "run-time" when attributive.
Various pages
mtk
Various pages that I wrote carried a slightly modified version
of the "verbatim" license. In the interests of minimizing
license proliferation, I've reverted the modified form
so that the license is exactly the same as on other pages
carrying the verbatim license.
epoll_ctl.2
getitimer.2
getrlimit.2
unix.7
mtk
s/since kernel x.y.z/since Linux x.y.z/
wait.2
inotify.7
mtk
Reformat kernel version information for flags.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
(Special thanks to Nicolas François.)
New pages
---------
random_r.3
mtk, after a suggestion by aeb
Documents random_r(3), srandom_r(3), initstate_r(3), and
setstate_r(3), which are the reentrant equivalents of
random(3), srandom(3), initstate(3), and setstate(3).
New links
---------
lutimes.3
mtk
Link to futimes.3.
initstate_r.3
setstate_r.3
srandom_r.3
mtk
Links to random_r.3.
daylight.3
timezone.3
tzname.3
mtk
Links to tzset.3.
isnanf.3
isnanl.3
mtk
Links to finite.3.
encrypt_r.3
setkey_r.3
mtk
Links to encrypt.3.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
mtk
Added note that CLONE_STOPPED (which no-one uses anyway) is
now deprecated.
epoll_create.2
mtk
Add NOTES section pointing out that 'size' argument is unused
since kernel 2.6.8.
epoll_ctl.2
mtk
Added portability note to BUGS text for EPOLL_CTL_DEL.
epoll_wait.2
mtk
If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then epoll_pwait() is equivalent
to epoll_wait().
fork.2
mtk
NOTES: since glibc 2.3.3, the glibc NPTL fork() wrapper
bypasses the fork() system call to invoke clone() with
flags providing equivalent functionality.
futex.2
mtk, after a note from Adrian Bunk
FUTEX_FD has been removed, as of kernel 2.6.26.
futimesat.2
mtk
Note that this system call is made obsolete by utimensat(2).
getgroups.2
Petter Reinholdtsen
SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3).
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284.
mtk
NGROUPS_MAX increased in kernel 2.6.4.
SEE ALSO: Add credentials(7).
mtk
Reformat DESCRIPTION and RETURN VALUE sections to be more
consistent with man-pages style.
Add some more detail to descriptions of system calls.
Clarified what happens if caller of getgroups() is a member of
more than 'size' supplementary groups.
ERRORS: Add ENOMEM.
getpriority.2
mtk, after a note from Ingo Molnar
Add text in NOTES about the punchier effect of nice values in
kernel 2.6.23 and later.
Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt to SEE ALSO list.
gettid.2
mtk
Added VERSIONS section noting that this system call first
appeared in 2.4.11.
kill.2
Marty Leisner / mtk
Add text explicitly noting that sig==0 can be used to check for
the existence of a PID or PGID.
mtk
A few minor rewordings.
mbind.2
mtk
The location of the numactl package has changed.
mmap.2
mtk
Added some .SS headings to make structure of page a little
more obvious.
mtk, with input from Nick Piggin
MAP_POPULATE supports both file and anonymous mappings.
Since 2.6.23, MAP_POPULATE supports private mappings.
Since 2.6.23, MAP_NONBLOCK causes MAP_POPULATE to be a no-op.
mtk
NOTES: Added details on mapping address that is selected by
kernel when MAP_FIXED is / isn't specified.
mount.2
mtk
The MS_REMOUNT changes in 2.4 were at 2.4.10 (not 2.4).
mtk
Minor wording change.
msgctl.2
mtk
Clarify that "unused" fields in msginfo structure are
"unused within the kernel".
msginfo.msgpool is measured in kilobytes, not bytes.
Minor rewordings in comments for msginfo structure.
msgop.2
mtk
Various minor rewordings and restructurings for clarity.
mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas
Remove "msgop" from NAME section.
mkdir.2
mtk
Clarify meaning of "BSD group semantics".
SEE ALSO: add chown(2).
mknod.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add chown(2) and chmod(2).
mmap.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add mprotect(2) and shmat(2).
mprotect.2
Hamaji Shinichiro
SYNOPSIS: s/size_t \*len/size_t len/
open.2
mtk
Note that O_CLOEXEC should be in the next POSIX.1 revision.
mtk
More than just ext2 supports "mount -o bsdgroups" nowadays,
so make the discussion about group ownership of new files a bit
more generic.
mtk
SEE ALSO: add chown(2) and chmod(2).
poll.2
mtk
If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then ppoll() is equivalent to poll()
with respect to signal mask manipulations.
posix_fadvise.2
mtk
s/posix_madvise (2)/posix_madvise (3)/;
(The referred-to page still doesn't exist yet, but hopefully
will do sometime soon.)
ptrace.2
Anoop, Acked by Roland McGrath.
Re PTRACE_PEEKUSER: the offsets and data returned might not
match with the definition of struct user.
See also http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375
recv.2
Felix Kater / mtk
Improve wording for EAGAIN error in discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT.
rmdir.2
Martin Pitt
POSIX.1 also allows EEXIST for the ENOTEMPTY error condition.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=467552.
sched_setscheduler.2
mtk, with input from Ingo Molnar
Add description of SCHED_IDLE policy (new in 2.6.23).
Tweak description of SCHED_BATCH.
Minor rewordings.
select_tut.2
Justin Pryzby
Various wording clean-ups.
semctl.2
mtk
Clarify that "unused" fields in seminfo structure are
"unused within the kernel".
Minor rewordings in comments for seminfo structure.
semop.2
Aurelien Gerome
Small fix in example code.
setpgid.2
mtk / Karsten Weiss
Clarify description of setpgid() a little.
shmctl.2
mtk
Clarify that "unused" fields in shminfo structure are
"unused within the kernel".
Minor rewordings in comments for shminfo structure.
shmop.2
mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas
Remove "shmop" from NAME section.
signalfd.2
mtk
Added BUGS text noting that before kernel 2.6.25, the ssi_int
and ssi_ptr fields are not set.
Added comments describing fields in signalfd_siginfo structure.
Update field names in example program (s/signo/ssi_signo/).
Various small fixes, and remove duplicated sentence.
Minor edits to structure definition.
sigqueue.2
mtk
Added some comments to code in NOTES.
stat.2
mtk
Minor wording change.
symlink.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add lchown(2).
sync_file_range.2
mtk / Andrew Morton
Remove statement that (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE |
SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE | SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER) is
a traditional fdatasync(2) operation.
See https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=421482
comments 129 to 131.
syscalls.2
mtk
This page is now up to date as at kernel 2.6.25.
syslog.2
mtk
Small tidy up of language relating to permissions/capabilities.
timerfd_create.2
mtk
Minor change to example program.
Minor wording change.
utime.2
Reuben Thomas
Remove unnecessary subheading for utimes().
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=477402.
mtk
Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls
always change *both* timestamps).
CONFORMING TO: utimes() is in POSIX.1-2001.
mtk
Rename 'buf' argument of utime() to 'times' (like utimes()).
Clarify explanation of EACCES and EPERM errors.
Remove BUGS section, since it doesn't seem to add useful
information.
Clarified discussion of capabilities, and noted that
CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE also has a role.
Other minor rewordings.
wait.2
mtk, after a note by Justin Pryzby
Add a sentence clarifying that even though the default disposition
of SIGCHLD is "ignore", explicitly setting the disposition to
SIG_IGN results in different treatment of zombies.
aio_cancel.3
aio_error.3
aio_fsync.3
aio_read.3
aio_return.3
aio_suspend.3
aio_write.3
Kevin O'Gorman <kogorman@csc.calpoly.edu>
Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS.
backtrace.3
Nicolas François
s/backtrace_symbols/backtrace_symbols_fd/ in one sentence.
mtk
Fix bogus reference to variable 'strings': should be:
"the array of pointers".
ctime.3
mtk
Add warning under NOTES that asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), and
localtime() may each overwrite the static object returned by any
of the other calls.
Other minor edits.
dlopen.3
mtk
Add more detail to the description of the fields in the
structure returned by dladdr().
fexecve.3
mtk
Clean up SYNOPSIS after work by cut-and-paste-Pete:
the necessary header file is <unistd.h> not <sys/time.h>!
futimes.3
mtk
Add documentation of lutimes(), which appeared in glibc 2.6.
mtk
Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls
always change *both* timestamps).
CONFORMING TO: futimes() did not come from 4.2BSD. (It came from
FreeBSD; see the FreeBSD man page.)
getenv.3
mtk
Noted that caller must not modify returned value string.
Noted that getenv() is not reentrant: the buffer may be statically
allocated and overwritten by later calls to getenv(), putenv(),
setenv(), or unsetenv().
Other minor rewrites.
getgrent.3
Petter Reinholdtsen
SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3).
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284.
gethostbyname.3
mtk
Add 'h_errno' to NAME list.
getopt.3
mtk
Add 'optarg', 'optind', 'opterr', and 'optopt' to NAME section.
Add subheading for getopt_long() and getopt_long_only()
description.
getpt.3
mtk
Point out that this function should be avoided in favor of
posix_openpt().
Add ERRORS section referring to open(2).
getsubopt.3
Daniel Burr
SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of valuep.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476672.
malloc.3
mtk
RETURN VALUE: Note circumstances in which successful malloc() and
calloc() can return NULL.
mq_open.3
mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner
Note that <fcntl.h> is needed for O_* constants and <sys/stat.h>
is needed for 'mode' constants.
opendir.3
mtk
Describe treatment of close-on-exec flag by opendir() and
fdopendir().
openpty.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: add ttyname(3).
raise.3
mtk / Timothy Baldwin
Clarify semantics of raise() when called from a multithreaded
program.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476484.
mtk
Rewrites and additions to various parts of the page.
rand.3
Tolga Dalman / aeb / mtk
Remove outdated warning in NOTES; encourage the use of
random(3) instead.
Folkert van Heusden
Clarify wording describing range of values returned by rand().
random.3
aeb / mtk / Tolga Dalman
Recommend use or random_r(3) for multithreaded applications
that need independent, reproducible sequences of random numbers.
Move references to "The Art of Computer Programming" and
"Numerical Recipes", formerly in rand(3), to this page.
Add drand48(93) to SEE ALSO list.
regex.3
Heikki Orsila
Clarify description of 'rm_eo' field.
sem_open.3
mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner
Note that <fcntl.h> is needed for O_* constants and <sys/stat.h> is
needed for 'mode' constants.
sem_post.3
mtk
Added pointer to example in sem_wait(3).
sem_close.3
sem_destroy.3
sem_getvalue.3
sem_init.3
sem_open.3
sem_post.3
sem_unlink.3
sem_wait.3
mtk, after a note from Marty Leisner
Add text to SYNOPSIS noting the need to link with "-lrt" or
"-pthread".
setenv.3
mtk
setenv() copies 'name' and 'value' (contrast with putenv()).
unsetenv() of a nonexistent variable does nothing and is
considered successful.
Noted that setenv() and unsetenv() need not be reentrant.
shm_open.3
mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner
Note that <fcntl.h> is needed for O_* constants and <sys/stat.h> is
needed for 'mode' constants.
undocumented.3
mtk
initstate_r(3), setkey_r(3), setstate_r(3) are now documented.
utmp.5
Nicolas François
Small rewording.
resolv.conf.5
Nicolas François
gethostname() is in Section 2, not section 3.
ascii.7
Stuart Brady
Fix rendering of ' (backtick) and apostrophe (') in tables
charsets.7
Nicolas François
s/unicode.com/unicode.org/
credentials.7
mtk
NOTES: Pthreads requires that all threads share the same UIDs and
GIDs. But the Linux kernel maintains separate UIDs and GIDs for
every thread. NPTL does some work to ensure that credential
changes by any thread are carried through to all POSIX threads in
a process.
mtk
sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) can be used to determine the number of
supplementary groups that a process may belong to.
Clarify that supplementary group IDs are specified in POSIX.1-2001.
epoll.7
mtk, after a note from Sam Varshavchik
For answer A2, change "not recommended" to "careful programming
may be required".
inotify.7
mtk
Document SIGIO feature (new in 2.6.25) for inotify file descriptors.
mtk
Note that select()/poll()/epoll_wait() indicate a ready inotify
file descriptor as readable.
mtk
Document IN_ATTRIB in a little more detail.
pthreads.7
Justin Pryzby
Grammar fix, plus fix typo in script.
mtk
Add list of thread-safe functions.
standards.7
mtk
Add a section on the upcoming POSIX revision.
ld.so.8
Justin Pryzby / mtk
Various wording improvements.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.00 ====================
Released: 2008-06-12, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Stuart Brady <sdbrady@ntlworld.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
The POSIX.1 man pages (sections 0p, 1p, 3p) have been moved out
of this package into the separate man-pages-posix package.
This made sense because those pages are seldom changed (only formatting
fixes, etc.) so that it was unnecessary to redistribute them with each
man-pages release.
console_codes.4
random.4
dir_colors.5
proc.5
glob.7
Stuart Brady
s/`/\`/ for backquotes used in command substitution, for
proper rendering in UTF-8.
Various pages
mtk, after a note from Stuart Brady
Using /'x'/ to denote a character (string) renders poorly in
UTF-8, where the two ' characters render as closing single
quotes. On the other hand, using /`x'/ renders nicely on UTF-8,
where proper opening and closing single quotes are produced by
groff(1), but looks ugly when rendered in ASCII. Using the
sequence /\\aqx\\aq/ produces a reasonable rendering ('\\aq'
is a vertical "apostrophe quote") in both UTF-8 and ASCII.
So that change is made in a number of pages.
See also http://www.cl.cal.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/quotes.html.
Various pages
mtk
Replace form /`string'/ by /"string"/, since the former renders
poorly in ASCII.
termios.3
console_codes.4
tty_ioctl.4
termcap.5
charsets.7
mtk
Control character names (^X) are written boldface, without
quotes.
printf.3
scanf.3
proc.5
glob.7
regex.7
mtk
Various edits to try and bring some consistency to the use of
quotes.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
tty_ioctl.4
mtk
Small rewordings in description of packet mode.
locale.7
mtk
Minor formatting fixes.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.01 ====================
Released: 2008-06-25, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.comm>
Andrew P <ap@zip.com.au>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ib.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Daniele Giacomini <appunti2@gmail.com>
Dorin Lazar <dorin.lazar@gmail.com>
George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Jason Englander <jason@englanders.cc>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Laurent Vivier <laurent.vivier@bull.net>
Masatake YAMOTO <yamoto@redhat.com>
Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
Stuart Cunningham <stuartc@rd.bbc.co.uk>
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
Yao Zhao <dragonlinux@gmail.com>
WANG Cong <wcong@critical-links.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
acct.5
mtk
A complete rewrite of this page, now with much more detail.
hostname.7
mtk
A description of hostname resolution. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2,
and lightly edited for man-pages style.
symlink.7
mtk
A description of symbolic links. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2, but
heavily edited for Linux details, improved readability, and
man-pages style.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
getrlimit.2
mtk / Peter Zijlstra
Add description of RLIMIT_RTTIME limit, new in 2.6.25.
mkstemp.3
mtk
Add description of mkostemp(), new in glibc 2.7.
core.5
mtk, after a note by Petr Gajdos; review by Neil Horman
Document core_pattern pipe syntax, which appeared in
kernel 2.6.19.
Add an example program demonstrating use of core_pattern
pipe syntax.
mtk
Document /proc/PID/coredump_filter, new in kernel 2.6.23.
Documentation was based on the text in
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt, plus testing, and
checking the kernel source.
proc.5
mtk
Document /proc/PID/oom_score, which was new in kernel 2.6.11.
This file displays the "badness" score of the process, which
provides the basis for OOM-killer decisions.
mtk
Document /proc/PID/oom_adj, which was new in kernel 2.6.11.
This file influences the oom_score of a process.
mtk
Document /proc/PID/limits, which was new in 2.6.24.
This file displays a process's resource limits.
mtk
Document /proc/PID/fdinfo/*, which was new in 2.6.22.
These files display info about each descriptor opened by the
process: the current file offset, and the file access mode +
file status flags as set in open() or fcntl(F_SETFL).
mtk
Document /proc/PID/mountinfo, which was new in 2.6.26.
This file displays information about mount points.
Closely based on text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
mtk
Document /proc/PID/mountstats, which was new in 2.6.17.
This file displays statistics about mount points.
mtk
Document /proc/PID/status.
Samuel Thibault / mtk, review by Laurent Vivier,
Christian Borntraeger, and Andrew P
Document guest (virtual CPU) time field in /proc/stat.
Document guest (virtual CPU) time fields in /proc/PID/stat.
New links
---------
mkostemp.3
mtk
Link to mkstemp.3.
getcwd.2
mtk
Link to getcwd.3, which describes several interfaces, among
them getcwd(), which is in fact a system call.
Global changes
--------------
sched_setaffinity.2
sched_setscheduler.2
set_mempolicy.2
mbind.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add cpuset(7).
chown.2
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
getxattr.2
link.2
linkat.2
listxattr.2
open.2
readlink.2
removexattr.2
rename.2
setxattr.2
stat.2
symlink.2
symlinkat.2
unlink.2
futimes.3
remove.3
path_resolution.7
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add symlink(7).
intro.1
time.1
fcntl.2
gethostbyname.3
ioctl_list.2
mtk
Wrap source lines so that new sentence starts on new line.
addseverity.3
backtrace.3
dlopen.3
fmtmsg.3
getnameinfo.3
getpt.3
grantpt.3
makecontext.3
ptsname.3
tcgetsid.3
unlockpt.3
wordexp.3
mtk
Added VERSIONS section.
msgctl.2
msgget.2
semget.2
semop.2
pciconfig_read.2
basename.3
cmsg.3
ftok.3
console_ioctl.4
tzfile.5
mq_overview.7
pty.7
mtk
For consistency, "fix" cases where argument of .B or .I was
on the following source line.
adjtimex.2
getrusage.2
io_getevents.2
poll.2
select.2
semop.2
sigwaitinfo.2
aio_suspend.3
clock_getres.3
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
sem_wait.3
proc.5
mtk
SEE ALSO: add time(7)
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
(Special thanks to Nicolas François and Alain Portal.)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
acct.2
mtk
Add a few more words to DESCRIPTION.
NOTES: Add pointer to acct(5).
alarm.2
Alain Portal
s/process/calling process/ so as to say that the alarm signal is
delivered to the calling process.
brk.2
Yao Zhao / mtk
Clarify discussion of return value of sbrk().
mtk
DESCRIPTION: Add some sentences giving an overview of these
interfaces.
Add note recommending use of malloc(3).
Change name of brk() argument to the simpler 'addr'.
Add "(void *)" cast to "-1" for error return of sbrk().
Removed some incorrect text about "brk(0)".
Note that SUSv2 specified the return value of sbrk().
Added a detail on the glibc brk() wrapper.
Remove discussions of old standards (C89 and POSIX.1-1990);
CONFORMING TO already discusses the situation with respect
to more recent standards.
chmod.2
mtk
Clarify description of chmod() and fchmod().
Add further detail on S_ISUID, S_ISGID, and S_ISVTX permissions.
Reformat list of permissions bits.
chown.2
mtk
Describe rules governing ownership of new files (bsdgroups
versus sysvgroups, and the effect of the parent directory's
set-group-ID permission bit).
chroot.2
Alain Portal
Clarify description a little.
s/changes the root directory/
changes the root directory of the calling process/
execve.2
mtk
Fix text that warns against use of NULL argv and envp.
Using a NULL envp does in fact seem to be portable (works
on Solaris and FreeBSD), but the Linux semantics for a NULL
argv certainly aren't consistent with other implementations.
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408.
getdents.2
mtk, after a note from George Spelvin
Document d_type field, present since kernel 2.6.4.
Other minor edits.
getitimer.2
mtk
Noted that POSIX.1 leaves interactions with alarm(), sleep(),
and usleep() unspecified.
Linux 2.6.16 removed the MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling on timer
values.
Other minor changes.
io_cancel.2
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_submit.2
mtk, after a note by Masatake YAMOTO and input from Jeff Moyer
Describe the unconventional error return provided by the
wrapper function in libaio (and contrast with behavior if
the system call is invoked via syscall(2)).
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/4445/
Alain Portal / mtk
Re-order ERRORS and SEE ALSO entries to be alphabetical.
io_getevents.2
Alain Portal
Small wording fix.
io_submit.2
Jeff Moyer
s/AIO request blocks/AIO control blocks/
mknod.2
mtk
Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a
(possibly dangling) symbolic link.
nanosleep.2
mtk, after a report from Stephane Chazelas
Remove crufty discussion of HZ, and replace with a pointer
to time(7).
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=485636
mtk, after some discussions with Bart Van Assche and Roman Zippel
NOTES: describe CLOCK_REALTIME versus CLOCK_NANOSLEEP
See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/696854/
"nanosleep() uses CLOCK_MONOTONIC, should be CLOCK_REALTIME?"
mtk
Replace mentions of "process' by "thread".
NOTES: describe case where clock_nanosleep() can be preferable.
Some minor rewrites.
open.2
mtk, after a note from Christoph Hellwig
NOTES: Note that access mode flags are not single bits,
and document the Linuxism "access mode 3".
See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/653123.
readdir.2
mtk
Minor wording fixes.
recv.2
Alain Portal
Add comment to 'ee_pad' field in structure definition.
sched_setscheduler.2
mtk
Add pointer to discussion of RLIMIT_RTTIME in getrlimit.2.
mtk, after a note by Andrew Clayton
Rewrote and restructured various parts of the page for greater
clarity.
mtk
Add more detail to the rules that are applied when an
unprivileged process with a non-zero RLIMIT_RTPRIO limit
changes policy and priority.
SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt
sync_file_range.2
Pavel Machek
SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE can block on writes greater than request
queue size. For some background, see
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/687713/focus=688340
syscalls.2
mtk
Added system call history back to version 1.2.
Fix typo on kernel version for pivot_root().
syslog.2
WANG Cong
Document ENOSYS error, which can occur if kernel was built without
CONFIG_PRINTK.
utime.2
Nicolas François
Clarify description of 'times' array for utimes().
adjtime.3
mtk
The longstanding bug that if delta was NULL, olddelta
didn't return the outstanding clock adjustment, is now fixed
(since glibc 2.8 + kernel 2.6.26).
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug?id=2449
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761
dprintf.3
mtk
Note that these functions are included in the next POSIX revision.
Remove editorial discussion about what the functions should have
been named.
ftime.3
mtk
Rewrote various pieces, and added some details.
getaddrinfo.3
mtk
Improve description or 'hints' and 'res' arguments.
Add details on numeric strings that can be specified for 'node'.
Other fairly major restructurings and rewrites to improve
logical structure and clarity of the page.
SEE ALSO: Add hostname(7).
gethostbyname.3
mtk
DESCRIPTION: Add reference to inet_addr(3) for dotted notation.
SEE ALSO: add inet(3).
mtk
Added BUGS section noting that gethostbyname() does not
recognize hexadecimal components in dotted address strings;
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482973
getmntent.3
mtk, after Stuart Cunningham pointed out the typo
Remove statement that LSB deprecates the functions
"endmntent(), setmntent() [sic] and setmntent()".
This doesn't seem to be true (I can't find mention of it
being deprecated in any of the LSB specs). Rather, LSB simply
doesn't specify these functions. (LSB 1.3 had a spec of
setmntent(), but not getmntent() or endmntent(), and noted
that having a spec of setmntent() was of little use without
also having a spec of getmntent().)
See also https://lists.linux-foundation.org/pipermail/lsb-discuss/2006-October/003078.html
getnameinfo.3
Tolga Dalman
Remove mention of sa_len field from example code.
That field is a BSDism not present on Linux.
mtk
Various minor changes.
inet.3
mtk / Stephane Chazelas
inet_aton() is *not* in POSIX.1.
Rewrote discussion of why inet_addr() is disfavored.
SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3).
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482979.
mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas
Describe the various address forms supported by inet_aton().
mtk
Rewrite description of inet_network().
Clarify discussion of inet_lnaof(), inet_netof(), and inet_makeaddr().
Add discussion of Classful Addressing, noting that it is obsolete.
Added an EXAMPLE program.
mtk
Relocate discussion of i386 byte order to NOTES.
Note that inet_aton() returns an address in network byte order.
SEE ALSO: Add byteorder(3) and getnameinfo(3).
inet_ntop.3
mtk
Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS.
SEE ALSO: Add inet(3) and getnameinfo(3).
Make NAME line more precise.
Move errors to an ERRORS section.
Add EXAMPLE section pointing to inet_pton(3).
inet_pton.3
mtk / Stephane Chazelas
Remove statement that inet_pton() extends inet_ntoa();
that's not really true, since inet_pton() doesn't support
all of the string forms that are supported by inet_ntoa().
SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3).
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482987.
mtk
Describe IPv6 address formats.
Describe dotted decimal format in more detail.
Add an example program.
mtk
Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS.
Make NAME line more precise.
Make description of return value more precise.
SEE ALSO: Add inet(3).
mkfifo.3
mtk
Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a
(possibly dangling) symbolic link.
mkstemp.3
mtk
Fix discussion of O_EXCL flag.
These functions may also fail for any of the errors described
in open(2).
Various other rewordings.
readdir.3
mtk
Document DT_LNK (symbolic link) for d_type field.
Reorder DT_ entries alphabetically.
remainder.3
mtk
Recommend against drem(), in favor of remainder().
scanf.3
mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas
Add an ERRORS section documenting at least some of the errors
that may occur for scanf().
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254.
mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas; review by Stephane Chazelas
Document the GNU 'a' modifier for dynamically allocating strings.
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254.
Document the GNU 'm' modifier for dynamically allocating strings.
strcat.3
Andreas Herrmann
s/strcat/strncat/ (a typo that changed the semantics in
DESCRIPTION).
strerror.3
mtk, after a note from Daniele Giacomini
Modify SYNOPSIS to show prototypes of both versions of strerror_r(),
and make other small clarifications of the description regarding
the two versions.
random.4
George Spelvin (taking time out from his busy Broadway schedule),
with some tweaks by Matt Mackall and mtk
Add a Usage subsection that recommends most users to use
/dev/urandom, and emphasizes parsimonious usage of
/dev/random.
locale.5
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday.
proc.5
mtk
The various CPU time fields in /proc/stat and /proc/PID/stat
return time in clock ticks (USER_HZ, cputime_to_clock_t(),
sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)).
Updated, clarified and expanded the description several
fields in /proc/[number]/stat.
mtk
Clarified and expanded the description of /proc/[number]/fd.
mtk
Updated and clarified the description of /proc/[number]/statm.
mtk
Updated and clarified the description of /proc/sys/fs/dentry-state.
mtk
Many formatting, wording, and grammar fixes.
man-pages.7
mtk
Enhanced description of VERSIONS section.
mq_overview.7
mtk
Note that Linux does not currently support ACLs for POSIX
message queues.
sem_overview.7
mtk
Note that Linux supports ACLs on POSIX named semaphores
since 2.6.19.
time.7
mtk, with some suggestions from Bart Van Assche and Thomas Gleixner
Added some details about where jiffies come into play.
Added section on high-resolution timers.
Mentioned a few other time-related interfaces at various
points in the page.
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/697378.
unix.7
mtk, after a note by Samuel Thibault
Provide a clear description of the three types of address that
can appear in the sockaddr_un structure: pathname, unnamed,
and abstract.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.02 ====================
Released: 2008-07-02, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
clock_nanosleep.2
mtk
A description of the clock_nanosleep() system call,
which was added in kernel 2.6.
getgrouplist.3
mtk
A near complete rewrite, including additional information and
a new example program.
getutmp.3
mtk
Documents getutmp(3) and getutmpx(3).
gnu_get_libc_version.3
mtk
Documents gnu_get_libc_version(3) and gnu_get_libc_release(3).
sigwait.3
mtk
Documents sigwait(3).
shm_overview.7
mtk
An overview of the POSIX shared memory API.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
updwtmp.3
mtk
Document updwtmpx(3).
New links
---------
getutmpx.3
mtk
Link to getutmp.3.
gnu_get_libc_release.3
mtk
Link to gnu_get_libc_version.3
updwtmpx.3
mtk
Link to updwtmp.3
utmpxname.3
mtk
Link to getutent.3.
utmpx.5
mtk
Link to utmp.5.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
s/user name/username/
Various pages
mtk
s/host name/hostname/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fchmodat.2
Alain Portal
SEE ALSO: add symlink.7. (3.01 changelog wrongly said this
had been done.)
io_setup.2
Alain Portal
Remove superfluous text from RETURN VALUE.
mmap.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add mmap(2), shm_overview(7).
shmget.2
shmop.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7).
sigreturn.2
mtk
Added a bit more detail on what sigreturn() actually does.
signalfd.2
sigsuspend.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3).
sigwaitinfo.2
mtk
Describe behavior when multiple threads are blocked in
sigwaitinfo()/sigtimedwait().
SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3).
dirfd.3
mtk
RETURN VALUE: describe return value on success.
Add an ERRORS section documenting POSIX.1-specified errors.
getaddrinfo.3
mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas
getaddrinfo() supports specifying IPv6 scope-IDs.
getlogin.3
mtk
ERRORS: add ENOTTY.
SEE ALSO: add utmp(5).
getutent.3
WANG Cong
utmpname() does return a value.
mtk
Add paragraph to start of DESCRIPTION recommending
use of POSIX.1 "utmpx" functions.
CONFORMING TO: mention utmpxname().
Add an ERRORS section.
There are no utmpx equivalents of the _r reentrant functions.
Clarify discussion of return values.
Add pointer to definition of utmp structure in utmp(5).
Clarify discussion of utmpx file on other systems (versus
Linux situation).
getutent.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: add getutmp(3)
inet_pton.3
Stephane Chazelas
Fix error in description of IPv6 presentation format:
s/x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x/x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x/.
setbuf.3
Reuben Thomas / mtk
Fix confused wording for return value of setvbuf().
Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=488104.
mtk
Other minor rewordings.
shm_open.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7).
random.4
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Slight rewording to make life easier for non-native English
speakers.
utmp.5
mtk
Add discussion of POSIX.1 utmpx specification.
Provide a little more detail on fields of utmp structure.
Added comments to macros for ut_type field.
Correct the description of the ut_id field.
mtk
Consolidate duplicated information about ut_tv and ut_session
on biarch platforms.
mtk
Move some text from CONFORMING TO to NOTES.
Removed some crufty text.
SEE ALSO: add login(3), logout(3), logwtmp(3).
UT_LINESIZE is 32 (not 12).
mtk
SEE ALSO: add getutmp(3)
man-pages.7
mtk
Enhanced the discussion of font conventions.
signal.7
mtk
Note that the delivery order of multiple pending standard
signals is unspecified.
SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3).
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.03 ====================
Released: 2008-07-08, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
getcpu.2
Andi Kleen, with some text and edits by mtk
Documents the getcpu(2) system call, introduced in Linux 2.6.19.
sched_getcpu.3
mtk
Documents sched_getcpu(3), a wrapper for getcpu(2), provided
since glibc 2.6.
cpuset.7
Paul Jackson, with review and editing by mtk, and comments by
Hidetoshi Seto and Li Zefan
A description of the cpuset file system, the mechanism introduced
kernel 2.6.12 for confining processes to designated processors
and nodes. (Becomes the fourth largest page in man-pages!)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
readdir.3
mtk
Add documentation of readdir_r().
New links
---------
updwtmpx.3
Alain Portal
Link to updwtmp.3 (3.02 changelog wrongly said this had been done).
readdir_r.3
mtk
Link to readdir.3.
Global changes
--------------
get_mempolicy.2
mbind.2
sched_setaffinity.2
set_mempolicy.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add getcpu(2).
accept.2
close.2
connect.2
dup.2
epoll_wait.2
fcntl.2
flock.2
futex.2
msgop.2
poll.2
read.2
recv.2
select.2
semop.2
send.2
sigwaitinfo.2
spu_run.2
wait.2
write.2
aio_suspend.3
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
scanf.3
sem_wait.3
usleep.3
inotify.7
mtk
ERRORS: Added reference to signal(7) in discussion of EINTR.
Various pages
mtk
Wrapped very long source lines.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
mtk
Small wording change.
io_getevents.2
mtk
ERRORS: Add EINTR error.
open.2
mtk
ERRORS: Add EINTR error.
sigaction.2
mtk
Note circumstances in which each SA_* flag is meaningful.
mtk
Describe POSIX specification, and Linux semantics for
SA_NOCLDWAIT when establishing a handler for SIGCHLD.
mtk
Add pointer under SA_RESTART to new text in signal(7)
describing system call restarting.
mtk
Other minor edits.
truncate.2
mtk
ERRORS: Added EINTR error.
A few minor rewordings.
wait.2
mtk
Remove statement that WUNTRACED and WCONTINUED only have effect
if SA_NOCLDSTOP has not been set for SIGCHLD. That's not true.
errno.3
mtk
Add a pointer to signal(7) for further explanation of EINTR.
getgrouplist.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add passwd(5).
readdir.3
mtk
Remove <sys/types.h> from SYNOPSIS; POSIX.1-2001 does not
require it.
Some minor rewordings.
sleep.3
mtk
RETURN VALUE: explicitly mention interruption by signal handler.
SEE ALSO: add signal(7).
usleep.3
mtk
POSIX.1-2001 also only documents EINVAL.
group.5
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add getgrent(3), getgrnam(3).
passwd.5
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add getpwent(3), getpwnam(3).
proc.5
mtk
Add pointer to description of /proc/PID/cpuset in cpuset(7).
signal.7
mtk
Add a section describing system call restarting, and noting
which system calls are affected by SA_RESTART, and which
system calls are never restarted.
mtk
Describe the aberrant Linux behavior whereby a stop signal
plus SIGCONT can interrupt some system calls, even if no
signal handler has been established, and note the system
calls that behave this way.
mtk
Note a few more architectures on which signal numbers are valid.
SEE ALSO: added a number of pages.
mtk
Update async-signal-safe function list for POSIX.1-2004 (which
adds sockatmark()).
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.04 ====================
Released: 2008-07-15, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@cpushare.com>
Andreas Mohr <andi@lisas.de>
Andrew Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Erik Bosman <ejbosman@cs.vu.nl>
John Brooks <aspecialj@gmail.com>
Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Sripathi Kodi <sripathik@in.ibm.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Web site
--------
licenses.html
mtk
A page describing the preferred licenses for new pages that
are contributed to man-pages.
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
utimensat.2
mtk
New page documenting the utimensat() system call, new in 2.6.22,
and futimens() library function.
end.3
mtk
Documents etext, edata, and end symbols.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
memchr.3
mtk
Add description of rawmemchr().
proc.5
mtk
Document /proc/config.gz (new in kernel 2.6).
mtk, based on text from Documentation/vm/sysctl.txt
Document /proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task
(new in Linux 2.6.24).
Document /proc/sys/vm/oom_dump_tasks
(new in Linux 2.6.25).
Document /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom
(new in Linux 2.6.18).
New links
---------
edata.3
etext.3
mtk
Links to end.3.
futimens.3
mtk
Link to new utimensat.2.
getdate_err.3
mtk
Link to getdate.3.
h_errno.3
mtk
Link to gethostbyname.3.
optarg.3
opterr.3
optind.3
optopt.3
mtk
Links to getopt.3.
rawmemchr.3
mtk
Link to memchr.3.
sys_errlist.3
sys_nerr.3
mtk
Links to perror.3.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
s/parameter/argument/ when talking about the things given
to a function call, for consistency with majority usage.
Various pages
mtk
s/UNIX/Unix/, when not used as part of a trademark,
for consistency with majority usage in pages.
Various pages
mtk, after a note from Alain Portal
Put SEE ALSO entries into alphabetical order.
Various pages
mtk
Remove period at end of SEE ALSO list.
Various pages
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Even when the CONFORMING TO section is just a list of standards,
they should be terminated by a period.
getpriority.2
MB_LEN_MAX.3
MB_CUR_MAX.3
fwide.3
mblen.3
rtime.3
st.4
proc.5
bootparam.7
man-pages.7
utf-8.7
tcp.5
mtk / Alain Portal
Small wording fixes -- express <=, <, >=, > in words when in
running text.
sched_setparam.2
sched_setscheduler.2
getgrent_r.3
hash.3
mtk
Minor rewording w.r.t. use of the term "parameter".
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places. (Many, many thanks to Alain Portal!)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
Andrew Morgan
Update in line with addition of file capabilities and
64-bit capability sets in kernel 2.6.2[45].
clock_nanosleep.2
mtk
Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS.
getrusage.2
Sripathi Kodi
Document RUSAGE_THREAD, new in 2.6.26.
mtk
Improve description of RUSAGE_CHILDREN.
Add pointer to /proc/PID/stat in proc(5).
Other minor clean-ups.
ioprio_set.2
Nikanth Karthikesan
Since Linux 2.6.25, CAP_SYS_ADMIN is longer required to set
a low priority (IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE).
mount.2
mtk
Since Linux 2.6.26, MS_RDONLY honors bind mounts.
openat.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add utimensat(3).
prctl.2
Serge Hallyn, with some edits/input from mtk
Document PR_CAPBSET_READ and PR_CAPBSET_DROP.
Erik Bosman
Document PR_GET_TSC and PR_SET_TSC.
mtk, reviewed by Andrea Arcangeli
Document PR_SET_SECCOMP and PR_GET_SECCOMP.
mtk
PR_SET_KEEPCAPS and PR_GET_KEEPCAPS operate on a per-thread
setting, not a per-process setting.
mtk
Clarify fork(2) details for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG.
mtk
Add description of PR_SET_SECUREBITS and PR_GET_SECUREBITS,
as well as pointer to further info in capabilities(7).
mtk
PR_GET_ENDIAN returns endianness info in location pointed to by
arg2 (not as function result, as was implied by previous text).
mtk
Expand description of PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME.
mtk
RETURN VALUE: bring up to date for various options.
mtk
Various improvements in ERRORS.
mtk
Note that PR_SET_TIMING setting of PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP is not
currently implemented.
mtk
Minor changes:
* Clarify wording for PR_GET_UNALIGN, PR_GET_FPEMU, and
PR_GET_FPEXC.
* Some reformatting of kernel version information.
* Reorder PR_GET_ENDIAN and PR_SET_ENDIAN entries.
readlinkat.2
John Brooks / mtk
Fix and reword erroneous RETURN VALUE text.
recv.2
mtk
Noted which flags appeared in Linux 2.2.
sched_setaffinity.2
mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch
Update type used for cpusetsize argument in SYNOPSIS.
select.2
Andreas Mohr / mtk
Clarify "zero timeout" case.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=490868.
send.2
mtk
Noted which flags appeared in Linux 2.2.
sigaction.2
mtk
Document si_overrun and si_tid fields of siginfo structure.
Add some text for si_trapno field.
The si_errno field is *generally* unused.
mtk
Put descriptions of SA_* constants in alphabetical order.
signal.2
mtk
Rewrote and expanded portability discussion.
NOTES: Show the raw prototype of signal() (without use of
sighandler_t).
signalfd.2
mtk
Modify description of ssi_trapno field.
swapon.2
mtk
Fix two version number typos for MAX_SWAPFILES discussion:
s/2.6.10/2.4.10/
utime.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add utimensat(2), futimens(3).
dl_iterate_phdr.3
Alain Portal
SEE ALSO: Add elf(5).
crypt.3
mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch
Describe additional encryption algorithms.
See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
errno.3
mtk
Small rewrites in DESCRIPTION.
exec.3
mtk, after a note from Alain Portal
Small rewording.
exp10.3
Alain Portal
SEE ALSO: Add log10(3).
exp2.3
Alain Portal
Add C99 to CONFORMING TO.
fgetgrent.3
Alain Portal
Add references to group(5).
mtk
Minor rewordings.
SEE ALSO: add fopen(3).
fgetpwent.3
Alain Portal
Add reference to passwd(5).
mtk
Minor rewordings.
SEE ALSO: add fopen(3).
frexp.3
Alain Portal
Add C99 to CONFORMING TO.
futimes.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: remove futimesat(2); add utimensat(2).
getopt.3
mtk
Add details on initial value of optind, and note that it can
be reset (to 1) to restart scanning of an argument vector.
Add a NOTES section describing the glibc-specific behavior
when optind is reset to 0 (rather than 1).
See http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.programmer/browse_thread/thread/be0d0b7a07a165fb
mtk
Note glibc extensions under CONFORMING TO.
getspnam.3
mtk
Improve comments on struct spwd.
getpw.3
Alain Portal
RETURN VALUE: note that errno is set on error.
mtk
Add EINVAL error.
insque.3
mtk / Alain Portal
Minor rewordings.
log.3
Alain Portal
Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS.
log10.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add exp10(3).
offsetof.3
Alain Portal
Small wording improvement.
pow.3
Alain Portal
Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS.
printf.3
mtk / Alain Portal
Many small formatting fixes.
proc.5
mtk
Remove redundant summary list of files in description of
/proc/sys/kernel.
Make kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops more precise.
Make kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max more precise.
Add Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt to SEE ALSO.
Other minor edits.
profil.3
mtk / Alain Portal
Small wording improvement.
rtime.3
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Clarify meaning of midnight on 1 Jan 1900/1970.
mtk
Remove netdate(1) and rdate(1) from SEE ALSO, since these pages
don't seem to exist on Linux systems.
scanf.3
Vincent Lefevre / mtk
Clarify treatment of initial white space by %% conversion
specification.
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435648.
mtk
Many small formatting fixes.
stdin.3
Alain Portal
Rename CONSIDERATIONS section to NOTES, and relocate
to appropriate place on page.
tmpfile.3
mtk, after a note by Alain Portal
Prepend "POSIX.1-2001 specifies that: " to the sentence stating
that tmpfile() may write to stdout. (AFAICS, glibc's tmpfile()
does not do this.)
ttyname.3
Alain Portal
Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS.
wcsdup.3
Alain Portal
Make wording more precise: the memory allocated by wcsdup(3)
*should* be freed with free(3).
wordexp.3
Alain Portal / mtk
Move example into proper EXAMPLE section.
tty_ioctl.4
mtk / Petr Gajdos
The features in the "Get and Set Window Size" subsection
require the inclusion of <sys/ioctl.h>.
capabilities.7
Serge Hallyn, plus a bit of work by mtk
Document file capabilities, per-process capability bounding set,
changed semantics for CAP_SETPCAP, and other changes in 2.6.2[45].
Add CAP_MAC_ADMIN, CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_SETFCAP.
Various smaller fixes.
mtk, plus review by Serge Hallyn and Andrew Morgan
Add text detailing how CAP_SETPCAP (theoretically) permits -- on
pre-2.6.25 kernels, and 2.6.25 and later kernels with file
capabilities disabled -- a thread to change the capability sets
of another thread.
Add section describing rules for programmatically adjusting
thread capability sets.
Add some words describing purpose of inheritable set.
Note existence of CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES config option.
Describe rationale for capability bounding set.
Document securebits flags (new in 2.6.26).
Remove obsolete BUGS section.
SEE ALSO: Add getcap(8), setcap(8), and various libcap pages.
mtk
Add text noting that if we set the effective flag for one
file capability, then we must also set the effective flag for all
other capabilities where the permitted or inheritable bit is set.
mtk
Since Linux 2.6.25, CAP_SYS_ADMIN is no longer required for
ioprio_set() to set IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE class.
mtk
Reword discussion of CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE to be file-system neutral.
man-pages.7
mtk
A list of standards in the CONFORMING TO list should be
terminated by a period.
The list of pages in a SEE ALSO list should not be
terminated by a period.
tcp.7
mtk
Correct a detail for sysctl_tcp_adv_win_scale.
Formatting fixes.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.05 ====================
Released: 2008-07-23, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
Franck Jousseaume <franck.jousseaume@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Uli Schlacter <psychon@znc.in>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
matherr.3
mtk, with review by Andries Brouwer
A description of the SVID-specified mechanism for reporting
math exceptions.
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/266.
math_error.7
mtk, with review and suggested input from Andries Brouwer
A description of how math functions report errors.
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/249.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
s/floating point/floating-point/ when used attributively.
Various pages
mtk
For consistency with majority usage:
s/plus infinity/positive infinity/
s/minus infinity/negative infinity/
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
brk.2
mtk
SEE ALSO: add end(3).
open.2
Brian M. Carlson / mtk
Remove ambiguity in description of support for O_EXCL on NFS.
As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=491791.
prctl.2
mtk
Place options in some semblance of alphabetical order.
(No content or formatting changes were made.)
cerf.3
mtk
Bump version number: these functions are still missing in
glibc 2.8.
fenv.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7).
INFINITY.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7).
nan.3
mtk
Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece in SYNOPSIS.
SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7).
rpc.3
mtk / Franck Jousseaume
Fix errors introduced into a few prototypes when converting
function declarations to use modern C prototypes in man-pages-2.75.
ipv6.7
mtk, after a report from Uli Schlacter
Document the IPV6_V6ONLY flag.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.06 ====================
Released: 2008-08-05, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andreas Jaeger <aj@novell.com>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
Gernot Tenchio <g.tenchio@telco-tech.de>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
erfc.3
mtk
Created after removing the erfc() material from erf.3.
Documents the complementary error function.
y0.3
mtk
Created after removing the y*() material from j0.3.
Documents the Bessel functions of the second kind.
Included ERRORS section; noted that an exception is not
raised on underflow, see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6806;
and errno is not set on overflow, see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6808;
Included BUGS section noting that errno is incorrectly
set for pole error; see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6807.
scalbln.3
mtk
Created after removing the scalbln*() and scalbn*() material
from scalb.3. Documents scalbln() and scalbn() functions.
Included ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803.
New and changed links
---------------------
erfcf.3
erfcl.3
mtk
Changed these links to point to new erfc.3 page.
scalblnf.3
scalblnl.3
scalbn.3
scalbnf.3
scalbnl.3
mtk
Changed these links to point to new scalbln.3 page.
y0f.3
y0l.3
y1.3
y1f.3
y1l.3
yn.3
ynf.3
ynl.3
mtk
Changed these links to point to new y0.3 page.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
s/floating point/floating-point/ when used attributively.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
crypt.3
mtk
Tweak discuss text describing support for Blowfish.
ctime.3
mtk / Gernot Tenchio
Added some words to make clear that the string returned by
ctime() and asctime() is null-terminated.
math_error.7
Sam Varshavchik
Reverse order of SYNOPSIS and NAME sections.
mtk
NOTES: Summarize the state of glibc support for exceptions
and errno for error reporting.
Changes to individual pages (math functions)
--------------------------------------------
Almost all of the changes in this release relate to math man pages.
Very many changes were made to the math pages, including:
* Fixed feature test macros (FTMs). Often, the FTM requirements
for the "float" and "long double" versions of a math function are
different from the requirements for the "double" version. Each math
page now shows the correct FTM requirements for all three versions
of the function(s) it describes. This may have required either
a change to the existing FTM text (if the requirements for the
"double" function were already described), or the addition of an FTM
description to a SYNOPSIS where one was not previously present
(typically because the "double" version of the function does not
require any FTMs to be defined).
* CONFORMING TO: in many cases, POSIX.1-2001 was not mentioned.
Where a function is specified in POSIX.1-2001, this is now noted.
Also, statements about what other standards a function conforms to
were generally clarified. (The wording about which functions conformed
to C99 was previously often done as an add on sentence; now it is made
part of the first sentence of the CONFORMING TO section, along with
POSIX.1-2001.)
* RETURN VALUE: in many cases, pages lacked descriptions of the return
value when the function arguments are special values such as +0, -0,
NaN (not-a-number), +infinity, -infinity, etc. This has been fixed.
I carried out tests on glibc 2.8 to ensure that all of these
functions match the RETURN VALUE descriptions (and the POSIX.1-2001
requirements).
* ERRORS: many pages lacked a clear (or indeed any) description of
how errno is set on error and what exception is raised for each error.
This has been fixed. The ERRORS sections are now generally headed up
as per the POSIX.1 way of doing things, describing Pole / Range /
Domain errors, as applicable.
I carried out tests on glibc 2.8 to ensure that all of these
functions match the ERRORS descriptions. Deviations from POSIX.1-2001
requirements have been filed as glibc bug reports, and noted in the
man pages. (The pages now describe the situation for ERRORS as at glibc
2.8; I may eventually try and extend the text with descriptions of
changes in older versions of glibc.)
NOTE: one point that has not been covered in any page is the
circumstances that generate inexact (FE_INEXACT) exceptions.
(The details for these exceptions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001,
and I haven't gone looking for the standards that describe the details.)
acos.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
acosh.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
asin.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
asinh.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Some rewording.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
atan.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Some rewording.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
atan2.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Some rewording.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
atanh.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM,
when it should be ERANGE instead; see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6759.
cbrt.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
ceil.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Enhanced.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
NOTES: Added some details.
copysign.3
mtk
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
cos.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Rewrote RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set:
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6780.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
cosh.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
erf.3
mtk
Removed the erfc() material (there is now a new erfc page).
Reason: the functions are logically separate; also their
return values differ, and it would have been confusing
to document them on the same page.
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6785.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
exp.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6786.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
exp10.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set for underflow;
see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787.
exp2.3
mtk
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
expm1.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set for overflow;
see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
Added BUGS section, describing bogus underflow exception for -large,
see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778;
and describing bogus invalid exception for certain +large,
see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814.
fabs.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fdim.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Some rewording.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6796.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fenv.3
mtk
Make style of writing exception names consistent with other
pages and POSIX.1-2001.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
finite.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
floor.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Enhanced.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fma.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: Some rewording.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6801.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fmax.3
fmin.3
mtk
NAME: Make description clearer
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections.
fmod.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fpclassify.3
mtk
Minor wording changes.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
SEE ALSO: Add signbit(3).
frexp.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added details to RETURN VALUE section.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
gamma.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added (null) RETURN VALUE section referring to tgamma(3).
Added (null) ERRORS section referring to tgamma(3).
CONFORMING TO: Rewrote.
hypot.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: note that calculation is done without causing
undue overflow or underflow.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6795.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
ilogb.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Rewrote RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set, and in some
cases an exception is not raised; see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6794.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
isgreater.3
mtk
NAME: Make description clearer
Improve the description of isunordered().
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections.
Formatting fixes.
A few wording improvements.
j0.3
mtk
Removed material for the y*() functions to a separate y0.3 page.
Reason: the return values and errors/exceptions differ, and it
would have been confusing to document them on the same page.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6805.
ldexp.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
lgamma.3
mtk
Note that these functions are deprecated.
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections referring to lgamma(3).
Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM,
when it should be ERANGE instead; see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6777.
log.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
log10.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
log1p.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6792.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
log2.3
mtk
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
logb.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: added a little detail; some rewordings.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6793.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
lrint.3
mtk
DESCRIPTION: some rewording.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6798.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
lround.3
mtk
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6797.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
modf.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
nan.3
mtk
Small wording changes.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
nextafter.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6799.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
pow.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM,
when it should be ERANGE instead; see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6776.
remainder.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: added some details.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
Added BUGS section noting that remainder(nan(""), 0)
wrongly causes a domain error; see
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
remquo.3
mtk
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6801.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fmax.3
fmin.3
mtk
NAME: Make description clearer
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections.
fmod.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
fpclassify.3
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
rint.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: added some details.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
ERRORS: no errors can occur (previous text was misleading).
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
NOTES: point out that lrint() may be preferred in some cases.
round.3
mtk
DESCRIPTION: added some details.
RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases.
ERRORS: no errors can occur (previous text was misleading).
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
NOTES: point out that lround() may be preferred in some cases.
scalb.3
mtk
Removed the scalbn() and scalbln() material to a separate
scalbln.3 page. Reason: scalb() is obsolete; also the
exception/error conditions differ somewhat, so that it
would have been confusing to document them on the same page.
SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements.
DESCRIPTION: some rewrites and added details.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see
also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803
and http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6804.
CONFORMING TO: Rewrote.
signbit.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
sin.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set:
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6781.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
sincos.3
mtk
DESCRIPTION: Added details for special argument cases.
Added (null) RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section.
sinh.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
sqrt.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
tan.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added ERRORS section.
Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set:
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6782.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
tanh.3
mtk
SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements.
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Added (null) ERRORS section.
Updated CONFORMING TO.
tgamma.3
mtk
Added RETURN VALUE section.
Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set /
incorrectly set in some cases; see also
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6809
and http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
Added NOTES section to hold text explaining origin of tgamma().
trunc.3
mtk
RETURN VALUE: small rewording.
CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001.
Added NOTES section explaining that result may be too large
to store in an integer type.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.07 ====================
Released: 2008-08-12, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Fabian Kreutz <kreutz@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
Filippo Santovito <filippo.santovito@email.it>
Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
Heikki Orsila <shd@modeemi.cs.tut.fi>
Khalil GHORBAL <khalil.ghorbal@cea.fr>
Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Soh Kam Yung <sohkamyung@gmail.com>
Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
move_pages.2
Christoph Lameter, various edits and improvements by mtk
Documentation of the move_pages() system call.
This page was formerly part of the numactl package, but really
belongs in man-pages (since it describes a kernel interface).
clock_getcpuclockid.3
mtk
New page documenting the clock_getcpuclockid() library function,
available since glibc 2.2.
udplite.7
Gerrit Renker
Document the Linux implementation of the UDP-Lite protocol,
new in Linux 2.6.20.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
proc.5
Christoph Lameter, minor edits and improvements by mtk
Documentation of the /proc/PID/numa_maps file.
This material was formerly the numa_maps.5 page in the numactl
package, but really belongs in man-pages (since it describes
a kernel interface).
Global changes
--------------
nanosleep.2
inet_ntop.3
inet_pton.3
scanf.3
initrd.4
mtk
Fix mis-ordered (.SH) sections.
connect.2
socket.2
rtnetlink.3
arp.7
ddp.7
ip.7
ipv6.7
netlink.7
packet.7
raw.7
rtnetlink.7
socket.7
tcp.7
udp.7
unix.7
x25.7
mtk
s/PF_/AF_/ for socket family constants. Reasons: the AF_ and
PF_ constants have always had the same values; there never has
been a protocol family that had more than one address family,
and POSIX.1-2001 only specifies the AF_* constants.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
other places.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
execve.2
mtk
The floating-point environment is reset to the default
during an execve().
get_mempolicy.2
Lee Schermerhorn
Misc cleanup of get_mempolicy(2):
+ mention that any mode flags will be saved with mode.
I don't bother to document mode flags here because we
already have a pointer to set_mempolicy(2) for more info
on memory policy. mode flags are discussed there.
+ remove some old, obsolete [IMO] NOTES and 'roff comments.
Lee Schermerhorn
Update the get_mempolicy(2) man page to add in the description of
the MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED flag, added in 2.6.23.
mtk
Document additional EINVAL error that occurs is MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED
is specified with either MPOL_F_ADDR or MPOL_F_NODE.
getitimer.2
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks getitimer() and setitimer()
obsolete.
mbind.2
Lee Schermerhorn
Fix error conditions, now that the kernel silently ignores
nodes outside the task's cpuset, as long as one valid node
remains.
Now that cpuset man page exists, we can refer to it. Remove
stale comment regarding lack thereof.
Lee Schermerhorn
Add brief discussion of mode flags.
Lee Schermerhorn
Attempt to clarify discussion of MPOL_DEFAULT.
mtk
Fix URI reference for libnuma.
mprotect.2
mtk / Maxin John
Remove EFAULT from errors. Under ENOMEM error, note that
EFAULT was the error produced in some cases for kernels before
2.4.19.
msgctl.2
mtk, after a note from Filippo Santovito
In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were
incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/.
set_mempolicy.2
Lee Schermerhorn
Fix up the error return for nodemask containing nodes disallowed by
the process' current cpuset. Disallowed nodes are now silently ignored,
as long as the nodemask contains at least one node that is on-line,
allowed by the process' cpuset and has memory.
Now that we have a cpuset man page, we can refer to cpusets directly
in the man page text.
Lee Schermerhorn
Another attempt to rationalize description of MPOL_DEFAULT.
Since ~2.6.25, the system default memory policy is "local allocation".
MPOL_DEFAULT itself is a request to remove any non-default policy and
"fall back" to the surrounding context. Try to say that without delving
into implementation details.
Lee Schermerhorn
Add discussion of mempolicy mode flags to set_mempolicy(2).
This adds another reason for EINVAL.
setpgid.2
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks setpgrp() obsolete.
semctl.2
mtk, after a note from Filippo Santovito
In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were
incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/.
shmctl.2
Filippo Santovito / mtk
In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were
incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/.
utime.2
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks utime() obsolete.
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the POSIX.1-2001 LEGACY
marking of utimes(), so mention of this point has been
removed from the page.
vfork.2
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of vfork().
atan2.3
Fabian Kreutz
SEE ALSO Add carg(3).
bcmp.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of bcmp().
bsd_signal.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification ofcw
bsd_signal().
bzero.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of bzero().
cexp2.3
mtk
AVAILABILITY: These functions are still not in glibc
as at version 2.8.
clock_getres.3
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add clock_getcpuclockid(3).
clog2.3
mtk
AVAILABILITY: These functions are still not in glibc
as at version 2.8.
ctime.3
mtk
POSIX.1-2008 marks asctime(), asctime_r(), ctime(), and ctime_r()
as obsolete.
dprintf.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: These functions are nowadays in POSIX.1-2008.
ecvt.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of
ecvt() and fcvt().
ftime.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of ftime().
ftw.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() as obsolete.
gcvt.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of gcvt().
getcwd.3
Reuben Thomas / mtk
Clarify description of getcwd() for buf==NULL case;
CONFORMING TO: According to POSIX.1, the behavior of getcwd()
is unspecified for the buf==NULL case.
mtk
Add an introductory paragraph giving an overview of what these
functions do.
Fix error in description of getwd(): it does not truncate the
pathname; rather, it gives an error if the pathname exceeds
PATH_MAX bytes.
Rewrote RETURN VALUE section.
Add EINVAL ENAMETOOLONG errors for getwd().
Various other clarifications and wording fixes.
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2001 does not define any errors for
getwd().
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of getwd().
gethostbyname.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of
gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), and h_errno.
gets.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of gets().
iconv.3
iconv_close.3
iconv_open.3
mtk
VERSIONS: These functions are available in glibc since version 2.1.
index.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of
index() and rindex().
isalpha.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks isalpha() as obsolete.
makecontext.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of
makecontext() and swapcontext().
memchr.3
mtk
VERSIONS: memrchr() since glibc 2.2; rawmemchr() since glibc 2.1.
mempcpy.3
mtk
VERSIONS: mempcpy() since glibc 2.1.
mktemp.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of mktemp().
opendir.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 specifies fdopendir().
rand.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks rand_r() as obsolete.
siginterrupt.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks siginterrupt() as obsolete.
sigset.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks sighold(), sigignore(),
sigpause(), sigrelse(), and sigset() as obsolete.
strchr.3
mtk
VERSIONS: strchrnul() since glibc 2.1.1.
tempnam.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks tempnam() as obsolete.
tmpnam.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks tmpnam() as obsolete.
toascii.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks toascii() as obsolete.
ualarm.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of ualarm().
ulimit.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks ulimit() as obsolete.
usleep.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of usleep().
standards.7
mtk
Updated details for POSIX.1-2008, and noted that if
POSIX.1-2001 is listed in the CONFORMING TO section of a man
page, then the reader can assume that the interface is also
specified in POSIX.1-2008, unless otherwise noted.
time.7
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add clock_getcpuclockid(3).
udp.7
mtk
SEE ALSO: add udplite(7).
Changes to individual pages (math functions)
--------------------------------------------
Various changes here following on from the big update to the
math pages in the previous release. Test results going back
glibc 2.3.2 (so far) allowed updates to various pages to note
changes in historical behavior for error reporting by math
functions. Thanks to the following people for providing me
with test results on various distributions and glibc versions:
Alain Portal, Andries Brouwer, Fabian Kreutz, Heikki Orsila,
Khalil GHORBAL, Pavel Heimlich, Reuben Thomas, Samuel Thibault,
Soh Kam Yung, and Stephane Chazelas
cabs.3
cacos.3
cacosh.3
carg.3
casin.3
casinh.3
catan.3
catanh.3
ccos.3
ccosh.3
cexp.3
cimag.3
clog.3
clog10.3
conj.3
cpow.3
cproj.3
creal.3
csin.3
csinh.3
csqrt.3
ctan.3
ctanh.3
exp10.3
exp2.3
fdim.3
fenv.3
fma.3
fmax.3
fmin.3
log2.3
lrint.3
lround.3
nan.3
pow10.3
remquo.3
round.3
scalbln.3
sincos.3
tgamma.3
trunc.3
mtk
Added VERSIONS section noting that these functions first
appeared in glibc in version 2.1.
cosh.3
mtk
BUGS: In glibc 2.3.4 and earlier, an FE_OVERFLOW exception is not
raised when an overflow occurs.
fenv.3
mtk / Fabian Kreuz
Provide more detail in the description of rounding modes.
Add text describing FLT_ROUNDS (formerly in fma.3).
Add BUGS section pointing out the FLT_ROUNDS does not reflect
changes by fesetround().
fma.3
mtk
Remove text about FLT_ROUNDS, replacing with a cross-reference
to fenv(3).
fpclassify.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: Note that the standards provide a weaker guarantee
for the return value of isinf().
log.3
mtk
BUGS: In glibc 2.5 and earlier, log(nan("")) produces a bogus
FE_INVALID exception.
lround.3
mtk
Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode.
nextafter.3
mtk
BUGS: In glibc 2.5 and earlier these functions do not raise an
FE_UNDERFLOW exception on underflow.
pow.3
mtk
BUGS: described buggy NaN return when x is negative and y is large.
See also: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3866.
BUGS: Note the bogus FE_INVALID exception that occurred in glibc
2.3.2 and earlier on overflow and underflow.
remainder.3
mtk
Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode.
round.3
mtk
Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode.
scalb.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of scalb().
tgamma.3
mtk
BUGS: In glibc 2.3.3, tgamma(+-0) produced a domain error
instead of a pole error.
y0.3
mtk
In glibc 2.3.2 and earlier, these functions do not raise an
FE_INVALID exception for a domain error.
math_error.7
mtk
Rewrite introductory paragraph.
Point out that a NaN is commonly returned by functions that report
a domain error.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.08 ====================
Released: 2008-08-27, Zurich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Mike Bianchi <MBianchi@foveal.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Venkatesh Srinivas <me@acm.jhu.edu>
Vijay Kumar <vijaykumar@bravegnu.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
getnetent_r.3
mtk
Documents getnetent_r(), getnetbyname_r(),
and getnetbyaddr_r(), the reentrant equivalents of
getnetent(), getnetbyname(), and getnetbyaddr().
getprotoent_r.3
mtk
Documents getprotoent_r(), getprotobyname_r(), and
getprotobynumber_r(), the reentrant equivalents of
getprotoent(), getprotobyname(), and getprotobynumber().
getrpcent_r.3
mtk
Documents getrpcent_r(), getrpcbyname_r(), and
getrpcbynumber_r(), the reentrant equivalents of
getrpcent(), getrpcbyname(), and getrpcbynumber().
getservent_r.3
mtk
Documents getservent_r(), getservbyname_r(), and
getservbyport_r(), the reentrant equivalents of
getservent(), getservbyname(), and getservbyport().
numa.7
mtk
A new page giving overview details for the Linux NUMA interfaces.
Incorporates some material from mbind.2, and the description
of /proc/PID/numa_maps from proc.5.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
crypt.3
mtk
Add description of crypt_r().
New and changed links
---------------------
crypt.3
mtk
New link to crypt.3.
getnetbyname_r.3
getnetbyaddr_r.3
mtk
New links to new getnetent_r.3.
getprotobyname_r.3
getprotobynumber_r.3
mtk
New links to new getprotoent_r.3.
getrpcbyname_r.3
getrpcbynumber_r.3
mtk
New links to new getrpcent_r.3.
getservbyname_r.3
getservbyport_r.3
mtk
New links to new getservent_r.3.
numa_maps.5
mtk
Link to new numa(7) page, which incorporates the
/proc/PID/numa_maps description.
As part of the numactl() package, the /proc/PID/numa_maps
documentation was in a numa_maps.5 page; this link
ensures that "man 5 numa_maps" still works.
(Eventually, we may want to remove this link.)
Global changes
--------------
get_mempolicy.2
mbind.2
move_pages.2
set_mempolicy.2
mtk
Add reference to numa(7) for information on library support.
Added a VERSIONS section.
SEE ALSO: Add numa(7).
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
mkdirat.2
mknodat.2
linkat.2
openat.2
readlinkat.2
renameat.2
symlinkat.2
unlinkat.2
mkfifoat.3
psignal.3
strsignal.3
mtk
These interfaces are specified in POSIX.1-2008.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
eventfd.2
Vijay Kumar
When an eventfd overflows, select() indicates the file as both
readable and writable (not as having an exceptional condition).
fcntl.2
mtk
F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008.
getrlimit.2
mtk
NOTES: Add text mentioning the shell 'ulimit' (or 'limit')
built-in command for setting resource limits.
gettimeofday.2
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks gettimeofday() as obsolete.
link.2
mtk
Note kernel version where Linux stopped following symbolic
links in 'oldpath'; see also http://lwn.net/Articles/294667.
POSIX.1-2008 makes it implementation-dependent whether or not
'oldpath' is dereferenced if it is a symbolic link.
Add a reference to linkat(2) for an interface that allows
precise control of the treatment of symbolic links.
mbind.2
mtk
Remove material on library support and numactl; that material
is now in numactl.7.
mmap.2
mtk
Add kernel version numbers for MAP_32BIT.
Add some details on MAP_32BIT (see http://lwn.net/Articles/294642).
move_pages.2
mtk
Added VERSIONS (from kernel 2.6.18) and CONFORMING TO sections.
open.2
mtk
O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008.
socket.2
mtk
s/d/domain/ for name of argument.
Add reference to socket(2) for further information on
domain, type, and protocol arguments.
utimensat.2
mtk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 specifies utimensat() and futimens().
dirfd.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; other minor changes.
exec.3
mtk
Small rewording: "s/returned/failed with/ [an error]".
fmemopen.3
mtk
Since glibc 2.7, it is possible to seek past the end of
a stream created by open_memstream(). Add a BUGS section
describing the bug in earlier glibc versions.
gethostbyname.3
mtk
Clarify exactly which functions are obsoleted by getnameinfo()
and getaddrinfo().
getnetent.3
mtk
Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file.
Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to
the database if necessary.
The database connection is held open between get*() calls if
'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1).
s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/
mtk
In glibc 2.2, the type of the 'net' argument for getnetbyaddr()
changed from 'long' to 'uint32_t'.
mtk
Note that the gethostbyaddr() 'net' argument is in host byte order.
mtk
RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a
statically allocated structure.
SEE ALSO: add getnetent_r.3.
getprotoent.3
mtk
Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file.
Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to
the database if necessary.
The database connection is held open between get*() calls if
'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1).
s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/
mtk
RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a
statically allocated structure.
SEE ALSO: add getprotoent_r.3.
getrpcent.3
mtk
s/rpc/RPC/.
Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file.
Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to
the database if necessary.
s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/
mtk
RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a
statically allocated structure.
SEE ALSO: add getrpcent_r.3.
getservent.3
mtk
Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file.
Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to
the database if necessary.
The database connection is held open between get*() calls if
'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1).
s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/
mtk
RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a
statically allocated structure.
SEE ALSO: add getservent_r.3.
mkdtemp.3
mtk
CONFORMING TO: this function is specified in POSIX.1-2008.
mq_notify.3
Venkatesh Srinivas
s/sigev_notify_function/sigev_thread_function/
as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=494956.
realpath.3
mtk
Relocate text for resolved_path==NULL case to DESCRIPTION.
POSIX.1-2001 leaves the resolved_path==NULL case as
implementation-defined; POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior
described in this man page.
sem_init.3
mtk
POSIX.1-2008 rectifies the POSIX.1-2001 omission, specifying
that zero is returned by a successful sem_init() call.
core.5
Mike Bianchi / mtk
Make the page more helpful to non-programmers by referencing
the documentation of the shell's 'ulimit' command in the
discussion of RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE.
SEE ALSO: Add bash(1).
mtk
Note that a core dump file can be used in a debugger.
proc.5
mtk
Remove /proc/PID/numa_maps material (it is now in numa(7)).
cpuset.7
mtk
SEE ALSO: Add numa(7).
inotify.7
mtk / Li Zefan
Explain bug that occurred in coalescing identical events in
kernels before 2.6.25.
(See commit 1c17d18e3775485bf1e0ce79575eb637a94494a2
"A potential bug in inotify_user.c" in the 2.6.25 Changelog.)
pthreads.7
mtk
Update thread-safe functions list with changes in POSIX.1-2008.
SEE ALSO: add proc(5).
signal.7
mtk
Update list of async-signal-safe functions for POSIX.1-2008.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.09 ====================
Released: 2008-09-10, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Bernd Eckenfels <be-mail2006@lina.inka.de>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Carsten Emde <Carsten.Emde@osadl.org>
Christopher Head <chead@telus.net>
H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Joe Korty <joe.korty@ccur.com>
Marko Kreen <markokr@gmail.com>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Michael Schurter <michael@susens-schurter.com>
Mike Bianchi <MBianchi@foveal.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Suka <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Timothy S. Nelson <wayland@wayland.id.au>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
fopencookie.3
mtk
Document fopencookie(3), a library function that allows
custom implementation of a stdio stream.
networks.5
Martin (Joey) Schulze, with a few light edits by mtk
Documents the /etc/networks file.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
mtk
s/time zone/timezone/ for consistency across pages and
with POSIX.1.
kill.2
sigaction.2
sigpending.2
sigprocmask.2
sigsuspend.2
confstr.3
ctermid.3
ctime.3
ferror.3
flockfile.3
fopen.3
getaddrinfo.3
getgrnam.3
getnameinfo.3
getopt.3
getpwnam.3
longjmp.3
popen.3
rand.3
readdir.3
setjmp.3
sigsetops.3
sigwait.3
strtok.3
tzset.3
unlocked_stdio.3
mtk
Add/fix feature test macro requirements.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fcntl.2
mtk, after a note by Mike Bianchi
More clearly and consistently describe whether
or not the third argument to fcntl() is required,
and what its type should be.
mtk
Move description of negative l_len from NOTES, integrating
it into the discussion of file locking.
Minor rewrites of the text on file locking.
getrusage.2
Bernd Eckenfels
SEE ALSO: Add clock(3), clock_gettime(3).
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=353475
ioctl_list.2
mtk
Remove old sentence about where to send updates for this page.
Add more detail on mount options that prevent updates to atime.
sched_setscheduler.2
Carsten Emde
Update kernel version numbers relating to real-time support.
stat.2
H. Peter Anvin
Note that lstat() will generally not trigger automounter
action, whereas stat() will.
clock.3
Bernd Eckenfels
SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(3).
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=353475
clock_getres.3
Tolga Dalman / mtk
Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS; remove now redundant
sentence mentioning librt from NOTES.
getdate.3
mtk
Rewrite description of getdate_r() and integrate into main text
(rather than describing in NOTES).
Other parts rewritten for greater clarity.
Make it clearer in the main text that glibc does not implement %Z;
remove discussion of that point from NOTES.
Added an example program.
hsearch.3
mtk
Noted that table size as specified by 'nel' is immutable.
Described differences between hsearch() and hsearch_r().
Added missing pieces to RETURN VALUE.
Added a number of new entries under ERRORS.
NOTES: added some basic advice on sizing the hash table;
noted that when a table is destroyed, the caller is responsible
for freeing the buffers pointed to by 'key' and 'data' fields.
One of the BUGS was fixed in glibc 2.3.
Rewrote and clarified various other pieces.
Rename arguments for reentrant functions, using same name as
glibc headers: s/ret/retval/; s/tab/htab/.
mtk, after a suggestion by Timothy S. Nelson
Integrate discussion of reentrant functions into main discussion
(rather than as a short paragraph at the end).
iconv.3
Bruno Haible
Describe "shift sequence" input.
ptsname.3
sukadev
Fix return type of ptsname_r() in SYNOPSIS.
readdir.3
H. Peter Anvin
s/stat(2)/lstat(2)/ when discussing d_type (since we
are talking about a case where we might be interested to
whether the file itself is a symbolic link).
sigsetops.3
Chris Head, signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger
Fix typo: s/sigdelset/sigorset/
proc.5
Mats Wichmann / mtk
s/\[number]/[pid]/ in file names for /proc/PID files.
And similar changes for task/[tid] sub-directories.
mtk / Mats Wichmann
In the description if /proc/[pid]/environ, remove reference to
lilo(8)/grub(8) since there seems to be nothing in those pages
that related to this /proc file.
Michael Schurter / mtk
Remove sentence wrongly saying that /proc/meminfo reports
info in bytes;
see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=462969
mtk
Note that /proc/meminfo reports system-wide memory usage
statistics.
Joe Korty
Document new fields in /proc/interrupts that were added in
Linux 2.6.24.
unix.7
Marko Kreen
Since glibc 2.8, _GNU_SOURCE must be defined in order to get
the definition of the ucred structure from <sys/socket.h>.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.10 ====================
Released: 2008-09-23, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
John Reiser <jreiser@bitwagon.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
closedir.3
dirfd.3
readdir.3
rewinddir.3
scandir.3
seekdir.3
telldir.3
mtk
Fix 'dir' argument name: should be 'dirp'.
POSIX.1-2008 and glibc call this argument 'dirp' (consistent
with the fact that it is a *pointer* to a DIR structure).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
mtk, after a comment by John Reiser
Clarify text describing getpid() caching bug for clone() wrapper.
See also:
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6910
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=417521
getpid.2
mtk, after a comment by John Reiser
Describe getpid()'s PID caching and its consequences.
timerfd_create.2
Sam Varshavchik
s/it_interval/it_value/ when talking about TIMERFD_ABSTIME.
closedir.3
George Spelvin
Clarify closedir()'s treatment of underlying file descriptor.
tsearch.3
André Goddard Rosa
Fix memory leak in example program.
Add use of tdestroy to example program.
mtk
Add "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to example program.
protocols.5
mtk, after a note from Pavel Heimlich
Remove SEE ALSO references to nonexistent Guides to Yellow Pages
services.5
mtk
Remove some out-of-date bugs.
mtk, after a note from Pavel Heimlich
Remove SEE ALSO references to nonexistent Guides to Yellow Pages
and Bind/Hesiod docs.
mtk
Remove crufty text about use of comma instead of slash to separate
port and protocol.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.11 ====================
Released: 2008-10-07, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Eugene V. Lyubimkin <jackyf.devel@gmail.com>
Gergely Soos <sogerc1@gmail.com>
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Marko Kreen <markokr@gmail.com>
Maxin B. John <maxin.john@ap.sony.com>
Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Create a new page for umount() and umount2() by extracting
existing material from mount.2 page.
New and changed links
---------------------
umount2.2
Michael Kerrisk
Change link to point to new umount.2
The umount2() material migrated from mount.2 to umount.2
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
_SC_ARG_MAX is no longer necessarily constant
POSIX.1-2001 says that the values returned by sysconf()
are constant for the life of the process.
But the fact that, since Linux 2.6.23, ARG_MAX is settable
via RLIMIT_STACK means _SC_ARG_MAX is no longer constant,
since it can change at each execve().
Michael Kerrisk
Linux now imposes a floor on the ARG_MAX limit
Starting with Linux 2.6.23, the ARG_MAX limit became
settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
of 32 pages is guaranteed.
For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in
kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101,
checked into 2.6.25 as
commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
Also some reordering/rewording of the discussion of ARG_MAX.
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note lack of glibc wrapper; caller must use syscall(2)
Glibc doesn't (and quite probably won't) include a
wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
syscall() is used.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to posix_fallocate(3) for portable interface
Add a para to start of page that points out that this is the
low-level, Linux-specific API, and point the reader to
posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
getdents.2
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
d_type is currently only supported on ext[234]
As at kernel 2.6.27, only ext[234] support d_type.
On other file systems, d_type is always set to DT_UNKNOWN (0).
getdents.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk
comment out linux_dirent fields with varying location
The location of the fields after d_name varies according to
the size of d_name. We can't properly declare them in C;
therefore, put those fields inside a comment.
Michael Kerrisk
The DT_* constants are defined in <dirent.h>
Michael Kerrisk
Remove header files from SYNOPSIS
None of the header files provides what is needed.
Calls are made via syscall(2).
Michael Kerrisk
The programmer must define the linux_dirent structure
Point out that this structure is not defined in glibc headers.
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/linux_dirent/
The structure isn't currently defined in glibc headers,
and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
was already used in some, but not all, places in this page).
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reword/relocate discussion of BSD's historical RLIMIT_OFILE
The old sentence sat on its own in an odd place, and anyway the
modern BSDs use the name RLIMIT_NOFILE.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to execve(2) for RLIMIT_STACK's effect on ARG_MAX
Refer the reader to new text in execve(2) that describes how
(since Linux 2.6.23) RLIMIT_STACK determines the value of ARG_MAX.
getrusage.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rusage measures are preserved across execve(2)
mlock.2
Maxin John
Add EAGAIN error.
move_pages.2
Nicolas François
Make a detail of EPERM error more precise
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of per-process namespaces
Describe per-process namespaces, including discussion
of clone() and unshare CLONE_NEWNS, and /proc/PID/mounts.
Michael Kerrisk
List a few other file systems that we may see in /proc/filesystems
Add some modern file systems to that list (xfs, jfs, ext3,
reiserfs).
Michael Kerrisk
Document MS_SILENT (and MS_VERBOSE)
mount.2
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split umount*() out into a separate page
The length of this page means that it's becoming difficult
to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
its own page.
pause.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of words "library function"
This really is a system call.
readdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
The programmer must declare the old_linux_dirent structure
Glibc does not provide a definition of this structure.
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/old_linux_dirent/
Nowadays, this is the name of the structure in the
kernel sources.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove words "which may change"
These words are slightly bogus: although the interface
is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
should never be changing this interface.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove header files from SYNOPSIS
glibc doesn't provide any support for readdir(2),
so remove these header files (which otherwise suggest
that glibc does provide the required pieces).
recv.2
Nicolas François
Move kernel version number to first mention to MSG_ERRQUEUE.
semop.2
Kirill A. Shutemov
Fix typo in example
(The '&' before sop in the semop() call is unneeded.)
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make kernel version for MSG_CONFIRM more precise
s/2.3+ only/Since Linux 2.3.15/
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to signal(7) for an overview of signals
Explain semantics of signal disposition during fork() and execve()
Refer to signal(7) for more details on signal mask.
sigaltstack.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain inheritance of alternate signal stack across fork(2)
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Distinguish per-thread and process-wide signals
A sentence clarifying that pending signal set is union of
per-thread and process-wide pending signal sets.
Michael Kerrisk
These interfaces have per-thread semantics
The page was previously fuzzy about whether these interfaces
have process-wide or per-thread semantics. (E.g., now the
page states that the calling *thread* (not process) is suspended
until the signal is delivered.)
sigpending.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain effect of fork() and execve() for pending signal set
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how thread's pending signal set is defined
The pending set is the union of per-thread pending signals
and process-wide pending signals.
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain effects of fork() and execve() for signal mask
splice.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that SPLICE_F_MOVE is a no-op since kernel 2.6.21
syscall.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail about wrapper functions
Add a few more details about work generally done by wrapper
functions. Note that syscall(2) performs the same steps.
tkill.2
Michael Kerrisk
EINVAL error can also occur for invalid TGID
The EINVAL error on an invalid TGID for tgkill() was
not documented; this change documents it.
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1-2008 revision will likely affect FTMs for futimens()
Make it clear that the POSIX.1 revision that is likely
to affect the feature test macro requirements for futimens()
is POSIX.1-2008.
Nicolas François
Make various wordings a little more precise.
The times argument point to *an array of* structures, and the
man-page should say that consistently.
wait4.2
Michael Kerrisk
wait3() is a library function layered on wait4().
On Linux wait3() is a library function implemented on top
of wait4(). (Knowing this is useful when using strace(2),
for example.)
atan2.3
Nicolas François
Fix error in description of range or return value
In recent changes to the man page, mtk accidentally changed
the description of the return value range to -pi/2..pi/2;
the correct range is -pi..pi.
cmsg.3
Nicolas François
Add parentheses after macro names.
ctime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify mktime()'s use of tm_isdst
Describe use of tm_isdst for input to mktime();
explain how mktime() modifies this field.
(This field is left unchanged in case of error.)
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=500178
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording for ctime_r() and asctime_r() to indicate that
the buffer must be at least 26 *bytes*.
Michael Kerrisk
Minor rewording of mktime() description.
floor.3
Nicolas François
floor.3: Fix error in description: s/smallest/largest/
hsearch.3
André Goddard Rosa
Call hdestroy() after using hash table created by hcreate(),
for the sake of completeness
mq_getattr.3
Michael Kerrisk
mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are layered on mq_getsetattr(2)
mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are library functions layered on
top of the mq_getsetattr(2) system call.
(This is useful info for users of strace(1).)
mq_receive.3
Michael Kerrisk
mq_send() is a library function layered on mq_timedreceive() syscall
This info is useful for users of strace(1).
mq_send.3
Michael Kerrisk
mq_send() is a library function layered on mq_timedsend() syscall
This info is useful for users of strace(1).
nextafter.3
Nicolas François
Make description more precise: s/next/largest/
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getdents(2)
Because readdir() is implemented on top of getdents(2).
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that returned pathname is NULL terminated
Also clarify that null-byte is included in PATH_MAX limit.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite and simplify description of /proc/mounts
Most of the relevant discussion is now under /proc/PID/mounts;
all that needs to be here is a mention of the pre-2.4.19
system-wide namespace situation, and a reference to the
discussion under /proc/PID/mounts.
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of /proc/PID/mounts
Largely cribbed from existing /proc/mounts discussion, which is
about to be rewritten.
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add mq_notify() to list of lib. functions and syscalls in MQ API
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description in NAME section
Add mention of sigaltstack(2).
Describe syscalls that synchronously wait for a signal,
Give overview of syscalls that block until a signal is caught
Add overview of interfaces for sending signals.
Michael Kerrisk
Describe semantics w.r.t. fork() and execve()
Include text describing semantics of fork() and execve() for
signal dispositions, signal mask, and pending signal set.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.12 ====================
Released: 2008-10-29, Bucaramanga
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Christian Grigis <glove@earthling.net>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Didier <did447@gmail.com>
Halesh S <halesh.s@india.com>
J.H.M. Dassen (Ray) <fsmla@xinara.org>
Jason Spiro <jasonspiro4@gmail.com>
Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr>
Michael B. Trausch <mike@trausch.us>
Pierre Cazenave <pwc101@noc.soton.ac.uk>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_attr_init.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_init(3) and pthread_attr_destroy(3)
pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setdetachstate(3) and
pthread_attr_getdetachstate(3)
pthread_attr_setguardsize.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setguardsize(3) and
pthread_attr_getguardsize(3)
pthread_attr_setscope.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setscope(3) and pthread_attr_getscope(3)
pthread_attr_setstack.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setstack(3) and pthread_attr_getstack(3)
pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setstackaddr(3) and
pthread_attr_getstackaddr(3)
pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setstacksize(3) and
pthread_attr_getstacksize(3)
pthread_create.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing pthread_create(3)
pthread_detach.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_detach(3)
pthread_equal.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_equal(3)
pthread_exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing pthread_exit(3)
pthread_getattr_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_getattr_np(3)
pthread_join.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_join(3)
pthread_self.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_self(3)
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_tryjoin_np(3) and pthread_timedjoin_np(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
dup.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of dup3()
dup3() was added in kernel 2.6.27.
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of new epoll_create1()
The new epoll_create1() system call appeared in Linux 2.6.27.
eventfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe eventfd2() and EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC
Linux 2.6.27 added eventfd(), which supports a flags argument
that eventfd() did not provide. The flags so far implemented
are EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC,
inotify_init.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of inotify_init1()
The inotify_init1() system call was added in Linux 2.6.27.
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of new pipe2() syscall
pipe2() was added in 2.6.27. Describe the O_NONBLOCK and
O_CLOEXEC flags.
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe signalfd4() and SFD_NONBLOCK and SFD_CLOEXEC
Linux 2.6.27 added signalfd4(), which supports a flags argument
that signalfd() did not provide. The flags so far implemented
are SFD_NONBLOCK and SFD_CLOEXEC.
New and changed links
---------------------
dup3.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to dup.2
dup.2 now contains the description of the new dup3() syscall.
epoll_create1.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to epoll_create.2
epoll_create.2 now includes a description of the new
epoll_create1() system call.
eventfd2.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to eventfd.2
The eventfd.2 page has some details on the eventfd2() system call,
which was new in Linux 2.6.27.
inotify_init1.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to inotify_init.2
inotify_init.2 now includes a description of the new
inotify_init1() system call.
pipe2.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to pipe.2
pipe(2) now contains a description of the new pipe2() syscall.
pthread_attr_destroy.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_init.3
pthread_attr_getdetachstate.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
pthread_attr_getguardsize.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setguardsize.3
pthread_attr_getscope.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setscope.3
pthread_attr_getstack.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setstack.3
pthread_attr_getstackaddr.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3
pthread_attr_getstacksize.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
pthread_timedjoin_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_tryjoin_np.3
signalfd4.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to signalfd.2
signalfd.2 now includes text describing signalfd4() system call,
new in Linux 2.6.27.
Global changes
--------------
eventfd.2, getdents.2, mprotect.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2,
wait.2, backtrace.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, end.3, fmemopen.3,
fopencookie.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getprotoent_r.3,
getservent_r.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet.3, inet_pton.3,
makecontext.3, matherr.3, offsetof.3, pthread_attr_init.3,
pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, sem_wait.3, strtol.3, core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add ".SS Program source" to EXAMPLE
Add ".SS Program source" to clearly distinguish shell session and
descriptive text from actual program code.
eventfd.2, execve.2, getdents.2, ioprio_set.2, mprotect.2,
signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, backtrace.3,
clock_getcpuclockid.3, end.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, frexp.3,
getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getprotoent_r.3, getservent_r.3,
gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet.3, inet_pton.3, makecontext.3,
malloc.3, matherr.3, offsetof.3, pthread_attr_init.3,
pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, sem_wait.3, strftime.3,
strtok.3, strtol.3, core.5, proc.5, cpuset.7, mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Format user input in shell sessions in boldface
frexp.3, strftime.3, strtok.3
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate shell session above example program
Move the shell session text that demonstrates the use of
the example program so that it precedes the actual
example program. This makes the page consistent with the
majority of other pages.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Say more about unused epoll_create() 'size' arg
Supply a little more explanation about why the 'size' argument
of epoll_create() is nowadays ignored.
eventfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty text relating to flags argument
Remove sentence saying that glibc adds a flags argument
to the syscall; that was only relevant for the older
eventfd() system call.
getdents.2
Christoph Hellwig
Fix text relating to DT_UNKNOWN and 'd_type' support
Some file systems provide partial support for 'dt_type',
returning DT_UNKNOWN for cases they don't support.
Update the discussion of 'd_type' and DT_UNKNOWN to
support this.
getpeername.2, getsockname.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and unix(7)
getsockopt.2
Michael Kerrisk
EINVAL can also occur if 'optval' is invalid
In some cases, EINVAL can occur if 'optval' is invalid.
Note this, and point reader to an example in ip(7).
In response to:
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=216092
inotify_init.2
pipe.2
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify *_NONBLOCK description
Make it clear that the NONBLOCK flag sets an attribute in the new
open file description.
sched_yield.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite description in terms of threads
The text formerly described the operation of sched_yield() in
terms of processes. It should be in terms of threads.
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES text on appropriate use of sched_yield()
Strategic calls to sched_yield() can be used to improve
performance, but unnecessary use should be avoided.
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that sa_mask affects the *per-thread* signal mask
The page didn't previously clearly explain the scope of the
signal mask that is affected by sa_mask.
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty text relating to flags argument
Remove sentence saying that glibc adds a flags argument
to the syscall; that was only relevant for the older
signalfd() system call.
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that sigprocmask() operates on a per-thread mask
The first sentence of the page was vague on the scope of the
attribute changed by sigprocmask(). Reword to make this
clearer and add a sentence in NOTES to explicitly state that
the signal mask is a per-thread attribute.
socket.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document SOCK_NONBLOCK and SOCK_CLOEXEC flags
These flags, specified in the 'type' argument, are supported
since Linux 2.6.27.
socketpair.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to socket(2) for SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK
Refer the reader to socket(2) for a description of the SOCK_CLOEXEC
and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags, which are supported by socketpair() since
Linux 2.6.27.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add new 2.6.27 system calls
Add pipe2(), dup3(), epoll_create1(), inotify_init1(),
eventfd2(), signalfd4().
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document timerfd_create() TFD_CLOEXEC and TFD_NONBLOCK
TFD_CLOEXEC and TFD_NONBLOCK are supported since LInux 2.6.27.
vfork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify meaning of "child releases the parent's memory"
The man page was not explicit about how the memory used by
the child is released back to the parent.
ctime.3
Michael Kerrisk
ctime_r() and localtime_r() need not set 'timezone' and 'daylight'
The man page already noted that these functions need not set
'tzname', but things could be clearer: it tzset() is not called,
then the other two variables also are not set.
Also, clarify that ctime() does set 'timezone' and 'daylight'.
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
LD_LIBRARY_PATH is inspected once, at program start-up
Make it clear that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is inspected *once*, at
program start-up. (Verified from source and by experiment.)
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document binary mode (mode 'b')
Glibc 2.9 adds support to fmemopen() for binary mode opens.
Binary mode is specified by inclusion of the letter 'b' in
the 'mode' argument.
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify error descriptions with some examples
Clarify the description of some errors by giving examples
that produce the errors. (Text added for EAI_SERVICE and
EAI_SOCKTYPE.)
Also, add an error case for EAI_BADFLAGS.
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rationalize text on POSIX.1-2001 obsolete interfaces
POSIX.1 marks gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), and 'h_errno'
as obsolete. The man page explained this, but with some
duplication. Remove the duplication, and otherwise tidy up
discussion of this point.
popen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change one-line description in NAME
s%process I/O%pipe stream to or from a process%
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'e' (close-on-exec) flag
glibc 2.9 implements the 'e' flag in 'type', which sets the
close-on-exec flag on the underlying file descriptor.
raise.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_kill(3)
readdir.3
Christoph Hellwig
Fix text relating to DT_UNKNOWN and 'd_type' support
(This mirrors the previous change to getdents.2)
Some file systems provide partial support for 'dt_type',
returning DT_UNKNOWN for cases they don't support.
Update the discussion of 'd_type' and DT_UNKNOWN to
support this.
strcpy.3
Jason Spiro
Strengthen warning about checking against buffer overruns
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=413940
tty_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk
Explain capability requirements for TIOCCONS
Explain capability requirements for TIOCCONS, and describe
changes in 2.6.10 relating to capabilities.
Michael Kerrisk
Explain capability requirements for various ioctls
For TIOCSLCKTRMIOS, TIOCSCTTY, TIOCEXCL, explain the exact
capability that is required (the text formerly just said "root"
in each case).
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max
Defines the system-wide limit on the number of threads (tasks).
utmp.5
Pierre Cazenave
It is just "other" who should not have write perms on utmp
The page was vague before, saying that utmp should not be
writable by any user. This isn't true: it can be, and
typically is, writable by user and group.
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention epoll_create1() as part of epoll API
epoll_create1() was added in Linux 2.6.27, and extends the
functionality of epoll_create().
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention inotify_init1() in overview of API
Discuss the new inotify_init1() system call in the overview of
the inotify API.
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Detail EINVAL error for IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP socket option
In response to:
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=216092
iso_8859-7.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
Add Drachma, Euro, and Greek Ypogegrammeni
Also, amend description of characters 0241 and 0242.
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Example shell sessions should have user input boldfaced
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe return value from pthreads functions
Describe the usual success (0) and failure (non-zero) returns,
and note that POSIX.1-2001 specifies that pthreads functions
can never fail with the error EINTR.
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Timeouts make socket interfaces non-restartable
If setsockopt() is used to set a timeout on a socket(),
then the various socket interfaces are not automatically
restarted, even if SA_RESTART is specified when
establishing the signal handler. Analogous behavior occurs
for the "stop signals" case.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add unix(7)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Document LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
Drawing heavily on Jakub Jelinek's description in
http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2003-11/msg00127.html
(Subject: [PATCH] Support LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS)
--inhibit-rpath is ignored for setuid/setgid ld.so
The --inhibit-rpath option is ignored if ld.so is setuid/setgid
(not if the executable is setuid/setgid).
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_ORIGIN_PATH
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of LD_PROFILE and LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT
Clarify that LD_PROFILE is pathname or a soname,
and identify name of profiling output file.
Fix description of LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT, which wasn't even close to
the truth. (But why did it remain unfixed for so many years?)
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.3.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
Michael Kerrisk
Since version 2.3.5, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_SHOW_AUXV
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder lists of LD_* environment variables alphabetically
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.3.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_DEBUG
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.13 ====================
Released: 2008-11-07, Bucaramanga
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Karsten Weiss <knweiss@gmail.com>
Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr>
Olaf van der Spek <olafvdspek@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Ulrich Mueller <ulm@gentoo.org>
Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(3) and
pthread_attr_getaffinity_np(3)
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setschedparam(3) and
pthread_attr_getschedparam(3)
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(3) and
pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(3)
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_setaffinity_np(3) and pthread_getaffinity_np(3)
pthread_setschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_setschedparam(3) and pthread_getschedparam(3)
pthread_setschedprio.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_setschedprio(3)
New and changed links
---------------------
pthread_attr_getaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_attr_getschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
pthread_attr_getschedpolicy.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
pthread_getaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_getschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_setschedparam.3
Global changes
--------------
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_getattr_np.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Explain _np suffix
Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np"
suffix is because these functions are non-portable.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched_getcpu(3)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add pthread_setaffinity_np(3)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify EINVAL error for cpusetsize < kernel mask size
For sched_setaffinity(), the EINVAL error that occurs
if 'cpusetsize' is smaller than the kernel CPU set size only
occurs with kernels before 2.6.9.
vfork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Child holds parent's memory until execve() or *termination*
The page was phrased in a few places to describe the child as
holding the parent's memory until the child does an execve(2)
or an _exit(2). The latter case should really be the more
general process termination (i.e., either _exit(2) or abnormal
termination).
clock_getres.3
Michael Kerrisk
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable
According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but
currently they are not.
pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
Michael Kerrisk, after a report by Karsten Weiss
EINVAL occurs on some systems if stacksize != page-size
On MacOS X at least, pthread_attr_setstacksize(3) can fail
with EINVAL if 'stacksize' is not a multiple of the system
page size. Best to mention this so as to aid people writing
portable programs.
pthread_create.3
Karsten Weiss
Fix bug in EXAMPLE program
The calloc() line should read like this instead:
tinfo = calloc(num_threads, sizeof(struct thread_info));
pthread_exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: thread group with a dead leader and stop signals
Document the bug that can occur when a stop signal
is sent to a thread group whose leader has terminated.
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/611611
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=122525468300823&w=2
resolver.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix prototype of dn_expand()
The 4th argument is "char *", not "unsigned char *".
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504708
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix error handling after accept() in example code
Simply continuing after an error is in most cases wrong,
and can lead to infinite loops (e.g., for EMFILE).
So handle an error by terminating.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504202
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add error handling for epoll_wait() call in example code
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Improve example code
Fill in some gaps in example code (variable declarations,
adding listening socket to epoll set).
Give variables more meaningful names.
Other minor changes.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504202
iso_8859-7.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
Add characters for Drachma and Greek Ypogegrammeni
Lines for these two characters were added in the previous patch,
but the actual characters were not included in the 4th column
of the table. This fixes that.
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a section describing thread IDs
In particular, note that in each pthreads function that takes
a thread ID argument, that ID by definition refers to a thread
in the same process as the caller.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.14 ====================
Released: 2008-11-25, Bucaramanga
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andreas Henriksson <andreas@fatal.se>
Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz>
Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Jen Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Loïc Domaigne <tech@domaigne.com>
Masanari Iida <masanari.iida@hp.com>
Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Pierre-Paul Paquin <pierrepaulpaquin@gmail.com>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Stefano Teso <teso@disi.unitn.it>
Stew Benedict <stewb@linux-foundation.org>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
CPU_SET.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting CPU_* macros
This page contains material moved out of sched_setscheduler(2).
It overwrites a previously existing link file with the same name.
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of macros for dynamically allocated CPU sets
Add descriptions of CPU_ALLOC(), CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(), CPU_FREE(),
CPU_SET_S(), CPU_CLR_S(), CPU_ISSET_S(), CPU_ZERO_S(),
CPU_COUNT_S(), CPU_AND_S(), CPU_OR_S(), CPU_XOR_S(), and
CPU_EQUAL_S().
Michael Kerrisk
Add documentation of CPU_COUNT()
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of CPU_AND(), CPU_OR, CPU_XOR(), and CPU_EQUAL()
Plus a few other small clean-ups of the text
Michael Kerrisk
Various improvements in DESCRIPTION
After review comments by Bert Wesarg:
* Explain that cpu_set_t is a bitset, but should be considered
opaque.
* A CPU set can be duplicated with memset().
* Size of a CPU set is rounded up to size of long.
* CPU_SETSIZE is in bits, but the setsize argument is in bytes.
Michael Kerrisk
Document CPU_ALLOC()/CPU_ALLOC_SIZE() bug
These macros return twice what they should because of thinko
in glibc 2.8 and earlier. The bug is fixed for glibc 2.9.
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7029
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Discuss use of types in "prototypes" for these macros
The SYNOPSIS shows types for arguments and return values, but
these are really just suggestions: since the interfaces are
macros, the compiler won't catch all violations of
the "type rules". Warn the reader of this.
pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3) and
pthread_attr_getinheritsched(3)
pthread_cancel.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_cancel(3)
pthread_cleanup_push.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_cleanup_push(3) and pthread_cleanup_pop(3)
pthread_setcancelstate.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_setcancelstate(3) and pthread_setcanceltype(3)
pthread_testcancel.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_testcancel(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clone.2
Jens Axboe
Document CLONE_IO (new in Linux 2.6.25)
Some text also by mtk.
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWNET
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWUTS (new in Linux 2.6.19)
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWIPC flag (new in Linux 2.6.19)
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWPID flag (new in Linux 2.6.24)
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document MAP_STACK flag (new in Linux 2.6.27)
arp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file retrans_time_ms (new in Linux 2.6.12)
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file base_reachable_time_ms (new in Linux 2.6.12)
icmp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses (new in Linux 2.2)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document icmp_ratelimit and icmp_ratemask (new in Linux 2.4.10)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts (new in Linux 2.6.12)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_slow_start_after_idle (new in Linux 2.6.18)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_base_mss (new in Linux 2.6.17)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_frto_response (new in Linux 2.6.22)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_moderate_rcvbuf (new in Linux 2.4.17/2.6.7)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.13)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_no_metrics_save (new in Linux 2.6.6)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_mtu_probing (new in Linux 2.6.17)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_dma_copybreak (new in Linux 2.6.24)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_tso_win_divisor (new in Linux 2.6.9)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_allowed_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.20)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_workaround_signed_windows (new in Linux 2.6.26)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_available_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.20)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc file tcp_abc (new in Linux 2.6.15)
Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc files udp_mem, udp_rmem_min, and udp_wmem_min
All of these are new in Linux 2.6.25
New and changed links
---------------------
CPU_ALLOC.3
CPU_ALLOC_SIZE.3
CPU_AND.3
CPU_AND_S.3
CPU_CLR_S.3
CPU_COUNT.3
CPU_COUNT_S.3
CPU_EQUAL.3
CPU_EQUAL_S.3
CPU_FREE.3
CPU_ISSET_S.3
CPU_OR.3
CPU_OR_S.3
CPU_SET_S.3
CPU_XOR.3
CPU_XOR_S.3
CPU_ZERO_S.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new CPU_SET.3
CPU_CLR.3
CPU_ISSET.3
CPU_ZERO.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update links to point to CPU_SET.3
The documentation of the CPU_* macros migrated to a new
location: CPU_SET.3.
pthread_attr_getinheritsched.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
pthread_cleanup_pop.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_cleanup_push.3
pthread_setcanceltype.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_setcancelstate.3
Global changes
--------------
clone.2
mount.2
unshare.2
proc.5
path_resolution.7
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/namespace/mount-point namespace/, as appropriate
In recent times, a number of other namespace flags have been
added to clone(2). As such, it is no longer clear to use
the generic term "namespace" to refer to the particular
namespace controlled by CLONE_NEWNS; instead, use the
term "mount-point namespace".
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/mount-point namespace/mount namespace/
This is more consistent with the term "mounts namespace"
used in the 2008 ACM SIGOPS paper, "Virtual servers
and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux".
(I avoided the "s", because using the plural strikes me
as klunky English, and anyway we don't talk about
the "PIDs namespace" or the "networks namespace", etc..)
connect.2
listen.2
send.2
uname.2
cmsg.3
proc.5
arp.7
ddp.7
icmp.7
ip.7
raw.7
socket.7
tcp.7
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: eliminate mention of the obsolete sysctl(2) interface
Many pages still mention use of the obsolete sysctl(2) system
call, or used the term "sysctls"; rewrite these mentions to
instead be in terms of /proc interfaces.
fcntl.2
signal.2
mbsnrtowcs.3
mbsrtowcs.3
mbtowc.3
wcrtomb.3
wcsnrtombs.3
wcsrtombs.3
wctomb.3
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/multi-thread/multithread/
getdents.2
pthread_attr_init.3
pthread_create.3
pthread_getattr_np.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_setschedparam.3
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Use consistent error-handling function names
Many older pages use a handle_error() macro to do simple
error handling from system and library function calls.
Switch these pages to do similar.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
time.1
Michael Kerrisk
Note that some shells have a 'time' built-in command
Therefore, to access the functionality described on this page,
it may be necessary to specify the full pathname.
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Place list of CLONE_* flags in alphabetical order
(No content changes.)
fsync.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements for fsync()
Since glibc 2.8, the fsync() declaration is also exposed if
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add note on system-imposed restrictions on CPUs actually used
After Loïc Domaigne's suggestion for pthread_setaffinity_np(3), add
similar text to this page noting that the system silently
limits the set of CPUs on which the process actually runs to
the set of CPUs physically present and the limits imposed by
cpuset(7).
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Removed discussion of CPU_* macros()
These macros are now moving to a separate page.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to pthread_setaffinity_np(3)
pthread_setaffinity_np() is preferable for setting
thread CPU affinity if using the POSIX threads API.
sysctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add prominent warning against using this system call
This was already stated under NOTES, but make it even more
prominent by adding a sentence at the start of the DESCRIPTION.
uname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add C comments describing fields in utsname structure
atan2.3
Stefano Teso
Fix description of range of function value return
The range is not [-pi/2, pi/2], but [-pi, pi].
(mtk: This error was reported by Nicolas François, and
should have been fixed in 3.11, but somewhere along the way,
the fix got lost.)
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=506299
bindresvport.3
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.8, EPFNOSUPPORT error is now EAFNOSUPPORT
Glibc switched to using a POSIX-specified error code for
this error case.
http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2375
clock_getres.3
Michael Kerrisk
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable
According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but
currently they are not.
getgrnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify and add more detail in RETURN VALUE description
The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for
various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit
in describing what happens for the "not found" case.
This is an analogous change to the change for
getpwnam.3, made after Andreas Henriksson's report.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504787
Michael Kerrisk
Rename arguments to getgrnam_r() and getgrgid_r()
s/gbuf/grp/ and s/gbufp/result/, for consistency
with POSIX.1 argument names.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify RETURN VALUE description
The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for
various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit
in describing what happens for the "not found" case.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504708
getpwnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rename arguments to getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r()
s/pwbuf/pwd/ and s/pwbufp/result/, for consistency
with POSIX.1 argument names.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify and add more detail in RETURN VALUE description
The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for
various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit
in describing what happens for the "not found" case.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504787
Michael Kerrisk
Add an EXAMPLE program for getpwnam_r()
inet_ntop.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rename 'cnt' argument to 'size'
This is consistent with POSIX.1, and also a more sensible name.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text describing 'size' argument
(After a suggestion by Vegard Nossum.)
Also made a few other small rewordings to in the initial
paragraph.
makecontext.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add text on use of pointer arguments to makecontext()
Passing pointer arguments to makecontext() is possible,
but only on some architectures, and with no guarantees
of portability.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504699
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Various fixes after review by Loïc Domaigne
Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update to reflect new location of CPU_*() documentation
The CPU_*() macros are now documented in CPU_SET.3;
update to reflect that fact.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant text relating to CPU sets
Information about CPU_SETSIZE can be found in CPU_SET.3, so
remove discussion of it here.
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
pthread_setschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove text saying that only sched_priority is required by POSIX.1
Loïc Domaigne points out that if a system implements
SCHED_SPORADIC (which Linux does not), then other
fields are also specified in sched_param. The simple
solution is just to remove that phrase from the man
page.
pthread_cancel.3
pthread_detach.3
pthread_join.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make text of ESRCH error consistent
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add text to EINVAL error mentioning cpuset(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Various improvements after review by Loïc Domaigne
Various fix-ups after Loïc's review.
Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne
pthread_setschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is default for inherit scheduler attribute
In EXAMPLE, note that PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is the default for
the inherit scheduler attribute.
syslog.3
Masanari Iida
LOG_KERN messages can't be generated from user processes
Masanari notes that this is an FAQ for logger(1) and that
Solaris and FreeBSD document this point in syslog(3).
The glibc info page also hides this comment in its source:
Internally, there is also LOG_KERN, but LOG_KERN == 0,
which means if you try to use it here, just selects default.
proc.5
Ivana Varekova
Fix reference to kernel source file
Use relative reference to Documentation/mtrr.txt.
arp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for /proc interfaces
cpuset.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3)
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc version that added epoll support
icmp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers to /proc file descriptions
inotify.7
Vegard Nossum
Fix description of max_user_watches
It seems that inotify(7) is wrong here:
"/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
This specifies a limit on the number of watches that can be
associated with each inotify instance."
On my system, the default value for this variable is 8192. But I
cannot create more than 8192 watches in total for the same UID
even when they are on different inotify instances. So I suggest
to rephrase this as: "This specifies an upper limit on the
number of watches that can be created per real user ID."
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder socket options alphabetically
Michael Kerrisk
Added kernel version numbers for IP_* socket options
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate kernel version information for IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_* files
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of kernel header from description of IP_RECVERR
Looks like glibc has had this definition since about version 2.1.
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate kernel version information for ip_mreqn structure
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate info about Linux-specific sockopts to NOTES
Also add some source comments about non-standard Linux-specific
options that are not yet documented.
netlink.7
Vegard Nossum
Fix incorrect variable names in example code
s/snl/sa/ * 2
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add section on cancellation points
This section includes a list of the functions that must and
may be cancellation points.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework, and fix small error in, thread-safe function list
Integrate the changes that occurred in POSIX.1-2008 into the
main list (to be consistent with the list, elsewhere on this
page, of functions that are cancellation points).
Also, fix an error that said that strerror() was added to
the list in POSIX.1-2008. It was strsignal() that was
added. (strerror() was already in the list in POSIX.1-2001.)
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak text on sigpause() cancellation point
In POSIX.1-2008, this function moves from the "must be"
to the "may be" list.
Michael Kerrisk
Add ref to signal(7) for further info on use of real-time signals
signal(7) provides some further details on the use of real-time
signals by the two Linux threading implementations.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_init() and pthread_cancel()
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update description of tcp_rmem defaults for Linux 2.6
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for TCP_* socket options
Note kernel version were each socket option first appeared.
Michael Kerrisk
The tcp_bic* proc files disappeared in Linux 2.6.13
Michael Kerrisk
tcp_vegas_cong_avoid disappeared in Linux 2.6.13
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of RFC 4138 for 'tcp_frto' /proc file
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of /proc in VERSIONS
This information is not indicated for each /proc interface
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that tcp_mem measures in units of the system page size
Michael Kerrisk
Update tcp_frto description for 2.6.22 changes
Linux 2.6.22 added a mode value 2 ("Enable SACK-enhanced
F-RTO if flow uses SACK").
Michael Kerrisk
Fix alphabetical order in /proc file list
A few entries were slightly out of order.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove obsolete statement about /proc from VERSIONS
Much of the text has been updated to 2.6.27 or so,
so this statement no longer applies.
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for each /proc interface
Note kernel version where each /proc interface first appeared
Michael Kerrisk
tcp_westwood /proc file disappeared in Linux 2.6.13
Michael Kerrisk
Update description of tcp_wmem defaults for Linux 2.6
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.15 ====================
Released: 2008-12-05, Bucaramanga
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz>
Drake Wilson <drake@begriffli.ch>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Fedyk <mfedyk@mikefedyk.com>
Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Phil Endecott <phil_vonar_endecott@chezphil.org>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
makedev.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for makedev(), major(), and minor() macros
pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np(3) and
pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document accept4() system call, new in Linux 2.6.28
fmemopen.3
Petr Baudis
Add description of open_wmemstream(3)
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document MSG_TRUNC flag for TCP sockets
New and changed links
---------------------
accept4.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to accept.2
accept.2 now documents the new accept4() system call.
open_wmemstream.3
Petr Baudis
New link to fmemopen.3
fmemopen.3 now documents open_wmemstream().
pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3
Global changes
--------------
accept.2
listen.2
recv.2
getpeername.2
getsockname.2
shutdown.2
socketpair.2
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: SEE ALSO: add socket(7)
bind.2
rcmd.3
capabilities.7
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/reserved port/privileged port/
Some pages used one term, some pages the other term;
make some consistency.
connect.2
getpeername.2
getsockname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Use consistent argument names
Most other sockets pages are using the names 'addr'
and 'addrlen'; make these pages do the same.
getpeername.2
getsockname.2
getsockopt.2
recv.2
send.2
shutdown.2
sockatmark.3
socket.7
udplite.7
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Rename socket file descriptor argument to 'sockfd'
Many sockets man pages use the name 'sockfd' already.
For consistency, changes the others to do so as well.
gnu_dev_major.3
gnu_dev_makedev.3
gnu_dev_minor.3
major.3
minor.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new makedev(3) page
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
_exit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.3, the exit() wrapper function invokes exit_group(2)
This information is useful to users of strace(1).
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details when returned address is truncated
If the returned address is truncated, the 'addrlen' argument
indicates the actual size of the address, rather than a count
of the number of bytes in the truncated buffer.
Also clarify that if 'addr' argument is NULL, then 'addrlen'
should is unused, and should also be NULL.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder ERRORS list
Some errors were listed under a separate "may" heading.
There's probably no real need to do this; integrate
those errors into the main list.
exit_group.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that since glibc 2.3, exit(2) invokes exit_group()
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention that glibc provides no wrapper function for futex()
get_thread_area.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc provides no wrapper for this system call
getdomainname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Substantial rewrite
Expand description of setdomainname() and getdomainname().
Note that getdomainname() is implemented as a library function
in glibc.
Note limits on size of domain name.
Reorganize ERRORS list.
gethostname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Various parts rewritten
Write a paragraph describing sethostname().
Clarify differences between glibc's gethostbyname() and
the kernel gethostbyname() system calls.
gethostname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that HOST_NAME_MAX is 64 on Linux
Also note that in pre-1.0 days, the limit on hostnames
was 8 bytes.
getpeername.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that returned address may be truncated if buffer is too small
getsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Simplified version information and moved to a new VERSIONS section
getsockname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that returned address is truncated if buffer is too small
mknod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to makedev(3) to build a device ID
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Loosen language around how 'addr' hint is interpreted
Mel Gorman reported that in Linux 2.6.27, 'addr' is rounded
down to a page boundary.
Before kernel 2.6.26, if 'addr' was taken as a hint, it was
rounded up to the next page boundary. Since Linux 2.6.24,
it is rounded down. Therefore, loosen the description of
this point to say that the address is rounded to "a nearby
page boundary".
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
EFBIG error is now EOVERFLOW (since Linux 2.6.24)
When a 32-bit app opens a file whose size is too big to be
represented in 31-bits, POSIX.1 specifies the error EOVERFLOW.
Linux used to give EFBIG for this case, but 2.6.24 fixed this.
Also, add some text to describe the error scenario in
more detail.
pread.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc emulation for these calls uses lseek(2)
(This makes it clearer that the emulated calls are not atomic.)
recv.2
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make names of "address" and "address length" args more consistent
Make the names of these arguments more consistent with other
sockets man pages.
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details when returned address is truncated
If the recvfrom() returned address is truncated, the 'fromlen'
argument indicates the actual size of the address, rather than
a count of the number of bytes in the truncated buffer.
Also clarify that the 'from' argument can be NULL, in which
case 'fromlen' should is unused, and should also be NULL.
Michael Kerrisk
Internet datagram and netlink sockets support MSG_TRUNC for recv(2)
Internet datagram (since Linux 2.4.27/2.6.8),
and netlink (since Linux 2.6.22) sockets support
the MSG_TRUNC flag for recv(2).
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrote text describing feature test macros requirement for pselect()
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix SHUT_FD* macros in example program
Add "do {} while (0)"
set_thread_area.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc provides no wrapper for this system call
setfsgid.2
setfsuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify version information and move to a VERSIONS section
setsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework RETURN VALUE section; add an ERRORS section
setup.2
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate some CONFORMING TO text to VERSIONS and NOTES
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EOVERFLOW error
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to major() and minor() to decompose a device ID
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix version numbers for a few system calls
Some 2.6 system calls were wrongly mentioned as also being
backported into a 2.4.x kernel.
uname.2
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: Point reader at NOTES for further info on field lengths
atan.3
Andries E. Brouwer
Fix return value description
The correct range for the return value is [-pi/2,pi/2].
(mtk's fix in the last change to the return value text was
a botch-up of a (correct) suggestion by Nicolas François.)
atexit.3
Michael Kerrisk
atexit() and on_exit(3) register functions on the same list
Michael Kerrisk
Terminating registered function using longjmp() is undefined
According to POSIX.1, using longjmp() to terminate execution of
a function registered using atexit() produces undefined results.
Michael Kerrisk
Calling exit(3) more than once produces undefined results
If an exit handler itself calls exit(3), the results are
undefined (see the POSIX.1-2001 specification of exit(3)).
Michael Kerrisk
The same exit handler may be registered multiple times
Michael Kerrisk
Calling _exit(2) terminates processing of exit handlers
Michael Kerrisk
Terminating registered function using longjmp() is undefined
According to POSIX.1, using longjmp() to terminate execution of
a function registered using atexit() produces undefined results.
bindresvport.3
Mats Wichmann
SYNOPSIS: s/\*\*/*/ in prototype
Michael Kerrisk
Fix errors regarding port used, plus other rewrites
Glibc's bindresvport() takes no notice of sin->sin_port:
it always returns an arbitrary reserved port in the
anonymous range (512-1023). (Reported by Mats Wichmann.)
Also:
* Add EADDRINUSE and EACCES errors.
* Mention use of getsockname(2).
* Other minor rewrites and reorderings of the text.
* Explicitly note that glib's bindresvport() ignores
sin->sin_port.
* Change license There's now virtually no text remaining from
the 1.70 version of this page.
Reviewed-by: Mats Wichmann
Reviewed-by: Petr Baudis
dlopen.3
Petr Baudis
Describe confusing dladdr() behavior
dladdr() will act unexpectedly if called from non-pic code on a
compile-time-generated function pointer.
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
Petr Baudis
SEE OPEN: Add fopencookie(3)
fopencookie(3) is used to implement fmemopen().
fopen.3
Petr Baudis
SEE ALSO: Add fmemopen(3) and fopencookie(3)
fopencookie.3
Petr Baudis
fopencookie() needs _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro
getaddrinfo.3
Petr Baudis
Document results ordering and /etc/gai.conf
This patch documents the order of the getaddrinfo(3) results
(RFC 3484), how should the application deal with that,
mentions the extremely common cause of having multiple
results per query (both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses available)
and mentions /etc/gai.conf.
(mtk: Minor tweaks, and note glibc version for /etc/gai.conf)
isatty.3
Michael Kerrisk
Complete rewrite of this page, with rather more detail
memmem.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove sentence saying that libc 5.0.9 is still widely used
That was a *long* time ago.
on_exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document handling of registrations on fork(2) and execve(2)
Treatment in these cases is the same as for atexit(3).
Michael Kerrisk
Arg given to registered function is status from *last* call to exit()
It's a subtle point, but if a registered function itself
calls exit(3), then subsequent functions that were registered
with on_exit(3) will see the exit status given to the more
recent exit(3) call.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that same function may be registered multiple times
setlocale.3
locale.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clean up the description of LANGUAGE environment variable
Clean up the $LANGUAGE description, by removing bogus comments
from setlocale(3) and expanding the mention in locale(7).
Maybe you will decide that a more detailed description
should be left to the gettext(3) documentation, but I
actually care about the invisible part of the patch more
since the comments have put me off the track initially
($LANGUAGE has nothing to do with setlocale(3) and is
completely isolated to gettext, as obvious from the
glibc sources).
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/stat: s/minor/disk_idx/ in description of /proc/stat
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=225619
capabilities.7
Drake Wilson
Various minor fixes as per Debian bug 471029
The relevant pieces of
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=471029 are:
- Delete duplicate subentry for KEYCTL_CHOWN/KEYCTL_SETPERM
operations in the CAP_SYS_ADMIN entry. (It feels like that
capability entry should be converted to a list, but I've
left it in semicolon-delimited form for now.)
- Remove text about ENFILE from the text about the
/proc/sys/fs/file-max limit in the CAP_SYS_ADMIN entry, since
this is already described in the man pages for the relevant
ofile-creating system calls.
- Correct or clarify a few other bits of grammar and such;
see the diff file itself for details.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tcp(7) and udp(7)
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate out-of-band data discussion
Move to a new subsection entitled "Sockets API".
Michael Kerrisk
Note that MSG_PEEK can be used on out-of-band data
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add clock_gettime(3)
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Unix domain sockets don't support the recv() MSG_TRUNC flag
Michael Kerrisk
Retitled subsection "(Un)supported features" to "Sockets API"
This is consistent with the recent change in tcp(7).
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.16 ====================
Released: 2009-01-13, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Colin Watson <cjwatson@ubuntu.com>
Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_getcpuclockid.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_getcpuclockid(3)
libc.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page giving brief overview of C libraries on Linux
rtld-audit.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting dynamic linker auditing API
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
ld.so.8
Petr Baudis
Document LD_AUDIT
Petr Baudis
Document LD_POINTER_GUARD
New and changed links
---------------------
gethostid.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new page location in Section 3
sethostid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Change link to point to new page location in Section 3
sethostid.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to relocated page in Section 3
glibc.7
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new libc.7
Global changes
--------------
syscalls.2
feature_test_macros.7
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add libc(7)
dlopen.3
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add rtld-audit(7)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
gethostid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move to Section 3
The interfaces documented in this page are purely glibc.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Kernel 2.6.28 adds accept4()
clock_getres.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add pthread_getcpuclockid(3)
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix VERSIONS information
gethostid.3
Michael Kerrisk
Before version 2.2, glibc stored the host ID in /var/adm/hostid
Also: rewrite some text describing the /etc/hostid file, so that
this location is referred to just once on the page.
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: describe return value of sethostid()
Michael Kerrisk
Added BUGS section noting that ID can't be guaranteed to be unique
Michael Kerrisk
Added ERRORS section describing errors for sethostid()
Michael Kerrisk
Update section number to reflect relocation into Section 3
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Source and destination buffers may not overlap for *s*printf()
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7075
Some existing code relies on techniques like the following to
append text to a buffer:
$ cat s.c
#include <stdio.h>
char buf[80] = "not ";
main()
{
sprintf(buf, "%sfail", buf);
puts(buf);
return 0;
}
$ cc s.c
$ ./a.out
not fail
However, the standards say the results are undefined if source
and destination buffers overlap, and with suitable compiler
options, recent changes can cause unexpected results:
$ cc -v 2>&1 | grep gcc
gcc version 4.3.1 20080507 (prerelease) [gcc-4_3-branch revision 135036] (SUSE Linux)
$ cc -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE -O2 s.c
$ ./a.out
fail
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite text describing 'dirent' fields standardized in POSIX.1
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify text for return value/errno setting for end-of-stream case
nscd.8
Petr Baudis
Correct NOTES section on reloading configuration files
It behaved this way at least since
"Sun Oct 18 15:02:11 1998 +0000",
some four months after including the nscd implementation
in glibc. But there does seem to be a short window between
glibc-2.1 and glibc-2.1.3 when nscd -i was not available,
I don't think it's worth muddling the point of the page
with that, though.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.17 ====================
Released: 2009-01-19, Hobart
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Adeodato Simó <dato@net.com.org.es>
Bastien ROUCARIES <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr>
Mads Martin Joergensen <mmj@mmj.dk>
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
endian.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting byte order conversion functions
Document functions (new in glibc 2.9) for conversion between
host byte order and big-/little- endian byte order:
htobe16(), htole16(), be16toh(), le16toh(),
htobe32(), htole32(), be32toh(), le32toh(),
htobe64(), htole64(), be64toh(), le64toh()
getifaddrs.3
Petr Baudis
New page documenting getifaddrs(3) and freeifaddrs(3)
Many edits and changes of Petr's initial draft by mtk
cp1251.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting CP 1251 (Windows Cyrillic) character set
iso-8859-10.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-10 character set
iso_8859-13.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-13 character set
iso_8859-14.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-14 character set
iso_8859-3.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-3 character set
iso_8859-5.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-5 character set
iso_8859-8.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-8 character set
koi8-u.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting KOI8-U character set
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc interfaces for limiting kernel memory usage
Document the following /proc files that were added in
Linux 2.6.28:
/proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances
/proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches
netdevice.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document recently added interface flags
IFF_LOWER_UP (since Linux 2.6.17)
IFF_DORMANT (since Linux 2.6.17)
IFF_ECHO (since Linux 2.6.25)
Documentation taken from comments in <linux/if.h>
New and changed links
---------------------
freeifaddrs.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new getifaddrs.3
htobe16.3
htole16.3
be16toh.3
le16toh.3
htobe32.3
htole32.3
be32toh.3
le32toh.3
htobe64.3
htole64.3
be64toh.3
le64toh.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new endian.3
iso-8859-10.7
iso_8859_10.7
latin6.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-10.7
iso-8859-13.7
iso_8859_13.7
latin7.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-13.7
iso-8859-14.7
iso_8859_14.7
latin8.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-14.7
iso-8859-3.7
iso_8859_3.7
latin3.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-3.7
iso-8859-5.7
iso_8859_5.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-5.7
iso-8859-8.7
iso_8859_8.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-8.7
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bind.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add getifaddrs(3)
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EMFILE error
This error is encountered when the limit imposed by
/proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances is encountered.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify distinction between epoll instance and epoll file descriptor
Reword so that the notion of an epoll instance is made clear,
and made distinct from the notion of an epoll file descriptor.
Some other minor rewordings also.
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reordered parts of the text
Michael Kerrisk
Introduce notion of epoll instance
Introduce notion of epoll instance as distinct from
epoll file descriptor. Plus other wording clean-ups.
Michael Kerrisk
Document ENOSPC error (new in Linux 2.6.28)
This error results when the limit imposed by
/proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches is encountered.
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Introduce the notion of an epoll instance into text
getdents.2
Michael Kerrisk
Before kernel < 2.6.4, 'd_type' was effectively always DT_UNKNOWN
gethostid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rename file (was misnamed gethostd.2 in previous release)
getsockname.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add getifaddrs(3)
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of fork() semantics
The page text described the semantics of the initial
implementation of signalfd(). These were changed early on,
but the man page wasn't updated.
byteorder.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add endian(3)
longjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording re saving/restoring signal mask
Michael Kerrisk
siglongjmp() restores signal mask iff 'savesigs' was non-zero
Note that siglongjmp() restores signal mask if, and only
if, 'savesigs' argument of sigsetjmp() was non-zero. (Previous
text omitted the "and only if".)
memccpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix CONFORMING TO: s/C99/POSIX.1-2001/
Michael Kerrisk
If the memory areas overlap, the results are undefined
sethostid.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rename file (was misnamed sethostd.3 in previous release)
setjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording re saving/restoring signal mask
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify when setjmp() provides BSD vs System V signal mask semantics
strsep.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: explicitly list problems afflicting strsep()
Previously, the page said this function suffered the same
problems as strtok(), but in fact strsep() doesn't suffer
from all of the same problems as strtok(), so explicitly
list just the problems of strsep() in the strsep.3 page.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to epoll(7) for description of epoll /proc files
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Various wording changes to improve clarity and consistency
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.18 ====================
Released: 2009-02-10, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Bastien ROUCARIES <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
Christian Siebert <christian.siebert@s2000.tu-chemnitz.de>
Christopher Head <chead@telus.net>
Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@debian.org>
Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr>
Lucio Maciel <luciofm@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Satyam Sharma <ssatyam@cse.iitk.ac.in>
Sebastian Kienzl <seb@riot.org>
Timo Sirainen <tss@iki.fi>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
armscii-8.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ArmSCII-8 character set
iso_8859-11.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-11 character set
iso_8859-4.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page documenting ISO 8859-4 character set
iso_8859-6.7
Lefteris Dimitroulakis
New page describing ISO 8859-6 character set
pthread_kill.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_kill(3)
pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_kill_other_threads_np(3)
pthread_sigmask.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_sigmask(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clock_getres.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, new in 2.6.28
New and changed links
---------------------
clock_gettime.2
clock_settime.2
clock_getres.3
clock_gettime.3
clock_settime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update links to reflect the fact that clock_* pages are now in
Section 2
iso-8859-11.7
iso_8859_11.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-11.7
iso-8859-4.7
iso_8859_4.7
latin4.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-4.7
iso-8859-6.7
iso_8859_6.7
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new iso_8859-6.7
tis-620.7
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new iso_8859-11.7
Global changes
--------------
clock_nanosleep.2
getrusage.2
timerfd_create.2
clock.3
clock_getcpuclockid.3
ftime.3
pthread_create.3
pthread_getcpuclockid.3
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
sem_wait.3
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: Fix xrefs to clock_*.? pages to reflect move to section 2
clock_nanosleep.2
execve.2
fork.2
nanosleep.2
sigaction.2
timerfd_create.2
pthread_getcpuclockid.3
ualarm.3
usleep.3
pthreads.7
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/(3)/(2)/ in section number xrefs for timer_*() API
The POSIX timers API is implemented (mostly) within the kernel,
so these interfaces are system calls. Although there are as yet
no man pages, when they are added they should be in Section 2,
not 3. Therefore fix those pages that currently refer to these
interfaces as being in Section 3.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
Andi Kleen
Add some details and relocate a paragraph
While writing a little program using capset
I found the capset manpage quite light on crucial
details and I had to resort to RTFS.
This patch improves the points I found unclear
and also moves one misplaced paragraph around.
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move page from Section 3 to Section 2
eventfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc eventfd() supports the use of eventfd2() since version 2.9
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add daemon(3)
getdents.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded HAVE_D_TYPE from example program
Since d_type will always just return DT_UNKNOWN before
kernel 2.6.4, we don't need to use a conditional for
determining whether we use this flag.
nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
Relocated misplaced BUGS heading
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clean up error checking in example program (no semantic changes)
Michael Kerrisk
Many parts tidied and rewritten
Remove some redundant text, clarify various pieces,
tidy example code, etc.
Michael Kerrisk
Bug fixes + rewrites in example program
Sebastien pointed out that the first example program
wrongly thinks it can count signals.
Also, some further rewrites by mtk.
socket.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: Remove discussion SOCK_UUCP
As time goes on, this sentence becomes less a piece of humor,
and more a puzzle.
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that open(O_NOATIME) also causes st_atime not to be updated
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add BUGS noting that timerfd supports fewer clock types than
timer_create()
btowc.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add wctob(3)
clock_getcpuclockid.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_getcpuclockid(3)
cos.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sincos(3)
fexecve.3
Timo Sirainen
Note that fexecve() depends on a mounted /proc
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514043
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note addition of fexecve() in POSIX.1-2008
Michael Kerrisk
'fd' must be opened read-only and refer to a file that is executable
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008
getifaddrs.3
Lucio Maciel
Fix memory leak in example program
Petr Baudis
Various small fixes
getpwnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getspnam(3)
getumask.3
Michael Kerrisk
Updated glibc version number in NOTES
ilogb.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add significand(3)
intro.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add libc(7)
isalpha.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix statement that isalpa() is obsolete; should be isascii()
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=512709
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add toascii(3)
mq_notify.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross reference to pthread_attr_init(3)
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of 'attr'
pthread_getcpuclockid.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: fix type of 'thread'
qsort.3
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: remove unnecessary "#include <unistd.h>"
random.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add random_r(3)
remainder.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add div(3)
scandir.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: alphasort() and scandir() are added to POSIX.1-2008
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that versionsort() was added to glibc in
version 2.1
sem_wait.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add clock_gettime(2)
significand.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add CONFORMING TO noting that this function is unstandardized
sigwait.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add EXAMPLES section referring to pthread_sigmask(3)
sin.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sincos(3)
stpcpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add BUGS section noting the possibility of buffer overruns
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing pieces/fix various problems in example program
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: stpcpy() is nowadays on the BSDs
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add stpcpy.3
wcscasecmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that this function is added in POSIX.1-2008
wcsdup.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that this function was added in POSIX.1-2008
wcsncasecmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that this function is added in POSIX.1-2008
wctob.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add btowc(3)
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of epoll/max_user_instances
(Since this interface appeared in 2.6.28, and then
disappeared in 2.6.29.)
ascii.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update SEE ALSO list to include pages added in 3.17
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add recently added iso_8859-*(7) pages
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
remove documentation of /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances
This /proc interface appeared in 2.6.28. but will be
removed in 2.6.29.
Also, document change in default value of
/proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches (was 1/32 of lowmem,
now 1/25 of lowmem).
koi8-r.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add koi8-u(7); remove crufty text
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update to note that latest POSIX/SUS was ratified in 2008
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_getcpuclockid(3)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.19 ====================
Released: 2009-02-20, Putaruru
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Christian Siebert <christian.siebert@gmail.com>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Parag Warudkar <parag.lkml@gmail.com>
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Sami Liedes <sliedes@cc.hut.fi>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting timer_create(2)
timer_delete.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting timer_delete(2)
timer_getoverrun.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting timer_getoverrun(2)
timer_settime.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting timer_settime(2) and timer_gettime(2)
New and changed links
---------------------
timer_gettime.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new timer_settime.2
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Kir Kolyshkin
Trivial punctuation fixes in SEE ALSO
In SEE ALSO, when a few man pages are referenced, those
are divided by commas. Every reference is on a separate
line, and all lines but the last one should end with
comma. I spotted one place where there is no comma in
between references, and mocked up an awk script to find
similar places:
for f in man*/*; do
awk '
/^.SH ["]SEE ALSO["]/ {
sa=1; print "== " FILENAME " =="; print; next
}
/^\.(PP|SH)/ {
sa=0; no=0; next
}
/^\.BR/ {
if (sa==1) {
print;
if (no == 1)
print "Missing comma in " FILENAME " +" FNR-1; no=0
}
}
/^\.BR .*)$/ {
if (sa==1)
no=1;
next
}
/\.\\"/ {next}
/.*/ {
if (sa==1) {
print; next
}
}
' $f;
done | fgrep 'Missing comma'
This patch fixes all the places found by the above script.
Also, there is an extra dot at the end of uri.7 "SEE ALSO"
section. Removed as per man-pages(7) recommendation.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
getitimer.2
clock_getcpuclockid.3
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2)
getitimer.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rename arguments for consistency with other timer pages
Also some other minor wording improvements
splice.2
Mark Hills
ERRORS: Add EINVAL case for file opened O_APPEND
Target file cannot be opened in append (O_APPEND) mode
In kernels prior to v2.6.27 splice() to a file in
append mode is broken, and since that version it is
disallowed. It is possible this behaviour may change
in the future; see the kernel commit message
(efc968d450e013049a662d22727cf132618dcb2f) for more
information.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getpmsg(2) and putmsg(2) are unimplemented
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EFAULT
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rename timerfd_settime() 'curr_value' arg to 'old_value'
For consistency with related pages.
vm86.2
Parag Warudkar
CONFORMING TO: Add 32-bit specific
Note that this call is only on *32-bit* Intel
mq_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add ENOENT error for name == "/"
mq_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EACCES error for name containing > 1 slash
sem_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL error where name == "/"
sem_open.3
Jens Thoms Toerring
Add case of non-well-formed name to ENOENT
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify rules for construction of shared memory object names
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
Reported by: Goerghe Cosorea <gheorghe.coserea@gmail.com>
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Put /proc/modules entry in correct alphabetical order
ascii.7
Kir Kolyshkin
Fix formatting of tables on second page to use monospaced font
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify construction rules for message queue object names
sem_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify construction rules for semaphore object names
See also http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux.development.apps/browse_thread/thread/b4a67caa765cb65f
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.20 ====================
Released: 2009-03-31, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org>
Américo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@systemhalted.org>
Chunming Chang <cchang@aerohive.com>
Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
Eelco Dolstra <e.dolstra@tudelft.nl>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
Johannes Stezenbach <js@sig21.net>
Leandro A. F. Pereira <leandro@tia.mat.br>
Martin Gebert <martin.gebert@alpha-bit.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike O'Connor <stew@vireo.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@femur.dyndns.org>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Simon Gomizelj <simongmzlg@gmail.com>
Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org>
Teddy Hogeborn <teddy@fukt.bsnet.se>
Walter Jontofsohn <wjontofs@atriumberlin.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
cpuid.4
Andi Kleen
New page for cpuid access device
msr.4
Andi Kleen
New page documenting x86 CPU MSR access device
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
proc.5
Américo Wang
Document /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sysrq-trigger
Global changes
--------------
timer_create.2
timer_delete.2
timer_getoverrun.2
timer_settime.2
numa.7
Michael Kerrisk
Make source layout of 'Link with' text consistent with other pages
No actual change to formatted output, but this makes the
page sources more consistent for the purpose of grepping, etc.
mempcpy.3
signbit.3
significand.3
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: acknowledge FSF in copyright
These pages are heavily based on original material in
glibc info pages, but the comments in the source of the pages
did not acknowledge the FSF copyright on the original material.
Fix that.
accept.2
read.2
recv.2
send.2
write.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix discussion of EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK errors
For a non-blocking socket, POSIX.1-2001/2008 allow either
EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK to be returned in cases where a call
would have blocked. Although these constants are defined
with the same value on most Linux architectures (PA-RISC
is the exception), POSIX.1 does not require them to have
the same value. Therefore, a portable application using
the sockets API should test for both errors when checking
this case.
(NB POSIX.1 only mentions EWOULDBLOCK in the context of
the sockets interfaces.)
Change made after a note cross-posted on linux-arch@vger,
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.debian.ports.hppa/5615
and a suggestion for write(2) from Carlos O'Donell
basename.3
getgrent.3
getgrnam.3
getpwent.3
getpwnam.3
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that returned pointer should not be given to free()
armscii-8.7
cp1251.7
iso_8859-10.7
iso_8859-11.7
iso_8859-13.7
iso_8859-14.7
iso_8859-15.7
iso_8859-16.7
iso_8859-2.7
iso_8859-3.7
iso_8859-4.7
iso_8859-5.7
iso_8859-6.7
iso_8859-7.7
iso_8859-8.7
iso_8859-9.7
koi8-r.7
koi8-u.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add explicit character set encoding to first line of source
Nowadays mandb has provision to understand a character set
encoding that is explicitly indicated in the first line
of the source. As pointed out by Colin Watson, including
such an explicit indication on pages encoded in anything
other than ISO 8859-1 or UTF-8 is useful for man-pages
that aren't shipped in UTF-8.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519209
and for some other background (responded to by Colin Watson
in the above report):
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.internationalization.linux/6040
("man page encoding", 5 Jul 2005)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
VERSIONS: glibc support is provided since version 2.10
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of EWOULDBLOCK from discussion of mandatory locking
In the kernel, the error on encountering a mandatory lock is
EAGAIN. Although EAGAIN and EWOULDBLOCK are the same on
most Linux architectures, on some they are not, so don't
mention EWOULDBLOCK as it is misleading. (Mea culpa.)
getcontext.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of getcontext()
getitimer.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends POSIX timers API instead of this API
gettimeofday.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends clock_gettime() instead of this API
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note use of 'data' for PTRACE_SYS{CALL,EMU} and PTRACE_*_SINGLESTEP
These operations use the 'data' argument as a signal number,
like PTRACE_CONT.
ptrace.2
Mike Frysinger
only reference <sys/user.h>
The kernel no longer installs linux/user.h, so update
references to sys/user.h.
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add 'iovec' defn to defn of 'msghdr' structure
The 'msghdr' structure includes a field of type 'iovec',
so show the definition of that structure in this page.
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make ENOENT description consistent with POSIX.1-2008
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'flags' for timer_settime()
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Fix description of feature test macro requirements
After a report by Arvid Norlander.
bcopy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 removes specification of bcopy()
bsd_signal.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sigaction(2) instead of this API
ctime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends strftime(3) instead of these functions
ecvt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sprintf(3) instead of these functions
gcvt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sprintf(3) instead of this function
getcwd.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getcwd() should be used instead of the obsolete getwd()
getgrent.3
Michael Kerrisk
Returned buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by
later calls
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1-2008 recommends getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3) instead
getnetent_r.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix function name in text: s/getnetbynumber_r/getnetbyaddr_r/
The SYNOPSIS showed the right function name (getnetbyaddr_r),
but the text repeatedly used the wrong name (getnetbynumber_r).
Probably, this was a cut-and-paste error.
getpwent.3
Michael Kerrisk
Returned buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by
later calls
index.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends strchr(3) and strrchr(3) instead
isalpha.3
Michael Kerrisk
Explain why POSIX.1-2008 marks isascii(3) obsolete
lockf.3
Nikanth Karthikesan
Update pointer to documentation in kernel source
makecontext.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends the use of POSIX threads instead
mq_notify.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document the POSIX.1-2008 optional EINVAL error
POSIX.1-2008 allows an optional EINVAL error if
notification==NULL and the caller is not currently
registered to receive notifications.
posix_fallocate.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that EINVAL also occurs of 'len' *equals* zero
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12919
posix_fallocate.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 specifications for EINVAL error
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12919
posix_memalign.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document handling of size==0 case for posix_memalign()
pthread_exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix error in DESCRIPTION: s/pthread_create/pthread_exit/
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rework resolved_path==NULL discussion w.r.t. POSIX.1-200[18]
Although the page already mentioned the resolved_path==NULL
feature, and that this feature was added in POSIX.1-2008, there
was still some crufty text in BUGS that hadn't been updated to
reflect the POSIX.1-2008 changes.
Also, some other minor wording and grammar fixes.
scalb.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends scalbln*(3) instead
seekdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Fix type of 'offset' argument: s/off_t/long/
And add a NOTES section pointing out that 'off_t'
was indeed used in glibc 2.1.1 and earlier.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519230
sem_post.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document EOVERFLOW error
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Recast discussion on name length to exclude terminating NULL byte
Probably it's clearer to describe the length of the IPC object
name as a count that excludes the null terminator.
siginterrupt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sigaction() instead
sigset.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note APIs that POSIX.1-2008 recommends instead of these obsolete APIs
strftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Small fix to description of %G
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=516677
strftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add details on ISO 8601 week-based dates
ISO 8602 week-based dates are relevant for %G, %g, and %V,
and the existing details on these dates are a little thin.
strftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of year from ISO 8601 standard
The text mentioned the 1988 8601 standard, but there have
already been two revisions of the standard since then, so
simply remove mention of the year.
telldir.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Fix return type: s/off_t/long/
And add a NOTES section pointing out that 'off_t'
was indeed used in glibc 2.1.1 and earlier.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519230
timeradd.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that on some systems, <=, >=, == don't work for timercmp()
timeradd.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Fix return types of timerisset() and timercmp()
toascii.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note why POSIX.1-2008 marks this function obsolete
console_ioctl.4
Alan Curry
Fix 'argp' type for KDGETLED description
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=517485
group.5
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor rewordings and improvements
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'ip6-bytestring' option
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'edns0' option
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'ip6-dotint' / 'no-ip6-dotint' option
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Note that maximum value of 'ndots' option is capped to 15
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Note that maximum value of 'timeout' option is capped to 30
hier.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of /srv
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=520904
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix type used to declare sin6_port
The page should use the type specified by POSIX,
rather than the (equivalent) type used in the kernel
ipv6.7
Teddy Hogeborn
Fix types used to declare sin6_family and sin6_port
The page should use the types specified by POSIX,
rather than the (equivalent) types used in the kernel.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=517074
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Recast discussion on name length to exclude terminating NULL byte
Probably it's clearer to describe the length of the IPC object
name as a count that excludes the null terminator.
rtld-audit.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that multiple libraries in LD_AUDIT doesn't work
This is reportedly fixed in glibc 2.10.
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=9733
sem_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix discussion of length of semaphore names
Because of the "sem." prefix added by glibc to a semaphore
name, the limit on the length of the name (excluding the
terminating null byte) is 251 characters.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.21 ====================
Released: 2009-04-15, Los Gatos
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Frank Dana <ferdnyc@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Roman Byshko <rbyshko@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_setconcurrency.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_setconcurrency(3) and
pthread_getconcurrency(3)
pthread_yield.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_yield(3)
New and changed links
---------------------
pthread_getconcurrency.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_setconcurrency(3)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
initrd.4
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor wording improvements
initrd.4
Frank Dana
Add missing word in description
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update for glibc 2.10 changes to <features.h>
From glibc 2.10, <features.h> understands the values 200809
for _POSIX_C_SOURCE and 700 for _XOPEN_SOURCE, and makes
corresponding changes to defaults for other feature test macros.
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
This example program makes it possible to explore what
feature test macros are set depending on the glibc version
and the macros that are explicitly set.
ldconfig.8
Michael Kerrisk
/etc/ld.so.conf also include libraries found in /lib and /usr/lib
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.22 ====================
Released: 2009-07-25, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Adrian Dewhurst <sailor@sailorfrag.net>
Alexander Lamaison <awl03@doc.ic.ac.uk>
Bryan Østergaard <kloeri@exherbo.org>
Christopher Head <chead@telus.net>
Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org>
Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>
Gokdeniz Karadag <gokdenizk@gmail.com>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Reimar Döffinger <Reimar.Doeffinger@gmx.de>
Ricardo Garcia <rg3.zeluan@gmail.com>
Rui Rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com>
Shachar Shemesh <shachar@debian.org>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
ku roi <kuroibox@yahoo.de>
sobtwmxt <sobtwmxt@sdf.lonestar.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite crufty text about number of args in older version of clone()
Some bit rot had crept in regarding the discussion of the
number of arguments in older versions of this syscall.
Simplify the text to just say that Linux 2.4 and earlier
didn't have ptid, tls, and ctid arguments.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533868
Michael Kerrisk
Fix version number for CLONE_NEWIPC
It's 2.6.19, not 2.4.19.
Michael Kerrisk
Fix errors in argument names in text (ptid, ctd)
execve.2
Mike Frysinger
Remove erroneous statement that pending signal set is cleared
on execve(2).
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
The kernel source file mandatory.txt is now mandatory-locking.txt
Michael Kerrisk
The Documentation/* files are now in Documentation/filesystems
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded reference to Documentation/mandatory.txt
Mandatory locks are only implemented by fcntl() locking
Michael Kerrisk
The Documentation/* files are now in Documentation/filesystems
fork.2
Jeff Moyer
Document fork() behaviour for the Linux native AIO io_context
It was noted on lkml that the fork behaviour is documented
for the POSIX AIO calls, but not for the Linux native calls.
Here is a patch which adds a small blurb that folks will
hopefully find useful.
Upon fork(), the child process does not inherit the
io_context_t data structures returned by io_setup,
and thus cannot submit further asynchronous I/O or
reap event completions for said contexts.
getdents.2
Michael Kerrisk
The d_type field is fully supported on Btrfs
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document MS_STRICTATIME, update description of MS_RELATIME
Starting with Linux 2.6.30, the MS_RELATIME behavior became
the default, and MS_STRICTATIME is required to obtain the
traditional semantics.
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove EBADF error from ERRORS
As reported by Motohiro:
"man poll" describe this error code.
>ERRORS
> EBADF An invalid file descriptor was given in one of the sets.
but current kernel implementation ignore invalid file descriptor,
not return EBADF.
...
In the other hand, SUSv3 talk about
> POLLNVAL
> The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the
> revents member; it shall ignored in the events member.
and
> If the value of fd is less than 0, events shall be ignored, and
> ireevents shall be set to 0 in that entry on return from poll().
but, no desribe EBADF.
(see http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/poll.html)
So, I think the implementation is correct.
Why don't we remove EBADF description?
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Expand description of si_utime and si_stime fields of siginfo_t
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Improve wording of ENOTDIR error
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add preadv() and pwritev(), new in kernel 2.6.30
wait.2
Gokdeniz Karadag
Document CLD_DUMPED and CLD_TRAPPED si_code values
daemon.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify discussion of 'noclose' and 'nochdir' arguments
ffs.3
Petr Baudis
SEE ALSO: add memchr(3)
fmemopen.3
Petr Baudis
Relocate BUGS section to correct position
Petr Baudis
NOTES: there is no file descriptor associated with the returned stream
Alexander Lamaison pointed out that this is not obvious
from the documentation, citing an example with passing the
FILE * handle to a function that tries to fstat() its
fileno() in order to determine the buffer size.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: remove note that these functions are GNU extensions
That sentence is now redundant, since these functions
are added in POSIX.1-2008.
lockf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify relationship between fcntl() and lockf() locking
memchr.3
Petr Baudis
SEE ALSO: add ffs(3)
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
The d_type field is fully supported on Btrfs
setjmp.3
Mike Frysinger
Fix typo and clarify RETURN description
The word "signal" was duplicated in NOTES, and the RETURN
section refers to setjmp() and sigsetjmp(), and mentions
longjmp(), but not siglongjmp().
strcmp.3
Petr Baudis
SEE ALSO: add strverscmp(3)
strcpy.3
Mark Hills
SEE ALSO: Add strdup(3)
complex.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing header file for example program
Reimar Döffinger
Fix type used in example code
man complex (from release 3.18) contains the following code:
complex z = cexp(I * pi);
Reading the C99 standard, "complex" is not a valid type,
and several compilers (Intel ICC, ARM RVCT) will refuse to compile.
It should be
double complex z = cexp(I * pi); instead.
environ.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that last element in environ array is NULL
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528628
Michael Kerrisk
Wording fixes
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that mkdir and mount commands here need superuser privilege
Michael Kerrisk
Fix example showing contents of /dev/mqueue file
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove references to dated books
Gallmeister and Lewine are rather old books. Probably,
there are better books to consult nowadays, and anyway,
this man page isn't intended to be a bibliography.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.23 ====================
Released: 2009-09-30, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Aaron Gardner <aaron.j.gardner@gmail.com>
Andrey Vihrov <vihrov@gmail.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
Leslie P. Polzer <sky@viridian-project.de>
Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Siward de Groot <siward@ziggo.nl>
rui rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
execve.2
pipe.2
tee.2
fmemopen.3
mq_notify.3
qsort.3
Michael Kerrisk
Replace use of assert() by code that checks argc
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13569
As noted by Andrey:
The purpose of the assert macro, defined in <assert.h>,
is to provide a tool to check for programming mistakes
or program logic errors. However, the assert macro must
never be used to perform checks for run time errors,
since, with the NDEBUG macro defined, expressions within
the assert macro invocations are not evaluated/checked
for, resulting in behavior that was not originally intended.
...
The pages affected in the core package are
execve(2)
pipe(2)
tee(2)
fmemopen(3)
mq_notify(3)
qsort(3)
getrusage.2
Michael Kerrisk
ru_inblock and ru_oublock are now implemented
These fields of the rusage structure are filled in since
Linux 2.6.22.
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add brief documentation of MAP_HUGETLB
This flag is new in 2.6.32, and serves a similar
purpose to the shmget() SHM_HUGETLB flag.
open.2
Christoph Hellwig
add some comments on O_SYNC and friends
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording describing of 'nfds' argument.
reported by: rui rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com>
semctl.2
Nicolas François
Remove some redundant words
setpgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add an explanation of orphaned process groups
splice.2
tee.2
vmsplice.2
Mark Hills
Fix return type
Since glibc 2.7, the return type for these functions
is ssize_t (formerly it was long).
stat.2
Nicolas François
Fix small bug in example program
Since it is a failure, EXIT_FAILURE looks more appropriate
than EXIT_SUCCESS.
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc only exposes MNT_DETACH and MNT_EXPIRE since version 2.11
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10092
exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add a pointer to explanation of orphaned process groups in setpgid(2)
fflush.3
Michael Kerrisk
fflush() discards buffered input
ffs.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that ffsl() and ffsll() are GNU extensions
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note nonstandard assumed hints.ai_flags value when hints is NULL
When hints is NULL, glibc assumes hints.ai_flags is
AI_V4MAPPED|AI_ADDRCONFIG whereas POSIX says 0.
According to Ulrich Drepper, glibc's behavior is better.
getmntent.3
Mike Frysinger
setmntent() argument is 'filename' not 'fp'
The description of setmntent() formerly used the wrong
argument name.
posix_fallocate.3
Nicolas François
Fix reference to POSIX.1-2008
The sentence mentions twice POSIX.1-2001.
I guess the second one should be POSIX.1-2008.
This should be checked in the standard.
setenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
Improve ERRORS section
Add ENOMEM error; improve EINVAL description. Also, make
RETURN VALUE section a little more accurate in its mention
of errno.
strftime.3
Nicolas François
Fix error in description: s/Monday/Thursday/
proc.5
Nicolas François
Fix page cross reference
max_user_watches is better explained in epoll(7) than inotify(7).
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
dmesg is in section 1, not section 8
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
FS UID manipulations affect CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE and CAP_MKNOD
Nowadays, file system UID manipulations also affect
CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE (since 2.6.3) and CAP_MKNOD (since 2.6.29).
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix version number for CAP_MKNOD in FS UID manipulations
A recent patch said "since 2.6.29". It should have
been "since 2.6.30".
capabilities.7
Nicolas François
Reword a bad sentence in description of capability bounding set.
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Change documented ranges for msg_max and msgsize_max
Linux 2.6.28 changed the permissible ranges for
these /proc files.
tcp.7
udp.7
Nicolas François
Replace references to syctl interfaces with /proc
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.24 ====================
Released: 2010-02-25, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Ansgar Burchardt <ansgar@2008.43-1.org>
Bela Lubkin <filbo@armory.com>
Bill O. Gallmeister <bog.kernel@gmail.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Doug Manley <doug.manley@gmail.com>
Edward Welbourne <eddy@opera.com>
Fang Wenqi <anton.fang@gmail.com>
Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net>
Garrett Cooper <yaneurabeya@yahoo.com>
Ihar Hrachyshka <ihar.hrachyshka@gmail.com>
Jann Poppinga <jann.poppinga@gmx.de>
Jason Goldfine-Middleton <jasonwoodfine@gmail.com>
Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Kevin <tsubasa.xw@gmail.com>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Markus Peuhkuri <puhuri@iki.fi>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Sam Liao <phyomh@gmail.com>
Samy Al Bahra <sbahra@repnop.org>
Stuart Kemp <skemp@alertlogic.com>
sunjiangangok <sunjiangangok@gmail.com>
Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@bugol.de>
Vlastimil Babka <caster@gentoo.org>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
add_key.2
David Howells
New page documenting add_key(2)
Taken from keyutils-1.1 package.
keyctl.2
David Howells
New page documenting keyctl(2)
Taken from keyutils-1.1 package.
request_key.2
David Howells
New page documenting request_key(2)
Taken from keyutils-1.1 package.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/non-root/unprivileged/
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/non-privileged/unprivileged/
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: /non-superuser/unprivileged user/
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
s/non-/non/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/re-/re/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes
like "re-" etc.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/multi-/multi/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes
like "multi-" etc.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/pre-/pre/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes
like "pre-" etc.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/sub-/sub/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes
like "sub-" etc.
stime.2
time.2
utimensat.2
ctime.3
difftime.3
ftime.3
getspnam.3
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
rtime.3
sem_wait.3
strftime.3
strptime.3
timeradd.3
rtc.4
core.5
proc.5
icmp.7
time.7
Michael Witten
Global fix: Consistently define the Epoch
All definitions of the Epoch have been refactored to the following:
1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)
That form is more consistent, logical, precise, and internationally
recognizable than the other variants.
Also, some wording has been altered as well.
spu_create.2
getopt.3
passwd.5
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/non-existing/nonexistent/
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
futimesat.2
linkat.2
mkdirat.2
mknodat.2
openat.2
readlinkat.2
renameat.2
symlinkat.2
unlinkat.2
utimensat.2
mkfifoat.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
Starting in glibc 2.10, defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700,
or _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809 exposes the declarations of
these functions.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update text on nonsetabble CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID clocks
SUSv3 permits, but does not require CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID to be settable.
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11972.
execve.2
Colin Watson
Fix description of treatment of caught signals
Caught signals reset to their default on an execve() (not
to being ignored).
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
s/F_OWNER_GID/F_OWNER_PGRP/
Peter Zijlstra took the name change I suggested.
Michael Kerrisk
Document F_[SG]ETOWN_EX; update details on F_SETOWN
Linux 2.6.32 adds F_SETOWN_EX and F_GETOWN_EX.
Linux 2.6.12 changed (broke) the former behavior of
F_SETOWN with respect to threads.
intro.2
intro.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make subsection heading consistent with other intro.? pages
These pages used "Copyright Terms"; the other intro.? pages
used "Copyright Conditions". Make these pages like the others.
sendfile.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify behavior when 'offset' is NULL
seteuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note unstandardized behavior for effective ID
POSIX.1 doesn't require that the effective ID can be changed
to the same value it currently has (a no-op). The man page
should note this, since some other implementations
don't permit it.
setgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix EPERM error description
s/effective group ID/real group ID/
This bug lived in man pages for 15 years before Jason
spotted it! I checked back in Linux 1.0, and the behavior
was as the fixed man page describes.
setreuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail on POSIX.1 specification for these syscalls
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty statement that seteuid() is not in POSIX
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=569812
stime.2
strftime.3
tzset.3
zic.8
Michael Witten
GMT -> UTC (where appropriate)
sync_file_range.2
Christoph Hellwig
Add some big warnings re data integrity
This system call is by design completely unsuitable for any data
integrity operations. Make that very clear in the manpage.
CPU_SET.3
Vlastimil Babka
SYNOPSIS: Fix return types for CPU_COUNT_*()
These functions return 'int' not void'.
confstr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macro requirements
daemon.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of 'nochdir' argument.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=554819
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror()
Since glibc 2.8, one of _BSD_SOURCE, _SVID_SOURCE,
or _GNU_SOURCE is required.
getline.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update to reflect that these functions were standardized in POSIX.1-2008
getnameinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document feature test macros requirements for NI_MAXHOST and NI_MAXSERV
Since glibc 2.8, one of _BSD_SOURCE, _SVID_SOURCE, or _GNU_SOURCE
must be defined to obtain these definitions.
getopt.3
Jonathan Nieder
Fix feature test macro requirements
memchr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements for memrchr()
nextafter.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix notable error in DESCRIPTION.
"less than y" should be "less than x".
popen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macro requirements
pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
Denis Barbier
Argument name is 'attr' not 'thread'
The function argument was misnamed in the DESCRIPTION on these
three pages.
rtnetlink.3
Michael Kerrisk
Various fixes in example code
Edward reported a problem in the example code, where a variable
seems to be misnamed. Upon inspection, there seem to be a few
such instances, and this patch is my best guess at how things
should look.
sched_getcpu.3
Michael Kerrisk
Place correct header file in SYNOPSIS
sleep.3
Bill O. Gallmeister
sleep() puts calling *thread* to sleep (not calling *process*)
sleep.3
Bill O. Gallmeister
Add nanosleep(2) to SEE ALSO
strftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
%z is defined in SUSv3
So, substitute "GNU" tag in man page by "SU".
strftime.3
Michael Witten
Move 822-compliant date format example to EXAMPLES section
The RFC 822-compliant date format given in the description
of `%z' is now moved to the `EXAMPLES' section (note: `EXAMPLE'
has been renamed `EXAMPLES').
Furthermore, that format example is now actually
RFC 822-compliant (using `%y' instead of `%Y') and has been
qualified as being correct only when in the context of at least
an English locale. Also, `%T' is used in place of `%H:%M:%S'.
For completeness, an RFC 2822-compliant format example has been
similarly added.
strftime.3
Michael Witten
Expand introductory text
strftime.3
Michael Witten
Clarification of %z specifier
string.3
Mark Hills
Add stpcpy() to this list of string functions
strptime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Initialize tm structure in example program
undocumented.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove pages now documented
By now, the following are documented:
fopencookie(3)
freeifaddrs(3)
rawmemchr(3)
readdir_r(3)
getutmp(3)
getutmpx(3)
utmpxname(3)
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=554819
group.5
Michael Kerrisk
s/passwd/password/
The page inconsistently used "passwd" and "password"
to refer to the same field.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update securebits discussion to use SECBIT_* flags
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200808 defines _ATFILE_SOURCE
Since glibc 2.10, _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200808 defines _ATFILE_SOURCE
path_resolution.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add readlink(2) to SEE ALSO
Michael Kerrisk
Fix NAME line
The poorly constructed part preceding "\-" causes apropos
not to be able to find the subject.
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=558300
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix discussion of SIGUNUSED
Clarify that this signal really is synonymous with SIGSYS.
See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14449
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.25 ====================
Released: 2010-06-20, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andrew Klossner <andrew@cesa.opbu.xerox.com>
André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Bo Borgerson <gigabo@gmail.com>
Christian Franke <nobody@nowhere.ws>
Daisuke HATAYAMA <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com>
David Sommerseth <davids@redhat.com>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
Fang Wenqi <anton.fang@gmail.com>
Francesco Cosoleto <cosoleto@gmail.com>
Gernot Tenchio <gernot@tenchio.de>
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Ivana Hutarova Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Jan Blunck <jblunck@novell.com>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jeff Barry <JeffBatHome@myletters.us>
Manfred Schwarb <manfred99@gmx.ch>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mihai Paraschivescu <paraschivescu_mihail@yahoo.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@madism.org>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Robert Wohlrab <robert.wohlrab@gmx.de>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
Tom Swigg <swiggtc@lsbu.ac.uk>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
migrate_pages.2
Andi Kleen
New page documenting migrate_pages(2).
Andi's text based on the move_pages.2 page;
additional edits by mtk.
migrate_pages(2) was new in Linux 2.6.16.
quotactl.2
Jan Kara
Major updates
Update the page to consolidate information from the
outdated man-pages quotactl.2 page and the quotactl.2
page in the "quota-tools" package. The page in "quota-tools"
has now been dropped by Jan Kara, so that there is just one
canonical quotactl.2 page (in pan-pages).
Michael Kerrisk
Various other pieces added to the page by mtk.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document F_SETPIPE_SZ and F_GETPIPE_SZ
These commands, new in kernel 2.6.35, set and get the capacity
of pipes.
madvise.2
Andi Kleen
Document MADV_HWPOISON
Michael Kerrisk
Added documentation of MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE
These flags (used for Kernel Samepage Merging, KSM)
are new in 2.6.32.
Andi Kleen
Document MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE
This operation was added in Linux 2.6.33.
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag
New in Linux 2.6.33.
prctl.2
Andi Kleen
Document the hwpoison prctls in 2.6.32
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK
New in Linux 2.6.32
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW
New in Linux 2.6.34.
mkstemp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document mkstemps() and mkostemps()
These functions are new in glibc 2.11. They allow the template
string to include a suffix after the "XXXXXX" string.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill
New in 2.6.32. Description based on the text in
Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_recovery
New in Linux 2.6.32. Description based on the text in
Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size
socket.7
Jan Engelhardt
Document SO_DOMAIN and SO_PROTOCOL
These read-only socket options were new in Linux 2.6.32.
New and changed links
---------------------
fstatvfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust link to point to Section 3
fstatvfs.3
statvfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to page relocated to Section 3
mkstemps.3
mkostemps.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to mkstemp.3
mkstemp.3 now describes mkstemps(3) and mkostemps(3).
timer_create.2
timer_delete.2
timer_getoverrun.2
timer_settime.2
getline.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add 'L' to constants in feature test macro specifications
Be consistent with POSIX, which uses constants such as 200809L.
Global changes
--------------
open.2
sync_file_range.2
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/filesystem/file system/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc 2.11 papers over the kernel F_GETOWN bug
Since version 2.11, glibc works around the kernel limitation for
process groups IDs < 4096 by implementing F_GETOWN via F_GETOWN_EX.
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
Various fixes in SEE ALSO
getpriority.2
nice.2
Francesco Cosoleto
Move renice from section 8 to section 1
getrusage.2
Mark Hills
Add ru_maxrss
See kernel commit 1f10206.
Mark Hills
Description of maintained fields
These descriptions are taken from NetBSD 5.0's getrusage(2).
Michael Kerrisk
Enhanced description of various fields
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/status VmLck shows how much memory a process has locked
After a note from Tom Swigg, it seems sensible mention VmLck here.
mount.2
Petr Uzel
Fix incorrect path
move_pages.2
Andi Kleen
Clarify includes/libraries
mremap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify existence of fifth argument.
msgctl.2
semctl.2
shmctl.2
Francesco Cosoleto
Move ipcs from section 8 to section 1
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ambiguity in text on NFS and O_EXCL.
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix discussion of ppoll() timeout argument
1. Rename ppoll)(_ argument to "timeout_ts" to distinguish it
from the poll() argument in the text.
2. More accurately describe the poll() call that is equivalent
to ppoll().
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add sync_file_range(2) under SEE ALSO
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct PR_SET_KEEPCAPS description
The "keep capabilities" flag only affects the treatment of
permitted capabilities, not effective capabilities.
Also: other improvements to make the PR_SET_KEEPCAPS text clearer.
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix bug in example program
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT to si_code values for SIGTRAP
Michael Kerrisk
Rearrange text describing fields set by sigqueue(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add details for signals sent by POSIX message queue notifications
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of various siginfo_t fields
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details for SIGTRAP and si_trapno
Andi Kleen
Document hwpoison signal extensions
statfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Bring statfs struct type declarations closer to glibc reality
Fang Wenqi
Add definition EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xEF53
Michael Kerrisk
Document f_frsize field.
statvfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move this page to section 3 (since it's a library call)
swapon.2
Ivana Hutarova Varekova
Note effect of CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE on MAX_SWAPFILES
From 2.6.32, MAX_SWAPFILES is decreased by 1 if the kernel is
built with CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Bring system call list up to date with Linux 2.6.33
Michael Kerrisk
Fix kernel version number for utimes()
cproj.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note fix for C99 conformance in glibc 2.12.
crypt.3
Petr Baudis
Correct note on key portion significance
As Marcel Moreaux notes:
The Linux manpage for crypt()[1] contains the following
statement as the last sentence of the NOTES section:
In the SHA implementation the entire key is significant
(instead of only the first 8 bytes in MD5).
It should probably say "DES" where it says "MD5" (and maybe
"MD5/SHA" where it says "SHA"), because in MD5 password hashing,
the entire key is significant, not just the first 8 bytes.
This patch fixes the wording.
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Bug fix in example program
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that if 'fn' changes CWD, the results are undefined
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description of fpath argument
As reported by Pierre Habouzit, 'fpath' is not relative
to 'dirpath'. It is either relative to the calling process's
current working directory (if 'dirpath' was relative), or it
is absolute (if 'dirpath' was absolute).
getaddrinfo.3
Christian Franke
Fix a field name mixup: s/ai_family/ai_flags/
getline.3
Robert Wohlrab
Remove unneeded check before free()
The manpage of getline shows an example with an extra NULL pointer
check before it calls free. This is unneeded according to free(3):
If ptr is NULL, no operation is performed.
This patch removes the "if" check.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572508
log.3
log10.3
log2.3
Jan Engelhardt
Add cross-references to other-base logarithmic functions
opendir.3
Petr Baudis
Specify feature test macro requirements for fdopendir(3)
Currently, there is no note on the fact that fdopendir() is
POSIX.2008-only.
openpty.3
Eric Blake
Use const as appropriate
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc version that added "const" to function arguments
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note that these functions are not in POSIX
resolver.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix declaration of dn_comp() in SYNOPSIS
Remove the second 'exp_dn' from the calling signature.
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change NOFLSH text to speak of characters, not signals
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Update description of coredump_filter
Kernel 2.6.24 added MMF_DUMP_ELF_HEADERS.
Kernel 2.6.28 added MMF_DUMP_HUGETLB_PRIVATE and
MMF_DUMP_HUGETLB_SHARED.
elf.5
Daisuke HATAYAMA
Document PN_XNUM extension
In linux-2.6.34-rc1, an ELF core extension was added; user-land
tools manipulating ELF core dump such as gdb and binutils has
already been modified before; so elf.5 needs to be modified
accordingly.
You can follow information on the ELF extension via the LKML post:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/1/3/103
Date Mon, 04 Jan 2010 10:06:07 +0900 (JST)
Subject ... elf coredump: Add extended numbering support
This Linux-specific extension was added in kernel 2.6.34.
Reviewed-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Michael Kerrisk
Remove EI_BRAND
As reported by Yuri Kozlov and confirmed by Mike Frysinger,
EI_BRAND is not in GABI
(http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html)
It looks to be a BSDism
Michael Kerrisk
Remove words under '.note': "described below"
The existing text is broken, because there is
no '"Note Section" format' describe below. Simplest
solution is to remove the words "described below".
filesystems.5
Jeff Barry
Add discussion of ntfs and ext4
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify description of /proc/sys and /proc/sys/fs
In the description of these directories, there's no need
to list all the files and subdirectories that they contain;
that information is provided by the entries that follow.
services.5
Yuri Kozlov
Remove crufty reference to nonexistent BUGS section
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document CAP_SYS_RESOURCE and F_SETPIPE_SZ
With CAP_SYS_RESOURCE, a process can increase pipe capacity above
/proc/sys/ps/pipe-max-size.
Michael Kerrisk
Add get_robust_list() info under CAP_SYS_PTRACE
Michael Kerrisk
Add MADV_HWPOISON under CAP_SYS_ADMIN
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Make a clearer statement about nonportable aspect of signal(2)
Make a clearer statement that signal(2) is less portable for
establishing a signal handler.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
Use consistent language to describe read-only socket options
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add FIONREAD warning.
Warn that FIONREAD can't distinguish case of a zero-length
datagram from the case where no datagrams are available.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.26 ====================
Released: 2010-09-04, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander Shishkin <virtuoso@slind.org>
Brian Sutin <Brian.Sutin@hs.utc.com>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Jianhua Li <jhlicc@gmail.com>
Linus Nilsson <lajnold@gmail.com>
Lenaic Huard <lenaic.huard@laposte.net>
Mac <mac@mcrowe.com>
Martin Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Nicholas Hunt <nhunt@cs.washington.edu>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Stuge <peter@stuge.se>
Przemyslaw Szczepaniak <Przemyslaw.Szczepaniak@imgtec.com>
Scott Walls <sawalls@umich.edu>
TAN Yee Fan <tanyeefa@comp.nus.edu.sg>
Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Yitzchak Gale <gale@sefer.org>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
eventfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EFD_SEMAPHORE
Document the EFD_SEMAPHORE flag, added in kernel 2.6.30.
Also restructured some parts of the text to fit with the
addition of the EFD_SEMAPHORE text.
Global changes
--------------
getaddrinfo.3
getipnodebyname.3
st.4
Michael Kerrisk
s/logical OR/bitwise OR/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix discussion of return value when interrupted by a signal
epoll_ctl.2
Yuri Kozlov
Small fix to types in data structures
eventfd.2
Alexander Shishkin
Clarified close-on-exec behavior
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Improve discussion of MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE
mkdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add EMLINK error to ERRORS
mq_getsetattr.2
mq_close.3
mq_getattr.3
mq_notify.3
mq_send.3
mq_unlink.3
Lnac Huard
Fix return type in SYNOPSIS (s/mqd_t/int/)
recv.2
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove obsolete reference to glibc version in NOTES
recv.2
send.2
Nicholas Hunt
Adjust type shown for msg_controllen to glibc reality
This patch fixes the type of msg_controllen in the struct msghdr
definition given in send.2 and recv.2 to match the definition in
glibc and the kernel.
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update NOTES on old glibc pselect()
Make it clear that modern glibc uses the kernel pselect()
on systems where it is available.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14411
statfs.2
Guillem Jover
Fix copy & paste error for __SWORD_TYPE definition
sysfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that this syscall is obsolete.
And strengthen recommendation to use /proc/filesystems instead.
write.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add EDESTADDRREQ error
a64l.3
Peng Haitao
Fix error in NOTES, s/a64l/l64a/
error.3
Linus Nilsson
Change "perror" to "strerror" in DESCRIPTION of error()
mq_send.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix EAGAIN description (s/empty/full)
initrd.4
Yuri Kozlov
Fix IP address in explanation of NFS example
tzfile.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add information on version 2 format timezone files
Updated using information from the tzcode 2010l release at
ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub.
(It's an open question whether or not a version of tzfile.5
should live independently in man-pages. It was added to the
man-pages set many years ago. For now, I'll follow a
conservative course that causes least pain to downstream,
by continuing to maintain a separate copy in man-pages.)
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=594219
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.27 ====================
Released: 2010-09-22, Nuernberg
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
caishuxian <caishuxian@gmail.com>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Denis Silakov <silakov@ispras.ru>
der Mouse <mouse@rodents-montreal.org>
Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
Jim Belton <jim.belton@gmail.com>
Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Matthew Flaschen <matthew.flaschen@gatech.edu>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Ozgur Gurcan <ozgur.gurcan@lpp.polytechnique.fr>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Remi Denis-Courmont <remi@remlab.net>
Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org>
Tim Stoakes <tim@stoakes.net>
W. Trevor King <wking@drexel.edu>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
sigevent.7
Petr Baudis, Michael Kerrisk
New page to centralize description of sigevent structure
Several interfaces use this structure. Best to centralize the
common details in one place. Content taken from the existing
timerfd_create.2 and mq_open.3 pages, with additions by
Petr Baudis and Michael Kerrisk.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
ip.7
Jiri Olsa
Document IP_NODEFRAG
This option is new in Linux 2.6.36
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document SIOCINQ ioctl() operation
Global changes
--------------
_exit.2
brk.2
chdir.2
chmod.2
chown.2
chroot.2
clock_nanosleep.2
getdtablesize.2
gethostname.2
getpagesize.2
getsid.2
killpg.2
mknod.2
mknodat.2
posix_fadvise.2
pread.2
readlink.2
setpgid.2
setreuid.2
sigaltstack.2
stat.2
symlink.2
sync.2
truncate.2
vfork.2
wait.2
wait4.2
a64l.3
abs.3
acos.3
acosh.3
asin.3
asinh.3
atan.3
atan2.3
atanh.3
atoi.3
cbrt.3
ceil.3
clock_getcpuclockid.3
copysign.3
cos.3
cosh.3
dirfd.3
div.3
dprintf.3
ecvt.3
erf.3
erfc.3
exp.3
exp2.3
expm1.3
fabs.3
fdim.3
fexecve.3
ffs.3
floor.3
fma.3
fmax.3
fmemopen.3
fmin.3
fmod.3
fpclassify.3
frexp.3
fwide.3
gamma.3
gcvt.3
getcwd.3
getdate.3
getgrent.3
gethostid.3
getpass.3
getpwent.3
getsubopt.3
getw.3
hypot.3
ilogb.3
insque.3
isalpha.3
isgreater.3
iswblank.3
j0.3
j0.3
ldexp.3
lockf.3
log.3
log10.3
log1p.3
log2.3
logb.3
lrint.3
lround.3
mbsnrtowcs.3
mkdtemp.3
mkstemp.3
mktemp.3
modf.3
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
nan.3
nextafter.3
posix_fallocate.3
posix_memalign.3
pow.3
printf.3
qecvt.3
random.3
realpath.3
remainder.3
remquo.3
rint.3
rint.3
round.3
scalb.3
scalbln.3
scanf.3
siginterrupt.3
signbit.3
sigset.3
sin.3
sinh.3
sqrt.3
stpcpy.3
stpncpy.3
strdup.3
strdup.3
strnlen.3
strsignal.3
strtod.3
strtol.3
strtoul.3
tan.3
tanh.3
tgamma.3
trunc.3
ttyslot.3
ualarm.3
usleep.3
wcpcpy.3
wcpncpy.3
wcscasecmp.3
wcsdup.3
wcsncasecmp.3
wcsnlen.3
wcsnrtombs.3
wprintf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add/fix/update feature test macro requirements in SYNOPSIS
Various changes to:
* Update feature test requirements to note changes in
recent glibc releases
* Correct errors in feature test macro requirements
* Add feature test macro requirements to pages where
the requirements were not previously stated.
accept.2
clone.2
dup.2
fallocate.2
pipe.2
readahead.2
sched_setaffinity.2
unshare.2
CPU_SET.3
endian.3
euidaccess.3
fexecve.3
getpt.3
getpw.3
getumask.3
getutmp.3
gnu_get_libc_version.3
makedev.3
matherr.3
mbsnrtowcs.3
memfrob.3
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_getattr_np.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
tcgetsid.3
wcscasecmp.3
wcsncasecmp.3
wcsnlen.3
wcsnrtombs.3
wcswidth.3
rtld-audit.7
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
These pages specify feature test macros in the function
prototypes. Add a reference to feature_test_macros(7),
so that readers are pointed to the information that
feature test macros must be defined before including
*any* header file.
clock_nanosleep.2
clock_getcpuclockid.3
getnetent_r.3
getprotoent_r.3
getrpcent_r.3
getservent_r.3
sigwait.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: Note that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS
fcntl.2
intro.2
open.2
poll.2
ftw.3
intro.3
matherr.3
system.3
tmpnam.3
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that feature test macros must be defined before *any* includes
Programmers often make the mistake of including a feature test
macro only after having already included some header files.
This patch adds some text at opportune places to remind
programmers to do things the right way.
index.3
stpcpy.3
strcasecmp.3
strcat.3
strchr.3
strcmp.3
strcoll.3
strcpy.3
strdup.3
strfry.3
strpbrk.3
strsep.3
strspn.3
strstr.3
strtok.3
strxfrm.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add reference to string(3)
The idea here is to provide a route to discover other
string functions.
armscii-8.7
cp1251.7
iso_8859-3.7
iso_8859-5.7
iso_8859-6.7
iso_8859-8.7
iso_8859-10.7
iso_8859-11.7
iso_8859-13.7
iso_8859-14.7
koi8-u.7
Denis Barbier
Fix decimal values in encoding tables
Octal and hexadecimal values are right, but there are some
off-by one errors in decimal values. Correct values are
printed by this command:
perl -pi -e 'if (s/^([0-7]+)\t([0-9]+)\t([0-9a-fA-F]+)//)
{printf "%03o\t%d\t%s", hex($3), hex($3), $3;};' man7/*.7
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "undef _POSIX_SOURCE"
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements for F_GETOWN and F_SETOWN
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note feature test macro requirements for F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document units for RLIMIT_RTTIME limit
This limit is in microseconds
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=596492
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
Removed note about return type on ancient systems
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Definitions of various MS_* constants only appeared in glibc 2.12
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11235
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update information on nanosecond timestamp fields
Update feature test macro requirements for exposing these fields.
Note that these fields are specified in POSIX.1-2008.
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Factor out generic material that was moved to new sigevent(7) page
aio_fsync.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to new sigevent(7) page
atanh.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.10 fixed pole error bug
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6759
was resolved.
cerf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clearer that this function is unimplemented
cos.3
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6780
was (silently) resolved.
expm1.3
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on a range error
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788
was (silently) resolved.
fmod.3
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to EDOM for the x==inf domain error
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6784
was (silently) resolved.
insque.3
Michael Kerrisk
Noted prev == NULL bug in glibc 2.4 and earlier
As noted by Remi Denis-Courmont, glibc nowadays allows
'prev' to be NULL, as required by POSIX for initializing
a linear list. But in glibc 2.4 and earlier, 'prev' could
not be NULL. Add a BUGS section noting this.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=551201
Michael Kerrisk
Added info on circular lists, and initializing circular lists
Michael Kerrisk
Added example program
lgamma.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.10 fixed pole error bug
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6777
was (silently) resolved.
log2.3
Matthew Flaschen
log2() function does not conform to C89
log2(), log2f(), and log2l() do not conform to C89.
They are defined in C99. See http://flash-gordon.me.uk/ansi.c.txt
and http://www.schweikhardt.net/identifiers.html
mq_notify.3
Michael Kerrisk
Factor out generic material that was moved to new sigevent(7) page
pow.3
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on a pole error
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6776
was (silently) resolved.
pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: Note meaning of "_np" suffix
rand.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description of range of returned value
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk
Expand description of rand_r()
random.3
W. Trevor King
Update initstate() return value description to match glibc
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS
rexec.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Add header file and feature test macro requirements
sigpause.3
Michael Kerrisk
Correct discussion of when BSD vs SysV version is used in glibc
sin.3
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6781
was (silently) resolved.
tan.3
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6782
was (silently) resolved.
wcscasecmp.3
wcsncasecmp.3
wcsnlen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Added VERSIONS section
boot.7
Yuri Kozlov
Update list of major Linux distributions
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Make text on required placement of macros more prominent
Move the text that notes the requirement that feature test macros
must be defined before including any header files to the top of
the page, and highlight the text further, so that the reader will
not miss this point.
pthreads.7
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add SEE ALSO reference to new sigevent(7) page
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify header file details for SIOCINQ and SIOCOUTQ
Also note synonymous FIONREAD and TIOCOUTQ.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.28 ====================
Released: 2010-10-04, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Landijk <landijk-user@yahoo.com>
Lennart Poettering <mzjro@0pointer.net>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
getaddrinfo_a.3
Petr Baudis
New page documenting getaddrinfo_a()
The page also documents gai_suspend(), gai_cancel(),
and gai_error().
aio.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page providing an overview of POSIX asynchronous I/O
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document execvpe()
This function was added to glibc in version 2.11.
Also various other small rewrites in the page.
New and changed links
---------------------
gai_cancel.3
gai_error.3
gai_suspend.3
Petr Baudis
New links to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page
error_one_per_line.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix misnamed link file (was error_on_per_line.3)
execvpe.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to exec.3
sigstack.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to sigaltstack.2
No new programs should use sigstack(3). Point the user to the
better sigaltstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3).
vlimit.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to getrlimit.2
No new programs should use vlimit(3). Point the user to the
better setrlimit(2), whose man page briefly mentions vlimit(3).
vtimes.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to getrusage.2
No new programs should use vtimes(3). Point the user to the
better getrusage(2), whose man page briefly mentions vtimes(3).
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Switch to American usage: "-wards" ==> "-ward"
American English uses "afterward" in preference to "afterwards",
and so on
chdir.2
chmod.2
chown.2
gethostname.2
getsid.2
pread.2
setpgid.2
sigaltstack.2
stat.2
truncate.2
wait.2
dirfd.3
getsubopt.3
mkdtemp.3
mkstemp.3
siginterrupt.3
strdup.3
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify feature test macro requirements
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of the ancient vlimit() function
getrusage.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of the ancient vtimes() function
io_cancel.2
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_submit.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add aio(7)
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: note that NULL 'param' yields EINVAL
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note feature test macro requirements for blkcnt_t and blksize_t
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize on name 'sevp' for sigevent argument
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct and simplify ftruncate() feature test macro requirements
The glibc 2.12 feature test macro requirements for ftruncate() are
buggy; see http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12037.
Corrected the requirements in the SYNOPSIS, and added a BUGS
section describing the problem in glibc 2.12.
aio_cancel.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to aio(7) for example program
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
aio_error.3
Michael Kerrisk
Wording improvements in RETURN VALUE
Add pointer to aio(7) for example program
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
aio_fsync.3
Michael Kerrisk
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
aio_read.3
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor rewordings and additions
Add pointer to sigevent(7) for details of notification of I/O completion
Add pointer to aio(7) for example program
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
aio_return.3
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description in RETURN VALUE
Add pointer to aio(7) for example program
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
aio_suspend.3
Michael Kerrisk
Various additions and rewordings.
Give some arguments more meaningful names.
More explicitly describe the 'nitems' argument.
Explicitly note that return is immediate if an I/O operation
has already completed.
Note that aio_error(3) should be used to scan the aiocb list
after a successful return.
Add references to other relevant pages.
Various other pieces rewritten.
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
aio_write.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to sigevent(7) for details of notification of I/O completion
Various minor rewordings and additions
Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section
clearenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix error in feature test macro requirements
dysize.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty statement about old SCO bug
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements for execvpe()
Rewrite description of PATH and mention _CS_PATH
Note execvp() and execlp() behavior for filename containing a slash
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add SEE ALSO reference to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix formatting of feature test macros
getw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macros
malloc.3
Landijk
Remove editorializing comments on memory overcommitting
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19332
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor reorganizations and wording fix-ups
mq_notify.3
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize on name 'sevp' for sigevent argument
nl_langinfo.3
Michael Haardt
Make it clear that nl_langinfo() interacts with setlocale()
Add an example program
posix_openpt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macro requirements
rand.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicate #include in example program
strtok.3
Petr Baudis
Add reference to strtok() example in getaddrinfo(3)
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Added section noting limitations and caveats of inotify
sigevent.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add SEE ALSO reference to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page
Add SEE ALSO referring to new aio(7) page
suffixes.7
Michael Kerrisk
Change explanation of ".rpm" to "RPM software package"
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.29 ====================
Released: 2010-10-19, Detroit
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Balazs Scheidler <bazsi@balabit.hu>
David Prevot <davidp@altern.org>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Lennart Poettering <mzxreary@0pointer.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>
Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
Thomas Jarosch <thomas.jarosch@intra2net.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
subpage_prot.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting the PowerPC-specific subpage_prot(2)
aio_init.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting aio_init(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the architecture-specific arm_fadvise64_64() system call
This ARM-specific system call fixes the argument ordering
for that architecture. Since Linux 2.6.14.
sync_file_range.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the architecture-specific sync_file_range2() system call
As described in commit edd5cd4a9424f22b0fa08bef5e299d41befd5622,
the sync_file_range() argument order is broken for some
architectures (PowerPC, ARM, tile). The remedy was a different
system call using the right argument order on those architectures.
psignal.3
Guillem Jover
Document psiginfo()
psiginfo() was added to glibc in version 2.10.
Michael Kerrisk
Add details, VERSIONS, and BUGS for psiginfo()
ip.7
Balazs Scheidler
Document IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR
Document IP_TRANSPARENT
Michael Kerrisk
Document IP_FREEBIND
Text based on input from Lennart Poettering and Balazs Scheidler.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20082
New and changed links
---------------------
arm_fadvise64_64.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to posix_fadvise.2
arm_sync_file_range.2, sync_file_range2.2
Michael Kerrisk
New links to sync_file_range.2
arrm_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to posix_fadvise.2
psiginfo.3
Guillem Jover
New link to psignal.3
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
Michael Kerrisk
global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/pseudo-terminal/pseudoterminal/
grantpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/pty/pseudoterminal/
recv.2, cmsg.3, unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
global fix: s/UNIX socket/UNIX domain socket/
fmtmsg.3, gethostbyname.3, termios.3
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/Unixware/UnixWare/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
inotify_rm_watch.2
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: fix type of 'wd' argument
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite VERSIONS, noting that the system call is fadvise64()
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add the PowerPC-specific subpage_prot() system call
Add sync_file_range2()
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macros
aio_cancel.3
aio_error.3
aio_fsync.3
aio_read.3
aio_return.3
aio_suspend.3
aio_write.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add lio_listio(3)
gai_cancel.3
gai_error.3
gai_suspend.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make these into links
In the previous release, these files were accidentally made copies
of getaddrinfo_a.3, instead of being made as link files.
getifaddrs.3
Thomas Jarosch
Prevent possible NULL pointer access in example program
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Emphasize that malloc() and realloc() do not initialize allocated memory
malloc_hook.3
Ivana Varekova
Warn that these functions are deprecated
strcpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Formatting fixes in strncpy() example implementation code
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Reword NOTES on Linux-specific options
sigevent.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add aio_read(3), aio_write(3), and lio_listio(3)
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document the autobind feature
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of abstract socket names
As reported by Lennart Poettering:
The part about "abstract" sockets is misleading as it suggests
that the sockaddr returned by getsockname() would necessarily
have the size of sizeof(struct sockaddr), which however is not
the case: getsockname() returns exactly the sockaddr size that
was passed in on bind(). In particular, two sockets that are
bound to the same sockaddr but different sizes are completely
independent.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19812
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of "pathname" sockets
As reported by Lennart Poettering:
The part about "pathname" sockets suggests usage of
sizeof(sa_family_t) + strlen(sun_path) + 1
for calculating the sockaddr size. Due to alignment/padding
this is probably not a good idea. Instead, one should use
offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen() + 1
or something like that.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19812
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.30 ====================
Released: 2010-11-01, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
David Prevot <davidp@altern.org>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Florian Lehmann <flo.lehmann@googlemail.com>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigbrady.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
scarlettsp <scarlettsp@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
kexec_load.2
Andi Kleen
New page documenting kexec_load(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add license
Michael Kerrisk
Incorporate fixes from Eric W. Biederman
Eric noted that a few instances of "virtual" should
be "physical" and noted:
There is an expectation that at hand off from sys_kexec that
virtual and physical addresses will be identity mapped. But
this isn't the old Alpha booting convention where you have
a virtual address and then you have to parse the page table
to figure out where your kernel was actually loaded.
Michael Kerrisk
Additions and edits by mtk
Various wording and layout improvements.
Fixed the name of a constant: s/KEXEC_ARCH_I386/KEXEC_ARCH_386/.
Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections.
Added VERSIONS section
Note that CONFIG_KEXEC is needed
Removed details of using syscall; the reader can find them in
syscall(2).
Added some details for KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT.
Revised the text mentioning the kernel header, since it is
not yet exported, and it's not certain that it will be.
lio_listio.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting lio_listio(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
reboot.2
Andi Kleen
Document LINUX_REBOOT_KEXEC
Some fix-ups by Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk
Place 'cmd' values in alphabetical order.
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWIPC
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWNET
Lucian Adrian Grijincu
Improve description of CLONE_NEWNET
CLONE_NEWNET creates a new network namespace from scratch.
You don't have anything from the old network namespace in
the new one. Even the loopback device is new.
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_SYSVSEM
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWUTS
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate discussion of CAP_SYS_ADMIN to CLONE_NEWNS section
And rewrite the EPERM description to be more general in
preparation for the new flags to be documented.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
Some pages simply list feature test macro requirements in
the form:
#define #GNU_SOURCE
#include <someheader.h>
For these pages, add a "See feature_test_macros(7)" comment
on the "#define" line.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Remove redundant reference to feature_test_macros(7)
Various pages
David Prevot
Use greater consistency in NAME line
(Remove definite article at start of descriptive clause.)
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Place entries in correct order
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Place entries in correct order
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add section number to references to functions documented in other pages
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant section number in page references
Remove section number in function references that are for
functions documented on this page.
armscii-8.7
iso_8859-3.7
iso_8859-4.7
iso_8859-5.7
iso_8859-6.7
iso_8859-10.7
iso_8859-11.7
iso_8859-13.7
iso_8859-14.7
koi8-u.7
David Prevot
Capitalize hexadecimal numbers
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note use of faccessat(2) for checking symbolic link permissions
Michael Kerrisk
Give an example of a safer alternative to using access()
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify when CLONE_NEWNET implementation was completed
faccessat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that faccessat() is racy
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: Improve description of F_GETFD and F_GETFL
inotify_add_watch.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document ENOENT error
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Improve wording describing /proc/PID/status /VmLck field
Michael Kerrisk
shmctl() SHM_LOCKed memory is not included in VmLck
reboot.2
Michael Kerrisk
Place 'cmd' values in alphabetical order
subpage_prot.2
Michael Kerrisk
Change 1-line page description
Michael Kerrisk
Improvements after review by Paul Mackerras
timer_settime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant SEE ALSO reference
euidaccess.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note the use of faccessat(2) to operate on symbolic links
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the use of euidaccess() is racy
fenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording relating to glibc version
getgrent.3
getgrent_r.3
getgrnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader for group(5) for more info on group structure
getopt.3
Bernhard Walle
Use constants in getopt_long() example
The description of getopt_long() mentions the constants
required_argument, no_argument and optional_argument.
Use them in the example to make the code easier to understand.
getpw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change comment describing pw_gecos
getpw.3
getpwent.3
getpwent_r.3
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to passwd(5) for more info on the passwd structure
getpwent.3
getpwnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that pw_gecos is not in POSIX
And change the comment describing this field
getpwent_r.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change comment describing pw_gecos
getpwnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Some rewording and restructuring
sched_getcpu.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macro requirements
strnlen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix feature test macro requirements
group.5
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor rewordings
hosts.5
protocols.5
spufs.7
termio.7
David Prevot
Remove definite article from NAME section
Please find inline another tiny patch in order to shrink
the definite article from some other pages (found with
"rgrep -i ' \\\- the' man*").
passwd.5
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor rewordings
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to mlock(2) for further info on /proc/PID/status VmLck
armscii-8.7
David Prevot
Write the character set name as ArmSCII
cp1251.7
David Prevot
Capitalize hexadecimal numbers
ip.7
David Prevot
Fix name of socket option: s/IP_TTL/IP_TRANSPARENT/
David Prevot
Place socket options in alphabetical order
koi8-r.7
David Prevot
Fix special character names
Comparing to koi8-u.7, I noticed some inconsistencies in special
character names. After checking with the following Unicode related
pages, please find inline (and gzipped attached, hopefully not
messing with encoding), a patch in order to make it right, on an
Unicode point of view.
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2500.pdf
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U25A0.pdf
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf
http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf
David Prevot
Fix SEE ALSO reference and letter names
The koi8-r(7) (Russian Net Character Set) manual page refers
to iso-8859-7(7) manual page, which is the Latin/Greek one.
I guess it should refer instead to the iso-8859-5(7)
(Latin/Cyrillic) one. This is addressed at the end of the patch.
It has also been spotted that letter names are different in
this manual page and in the Unicode related page [0], the
first part of the page address this.
0: http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update example
The old example used the chmod(2) man page, but the
feature test macro requirements on that page had changed.
Update to use an example from a different page (acct(2),
whose feature test macro requirements are probably unlikely
to change in the future).
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.31 ====================
Released: 2010-11-12, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
David Prevot <davidp@altern.org>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Krzysztof Żelechowski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Added documentation of prlimit()
prlimit() is new in kernel 2.6.36.
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document IN_EXCL_UNLINK
This flag was added in Linux 2.6.36.
See kernel commit 8c1934c8d70b22ca8333b216aec6c7d09fdbd6a6.
New and changed links
---------------------
prlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to getrlimit.2
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded text in DESCRIPTION
intro.2
Michael Kerrisk
Added various pages to SEE ALSO
kexec_load.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version where KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT first appeared
Added kernel version number where KEXEC_ON_CRASH first appeared
Fix copyright
Make copyright in the name of Intel corporation
VERSIONS: Fix version number
kexec_load() was first implemented in 2.6.13, though the entry
in the system call table was reserved starting in 2.6.7.
migrate_pages.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add reference to Documentation/vm/page_migration
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing word "real" to "user ID"
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix kernel version number for kexec_load
kexec_load() was first implemented in 2.6.13, though the entry
in the system call table was reserved starting in 2.6.7.
Michael Kerrisk
Add prlimit() to list
intro.3
Michael Kerrisk
Added various pages to SEE ALSO
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Formatting fixes in example code
hostname.7
Michael Kerrisk
Small improvement to description of domains
See: https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=651900
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.32 ====================
Released: 2010-12-03, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Emil Mikulic <emikulic@gmail.com>
Eugene Kapun <abacabadabacaba@gmail.com>
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Ivana Hutarova Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Joern Heissler <kernelbugs@joern.heissler.de>
Lars Wirzenius <liw@liw.fi>
Martin Eberhard Schauer <Martin.E.Schauer@gmx.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
Roger Pate <roger@qxxy.com>
Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_sigqueue()
pthread_sigqueue() is new in glibc 2.11 (requires a kernel with
rt_tgsigqueinfo(), added in Linux 2.6.31).
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add documentation of preadv() and pwritev()
The preadv() and pwritev() system calls were added in
Linux 2.6.30.
New and changed links
---------------------
preadv.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to readv.2
pwritev.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to readv.2
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
chdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant and incorrect info on FTMs from NOTES
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
clock_nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that clock_nanosleep() suspends the calling *thread*
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'size' argument must be greater than 0
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23872
Michael Kerrisk
Added VERSIONS section
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Added VERSIONS section
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Updated VERSIONS section
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add notes on fcntl64()
fstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES on fstatat64(), the name of the underlying system call
getdents.2
Michael Kerrisk
Added notes on getdents64()
getgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
getgroups.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
getpagesize.2
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of getpagesize()
Improve description of getpagesize() and relocate discussion
of sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE).
In part inspired by
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=537272
getresuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add example program for prlimit()
getuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
open.2
Ivana Hutarova Varekova
O_EXCL can be used without O_CREAT for block devices
Since Linux 2.6 there is a possibility to use O_EXCL without
O_CREAT. See patch: http://lkml.org/lkml/2003/8/10/221.
pread.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add notes on pread64() and pwrite64()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23072
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add readv(3)
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Wording fix: readv() and writev() are system calls, not functions
sendfile.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add notes on sendfile64()
setfsgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
setfsuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
setgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
setresuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
setreuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4
sigqueue.2
pthreads.7
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add pthread_sigqueue(3)
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix EOVERFLOW error description
2<<31 should read 1<<31 (which equals 2^31).
statfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add notes on statfs64() and fstatfs64()
swapon.2
Hugh Dickins
Document SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD and discarding of swap pages
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add notes on truncate64() and ftruncate64()
memcpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change "should not overlap" to "must not overlap"
glibc 2.12 changed things so that applications that use memcpy() on
overlapping regions will encounter problems. (The standards have
long said that the behaviors is undefined if the memory areas
overlap.)
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=603144
In reference of http://lwn.net/Articles/414467/
and http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/15278
usleep.3
Petr Uzel
usleep() suspends calling thread, not process
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Change single quote to double quote in shell session example
The example section has a sample shell session containing:
echo '|$PWD/core_pattern_pipe_test %p UID=%u GID=%g sig=%s'
But $PWD won't be expanded in single quotes. It should be double
quotes around the entire argument or some other form.
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Added description of async-cancel-safe functions
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Reworded the text of various errors
Michael Kerrisk
Added ENOENT error
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.33 ====================
Released: 2011-09-16, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com>
Alexander Schuch <Alex.Schuch@gmx.de>
Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
Folkert van Heusden <folkert.mobiel@gmail.com>
Graham Gower <graham.gower@gmail.com>
Hendrik Jan Thomassen <hjt@atcomputing.nl>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Joey Adams <joeyadams3.14159@gmail.com>
Johannes Laire <johannes@laire.fi>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Konstantin Ritt <ritt.ks@gmail.com>
Luis Javier Merino <ninjalj@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mikel Ward <mikel@mikelward.com>
Nick Black <dankamongmen@gmail.com>
Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
Petr Pisar <ppisar@redhat.com>
Przemyslaw Pawelczyk <przemyslaw@pawelczyk.it>
Regid Ichira <regid23@yahoo.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Richard B. Kreckel <kreckel@ginac.de>
Ryan Mullen <rmmullen@gmail.com>
Sebastian Geiger <sbastig@gmx.net>
Sebastian Unger <sebunger@gmx.net>
Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Simon Cross <hodgestar@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stan Sieler <sieler@me.com>
Timmy Lee <scuttimmy@gmail.com>
Tolga Dalman <tolga.dalman@googlemail.com>
Tomislav Jonjic <jonjic@cs.unibo.it>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Wei Luosheng <weiluosheng001@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
sync.2
Michael Kerrisk
Added new syncfs() system call
syncfs() was added in Linux 2.6.39.
New and changed links
---------------------
syncfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link for sync(2).
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Simon Paillard
Global fix: properly escape minus sign
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CLONE_STOPPED was removed in 2.6.38
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Geiger]
Note that the first argv[] value should contain name of executable
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
Note that F_GETFL also retrieves file access mode
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Mullen]
Remove mention of kernel versions in discussion of RLIMIT_CPU
Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim]
Fix example program and add _FILE_OFFSET_BITS requirement
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson]
Clarify EINVAL error
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?625747
Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim]
Simplify and correct text for EPERM error
mprotect.2
Seonghun Lim
Fix off-by-one error in a memory range
Seonghun Lim
Fix small bug in example program
The description of the example program says that it makes the
third page "read-only". Thus use PROT_READ instead of PROT_NONE.
open.2
Folkert van Heusden
Remove text describing O_CLOEXEC as Linux-specific
O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008, as noted
elsewhere in the page.
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson]
SEE ALSO: Add readlink(1)
sendfile.2
Akira Fujita
Since 2.6.33, 'out_fd' can refer to any file type
Linux kernel commit cc56f7de7f00d188c7c4da1e9861581853b9e92f
meant sendfile(2) can work with any output file.
Michael Kerrisk
Shift text on falling back to read()/write() to NOTES
Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
Remove mention of kernel version for 'in_fd' argument
Tolga Dalman
Add an explicit reference to splice(2)
Unlike sendfile(), splice() can transfer data
between a pair of sockets.
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
Add a little info about ucontext_t
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Small rewording of ENAMETOOLONG error
sync.2
Michael Kerrisk
Some rewrites to description of sync()
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Added fanotify_init() and fanotify_mark() to syscall list
Michael Kerrisk
Added new 2.6.39 system calls
Michael Kerrisk
Updated for Linux 3.0 system calls
Michael Kerrisk
Update kernel version at head of syscall list
Michael Kerrisk
Update to mention 3.x kernel series
syslog.2
Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
Update for kernel 2.6.37 changes
Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict.
Document CAP_SYSLOG.
time.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alexander Schuch]
NOTES: Fix description of "Seconds since the Epoch"
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
Note behavior when timerfd_settime() old_value is NULL
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?641513
Tomislav Jonjic
Fix small error in description of timerfd_settime()
truncate.2
Seonghun Lim
Remove redundant EINTR description
unlink.2
Hendrik Jan Thomassen
Improve EBUSY description
cacos.3
cacosh.3
catan.3
catanh.3
Michael Kerrisk [Richard B. Kreckel, Andries Brouwer]
Fix formula describing function
The man pages for cacos(), cacosh(), catan(), catanh()
contain incorrect formulae describing the functions.
cacos.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add example program
cacosh.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add example program
cacosh.3
casinh.3
catan.3
catanh.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add reference to inverse function
catan.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add example program
catanh.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add example program
ccos.3
ccosh.3
csin.3
csinh.3
ctan.3
ctanh.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO Add reference to "arc" inverse function
cexp.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add cexp(3)
clog.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add reference to clog(2)
crypt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
Fix header file and feature test macro requirements for crypt_r()
err.3
Seonghun Lim
Clean up description of error message source
In the second paragraph of DESCRIPTION section, one of the
sources of error messages is incorrect: the four functions obtain
error message only from errno, and "a code" is just relevant
with errc() and warnc(), which are not present on Linux.
see http://www.unix.com/man-page/freebsd/3/ERR/ .
Then, the third paragraph becomes a duplicate.
fflush.3
Regid Ichira
Fix wording error
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?614021
hsearch.3
Seonghun Lim
Update ERRORS section
EINVAL can occur for hdestroy_r().
EINVAL can't occur for hcreate().
Other minor fixes.
lockf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mikel Ward]
ERRORS: EBADF can also occur for nonwritable file descriptor
As noted in the DESCRIPTION, the file descriptor must be writable
in order to place a lock.
malloc.3
Seonghun Lim
Reorder prototypes in SYNOPSIS
calloc() comes before realloc() in the other sections,
so should do in SYNOPSIS, too.
mbstowcs.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add reference to wcstombs(3)
memcmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Unger]
Clarify that comparison interprets bytes as "unsigned char"
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim]
Fix EINVAL error
Since glibc 2.3, resolved_path can be non-NULL (with the
semantics already documented in the page).
scandir(3)
Mike Frysinger
Add ENOENT/ENOTDIR errors
siginterrupt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Luis Javier Merino]
Remove misleading sentence about signal(2) and system call interruption
strlen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
SEE ALSO: Add strnlen(3)
strnlen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
CONFORMING TO: Note that strnlen() is in POSIX.1-2008
strtoul.3
Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
Fix NOTES section constants
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk
Use "terminal special characters" consistently throughout page
Michael Kerrisk [Paul Evans]
Add documentation of _POSIX_VDISABLE
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=627841
Michael Kerrisk
Add a description of STATUS character
Michael Kerrisk
Added description of SWTCH character
Michael Kerrisk
Add names of terminal special characters
Michael Kerrisk
List terminal special characters in alphabetical order
wcstombs.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3)
console_codes.4
Petr Pisar
Add ESC [ 3 J
Linux 3.0 (commit f8df13e0a901fe55631fed66562369b4dba40f8b)
implements \E[3J to allow scrambling content of console
including scroll-back buffer
(http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1125792).
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler]
Add description of 'PPid' field of /proc/PID/status
Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler]
Add description of 'SigQ' field of /proc/PID/status
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
Document CAP_SYSLOG and related changes in Linux 2.6.37
Michael Kerrisk
File capabilities are no longer optional
Starting with Linux 2.6.33, the CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES
has been removed, and file capabilities are always part of the
kernel.
complex.7
Michael Kerrisk
Updated SEE ALSO list to include all complex math functions
ipv6.7
Michael Kerrisk [Simon Cross]
Fix description of address notation: "8 4-digit hexadecimal numbers"
signal.7
Seonghun Lim
Remove crufty repeated info about LinuxThreads
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to cmsg(3) for an example of the use of SCM_RIGHTS
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.34 ====================
Released: 2011-09-23, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org>
Benjamin Poirier <benjamin.poirier@gmail.com>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com>
Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
Stephen Cameron <scameron@beardog.cce.hp.com>
Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
rt_sigqueueinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller]
New page for rt_sigqueueinfo(2) and rt_tgsigqueueinfo(2)
This replaces the previous '.so' man page link file for
rt_sigqueueinfo.2, which linked to this sigqueue() man page.
cciss.4
Stephen M. Cameron
New man page for cciss driver
I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence
of having worked on the cciss driver for the past several years,
and having written considerable portions of it.
Michael Kerrisk
Copyedit by mtk
hpsa.4
Stephen M. Cameron
New man page for the hpsa driver
I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence
of being the main author of the hpsa driver.
Michael Kerrisk
Copyedits my mtk
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk [David Howells]
Document AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38.
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake, Sunil Mushran]
Document SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
These flags, designed for discovering holes in a file,
were added in Linux 3.1. Included comments from Eric
Blake and Sunil Mushran.
madvise.2
Doug Goldstein
Add MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE
Document the MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE flags added to
madvise() in Linux 2.6.38.
New and changed links
---------------------
rt_tgsigqueueinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page
sigqueue.2
Michael Kerrisk
Create link to page that was relocated to section 3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Change reference to "sigqueue(2)" to "sigqueue(3)"
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EPERM and ESPIPE errors
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alan Curry, Reuben Thomas]
Remove suspect note about 'whence' being incorrect English
prctl.2
Paul Pluzhnikov
PR_SET_DUMPABLE makes process non-ptrace-attachable
readlink.2
Guillem Jover
Document using st_size to allocate the buffer
Michael Kerrisk
Added copyright text + changelog note for Guillem Jover's patch
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document 2.6.39 changes to rules governing changes from SCHED_IDLE policy
Since Linux 2.6.39, unprivileged processes under the
SCHED_IDLE policy can switch to another nonrealtime
policy if their nice value falls within the range
permitted by their RLIMIT_NICE limit.
tkill.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo (2)
btowc.3, wctob.3
Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson]
Add pointers to better, thread-safe alternative functions
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=606899
fwide.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements
Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose
prototype of this function.
index.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Fix text mentioning terminating null
pthread_sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
Replace explicit mention of rt_tgsigqueueinfo() with SEE ALSO reference
sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
Move this page to section 3
Now that the underlying system call rt_sigqueueinfo(2) is
properly documented, move sigqueue() to Section 3, since
it is really a library function.
Michael Kerrisk
Update text in line with existence of new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page
wcsnlen.3
Jon Grant
Improve description of 'maxlen' argument
It's worth clarifying 'maxlen' is in wide-char units, not bytes.
wprintf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements
Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose
prototype of these functions.
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document _ISOC95_SOURCE
_ISOC95_SOURCE was added in glibc 2.12 as a means
to expose C90 Amendment 1 definitions.
ip.7
Benjamin Poirier [Neil Horman]
Improve description of IP_MTU_DISCOVER
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo(2)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.35 ====================
Released: 2011-10-04, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Kevin Lyda <kevin@ie.suberic.net>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
recvmmsg.2
Andi Kleen, Michael Kerrisk
New man page for recvmmsg(2)
setns.2
Eric W. Biederman
New manual page for setns(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Various improvements
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: remove spaces around em-dash
Normal English typographical convention is not to have
spaces around em dashes.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/null pointer/NULL pointer/
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: use ORing
Use "ORing", not "OR'ing", nor an italic ".IR OR ing".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: consistent use of "null wide character"
Bring more consistency to the discussion of
"[terminating] null wide character"
by writing (at least in the initial use in a page)
"[terminating] null wide character (L'\0')".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: consistent use of "null byte"
Bring more consistency to the discussion of
"[terminating] null byte"
by writing (at least in the initial use in a page)
"[terminating] null byte ('\0')".
mount.2, prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
s/task/thread/ for consistency with other pages
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
lseek.2
Guillem Jover
CONFORMING TO: Note other systems that have SEEK_HOLE+SEEK_DATA
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of recvmmsg(2)
recvmmsg.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sendmmsg(2)
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 adds MSG_NOSIGNAL
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that attempts to wait for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 requirements for lstat()
Michael Kerrisk
Regarding automounter action, add a reference to fstatat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Clean up text describing which POSIX describes S_IF* constants
aio_cancel.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Clarify meaning of "return status" and "error status"
gets.3
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1-2008 marks gets() obsolescent
The page formerly erroneously stated that POSIX.1-2008
removed the specification of this function.
mbsnrtowcs.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008
This function is specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision.
regex.3
Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte"
stpcpy.3
stpncpy.3
Mike Frysinger
Note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008
Update the "CONFORMING TO" sections of these functions to
note that they are now part of the POSIX.1-2008 standard.
stpncpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte"
strcpy.3
Mike Frysinger
SEE ALSO: Add stpncpy(3)
strdup.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: strndup() is in POSIX.1-2008
wcpcpy.3
wcpncpy.3
wcsnlen.3
wcsnrtombs.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008
These functions are specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision.
proc.5
Eric W. Biederman
Document /proc/[pid]/ns/
Michael Kerrisk
Some edit's to Eric Biederman's /proc/[pid]/ns/ additions
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
List setns(2) as an operation allowed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.36 ====================
Released: 2012-02-27, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Benedetti <alainb06@free.fr>
carado <carado@savhon.org>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu>
Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Junjiro Okajima <jro@mx3.ttcn.ne.jp>
Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Pat Pannuto <pat.pannuto@gmail.com>
Salvo Tomaselli <tiposchi@tiscali.it>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Slaven Rezic <srezic@iconmobile.com>
starlight <starlight@binnacle.cx>
Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
Vijay Rao <vijay@portuosus.com>
Walter Haidinger <walter.haidinger@gmx.at>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Yang Yang <wdscxsj@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
sendmmsg.2
Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller]
New page for sendmmsg(2)
Some pieces inspired by an initial attempt by Stephan Mueller.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fallocate.2
Lucian Adrian Grijincu
Document FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE
FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE was added in Linux 2.6.38,
for punching holes in the allocated space in a file.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
dup.2
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Add "#include <fcntl.h>" for O_* constants
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Substantial restructuring of DESCRIPTION
The addition of a second class of operation ("hole punching")
to the man page made it clear that some significant restructuring
is required. So I substantially reworked the page, including the
preexisting material on the default "file allocation" operation.
Michael Kerrisk [Josef Bacik]
Add further details for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EPERM error case for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Describe clone() call equivalent to fork()
fsync.2
Christoph Hellwig
Various improvements
- explain the situation with disk caches better
- remove the duplicate fdatasync() explanation in the NOTES
section
- remove an incorrect note about fsync() generally requiring two
writes
- remove an obsolete ext2 example note
- fsync() works on any file descriptor (doesn't need to be
writable); correct the EBADF error code explanation
Michael Kerrisk [Guillem Jover]
Note that some systems require a writable file descriptor
An edited version of Guillem Jover's comments:
[While the file descriptor does not need to be writable on Linux]
that's not a safe portable assumption to make on POSIX in general
as that behavior is not specified and as such is
implementation-specific. Some Unix systems do actually fail on
read-only file descriptors, for example [HP-UX and AIX].
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima]
Removed erroneous statement about MS_RDONLY and bind mounts
open.2
Jessica McKellar
Fix grammar in O_DIRECT description
Some small grammar fixes to the O_DIRECT description.
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk [Salvo Tomaselli]
SYNOPSIS: Add "#include <fcntl.h>" for O_* constants
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=659750
sched_rr_get_interval.2
Clemens Ladisch
Update notes on modifying quantum
Since Linux 2.6.24, it is no longer possible to
modify the SCHED_RR quantum using setpriority(2).
(Slight edits to Clemens' patch by mtk.)
Michael Kerrisk
Reordered various pieces of text
Michael Kerrisk
Reworded text of ESRCH error
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of sendmmsg(2)
sync.2
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
PROTOTYPE: Fix return type of syncfs()
vfork.2
Michael Kerrisk [starlight]
Clarify what is duplicated in the child
Add some words to make it clear to the reader that vfork(),
like fork(), creates duplicates of process attributes
in the child.
Michael Kerrisk
Note clone() flags equivalent to vfork()
Michael Kerrisk [starlight, Mike Frysinger]
Add some notes on reasons why vfork() still exists
Michael Kerrisk [starlight]
Clarify that calling *thread* is suspended during vfork()
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: Note that POSIX.1-2001 marked vfork() obsolete
gets.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document C11 and glibc 2.16 changes affecting gets()
pthread_sigmask.3
Michael Kerrisk [Pat Pannuto]
Fix comment that was inconsistent with code in example program
sem_wait.3
Walter Harms
EXAMPLE: Remove extraneous line of output from shell session
wcsnrtombs.3
wcsrtombs.3
wcstombs.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix-ups for e9c23bc636426366d659809bc99cd84661e86464
core.5
Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima]
Document %E specifier for core_pattern
passwd.5
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Haidinger]
s/asterisk/asterisk (*)/ to improve clarity
Michael Kerrisk
Correct note on passwd field value when shadowing is enabled
When password shadowing is enabled, the password field
contains an 'x' (not "*').
proc.5
Elie De Brauwer
Fix description of fourth field of /proc/loadavg
SIgned-off-by: Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk [Slaven Rezic]
Describe syntax used for comments
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=656994
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document _ISOC11_SOURCE
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang]
Note that 'cookie' field is set to zero when unused
man.7
Michael Kerrisk
Various fixes for description of NAME section
As noted by reporter:
* The code sample given for the NAME section is incomplete because
the actual content sample is not given.
* Additionally, the description assumes that the item described is
a command, which need not be the case.
* The command makewhatis is not present on my system; the
documented tool to create the whatis database is called mandb.
* The description on .SH NAME in man(7) should either copy the
relevant paragraph of lexgrog(1) or refer to it.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.37 ====================
Released: 2012-03-06, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Mark R. Bannister <cambridge@users.sourceforge.net>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
getent.1
Mark R. Bannister
New page to document 'getent' binary provided by glibc
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bdflush.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that bdflush() is deprecated, and does nothing
nfsservctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that this system call was removed in Linux 3.1
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Tejun Heo]
add extended description of various ptrace quirks
Changes include:
s/parent/tracer/g, s/child/tracee/g - ptrace interface now
is sufficiently cleaned up to not treat tracing process
as parent.
Deleted several outright false statements:
- pid 1 can be traced
- tracer is not shown as parent in ps output
- PTRACE_ATTACH is not "the same behavior as if tracee had done
a PTRACE_TRACEME": PTRACE_ATTACH delivers a SIGSTOP.
- SIGSTOP _can_ be injected.
- Removed mentions of SunOS and Solaris as irrelevant.
- Added a few more known bugs.
Added a large block of text in DESCRIPTION which doesn't focus
on mechanical description of each flag and operation, but rather
tries to describe a bigger picture. The targeted audience is
a person which is reasonably knowledgeable in Unix but did not
spend years working with ptrace, and thus may be unaware of its
quirks. This text went through several iterations of review by
Oleg Nesterov and Tejun Heo.
This block of text intentionally uses as little markup as possible,
otherwise future modifications to it will be very hard to make.
Michael Kerrisk
Global clean-up of page
* Wording and formatting fixes to existing text and
Denys Vlasenko's new text.
* Various technical amendments and improvements to
Denys Vlasenko's new text.
* Added FIXME for various problems with the current text.
Michael Kerrisk
Integrated changes after further review from Denys Vlasenko
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that nfsservctl(2) was removed in Linux 3.1
Note that bdflush(2) is deprecated
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add CAP_WAKE_ALARM
Michael Kerrisk
Add various operations under CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Add perf_event_open(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Add VM86_REQUEST_IRQ vm86(2) command to CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Update CAP_NET_ADMIN with notes from include/linux/capability.h
Add nfsservctl(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Michael Kerrisk
Add ioctl(FIBMAP) under CAP_SYS_RAWIO
Michael Kerrisk
Add virtual terminal ioctl()s under CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
Michael Kerrisk
Update CAP_NET_RAW with notes from include/linux/capability.h
Michael Kerrisk
Add F_SETPIPE_SZ case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
Add POSIX messages queues queues_max case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
Update CAP_SYS_RESOURCE with notes from include/linux/capability.h
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add libcap(3)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Add --audit command-line option
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.38 ====================
Released: 2012-03-25, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
Artyom Pervukhin <artyom@evasive.ru>
Beňas Petr <xbenas00@stud.fit.vutbr.cz>
Ben Bacarisse <software@bsb.me.uk>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
Iain Fraser <iainkfraser@gmail.com>
Justin T Pryzby <justinp@norchemlab.com>
Kirill Brilliantov <brilliantov@inbox.ru>
Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk>
Matthew Gregan <kinetik@flim.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Nix <nix@esperi.org.uk>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Sergei Zhirikov <sfzhi@yahoo.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
get_nprocs_conf.3
Beňas Petr
New page documenting get_nprocs_conf(3) and get_nprocs(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Some additions and improvements
malloc_get_state.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting malloc_get_state(3) and malloc_set_state(3)
mallopt.3
Michael Kerrisk
New man page for mallopt(3)
mtrace.3
Michael Kerrisk
Complete rewrite of page, adding much more detail
scandirat.3
Mark R Bannister
New page for scandirat(3) (new in glibc 2.15)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
posix_memalign.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document aligned_alloc(3)
aligned_alloc() is new in C11.
Michael Kerrisk
Document pvalloc(3)
qsort.3
Mark R Bannister
Add documentation of qsort_r(3)
Ben Bacarisse
Improvements to Mark R Bannister's qsort_r() patch
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section for qsort_r()
New and changed links
---------------------
aligned_alloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to posix_memalign.3
get_nprocs.3
Beňas Petr
Link to new get_nprocs_conf.3 page
malloc_set_state.3
Michael Kerrisk
Link to new malloc_get_state.3 page
pvalloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to posix_memalign.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global formatting fix: balance .nf/.fi pairs
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: place sections in correct order
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Justin T Pryzby]
Global fix: Remove duplicated words
Remove instances of duplicate words found using Justin's
grep-fu:
for f in man?/*.[1-9]; do
grep -HE ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1' "$f" |
grep -Evw '(proc|hugetlbfs|XXX*|root|long) *\1';
done | grep -E --colo ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1'
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Correct order of SEE ALSO entries
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
futimesat.2
Michael Kerrisk
PROTOTYPE: Correct header file and feature test macro requirements
keyctl.2
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Strip trailing tabs from source line
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=664688
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko
Document PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG for PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC
Denys Vlasenko
Various fixes to recent updates of this page
symlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
PROTOTYPE: Correct header file
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unimplemented system calls from main syscall list
The unimplemented system calls are in any case noted lower down
in the page. Also: rearrange the text describing the unimplemented
system calls.
Michael Kerrisk
Note a few system calls that were removed in Linux 2.6
Michael Kerrisk
Add process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2)
unlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
PROTOTYPE: Correct header file
Michael Kerrisk
PROTOTYPE: Add <fcntl.h> for AT_* constants
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk
PROTOTYPE: Add <fcntl.h> for AT_* constants
copysign.3
Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
DESCRIPTION: Add a couple of examples
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add a short discussion of arenas
Michael Kerrisk
Replace discussion of MALLOC_CHECK_ with pointer to mallopt(3)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add mtrace(3)
SEE ALSO: add malloc_get_state(3)
posix_memalign.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rename memalign() argument
Rename "boundary" to "alignment" for consistency
with posix_memalign().
Michael Kerrisk
Improve discussion of feature test macros and header files for valloc(3)
rtnetlink.3
Kirill Brilliantov [Sergei Zhirikov]
Fix example code, rta_len assignment should use RTA_LENGTH()
See also http://bugs.debian.org/655088
scandir.3
Mark R Bannister
SEE ALSO: Add scandirat(3)
sigqueue.3
Nix
Remove rt_sigqueueinfo from TH line
rt_sigqueueinfo() now has its own manual page, so should not
be listed in the .TH line of this page.
tzset.3
Peter Schiffer
Correct description for Julian 'n' date format
The Julian 'n' date format counts starting from 0, not 1.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some clarifying remarks to discussion of Julian day formats
packet.7
Michael Kerrisk [Iain Fraser]
Fix comment on 'sll_hatype' field
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk [Artyom Pervukhin]
Correct RFC for TIME_WAIT assassination hazards
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.39 ====================
Released: 2012-04-17, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Abhijith Das <adas@redhat.com>
Alexander Kruppa <akruppa@gmail.com>
Andreas Jaeger <aj@suse.com>
Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
Felix <fkater@googlemail.com>
Jak <jak@gmx.ca>
Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Jesus Otero <jesus.otero@rysg.es>
Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Kevin O'Gorman <kevinogorman4@gmail.com>
Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Welsh Duggan <mwd@cert.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Regid Ichira <regid23@yahoo.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
<who@connect.carleton.ca>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
malloc_trim.3
Michael Kerrisk
New man page for malloc_trim(3)
malloc_usable_size.3
Michael Kerrisk
New man page for malloc_usable_size(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
prctl.2
Cyrill Gorcunov
Document PR_SET_MM (new in Linux 3.3)
Michael Kerrisk
Various edits and improvements to Cyrill's patch
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of 'size' argument
Michael Kerrisk
Add .SS for description of epoll_create1()
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Armin Rigo]
Another thread can add to epoll instance while epoll_wait is blocked
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43072
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that epoll_pwait() blocks calling *thread*
A few wording improvements
fchmodat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Note difference between glibc wrapper and underlying system call
The wrapper function has a 'flags' argument (which currently
serves no purpose), while the underlying system call does not.
fcntl.2
Abhijith Das
Explain behaviour of F_GETLEASE during lease break
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
Change type of arg from "long" to "int"
Various fcntl(2) commands require an integral 'arg'.
The man page said it must be "long" in all such cases.
However, for the cases covered by POSIX, there is an
explicit requirement that these arguments be "int".
Update the man page to reflect. Probably, all of the
other "long" cases (not specified in POSIX) should
be "int", and this patch makes them so. Based on a
note fromEric Blake, relating to F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC.
gettimeofday.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize content
The main change is to move the historical information about
the 'tz_dsttime' to NOTES.
Michael Kerrisk [Felix]
Note that compiler issues warnings if 'tv' is NULL
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kevin O'Gorman]
Clarify that this system call should not be invoked directly
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42892
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify NOTES discussion of mmap() versus mmap2()
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Michael Welsh Duggan]
Document negative value in 'fd' field
Michael Kerrisk
Document semantics of passing zero in 'events' field
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko
Various fixes
For some reason, the PTRACE_TRACEME paragraph talks about some
general aspects of ptraced process behavior. It repeats the
"tracee stops on every signal" information even though that was
already explained just a few paragraphs before. Then it describes
legacy SIGTRAP on execve().
This patch deletes the first part, and moves the second part up,
into the general ptrace description. It also adds
"If PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC option is not in effect" to the description
of the legacy SIGTRAP on execve().
The patch also amends the part which says "For requests other
than PTRACE_KILL, the tracee must be stopped." - PTRACE_ATTACH
also doesn't require that.
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger, ]
Clarify that the use of SI_SIGIO is for Linux 2.2 only
See also http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6745
sigprocmask.2
Mike Frysinger
ERRORS: add EFAULT
times.2
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
ERRORS: Add EFAULT
div.3
Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
CONFORMING TO: Add C99
fread.3
Regid Ichira
Clarify further that return value is number of items, not bytes
See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=665780
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jak]
Correct type of ai_addrlen field
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add malloc_usable_size(3)
SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3)
mallopt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix text describing M_PERTURB and free()
SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3)
memchr.3
Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
Remove mention of terminating null in description of rawmemchr()
perror.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jesus Otero]
Note that use of 'sys_errlist' is deprecated
rcmd.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc eventually added a declaration of iruserok() in version 2.12
sysconf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez]
Add mention of _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX
nologin.5
Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
nologin must not only exist, but *be readable* to be effective
nsswitch.conf.5
Mark R Bannister
Significant rewrites and improvements
This patch applies to nsswitch.conf.5 in man-pages-3.36.
My changes almost completely rewrite large sections of the
man page. They are needed to add clarity, correct grammar,
reduce confusion, and bring up-to-date with the latest glibc.
I have checked the man page against the nss source code in
glibc 2.14.90.
Historical notes are demoted to the footer.
The rewrite makes the man page much clearer to
understand, more authoratitive, and easier to read.
Michael Kerrisk
Light edits to Mark Bannister's changes
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add prctl(PR_SET_MM) to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Some minor clarifications at start of DESCRIPTION
netlink.7
Jeff Mahoney [Petr Gajdos]
Note cases where nonprivileged users can use netlink multicast groups
See also https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754611
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
Add a detail on autobind feature
ld.so.8
Jonathan Nieder [Reuben Thomas]
Document effect of hwcaps on search path
Wording by Aurelien Jarno from Debian glibc's r4701 (2011-06-04).
Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/622385
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.40 ====================
Released: 2012-04-27, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexey Toptygin <alexeyt@freeshell.org>
Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
Brian F. G. Bidulock <bidulock@openss7.org>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Christopher Yeoh <cyeoh@au1.ibm.com>
Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org>
Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr>
James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com>
John Sullivan <jsrhbz@kanargh.force9.co.uk>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
lepton <ytht.net@gmail.com>
Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Vadim Mikhailov <vadim.mikhailov@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
process_vm_readv.2
Mike Frysinger, Christopher Yeoh, Michael Kerrisk
New page for process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2)
mcheck.3
Michael Kerrisk
New man page for mcheck(3) and related functions
Also describes mcheck_check_all(3), mcheck_pedantic(3),
and mprobe(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
rcmd.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document "_af" variants of these functions
Document rcmd_af(), rresvport_af(), iruserok_af(), ruserok_af().
Also some restructuring and other clarifications.
rexec.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document rexec_af()
New and changed links
---------------------
iruserok_af.3
rcmd_af.3
rresvport_af.3
ruserok_af.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to rcmd.3
rexec_af.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to rexec.3
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify difference between CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
Note interactions of these two clocks with discontinuous
adjustments to the system time and NTP/adjtime(2).
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk [John Sullivan]
Fix description of ENOSYS and EOPNOTSUP errors
As reported in https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=680214
fchmodat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Improve discussion of difference between wrapper and underlying syscall
gettimeofday.2
Michael Kerrisk
gettimeofday() is affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time
Advise reader to use clock_gettime(2), if they need a
monotonically increasing time source.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(2)
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE and PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE
Add some basic documentation of these operations, with a pointer to
tools/perf/design.txt for more information.
Michael Kerrisk [Marcel Holtmann]
Amend details of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Note SPARC deviation with respect to get/set regs
SPARC reverses the use of 'addr' and 'data' for
PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS, PTRACE_SETREGS,
and PTRACE_SETFPREGS.
send.2
Stefan Puiu
Document EACCES error case for UDP
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of raise(3) for SI_USER
For a long time now, glibc's raise(3) didn't yield SI_USER
for the signal receiver, so remove mention of raise(3)
here. The user can deduce the details, if needed, by looking
at the recently updated raise(3) page.
aio_cancel.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Rewrite RETURN VALUE section to be clearer
aio_init.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Remove extraneous "POSIX" from NAME section
btree.3
dbopen.3
hash.3
mpool.3
recno.3
Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson]
Note that glibc no longer provides these interfaces
glibc stopped providing these interfaces with v2.2.
Nowadays, the user that finds these pages probably wants
the libdb API, so note this in the page.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=337581
fopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: Note limitation on number of flag characters parsed in 'mode'
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'c' and 'e' flags are ignored for fdopen()
Determined from reading libio/iofdopen.c.
Michael Kerrisk
Document ",ccs=string" feature of 'mode' for fopen()/freopen()
getgrnam.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper]
Fix discussion of _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX
The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in
SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size
(as specified in SUSv4).
getpwnam.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper]
Fix discussion of _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in
SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size
(as specified in SUSv4).
malloc.3
mallopt.3
mtrace.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mcheck(3)
memchr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description, omitting mention of "strings" and "characters"
The existing text slipped into talking about characters and
strings, which could mislead readers into thing that, for
example, searches for the byte '\0' are treated specially.
Therefore, rewrite in terms of "bytes" and "memory areas".
At the same time, make a few source file clean-ups.
mkstemp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add "mkstemps" and "mkostemps" to NAME line
posix_openpt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Vadim Mikhailov]
Add some details on use of the slave pathname
An explicit pointer to ptsname(3) is useful, as is a note
of the fact that the slave device pathname exists only as
long as the master device is held open.
raise.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add some notes on underlying system call that is used
rcmd.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details of the rresvport() 'port' argument
resolver.3
Petr Baudis
Note that many options are documented in resolv.conf(5)
scandir.3
Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman]
Improve EXAMPLE source code: s/0/NULL/ in scandir() call
strchr.3
James Hunt
Explain behavior when searching for '\0'
strerror.3
Eric Blake [Stefan Puiu]
Improve strerror_r() description
POSIX requires that perror() not modify the static storage
returned by strerror(). POSIX 2008 and C99 both require that
strerror() never return NULL (a strerror() that always
returns "" for all inputs is valid for C99, but not for POSIX).
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12204
documents glibc's change to come into compliance with POSIX
regarding strerror_r() return value. The GNU strerror_r() use
of 'buf' was confusing - I ended up writing a test program that
proves that 'buf' is unused for valid 'errnum', but contains
truncated "unknown message" for out-of-range 'errnum'.
See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=382
Bernhard Walle
Correct description of error return for XSI strerror_r()
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
Note how to use 'errno' to detect errors when calling strerror()
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Add an example of the kind of string returned by strerror()
resolv.conf.5
Petr Baudis
Document "single-request" option
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note buffer size that guarantees being able to read at least one event
James Hunt
Correct description of size of inotify_event structure
iso_8859-1.7
Eugen Dedu
Add "-" for SOFT HYPHEN
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=156154
netdevice.7
Brian F. G. Bidulock
Document some SIOC configuration ioctls
This patch adds common but missing SIOC configuration ioctls to
the netdevice.7 manual pages that are not documented anywhere
else. SIOCSIFPFLAGS and SIOCGIFPFLAGS are linux-specific. Flag
values come from Linux 2.6.25 kernel headers for sockios. The
others are standard BSD ioctls that have always been implemented
by Linux and were verified from inspecting netdevice.c kernel
code.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Toptygin]
Correct description of SO_BROADCAST
tcp.7
lepton
Correct description for TCP_MAXSEG on modern kernel
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.41 ====================
Released: 2012-05-11, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Angelo Borsotti <angelo.borsotti@gmail.com>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
Casper Dik <Casper.Dik@oracle.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Jean-Michel Vourgère <jmv_deb@nirgal.com>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Kasper Dupont <kasperd@gmail.com>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Lauri Kasanen <curaga@operamail.com>
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
Rich Felker <bugdal@aerifal.cx>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
get_robust_list.2
Ivana Varekova [Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting get_robust_list(2) and set_robust_list(2)
mallinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, Paul Pluzhnikov]
New page for mallinfo(3)
malloc_info.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Jelinek]
New page for malloc_info(3)
malloc_stats.3
Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
New man page for malloc_stats(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
madvise.2
Jason Baron
Document MADV_DONTDUMP and MADV_DODUMP
New and changed links
---------------------
set_robust_list.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new get_robust_list.2 page
LIST_ENTRY.3
LIST_HEAD.3
LIST_INIT.3
LIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
LIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
LIST_REMOVE.3
TAILQ_ENTRY.3
TAILQ_HEAD.3
TAILQ_INIT.3
TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
TAILQ_REMOVE.3
CIRCLEQ_ENTRY.3
CIRCLEQ_HEAD.3
CIRCLEQ_INIT.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
CIRCLEQ_REMOVE.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to queue.3
The queue(3) page documents these macros, so it makes sense to
have links for the names.
DES_FAILED.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to des_crypt.3
The des_crypt(3) page documents this macro, so it makes sense
to have a link for the name.
qsort_r.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to qsort.3
Overlooked to add this link in 3.38, when documentation of
qsort_r() was added to the qsort.3 page.
Global changes
--------------
faccessat.2
fchmodat.2
fchownat.2
fstatat.2
futimesat.2
inotify_init.2
linkat.2
mkdirat.2
mknodat.2
openat.2
readlinkat.2
renameat.2
setns.2
splice.2
symlinkat.2
sync.2
tee.2
unlinkat.2
vmsplice.2
Michael Kerrisk [Lauri Kasanen]
Global fix: note glibc version that added library support
confstr.3
strcasecmp.3
strcat.3
strcmp.3
strcpy.3
strdup.3
strftime.3
strlen.3
strnlen.3
strpbrk.3
strspn.3
strtok.3
strxfrm.3
Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
Clarify that these functions operate on bytes, not (wide) characters
Change 'character(s)' to 'byte(s)' to make clear that these
functions operate on bytes, not wide / UTF8 characters.
(POSIX uses 'byte(s)' similarly, to make this point.)
icmp.7
ipv6.7
packet.7
raw.7
rtnetlink.7
unix.7
x25.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove names of constants from NAME line
Some of the sockets/network protocol pages included names of
the corresponding address family constants in the NAME line,
but this wasn't done consistently across all pages, and probably
it adds little value in those pages that did do this. So, remove
these constants from those pages that have them in the NAME
section.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
Expand description of CLOCK_REALTIME
Make it clear that this clock may be discontinuous, and is
affected my incremental NTP and clock-adjtime(2) adjustments.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=540872
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewording to deemphasize libc5 details
fork.2
Mike Frysinger
ERRORS: add ENOSYS
Can occur on, for example, non-MMU hardware.
getcpu.2
Mike Frysinger
Add RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to NOTES for more info about 'tcache'
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: reword a sentence to be clearer
io_cancel.2
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_submit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite to focus on system call API
Rewrite to focus on the system call interface, adding
some notes on the libaio wrapper differences.
See the following mail:
2012-05-07 "aio manuals", linux-man@vger
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/1935/focus=2910
Other minor rewrites.
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Comment out an old Linux libc detail
open.2
Nick Piggin [KOSAKI Motohiro, Jan Kara, Hugh Dickins]
Describe race of direct I/O and fork()
Rework 04cd7f64, which didn't capture the details correctly.
See the April/May 2012 linux-man@ mail thread "[PATCH]
Describe race of direct read and fork for unaligned buffers"
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/77571
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify discussion of wrapper function emulation
Clarify that glibc (as well as old libc) provides emulation
using select(2) on older kernels that don't have a poll()
system call.
Michael Kerrisk
Make the meaning of a zero timeout explicit
Clarify that timeout==0 causes an immediate return, even if
no file descriptors are ready.
pread.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kasper Dupont]
BUGS: Note O_APPEND + pwrite() does the wrong thing
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43178
recvmmsg.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the
system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel
scheduling delays.
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
Michael Kerrisk
Expand description of the self-pipe trick
Michael Kerrisk
Add further details on pselect6() system call that underlies pselect()
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'timeout' of semtimedop() is a *minimum* interval
Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the
system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel
scheduling delays.
signal.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'sig_t' requires _BSD_SOURCE
Also remove some old Linux libc details
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'timeout' of sigtimedwait() is a *minimum* interval
Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
stat.2
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Formatting fixes
From "groff -ww" (or "man --warnings=w ..."):
warning: around line 442: table wider than line width
GNU man uses line length of 78.
Use text blocks. Two spaces between sentences or better: start
each sentence in a new line.
syscalls.2
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Formatting fixes
From "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."):
warning: around line 157: table wider than line width
Have to use text blocks. Move some text to its correct column.
Split text to two columns to avoid hyphenation.
sysinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove reference to obsolete libc5
syslog.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some details about obsolete Linux libc
aio_cancel.3
aio_error.3
aio_fsync.3
aio_read.3
aio_return.3
aio_suspend.3
aio_write.3
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add/update ENOSYS error
aio_cancel.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify what happens when a request isn't successfully canceled
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointers to aio(7) and sigevent(7)
dbopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Add header file <fcntl.h>
Upstreamed from Debian, and consistent with FreeBSD
dbopen(3) man page.
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note details of POSIX.1-2008 specification of 'b' in 'mode'
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
BUGS: fmemopen() doesn't correctly set file position in some cases
If 'mode' is append, but 'size' does not cover a null byte
in 'buf', then fmemopen() incorrectly sets the initial file
position to -1, rather than the next byte after the end of
the buffer.
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13151
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: fmemopen() incorrectly handles size==0 case
If size is zero, fmemopen() fails, This is surprising behavior,
and not specified in POSIX.1-2008.
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11216
Reported-by; Alex Shinn <alexshinn@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: Note silent ABI change for fmemopen() in glibc 2.9
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
BUGS: Append mode does not force writes to append
Append mode correctly sets the initial offset but does
not force subsequent writes to append at end of stream.
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13152
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
BUGS: Note inconsistent treatment of 'b' in 'mode'
fopen() permits, for example, both "w+b" and "wb+",
but only the latter is meaningful to fmemopen().
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12836
fopencookie.3
Michael Kerrisk [Petr Baudis]
Correct description of return for user-supplied 'write' function
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2074
getaddrinfo.3
Jean-Michel Vourgère
Note that AI_ADDRCONFIG is not affected by loopback addresses
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=660479
iconv.3
Michael Kerrisk
Upstream useful NOTE from Debian
Warn the reader that the pointer arguments can't be
interpreted as C style strings. Also, note possible
alignment requirements for the referenced bytes sequences,
Michael Kerrisk
Write a better paragraph introducing iconv() and its arguments
isgreater.3
Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
Clarify that the arguments to these macros must be real-floating
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=609033
lio_listio.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that async notification occurs when *all* I/Os complete
makedev.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Correct return types of major() and minor()
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754188
Reported-by; Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com>
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add malloc_info(3)
malloc_get_state.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix wordos in function names in NAME line
mallopt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix example program
The example code was a version that was not consistent with
the shell output shown on the page.
Reported-bY: Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Michael Kerrisk
Restore accidentally omitted line in shell session
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add malloc_stats(3)
mmap64.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change target of link to mmap.2 (was mmap2.2)
Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk [Casper Dik]
Remove note about Solaris possibly returning a relative path
syslog.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Corderoy]
Document behavior when 'ident' argument to openlog() is NULL
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/382096
Michael Kerrisk
Update CONFORMING TO for POSIX.1-2008
POSIX.1-2008 doesn't change any details, but make
that more explicit.
undocumented.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some functions that have been documented
sd.4
Michael Kerrisk
Remove reference to nonexistent scsi(4) page
Upstreamed from RedHat / Fedora
sk98lin.4
Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hemminger]
Note that this driver was removed in 2.6.28
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/528020
passwd.5
Michael Kerrisk
Upstream pieces from Red Hat/Fedora
Note mention of empty password field.
Add description of "*NP*" in password field.
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor fixes and improvements
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN processes can override file-max
Upstreamed from red Hat / Fedora
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/[pid]/cgroup
Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Take a Debian improvement into upstream
tzfile.5
Michael Kerrisk
Mention timezone directories in DESCRIPTION
Note that timezone files are usually in /usr/lib/zoneinfo
or /usr/share/zoneinfo.
Michael Kerrisk
Drop SYNOPSIS
The SYNOPSIS doesn't correspond to a user-visible file.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add pointer to glibc source file timezone/tzfile.h
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tzset(3) and tzselect(8)
ascii.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Indent for "troff" makes table too wide
Fix following from "groff -t -ww ...":
warning: around line 53: table wider than line width
Extra indent for "troff" makes the table look misplaced
(default "ps" output).
cp1251.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
table too wide
From "nroff -ww -t ...":
warning: around line 44: table wider than line width
Columns are made narrower (column gutter decreased).
ipv6.7
Stefan Puiu
Add ENODEV error for bind() to link-local IPv6 address
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
Clarify that SIGLOST is unused
Michael Kerrisk
Comment out crufty BUGS text on SIGLOST
It must be a very long time since the statement there
about SIGLOST was true. (The text seems to date back to
1996.)
Michael Kerrisk
Update architectures for tables of signal numbers
utf-8.7
Brian M. Carlson
Two clarifications
This patch clarifies that 0xc0 and 0xc1 are not valid in any UTF-8
encoding[0], and it also references RFC 3629 instead of RFC 2279.
[0] In order to have 0xc0, you'd have to have a two-byte encoding
with all the data bits zero in the first byte (and thus only six
bits of data), which would be an ASCII character encoded in the
non-shortest form. Similarly with 0xc1.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=538641
ldconfig.8
nscd.8
Michael Kerrisk
Remove path prefix from NAME line
Command names shown in NAME are normally just the basename,
not the full pathname of the command.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.42 ====================
Released: 2012-08-14, Konolfingen
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Aaron Peschel <aaron.peschel@gmail.com>
Adrian Dabrowski <atrox@seclab.tuwien.ac.at>
Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Colin McCabe <cmccabe@alumni.cmu.edu>
Daniel Zingaro <daniel.zingaro@utoronto.ca>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@gmail.com>
Henry Hu <henry.hu.sh@gmail.com>
Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
Jim Hill <gjthill@gmail.com>
JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Kalle Olavi Niemitalo <kon@iki.fi>
Martin H <textshell-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.dyndns.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is>
Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Tolga Dalman <tolga.dalman@googlemail.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Sami Kerola
Global fix: use UR macro where applicable
The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create
links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One
way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser
display, e.g.:
man -H man7/uri.7
("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
Add security note on untrusted executables
See also http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/
and
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite discussion of sys_clone
futex.2
Марк Коренберг
Consolidate error descriptions to ERRORS
Michael Kerrisk
Various wording fix-ups
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of EINVAL error
The current text seems incorrect. Replace with a more general
description.
getdents.2
select_tut.2
atof.3
atoi.3
pthread_create.3
pthread_sigmask.3
rtime.3
setbuf.3
tsearch.3
netlink.7
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
Remove unneeded casts
get_robust_list.2
get_thread_area.2
getcpu.2
getdents.2
gettid.2
io_cancel.2
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_submit.2
ioprio_set.2
kexec_load.2
llseek.2
modify_ldt.2
mq_getsetattr.2
pivot_root.2
readdir.2
rt_sigqueueinfo.2
set_thread_area.2
sgetmask.2
spu_create.2
spu_run.2
subpage_prot.2
sysctl.2
tkill.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add note to SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper for system call
Reduce the chance that the reader may be misled into thinking
that there is a wrapper function for this system call by noting
explicitly in the SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper and
pointing the reader to NOTES for further details.
ioprio_set.2
Colin McCabe
Clarify the multithreaded behavior of ioprio_set(2)
Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг, Kalle Olavi Niemitalo]
Document who==0 for IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS and IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP
For IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, who==0 means operate on the caller.
For IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP, who==0 means operate on the caller's
process group.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=652443
migrate_pages.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter, JoonSoo Kim]
Fix description of return value
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
For MS_REMOUNT, source is ignored
mprotect.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
'addr' argument is not const
As reported by Rasmus:
Both my system's man-pages (3.22) and the latest online
(3.41) show:
int mprotect(const void *addr, size_t len, int prot);
as the prototype for mprotect(2). However, POSIX [1] and the
actual sys/mman.h (on all the systems I checked) do not have
the const qualifier on the first argument.
msgctl.2
semctl.2
shmctl.2
svipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Don't mention that ipc_perm is defined in <sys/ipc.h>
There's no need to mention that the 'ipc_perm' structure
is defined in <sys/ipc.h>. That's an implementation detail,
and furthermore <sys/ipc.h> is itself included by the other
System V IPC header files. The current text might lead the
reader to conclude that they must include <sys/ipc.h>, which
is not the case (it is required neither on Linux, nor by the
standards).
msgctl.2
msgget.2
msgop.2
semctl.2
semget.2
semop.2
shmctl.2
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> aren't strictly needed
Add text to NOTES to say that the <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h>
header files aren't required by Linux or the standards, but may
be needed for portability to old systems.
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko
Explain WNOHANG behavior and EINTR bug
I didn't like the "SIGKILL operates similarly, with exceptions"
phrase (if it's different, then it's not "similar", right?),
and now I got around to changing it. Now it says simply:
"SIGKILL does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore
the tracer can't suppress it."
Replaced "why WNOHANG is not reliable" example with a more
realistic one (the one which actually inspired to add this
information to man page in the first place): we got
ESRCH - process is gone! - but waitpid(WNOHANG) can still
confusingly return 0 "no processes to wait for".
Replaced "This means that unneeded trailing arguments may
be omitted" part with a much better recommendation
to never do that and to supply zero arguments instead.
(The part about "undocumentedness" of gcc behavior was bogus,
btw - deleted).
Expanded BUGS section with the explanation and an example
of visible strace behavior on the buggy syscalls which
exit with EINTR on ptrace attach. I hope this will lead
to people submitting better bug reports to lkml about
such syscalls.
seteuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc version where setegid() implementation changed
In glibc 2.2/2.3, setegid() switched from setregid() to setresgid().
set_tid_address.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rename 'ctid' argument for consistency with clone(2) page
Michael Kerrisk
Some rewordings and minor clarifications
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Zingaro]
Some wording clarifications
Mainly rewording things like "is delivered" to "becomes pending",
which is more accurate terminology.
syscall.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add some more details to the description of syscall(2)
And add another example of using syscall() to the program example.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kcmp(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Move discussion of set_zone_reclaim(2) out of main table
This system call was never visible to user space, so it makes
sense to move it out of the main table of system calls into
the notes below the table.
getifaddrs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Adrian Dabrowski]
Note that ifa_addr and ifa_netmask can be NULL
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
Handle -1 error from pathconf() in example code snippet
Improve the example demonstrating allocation of a buffer
for readdir_r() to handle -1 error return from pathconf().
Otherwise, naive readers may think that pathconf() return
value can be used without checking.
realpath.3
Shawn Landden
Use past tense with ancient history (libc4, libc5)
regex.3
Michael Kerrisk
Correct SEE ALSO reference to glibc manual "regex" section
rtime.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
Fix broken pointer cast in example code
sem_close.3
sem_destroy.3
sem_getvalue.3
sem_init.3
sem_open.3
sem_post.3
sem_unlink.3
sem_wait.3
sem_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that "cc -pthread" is required; "-lrt" no longer works
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/874418
sigwait.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reword "is delivered" to "becomes pending"
strcat.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add some text to emphasize the dangers of buffer overruns
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add discussion of strlcat()
strcpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that info is lost when strncpy() doesn't null terminate
Michael Kerrisk
Add some text to emphasize possibility of buffer runs with strcpy()
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add a discussion of strlcpy()
Inspired by https://lwn.net/Articles/506530/
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of the null-byte padding performed by strncpy()
tsearch.3
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: remove redundant discussion of unorthodox use of term "postorder"
This point is already covered at greater length in the main
text of the page (See the piece "More commonly, ...").
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify use for first argument to the twalk() 'action' function
There's a number of details in POSIX that are omitted in
the current version of this page.
Michael Kerrisk
Some wording fixes
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Note effect of madvise(2) MADV_DONTDUMP flag
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
glob.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Change 8 bit characters to 7 bit representation
Fixes rendering errors for accented 'a' characters.
Michael Kerrisk [Aaron Peschel]
Update bash(1) command used to obtain classical globbing behavior
The man page formerly noted the bash(1) v1 command to do this.
iso_8859-1.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Explanation of SOFT HYPHEN and the code for it
<groff: iso_8859-2.7>:89: warning: can't find special character `shc'
This is the only "iso_8859-*.7" file that has this (now)
undefined character. The code in column four in "iso_8859-1.7" is
"0x2D" ("HYPHEN, MINUS SIGN" or "HYPHEN-MINUS") instead of "0xAD".
See Debian bug 156154 (or package "manpages").
There should be an explanation for this graphic character and the
code should be 0xAD in iso_8859-1.7 (as in all others), even
though "[gn]roff" does not display a "HYPHEN" in that position of
the table.
The line with "SOFT HYPHEN" gets a footnote and a short
explanation.
mdoc.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Fixing a warning and a table
Fis warning from "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."):
<groff: mdoc.7>:294: warning:
tab character in unquoted macro argument
In one table the distance between columns is too small in the
"ps" output. (Bug in the groff "doc.tmac" macro?)
mdoc.samples.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Fix warnings from [ng]roff, corrections
From "man -ww ..." (groff -ww ...):
<standard input>:541: warning:
tab character in unquoted macro argument
[+3 similar warnings]
<standard input>:813: warning: macro `Pu' not defined
Usage: .Rv -std in sections 2 and 3 only (#1669)
mdoc warning: A .Bl directive has no matching .El (#1821)
String "Pu" defined as a row of punctuation characters.
".Bl" and ".El" fixed.
Some arguments, that start with a period or are the name of a
macro, protected with "\&".
Variable name for macro ".Rv" corrected.
netdevice.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Line in table too long
Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."):
nroff: netdevice.7: warning: around line 98:
table wider than line width
Fix: No right adjustment in text blocks in tables.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673873
netlink.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Line in table is too long
Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."):
nroff: netlink.7: warning: around line 195:
table wider than line width
Horizontal line incorporated into table.
No right adjustment of text blocks in tables.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673875
Simon Paillard [Herbert Xu]
Change description of "*_pid" fields to "Port ID"
As reported by Herbert Xu, these should not be considered as PIDs.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=383296
rtnetlink.7
Bjarni Ingi Gislason
Line in table too long
Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."):
nroff: rtnetlink.7: warning: around line 415:
table wider than line width
Column gutter reduced to fit line length.
Right adjustment in text blocks removed in tables.
Some header made centered in tables.
One table put on same page.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674051
socket.7
Martin H
Document SO_MARK socket option
Commit 4a19ec5800fc3bb64e2d87c4d9fdd9e636086fe0 in Jan 2008 added
the new SO_MARK socket option.
This patch is based on text from the commit message.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16461.
svipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Remove include of <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h>
Including <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> isn't needed on Linux
and isn't really relevant for the explanation on this page.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.43 ====================
Released: 2012-10-05, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Anatoli Klassen <anatoli@aksoft.net>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net>
Fredrik Arnerup <arnerup@kth.se>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org>
Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net>
Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
getenv.3
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Andreas Schwab]
Document secure_getenv(3)
New and changed links
---------------------
phys.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to unimplemented.2
secure_getenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to getenv.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/-/\\-/ when real hyphen is required (e.g., in code)
Various pages
David Prévot [Michael Kerrisk]
Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently
Rather than "kernel source".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: disable justification and hyphenation in SEE ALSO
For a better visual result, disable justification and hyphenation
in SEE ALSO where page names are long.
syscalls.2
uname.2
boot.7
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/OS/operating system/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Fredrik Arnerup]
Describe timeout limitation in kernels < 2.6.37
As reported by Fredrik (and as far as I can tell the problem
went back to 2.6.0):
The timeout argument has an upper limit. Any values above that
limit are treated the same as -1, i.e. to wait indefinitely.
The limit is given by:
#define EP_MAX_MSTIMEO min(1000ULL * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT / HZ, \
(LONG_MAX - 999ULL) / HZ)
That is, the limit depends on the size of a long and the timer
frequency. Assuming the long is never smaller than 32 bits
and HZ never larger than 1000, the worst case is 35 minutes.
I think this should be mentioned under "BUGS".
Although this is likely to be fixed in the future
(http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/8/144), the problem exists in
at least 2.6.14 - 2.6.35. I don't know if select(2) and poll(2)
are affected.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20762
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread
getitimer.2
Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner]
Note Linux's odd handling of the new_value==NULL case
Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner]
Fix types used to declare fields in timeval struct
keyctl.2
David Prévot
Reorder SEE ALSO, without .br
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread
select.2
Michael Kerrisk [Stephane Fillod]
Note behavior if monitored file descriptor is closed in another thread
Executive summary: a sane application can't rely on any
particular behavior if another thread closes a file descriptor
being monitored by select().
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=40852
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify equivalent pselect() code in terms of threads
s/sigprogmask/pthread_sigmask/
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Recast discussion of blocking behavior in terms of threads
semop() blocks the calling thread, not the process.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add clone(2)
Give reader a clue about CLONE_SYSVSEM.
shutdown.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
Document EINVAL error (and associated bug)
Eric Dumazet noted that EINVAL was not documented. Some further
digging shows that it's also not diagnosed consistently.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111.
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak SA_RESETHAND description
timer_settime.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small rewording around discussion of pointer arguments
wait4.2
Adrian Bunk
Note that these functions are nonstandard and recommend alternatives
Some edits to Adrian's patch by mtk.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: Note SUS details for wait3()
gnu_get_libc_version.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded "#define _GNU_SOURCE" from SYNOPSIS
pthread_kill.3
pthread_sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove wording "another"
Writing "another thread" in these pages implies that these
functions can't be used to send a signal to the calling thread
itself, which is of course untrue.
sigvec.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add "int" arg to sv_handler definition in sigvec structure
Michael Kerrisk
Fix small error in discussion of blocking of signals
The signal that causes the handler to be invoked is blocked,
but saying "by default" implies that this can be changed via
the API. It cannot. (One needs sigaction(2) for that.)
syslog.3
Simon Josefsson
Remove (apparently bogus) text claiming LOG_AUTH is deprecated
LOG_AUTH is in POSIX, and widely available. There
seems to be no basis to the claim it is deprecated.
Quoting Simon:
I cannot find any other source that claim LOG_AUTH is
deprecated in any way. LOG_AUTH is distinct from
LOG_AUTHPRIV. The GNU C Library manual only documents
LOG_AUTH. The header files contains both without any
comment. Common systems like Debian appear to refer to
both auth and authpriv facilities in syslog configurations.
Popular daemons appear to use both facilities.
Both facilities are discussed in several RFCs.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46091
ttyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add ctermid(3)
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify header file related to 'flags' field of /proc/PID/stat
Michael Kerrisk [Frédéric Brière]
Update description of 'starttime' field of /proc/PID/stat
The unit of measurement changed from jiffies to clock ticks in
Linux 2.6.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=675891
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks
Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document interaction of CAP_SYSLOG and /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add ipv6(7)
SEE ALSO: Add icmp(7)
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add some advice about disabling hyphenation in SEE ALSO
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Describe interpretation of slashes in dependency strings
Michael Kerrisk
Repeat note that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is ignored in privileged programs
This point is already noted when discussing search order for
libraries, but it's worth repeating under the specific discussion
of LD_LIBRARY_PATH further down the page.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details for LD_PRELOAD
Note that LD_PRELOAD list separator can be space or colon
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.44 ====================
Released: 2012-11-07, Barcelona
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Bert Hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
James Youngman <jay@gnu.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>
Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
delete_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality
Michael Kerrisk
Change license and copyright
There is now nothing left of the original FSF-copyrighted
page. So, change the copyright and license.
Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi, Rusty Russell]
Substantial reorganization after comments from Rusty Russell
Rusty notes that O_NONBLOCK is almost always used in
practice. Therefore, it would be better to reorganize
the page to consider that "the default".
init_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality
Michael Kerrisk
Change copyright and license
Little of the original page now remains. Change
copyright and license
Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
Changes after review comments from Rusty Russell
Kees Cook
Add various pieces describing Linux 2.6+ behavior
Pieces take from, or inspired by, a patch sent by Kees.
getauxval.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document getauxval() function added in glibc 2.16
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: Use consistent capitalization in NAME section
The line(s) in the NAME section should only use capitals
where English usage dictates that. Otherwise, use
lowercase throughout.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: "userspace" ==> "user space" or "user-space"
Existing pages variously use "userspace or "user space".
But, "userspace" is not quite an English word.
So change "userspace" to "user space" or, when used
attributively, "user-space".
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
clock_nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward
create_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6
Michael Kerrisk
Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document treatment of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG on execve()
Michael Kerrisk
Document treatment of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS securebits flag on execve()
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of default timer slack value on fork()
getdomainname.2
Simon Paillard [Lars Wirzenius]
Point out that these calls relate to NIS, not DNS
See http://bugs.debian.org/295635
get_kernel_syms.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6
ipc.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update note on architectures that don't have ipc()
Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM.
link.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add EPERM error triggered by /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlink
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
Kees Cook
update seccomp sections for mode 2 (BPF)
This adds a short summary of the arguments used
for "mode 2" (BPF) seccomp.
Michael Kerrisk
Small improvements to PR_SET_SECCOMP discussion
Note type of 'arg3' for SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER.
Add pointer to Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Note 'seccomp' semantics with respect to fork(), execve(), and prctl()
Michael Kerrisk
Document PR_SET_TIMERSLACK and PR_GET_TIMERSLACK
Michael Kerrisk
Reword PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME in terms of threads
Plus tfix
Kees Cook
document PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
This adds a short description of the no_new_privs bit,
as described in Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt.
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that some operations are not present on all architectures
PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_SETGREFS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS,
and PTRACE_GETSPREGS are not present on all architectures.
PTRACE_SYSEMU and PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP are present only
on x86.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=122383
query_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a few words clarifying reference to /sys/module
Michael Kerrisk
Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6
Michael Kerrisk
Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add modinfo(8) and lsinfo(8)
Michael Kerrisk
Move some information in NOTES to VERSIONS
socketcall.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update note on architectures that don't have socketcall()
Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM.
times.2
Thomas Habets
Recommend clock_gettime(2) as alternative to times(2)
clock_getcpuclockid.3
Michael Kerrisk
Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward
fts.3
Simon Paillard [James Youngman]
Improve description of physical vs. logical tree walking
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=633505
getenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/meminfo
Info mostly taken from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
and Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Default for /proc/sys/fs/protected_{hardlinks,symlinks} is now 0
The default setting of 1 in/proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
and /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks caused one too many
breakages for Linus's taste, so commit 561ec64ae67e changed
the default for both files to 0.
Note system call error yielded by /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks
Note that violating 'protected_symlinks' restrictions
causes system calls to fail with the error EACCES.
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 2.6.27, /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe depends on CONFIG_MODULES
ipv6.7
Bert Hubert
Document IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note rules for capitalization in NAME section
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subsection on timer slack
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.45 ====================
Released: 2012-12-21, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Felipe Pena <felipensp@gmail.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Gao Feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Jim Paris <jim@jtan.com>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Rens van der Heijden <rens.vanderheijden@uni-ulm.de>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Thierry Vignaud <thierry.vignaud@gmail.com>
Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com>
YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
s390_runtime_instr.2
Jan Glauber
New page for s390-specific s390_runtime_instr(2)
if_nameindex.3
YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
Document if_nameindex(3) and if_freenameindex(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Edits, improvements and corrections to Hideaki's page
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
if_nametoindex.3
YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
New page documenting if_nametoindex(3) and if_indextoname(3)
New and changed links
---------------------
if_freenameindex.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to if_nameindex.3
if_indextoname.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to if_nametoindex.3
Global changes
--------------
sysconf.3
cciss.4
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/runtime/run time/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since 2.6.30, CLONE_NEWIPC also supports POSIX message queues
delete_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small rewording of description of effect of O_TRUNC
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner]
Document Linux's nonstandard treatment or RLIMIT_CPU soft limit
Upon encountering the RLIMIT_CPU soft limit when a SIGXCPU handler
has been installed, Linux invokes the signal handler *and* raises
the soft limit by one second. This behavior repeats until the
limit is encountered. No other implementation that I tested
(Solaris 10, FreeBSD 9.0, OpenBSD 5.0) does this, and it seems
unlikely to be POSIX-conformant. The (Linux-specific)
RLIMIT_RTTIME soft limit exhibits similar behavior.
Michael Kerrisk
Point reader at discussion of /proc/[pid]/limits in proc(5)
io_getevents.2
Michael Kerrisk
io_getevents() may cause segfault when called with invalid ctx_id
For reference see: http://marc.info/?l=linux-aio&m=130089887002435&w=2
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC since 3.4
sendmmsg.2
Elie De Brauwer
Add example program for sendmmsg()
stat.2
Simon Paillard
Clarify description of EOVERFLOW error
The EOVERFLOW error is not only for st_size, but also
inode and block size fields. See glibc source file
sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/xstatconv.c and kernel source
file fs/stat.c. Also, fix bit/byte confusion
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604928
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update various references to "i386" to "x86"
Michael Kerrisk
Add s390_runtime_instr(2)
sysctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL
Michael Kerrisk
Calls to sysctl() log warnings to the kernel log since 2.6.24
syslog.2
Michael Kerrisk
Substantially reorganize discussion of commands
Make the layout of the discussion of the commands
more readable.
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel symbolic 'type' names
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD semantics
SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD returns the number of bytes
available for reading via SYSLOG_ACTION_READ.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify where SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL places data it reads
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify semantics of SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR
The SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR command (5) does not really clear
the ring buffer; rather it affects the semantics of what
is returned by commands 3 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL) and
4 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_CLEAR).
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify discussion of privileges for commands 3 and 10
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: Document odd waitid() behavior when 'infop' is NULL
getifaddrs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau]
Update description of ifa_data to Linux 2.6+ reality
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778
memcmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION
Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between
first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")."
mkstemp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Deemphasize discussion of mode 066 in glibc 2.0.6
Glibc 2.0.6 is now so ld that the discussion of details
of that version can be deemphasized placing just under
NOTES.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51811
strcmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION
Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between
first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")."
ttyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix confused text in ERRORS
The existing text suggested that the ERRORS applied
only for ttyname_r(). However, 2 of the 3 errors
can occur for ttyname().
undocumented.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some now documented functions
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Jim Paris]
Correct description of SwapFree in /proc/meminfo
Michael Kerrisk
Note change of /proc/[pid]/limits file permissions in 2.6.36
resolv.conf.5
Simon Paillard
Document IPv6 format for nameserver
See: http://bugs.debian.org/610036
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk [Rens van der Heijden]
Correct URL for POSIX.1e draft
ipv6.7
Gao Feng
Add description of getsockopt() for IPV6_MTU
In IPv4,IP_MTU is only supported by getsockopt.
In IPv6, we can use IPV6_MTU to set socket's MTU,
but the return value of getsockopt() is the path MTU.
rtnetlink.7
Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau]
Update description of IFLA_STATS to Linux 2.6+ reality
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk [YOSHIFUJI Hideaki]
Document 'sockaddr' and 'sockaddr_storage' types
Andi Kleen
Explain effect of SO_SNDTIMEO for connect()
When SO_SNDTIMEO is set before connect(), then connect()
may return EWOULDBLOCK when the timeout fires.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.46 ====================
Released: 2013-01-27, Canberra
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andrew Perepechko <andrew_perepechko@xyratex.com>
Cédric Boutillier <cedric.boutillier@gmail.com>
Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Daan Spitz <daan.f.spitz@gmail.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Garrett Cooper <yanegomi@gmail.com>
James Noble <James.Noble@daktronics.com>
Justin Lebar <justin.lebar@gmail.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Maxin B. John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Gorny <mgorny@gentoo.org>
Peter Budny <bigpeteb@gmail.com>
Peter Lekeynstein <lekensteyn@gmail.com>
Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Samuel Thibault <sthibault@debian.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Starlight <starlight.2013q1@binnacle.cx>
Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Wolfgang Rohdewald <wolfgang@rohdewald.de>
Zsbán Ambrus <ambrus@math.bme.hu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
kcmp.2
Cyrill Gorcunov, Michael Kerrisk
New page for kcmp(2)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
init_module.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Rusty Russell, Lucas De Marchi]
Document finit_module(2)
Rusty Russell [Lucas De Marchi, Kees Cook]
Document finit_module() 'flags' argument
Document MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_MODVERSIONS and
MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_VERMAGIC. (Some edits by mtk.)
New and changed links
---------------------
finit_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to init_module.2
__after_morecore_hook.3
__free_hook.3
__malloc_initialize_hook.3
__memalign_hook.3
__realloc_hook.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to malloc_hook.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/tty/terminal/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel versions for various CLONE_* constants
Michael Kerrisk
CLONE_NEWIPC governs mechanisms that don't have filesystem pathnames
Michael Kerrisk
CLONE_NEWIPC doesn't mount the POSIX MQ file system
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program (CLONE_NEWUTS)
Michael Kerrisk
Some reworking of CLONE_NEWIPC text
No substantial content changes.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2)
SEE ALSO: add setns(2)
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
FALLOC_FL_* flags are defined in glibc only since 2.18
getxattr.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Perepechko, ]
Note that ENOATTR is a synonym for ENODATA
Various people have pointed out that strace(1) shows ENODATA
for the case where the named attribute does not exist, or
the process has no access to this attribute. ENODATA
and ENOATTR are in fact defined as synonyms. Point this out
in the man page, so that people understand the strace(1) info.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51871
getxattr.2
listxattr.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
Put errors under ERRORS section
The errno values on these pages were listed in a nonstandard
way under the RETURN VALUE section. Put them in ERRORS sections.
init_module.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
ERRORS: Add errors for module signatures (EBADMSG, ENOKEY)
link.2
mkdir.2
mknod.2
open.2
rename.2
symlink.2
write.2
mkfifo.3
Mark Hills
Document EDQUOT error
The return error EDQUOT is not documented in open(2), write(2),
symlink(2) etc.
Whether inodes or disk blocks are required for each function
is something I based on received wisdom and BSD documentation,
rather than tracing the code to the kernel. For symlink(2)
this certainly depends on the file system type.
listxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o]
Fix RETURN VALUE description
On success, 0 may be returned, so change wording from
"positive number" to "nonnegative number".
outb.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add SYNOPSIS
prctl.2
Kees Cook
Document PR_SET_PTRACER
Document the Yama LSM's prctl handler that allows processes to
declare ptrace restriction exception relationships via
PR_SET_PTRACER.
Michael Kerrisk
Make it explicit that PR_SET_PTRACER replaces previous setting
The attribute is a scalar, not a list.
Shawn Landden
Document EINVAL error for PR_SET_PTRACER
Michael Kerrisk
Document PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
Michael Kerrisk
Place PTRACE_SETOPTIONS list in alphabetical order
query_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Must be called using syscall(2)
Yes, the call is way obsolete, but add this info
for completeness.
recvmmsg.2
Elie De Brauwer
Add/correct kernel version info for recvmmsg() and MSG_WAITFORNONE
This patch isolates the since/version related fixes as requested.
This change introduces the following delta:
* The page states it was added in 2.6.32 but it is only added
2.6.33 (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_33)
* The MSG_WAITFORONE flag was in turn only added in 2.6.34
(ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_34)
Elie De Brauwer
Add an example program
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add example program
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk [Zsbán Ambrus]
Note feature test macro requirements for 'siginfo_t'
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52931
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kern_features(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add utrap_install(2)
Sparc-specific, present since ancient times
Michael Kerrisk
Add finit_module(2)
sysctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Garrett Cooper]
ERRORS: EACCES as a synonym for EPRM
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731
and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/11413/focus=957635
From: Garrett Cooper <yanegomi <at> gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [LTP] [PATCH] sysctl03: sysctl returns EACCES after 2.6.33-rc1
Newsgroups: gmane.linux.kernel, gmane.linux.ltp
Date: 2010-03-04 18:35:33 GMT
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update NOTES on unimplemented flags
Michael Kerrisk
Fix text problems in description of CLONE_FS
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2)
SEE ALSO: add setns(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder CLONE_NEWUTS entry in list
difftime.3
Michael Kerrisk [Michal Gorny]
Remove crufty text about 'time_t' on "other systems"
Back in 2006, some text came in via Debian patches that seems
crufty. Remove it.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731
getaddrinfo.3
getnameinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Budny]
Fix some confused references to function names
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52741
getspnam.3
Michael Kerrisk [Wolfgang Rohdewald]
ERRORS: Add EACCES
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52681
__setfpucw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add proper page cross refs for alternate functions
core.5
proc.5
Kees Cook
Clarify suid_dumpable versus core_pattern
In Linux 3.6, additional requirements were placed on core_pattern
when suid_dumpable is set to 2. Document this and include commit
references.
Justin Lebar
statm's "shared" field refers to pages backed by files
I noticed that statm's "shared" field doesn't match the sum of
all the "shared" entries in smaps [1].
The kernel docs explain that statm's "shared" field is "number of
pages that are shared (i.e. backed by a file)" [2]. smaps appears
to call a page shared if it's mapped by at least two processes,
which explains this discrepancy.
I'm not a kernel hacker, but it appears to me they do mean "i.e."
and not "e.g." in the statm description: In
fs/proc/task_mmu.c::task_statm, I see
*shared = get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES);
Here's a patch which updates the man page to match the (hopefully
correct) kernel docs.
[1] https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=807181
[2] http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt;h=a1793d670cd01bd374eddf54ffdfc768504291ff;hb=HEAD
proc.5
Kees Cook
Put /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug in alphabetical order
Kees Cook
Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict
Kees Cook
Linux 3.4 changed permissions needed to change kptr_restrict
Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard]
Add field numbers for /proc/PID/stat
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413
Add numbering to /proc/stat "cpu" fields
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize text describing /proc/stat "cpu" fields
Michael Kerrisk
Rewording of suid_dumpable text after comments from Kees Cook
Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard]
Add field numbers for /proc/[pid]/statm
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/stat "cpu" "nice_guest" field
Info taken from commit ce0e7b28fb75cb003cfc8d0238613aaf1c55e797
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Lekeynstein]
Document /prod/[pid]/oom_score_adj
Text taken directly from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt,
with some light editing.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50421
shells.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add /etc/bash to list of example shells
ttytype.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add proper xref for termcap and terminfo pages
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add kcmp(2) under CAP_SYS_PTRACE
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update description of Section 7
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.47 ====================
Released: 2013-02-12, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Radek Pazdera <rpazdera@redhat.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Vince Weaver <vweaver1@eecs.utk.edu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
perf_event_open.2
Vincent Weaver
New page documenting perf_event_open(2)
pthread_setname_np.3
Chandan Apsangi, Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_setname_np(3) and pthread_getname_np(3)
sln.8
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
New page documenting the 'sln' command provided by glibc
Inspired by a Red Hat downstream page, but with rather
more detail.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden, Lennart Poettering]
Document PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER and PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
ip.7
Radek Pazdera
Add source-specific multicast sockopts
This patch adds documentation of several source-specific multicast
socket options that were added to kernel with implementation
of IGMPv3 in 2.5.68.
The following socket options were added:
IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP
IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP
IP_BLOCK_SOURCE
IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE
IP_MSFILTER
Pages moved across sections
---------------------------
getcontext.3
Michael Kerrisk
This page really belongs in Section 3 (moved from Section 2)
getdtablesize.3
Michael Kerrisk
Move from Section 2
New and changed links
---------------------
getcontext.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make link to page moved into Section 3
getdtablesize.2
Michael Kerrisk
Link to renamed getdtablesize.3
setcontext.2
Michael Kerrisk
Modify link to point to Section 3
pthread_getname_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_setname_np.3
setcontext.3
Michael Kerrisk
Link to getcontext page renamed into Section 3
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1)
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add flock(1)
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add exit(2)
getpriority.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: note that nice value is per-thread on Linux
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add prlimit(1)
gettid.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add various system calls that use thread IDs
ioprio_set.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ionice(1)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add taskset(1)
sched_setparam.2
Michael Kerrisk
Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux
Direct the reader to the discussion in sched_setscheduler(2).
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chrt(1)
setsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add setsid(1)
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
ERRORS: Add EIDRM
Taken from Red Hat downstream patch
sigaction.2
makecontext.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change getcontext/setcontext page ref to Section 3
signal.2
Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
Clarify System V vs BSD semantics for signal()
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
The list on this page is not just syscalls common to all platforms
Michael Kerrisk
Add perfctr(2)
Add ppc_rtas(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version number of utrap_install(2)
unimplemented.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Remove mention of kernel version number in DESCRIPTION
inet.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Fix error in EXAMPLE using inet_aton()
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=837090
Patch taken from Red Hat downstream.
posix_fallocate.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1)
regex.3
Reuben Thomas
Clarify details of matching
The first is that it's far from clear that the end points of the
complete string match are stored in the zero'th element of the
regmatch_t array; secondly, the phrase "next largest substring
match" is positively misleading, implying some sort of size
ordering, whereas in fact they are ordered according to their
appearance in the regex pattern.
scanf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify meaning of "string conversions" for 'm' modifier
Mike Frysinger
Update %a vs %m documentation
POSIX.1-2008 adopted the 'm' flag for dynamic allocation. Update
page to cover it and relegate the glibc-specific 'a' flag to
NOTES.
strtol.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Replace some bogus text about "thousands separator"
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=652870
sysconf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Use "_SC_PAGESIZE" consistently on page
s/_SC_PAGE_SIZE/_SC_PAGESIZE/ in one instance.
From Red Hat downstream patch.
nscd.conf.5
Peter Schiffer
Add max-db-size and auto-propagate descriptions, default values, + misc
* added missing valid services (services and netgroup)
* added many default values for options
* reordered options according to the nscd.conf file
(logical order)
* added 2 missing options: max-db-size and auto-propagate
nsswitch.conf.5
Peter Schiffer
Mention initgroups db
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/profile
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Update /proc/sys/fs/file-nr to include Linux 2.6 details
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify relationship between file-max and file-nr
The third value in /proc/sys/fs/file-nr is the same as
the value in /proc/sys/fs/file-max.
Michael Kerrisk
Note message written to kernel log when file-max limit is hit
Info from Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention lscpu(1) under discussion of /proc/cpuinfo
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Document "single-request-reopen" option
Taken from Red Hat downstream patch
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=717770
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/3161
utmp.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1)
cpuset.7
Simon Paillard
Add missing 'cpuset.' prefix for some flags
See kernel commit e21a05cb408bb9f244f11a0813d4b355dad0822e
svipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ipcmk(1), ipcrm(1), ipcs(1)
termio.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), stty(1), tty(4)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
LD_VERBOSE does not work with ld.so --list and --verify
From Red Hat downstream patch
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=532629
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sln(8)
zdump.8
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Bring up to date with zdump --help
Patch taken from Red Hat downstream.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.48 ====================
Released: 2013-03-05, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Aristeu Rozanski <aris@ruivo.org>
Colin Walters <walters@verbum.org>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Flavio Leitner <fbl@redhat.com>
Graham Gower <graham.gower@gmail.com>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Kai Kunschke <kai@kunfoo.org>
Marcela Maslanova <mmaslano@redhat.com>
Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
Marshel Abraham <Marshel.Abraham@in.bosch.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Nathan Stratton Treadway <kernelbugs@nathanst.com>
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Simon Heimberg <simohe@besonet.ch>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
getunwind.2
Marcela Maslanova
New page documenting getunwind(2)
Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages set
Michael Kerrisk
Much rewriting
Some text taken from arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c.
perfmonctl.2
Ivana Varekova
New page documenting IA-64-specific perfmonctl(2)
Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT
Add VERSIONS and CONFORMING TO
Note that there is no glibc wrapper
Remove PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS, PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
These don't exist, and it appears they never have.
Fix argument types for PFM_WRITE_PMCS, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, PFM_READ_PMDS
The types that were being used don't exist!
Briefly document PFM_GET_FEATURES, PFM_DEBUG, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL
gai.conf.5
Ulrich Drepper
New page documenting gai.conf
Taken from Red Hat downstream pages
nss.5
Ulrich Drepper
New page describing nss.conf
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clock_getres.2
Cyril Hrubis
Document CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE
Cyril Hrubis
Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
Michael Kerrisk
Some improvements to CLOCK_BOOTTIME description
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko
Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET, PTRACE_SEIZE, and friends
Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET,
PTRACE_SEIZE, PTRACE_INTERRUPT, and PTRACE_LISTEN.
New and changed links
---------------------
fattach.2
fdetach.2
getmsg.2
isastream.2
putmsg.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
New link to unimplemented.2
Taken from Red Hat downstream.
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Many pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Many pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: use consistent capitalization in .SS headings
Capitalization in .SS sections across pages (and sometimes even
within a single page) is wildly inconsistent. Make it consistent.
Capitalize first word in heading, but otherwise use lower case,
except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) or programming
language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate otherwise.
Many pages
Michael Kerrisk [Denys Vlasenko]
Remove double blank lines in output
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Fix order of SH sections
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
NAME: Add "accept4"
access.2
Colin Walters
Note that access() may also fail for FUSE
Since in some cases (e.g. libguestfs's guestmount) it also has the
semantics where files can appear owned by root, but are actually
mutable by the user, despite what one might infer from the Unix
permissions.
getpeername.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kai Kunschke]
Clarify semantics of getpeername() for datagram sockets
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674034
getuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicate section heading
mmap.2
Cyril Hrubis
Add note about partial page in BUGS section
This adds a note about Linux behavior with partial page at the end
of the object. The problem here is that a page that contains only
part of a file (because the file size is not multiple of PAGE_SIZE)
stays in page cache even after the mapping is unmapped and the file
is closed. So if some process dirties such page, other mappings
will see the changes rather than zeroes.
Michael Kerrisk [Török Edwin]
Some 'flags' values require a feature test macro to be defined
Add text to NOTES noting that some MAP_* constants are
defined only if a suitable feature test macro is defined.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=542601
Cyril Hrubis
Document EOVERFLOW error
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify list of file creation flags
POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarified this, so that O_CLOEXEC,
O_DIRECTORY, and O_NOFOLLOW are also in this list.
prctl.2
Cyrill Gorcunov
Add some details for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS
read.2
Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
Clarify interaction of count==0 and error checking
POSIX deliberately leaves this case open, so the man
page should be less specific about what happens.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533232
Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann]
Remove crufty text about O_NONBLOCK on files
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=700529
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details for seekable files
unimplemented.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Add various STREAMS interfaces to NAME
Taken from Red Hat downstream.
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407
cexp2.3
Michael Kerrisk
Still does not exist in glibc 2.17
exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that a call to execve() clears exit handler registrations
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add gai.conf(5)
malloc_trim.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicate section title
printf.3
Marshel Abraham [Graham Gower, Graham Gower]
Fix error handling in example code
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23282
pthread_yield.3
Michael Kerrisk [Aristeu Rozanski]
Add _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro to SYNOPSIS
resolver.3
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk [Nathan Stratton Treadway, Simon Heimberg]
RES_DEBUG is only available if glibc is compiled with debug support
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=692136
and https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43061
strtol.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Remove crufty text from previous fix
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document CONFIG_COREDUMP
capabilities.7
Andrey Vagin
Nonexistent bits are no longer shown as set in /proc/PID/status Cap*
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
A monitoring process can't easily distinguish events triggered by itself
ip.7
Flavio Leitner [Peter Schiffer]
Improve explanation about calling listen() or connect()
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe rules for capitalization in .SS headings
rtnetlink.7
Pavel Emelyanov
Add info about ability to create links with given index
Since kernel v3.7 the RTM_NEWLINK message now accepts nonzero
values in ifi_index field. Mention this fact in the respective
rtnetlink.7 section.
socket.7
Pavel Emelyanov
SO_BINDTODEVICE is now readable
SO_BINDTODEVICE is readable since kernel 3.8.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.49 ====================
Released: 2013-03-10, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Global changes
--------------
The goal of the changes below to consistently format copyright
and license information in the comments in the page source
at the top of each page. This allows for easy scripting to
extract that information. Following these changes the comments
the top of the page source should now consistently have the form:
.\" <copyright info, possibly spread over several lines>
.\"
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(<license-type>)
.\" <license text>
.\" %%%LICENSE_END
.\" <other comments>
Note that the 'license-type' is merely descriptive. Its purpose is
to simplify scripting for the purpose of gathering statistics on
types of licenses used in man-pages. It is NOT a statement about
the actual licensing of the page; that license is contain INSIDE the
LICENSE_START...LICENSE_END clause.
All pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add a LICENSE_START()...LICENSE_END clause in source at
top of each page that encapsulates the license text.
Michael Kerrisk
Put copyright info at top of page, followed by blank line and LICENSE
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "Hey Emacs" comment in page source
Only certain pages have this; there is no consistency, so
remove it from all pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "-*- nroff -*-" comment at top of source
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.50 ====================
Released: 2013-03-15, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Bernhard Kuemel <bernhard@bksys.at>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Erik Saule <erik.saule@bmi.osu.edu>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs <friedel@nomaden.org>
Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Jose Luis Domingo Lopez <debian@24x7linux.com>
Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
canonicalize_file_name.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite page, adding much more detail
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/END_LICENSE/LICENSE_END/
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/bitmask/bit mask/
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
getent.1
Mark R Bannister
netgroup description incorrectly refers to initgroups
capget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update URL for libcap
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Port access permission bits (ioperm()) are turned off in the child
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
'timeout' is a minimum duration that the call will wait, not a maximum
ioperm.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that iopl() level of 3 is needed to access ports
Michael Kerrisk
'num' is *bits* not bytes!
Michael Kerrisk
Linux 2.6.8 lifted the port limit to 65,536
See http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/202624/
From: Stas Sergeev <stsp <at> aknet.ru>
Subject: [patch][rfc] Larger IO bitmap
Date: 2004-05-07 19:55:03 GMT
Michael Kerrisk
ioperm() operates on the calling *thread* (not process)
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify meaning of 'turn_on' argument
Plus form formatting fixes.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that default state of permission bits in child is off
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add mention of /proc/ioports
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add outb(2)
iopl.2
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_RAWIO is required to *raise* the I/O privilege level
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that the two least significant bits of 'level' are what matter
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add outb(2)
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add version information for all (other) syscalls
Michael Kerrisk
Add perfmonctl(2)
futimes.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder]
ERRORS: Add ENOSYS for lutimes()
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=620746
getpass.3
Michael Kerrisk [Erik Saule]
Suggest use of the ECHO flag as an alternative
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=644261
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document GNU extensions for EACCES and ENOENT errors
stdarg.3
Michael Kerrisk [Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs]
Describe va_copy()
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=575077
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk [Bernhard Kuemel]
Mention that noncanonical mode does not do input processing
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=643854
random.4
Elie De Brauwer
Document write and document the ioctl interface of /dev/random
The update consists out of two parts:
- a minor thing which just documents what happens if a write to
/dev/(u)random is performed, which is used in the example
script but not explicitly mentioned.
- the other (biggest) part is the documentation of the ioctl()
interface which /dev/(u)random exposes. This ioctl() lives in
drivers/char/random.c and the primitives can be found in
include/linux/random.h
One comment remains, there used to be an RNDGETPOOL ioctl() which
disappeared in v2.6.9. I found two patches on the net:
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.8.1/2.6.8.1-mm4/broken-out/dev-random-remove-rndgetpool-ioctl.patch
- https://lkml.org/lkml/2004/3/25/168
But as far as I can tell the first one got applied but the 2nd
one seems more correct. The result is that even today one can
still find traces of the RNDGETPOOL ioctl() in the header files.
Is this there for historical reasons or because it might break
userspace, even though using it will just give an EINVAL.
bootparam.7
Jose Luis Domingo Lopez
Document 'rootfstype' option
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182014
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add various pieces under CAP_SYS_RAWIO
Info obtained by grepping the kernel source.
Michael Kerrisk
Add CAP_SYS_RESOURCE /proc/PID/oom_score_adj case
netlink.7
Andrey Vagin
Add a note about broadcast messages to multiple groups
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Define _GNU_SOURCE to obtain the definition of 'struct ucred'
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572210
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.51 ====================
Released: 2013-04-17, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andreas Jaeger <aj@suse.de>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Damien Grassart <damien@grassart.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Krzysztof Konopko <krzysztof.konopko@gmail.com>
Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nicolas Hillegeer <nicolas@hillegeer.com>
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Radek Pazdera <rpazdera@redhat.com>
Ralph Loader <suckfish@ihug.co.nz>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
The Wanderer <wanderer@fastmail.fm>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
sched_rr_get_interval.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms
proc.5
Pavel Emelyanov
Document /proc/[pid]/map_files directory
This directory was added in Linux v3.3 and provides info about
files being mmap-ed in a way very similar to how /proc/[pid]/fd
works.
v2: Added examples of how links look like and noted dependency
on kernel config option CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE.
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Various pages
Simon Paillard
License headers: consistent format
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/since kernel/since Linux/
Various System V IPC pages in Section 2
Michael Kerrisk
Add "System V" to .TH line and text
Make it clear that these pages relate to System V IPC,
not POSIX IPC.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
Michael Kerrisk [The Wanderer]
Clarify RETURN VALUE for F_OK
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=705293
alarm.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the description of behavior when 'seconds' is 0
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
Add prototype for syscall to SYNOPSIS
And further clarify the distinction between the system call
and the wrapper function in the introductory text.
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Clarify differences between clone2() syscall and wrapper function
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Note those architectures where the sys_clone argument order differs
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Add short subsection noting that blackfin, m68k, and sparc are different
Michael Kerrisk
Move clone2() text to subsection in description
The description of ia64 clone2() should follow the discussion
of the raw system call interface.
Michael Kerrisk
Change subhead for ia64 discussion
getcpu.2
Michael Kerrisk
Recommend that 'tcache' should be specified as NULL nowadays
io_cancel.2
Jeff Moyer, Michael Kerrisk [Cyril Hrubis]
Improve description
io_destroy.2
Jeff Moyer
Improve description
The description was rather vague, citing a "list of I/O contexts"
and stating that it "can" cancel outstanding requests. This
update makes things more concrete so that the reader knows exactly
what's going on.
io_getevents.2
Jeff Moyer
The 'timeout' argument is not updated
I looked back through the kernel code, and the timeout was
never updated in any case. I've submitted a patch upstream
to change the comment above io_getevents.
io_setup.2
Jeff Moyer
Clarify nr_events
nr_events is technically the number of completion events that can
be stored in the completion ring. The wording of the man page:
"capable of receiving at least nr_events" seems dubious to me,
only because I worry that folks might interpret that to mean
'nr_events' total, instead of 'nr_events' concurrently.
Further, I've added information on where to find the per-user
limit on 'nr_events', /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr. Let me know if
you think that is not relevant.
listxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain use of 'size' argument
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger]
_GNU_SOURCE must be defined to get SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE definitions
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15312
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointers to relevant /proc files described in proc(5)
posix_fadvise.2
pread.2
readahead.2
sync_file_range.2
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to syscall(2) for ABI semantics on certain 32-bit architectures
Also: in sync_file_range.2 and posix_fadvise.2 remove description
of conventional calling signature as flawed, and in
posix_fadvise.2, de-emphasize focus on ARM, and rather phrase
as a more general discussion of certain architectures.
readdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
readdir(2) doesn't exist on x86-64
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the discussion of 'semadj'
shmctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to proc(5) for description of /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced
syscall.2
Changhee Han
Add notes that caution users when passing arguments to syscall()
For example, passing 'long long' on ARM-32 requires special
treatment.
Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
Document the exact calling convention for architecture system calls
Mike Frysinger [Kyle McMartin]
Add PA-RISC details under calling conventions
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Refine discussion of ARM and other ABIs
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update kernel version number at start of list
umask.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add acl(5)
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
fopencookie.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Loader]
Correct definition of cookie_io_functions_t
pthread_setname_np.3
Andrew Clayton
The thread argument is passed in by value
readir.3
seekdir.3
telldir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Eliminate the implication that these functions deal with "offsets"
The directory position dealt with by the readdir() and
friends is not a simple file offset in modern file systems.
Typically, it is some kind of cookie value. Add text and
make other changes to these pages to eliminate the
implication that this is an offset, and warn the reader
that directory positions should be treated strictly as
opaque values.
In the process, rename the 'offset' argument of seekdir(3)
to 'loc', and add some text to readdir(3) to note that
the 'd_off' field is the same value returned by telldir(3)
at the current directory position.
See also https://lwn.net/Articles/544298/
scalb.3
Mark H Weaver
Fix prototypes for scalbf() and scalbl()
sched_getcpu.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
ualarm.3
Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Hillegeer]
Add note on the behavior when 'usecs' is zero
POSIX.1-2001 does not specify the behavior in this case
and no other system that I checked documented the behavior.
Probably, most or all systems do what Linux does in this
case: cancel any pending alarm, just as alarm(0) does.
Add that info in NOTES.
elf.5
Mike Frysinger
Add byte positions for all EI_xxx fields
When describing e_ident, most of the EI_xxx defines mention the
exact byte number. This is useful when manually hacking an ELF
with a hex editor. However, the last few fields don't do this,
which means you have to count things up yourself.
Add a single word to each so you don't have to do that.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to sched_rr_get_interval(2) for info on sched_rr_timeslice_ms
Since Linux 3.9, /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms can
be used to change the SCHED_RR quantum.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add sysctl(8)
Krzysztof Konopko
Simplify the example of printing out environ
The binutils package contains a very handy utility to
print out null-byte delimited strings from a file. This
can replace a rather complex expression with cat(1)
provided as an example for printing out /proc/[pid]/environ.
Michael Kerrisk
Update /proc/PID/maps example
Update to 64-bit example that includes "[heap]", "[stack],
and "[vdso]"
Michael Kerrisk
Formatting fixes for /proc/PID/maps
Mike Frysinger
Document the "pathname" field of /proc/PID/maps
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to capabilities(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/maps: add a reference to mmap(2)
ip.7
Radek Pazdera
Document IP_MULTICAST_ALL
This commit adds documentation for the IP_MULTICAST_ALL socket
option.
The option was added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.31:
Author Nivedita Singhvi <niv@us.ibm.com>
Commit f771bef98004d9d141b085d987a77d06669d4f4f
The description is based on a previous one [3] posted by the
original author of the code -- Nivedita, but it is slightly
re-worded.
I tested it myself and it works as described.
References:
[1] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c#L972
[2] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/igmp.c#L2267
[3] http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/28902/
units.7
Brian M. Carlson
units should use an actual µ
The units(7) man page uses an ASCII u in place of the actual Greek
letter mu. Since we're in the twenty-first century, with
UTF-8-compatible terminals and terminal emulators, we should use
the actual letter µ instead of an ASCII approximation.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=704787
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.52 ====================
Released: 2013-07-04, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Andrea Remondini <andrea@undeadlinks.com>
Anthony Foiani <anthony.foiani@gmail.com>
Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Manuel Traut <manut@linutronix.de>
Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter LaDow <petela@gocougs.wsu.edu>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Regid <regid23@nt1.in>
Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@redhat.com>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Add PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP documentation
The perf_event_open() ENABLE/DISABLE/RESET ioctls can take an
argument, PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP. This wasn't documented at all
until about a year ago (despite the support being there from
the beginning) so I missed this when initially writing
the man page.
socket.7
Pavel Emelyanov, Michael Kerrisk
Document SO_PEEK_OFF option
Since Linux 3.4 there appeared an ability to specify the
offset in bytes from which the data will be MSG_PEEK-ed.
Describe this socket option in the socket(7) page, where
all the other socket options are described.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting
readdir.2
asprintf.
getline.3
getlogin.3
pthread_setname_np.3
readdir.3
strerror.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Clarify that terminating null byte is '\0'
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
execve.2
Peter LaDow
Add envp to the Linux notes about NULL pointers
During the review of static analysis results, we discovered a
functional, but non-portable, use of execve(). For example:
char *cmd[] = { "/path/to/some/file", NULL };
execve(cmd[0], cmd, NULL);
The call succeeds. Yet, the static analysis tool (rightly)
pointed out that envp could be dereferenced. But digging into
glibc and the kernel, it appears that like argv, envp when NULL
is treated as if it were an empty list.
So, to clear things up, I'm submitting this patch to update the
man page to indicate that envp is treated like argv.
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
io_setup.2
Cyril Hrubis [Jeff Moyer]
Clarify the nr_events parameter
Currently the io_setup.2 man page describes what the kernel really
does, i.e., that the resulting context may be able to hold more
than the 'nr_event's operations because the memory allocated in
kernel is rounded to be multiple of page size.
It is better not to expose this implementation detail and
simply state that the resulting context is suitable for
'nr_events' operations.
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark fields
Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark
fields a bit, based on info from kernel commit cfeb1d90a1b1.
Vince Weaver
Update to match the Linux 3.10 release
This patch updates the perf_event_open() documentation to include
new interfaces added in the 3.10 kernel.
It also documents a few [To be documented] instances left over
from the 3.7 kernel.
Vince Weaver
Small correction to description of 'flags' argument
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note equivalents of PR_SET_NAME
pthread_setname_np() and pthread_getname_np() and
/proc/self/task/TID/comm provide access to the same
attribute.
pread.2
Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг]
pread() and pwrite() are especially useful in multithreaded applications
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
semctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
'sem_nsems' is 'unsigned long' since Linux 2.4
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite RETURN VALUE and mention that 'errno' is set on error
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk [Brian Norris]
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
signal.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
sigpending.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
sigsuspend.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
syscall.2
Mike Frysinger
Document s390/s390x calling convention
a64l.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function l64a() is not thread safe.
abs.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions abs(), labs(), llabs() and imaxabs() are
thread-safe.
aio_error.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_error() is thread safe.
aio_return.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_return() is thread safe.
alloca.3
Adrian Bunk
Correct information on getting non-inlined version with gcc+glibc
- remove the incorrect information that -fno-builtin would help
- add -std=c11 to the list of strict options
- emphasize more that both the gcc option and not including
alloca.h are needed
- add the #ifdef from the glibc alloca.h to make the situation
clearer
bindresvport.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Before glibc 2.17, bindresvport() is not thread-safe.
Since glibc 2.17, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL:
http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=f6da27e53695ad1cc0e2a9490358decbbfdff5e5
canonicalize_file_name.3
Michael Kerrisk
Put CONFORMING TO section in right location
catgets.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Clarify that null byte is '\0'
ceil.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions ceil(), ceilf() and ceill() are thread safe.
cimag.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cimag(), cimagf() and cimagl() are thread safe.
clock_getcpuclockid.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function clock_getcpuclockid() is thread safe.
conj.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions conj(), conjf() and conjl() are thread safe.
crypt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function crypt() is not thread safe.
ctermid.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function ctermid() is thread safe with exceptions.
dirfd.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
drand48.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions drand48(), erand48(), lrand48(), nrand48(),
mrand48(), jrand48(), srand48(), seed48() and lcong48() are
not thread safe.
ecvt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions ecvt() and fcvt() return a string located in a
static buffer which is overwritten by the next call to the
functions, so they are not thread-safe.
encrypt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions encrypt() and setkey() are not thread safe.
ether_aton.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions ether_aton() and ether_ntoa() are not thread safe.
fcloseall.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function fcloseall() is not thread safe.
ferror.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions ferror(), clearerr(), feof() and fileno() are
thread safe.
fgetgrent.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
fgetpwent.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
fgetwc.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
fmtmsg.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Before glibc 2.16, fmtmsg() is not thread-safe.
Since glibc 2.16, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL:
http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=7724defcf8873116fe4efab256596861eef21a94
fputwc.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
getdate.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
getgrent.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function getgrent() is not thread safe.
getgrnam.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
getline.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
getlogin.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function getlogin() is not thread safe.
The function cuserid() is thread-safe with exceptions.
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
getpass.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
getpwent.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function getpwent() is not thread safe.
getpwnam.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
getspnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
getttyent.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
getusershell.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions getusershell(), setusershell() and endusershell()
are not thread safe.
getutent.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
hsearch.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
hsearch.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions hsearch(), hcreate() and hdestroy() are not
thread-safe.
localeconv.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The function localeconv() returns a pointer to a structure which
might be overwritten by subsequent calls to localeconv() or by
calls to setlocale(), so it is not thread-safe.
Peng Haitao
Add RETURN VALUE section
malloc_info.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
mblen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function mblen() is not thread safe.
mbrlen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function mbrlen() is thread safe with exceptions.
mbrtowc.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function mbrtowc() is thread safe with exceptions.
mktemp.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
modf.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions modf(), modff() and modfl() are thread safe.
popen.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note the scheduling attributes affected by this function
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
pthread_attr_setscope.3
Michael Kerrisk [Manuel Traut, Siddhesh Poyarekar]
The inherit-scheduler attribute must be set to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
In order for the attributes set by these functions to have
an effect, the caller must use pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3)
to set the inherit-scheduler attribute of the attributes object
to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED.
ptsname.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function ptsname() is not thread safe.
putenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
putpwent.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
qecvt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions qecvt() and qfcvt() are not thread-safe.
random.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
Michael Kerrisk
Add EINVAL error for setstate()
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: initstate() does not return NULL on error
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15380
random_r.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
readdir.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The data returned by readdir() may be overwritten by subsequent
calls to readdir() for the same directory stream, so it is not
thread-safe.
re_comp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions re_comp() and re_exec() are not thread safe.
rexec.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions rexec() and rexec_af() are not thread safe.
round.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions round(), roundf() and roundl() are thread safe.
scalbln.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions scalbn(), scalbnf(), scalbnl(), scalbln(),
scalblnf() and scalblnl() are thread safe.
scandir.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
siginterrupt.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
signbit.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note macro that is thread-safe
The macro signbit() is thread safe.
sigsetops.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
stdio_ext.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions __fbufsize(), __fpending(), __fpurge() and
__fsetlocking() are not thread safe.
strdup.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
strerror.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function strerror() is not thread safe.
strftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details of return value
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: 'errno' is not set if the result string would exceed 'max' bytes
strtok.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function strtok() is not thread safe.
Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
Add more detail on the operation of strtok()
Add a number of missing details on the operation of strtok()
tempnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
timegm.3
Jérémie Galarneau
copy the string returned by getenv()
The example of a portable version of timegm() uses the string
returned by getenv() after calling setenv() on the same
environment variable. The tz string may be invalid as per
getenv.3:
"The string pointed to by the return value of getenv()
may be statically allocated, and can be modified by a
subsequent call to getenv(), putenv(3), setenv(3), or
unsetenv(3)."
tmpnam.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function tmpnam() is thread safe with exceptions.
trunc.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions trunc(), truncf() and truncl() are thread safe.
ttyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
ttyslot.3
Michael Kerrisk
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
usleep.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
wcsdup.3
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Implicitly adding the PID to a core filename was dropped in 2.6.27
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ anon_inode symlinks
Mike Frysinger
Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ symlinks a bit more
Describe the type:[inode] syntax used in this dir
bootparam.7
Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson]
Remove outdated text on LILO and LoadLin
Strike the discussion of LILO and LoadLin, which
are long obsolete, and make a brief mention of GRUB.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604019
Regid
Remove mention of the deprecated rdev(8)
The deprecated rdev(8) command was removed from util-linux in 2010.
See https://git.kernel.org/?p=utils/util-linux/util-linux.git;a=commit;h=a3e40c14651fccf18e7954f081e601389baefe3fO
Andrea Remondini
Document the 'resume' boot parameter
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Clarify that null byte is '\0'
iso_8859-2.7
Eric S. Raymond
Remove incorrect reference to nonexistent groff glyph \[shc]
The reference incorrectly attempted to duplicate an
actual soft hyphen (hex 0xad) just before it in the file.
man-pages.7
Peng Haitao
Add description of "ATTRIBUTES"
"ATTRIBUTES" section can mention thread safety,
cancellation safety, and async-cancel-safety.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.53 ====================
Released: 2013-07-31, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.de>
Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz>
Chuck Coffing <clc@alum.mit.edu>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Felix Schulte <Felix_Schulte@McAfee.com>
Graud <graud@gmx.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
restart_syscall.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page for restart_syscall(2) system call
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fchownat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document AT_EMPTY_PATH
fstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document AT_EMPTY_PATH
linkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document AT_EMPTY_PATH
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Al Viro]
Document O_PATH
See also https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=885740
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_nanosleep.2
futex.2
nanosleep.2
poll.2
sigaction.2
sigreturn.2
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Geoffrey Thomas]
Remove warning that O_DIRECTORY is only for use with opendir(3)
O_DIRECTORY can also be used with, for example, O_PATH.
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Improve PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation
Vince Weaver
Fix indentation of the MMAP layout section
The indentation of the MMAP layout section wasn't quite right.
I think this improves things but I admit I'm not an expert at the
low-level indentation directives.
Vince Weaver
Update PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP info
It turns out PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP was broken from 75f937f24bd9
(in Linux 2.6.31, the initial perf_event release) until
724b6daa1 (Linux 3.4).
I've done some extensive kernel source code digging plus
running tests of various kernels and I hope the info
presented is accurate now.
(Patch edited somewhat by mtk.)
Vince Weaver
Improve sysfs files documentation
This improves the documentation of the various
perf_event_open()-related sysfs files.
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin]
If SEIZE was used, initial auto-attach stop is EVENT_STOP
For every PTRACE_O_TRACEfoo option, mention that old-style SIGSTOP
is replaced by PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE attach was used.
Mention the same thing again in the description of
PTRACE_EVENT_STOP.
Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin]
Mention that PTRACE_PEEK* libc API and kernel API are different
Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin]
Clarify PTRACE_INTERRUPT, PTRACE_LISTEN, and group-stop behavior
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document use of empty 'pathname' argument
Michael Kerrisk
Change error check in example program from "< 0" to "== -1"
Chuck Coffing
Fix possible race condition in readlink.2 example
I noticed that the example in the readlink.2 man pages does error
checking for a race condition that would cause the value of the
symbolic link to get larger. However, it doesn't handle the
opposite case, in which the value gets shorter. (The NULL
terminator is always set at the old, longer offset.) This could
cause the program to operate on uninitialized data.
setpgid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Graud]
s/SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/ when discussing reads from terminal
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60504
clog2.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that these functions are still not present in glibc 2.17
dirfd.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function dirfd() is thread safe.
div.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions div(), ldiv(), lldiv() and imaxdiv() are thread
safe.
fabs.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fabs(), fabsf() and fabsl() are thread safe.
fdim.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fdim(), fdimf() and fdiml() are thread safe.
fflush.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function fflush() is thread safe.
finite.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions finite(), finitef(), finitel(), isinf(), isinff(),
isinfl(), isnan(), isnanf() and isnanl() are thread safe.
flockfile.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions flockfile(), ftrylockfile() and funlockfile() are
thread safe.
floor.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions floor(), floorf() and floorl() are thread safe.
resolv.conf.5
Simon Paillard
Explain how to set empty domain
See http://bugs.debian.org/463575
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add open_by_handle_at(2) under CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Felix Schulte]
Clarify description of IN_MOVED_FROM and IN_MOVED_TO
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION should note versions for new interface features or behavior
udp.7
Benjamin Poirier
Add missing #include directive
Using the UDP_CORK socket option documented in udp.7 requires
including <netinet/udp.h>.
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Rework rpath token expansion text
Michael Kerrisk
Describe $PLATFORM rpath token
Michael Kerrisk
Describe $LIB rpath token
Michael Kerrisk
Document LD_BIND_NOT
Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
Add reference to pthreads(7) in discussion of LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.54 ====================
Released: 2013-09-17, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net>
Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
Andreas Wiese <aw-lkml@instandbesetzt.net>
Andrew Hunter <andrewhhunter@gmail.com>
Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Christopher Hall <chall0@gmail.com>
Christos Tsopokis <christos@tsopokis.gr>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr>
Felix Janda <felix.janda@posteo.de>
G.raud <graud@gmx.com>
Hannes Landeholm <hannes@jumpstarter.io>
J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Johan Erlandsson <jeoerl@gmail.com>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Magnus Reftel <magnus.reftel@gmail.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Robert Harris <robert.harris@fixnetix.com>
Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stas <stas.grumbler@gmail.com>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
Zdenek Pavlas <zpavlas@redhat.com>
Zsbán Ambrus <ambrus@math.bme.hu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
ioctl_list.2
Zsbán Ambrus
Document FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES
The attached patch adds four ioctls from linux/msdos_fs.h to the
ioctl_list(2) manpage.
The ioctl FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES reads FAT attributes of a
file a mounted vfat file system. I tested this on Linux
2.6.33, an example script can be found at
http://www.perlmonks.com/?node_id=832623
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
J. Bruce Fields
Fix outdated NFS information
Note that NFS versions since version 3 support an "access" call
so that the client doesn't have to guess permissions or ID
mapping on its own.
(See RFC 1813 sections 1.7 and 3.3.4.)
adjtimex.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add adjtimex(8)
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rodrigo Campos]
Note circumstances in which "SMP" note applies.
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version for CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
appeared in 2.6.12.
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
The 'timeout' can be rounded upwards by clock granularity and also overrun
kill.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small improvements to text on historical rules for permissions
nfsservctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note commands that were only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier
open.2
Robert Harris
Add mmap(2) to list of calls that fail when given an O_PATH descriptor
Doug Goldstein
Add EINVAL to errors list
EINVAL can be returned by open(2) when the underlying filesystem
doesn't support O_DIRECT. It is documented in the NOTES section
but this patch adds it to the list of possible errors.
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK updates
This started out as just adding the new perf_event_open features
from Linux 3.11 (which was the addition of transactional memory
defines for PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK samples) but turned into a
general cleanup of the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation.
The main clarification is that at least one of the non-privilege
values must be set or else perf_event_open() will return an EINVAL
error.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder text describing fields of 'perf_event_header' structure
Place the fields with the shorter descriptions first, to make the
information easier to read.
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christos Tsopokis]
Clarify that these system calls affect a per-thread attribute
sched_setparam.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes)
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes)
select.2
Michael Kerrisk [G.raud]
Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval
setfsgid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov]
Clarify description of return value
More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this
system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS
Michael Kerrisk
Correct header file in SYNOPSIS
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to setfsuid(2) for an explanation of why setfsgid() is obsolete
Michael Kerrisk
Wording improvements
setfsuid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov]
Clarify description of return value
More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this
system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS
Michael Kerrisk [Chen Gang]
Clarify historical details and note that setfsuid() is obsolete
Michael Kerrisk
Wording improvements
Michael Kerrisk
Correct header file in SYNOPSIS
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval
syscall.2
Johan Erlandsson
Add missing argument in example
Johan Erlandsson
Correct registers for arm/EABI
Registers was off by one.
Reference:
http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/patches/viewpatch.php?id=3105/4
See also:
http://peterdn.com/post/e28098Hello-World!e28099-in-ARM-assembly.aspx
https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention#ARM
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Hannes Landeholm]
Add details on the fifth argument provided by raw waitid() system call
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60744
clock.3
Michael Kerrisk
clock() switched from using times(2) to clock_gettime() in glibc 2.18
drand48_r.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions drand48_r(), erand48_r(), lrand48_r(),
nrand48_r(), mrand48_r(), jrand48_r(), srand48_r(), seed48_r(),
and lcong48_r() are thread safe.
fma.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fma(), fmaf() and fmal() are thread safe.
fmax.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fmax(), fmaxf() and fmaxl() are thread safe.
fmin.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fmin(), fminf() and fminl() are thread safe.
fpclassify.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fpclassify(), isfinite(), isnormal(), isnan(), and
isinf() are thread safe.
frexp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions frexp(), frexpf() and frexpl() are thread safe.
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
gai_strerror() is the modern replacement for herror() and hstrerror()
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror()
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements for h_errno
ilogb.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions ilogb(), ilogbf() and ilogbl() are thread safe.
ldexp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions ldexp(), ldexpf() and ldexpl() are thread safe.
lrint.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions lrint(), lrintf(), lrintl(), llrint(), llrintf(),
and llrintl() are thread safe.
lround.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions lround(), lroundf(), lroundl(), llround(),
llroundf() and llroundl() are thread safe.
lseek64.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function lseek64() is thread safe.
mbsinit.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function mbsinit() is thread safe.
nextafter.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions nextafter(), nextafterf(), nextafterl(),
nexttoward(), nexttowardf() and nexttowardl() are thread safe.
posix_memalign.3
Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
'errno" is indeterminate after a call to posix_memalign()
Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
Clarify wording on "return value" when size==0
printf.3
Christopher Hall
Correctly describe the meaning of a negative precision
The printf(3) manpage says that a negative precision is taken to
be zero, whereas printf(3p) says that a negative precision is
taken as if the precision were omitted. glibc agrees with the
latter (POSIX) specification.
Test code:
printf("%f\n",42.0); // "42.000000"
printf("%.*f\n",0,42.0); // "42"
printf("%.*f\n",-1,42.0); // "42.000000"
This patch corrects the explanation to match what actually happens.
rewinddir.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function rewinddir() is thread safe.
rint.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions nearbyint(), nearbyintf(), nearbyintl(), rint(),
rintf() and rintl() are thread safe.
seekdir.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function seekdir() is thread safe.
telldir.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function telldir() is thread safe.
wctomb.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function wctomb() is not thread safe.
wavelan.4
Michael Kerrisk [Elie De Brauwer]
This driver disappeared in 2.56.35
dir_colors.5
Michael Kerrisk [Stas]
Add various synonyms
See http://bugs.debian.org/553477
Simon Paillard [Stas]
Add keywords SUID, SGID, STICKY, STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE, OTHER_WRITABLE
See http://bugs.debian.org/553477
See ls.c and dircolors.c in coreutils
proc.5
Peter Schiffer
Document /proc/[pid]/io file
Attempt to document fields in the /proc/[pid]/io file, based on
the Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. The text will probably
need some grammar corrections.
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
/proc/sys/fs/inode-max went away in Linux 2.4
Also, the 'preshrink' field in /proc/sys/fs/inode-state became
a dummy value in Linux 2.4.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60836
Michael Kerrisk [A. Costa]
Note block size used by /proc/partitions
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=666972
Michael Kerrisk
Add rationale on drop_caches and note that it can hurt performance
See also http://lwn.net/Articles/562211/
bootparam.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eugen Dedu]
Remove "lilo" entries from SEE ALSO
See http://bugs.debian.org/604019
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add inotifywait(1) and inotifywatch(1)
ip.7
Simon Paillard
IP_MULTICAST_IF setsockopt recognizes struct mreq (compatibility)
Kernel added compatibility only recently in
3a084ddb4bf299a6e898a9a07c89f3917f0713f7
See: http://bugs.debian.org/607979
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of SUSv4-TC1 (POSIX.1-2013)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.55 ====================
Released: 2013-12-12, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alfred Agrell <alfred@agrell.info>
Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@it.uu.se>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Fabrice Bauzac <libnoon@gmail.com>
Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Liu Jiaming <storypku@gmail.com>
Maxin B. John <maxin.john@enea.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar>
Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
Trevor Bramwell <trevor@bramwell.net>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Yang Yang <yangyang.gnu@gmail.com>
Yuanhang Zheng <zhengyhn@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
janh <a0vhv@t-online.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
assert.3
assert_perror.3
rexec.3
rpc.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Reword a sentence to use more gender-neutral language
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
'arg...' for interpreter scripts starts with argv[1]
fallocate.2
Christoph Hellwig
Clarify the zeroing behavior
fallocate() zeroes only space that did not previously contain
data, but leaves existing data untouched.
futex.2
Rodrigo Campos
Fix link to Rusty's futex example library
When I asked to webmaster@kernel.org, Konstantin Ryabitsev
answered that the ".nl." is "an obsolete scheme and really
should be changed to just ftp.kernel.org".
getgroups.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that NGROUPS_MAX is defined in <limits.h>
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) is a run-time technique
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max
ioctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, David Gibson]
'request' argument is typed as 'unsigned long' in glibc
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42705
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Linux 3.12 rdpmc/mmap
It turns out that the perf_event mmap page rdpmc/time setting was
broken, dating back to the introduction of the feature. Due
to a mistake with a bitfield, two different values mapped to
the same feature bit.
A new somewhat backwards compatible interface was introduced
in Linux 3.12. A much longer report on the issue can be found
here:
https://lwn.net/Articles/567894/
Vince Weaver
Linux 3.12 adds PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER
A new PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER sample type was added in Linux 3.12.
Vince Weaver
E2BIG documentation
The following documents the E2BIG error return for
perf_event_open().
I actually ran into this error the hard way and it took me
half a day to figure out why my ->size value was changing.
Vince Weaver
Linux 3.12 adds PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID
A new perf_event related ioctl, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID, was added
in Linux 3.12.
Vince Weaver
PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY support
Support for the PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY event type was added in
Linux 3.12.
Vince Weaver [Andreas Sandberg]
PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD update
The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl was broken until 2.6.36,
and it turns out that the ARM architecture has some
differing behavior too.
pipe.2
Trevor Bramwell
Fix error in example program
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Paolo Bonzini]
Clarify meaning of events==0
events==0 does not mean that revents is always returned as
zero. The "output only" events (POLLHUP, POLLERR, POLLNVAL)
can still be returned.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61911
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Yuanhang Zheng]
Fix typo in error message in example program
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove out-of-date statement that UNIX domain does not support MSG_TRUNC
Should have removed that sentence as part of
commit a25601b48b822eb1882ae336574b8d062a17e564
sched_get_priority_max.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add SCHED_IDLE to discussion
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: these calls return number of bytes (not characters) sent
setreuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small clarification to description of when saved set-user-ID is set
sigpending.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals that are blocked *and* ignored
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note filesystem support for nanosecond timestamps
Add some detail on which native filesystems do and don't
support nanosecond timestamps.
Michael Kerrisk
Cosmetic reworking of timestamp discussion in NOTES
Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang]
Update discussion of nanosecond timestamps
The existing text describes the timestamp fields as 'time_t'
and delegates discussion of nanosecond timestamps under NOTES.
Nanosecond timestamps have been around for a while now,
and are in POSIX.1-2008, so reverse the orientation of the
discussion, putting the nanosecond fields into DESCRIPTION
and detailing the historical situation under NOTES.
symlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Further fine tuning of argument names
Follow-up to f2ae6dde0c68448bec986d12fe32268a2c98bfd9
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16073
Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac]
Give arguments of symlink() more meaningful names
adjtime.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function adjtime() is thread safe.
alloca.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function alloca() is thread safe.
asinh.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions asinh(), asinhf() and asinhl() are thread safe.
atan.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions atan(), atanf() and atanl() are thread safe.
atof.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function atof() is thread safe with exceptions.
atoi.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions atoi(), atol() and atoll() are thread safe with
exceptions.
bcmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function bcmp() is thread safe.
bcopy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function bcopy() is thread safe.
bsd_signal.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function bsd_signal() is thread safe.
bzero.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function bzero() is thread safe.
cbrt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cbrt(), cbrtf() and cbrtl() are thread safe.
copysign.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions copysign(), copysignf() and copysignl() are thread
safe.
cos.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cos(), cosf() and cosl() are thread safe.
cproj.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cproj(), cprojf() and cprojl() are thread safe.
creal.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions creal(), crealf() and creall() are thread safe.
daemon.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function daemon() is thread safe.
des_crypt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions ecb_crypt(), cbc_crypt() and des_setparity() are
thread safe.
difftime.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function difftime() is thread safe.
dysize.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function dysize() is thread safe.
erf.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions erf(), erff() and erfl() are thread safe.
erfc.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions erfc(), erfcf() and erfcl() are thread safe.
euidaccess.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions euidaccess() and eaccess() are thread safe.
expm1.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions expm1(), expm1f() and expm1l() are thread safe.
fexecve.3
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1-2008 specifies fexecve()
Michael Kerrisk
Explain the use and rationale of fexecve()
ftime.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function ftime() is thread safe.
ftok.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function ftok() is thread safe.
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
nftw() visits directories with FTW_D if FTW_DEPTH was not specified
Michael Kerrisk
Explain probable cause of FTW_NS
futimes.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions futimes() and lutimes() are thread safe.
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Explain one use case for AI_ADDRCONFIG
Michael Kerrisk
Highlight difference in ai_flags when hints==NULL
NOTES already described how glibc differs from POSIX.
Add a pointer to that text from the point in DESCRIPTION
where hints==NULL is discussed.
kcmp.3
Shawn Landden
Reword slightly awkward section
malloc.3
Greg Price
Scale back promises of alignment
It's not true that the return value is suitably aligned for "any
variable"; for example, it's unsuitable for a variable like
float *x __attribute__ ((__vector_size__ (32)));
which requires 32-byte alignment. Types like this are defined in
<avxintrin.h>, and with 16-byte alignment in <emmintrin.h> and
<xmmintrin.h>, so the application programmer need not even know
that a vector_size attribute has been applied.
On an x86 architecture, a program that loads from or stores to a
pointer with this type derived from malloc can crash because GCC
generates an aligned load/store, like MOVDQA.
The C99 standard (TC3, as of N1256) does say the return value is
suitably aligned for "any type of object". The C11 standard (as
of N1570) revises this to any type with "fundamental alignment",
which means an alignment "supported by the implementation in all
contexts", which I suppose tautologically includes aligning
malloc/realloc return values.
The actual behavior of current glibc malloc is to align to the
greater of 2 * sizeof(size_t) and __alignof__ (long double),
which may be one bit greater than this commit promises.
mq_receive.3
Michael Kerrisk [janh]
msg_len must be greater than *or equal to* mq_msgsize
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64571
setenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that setenv() returns success in the overwrite==0 case
sigsetops.3
Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
Add 'const' to sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), sigandset() declarations
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text describing sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), and sigandset()
statvfs.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions statvfs() and fstatvfs() are thread safe.
stdarg.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
The macros va_start(), va_arg(), va_end() and va_copy() are
thread safe.
termios.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions tcgetattr(), tcsetattr(), tcsendbreak(),
tcdrain(), tcflush(), tcflow(), cfmakeraw(), cfgetispeed(),
cfgetospeed(), cfsetispeed(), cfsetospeed() and cfsetspeed()
are thread safe.
ungetwc.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function ungetwc() is thread safe.
unlockpt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function unlockpt() is thread safe.
usleep.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function usleep() is thread safe.
wcpcpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcpcpy() is thread safe.
wcscasecmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function wcscasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions.
wcscat.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcscat() is thread safe.
wcschr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcschr() is thread safe.
wcscmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcscmp() is thread safe.
wcscpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcscpy() is thread safe.
wcscspn.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcscspn() is thread safe.
wcslen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcslen() is thread safe.
wcsncasecmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function wcsncasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions.
wcsncat.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsncat() is thread safe.
wcsncmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsncmp() is thread safe.
wcsncpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsncpy() is thread safe.
wcsnlen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsnlen() is thread safe.
wcspbrk.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcspbrk() is thread safe.
wcsrchr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsrchr() is thread safe.
wcsspn.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsspn() is thread safe.
wcsstr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcsstr() is thread safe.
wcstoimax.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions wcstoimax() and wcstoumax() are thread safe with
exceptions.
wcstok.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcstok() is thread safe.
wcswidth.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function wcswidth() is thread safe with exceptions.
wctrans.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function wctrans() is thread safe with exceptions.
wctype.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function wctype() is thread safe with exceptions.
wcwidth.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function wcwidth() is thread safe with exceptions.
wmemchr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wmemchr() is thread safe.
wmemcmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wmemcmp() is thread safe.
wmemcpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wmemcpy() is thread safe.
wmemmove.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wmemmove() is thread safe.
wmemset.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wmemset() is thread safe.
tty_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk [Liu Jiaming]
Note that 'arg' should be 0 in the usual case when using TIOCSCTTY
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text on root to discuss just in terms of capabilities
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix 2 version numbers under "Effect of user ID changes on capabilities"
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add _ISOC11_SOURCE to example program
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix (nontrivial) wordo in discussion of MSG_TRUNC
s/MSG_PEEK/MSG_TRUNC/
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Alfred Agrell]
Fix crufty wording in one sentence
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.56 ====================
Released: 2014-01-11, Christchurch
In memory of Doris Church (1939-2013)
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
Arif Zaman <arifz@lums.edu.pk>
Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
David Malcolm <dmalcolm@redhat.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Dongsheng Song <dongsheng.song@gmail.com>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
James Smith <james@theta.pw>
Janne Blomqvist <blomqvist.janne@gmail.com>
Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Luke Hutchison <luke.hutch@mit.edu>
Marco Dione <mdione@grulic.org.ar>
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Moritz 'Morty' Strübe <morty@gmx.net>
Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
Ondřej Bílka <neleai@seznam.cz>
Prádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Raphael Geissert <geissert@debian.org>
Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stephen Kell <srk31@srcf.ucam.org>
Sudhanshu Goswami <Sudhanshu.Goswami@emc.com>
Sworddragon2 <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
fgetc.3
gets.3
David Malcolm
Split gets(3) to isolate unsafe gets(3) to a page on its own
Currently man3/gets.3 documents various safe I/O functions, along
with the toxic "gets" function.
At the risk of being melodramatic, this strikes me as akin to
storing rat poison in a food cabinet, in the same style of
packaging as the food, but with a post-it note on it saying
"see warnings below".
I think such "never use this" functions should be quarantined
into their own manpages, rather than listing them alongside
sane functions.
The attached patch does this for "gets", moving the documentation
of the good functions from man3/gets.3 into man3/fgetc.3,
updating the SO links in the relevant functions to point at the
latter.
It then rewrites man3/gets.3 to spell out that "gets" is toxic
and should never be used (with a link to CWE-242 for good
measure).
Michael Kerrisk [Andre Majorel]
Tweaks to David Malcolm's patch
vdso.7
Mike Frysinger
New page documenting the vDSO mapped into each process by the kernel
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
reboot.2
Elie De Brauwer
Document LINUX_REBOOT_SW_SUSPEND
New and changed links
---------------------
fgets.3
getc.3
getchar.3
ungetc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust links to gets(3) to point to fgetc(3)
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix of "NULL pointer"
Change "NULL pointer" to "NULL" or null pointer".
POSIX uses the term "null pointer", not "NULL pointer".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Stylistic changes to code example
For ease of reading, don't embed assignments inside if().
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Replace uses of "i.e.," in main text with "that is" or similar
Usual man-pages style is to use "i.e." only within
parenthetical expressions.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Replace uses of "e.g." in main text with "for example" or similar
Usual man-pages style is to use "e.g." only within
parenthetical expressions.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add "Program source" subheading under EXAMPLE
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add "static" to global variables and functions in example program
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
Improve description of CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=67291
close.2
Michael Kerrisk [P?draig Brady]
Note that errors from close() should be used only for diagnosis
In particular, retrying after EINTR is a bad idea.
See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/37702
Subject: [RFC][BZ #14627] Make linux close errno to EINPROGRESS
when interrupted in signal.
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Marco Dione]
Add further cases to EFAULT error
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16402
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami]
Clarify issues with the disabled bit
Clarify the perf_event_open behavior with respect to the disabled
bit and creating event groups.
Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami]
Clarify issues with the exclusive bit
Warn that using the perf_event_open "exclusive" bit, while
it might seem like a good idea, might lead to all 0 results
in some common usage cases.
reboot.2
Elie De Brauwer
Mention RB_POWER_OFF
The manpage did not mention RB_POWER_OFF which is the glibc
symbolic name for LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF.
$ cd /usr/include
$ cat x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/reboot.h | grep POWER_OFF
define RB_POWER_OFF 0x4321fedc
Elie De Brauwer
Add "Linux" to kernel version numbers
Michael Kerrisk
Add RB_SW_SUSPEND synonym
Michael Kerrisk
Add RB_KEXEC synonym
setpgid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
BSD getpgrp() and setpgrp() go away in glibc 2.19
socket.2
Michael Kerrisk [Dongsheng Song]
Remove crufty statement that AF_INET does not support SOCK_SEQPACKET
Linux AF_INET supports SOCK_SEQPACKET via SCTP.
syscall.2
Mike Frysinger
Fix ia64 registers
The original list of registers was created by confusing strace
source code--this is for parsing legacy 32-bit code (which is
dead and no one cares). Update the list to reflect native ia64
syscall interface.
syscall.2
syscalls.2
getauxval.3
Mike Frysinger
Add references to new vdso(7) page
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small wording improvement for times!=NULL case
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Update remarks on cast needed when assigning dlsym() return value
POSIX.1-2013 eases life when casting the dlsym() return value to a
function pointer
Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Kell]
Fix description of dli_sname
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16262
getline.3
Michael Kerrisk [Luke Hutchison]
Correct description of how '*n' is used when '*lineptr' == NULL
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5468
Michael Kerrisk
Remove SEE ALSO reference to unsafe gets(3)
mcheck.3
Simon Paillard [Raphael Geissert]
typo in compiler flag
See http://bugs.debian.org/732464
mkstemp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Janne Blomqvist]
Better describe 'flags' that can be specified for mkostemp()
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Arif Zaman]
Fix memory leak in snprintf() example
See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19933479/snprintf-man-page-example-memory-leak
pthread_kill.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Desnoyers]
POSIX.1-2008 removes ESRCH
POSIX.1-2001 mistakenly documented an ESRCH error, and
POSIX.1-2008 removes this error. Glibc does return
this error in cases where it can determine that a thread ID
is invalid, but equally, the use of an invalid thread ID
can cause a segmentation fault.
puts.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: replace reference to gets(3) with fgets(3)
scanf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ondřej Bílka]
Improve discussion of obsolete 'a' dynamic allocation modifier
setjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
BSD setjmp() semantics go away in glibc 2.19
sigpause.3
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
BSD sigpause() goes away in glibc 2.19
Michael Kerrisk
Correct feature text macro requirements
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sigpause() is thread safe.
sigqueue.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sigqueue() is thread safe.
sigwait.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sigwait() is thread safe.
sin.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions sin(), sinf() and sinl() are thread safe.
sincos.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions sincos(), sincosf() and sincosl() are thread safe.
string.3
Moritz 'Morty' Strübe
Add short description of the functions
It is helpful to have a short description about what the different
functions in string.h do.
Michael Kerrisk
Fixes and enhancements to Moritz Strübe's patch
strptime.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre, Simon Paillard]
Add number ranges to comments in 'tm' structure
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729570
Michael Kerrisk
Point to ctime(3) for more details on 'tm' structure
Michael Kerrisk
Some rewording and reorganization
strsep.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description
The use of "symbols" in the existing description is confusing;
it's "bytes". Other fixes as well.
strspn.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre]
Improve description in NAME
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=723659
strstr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify RETURN VALUE: s/substring/located substring/
sysv_signal.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sysv_signal() is thread safe.
tan.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions tan(), tanf() and tanl() are thread safe.
tanh.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions tanh(), tanhf() and tanhl() are thread safe.
toascii.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function toascii() is thread safe.
toupper.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions toupper() and tolower() are thread safe with
exceptions.
towctrans.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function towctrans() is thread safe.
towlower.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function towlower() is thread safe with exceptions.
towupper.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function towupper() is thread safe with exceptions.
ualarm.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function ualarm() is thread safe.
wcpncpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function wcpncpy() is thread safe.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Sworddragon2]
Fix formula for CommitLimit under /proc/meminfo
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60991
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
List APIs that operate on process groups
Michael Kerrisk
Add details on controlling terminal and foreground/background jobs
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document _DEFAULT_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
From glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes __FAVOR_BSD
Starting with glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes BSD
definitions to be favored in cases where standards conflict.
libc.7
Mike Frysinger
SEE ALSO: add various entries
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Add STYLE GUIDE section
Incorporate some of the existing material in the page
into the STYLE GUIDE, and add a lot more material, mainly
drawn from the "Global changes" sections in the release
changelogs.
Michael Kerrisk
Add historical note on reason for use of American spelling
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Various improvements to style guide
packet.7
Willem de Bruijn [Daniel Borkmann]
Document fanout, ring, and auxiliary options
This patch adds descriptions of the common packet socket options
PACKET_AUXDATA, PACKET_FANOUT, PACKET_RX_RING, PACKET_STATISTICS,
PACKET_TX_RING
and the ring-specific options
PACKET_LOSS, PACKET_RESERVE, PACKET_TIMESTAMP, PACKET_VERSION
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for PACKET_VERSION and PACKET_TIMESTAMP
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Klose]
Default output file for D_DEBUG is stderr not stdout
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6874
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.57 ====================
Released: 2014-01-24, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Axel Beckert <abe@debian.org>
Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
Brandon Edens <bedens@fitbit.com>
Eliezer Tamir <eliezer.tamir@linux.intel.com>
Gioele Barabucci <gioele@svario.it>
Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Jerry Chu <hkchu@google.com>
Jonas Jonsson <jonas@websystem.se>
Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Thomas Posch <man-pages@online.posch.name>
Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
msgop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document MSG_COPY
open.2
Michael Kerrisk, Andy Lutomirski
Document O_TMPFILE
O_TMPFILE is new in Linux 3.11
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver [Andi Kleen]
PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION support in Linux 3.13
The following patch adds descriptions of the new perf_event_open.2
PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION sample type as added in Linux 3.13.
The descriptions are based on information provided by Andi Kleen,
both in the e-mail
[PATCH 1/6] perf, core: Add generic transaction flags v5
sent to the linux-kernel list as well as an e-mail
[PATCH] Document transaction flags in perf_event_open manpage
sent to the linux-man list.
The implementation is based heavily on the Intel Haswell
processor. Documentation can be found at this page:
http://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2013/05/03/intelr-transactional-synchronization-extensions-intelr-tsx-profiling-with-linux-0
as well as in section 18.11.5.1 of volume 3 of the
Intel 64 and IA-32 Architecture Software Developer's Manual.
ptrace.2
Andrey Vagin
Add description for PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO
Retrieve signals without removing them from a queue.
Andrey Vagin
Add description for PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK
These two commands allow to examine and change mask of blocked
signals.
socket.7
Eliezer Tamir
Add description for SO_BUSY_POLL
Add description for the SO_BUSY_POLL socket option.
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk [Jerry Chu]
Document TCP_USER_TIMEOUT
Text slightly adapted from Jerry Chu's (excellent) commit
message (commit dca43c75e7e545694a9dd6288553f55c53e2a3a3).
Michael Kerrisk
Document TCP_CONGESTION
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Reword to avoid use of "etc."
Various pages
Peng Haitao [Andre Majorel]
Make wording around thread-safety and setlocale() more precise
getdate.3
strptime.3
locale.5
Michael Kerrisk
Replace "weekday" with less ambiguous language
Notwithstanding POSIX's use of the term "weekday", in everyday
English, "weekday" is commonly understood to mean a day in the
set [Monday..Friday] (vs one of the "weekend" days).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jonas Jonsson]
Clarify wording of EINTR error
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=66571
faccessat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the system call takes only three arguments
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note filesystems that support FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE operation
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: The O_SYNC and O_DSYNC flags are not modifiable using F_SETFL
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsections under BUGS
There's several bugs listed. It's helpful to mark
them separately.
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1 specifies F_SETOWN and F_GETOWN for sockets/SIGURG
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг]
Note that rlim_cur can be set lower than current resource consumption
getsockopt.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and udp(7)
keyctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/security/keys.txt
linkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENOENT for O_TMPFILE created with O_EXCL
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EINVAL
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note which filesystems support SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA
msgop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that MSG_EXCEPT is Linux-specific
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update CONFORMING TO
Add POSIX.1-2008. Add mention of O_TMPFILE.
Update text on various flags that were added in POSIX.1-2008, and
whose definitions can, since glibc 2.12, be obtained by suitably
defining _POSIX_C_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer in description to BUGS, for O_ASYNC limitation
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty duplicate text on modifying file status flags
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add details to descriptions of PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK
select.2
Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann]
RETURN VALUE: Fix discussion of treatment of file descriptor sets
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=574370
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove madvise1() from main list
madvise1() is one of the system calls that was never
implemented, and listed toward the bottom of the page.
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to proc(5) for info on /proc/[pid]/timers
unlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger:]
ERRORS: Add EISDIR
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29702
ferror.3
Michael Kerrisk
clearerr(), feof(), and ferror() are also POSIX-conformant
Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
CONFORMING TO: add fileno()
gets.3
Ian Abbott
SEE ALSO: add fgets(3)
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
SYNOPSIS: s/unsigned/unsigned int/
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Small reorganization of text in EXAMPLE
rand.3
Michael Kerrisk
s/unsigned/unsigned int/ in example
stpcpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function stpcpy() is thread safe.
stpncpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function stpncpy() is thread safe.
strcat.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions strcat() and strncat() are thread safe.
strchr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions strchr(), strrchr() and strchrnul() are thread safe.
strcmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions strcmp() and strncmp() are thread safe.
strftime.3
Brandon Edens
Change "week day" to "day of week"
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=68861
strstr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function strstr() is thread safe.
The function strcasestr() is thread safe with exceptions.
strtod.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions strtod(), strtof() and strtold() are thread safe
with exceptions.
strtoimax.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions strtoimax() and strtoumax() are thread safe with
exceptions.
strtol.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions strtol(), strtoll() and strtoq() are thread safe
with exceptions.
tcgetpgrp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions tcgetpgrp() and tcsetpgrp() are thread safe.
tcgetsid.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function tcgetsid() is thread safe.
core.5
Bernhard Walle
Mention that %E exists since Linux 3.0
'%E' in the 'core_pattern' has been introduced in kernel commit
57cc083ad9e1bfeeb4a0ee831e7bb008c8865bf0 which was included in
version 3.0. Add that information to the manual page.
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk [Axel Beckert]
Add reference to proc(5) for more details on /proc/filesystems
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=735590
locale.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add locale(7)
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/[pid]/timers
Michael Kerrisk
Update discussion of wchan
Remove crufty reference to /etc/psdatabase in /proc/PID/stat.
Add /proc/PID/wchan.
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/737452
environ.7
Michael Kerrisk [Gioele Barabucci]
Correct reference to locale(7) (not locale(5))
locale(7) is the right place for details of the LC_*
environment variables.
See http://bugs.debian.org/638186
Michael Kerrisk
Improve references for discussion of locale environment variables
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add catopen(3)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add locale(5)
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Prefer "usable" over "useable"
netdevice.7
Tilman Schmidt
Document SIOCGIFCONF case ifc_req==NULL
Add the missing description of the possibility to call SIOCGIFCONF
with ifc_req==NULL to determine the needed buffer size, as
described in
http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0110.1/0506.html
and verified against source files net/core/dev_ioctl.c and
net/ipv4/devinet.c in the current kernel git tree.
This functionality has been present since the beginning of the 2.6
series. It's about time it gets documented.
While I'm at it, also generally clarify the section on
SIOCGIFCONF.
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance description of V7
Michael Kerrisk
Add C11
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe format of tcp_*_congestion_control /proc files
Describe format of tcp_allowed_congestion_control and
tcp_available_congestion_control.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.58 ====================
Released: 2014-02-11, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Fabrice Bauzac <libnoon@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Network Nut <sillystack@gmail.com>
Ola Olsson <ola1olsson@gmail.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
未卷起的浪 <ayjj_8109@qq.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the pipe2() O_DIRECT flag added in Linux 3.4
packet.7
Daniel Borkmann
Document PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS
New in Linux 3.14.
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Simon Paillard
Formatting fix: add space between function and () if BR or IR
Detected through the regex:
git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [\w]*\([\d]*\)$'
Various pages
Simon Paillard
Formatting fix: add space between word and punctuation if BR or IR
Detected through the regex:
git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [^ ]*[,\.]$'
Could probably be extended to match more cases and fix in perl.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use Oxford comma
gettid.2
restart_syscall.2
passwd.5
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Network Nut]
Remove word "minimum" from the description of 'timeout'
epoll_wait.2
poll.2
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Go into more detail on timeout and when call will cease blocking
getxattr.2
listxattr.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac]
Correct header file is <sys/xattr.h> (not <xattr/xattr.h>)
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70141
msgctl.2
Cyril Hrubis
Add note about ignored arg to IPC_RMID
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг]
PR_SET_PDEATHSIG value is preserved across execve(2)
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework and reorganize the text in various parts of the page.
Isolate details specific to recv() vs recvfrom() vs recvmsg()
Place details specific to each system call under a
separate subheading.
Rework discussion of 'src_addr' and 'addrlen' for recvfrom()
Add description of 'buf' and 'len' in recvfrom() section
'addrlen' should be 0 (*not* NULL) when 'src_addr' is NULL
Improve text describing recvfrom() call that is equivalent to recv()
Michael Kerrisk [未卷起的浪]
Describe the various cases where the return value can be 0
shmctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'buf' is ignored for IPC_RMID
symlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make argument names consistent with symlink(2) page
isalpha.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions isalnum(), isalpha(), isascii(), isblank(),
iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
ispunct(), isspace(), isupper() and isxdigit() are thread safe.
isatty.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function isatty() is thread safe.
isgreater.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
The macros isgreater(), isgreaterequal(), isless(),
islessequal(), islessgreater() and isunordered() are thread safe.
iswalnum.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswalnum() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswalpha.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswalpha() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswblank.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswblank() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswcntrl.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswcntrl() is thread safe with exceptions.
lockf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
Fix incorrect argument mentioned under EINVAL error
pthread_kill.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements
pthread_sigmask.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements
strtoul.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions strtoul(), strtoull() and strtouq() are thread safe
with exceptions.
nscd.conf.5
Peter Schiffer
Add note about default values
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add some further kernel Documentation/sysctl files
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
ATTRIBUTES sections come after VERSIONS
Peng Haitao has consistently ordered the ATTRIBUTES after
VERSIONS, so adjust the text in man-pages.7
vdso.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add words "virtual dynamic shared object" in DESCRIPTION
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.59 ====================
Released: 2014-02-16, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Weizhou Pan <cs.wzpan@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan]
Convert pages containing non-ASCII in source code comments to use UTF-8
Done using a slightly modified version of Peter Schiffer's
convert_to_utf_8.sh script. The script was modified so as *not*
a "coding:" marker to the groff source. For now, we'll only put
that marker on pages that contain non-ASCII characters in the
rendered text.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807
armscii-8.7
cp1251.7
iso_8859-1.7
iso_8859-10.7
iso_8859-11.7
iso_8859-13.7
iso_8859-14.7
iso_8859-15.7
iso_8859-16.7
iso_8859-2.7
iso_8859-3.7
iso_8859-4.7
iso_8859-5.7
iso_8859-6.7
iso_8859-7.7
iso_8859-8.7
iso_8859-9.7
koi8-r.7
koi8-u.7
Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan]
Convert pages containing non-ASCII to use UTF-8
Done using Peter Schiffer's convert_to_utf_8.sh script.
These pages containing non-ASCII in the rendered characters, and
so the script inserts a "coding:" marker into the groff source.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.60 ====================
Released: 2014-02-18, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Kalle Olavi Niemitalo <kon@iki.fi>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
sigvec.3
Michael Kerrisk [Kalle Olavi Niemitalo]
Fix error in code snippet
s/sigpause/sigmask/
armscii-8.7
cp1251.7
iso_8859-1.7
iso_8859-10.7
iso_8859-11.7
iso_8859-13.7
iso_8859-14.7
iso_8859-15.7
iso_8859-16.7
iso_8859-2.7
iso_8859-3.7
iso_8859-4.7
iso_8859-5.7
iso_8859-6.7
iso_8859-7.7
iso_8859-8.7
iso_8859-9.7
koi8-u.7
Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
Remove comment that glyphs in column 4 may not display correctly
With the conversion to UTF-8, the glyphs in column 4 of the
tables in these pages will display regardless of whether the
environment is configured for the corresponding character set.
iso_8859-11.7
iso_8859-13.7
D. Barbier [Simon Paillard]
Fix encoding mistakes in 5f7f4042b8848127d852c6fa7c02e31ccfaeeae5
Fixed via:
for f in iso_8859-11 iso_8859-13; do
cp man7/$f.7 $f
iconv -f utf8 -t latin1 $f | iconv -f iso-${f#iso_} -t utf8 > man7/$f.7
done
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.61 ====================
Released: 2014-02-26, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andrew Hunter <ahh@google.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Duncan de Wet <duncandewet@gmail.com>
Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Sulaiman Mustafa <seininn@hush.com>
Xiawei Chen <chenxiawei@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
A note from Christoph Hellwig prompted me to perform a task that has
been queued for a while: merging the text of the man pages for the
*at([23]) ("directory file descriptor") APIs into their corresponding
traditional pages. When the *at([23]) pages were originally written
(mostly in 2006), the APIs were not part of POSIX and (in most cases)
were not available on other systems. So, it made some sense to wall
them off into their own separate pages. Eight years later, with the
APIs now all in POSIX (except scandirat()), it is much more sensible
to document the newer APIs alongside their traditional counterparts,
so that the newer APIs are not "hidden", and the reader can more
easily see the differences between the APIs.
Thus, the text of 14 pairs of pages has been merged, and the "merged
from" pages have been converted to links to the "merged to" pages.
Along the way, a few other fixes were made to the pages, as noted
below.
One page that did not undergo such a change was utimensat(2), which
is different enough from utime(2) that it warrants a separate page.
Unlike the other *at() pages, the utimensat(2) page was also already
self-contained, rather than defining itself in terms of differences
from utime(2) as the other *at() pages did.
access.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text from faccessat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove faccessat() race warning
That point is already covered in existing text in this page.
Michael Kerrisk
access() also conforms to POSIX.1-2008
chmod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text from fchmodat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
(Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: chmod() and fchmod() are also in POSIX.1-2008
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of fchownat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
(Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
Michael Kerrisk
Remove sentence that fchownat() is present on Solaris
That point was only really relevant before fchownat() was
standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: chown(), fchown(), lchown() are in POSIX.1-2008
link.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of linkat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: link() is in POSIX.1-2008
Michael Kerrisk
AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE
mkdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of mkdirat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: mkdir() is in POSIX.1-2008
mknod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of mknodat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: mknod(2) is in POSIX.1-2008
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text from openat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove sentence that openat() is present on Solaris
That point was only really relevant before openat() was
standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of readlinkat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: readlink() is in POSIX.1-2008.
Michael Kerrisk
Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
(Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of renameat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: rename(2) is in POSIX.1-2008
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text from fstatat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
AT_EMPTY_PATH and AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT are Linux-specific
These flags require _GNU_SOURCE.
Michael Kerrisk
Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
(Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
Michael Kerrisk
Remove sentence that fstatat() is present on Solaris
That point was only really relevant before fstatat() was
standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: stat(), fstat(), lstat() are specified in POSIX.1-2008
symlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of symlinkat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: symlink() is in POSIX.1-2008
unlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of unlinkat(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove sentence that unlinkat() is present on Solaris
That point was only really relevant before unlinkat() was
standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: unlink() is in POSIX.1-2008
mkfifo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of mkfifoat(3)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: mkfifo() is in POSIX.1-2008
scandir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Merge text of scandirat(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
The FTM requirements changed in glibc 2.10.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove libc4/libc5 note under CONFORMING TO
No-one much cares about Linux libc these days.
Michael Kerrisk
Put detail about alphasort under a NOTES heading
This text was under CONFORMING TO, which made no sense.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework CONFORMING TO text
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
prctl.2
Kir Kolyshkin
Document PR_SET_MM options in Linux 3.5
Some of the PR_SET_MM options were merged to vanilla kernel
later, and appeared in Linux 3.5. Those are:
- PR_SET_MM_ARG_START
- PR_SET_MM_ARG_END
- PR_SET_MM_ENV_START
- PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
- PR_SET_MM_AUXV
- PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
socket.7
Neil Horman
Document the SO_RXQ_OVFL socket option
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL
New and changed links
---------------------
faccessat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to access.2
fchmodat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to chmod.2
fchownat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to chown.2
fstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to stat.2
linkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to link.2
mkdirat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to mkdir.2
mknodat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to mknod.2
openat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to open.2
readlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to symlink.2
renameat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link rename.2
symlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to symlink.2
unlinkat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to unlink.2
mkfifoat.3
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to mkfifo.3
scandirat.3
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to link to scandir.3
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
alarm.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note semantics of alarm with respect to fork() and execve()
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Warn that F_GETLK info may already be out of date when the call returns
intro.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe policy on documenting differences between syscall and glibc API
mmap2.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reword note on glibc mmap() wrapper invocation of mmap2()
Michael Kerrisk
This system call does not exist on x86-64
msgctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM for unprivileged attempt to set msg_qbytes > MSGMNB
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Xiawei Chen]
Clarify that PR_GET_TIMERSLACK is returned as the function result
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that PR_GET_SECCOMP is returned as function result
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is returned as function result
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Hunter]
Make it clearer that glibc and syscall APIs differ for PTRACE_PEEK*
Thanks to Denys Vlasenko's additions in 78686915aed6bd12
this page does note that the glibc API for PTRACE_PEEK*
differs from the raw syscall interface. But, as the report
at https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70801 shows,
this information could be more obvious. This patch makes its so.
sgetmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that these system calls don't exist on x86-64
swapon.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split EINVAL cases into separate entries under ERRORS
Michael Kerrisk
Add EINVAL error for invalid flags to swapon()
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add intro(2)
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split EINVAL cases into separate items
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EINVAL case that was new in 2.6.34
utime.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add note that modern applications probably want utimensat(2) etc.
crypt.3
Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
ERRORS: Add EINVAL and EPERM errors
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=69771
getifaddrs.3
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance example program
Print statistics for AF_PACKET interfaces.
Add missing feature test macro definition.
Reformat output.
iswctype.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function iswctype() is thread safe.
sem_post.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sem_post() is thread safe.
sem_unlink.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sem_unlink() is thread safe.
sem_wait.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions sem_wait(), sem_trywait() and sem_timedwait() are
thread safe.
setbuf.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions setbuf(), setbuffer(), setlinebuf() and setvbuf()
are thread safe.
strlen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function strlen() is thread safe.
strnlen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function strnlen() is thread safe.
strpbrk.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function strpbrk() is thread safe.
strsep.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function strsep() is thread safe.
swab.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function swab() is thread safe.
resolv.conf.5
Carlos O'Donell
DESCRIPTION: mention that the data is trusted
In a recent discussion about DNSSEC it was brought to my
attention that not all system administrators may understand
that the information in /etc/resolv.conf is fully trusted.
The resolver implementation in glibc treats /etc/resolv.conf
as a fully trusted source of DNS information and passes on
the AD-bit for DNSSEC as trusted.
This patch adds a clarifying sentence to make it absolutely
clear that indeed this source of information is trusted.
ascii.7
Michael Kerrisk [Sulaiman Mustafa]
Fix rendering of single quote (decimal character 39)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add utf-8(7)
Michael Kerrisk [Duncan de Wet]
Remove mention of ISO 8859-1 as being the default encoding on Linux
packet.7
Neil Horman
Document PACKET_FANOUT_QM fanout mode
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version for PACKET_FANOUT_QM
Daniel Borkmann
Improve PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS description
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version number for SO_BUSY_POLL
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.62 ====================
Released: 2014-03-11, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Marius Gaubas <marius@livejournalinc.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Rick Stanley <rstanley@rsiny.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
locale.1
Michael Kerrisk [review from Mike Frysinger]
New page describing locale(1)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
locale.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_ADDRESS
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_IDENTIFICATION
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_MEASUREMENT
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_NAME
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_PAPER
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_TELEPHONE
Removed Pages
-------------
sync.8
Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig, Pádraig Brady]
Sometime in the 20th century (before my watch), a sync(8)
page into man-pages. It documents the sync command from
"fileutils", which long ago become coreutils, and the
piece under NOTES note some behavior of sync(2)
that ceased to be true many years ago. The man-pages
project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and
(g)libc interfaces, so this sync(8) page doesn't really
belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which
covers the same command. After discussions on the
coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from
man-pages.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CLONE_THREAD also in effect requires CLONE_VM
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Marius Gaubas]
Warn the reader that the 'stat' structure definition is not precise
Padding fields aren't shown, and the order of fields varies
somewhat across architectures.
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant FTM requirements
_GNU_SOURCE implies _SVID_SOURCE and _BSD_SOURCE, so
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _GNU_SOURCE
is the same as
_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
getutmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1)
log1p.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions log1p(), log1pf() and log1pl() are thread safe.
logb.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions logb(), logbf() and logbl() are thread safe.
memccpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memccpy() is thread safe.
memchr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions memchr(), memrchr() and rawmemchr() are thread safe.
mktemp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make warning not to use this function more prominent
qecvt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
Recommend snprintf(3) not sprintf(3)
raise.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function raise() is thread safe.
remove.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function remove() is thread safe.
sem_destroy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sem_destroy() is thread safe.
sem_getvalue.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sem_getvalue() is thread safe.
sem_init.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sem_init() is thread safe.
sockatmark.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sockatmark() is thread safe.
strcpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions strcpy() and strncpy() are thread safe.
Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley]
Fix a bug, and improve discussion of forcing termination with strncpy()
strspn.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions strspn() and strcspn() are thread safe.
tempnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make warning not to use this function more prominent
tmpnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Recommend use mkstemp(3) or tmpfile(3) instead
locale.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add intro section that lists all of the LC categories
Michael Kerrisk
'p_cs_precedes' is for *positive* values
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'; simplify 'n_sign_posn'
Add initial sentence for 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'.
Remove repeated list for 'n_sign_posn'.
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_MESSAGES 'yesstr' and 'nostr'
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify LC_MONETARY 'n_cs_precedes'
Michael Kerrisk
LC_MONETARY: Document 'int_p_sign_posn' and 'int_n_sign_posn'
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify/rework 'p_cs_precedes' and 'n_cs_precedes'
Michael Kerrisk
LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_sep_by_space' and 'int_n_sep_by_space'
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty reference to POSIX.2
Michael Kerrisk
LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_cs_precedes' and 'int_n_cs_precedes'
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify/simplify 'n_sep_by_space'
Michael Kerrisk
LC_TIME: document 'cal_direction' and 'date_fmt'
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify 'p_sep_by_space'
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated in glibc 2.20
Michael Kerrisk
_GNU_SOURCE implicitly defines other macros
Saying that _GNU_SOURCE has the "effects of" other macros is not
quite precise.
Michael Kerrisk
Reword glibc version for _ISOC95_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
_ISOC99_SOURCE also exposes C95 definitions
Michael Kerrisk
_ISOC11_SOURCE implies the effects of _ISOC99_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Note version number for _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C99/C95
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L causes C95 definitions to be
exposed only since glibc 2.12 and C99 definitions only
since 2.10.
Michael Kerrisk
_XOPEN_SOURCE may implicitly define _POSIX_SOURCE and _POSIX_C_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Reword glibc version for _ISOC99_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of _ISOC99_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Improve discussion of _DEFAULT_SOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C95 and C95 features
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.63 ====================
Released: 2014-03-18, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Corrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Gregory P. Smith <gps@google.com>
Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Phillip Susi <psusi@ubuntu.com>
Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Zhu Yanhai <zhu.yanhai@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
duplocale.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting duplocale(3)
newlocale.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
New page documenting newlocale(3) and freelocale(3)
towlower.3
Michael Kerrisk
Largely rewrite description of towlower() to be simpler and clearer
towupper.3
Michael Kerrisk
Largely rewrite description of towupper() to be simpler and clearer
uselocale.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting uselocale(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document O_DSYNC and rewrite discussion of O_SYNC
isalpha.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document the "_l" locale APIs
The GNU C library v2.3 added some locale APIs, most of which
were later specified in POSIX.1-2008, namely:
isalnum_l()
isalpha_l()
isblank_l()
iscntrl_l()
isdigit_l()
isgraph_l()
islower_l()
isprint_l()
ispunct_l()
isspace_l()
isupper_l()
isxdigit_l()
isascii_l()
Also update and correct various pieces in CONFORMING TO
(and remove a few crufty old pieces there).
strerror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document strerror_l()
toupper.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document toupper_l() and tolower_l()
towlower.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document towlower_l()
towupper.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document towupper_l()
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid
locale.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document LC_ADDRESS
Document LC_IDENTIFICATION
Document LC_MEASUREMENT
Document LC_NAME
Document LC_PAPER
Document LC_TELEPHONE
New and changed links
---------------------
freelocale.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new newlocale.3 page
isalnum_l.3
isascii_l.3
isblank_l.3
iscntrl_l.3
isdigit_l.3
isgraph_l.3
islower_l.3
isprint_l.3
ispunct_l.3
isspace_l.3
isupper_l.3
isxdigit_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to isalpha.3
tolower_l.3
toupper_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to toupper.3
towlower_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to towlower.3
towupper_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to towupper.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global change: "upper case" ==> "uppercase", "lower case" ==> lowercase"
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add blkid(1)
msgop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document two MSG_COPY failure modes
Since Linux 3.14, the kernel now diagnoses two errors
when using msgrcv() MSG_COPY:
* MSG_COPY must be specified with IPC_NOWAIT
* MSG_COPY can't be specified with MSG_EXCEPT
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Organize some material under additional subheadings in NOTES
There's an amorphous mass of material under NOTES. Structure
it with some subheadings, and do a little reorganizing.
Michael Kerrisk
Add other system calls and functions that are like openat()
fanotify_mark(2), name_to_handle_at(2), and scandirat(3) have a
directory file descriptor argument for the same reason as openat().
Also: reword the rationale for the *at() functions somewhat.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify ELOOP error interaction with O_PATH
readahead.2
Phillip Susi [Corrado Zoccolo, Gregory P. Smith, Zhu Yanhai, Michael Kerrisk, Christoph Hellwig]
Don't claim the call blocks until all data has been read
The readahead(2) man page was claiming that the call blocks until
all data has been read into the cache. This is incorrect.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54271
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ls(1) and stat(1)
fts.3
Christoph Hellwig [Michael Kerrisk]
The fts(3) API does not work with LFS builds
As pointed out during a recent discussion on libc-hacker the
fts(3) APIs can't be used with large file offsets:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15838
mbrtowc.3
mbsnrtowcs.3
mbsrtowcs.3
mbtowc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add entries in SEE ALSO
Mainly inspired by the POSIX pages.
mbsinit.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mbrlen(3), mbrtowc(3), and wcrtomb(3)
mbsrtowcs.3
wcsrtombs.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mbsinit(3)
mbstowcs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Puiu]
Add example program
And add some SEE ALSO entries
memcmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memcmp() is thread safe.
memcpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memcpy() is thread safe.
memfrob.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memfrob() is thread safe.
memmem.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memmem() is thread safe.
memmove.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memmove() is thread safe.
mempcpy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions mempcpy() and wmempcpy() are thread safe.
memset.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function memset() is thread safe.
strerror.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: strerror() and strerror_r() are in POSIX.1-2008
Michael Kerrisk
Add SS heading for strerror_r()
toupper.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite to more explicitly bring locales into the discussion
Michael Kerrisk
Retitle BUGS section to NOTES
These are not really bugs, just background info.
wcrtomb.3
wcsnrtombs.3
wcsrtombs.3
wcstombs.3
wctomb.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add various entries
Mainly inspired by POSIX
core.5
Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
Document core_pattern %d specifier
Document %P core_pattern specifier
Michael Kerrisk
Rearrange core_pattern specifiers alphabetically
locale.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3)
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE macro
The _ISOC95_SOURCE macro is defined in <features.h>, but it
does nothing. So remove discussion of it, and move some of
the discussion of C95 under the _ISOC99_SOURCE subhead.
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
Add packaging note for _BSD_SOURCE/_SVID_SOURCE/_DEFAULT_SOURCE
To compile warning-free across glibc < 2.20 and glibc >= 2.20
code may been to define both _DEFAULT_SOURCE and either
_BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE.
Michael Kerrisk
Reword description of C90
locale.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsection on POSIX.1-2008 (originally GNU) extensions to locale API
Michael Kerrisk
Remove reference to LI18NUX2000
LI18NUX2000 is difficult to even find these days, and in any case
this page does not document gettext(), so notes about gettext()
in the CONFORMING TO section here make no sense.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3) and wcstombs(3)
SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3)
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add preferred term "superblock"
Michael Kerrisk
Add preferred terms "uppercase" and "lowercase"
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.64 ====================
Released: 2014-04-06, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Abhay Sachan <sachan.abhay@gmail.com>
Alexey Samsonov <samsonov@google.com>
Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
open_by_handle_at.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger, Neil Brown, Aneesh Kumar K.V,
Christoph Hellwig]
New page describing name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2)
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite introductory section
Reorganize "Limitations and caveats" subsection
Michael Kerrisk
Further describe the race when adding a watch to a new subtree
Michael Kerrisk
Directory renames may invalidate multiple paths cached by application
Michael Kerrisk
Add paragraph on cache consistency checking
Michael Kerrisk
Mention cache rebuilding to handle overflow events
Michael Kerrisk
Moving an object to another filesystem generates IN_DELETE_SELF
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Kara]
Add text on dealing with rename() events
Michael Kerrisk
Note rationale and consequences of event coalescing
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Inotify doesn't work for remote and pseudo filesystems
Michael Kerrisk
Add some examples of events generated by various system calls
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: IN_ONESHOT does now cause IN_IGNORED when the watch is dropped
A silent change as a result of the fanotify work in kernel 2.6.36.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that IN_DELETE_SELF will be followed by IN_IGNORED
Michael Kerrisk
Note that IN_UNMOUNT will be followed by an IN_IGNORED event
Michael Kerrisk
Inotify does not report events for mmap(2) and msync(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_ATTRIB
Michael Kerrisk
Add some examples of syscalls that trigger IN_MODIFY
Michael Kerrisk
execve(2) also generates IN_ACCESS
Michael Kerrisk
Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_CREATE
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk]
Document the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC flag
The Linux 3.14 release adds support for the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC
flag.
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
Document /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_autocorking
Text heavily based on Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
New and changed links
---------------------
name_to_handle_at.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new open_by_handle_at(2) page
Global changes
--------------
fmemopen.3
getaddrinfo.3
mq_notify.3
offsetof.3
aio.7
Michael Kerrisk
Print size_t/ssize_t values using %z printf() modifier
There are fewer and fewer systems these days that don't
support the %z specifier mandated in C99. So replace the
use of %ld/%lu + (long) cast with %zd/%zu.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bdflush.2
fsync.2
sync.2
Kir Kolyshkin
SEE ALSO: remove update(8) reference
Remove reference to update(8) man page, since there is no such
page. This is an ancient BSD leftover I believe.
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used
getxattr.2
Abhay Sachan
Fix RETURN VALUE description
A EA can have length zero.
inotify_add_watch.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add ENAMETOOLONG
inotify_init.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to inotify(7)
link.2
Michael Kerrisk
When AT_EMPTY_PATH is specified, 'olddirfd' must not refer to a
directory
mmap.2
Andrey Vagin
The file descriptor for a file mapping must be readable
There is no difference between MAP_SHARED and MAP_PRIVATE.
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add open_by_name_at(2)
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Document PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD behavior change
Linux 3.14 (in commit bad7192b842c83e580747ca57104dd51fe08c223)
changes the perf_event PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl() behavior
on all architectures to update immediately, to match the behavior
found on ARM.
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add sched_getattr() and sched_setattr()
And update kernel version to 3.14
abort.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function abort() is thread safe.
confstr.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), fpathconf(3), sysconf(3), pathconf(3)
exit.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function exit() is not thread safe.
fenv.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions feclearexcept(), fegetexceptflag(), feraiseexcept(),
fesetexceptflag(), fetestexcept(), fegetround(), fesetround(),
fegetenv(), feholdexcept(), fesetenv(), feupdateenv(),
feenableexcept(), fedisableexcept() and fegetexcept() are thread
safe.
fpathconf.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add confstr(3)
fseek.3
Michael Kerrisk [Petr Gajdos]
Document EINVAL error for negative file offset
fseeko.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements
fts.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Remove mention of "32-bit systems" in BUGS
fwide.3
wprintf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE feature test macro
getline.3
Alexey Samsonov
Caller should free the allocated buffer even if getline() failed
Relevant discussion in glibc bugzilla:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5666
getloadavg.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function getloadavg() is thread safe.
getpt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function getpt() is thread safe.
if_nametoindex.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions if_nametoindex() and if_indextoname() are thread safe.
index.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions index() and rindex() are thread safe.
mkfifo.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions mkfifo() and mkfifoat() are thread safe.
netlink.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: make the reference for libnetlink the libnetlink(3) man page
random.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions random(), srandom(), initstate() and setstate()
are thread safe.
random_r.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions random_r(), srandom_r(), initstate_r() and
setstate_r() are thread safe.
sigvec.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions sigvec(), sigblock(), sigsetmask() and
siggetmask() are thread safe.
The macro sigmask() is thread safe.
sysconf.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add confstr(3)
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
Fix error in discussion of MIN > 0, TIME == 0 noncanonical mode
As reported by Peter Hurley, for the MIN > 0, TIME == 0 case:
read() may unblock when MIN bytes are available but return
up to the 'count' parameter if more input arrives in between
waking and copying into the user buffer.
...
read() may also _not_ return until MIN bytes have been
received, even if 'count' bytes have been received.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a note on interaction of O_NONBLOCK with noncanonical MIN/TIME
POSIX leaves the behavior open.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify termination conditions for MIN > 0, TIME > 0
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify behavior if data is available before noncanonical read()
Michael Kerrisk
Add descriptive titles to noncanonical read() cases
symlink.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsection on opening a symbolic link with O_PATH
Michael Kerrisk
name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2) optionally follow symlinks
Michael Kerrisk
Mention use of readlink(2) to read contents of a symlink
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.65 ====================
Released: 2014-04-20, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Craig McQueen <craig.mcqueen@beamcommunications.com>
Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Greg Troxel <gdt@ir.bbn.com>
Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@chromium.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Richard Hansen <rhansen@bbn.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
inet_net_pton.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing inet_net_pton(3) and inet_net_ntop(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk, Namjae Jeon [Christoph Hellwig, Dave Chinner]
Document FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alex Thorlton]
Document PR_SET_THP_DISABLE and PR_GET_THP_DISABLE
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/[pid]/stack
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/[pid]/clear_refs
New and changed links
---------------------
inet_net_ntop.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new inet_net_pton.3
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note the race when O_CLOEXEC is used at same time as fork()+execve()
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: see prctl(2)
Because of PR_SET_THP_DISABLE.
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe treatment of MCL_FUTURE during fork(2) and execve(2)
msync.2
Michael Kerrisk [Richard Hansen, Greg Troxel]
Warn that one of MS_SYNC or MS_ASYNC is required
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail on the race that O_CLOEXEC is designed to avoid
Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Dempsky]
Remove crufty text stating that O_DIRECTORY is Linux-specific
Michael Kerrisk
Note which filesystems support O_TMPFILE
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk]
Clarify EACCES and EPERM errors
Clarify the reasons for EACCES and EPERM errors.
Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk]
Make the ERRORS section more comprehensive.
Determined both by code inspection and by writing a large
number of test programs.
personality.2
Michael Kerrisk
Available execution domains are listed in <sys/personality.h>
Michael Kerrisk
Fix discussion of return value
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_TIMING
ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_DUMPABLE
ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite description of SHMMNI default value
Michael Kerrisk
Note default value of SHMMAX
Note default value for SHMALL
byteorder.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions htonl(), htons(), ntohl() and ntohs() are thread
safe.
fexecve.3
Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
If 'fd' is a close-on-exec file descriptor for a script, fexecve() fails
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=74481
ffs.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions ffs(), ffsl() and ffsll() are thread safe.
getauxval.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function getauxval() is thread safe.
getcontext.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions getcontext() and setcontext() are thread safe.
getsubopt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function getsubopt() is thread safe.
getutmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions getutmp() and getutmpx() are thread safe.
inet.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note success and error return for inet_aton()
inet.3
Michael Kerrisk [Craig McQueen]
The form 'a.b' if is suitable for Class A addresses (not class C)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add inet_net_pton(3)
makecontext.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions makecontext() and swapcontext() are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setdetachstate() and
pthread_attr_getdetachstate() are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setguardsize.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setguardsize() and
pthread_attr_getguardsize() are thread safe.
sigsetops.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), sigaddset(),
sigdelset(), sigismember(), sigisemptyset(), sigorset() and
sigandset() are thread safe.
proc.5
Petr Gajdos
Improve /proc/[pid]/smaps entries description
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/smaps is present only if CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{shmall,shmmax}
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{msgmax,msgmnb}
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add capsh(1)
libc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add musl libc
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.66 ====================
Released: 2014-05-08, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alan Curry <rlwinm@sdf.org>
Carsten Andrich <carsten.andrich@tu-ilmenau.de>
Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Eric Siegerman <pub08-knl@davor.org>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jan Moskyto Matejka <mq@suse.cz>
John Marshall <jm18@sanger.ac.uk>
Lukáš Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
Stijn Hinterding <contact@stijnhinterding.nl>
Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
fanotify_init.2
Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting fanotify_init(2)
fanotify_mark.2
Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting fanotify_mark(2)
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
Page rewritten
Stripped out the general scheduling material, which
moved to sched(7), and rewrote much of the remainder.
Changed copyright and license since pretty much all
of the content was or is written by mtk.
fanotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk
New page providing overview of the fanotify API
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page providing an overview of the scheduling APIs
Most of this content derives from sched_setscheduler(2). In
preparation for adding a sched_setattr(2) page, it makes
sense to isolate out this general content to a separate
page that is referred to by the other scheduling pages.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fallocate.2
Lukas Czerner [Michael Kerrisk]
Document FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in Linux 3.14,
for zeroing ranges in the allocated space in a file.
rename.2
Miklos Szeredi [Michael Kerrisk]
Document renameat2() system call added in Linux 3.15
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document SHM_EXEC
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Employ term "open file description" in DESCRIPTION
And include reference to open(2) for an explanation of the term.
getpriority.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
getsockopt.2
Carsten Andrich
SEE ALSO: add packet(7)
link.2
Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
Document ENOENT error for linkat()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301
msgget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reword EEXIST error
msgop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note capability required to raise MQ size beyond MSGMNB
msync.2
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
s/flushes... back to disk/flushes... back to filesystem/
nice.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
open.2
Peter Schiffer
Update note on alignment of user buffer and file offset for O_DIRECT
The sentence in open(2) man page in notes for O_DIRECT flag:
"Under Linux 2.6, alignment to 512-byte boundaries suffices."
is not universally correct. The alignment is a property of the
storage, for example, 4k-sector drives with no 512 byte sector
emulation will be unable to perform 512-byte direct I/O.
Michael Kerrisk
Note some of the various synonyms for "open file description"
Michael Kerrisk
Remove repetitious text on use of fcntl() to change file status flags
open_by_handle_at.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention FreeBSD analogs
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Siegerman]
Fix wording error under "Architecture-specific variants"
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75431
process_vm_readv.2
Michael Kerrisk [Stijn Hinterding]
Add feature test macro requirements
The _GNU_SOURCE FTM must be defined.
read.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates
This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit
9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4
See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458
sched_get_priority_max.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
sched_rr_get_interval.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
sched_setparam.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
sched_yield.2
Michael Kerrisk
Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
semget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Consolidate discussion on noninitialization of semaphores
The fact that semget() does not initialize the semaphores
in a new set was covered in two places (in DESCRIPTION
and BUGS). Consolidate these into one place (in NOTES)
and also point out that POSIX.1-2008 says that a future
version of the standard may require an implementation to
initialize the semaphores to 0.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify SEMMNS versus SEMMSL*SEMMNI
Michael Kerrisk
Rework EINVAL text a little
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording for EEXIST error
shmget.2
Manfred Spraul
Clarify SHMALL
The default for SHMALL is a limit of 8 GB, regardless of
PAGE_SIZE. The current documentation does not mention that
and is therefore more difficult to understand than necessary.
Manfred Spraul
Correct math error
2097152 is 2^21, not 2^20.
Michael Kerrisk
Reword EEXIST error
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify one of the EINVAL cases
Michael Kerrisk
Note that SHM_NORESERVE is a Linux extension
Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
Fix kernel version numbers in discussion of SHMALL
Michael Kerrisk
Rework EINVAL text
Michael Kerrisk
Move and rework discussion of mode bits
Michael Kerrisk
Reword description of O_EXCL
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move fork(2), execve(2), _exit(2) discussion to NOTES
Michael Kerrisk
Add subheads for shmat() and shmdt()
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of SHM_RDONLY and SHM_REMAP into list format
Michael Kerrisk
Structure the attach cases as a list
sigaction.2
Alan Curry
Fix bad cross reference (times(2) not time(2))
The system call that reports child CPU usage is times(2),
not time(2).
symlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
Document ENOENT error for symlinkat()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add renameat2()
And bump kernel version.
write.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates
This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit
9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4
See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458
pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setinheritsched() and
pthread_attr_getinheritsched() are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setschedparam() and
pthread_attr_getschedparam() are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setschedpolicy() and
pthread_attr_getschedpolicy() are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setscope.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setscope() and pthread_attr_getscope()
are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setstack.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setstack() and pthread_attr_getstack()
are thread safe.
sched_getcpu.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov]
Rework intro text for 'c_oflag'
Michael Kerrisk
OFDEL is in POSIX.1-2001, so remove "(Not in POSIX)" text
proc.5
Jan Moskyto Matejka [Randy Dunlap]
Improve description of /proc/stat 'intr' field
The sum at the beginning of line "intr" includes also
unnumbered interrupts.
packet.7
Carsten Andrich [Neil Horman]
Improve sockopt documentation for packet sockets
Carsten Andrich [Willem de Bruijn]
PACKET_LOSS has inverse meaning
Stefan Puiu [Daniel Borkmann, Carsten Andrich]
Status in PACKET_RX_RING is actually a bit mask
Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Andrich]
SEE ALSO: add /tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_tpacket.c
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.67 ====================
Released: 2014-05-21, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Bill Allombert <ballombe@debian.org>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
Török Edwin <edwin@etorok.net>
William Morriss <wjmelements@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
sched_setattr.2
Michael Kerrisk, Peter Zijlstra [Juri Lelli]
New page describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2)
system.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrote large parts of the page and added a number of details
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
sched.7
Peter Zijlstra, Michael Kerrisk [Juri Lelli]
Document SCHED_DEADLINE
New and changed links
---------------------
renameat2.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to rename.2
sched_getattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new sched_setattr
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bind.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add some subheadings
connect.2
Michael Kerrisk [William Morriss]
ERRORS: Add EADDRNOTAVAIL for ephemeral port range exhaustion
Verified from testing and the kernel source.
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=745775
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of ip_local_port_range under EAGAIN error
create_module.2
delete_module.2
init_module.2
query_module.2
Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi]
Clarify glibc header file declaration/ABI wrapper details
create_module(), delete_module(), init_module(), and
query_module() are not declared in header files, but
through an accident of history glibc provides an ABI
for them that it continues to maintain, for
compatibility reasons.
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
Note SIGKILL case when execve() fails beyond the point of no return
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add a subheading and reorder paragraphs
fanotify_init.2
Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
Document range of permitted flags for event_f_flags
With a new patch included in the mm tree, event_f_flags is
checked for allowable values.
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add "file locking" subheading under NOTES
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN
SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN unless the
reset-on-fork flag is set.
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that there is no glibc wrapper
getpriority.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes for getpriority() and setpriority()
The who argument has type id_t (which happens to be u32 on linux).
get_robust_list.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Add <sys/types.h> to synopsis of get_robust_list()
If one were to implement wrappers for [gs]et_robust_list() using the
given prototypes, one would also have to include sys/types.h to get
a definition of size_t.
getrusage.2
Michael Kerrisk [Bill Allombert]
_GNU_SOURCE must be defined to obtain RUSAGE_THREAD definition
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=746569
link.2
open.2
Andy Lutomirski [Michael Kerrisk]
Update AT_EMPTY_PATH and O_PATH documentation
listen.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion
mbind.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype for mbind(2)
The nmask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long.
(Well, at least <numaif.h> says nmask is const. The current kernel
does not define it as a const argument, but sys_mbind() only
passes it to get_nodes(), which does treat it as const.)
msgop.2
Davidlohr Bueso [Michael Kerrisk]
Enhance description of "full queue" criteria
poll.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Add <signal.h> to synopsis for ppoll()
One needs to #include <signal.h> to get the definition of the
type (sigset_t) of the mask argument to ppoll().
readlink.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix return type of readlinkat()
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details of msg_name and msg_namelen fields
recvmmsg.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe timeout bug
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75371
and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/5677
remap_file_pages.2
Andy Lutomirski [Christoph Hellwig, Andy Lutomirski]
remap_file_pages() has no benefit for real files
Linux commit 3ee6dafc677a68e461a7ddafc94a580ebab80735 caused
remap_file_pages to be emulated when used on real file.
sched_get_priority_max.2
Michael Kerrisk
'policy' can also be SCHED_DEADLINE
sched_setaffinity.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype for sched_setaffinity()
The mask argument is const.
sched_setparam.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: mark errors that apply just for sched_setparam()
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EINVAL for invalid arguments
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched_setattr(2)
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: mark errors that apply just to sched_setscheduler()
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL case for pid < 0
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: separate out EINVAL cases
semget.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add subheadings and reorder paragraphs
semop.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes for semop() and semtimedop()
The nsops arguments have type size_t, not unsigned, and the
timeout argument of semtimedop() is const.
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add a subheading
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add details on various 'msghdr' fields
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EAGAIN for ephemeral port range exhaustion
Michael Kerrisk
Add some subheadings under DESCRIPTION
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add a subheading
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno]
Describe feature test macro requirements for file type test macros
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728240
Michael Kerrisk
Update FTM requirements for lstat()
Michael Kerrisk
Split discussion of 'st_mode' fields into type and permissions
Michael Kerrisk
Move text on S_I*() macros to follow text on S_I* macros
That ordering is more logical
stime.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype for stime()
The argument is const, both according to the actual header files and
according to <http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/vol1a.pdf>.
syscall.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype for syscall()
The first argument and the return value of syscall() has type long,
not int.
getopt.3
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: Add subheadings to distinguish the two example programs
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reword text referring to mallopt(3)
Linux libc is no longer "recent"; drop mention of it.
pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_setschedparam.3
pthread_setschedprio.3
pthread_yield.3
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Change references to "sched_setscheduler(2)" to "sched(7)"
Change consistent with the fact that the scheduling overview
page is now sched(7) not sched_setscheduler(2).
pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setstackaddr() and
pthread_attr_getstackaddr() are thread safe.
pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_attr_setstacksize() and
pthread_attr_getstacksize() are thread safe.
pthread_kill.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_kill() is thread safe.
pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_kill_other_threads_np() is thread safe.
pthread_self.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_self() is thread safe.
pthread_setcancelstate.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add paragraph breaks to "Asynchronous cancelability" subsection
pthread_setcancelstate.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_setcancelstate() and
pthread_setcanceltype() are thread safe.
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add some subheadings
pthread_setschedparam.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_setschedparam() and pthread_getschedparam()
are thread safe.
pthread_setschedprio.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_setschedprio() is thread safe.
pthread_sigmask.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_sigmask() is thread safe.
pthread_sigqueue.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_sigqueue() is thread safe.
pthread_testcancel.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_testcancel() is thread safe.
pthread_yield.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_yield() is thread safe.
remquo.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions remquo(), remquof() and remquol() are thread safe.
rtime.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function rtime() is thread safe.
sched_getcpu.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function sched_getcpu() is thread safe.
stpcpy.3
Ingo Schwarze
Note some history of stpcpy()
Quoting Ingo:
I just noticed that the stpcpy(3) manual contains a speculation
that appears to be untrue on closer investigation: That function
did not originate in MS DOS, but in Lattice C on AmigaDOS.
Here is a patch against the git master HEAD to fix that, and add
some more historical information. To provide some background and
allow you to more easily verify the correctness of the patch, i'm
appending my mail to <misc@openbsd.org>, where i'm giving some
more details about the history and pointing to some primary
sources. That mail also contains the (similar, but shorter)
patch i just committed to the OpenBSD manual page.
strcasecmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno, Török Edwin]
Explain why strcasecmp()+strncasecmp() are also declared in <string.h>
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729436
strcpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add a subheading
fd.4
Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik]
Fix floppy disk device names
The naming convention shown in the page was ancient.
Now, the page is consistent with Documentation/devices.txt
(where it is noted that "The use of the capital letters
D, H and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
the drive type is insignificant for these devices"
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/timer_stats
Michael Kerrisk
(Briefly) document /proc/timer_list
Michael Kerrisk
Add /proc/sys/kernel/{sched_rt_period_us,sched_rt_runtime_us}
Reference sched(7) for an explanation of these two files
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention sched_setattr(2) under CAP_SYS_NICE
cpuset.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention sched_getattr() as a place where credentials are checked
fanotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt [Jan Kara]
BUGS: error events can be lost when reading from fanotify FD
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Fix description of FAN_EVENT_NEXT()
FAN_EVENT_NEXT() does not update 'meta'; rather, it returns a
pointer to the next metadata structure. In addition, generally
rework the description to be a bit clearer and more detailed.
Heinrich Schuchardt
Document FAN_EVENT_METADATA_LEN
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note cases where an ephemeral port is used
Michael Kerrisk
Remove BUGS text on glibc failing to declare in_pktinfo
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify 'ip_local_port_range' and mention the term "ephemeral ports"
Michael Kerrisk
Note some more details about assignment of ephemeral ports
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: ephemeral port range exhaustion is diagnosed inconsistently
Different system calls use different 'errno' values to diagnose
exhaustion of the ephemeral port range.
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document sched_rt_period_us and sched_rt_runtime_us /proc files
And rework and relocate the text on dealing with runaway
real-time processes.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention sched_setattr(2) in list of APIs that can change policies
Michael Kerrisk
sched_setattr(2) can also be used to set 'nice' value
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of sched_setscheduler() when talking about sched_priority
There are nowadays multiple ways to set sched_priority (and
in fact there always were, since we also had sched_setparam(2)).
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Don't mention sched_setscheduler(2) in discussions of setting policies
In a couple of places, sched_setscheduler(2) is mentioned as the
way of setting policies. But now there is sched_setattr(2) as
well, rewrite the text in a more generic way.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework summary text describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2)
Note that these APIs are a superset of sched_setscheduler(2)
and sched_getscheduler(2).
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty text relating to sched_setscheduler()
All of the removed text is in sched_setscheduler(2) and
should have been trimmed from this page.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: Mention more files in Documentation/scheduler/ directory
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.68 ====================
Released: 2014-05-28, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alastair McKinstry <mckinstry@computer.org>
Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
Colin Williams <colinwilliams1968@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Richard Braakman <richard.braakman@jollamobile.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
localedef.1
Marko Myllynen, Richard Braakman, Alastair McKinstry, Lars Wirzenius
New page for localedef(1)
Add new page based on Debian localedef(1) page.
New and changed links
---------------------
procfs.5
New link to proc.5
Since the term "procfs" is widely used, it seems reasonable to have
a link from that name to proc(5).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
locale.1
Marko Myllynen
Provide a step-by-step example of how to use a custom locale
Marko Myllynen
Use LC_TELEPHONE instead of LC_MESSAGES in the example
yesstr/nostr in LC_MESSAGES are planned to be changed at some
point [1], so it's better to provide an example which won't
be obsoleted by that change.
[1] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16975
adjtimex.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add feature test macro requirements
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add cross-reference to fork(2) for explanation of EAGAIN
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add pid_max and threads-max to EAGAIN
And rewrite text to be the same as pthread_create(3).
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
RLIMIT_NPROC is not enforced if CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
remap_file_pages.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The pgoff argument has type size_t, not ssize_t (and in the
kernel it is unsigned long).
set_mempolicy.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype for set_mempolicy(2)
The nodemask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long.
swapon.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Remove header from synopsis
The <asm/page.h> header is not readily available, and the comment
seems to indicate that it is for getting PAGE_SIZE. But it is
never mentioned why one would need to know that, and it is in any
case better obtained using sysconf(), provided by <unistd.h>.
a64l.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype for a64l()
The argument is const, both according to POSIX and the
glibc headers.
adjtime.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Add required header
The prototype for adjtime(3) is declared in <sys/time.h>.
argz_add.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
Update the prototypes of argz_{delete,extract,next} to agree with
glibc headers and manual.
bstring.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
The length parameter n has type size_t in bcmp(), bcopy() and
bzero().
envz_add.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
The envz_len parameters for envz_entry() and envz_get() are not
passed by reference.
fpathconf.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The path argument to pathconf() is const.
fseek.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The pos argument to fsetpos() is const.
gcvt.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The ndigit parameter to gcvt() has type int.
getaddrinfo_a.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The pointer arguments to gai_suspend() are const.
getauxval.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix permissions
There doesn't seem to be any reason for getauxval.3 to be
executable...
getnameinfo.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The hostlen and servlen parameters have type socklen_t.
(The types changed in glibc 2.2)
Michael Kerrisk
Note types of 'hostlen'; and 'servlen' in glibc < 2.2
getrpcent.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The argument to getrpcbyname() is const.
getrpcport.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Add #include and fix prototype
The prototype for getrpcport() is obtained by #include'ing
<rpc/rpc.h>. Also, update its prototype.
getspnam.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The struct spwd argument to putspent() is const.
getutent.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
The arguments to getutid(), getutline(), and pututline()
are const.
inet.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The parameters to inet_makeaddr have type in_addr_t.
inet_net_pton.3
Rasmus Villemoes
srcfix, cfix
Use a consistent style throughout the man-pages.
key_setsecret.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
Remove const qualifiers from arguments to key_decryptsession,
key_encryptsession, and key_setsecret.
makecontext.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The second argument to swapcontext() is const.
makedev.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
gnu_dev_makedev, and hence its trivial macro wrapper makedev, takes
two unsigned int parameters; this is consistent with it being the
inverse of (gnu_dev_)major/minor, which return unsigned int.
malloc_trim.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
As mentioned further down, malloc_trim returns an integer.
mq_getattr.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The newattr parameter to mq_setattr is const.
newlocale.3
Marko Myllynen
List all available category masks
Michael Kerrisk
Add LC_ALL_MASK description
nl_langinfo.3
Marko Myllynen
Expand the example code a bit
Better illustrate querying elements from different categories.
perror.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix declaration
The elements of the array sys_errlist are also const.
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
pthread_attr_setguardsize.3
pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
pthread_attr_setscope.3
pthread_attr_setstack.3
pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3
pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Constify parameters
Each of the pthread_attr_get* functions extract some piece of
information from a pthread_attr_t, which is passed by const
reference. Add the const keyword to the prototypes of these
functions.
pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3
Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
Add feature test macro requirements
pthread_create.3
Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
Add pid_max limit to EAGAIN error cases
pthread_equal.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_equal() is thread safe.
pthread_exit.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_exit() is thread safe.
pthread_getcpuclockid.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function pthread_getcpuclockid() is thread safe.
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_setaffinity_np() and
pthread_getaffinity_np() are thread safe.
pthread_setconcurrency.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions pthread_setconcurrency() and
pthread_getconcurrency() are thread safe.
pthread_setname_np.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The name parameter of pthread_getname_np is an output parameter and
hence not const.
pthread_setschedparam.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
Add return type for pthread_{s,g}etschedparam.
pthread_setschedprio.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
Add return type for pthread_setschedprio.
pthread_sigqueue.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Add missing #include <signal.h>
rcmd.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
Unlike the BSDs, the second argument of rcmd() and rcmd_af() has
type unsigned short.
The first argument of iruserok_af() has type const void*.
re_comp.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
re_comp and re_exec take const char* arguments.
resolver.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes and extern-declaration
Fix const- and signedness of various char* parameters.
Also, there is no "struct state", but _res is a struct
__res_state. (Actually, _res is errno-like in that it is really a
macro expanding to (*__res_state()).)
rexec.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
The user, passwd and cmd arguments to rexec and rexec_af are all
const.
rtime.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Replace header
The header <rpc/des_crypt.h> does not provide rtime();
<rpc/auth_des.h> does, as is also implied in both the NOTES and
EXAMPLE sections.
scandir.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototypes
The alphasort and versionsort functions take arguments of type
const struct dirent **, not const void *.
setlocale.3
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
Simplify locale category listing and add GNU-specific locale categories
Some information that was here will move to locale(7).
Marko Myllynen
Remove now obsolete NOTES section
setnetgrent.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The buflen argument to getnetgrent_r has type size_t.
sigvec.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The vec argument to sigvec is const.
tsearch.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Fix prototype
The rootp argument to tfind is "void * const *",
not "const void **".
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Core dump files are nowadays core.pid by default
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Document mon_grouping and grouping properly
Michael Kerrisk
Note default value for 'first_workday'
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
Add brief descriptions of collating-element and collating-symbol
Marko Myllynen
t_fmt_ampm is needed only for locales that employ AM/PM convention
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
Remove crufty reference to /usr/lib/nls/src
That file is nowhere to be found
Marko Myllynen
Clarify LC_TIME/am_pm and LC_NAME keywords usage
am_pm should be defined only if AM/PM convention is used to signal
applications they should not try to print them when using them in
unwanted.
Same for all LC_NAME keywords expect for name_fmt which should be
always defined.
Marko Myllynen
Clarify lang_term / lang_lib
As noted by Keld Simonsen in the lib-locales@sourceware mailing
list:
https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-locales/2014-q2/msg00008.html
From: Keld Simonsen <keld at rap dot rap dot dk>
To: Marko Myllynen <myllynen at redhat dot com>
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2014 17:02:09 +0200
lang_term reflects ISO 639-2/T (terminology) codes, while
lang_lib reflects ISO 639-2/B (bibliographic) codes.
lang_term is preferred over lang_lib codes for locale names.
There are 20 specific ISO 639-2/B codes.
Marko Myllynen
Correct the FILES section
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
'pid_max' is a system-wide limit on number of threads and processes
Since PIDs > /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max are not allocated, this
file thus also imposes a system-wide limit on the number of
threads and processes.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows overriding RLIMIT_NPROC
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_PTRACE allows process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2)
charsets.7
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
Remove crufty statement that Romanian may be switching to ISO 8859-16
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient paragraph on charsets supported in glibc 2.3.2
That test is rather ancient, and probably of little use.
fanotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
Fix to example program: fanotify read() should use aligned buffer
inotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
Add example program
This example of the usage of the inotify API shows the
usage of inotify_init1(2) and inotify_add_watch(2) as well
as polling and reading from the inotify file descriptor.
Heinrich Schuchardt
munmap() does not generate inotify events
locale.7
Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk]
Document the LOCPATH environment variable
Michael Kerrisk
Add further details on various categories
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.69 ====================
Released: 2014-06-14, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Qian Lei <qianl.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
iconv.1
Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk]
New page for the iconv(1) command
iconvconfig.8
Marko Myllynen
New page for iconvconfig(8)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fcntl.2
Jeff Layton, Michael Kerrisk
Document open file description locks
As provided by the fcntl() operations F_OFD_SETLK,
F_OFD_SETLKW, and F_OFD_GETLK
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
locale.1
Marko Myllynen
Add FILES section, add charmap(5) reference
Marko Myllynen
Align with recent charmap(5) / repertoiremap(5) changes
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
Before kernel 2.6.0, RLIMIT_NPROC had no effect for set*uid()
Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov]
RLIMIT_NPROC is checked only if preceded by set*uid()
Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov, NeilBrown, KOSAKI Motohiro]
Document EAGAIN error
See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42704
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Detail the limitations of traditional (process-associated) locks
Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
Describe how to check whether the kernel supports a particular command
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'cmd'
Michael Kerrisk
Add para introducing advisory locks and noting existence of OFD locks
Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
Add notes on F_SETLKW deadlock detection and its limitations
Michael Kerrisk
Add an explicit note that mandatory locking is not in POSIX
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite introductory paragraphs on mandatory locking
Make the structure more logical, and also explicitly mention
OFD locks.
Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
Reword discussion of mandatory lock bug a little
Jeff Layton confirmed that the bug remains even in modern kernels.
Michael Kerrisk
Explain POSIX background to EACCES/EAGAIN error for F_GETLK
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES subhead for record locking and NFS
Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
Note treatment of locks when an NFS client loses contact with the server
Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
nfsv4leasetime controls the "contact lost" interval for NFSv4
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk
In some modern BSDs, fcntl() and flock() locks do interact
So, reword and extend the discussion of this topic in NOTES.
Michael Kerrisk
Move NOTES text describing implementation of flock()
Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
Add more details on NFS, including Linux 2.6.37 changes
Also: move NOTES text describing interaction of fcntl()
and flock() locks.
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add notes on inheritance of flock() and OFD locks across fork()
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to open(2) for discussion of file descriptors and OFDs
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework and extend the discussion of open file descriptions
open_by_handle_at.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
recvmmsg.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
remap_file_pages.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov]
Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated
sendmmsg.2
Rasmus Villemoes
Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
seteuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
seteuid() and setegid() are implemented as library functions
Michael Kerrisk
Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
setresuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the description of the EAGAIN error
Michael Kerrisk
Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
setreuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure
Michael Kerrisk
Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
Michael Kerrisk
Add EAGAIN error for hitting RLIMIT_NPROC limit
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the description of the EAGAIN error
Michael Kerrisk
Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs
statfs.2
Cyril Hrubis
Update MAGIC constants
Most of the updates are taken from /usr/include/linux/magic.h,
some were found by grepping the Linux source code.
Cyril Hrubis [Michael Kerrisk]
fstatfs(2) was broken on file descriptors from pipe(2)
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated
basename.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions basename() and dirname() are thread safe.
catgets.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function catgets() is thread safe.
getdate.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Use blank definition of _GNU_SOURCE in example program
getdirentries.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function getdirentries() is thread safe.
getdtablesize.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function getdtablesize() is thread safe.
iconv.3
Qian Lei [Peng Haitao]
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function iconv() is thread safe.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add iconvconfig(8)
lockf.3
Qian Lei [Peng Haitao]
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function lockf() is thread safe.
malloc_get_state.3
Rasmus Villemoes
SYNOPSIS: use correct header
The nonstandard functions malloc_set_state() and
malloc_get_state() are provided by <malloc.h> not <stdlib.h>.
malloc_usable_size.3
Qian Lei
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function malloc_usable_size() is thread safe.
matherr.3
Qian Lei [Peng Haitao]
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function matherr() is thread safe.
mkdtemp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function mkdtemp() is thread safe.
mkstemp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions mkstemp(), mkostemp(), mkstemps() and mkostemps()
are thread safe.
mq_close.3
Qian Lei
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function mq_close() is thread safe.
mq_getattr.3
Qian Lei
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The functions mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are thread safe.
mq_open.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function mq_open() is thread safe.
mq_receive.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions mq_receive() and mq_timedreceive() are thread safe.
mq_send.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions mq_send() and mq_timedsend() are thread safe.
mq_unlink.3
Qian Lei
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function mq_unlink() is thread safe.
posix_fallocate.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function posix_fallocate() is thread safe.
posix_openpt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function posix_openpt() is thread safe.
siginterrupt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function siginterrupt() is not thread safe.
system.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function system() is thread safe.
charmap.5
Marko Myllynen
Update to match current glibc
charmap(5) was outdated, bring it to closer to reality by fixing
syntax descriptions to match current glibc code and practices,
adding missing options, removing obsolete comments and references,
and removing now incorrect examples.
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Clarify AM/PM settings a bit
localedef(1) complains if really undefined, should be empty instead.
Also: add some SEE ALSO references.
Marko Myllynen
Document glibc conventions regarding days and week
Based on existing practice and glibc community wiki page at
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka, Walter Harms]
Add a brief description of /proc/fs
repertoiremap.5
Marko Myllynen
New page for repertoiremap(5)
Rather obsolete feature but localedef(1) refers to repertoiremaps.
bootparam.7
Petr Gajdos
Describe 'rootflags' and 'rootdelay' kernel parameters
Patch based on text from Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
charsets.7
Marko Myllynen
Update to reflect past developments
Rewrite the introduction to make Unicode's prominence more obvious.
Reformulate parts of the text to reflect current Unicode world.
Minor clarification for ASCII/ISO sections, some other minor fixes.
Marko Myllynen
List CJK encodings in the order of C, J, K
environ.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add env(1), printenv(1), ld.so(8)
locale.7
Marko Myllynen
Add some SEE ALSO references
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that .TH 'date' field is nowadays automatically updated by scripts
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe EINTR semantics for recvmmsg(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify text describing EINTR semantics for socket interfaces
unicode.7
Marko Myllynen
Update to reflect past developments
The unicode(7) page will look more modern with few small changes:
- drop old BUGS section, editors cope with UTF-8 ok these days,
and perhaps the state-of-the-art is better described elsewhere
anyway than in a man page
- drop old suggestion about avoiding combined characters
- refer to LANANA for Linux zone, add registry file reference
- drop a reference to an inactive/dead mailing list
- update some reference URLs
utf-8.7
Marko Myllynen
Drop an old comment about UTF-8 replacing ISO 8859
And add locale(1) under SEE ALSO.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.70 ====================
Released: 2014-07-08, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Tomi Salminen <tlsalmin@gmail.com>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Кирилл <kirillnow@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
sprof.1
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
New page for the glibc sprof(1) command
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
epoll_ctl.2
NeilBrown
Document EPOLLWAKEUP
epoll.7
NeilBrown
Document EPOLLWAKEUP
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
iconv.1
iconvconfig.8
Marko Myllynen
Clarify gconv file terminology a bit
ldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sprof(1)
connect.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPROTOTYPE
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=708394
dup.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Fix erroneous discussion regarding closing 'newfd' before calling dup2()
And propose a workaround if the caller cares about catching
close() time errors.
See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23440216/race-condition-when-using-dup2#comment36888604_23444465
and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=411
Michael Kerrisk
Rework and enhance discussion of dup2()
In particular, note that dup2() performs the steps of closing
and reusing 'newfd' atomically.
Michael Kerrisk
Add subhead for dup3()
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: EPOLLWAKEUP is silently ignored without CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
If the caller does not have CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND, then EPOLLWAKEUP
is silently ignored.
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
The return value for F_SETPIPE_SZ is the pipe capacity
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Document ENOTDIR error for F_NOTIFY
Michael Kerrisk
Use proper page cross-references in F_NOTIFY discussion
Michael Kerrisk
Suggest the use of real-time signals with F_NOTIFY
getitimer.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite a few pieces to clarify some details
inotify_add_watch.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that the target of a watch is an i-node
The target of a watch is an i-node, not a pathname. Clarify
the text to prevent the reader possibly misunderstanding
that establishing watches by two different links to the same
file might create different watch descriptors.
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Кирилл]
O_CLOEXEC is also one the flags not ignored when O_PATH is specified
pipe.2
Elie De Brauwer
PIPE_BUF is defined in limits.h
To make use of PIPE_BUF in an application one should include
<limits.h>. Adding a reference to this inclusion.
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
The negate-fd-to-ignore technique does not work for file descriptor 0
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=79411
set_tid_address.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Use "thread" rather than "process" in DESCRIPTION
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain SHMLBA in much more detail
splice.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EAGAIN error
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641
syscalls.2
Carlos O'Donell
Add prlimit64(2)
While trying to reconcile the new features in glibc with the
documented entries in the linux kernel man pages I noticed that
glibc exports prlimit64 for use by 32-bit applications (as does
the linux kernel), but that prlimit64 was not defined in the
syscalls list or in the prlimit-related page.
This is not the complete fix for this, but I don't have the time
to explain why and when prlimit64 should be used (or how it should
be used safely). Therefore I'm just patching the syscalls.2 list
to show that prlimit64 exists and was added in 2.6.36 (verified
with git by checking out the tags before and after).
syslog.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework introductory paragraph
Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
Rework text describing loglevels
The kernel header file mentioned in the discussion of the KERN_*
constants has morphed and is no longer exported inside glibc.
And the definitions of the constants themselves changed subtly
with kernel commit 04d2c8c83d0e3ac5f78aeede51babb3236200112.
So, rewrite the description of the constants to be a bit more
abstract.
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite parts of the page, and import /proc/sys/kernel/printk
* Move /proc/sys/kernel/printk from proc(5) to this page,
and correct various details in the discussion of that file.
* Rewrite and correct various other details on the page.
* Clean out some crufty text.
* Miscellaneous minor fixes.
Michael Kerrisk
Update SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_OFF + SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_ON description
Details changed in Linux 2.6.32
tee.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EAGAIN error
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641
vmsplice.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document EAGAIN error
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641
ether_aton.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make description of ether_line() bug a little more informative
mallopt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_ and MALLOC_MMAP_MAX_ *do* work in setgid programs
My testing on this point was bogus, overlooking details of
strace(1)'s behavior with setuid programs.
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12155
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Remove libc4 and libc5 details
Rich Felker noted that "scare text" in the man page warned about
the use of snprintf() on libc, and that some people had cited
this as a reason not to use snprintf(). Linux libc is now
ancient history, so there is no real need to keep that text.
But, while we're at it, we may as well clear out all of the
other ancient libc4 and libc5 pieces in the page. They are
nowadays more clutter than help.
Michael Kerrisk
SUSv3 and later agree with C99 for the snprintf() return value
Determined by inspection of the SUSv3 and SUSv4 specifications.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some old text about glibc 2.0 changes
We probably don't now need such ancient info.
Michael Kerrisk
Update references to standards for C and S conversion specifiers
profil.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sprof(1)
charmap.5
Marko Myllynen
Various minor updates and improvements
- more precise title
- extend description a bit
- document previously omitted WIDTH_DEFAULT
Marko Myllynen
Remove accidental ISO C compliance reference
glibc refers in locale/programs/charmap.c to ISO C 99 section
7.17.(2) and ISO C 99 section 5.2.1.(3) that if a character map
is not ASCII compatible then the locale using it is not ISO C
compliant. This does not state anything about the character set
itself.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Replace /proc/sys/kernel/printk discussion with reference to syslog(2)
It makes more sense to have the /proc/sys/kernel/printk with
the related material in syslog(2).
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite /proc/sys/kernel/printk description
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify which events are generated for watched directories
Really, with respect to watched directories, events fall into
three classes (not two, as was shown):
* Events that can be generated only for the watched directory.
* Events that can be generated only for objects that are inside
the watched directory.
* Events that can be generated both for the watched directory
and for objects inside the directory.
So, mark these three classes more clearly in the list of inotify
events.
Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
BUGS: Note possible bug triggered by watch descriptor reuse
Watch descriptor IDs are returned by inotify_add_watch().
When calling inotify_rm_watch() an IN_IGNORED is placed on the
inotify queue pointing to the ID of the removed watch.
inotify_add_watch() should not return a watch descriptor ID for
which events are still on the queue but should return an
unused ID.
Unfortunately, the existing Kernel code does not provide such a
guarantee.
Actually, in rare cases watch descriptor IDs are returned by
inotify_add_watch() for which events are still on the inotify
queue.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=77111
Michael Kerrisk
Add further detail to the watch descriptor reuse bug
As well as inotify_rm_watch(), file deletion and unmounting a
filesystem can also cause a watch descriptor to be deleted.
Michael Kerrisk
The watch descriptor reuse bug may be hard to hit in practice
Explain the circumstances in detail, indicating that the
bug may be very unlikely to occur in practice.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description of IN_EXCL_UNLINK
Clarify the text a little, in particular making it clearer
that the target of a watch is an i-node (not a pathname).
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify IN_ONESHOT explanation
Make it clearer that the target of monitoring is an i-node,
not a pathname.
Michael Kerrisk
Make comment on 'mask' field more accurate
libc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify man-pages policy on documenting C libraries other than glibc
Michael Kerrisk
Use absolute dates in discussion of libc vs glibc
pipe.7
Elie De Brauwer
Add reference that the pipe capacity can be changed
In fcntl(2) F_SETPIPE_SZ, F_GETPIPE_SZ and
/proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size are defined, however
pipe(7) still defines the pipe capacity as being
a static entity. Adding a reference to fcntl(2).
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
Clarify that since 2.6.35, 65535 bytes is the default pipe capacity
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that LD_PROFILE can specify just a single shared object
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that LD_PROFILE output is appended to target file
The LD_PROFILE output is appended to any existing
contents of the target file.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sprof(1)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.71 ====================
Released: 2014-08-17, Chicago
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Damir Nedzibovic <d.nedzibovic@anoxtech.com>
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org>
Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Paul Jackson <pj@usa.net>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Ryan Hammonds <rhammonds@unicoi.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Ville Ylenius <ville@ylenius.net>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
group_member.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting group_member(3)
isfdtype.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting isfdtype(3)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Document new comm_exec flag
Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit 82b897782d10fcc4 )
added support for differentiating between process renames
caused by exec versus those caused by other methods.
Vince Weaver
Document new mmap2 record type
Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit a5a5ba72843dd05f9 )
enabled the enhanced mmap2 record support.
The interface was added in Linux 3.12 but disabled until
Linux 3.16.
Vince Weaver
Document PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND
Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit bac52139f0b7ab31330 )
adds support for gathering PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND
conditional branch values when doing PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
sampling.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/comm
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/pagemap
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/personality
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/syscall
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/kpagecount
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/kpageflags
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_kbytes
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add CAP_AUDIT_READ
CAP_AUDIT_READ is new in Linux 3.16.
Global changes
--------------
ldd.1
clone.2
execve.2
getpagesize.2
ioperm.2
msgop.2
readv.2
recv.2
select.2
send.2
seteuid.2
shmop.2
signal.2
sync.2
sysinfo.2
utime.2
abs.3
atoi.3
catopen.3
clearenv.3
ctime.3
des_crypt.3
ecvt.3
flockfile.3
fseeko.3
ftime.3
ftok.3
ftw.3
getcwd.3
getdtablesize.3
getline.3
getpass.3
getpass.3
getutent.3
glob.3
insque.3
lseek64.3
memmem.3
mkstemp.3
mktemp.3
on_exit.3
openpty.3
putenv.3
putenv.3
qecvt.3
realpath.3
realpath.3
remove.3
setbuf.3
sigpause.3
strftime.3
strptime.3
tzset.3
xcrypt.3
utmp.5
environ.7
ipv6.7
packet.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient Linux libc details
access.2
brk.2
chmod.2
eventfd.2
gethostname.2
getpriority.2
mmap.2
poll.2
ptrace.2
readv.2
sched_setaffinity.2
select.2
seteuid.2
signalfd.2
sync_file_range.2
timer_create.2
uname.2
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to using access() on kernels that lack faccessat()
bdflush.2
fsync.2
sync.2
proc.5
Adrian Bunk
Change "sync(1)" to "sync(8)"
bind.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Hammonds]
Correct EINVAL error description
As pointed out by Ryan:
My application is trying to bind an IPv4 UDP socket to an
address. I've found that passing an invalid address length
to bind() causes bind to return EINVAL. According to the
bind(2) manpage, this should only occur when using unix
domain sockets (which I am not).
chmod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to chmod() on kernels that don't support fchmodat()
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to chown()/lchown() on kernels that lack fchownat()
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: describe raw epoll_pwait() system call differences
getgroups.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add group_member(3)
getpriority.2
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance discussion of kernel nice range versus user-space nice range
Michael Kerrisk
Move text describing nice range on other systems
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross reference to core(5) in discussion of RLIMIT_CORE
Michael Kerrisk
Describe the "large" resource limit bug on 32-bit platforms
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5042.
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc's setrlimit() and getrlimit() are implemented using prlimit()
kexec_load.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note limit of 16 for 'nr_segments'
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the 'flags' bits that contain the architecture
Michael Kerrisk
Add KEXEC_ARCH_68K to list of architectures for 'flags'
Michael Kerrisk
Reword description of 'flags' a little
link.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to link() on kernels that lack linkat()
Unless 'flags' contains AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW.
mkdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to mkdir() on kernels that don't support mkdirat()
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER usage
This clarifies the PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER section.
I found these issue while implementing some code that uses
the option. The important change is fixing the name of the
sample_stack_user parameter, the rest is just some wording
fixes and minor clarifications.
Vince Weaver
Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC usage
When checking the fields in the PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC type samples
you need to shift the masks before doing the compare.
Although the value you are checking (perf_mem_data_src) is
specified as a bitfield so this might all fall apart if trying
to access the field in a cross-endian way. The Power people
were working on this issue, not sure if they resolved it.
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe fifth argument (sigsetsize) of raw ppoll() system call
process_vm_readv.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ville Ylenius]
Fix typo in example program
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to readlink() on kernels that lack readlinkat()
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk
'addrlen' should be NULL (not 0) if we don't need sender address
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to rename() when the kernel doesn't have renameat()
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
The raw sigtimedwait() system call has a fifth argument
symlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to symlink() on kernels that lack symlinkat()
sysinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
unlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc falls back to unlink() or rmdir() on kernels that lack unlinkat()
atoi.3
Michael Kerrisk
Downgrade discussion of atoq()
Remove most references to atoq() in this page, since this function
was present only in Linux libc (not glibc).
cerf.3
cexp2.3
clog2.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update version number on "Not yet in glibc" sentence
fgetgrent.3
getgrent.3
getgrent_r.3
getgrnam.3
Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
Clarify that 'gr_mem' is a NULL-terminated array of pointers
fseeko.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
getauxval.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document ENOENT error
And add an entry to BUGS explaining the ambiguity that was
present before the addition of this error.
getgrouplist.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add group_member(3)
getline.3
Rahul Bedarkar
Close opened file at end of example program
memmem.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite text of glibc 2.0 bug
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Clarify details of the %n conversion specifier
See http://bugs.debian.org/756602
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Note use of 'j', 'z', and 't' length modifiers for '%n'
See http://bugs.debian.org/756602
Michael Kerrisk
Update with some SUSv3 details
setbuf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient Linux libc and 4.x BSD details
strstr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove discussion of Linux libc bugs
Linux libc is old enough that we needn't care any longer.
strtod.3
Michael Kerrisk
Explain NAN(n-char-sequence)
strtod.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nan(3), nanf(3), NANL(3)
updwtmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Replace AVAILABILITY section with note to link logwtmp() using -lutil
Linux libc details are no longer needed these days.
core.5
Rahul Bedarkar
Close opened file in example program
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Fix kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/stat fields
proc.5
Jan Chaloupka
Add missing proc stats fields
Adding missing proc stats fields from
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
Remove crufty text under 'timer_stats'
Michael Kerrisk
Update /proc/PID/stat 'state' field documentation
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of /proc/PID/stat fields added in Linux 3.3 and 3.5
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to getauxval(3) in discussion of /proc/PID/auxv
Michael Kerrisk
Rework formatting of /proc/PID/stat list
Make the field numbers more prominent.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that /proc/PID/cmdline is read-only
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of CommitLimit and /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
Michael Kerrisk
Improve discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio
charsets.7
David Prévot [Marko Myllynen]
Tidy up list
Remove German from main list, to be consistent with earlier
removal of Dutch and French (in commit a8ed5f7430e0d1).
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that IN_ONLY_DIR can be used to avoid races
Michael Kerrisk
Note that insertion of IN_MOVED_FROM+IN_MOVED_TO pair is not atomic
Michael Kerrisk
Mention use of timeout when reading IN_MOVED_TO after IN_MOVED_FROM
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text describing sections (stylistic improvements)
vdso.7
Mike Frysinger
Add new i386 vdso symbols in Linux 3.15
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version that exports new i386 symbols (Linux 3.15)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.72 ====================
Released: 2014-09-07, Mountain View
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Christian von Roques <roques@mti.ag>
Holger Hans Peter Freyther <holger@moiji-mobile.com>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Sorin Dumitru <sdumitru@ixiacom.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
memusage.1
Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
New page for glibc memusage(1) command
memusagestat.1
Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka, Michael Kerrisk]
New page for glibc memusagestat(1) command
mtrace.1
Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka]
New page describing the glibc mtrace(1) command
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
connect.2
Michael Haardt
Note that a new socket should be used if connect() fails
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
One must define _GNU_SOURCE to get the F_OFD_* definitions
poll.2, select.2
Rusty Russell
Fix erroneous description of "available for write".
POSIX says: "POLLOUT Normal data may be written without
blocking.". This "may" is misleading, see the POSIX
write page:
Write requests to a pipe or FIFO shall be handled in the
same way as a regular file with the following exceptions:
...
If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, a write request may cause
the thread to block, but on normal completion it shall
return nbyte.
...
When attempting to write to a file descriptor (other than a
pipe or FIFO) that supports non-blocking writes and cannot
accept the data immediately:
If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, write() shall block the
calling thread until the data can be accepted.
If the O_NONBLOCK flag is set, write() shall not block the
thread. If some data can be written without blocking the
thread, write() shall write what it can and return the
number of bytes written. Otherwise, it shall return -1 and
set errno to [EAGAIN].
The net result is that write() of more than 1 byte on a
socket, pipe or FIFO which is "ready" may block: write()
(unlike read!) will attempt to write the entire buffer and
only return a short write under exceptional circumstances.
Indeed, this is the behaviour we see in Linux:
https://github.com/rustyrussell/ccan/commit/897626152d12d7fd13a8feb36989eb5c8c1f3485
https://plus.google.com/103188246877163594460/posts/BkTGTMHDFgZ
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add errno(1)
rtnetlink.3
Holger Hans Peter Freyther
Fix parameters for the send() call in the example
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
IN_OPEN and IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE can also occur for directories
Michael Kerrisk
IN_CLOSE_WRITE occurs only for files (not monitored directory)
Michael Kerrisk
IN_MODIFY is generated for files only (not monitored directories)
Michael Kerrisk
IN_ACCESS occurs only for files inside directories
IN_ACCESS does not occur for monitored directory.
packet.7
Sorin Dumitru
Fix include file
It looks like most of the socket options from this man pages
are not defined in <netpacket/packet.h>. They are defined in
<linux/if_packet.h> so we should include that one.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.73 ====================
Released: 2014-09-21, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
Justin Cormack <justin@street-vision.com>
Lorenzo Beretta <lory.fulgi@infinito.it>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Vasily Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Vitaly Rybnikov <frodox@zoho.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
New page providing overview of Linux namespaces
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Vasily Kulikov, Rob Landley,
Serge Hallyn]
New page describing PID namespaces
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Andy Lutomirski, Serge Hallyn]
New page describing user namespaces.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clone.2
Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk]
Document CLONE_NEWUSER for creating a new user namespace
setns.2
Eric W. Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
Document the PID, user, and mount namespace support
Document CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWUSER, and CLONE_NEWNS flags.
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Document CLONE_NEWPID
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Document CLONE_NEWUSER
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_THREAD, CLONE_SIGHAND, and CLONE_VM
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move some CLONE_NEWNET text to namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move some CLONE_NEWUTS text 2 to namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move some CLONE_NEWIPC text to namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Reword discussion of CLONE_NEWNS, removing text also in namespaces(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize text on CLONE_NEW* flags and CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Michael Kerrisk
EINVAL if (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID) && (CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_PARENT)
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail on the meaning of CLONE_SYSVSEM
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields]
Don't mention "classical BSD" in discussion of fcntl()/flock interaction
The noninteraction of flock(2) and fcntl(2) locks does
not seem to be classical BSD semantics (at least, checking
the 4.4BSD sources suggest that the lock types do interact,
although there have been other systems also where fcntl()
and flock() locks do not interact). So, fix the text
discussing "classical BSD" lock semantics.
getunwind.2
Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov]
Fix description of return value
s/size of unwind table/size of the unwind data/
mount.2
Eric W. Biederman
Clarify use of 'mountflags' and 'data' for MS_REMOUNT
reboot.2
Michael Kerrisk [Justin Cormack, Eric W. Biederman]
Document effect of reboot() inside PID namespaces
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to clone(2) for semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM and semadj lists
seteuid.2
setgid.2
setresuid.2
setreuid.2
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
EINVAL can occur if UID/GID is not valid in caller's user namespace
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Clarify capabilities required for reassociating with a mount namespace
Michael Kerrisk
Specify kernel version on each CLONE_NEW* flag
And remove text on flags from VERSIONS.
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM
Michael Kerrisk
CLONE_SYSVSEM does not require CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Michael Kerrisk
Note flags implied by CLONE_THREAD and CLONE_VM
clock.3
Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
The implementation uses clock_gettime() was to improve *accuracy*
(The man page text mistakenly used the word "precision".)
drand48.3
Michael Kerrisk [Lorenzo Beretta]
Remove crufty text about SVID 3 marking drand48() obsolete
See http://bugs.debian.org/758293
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Move /proc/[pid]/mounts text to namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move /proc/[pid]/mountstats text to namespaces.7
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for a discussion of capabilities
Michael Kerrisk
Document CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID for user namespace mappings
Michael Kerrisk
setns() needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the *target* namespace
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 3.8, user namespaces no longer require CAP_SYS_ADMIN
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to namespaces(7) for info on POSIX MQs and IPC namespaces
svipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to namespaces(7) for info on System V IPC and IPC namespaces
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.74 ====================
Released: 2014-10-03, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net>
Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Benjamin Herr <ben@0x539.de>
C. Alex North-Keys <erlkonig@talisman.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Lanchon <lanchon@gmail.com>
Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Shriramana Sharma <samjnaa@gmail.com>
Thomas Mack <mack@ifis.cs.tu-bs.de>
Wieland Hoffmann <themineo@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pldd(1) command added to glibc in version 2.15
cp1252.7
Marko Myllynen
New page documenting CP 1252
CP 1252 is probably one of the most used Windows Code Pages so
let's add a page for it alongside with the already provided
CP 1251 page.
Table generated from /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/CP1252.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_default
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_default
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pldd(1)
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [C. Alex North-Keys]
Remove unneeded ".sh" extension in interpreter script example
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=84701
fanotify_init.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
BUGS: O_CLOEXEC is ignored
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
The 'event_f_flags' failure to check invalid flags was fixed in 3.15
fanotify_mark.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that various bugs were fixed in Linux 3.16
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk [Doug Ledford]
Since Linux 3.5, the accounting formula for RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE has changed
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shriramana Sharma]
Fix number and formula in description of EOVERFLOW error
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ben Hutchings]
Fix description of readlinkat() with empty 'pathname'
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add realpath(3)
sched_setattr.2
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chrt(1)
shmget.2
Manfred Spraul [Michael Kerrisk, Davidlohr Bueso]
Update for increase of SHMALL and SHMMAX
The default values of SHMALL and SHMMAX have been increased.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add 3 new system calls added in Linux 3.17
vmsplice.2
Cyril Hrubis
vmsplice() does not fail when nr_segs==0
This nr_segs==0 case is no-op; the call succeeds and no
EINVAL error is returned.
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pldd(1)
fseeko.3
Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Mack]
_FILE_OFFSET_BITS must be defined before including any header file
getgrent.3
Carlos O'Donell
Add ENOENT and EAGAIN to error list
mq_getattr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
The example program can be used to discover the default
'mq_maxmsg' and 'mq_msgsize' values used to create a queue with
a mq_open(3) call in which 'attr' is NULL.
mq_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Two /proc files control the defaults for the attrp==NULL case
Refer the reader to the discussion in mq_overview(7) for a
discussion of these files, which exist since Linux 3.5.
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add realpath(1)
proc.5
Elie De Brauwer
Document /proc/buddyinfo
This patch adds a short description about the contents of
/proc/buddyinfo and how this file can be used to assist
in checking for memory fragmentation issues.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention pmap(1) in discussion of /proc/PID/smaps
armscii-8.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
ascii.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
This and [the related *.7] patches will provide unification of
charset pages, minor cleanups, and some unifying cosmetic
changes. References are adjusted so that all pages include
a reference to charsets(7), which contains a description of
these sets, stray comments are removed, some obsolete
statements (like ISO 8859-1 being the de-facto ASCII
replacement) are removed, and some minor reformatting
to minimize diff's between the pages are done.
The actual substance, the character tables, remain unchanged.
This series changes the following pages (under man7): ascii,
armscii, cp1251, koi8-r, koi8-u, and all of iso_8859-*.
cp1251.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-10.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-11.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-13.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-14.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-15.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-16.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-1.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-2.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-3.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-4.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-5.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-6.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-7.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-8.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
iso_8859-9.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
koi8-r.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
- remove stray comments, streamline description
(charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed
and up-to-date description)
- list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7
koi8-u.7
Marko Myllynen
Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
- remove stray comments, streamline description
(charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed
and up-to-date description)
- list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update queues_max details for Linux 3.14
And in general rework the text a little.
Michael Kerrisk
Update discussion of HARD_MSGMAX
The limit has changed in 2.6.33 and then again in 3.5.
Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken]
Update details for 'queues_max' limit
Things changed in Linux 3.5.
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1155695
Michael Kerrisk
Update details on defaults and ceiling for 'msgsize_max' limit
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of HARD_MSGMAX
Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso]
Various fixes after review from Davidlohr Bueso
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add taskset(1)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pldd(1)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ld(1)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.75 ====================
Released: 2014-10-15, Düsseldorf
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Robert Schweikert <rjschwei@suse.com>
Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
Robert Schweikert [Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting pthread_rwlockattr_[sg]etkind_np(3)
Documents pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) and
pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np(3).
New and changed links
---------------------
pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np.3
Robert Schweikert
New link to pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Add free() call to example program
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
The raw preadv() and pwritev() syscalls split 'offset' into 2 arguments
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_cond_wait() are restartable
pthread_mutex_lock(, pthread_cond_wait(), and related APIs are
automatically restarted if interrupted by a signal handler.
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, David Miller, Tetsuo Handa]
Various additions and rewordings
Notable changes:
* Clarify some details for pathname sockets.
* Add some advice on portably coding with pathname sockets.
* Note the "buggy" behavior for pathname sockets when
the supplied pathname is 108 bytes (after a report by
Tetsuo Handa).
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.76 ====================
Released: 2014-12-31, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Jiang <jiang.adam@gmail.com>
Andrea Balboni <andrea.balboni@unimore.it>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
David Wragg <david@wragg.org>
Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Huxiaoxiang <huxiaoxiang@huawei.com>
Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Manuel López-Ibáñez <lopezibanez@gmail.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Scott Harvey <scott.harvey@stonybrook.edu>
Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh.poyarekar@gmail.com>
Simon Newton <nomis52@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Sven Hoexter <sven@stormbind.net>
Tobias Werth <werth@cs.fau.de>
Weijie Yang <weijie.yang.kh@gmail.com>
Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
刘湃 <liupai_work@163.com>
尹杰 <writalnaie@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
adjtimex.2
Laurent Georget
Add fields in struct timex description
This patch updates the man page with the new fields added in
struct timex since last edition of the man page.
Laurent Georget [Michael Kerrisk]
Document ADJ_TAI
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT
Michael Kerrisk
Add brief documentation of ADJ_MICRO and ADJ_NANO
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat return value list
And remove numeric values, since they're not needed
Michael Kerrisk
Other 'modes' bits are ignored on ADJ_OFFSET_*
Other bits in 'modes' are ignored if modes contains
ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT or ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ.
Michael Kerrisk
Add nanosecond details
Fixes https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61171.
Michael Kerrisk
Document ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat 'times' flags as list
And remove numeric values, since they're not needed.
Michael Kerrisk
Note effect of ADJ_NANO for ADJ_SETOFFSET
Michael Kerrisk
Add comment noting that timex structure contains padding bytes
Michael Kerrisk
Add more details to description of 'tai' field
Michael Kerrisk
Note meaning of "PLL" abbreviation
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify which 'timex' field is used by each 'modes' bit
Michael Kerrisk
Document timex 'status' bits
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify treatment of other 'modes' bits for ADJ_OFFSET_*
Michael Kerrisk
Update RFC number: RFC 5905 obsoletes RFC 1305
Michael Kerrisk
Briefly document ADJ_SETOFFSET
Michael Kerrisk
Note PPS (pulse per second) fields in timex structure
sigreturn.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add (a lot) more detail on the signal trampoline
And rewrite much of the page.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
proc.5
Bernhard Walle
Document /proc/thread-self
/proc/thread-self has been introduced in Linux 3.17 with
commit 0097875bd41528922fb3bb5f348c53f17e00e2fd.
Sven Hoexter [Michael Kerrisk, Kamezawa Hiroyuki]
Document "VmSwap" field of /proc/[pid]/status
Florian Westphal
Document /proc/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
localedef.1
Marko Myllynen
Mention default path for compiled files
clock_nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'clock_id' can also be a CPU clock ID
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Regular files and directories can't be monitored with epoll_ctl()
ioctl.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Rename 'd' argument to 'fd' in text
In most other manpages file descriptors are called 'fd'.
This patches renames attribute 'd' to 'fd'.
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
VERSIONS: Support for madvise() is now configurable
Support for this system call now depends on the
CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option.
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance rationale discussion for openat() and friends
posix_fadvise.2
Mel Gorman
Document the behavior of partial page discard requests
It is not obvious from the interface that "partial page discard"
requests are ignored. It should be spelled out.
Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang]
ERRORS: Since 2.6.16, the kernel correctly deals with the ESPIPE case
Michael Kerrisk
Support for fadvise64() is now configurable
Support for this system call now depends on the
CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option.
prctl.2
Andreas Schwab
Correct description of null-termination in PR_GET_NAME and PR_SET_NAME
The size of the process name has always been at most 16 byte
_including_ the null terminator. This also means that the
name returned by PR_GET_NAME is always null-terminated.
Michael Kerrisk
PR_SET_NAME silently truncates strings that exceed 16 bytes
restart_syscall.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add some text explaining why restart_syscall() exists
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Add paragraph on how to discover set of CPUs available on system
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) and lscpu(1)
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2)
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add note that interrupted semtimedop() returns 'timeout' unchanged
Michael Kerrisk
Remove information about semtimedop() EAGAIN that is repeated elsewhere
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsection head for semtimedop()
setsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite some pieces and add some details
Among other changes, add an explanation of why setsid() can't
be called from a process group leader
sgetmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since 3.16, support for these system calls is configurable
Support for these calls is now dependent on the setting of the
CONFIG_SGETMASK_SYSCALL option.
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document SA_RESTORER
Michael Kerrisk
Add some detail on the sa_restorer field
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
splice.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat description of 'fd_in' and 'off_in' to improve readability
syscall.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add errno(3)
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add errno(3)
Michael Kerrisk
3.19 adds execveat()
Michael Kerrisk
Add bpf(2) to list
tee.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add shell session demonstrating use of the example program
tkill.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Remove bogus text saying tgid==-1 makes tgkill() equivalent to tkill()
abort.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that SIGABRT is raised as though raise(3) is called
Also note that abort() is POSIX.1-2008 compliant.
cmsg.3
David Wragg
Ensure buf is suitably aligned in sending example
Inspection of the definition of CMSG_FIRSTHDR (both in glibc and
the suggested definition in RFC3542) shows that it yields the
msg_control field. So when sending, the pointer placed in
msg_control should be suitably aligned as a struct cmsghdr.
In the sending example, buf was declared as a bare char array,
and so is not necessarily suitably aligned.
The solution here involves placing buf inside a union, and is
based on the sockets/scm_rights_send.c sample from The Linux
Programming Interface "dist" source code collection.
exp10.3
Michael Kerrisk
Before glibc 2.19, exp() did not give ERANGE error on underflow
http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
FTW_CHDIR has no effect on the 'fpath' argument passed to fn()
getopt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Ensure that 'nsecs' is used
ilogb.3
Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
Since glibc 2.16, ilogb() does correctly diagnose domain errors
memcmp.3
Michael Haardt
Document return value for n==0 case
Michael Haardt
Warn against use of memcmp() for comparing security-critical data
mq_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document the O_CLOEXEC flag
Michael Kerrisk
Place 'flags' constants in alphabetical order
pow.3
Manuel López-Ibáñez
Add note on performance characteristics of pow()
pthread_setschedparam.3
Simon Newton
Fix logic error in example program
The example program will crash if -A is used, since 'attr'
is uninitialized.
$ ./a.out -A
*** Error in `./a.out': free(): invalid pointer: 0xb779c3c4 ***
Aborted (core dumped)
刘湃
Small fixes to example program
sigvec.3
Michael Kerrisk
Starting with version 2.21, glibc no longer exports sigvec()
sysconf.3
Josh Triplett
Document _SC_NGROUPS_MAX
Already documented in getgroups(2), but not in sysconf(3).
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tset(1)
tgamma.3
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.18, errno is correctly set to EDOM when (x == -infinity))
wordexp.3
Carlos O'Donell
Make it clear that WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution
The use of WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution. If the flag
WRDE_NOCMD is set then no command substitution shall occur and
the error WRDE_CMDSUB will be returned if such substitution is
requested when processing the words.
The manual page as-is makes it seem like the command substitution
occurs, and an error is returned *after* the substitution.
This patch clarifies that.
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Describe the formats of values
locale(5) describes what a locale should define but doesn't
spell out how (in what format). The patch attempts to address
this, it also has few trivial additional enhancements.
* Reference to locale(7) for category descriptions.
* Clarify first_workday in NOTES a bit.
* Add upstream BZ reference for two missing LC_ADDRESS fields.
Marko Myllynen
Fix miscoded character
resolv.conf.5
Jan Chaloupka
Add missing no-tld-query option
Based on commit [1], the no-tld-query option exists for
resolv.conf configuration file. Description of this option
is provided in [2]. This patch just copies this option
into resolv.conf.5 man page. Plus changes 'a' member
into 'an' before 'unqualified name as if it ...'
on the third line of [2]. Based on [3], this option
was added in glibc 2.14 as solving [4] bug.
[1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8
[2] http://www.daemon-systems.org/man/resolv.conf.5.html man page.
[3] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=NEWS;h=952f32af17e7fb49c4c1a305de673a13075bfaf5;hb=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8
[4] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12734
credentials.7
Josh Triplett
Cross-reference getgroups(2)
Since credentials.7 discusses supplementary GIDs, it should
reference getgroups(2).
fanotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
Allow relative paths in example
The current example code requires passing an absolute
path to the mount to be watched.
By passing AT_FDCWD to fanotify_mark it can use both
absolute and relative paths.
Heinrich Schuchardt
fallocate(2) creates no events
fallocate(2) should create FAN_MODIFY events but does not.
Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
fanotify notifies only events generated on the same mount
Unfortunately, fanotify does not inform listeners for all paths
under which a touched filesystem object is visible, but only the
listener using the same path as the process touching the
filesystem object.
Heinrich Schuchardt
Update BUGS to note bugs still not fixed in 3.17
I bumped the Linux version number in the BUGS section to 3.17.
inotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
fallocate(2) does not trigger inotify events
Calling fallocate(2) does not result in inotify events.
locale.7
Marko Myllynen
Improve LOCPATH description
LOCPATH is ignored by privileged programs.
Add locale archive references.
Add FILES section.
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget]
Clarify that SEE ALSO entries may refer to pages from other projects
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention other "slow devices"
Reads from eventfd(2), signalfd(2), timerfd(2), inotify(7),
and fanotify(7) file descriptors are also slow operations
that are restartable.
Michael Kerrisk
Fix SO_RECVTIMEO/ SO_SENDTIMEO confusion in text
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 3.8, reads on inotify(7) file descriptors are restartable
Michael Kerrisk
inotify(7) reads no longer show the odd EINTR error after SIGCONT
Since kernel 3.7, reads from inotify(7) file descriptors no longer
show the (Linux oddity) behavior of failing with EINTR when the
process resumes after a stop signal + SIGCONT.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Scott Harvey]
Fix buglet in code snippet in BUGS section
ld.so.8
Carlos O'Donell
Add --inhibit-cache option
The dynamic loader has 6 options, only 5 are documented.
This patch documents the sixth option i.e. `--inhibit-cache`.
Jonathan Wakely [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
Correct documentation of $ORIGIN
As noted by Siddhesh:
The ld.so man page says:
$ORIGIN (or equivalently ${ORIGIN})
This expands to the directory containing the
application executable. Thus, an application located
in somedir/app could be compiled with
This is incorrect since it expands to the directory containing
the DSO and not the application executable. This seems like
deliberate behaviour in dl-object.c, so it needs to be fixed in
the man page.
See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26280738/what-is-the-equivalent-of-loader-path-for-rpath-specification-on-linux/26281226#26281226
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.77 ====================
Released: 2015-01-10, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
Alexandre Bique <bique.alexandre@gmail.com>
Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
Jeff Epler <jepler@unpythonic.net>
Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
Troy Davis <troy@yort.com>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
seccomp.2
Kees Cook, Michael Kerrisk, Will Drewry [Andy Lutomirski]
New page documenting seccomp(2)
Combines documentation from prctl, in-kernel seccomp_filter.txt
and dropper.c, along with details specific to the new system call.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
netlink.7
Stephan Mueller [Michael Kerrisk]
Add NETLINK_CRYPTO
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
adjtimex.2
Laurent Georget [Richard Cochran, Jeff Epler]
Clarify the 'ppm scaling' used in struct timex
This patch makes explicit and clarifies the unit used for
the fields "freq", "ppsfreq" and "stabil" in struct timex.
Michael Kerrisk [Masanari Iida]
Note that TIME_ERROR is the modern synonym for TIME_BAD
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Clarify the PERF_FLAG_FD_* flags
This change clarifies the behavior of the PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT and
PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP flags to perf_event_open(), and removes
the related FIXME comments.
While writing tests to validate the behavior of these flags I
discovered that PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT has been broken since the
2.6.35 kernel release.
prctl.2
Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
Add description of Intel MPX calls
The 3.19 kernel will have support for Intel MPX, including
a pair of new prctl() calls (PR_MPX_ENABLE_MANAGEMENT and
PR_MPX_DISABLE_MANAGEMENT) for enabling and disabling the
kernel's management of the "bounds tables". Add a
descriptions of the interface.
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of seccomp(2) under PR_SET_SECCOMP
Michael Kerrisk
Suggest /proc/PID/status "Seccomp" as alternative to PR_GET_SECCOMP
Michael Kerrisk
SIGKILL can also occur PR_GET_SECCOMP in SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER mode
Kees Cook [Andy Lutomirski]
Document SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER vs EFAULT
This notes the distinction made between EINVAL and EFAULT when
attempting to use SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER with PR_SET_SECCOMP.
setns.2
pid_namespaces.7
Mike Frysinger
Elaborate discussion of the PID namespace descendant limitation
The setns(2) man page already mentions that CLONE_NEWPID may only
be used with descendant namespaces, but this nuance could be
listed in a few more places so it is not missed.
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Motoki]
Make wording of SHMALL description a little clearer
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add siginfo_t fields for SECCOMP_RET_TRAP
memchr.3
strstr.3
Alexandre Bique
Reference memmem(3) in SEE ALSO section
memcmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Michael Haardt]
NOTES: add some detail on avoiding memcmp() of cryptographic data
Wording largely based on comments from Michael Haardt.
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
Jérôme Pouiller [Michael Kerrisk]
Document EINVAL error for pthread_timedjoin_np()
mem.4
Elie De Brauwer
/dev/kmem depends on CONFIG_DEVKMEM
Elie De Brauwer
Correct /dev/port group in example
mem.4 mentions that group for /dev/port should be set to 'mem'
However, all other files (/dev/mem and /dev/kmem) use the kmem
group in their examples and on my system /dev/port belongs to
kmem. Hence the 'mem' group was probably a typo:
Elie De Brauwer
Add CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
Since 2.6.26 the CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM options limits the
physical addresses which can be accessed through /dev/mem.
random.4
Heinrich Schuchardt
Describe handling of O_NONBLOCK
/dev/random and /dev/urandom treat O_NONBLOCK differently.
This should be described in the manpage.
Heinrich Schuchardt
Mention PRNG used by urandom
/dev/urandom uses a pseudo-random number generator to replace
missing entropy.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document "Seccomp" field of /proc/PID/status
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk [Ignat Loskutov]
Use epoll_create1() rather than epoll_create() in the code example
epoll_create1() is more or less the preferred API for new
applications, since it allows for some flags and avoids the
misdesigned epoll_create() argument, and so it seems sensible
to use that in the example, rather than epoll_create().
tcp.7
Troy Davis
Clarify tcp_tw_recycle on Internet-facing hosts
Clarify that tcp_tw_recycle will break communication with many
general-purpose remote Internet hosts (namely, remote NAT devices)
even when the Linux device itself is not behind NAT.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.78 ====================
Released: 2015-01-22, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
Alexey Ishchuk <aishchuk@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christian Seiler <christian@iwakd.de>
Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org>
David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
Jessica McKellar <jessica.mckellar@gmail.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Michael Hayes <mike@aiinc.ca>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
execveat.2
David Drysdale, Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
New page for execveat(2)
memfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk, David Herrmann
New page for memfd_create() system call
Including notes about file sealing
s390_pci_mmio_write.2
Alexey Ishchuk
New page for s390 s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read()
New manual page for the new PCI MMIO memory access system
calls, s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read(),
added for the s390 platform.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fcntl.2
David Herrmann [Michael Kerrisk]
Document F_ADD_SEALS and F_GET_SEALS commands
proc.5
Elie De Brauwer
Document /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/nr_open
New and changed links
---------------------
s390_pci_mmio_read.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new s390_pci_mmio_write(2) page
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
dup.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EMFILE error
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EBADF error on 'newfd'.
execve.2
fexecve.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add execveat(2)
fallocate.2
mmap.2
open.2
truncate.2
write.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM for operation denied by file seal
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EBUSY case for F_SETPIPE_SZ
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for F_DUPFD EINVAL error on 'arg'.
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add open file description lock error cases
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update text on RLIMIT_NOFILE ceiling to refer to /proc/sys/fs/file-max
mbind.2
Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman]
Clarify EFAULT text
mmap.2
shmget.2
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to RLIMIT_NOFILE for explanation of EMFILE error
Michael Kerrisk
Add execveat(2) in system call list under "Rationale for openat()"
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Clarify description of overflow events
Update the perf_event_open manpage to be more consistent when
discussing overflow events. It merges the discussion of
poll-type notifications with those generated by SIGIO
signal handlers.
This addresses the remaining FIXMEs is the document.
Vince Weaver
Remove inaccurate paragraph describing attr.config
Remove an inaccurate paragraph about values in the attr.config
field. This information was never true in any released kernel;
it somehow snuck into the manpage because it is still described
this way in tools/perf/design.txt in the kernel source tree.
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the kernel version number for PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE
Michael Kerrisk
Add some kernel version numbers to various fields and constants
ptrace.2
sigaction.2
seccomp.2
Kees Cook
Ptrace and siginfo details
While writing some additional seccomp tests, I realized
PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP wasn't documented yet. Fixed this, and added
additional notes related to ptrace events SIGTRAP details.
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update details on glibc readv()/writev() wrapper behavior
And add a historical detail about Linux 2.0.
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention RLIMIT_NOFILE as a possible cause of EINVAL error
syscall.2
Kees Cook
Add arm64 and mips
Add mips and arm64 to tables, along with some further
details on these architectures,
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add s390_pci_mmio_read(2) and s390_pci_mmio_write(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel() version that introduced get_kernel_syms()
Note kernel version that introduced ppc_rtas()
Note kernel version that introduced create_module()
Note kernel version that added setup()
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some details for sync_file_range2()
Make the table a bit simpler. The details can anyway be
found in the system call man page.
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Elliot Hughes]
If both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, the file need not exist
As noted by Elliot, if both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT,
utimensat() will return success even if the file does not exist.
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
The RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit is a common cause of EMFILE
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add execveat(2)
fclose.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE*
instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something
and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly
and understand what they are looking at.
fexecve.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite the script+close-on-exec problem as a BUG
Also, add one or two details about this scenario.
Michael Kerrisk
The natural idiom when using fexecve() is to use the close-on-exec flag
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
fopencookie.3
Michael Kerrisk
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
getgrent_r.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
getline.3
Michael Kerrisk
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
getmntent.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
getpw.3
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
Describe return value when 'uid' is not found
getpwent_r.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
getspnam.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
malloc_info.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
posix_fallocate.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that posix_fallocate() is implemented using fallocate(2)
putgrent.3
Carlos O'Donell
Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE*
instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something
and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly
and understand what they are looking at.
locale.5
Akihiro Motoki
Correct variable name
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Remove bogus statement about NR_OPEN being a ceiling for file-max
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.79 ====================
Released: 2015-02-01, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
Sergey V. Zubkov <cubbi@cubbi.com>
Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
getrandom.2
Heinrich Schuchardt, Theodore T'so, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting getrandom(2)
Kernel 3.17 introduces a new system call getrandom(2).
kexec_load.2
Vivek Goyal, Michael Kerrisk
Add documentation of kexec_file_load(2)
Michael Kerrisk, Vivek Goyal
Rewrite and extend documentation of kexec_load().
New and changed links
---------------------
kexec_file_load.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to kexec_load.2
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
personality.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add setarch(8)
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Unused arguments of PR_MPX_(EN,DIS}ABLE_MANAGEMENT must be zero
reboot.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add kexec_load(2)
socket.2
Stephan Mueller
document AF_ALG
Add a reference to the AF_ALG protocol accessible via socket(2).
fflush.3
Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov]
Clarify that flushing of input streams occurs only for seekable files
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91931
Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov]
POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior when flushing input streams
POSIX.1-2001 did not have a specification for input streams,
but POSIX.1-2008 added one.
getopt.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getopt(1)
random.3
Heinrich Schuchardt
SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2)
termios.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), tput(1)
tzset.3
J William Piggott
Document behavior when TZ filespec omits the colon
If the TZ filespec omits the leading colon, glibc will parse
it for any valid format, i.e., it will still work.
J William Piggott
Add description for posixrules file
J William Piggott
Correct system timezone file path
J William Piggott
There are only two TZ formats
tzset(3) currently states that there are three TZ formats. The
first two it lists are actually variations of the POSIX-style
TZ format, of which there are at least five variations.
This patch corrects this to match the POSIX specification of
TZ having only two formats.
J William Piggott
Filespec omitted incorrect
Paragraph three of the DESCRIPTION section says
that when TZ is set, but empty, then UTC is used.
Later it says if the TZ filespec is omitted then the file
/usr/share/zoneinfo/localtime is used. This is incorrect,
it will use UTC in that case as well.
J William Piggott
Fix incorrect TZ string representation
The TZ string representation indicates that the start/end
rules are required; this is incorrect.
J William Piggott
Add ENVIRONMENT section + other rearrangements
FILES section was overly verbose and included
environment variables. Added ENVIRONMENT section,
removing ENV VARS from the FILES section.
random.4
Heinrich Schuchardt
SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2)
passwd.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chfn(1), chsh(1)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add getrandom(2) to list of restartable system calls
Michael Kerrisk
Add F_OFD_SETLKW to list of restartable operations
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.80 ====================
Released: 2015-02-21, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Bill McConnaughey <mcconnau@biochem.wustl.edu>
Chris Mayo <aklhfex@gmail.com>
Christophe Blaess <Christophe@blaess.fr>
David Wilson <dw@botanicus.net>
Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org>
Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com>
Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
Kevin Easton <kevin@guarana.org>
Luke Faraone <lfaraone@debian.org>
Mark Seaborn <mseaborn@chromium.org>
Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Patrick Horgan <phorgan1@gmail.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Rob Somers <uberkermit@gmail.com>
Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Tao Ma <tao.ma@oracle.com>
Tobias Herzke <tobias.linuxpatches.2014@gi2.herzkes.de>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Zbigniew Brzeziński <zbigniew.brzezinski@student.put.poznan.pl>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
ioctl_fat.2
Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
New man page for the ioctl(2) FAT API
The ioctl(2) system call may be used to retrieve information about
the FAT file system and to set file attributes.
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Summary: this page has been significantly reorganised and rewritten
Michael Kerrisk
Recast discussion of 'advice' into two groups of values
madvise() is one of those system calls that has congealed over
time, as has the man page. It's helpful to split the discussion
of 'advice' into those flags into two groups:
* Those flags that are (1) widespread across implementations;
(2) have counterparts in posix_madvise(3); and (3) were present
in the initial Linux madvise implementation.
* The rest, which are values that (1) may not have counterparts
in other implementations; (2) have no counterparts in
posix_madvise(3); and (3) were added to Linux in more recent
times.
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly list the five flags provided by posix_fadvise()
Over time, bit rot has afflicted this page. Since the original
text was written many new Linux-specific flags have been added.
So, now it's better to explicitly list the flags that
correspond to the POSIX analog of madvise().
Jan Chaloupka [Hugh Dickins, Michael Kerrisk]
Starting with Linux 3.5, more file systems support MADV_REMOVE
Michael Kerrisk
Split EINVAL error into separate cases
Michael Kerrisk
Explain MADV_REMOVE in terms of file hole punching
Michael Kerrisk
MADV_REMOVE can be applied only to shared writable mappings
Michael Kerrisk
MADV_REMOVE cannot be applied to locked or Huge TLB pages
Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
Clarify that MADV_DONTNEED has effect on pages only if it succeeds
Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
Clarifications for MADV_DONTNEED
Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko]
Improve MADV_DONTNEED description
Michael Kerrisk
MADV_DONTNEED cannot be applied to Huge TLB or locked pages
Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
Remove mention of "shared pages" as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED
Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
Note Huge TLB as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED
Michael Kerrisk [Minchan Kim]
Add mention of VM_PFNMAP in discussion of MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_REMOVE
Michael Kerrisk
Drop sentence saying that kernel may ignore 'advice'
The sentence creates misunderstandings, and does not really
add information.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that some Linux-specific 'advice' change memory-access semantics
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Remove crufty text about "command" versus "advice"
The point made in this fairly ancient text is more or less evident
from the DESCRIPTION, and it's not clear what "standard" is being
referred to.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention POSIX.1-2008 addition of POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "POSIX.1b" from CONFORMING TO
Michael Kerrisk
Move mention of posix_fadvise() from CONFORMING TO to SEE ALSO
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM error case for MADV_HWPOISON
Michael Kerrisk
Note that madvise() is nonstandard, but widespread
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
(Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/socketcreate
Michael Kerrisk
(Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/keycreate
Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Smalley]
Document /proc/PID/attr/{current,exec,fscreate,prev}
Heavily based on Stephen Smalley's text in
https://lwn.net/Articles/28222/
From: Stephen Smalley <sds@epoch.ncsc.mil>
To: LKML and others
Subject: [RFC][PATCH] Process Attribute API for Security Modules
Date: 08 Apr 2003 16:17:52 -0400
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/auto_msgmni
socket.7
David Wilson [Michael Kerrisk]
Document SO_REUSEPORT socket option
New and changed links
---------------------
get_thread_area.2
Andy Lutomirski
Make get_thread_area.2 a link to rewritten set_thread_area.2 page
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
time.1
Michael Kerrisk
Make option argument formatting consistent with other pages
access.2
Denys Vlasenko
Explain how access() check treats capabilities
We have users who are terribly confused why their binaries
with CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability see EACCESS from access() calls,
but are able to read the file.
The reason is access() isn't the "can I read/write/execute this
file?" question, it is the "(assuming that I'm a setuid binary,)
can *the user who invoked me* read/write/execute this file?"
question.
That's why it uses real UIDs as documented, and why it ignores
capabilities when capability-endorsed binaries are run by non-root
(this patch adds this information).
To make users more likely to notice this less-known detail,
the patch expands the explanation with rationale for this logic
into a separate paragraph.
arch_prctl.2
set_thread_area.2
get_thread_area.2
Andy Lutomirski
Improve TLS documentation
The documentation for set_thread_area was very vague. This
improves it, accounts for recent kernel changes, and merges
it with get_thread_area.2.
get_thread_area.2 now becomes a link.
While I'm at it, clarify the related arch_prctl.2 man page.
cacheflush.2
Ralf Baechle
Update some portability details and bugs
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to BUGS in discussion of EINVAL error
capget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document V3 capabilities constants
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite discussion of kernel versions that support file capabilities
File capabilities ceased to be optional in Linux 2.6.33.
clone.2
Peng Haitao
Fix description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
CLONE_PARENT_SETTID only stores child thread ID in parent memory.
clone.2
execve.2
Kevin Easton
Document interaction of execve(2) with CLONE_FILES
This patch the fact that a successful execve(2) in a process that
is sharing a file descriptor table results in unsharing the table.
I discovered this through testing and verified it by source
inspection - there is a call to unshare_files() early in
do_execve_common().
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
Clarify cases of conflict between traditional record and OFD locks
Verified by experiment on Linux 3.15 and 3.19rc4.
fork.2
Michal Hocko
EAGAIN is not reported when task allocation fails
I am not sure why we have:
"EAGAIN fork() cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy
the parent's page tables and allocate a task structure
or the child."
The text seems to be there from the time when man-pages
were moved to git so there is no history for it.
And it doesn't reflect reality: the kernel reports both
dup_task_struct and dup_mm failures as ENOMEM to the
userspace. This seems to be the case from early 2.x times
so let's simply remove this part.
Heinrich Schuchardt
Child and parent run in separate memory spaces
fork.2 should clearly point out that child and parent
process run in separate memory spaces.
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
getpid.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
getxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
Various rewordings plus one or two details clarified
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to example in listxattr(2)
killpg.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
listxattr.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Provide example program
Michael Kerrisk
Reword discussion of size==0 case
Michael Kerrisk
Add note on handling increases in sizes of keys or values
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of which filesystems implement ACLs
Such a list will only become outdated (as it already was).
migrate_pages.2
Jan Stancek
Document EFAULT and EINVAL errors
I encountered these errors while writing testcase for migrate_pages
syscall for LTP (Linux test project).
I checked stable kernel tree 3.5 to see which paths return these.
Both can be returned from get_nodes(), which is called from:
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(migrate_pages, pid_t, pid, unsigned long, maxnode,
const unsigned long __user *, old_nodes,
const unsigned long __user *, new_nodes)
The testcase does following:
EFAULT
a) old_nodes/new_nodes is area mmaped with PROT_NONE
b) old_nodes/new_nodes is area not mmapped in process address
space, -1 or area that has been just munmmaped
EINVAL
a) maxnodes overflows kernel limit
b) new_nodes contain node, which has no memory or does not exist
or is not returned for get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED).
modify_ldt.2
Andy Lutomirski
Overhaul the documentation
This clarifies the behavior and documents all four functions.
Andy Lutomirski
Clarify the lm bit's behavior
The lm bit should never have existed in the first place. Sigh.
mprotect.2
Mark Seaborn
Mention effect of READ_IMPLIES_EXEC personality flag
I puzzled over mprotect()'s effect on /proc/*/maps for a while
yesterday -- it was setting "x" without PROT_EXEC being specified.
Here is a patch to add some explanation.
msgget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add details of MSGMNI default value
msgop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify wording of MSGMAX and MSGMNB limits
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Clarify PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH behavior
Currently the PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH ioctl, when applied to a group
leader, will refresh all children. Also if a refresh value of 0
is chosen then the refresh becomes infinite (never runs out).
Back in 2011 PAPI was relying on these behaviors but I was told
that both were unsupported and subject to being removed at any time.
(See https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/24/337 )
However the behavior has not been changed.
This patch updates the manpage to still list the behavior as
unsupported, but removes the inaccurate description of it
only being a problem with 2.6 kernels.
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey]
Mention file capabilities in discussion of PR_SET_DUMPABLE
Michael Kerrisk
Greatly expand discussion of "dumpable" flag
In particular, detail the interactions with
/proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder paragraphs describing PR_SET_DUMPABLE
Michael Kerrisk
Mention SUID_DUMP_DISABLE and SUID_DUMP_USER under PR_SET_DUMPABLE
Michael Kerrisk
Executing a file with capabilities also resets the parent death signal
ptrace.2
James Hunt
Explain behaviour should ptrace tracer call execve(2)
This behaviour was verified by reading the kernel source and
confirming the behaviour using a test program.
Denys Vlasenko
Add information on PTRACE_SEIZE versus PTRACE_ATTACH differences
Extend description of PTRACE_SEIZE with the short summary of its
differences from PTRACE_ATTACH.
The following paragraph:
PTRACE_EVENT_STOP
Stop induced by PTRACE_INTERRUPT command, or group-stop, or ini-
tial ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached
using PTRACE_SEIZE), or PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE was used.
has an editing error (the part after last comma makes no sense).
Removing it.
Mention that legacy post-execve SIGTRAP is disabled by PTRACE_SEIZE.
sched_setattr.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Blaess]
SYNOPSIS: remove 'const' from 'attr' sched_getattr() argument
semget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note default value for SEMMNI and SEMMSL
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note defaults for SEMOPM and warn against increasing > 1000
sendfile.2
Eric Wong
Caution against modifying sent pages
setxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add ENOTSUP for invalid namespace prefix
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant text under ENOTSUP error
Michael Kerrisk
Note that zero-length attribute values are permitted
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text describing 'flags' argument
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
statfs.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
Document the 'f_flags' field added in Linux 2.6.36
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'statfs' structure has some padding bytes
The number of padding bytes has changed over time, as some
bytes are used, so describe this aspect of the structure
less explicitly.
Tao Ma
Add OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC
Michael Kerrisk
Use __fsword_t in statfs structure definition
This more closely matches modern glibc reality.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a note on the __fsword_t type
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'f_spare' more vaguely
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that waitpid() is a wrapper for wait4()
Michael Kerrisk
Note that wait() is a library function implemented via wait4()
wait4.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
encrypt.3
Rob Somers
Improve code example
I (and some others) found that the original example code
did not seem to work as advertised. The new code (used by
permission of the original author, Jens Thoms Toerring)
was found on comp.os.linux.development.
mktemp.3
Luke Faraone
DESCRIPTION reference to BUGS corrected
mktemp(3)'s DESCRIPTION referenced NOTES, but no such
section exists. Corrected to refer to BUGS.
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
Tobias Herzke
Describe EINVAL in ERRORS
resolver.3
host.conf.5
Simon Paillard
host.conf 'order' option deprecated, replaced by nsswitch.conf(5)
http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2389
http://repo.or.cz/w/glibc.git/commit/b9c65d0902e5890c4f025b574725154032f8120a
Reported at http://bugs.debian.org/270368,
http://bugs.debian.org/396633, and http://bugs.debian.org/344233.
statvfs.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document missing 'f_flag' bit values
And reorganize information relating to which flags are in
POSIX.1.
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
statvfs() now populates 'f_flag' from statfs()'s f_flag field
These changes came with glibc 2.13, and the kernel's addition of
a 'f_flags' field in Linux 2.6.36.
syslog.3
Michael Kerrisk [Doug Goldstein]
Remove unneeded <stdarg.h>
vsyslog() does not need this.
tzset.3
J William Piggott
Add offset format
tzset.3 does not illustrate the POSIX offset format.
Specifically, there is no indication in the manual
what the optional components of it are.
random.4
Michael Kerrisk
Note maximum number of bytes returned by read(2) on /dev/random
Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre]
Since Linux 3.16, reads from /dev/urandom return at most 32 MB
See https://bugs.debian.org/775328 and
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80981#c9
core.5
Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey]
Executing a file that has capabilities also prevents core dumps
Michael Kerrisk
Document "%i" and "%I" core_pattern specifiers
intro.5
Michael Kerrisk
Remove words "and protocols"
There are no protocol descriptions in Section 5. Protocols are
in Section 7.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to prctl(2) in discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
And note that /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable defines the
value assigned to the process "dumpable" flag in certain
circumstances.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required to list /proc/PID/map_files
This might however change in the future; see the Jan 2015 LKML thread:
Re: [RFC][PATCH v2] procfs: Always expose /proc/<pid>/map_files/
and make it readable
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nsswitch.conf(5)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS as an alternative to prctl() PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
Chris Mayo
NOTES: add last kernel versions for obsolete options
The CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES option was removed by
commit 5915eb53861c5776cfec33ca4fcc1fd20d66dd27
The CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES option removed in
Linux 2.6.33 as already mentioned in DESCRIPTION.
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fork(2)
unix.7
Jan Chaloupka
Mention SOCK_STREAM socket for ioctl_type of ioctl()
from https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1110401.
unix.7 is not clear about socket type of ioctl_type argument of
ioctl() function. The description of SIOCINQ is applicable only
for SOCK_STREAM socket. For SOCK_DGRAM, udp(7) man page gives
correct description of SIOCINQ
ldconfig.8
Michael Kerrisk
Place options in alphabetical order
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc version number for '-l' option
Michael Kerrisk
Document -c/--format option
Michael Kerrisk
Add long form of some options
Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Horgan]
ld.so.conf uses only newlines as delimiters
mtk: confirmed by reading source of parse_conf() in
elf/ldconfig.c.
Michael Kerrisk
Document -V/--version option
Michael Kerrisk
Document -i/--ignore-aux-cache option
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate "Hardware capabilities" to be a subsection under notes
This is more consistent with standard man-pages headings
and layout.
Michael Kerrisk
(Briefly) document LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicate description of LD_BIND_NOT
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.81 ====================
Released: 2015-03-02, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexandre Oliva <aoliva@redhat.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
attributes.7
Alexandre Oliva, Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
New page describing POSIX safety concepts
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
Peng Haitao, Michael Kerrisk
Reformat existing thread-safety information to use a
tabular format, rather than plain text.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mmap.2
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function mmap() and munmap() are thread safe.
a64l.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
acos.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function acos(), acosf() and acosl() are thread safe.
acosh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function acosh(), acoshf() and acoshl() are thread safe.
addseverity.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function is thread-safe
The function addseverity() is thread safe.
aio_cancel.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_cancel() is thread safe.
aio_fsync.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_fsync() is thread safe.
aio_read.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_read() is thread safe.
aio_suspend.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_suspend() is thread safe.
aio_write.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function aio_write() is thread safe.
argz_add.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
asin.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function asin(), asinf() and asinl() are thread safe.
assert.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
assert_perror.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
atan2.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function atan2(), atan2f() and atan2l() are thread safe.
atanh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function atanh(), atanhf() and atanhl() are thread safe.
backtrace.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
btowc.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function btowc() in glibc is thread safe.
Its marking matches glibc marking.
cabs.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function cabs(), cabsf() and cabsl() are thread safe.
cacos.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function cacos(), cacosf() and cacosl() are thread safe.
cacosh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cacosh(), cacoshf() and cacoshl() in glibc are
thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
canonicalize_file_name.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The functions canonicalize_file_name() in glibc is thread safe.
Its marking matches glibc marking.
carg.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function carg(), cargf() and cargl() are thread safe.
casin.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions casin(), casinf() and casinl() are thread safe.
Their markings match glibc markings.
casinh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions casinh(), casinhf() and casinhl() in glibc are
thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
catan.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions catan(), catanf() and catanl() are thread safe.
Their markings match glibc markings.
catanh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions catanh(), catanhf() and catanhl() in glibc are
thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
catopen.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions catopen() and catclose() are thread safe.
cfree.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function cfree() in glibc is thread safe.
Its marking matches glibc marking.
clog10.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions clog10(), clog10f() and clog10l() in glibc are
thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
clog.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function clog(), clogf() and clogl() are thread safe.
closedir.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function closedir() in glibc is thread safe.
Its marking matches glibc marking.
confstr.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function confstr() is thread safe.
cosh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cosh(), coshf() and coshl() in glibc are thread safe.
Its markings match glibc markings.
cpow.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions cpow(), cpowf() and cpowl() in glibc are thread safe.
Its markings match glibc markings.
crypt.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
ctermid.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
According to the change of source code, ctermid's level has been
changed from MT-Unsafe to MT-Safe. After modifying, the marking
matches the glibc marking.
drand48.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
drand48_r.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
ecvt.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
ecvt_r.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
encrypt.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
envz_add.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
exec.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions execl(), execlp(), execle(), execv(), execvp() and
execvpe() are thread safe.
exit.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
exp10.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
exp2.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function exp2(), exp2f() and exp2l() are thread safe.
exp.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function exp(), expf() and expl() are thread safe.
fclose.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function fclose() is thread safe.
Its marking matches glibc marking.
fcloseall.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
fgetc.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
fgetwc.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
fgetws.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
fmod.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function fmod(), fmodf() and fmodl() are thread safe.
fnmatch.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function fnmatch() is thread safe with exceptions.
fopen.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
fopencookie.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
fread.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fread() and fwrite() are thread safe.
gamma.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions gamma(), gammaf() and gammal() are not thread safe.
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getcontext.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getcwd.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions getcwd(), getwd() and get_current_dir_name() are
thread safe.
getdate.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getenv.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions getenv() and secure_getenv() are thread safe.
getfsent.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions setfsent(), getfsent(), endfsent(), getfsspec()
and getfsfile() are not thread safe.
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getgrent.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getgrnam.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getgrouplist.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function getgrouplist() is thread safe with exceptions.
getlogin.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getopt.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions getopt(), getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() are
not thread safe.
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getpass.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getpwent.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
getpwnam.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
gets.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
getw.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions getw() and putw() are thread safe.
gnu_get_libc_version.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions gnu_get_libc_version() and gnu_get_libc_release()
are thread safe.
hsearch.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
iconv.3
Peng Haitao
Modify thread-safety information
inet.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions inet_aton() and inet_addr() are thread safe with
exceptions.
The functions inet_network(), inet_ntoa(), inet_makeaddr(),
inet_lnaof() and inet_netof() are thread safe.
Modify thread-safety information
After researching and talking, we think inet_network() and
inet_ntoa() should be marked with locale.
After changing, the markings match glbc markings.
inet_pton.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function inet_pton() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswdigit.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswdigit() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswgraph.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswgraph() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswlower.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswlower() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswprint.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswprint() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswpunct.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswpunct() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswspace.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswspace() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswupper.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswupper() is thread safe with exceptions.
iswxdigit.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function iswxdigit() is thread safe with exceptions.
j0.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function j0(), j1f() jnl() and so on are thread safe.
lio_listio.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
log10.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function log10(), log10f() and log10l() are thread safe.
log2.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function log2(), log2f() and log2l() are thread safe.
log.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function log(), logf() and logl() are thread safe.
makecontext.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
makedev.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
The macros makedev(), major() and minor() are thread safe.
malloc.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function malloc(), free(), calloc() and realloc() are
thread safe.
mblen.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
mbstowcs.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
mbtowc.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
The function mbtowc() is not thread safe.
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
mktemp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function mktemp() is thread safe.
mtrace.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
The functions mtrace() and muntrace() are not thread safe.
nan.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
nl_langinfo.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function nl_langinfo() is thread safe with exceptions.
opendir.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
pow10.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function pow10(), pow10f() and pow10l() are thread safe.
pow.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function pow(), powf() and powl() are thread safe.
pthread_setcancelstate.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add async-signal-safety information
ptsname.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
putenv.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-unsafe
The function putenv() is thread unsafe.
puts.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions fputc(), fputs(), putc(), putchar() and puts() are
thread safe.
putwchar.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
qecvt.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
rand.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
The functions rand(), rand_r() and srand() are thread safe.
random_r.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
readdir.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
realpath.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
regex.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions regcomp() and regexec() are thread safe with
exceptions.
The functions regerror() and regfree() are thread safe.
remainder.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
scalb.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function scalb(), scalbf() and scalbl() are thread safe.
setenv.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-unsafe
The function setenv() and unsetenv() are thread unsafe.
siginterrupt.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
sigset.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
The functions sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse() and sigignore()
are thread safe.
sinh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function sinh(), sinhf() and sinhl() are thread safe.
sqrt.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function sqrt(), sqrtf() and sqrtl() are thread safe.
stdarg.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
stdio_ext.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
Change the thread safety information to be the same as glibc.
strcasecmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions strcasecmp() and strncasecmp() are thread safe
with exceptions.
strerror.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
strfmon.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
strfry.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function strfry() is thread safe.
strftime.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function strftime() is thread safe with exceptions.
strptime.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function strptime() is thread safe with exceptions.
strtok.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
strverscmp.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function strverscmp() is thread safe.
strxfrm.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
syslog.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions openlog() and closelog() are thread safe.
The functions syslog() and vsyslog() are thread safe with
exceptions.
tempnam.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The function tempnam() is thread safe.
termios.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As this is man page for Linux, we don't need thread safety
information for bsd
tgamma.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions tgamma(), tgammaf() and tgammal() in glibc are
thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
timegm.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
The functions timelocal() and timegm() are thread safe with
exceptions.
tmpfile.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its markings match glibc markings.
tmpnam.3
Peng Haitao
Modify thread-safety information
When the argument s is NULL, tmpnam() should be MT-Unsafe.
toupper.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
After researching and talking, we think toupper() and tolower()
should not be marked with locale.
After changing, the markings match glbc markings.
tsearch.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The functions' markings match glibc markings.
ttyname.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
tzset.3
Peng Haitao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
The function tzset() is thread safe with exceptions.
wcsdup.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
Its marking matches glibc marking.
wctomb.3
Ma Shimiao
Modify thread-safety information
As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
y0.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The function y0(), y1f() ynl() and so on are thread safe.
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to attributes(7) for details of ATTRIBUTES section
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.82 ====================
Released: 2015-03-29, Paris
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alban Crequy <alban.crequy@gmail.com>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
Chris Delozier <c.s.delozier@gmail.com>
David Madore <david.madore@ens.fr>
Dmitry Deshevoy <mityada@gmail.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
Mikael Pettersson <mikpelinux@gmail.com>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Nicolas FRANCOIS <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Paul E Condon <pecondon@mesanetworks.net>
Peter Adkins <peter.adkins@kernelpicnic.net>
Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Taisuke Yamada <tai@rakugaki.org>
Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
<ygrex@ygrex.ru>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
nptl.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page with details of the NPTL POSIX threads implementation
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
user_namespaces.7
Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk]
Document /proc/[pid]/setgroups
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
intro.1
Stéphane Aulery
Prompt is not % but $
Stéphane Aulery
Various improvements
- Add reference to other common shells dash(1), ksh(1)
- Add a reference to stdout(3)
- Separate cp and mv descriptions
- Add examples of special cases of cd
- Add su(1) and shutdown(8) references for section Logout
and poweroff
- Move Control-D to section Logout and poweroff
- Fix some little formatting errors
Stéphane Aulery
Add cross references cited
Stéphane Aulery
Order SEE ALSO section
clone.2
Josh Triplett
Document that clone() silently ignores CLONE_PID and CLONE_STOPPED
Normally, system calls return EINVAL for flags they don't support.
Explicitly document that clone does *not* produce an error for
these two obsolete flags.
Michael Kerrisk
Small rewording of explanation of clone() wrt threads
Clone has so many effects that it's an oversimplification to say
that the *main* use of clone is to create a thread. (In fact,
the use of clone() to create new processes may well be more
common, since glibc's fork() is a wrapper that calls clone().)
getgroups.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
in a process share credentials.
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM for the case where /proc/PID/setgroups is "deny"
Michael Kerrisk
Note capability associated with EPERM error for setgroups(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups
The discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups has moved from
proc(5) to user_namespaces(7).
getpid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getppid() returns 0 if parent is in different PID namespace
getsockopt.2
Konstantin Shemyak
Note RETURN VALUE details when netfilter is involved
ioctl_list.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2
Add FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID
SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
include/linux/ext2_fs.h
Include linux/ext2_fs.h does not contain any ioctl definitions
anymore.
Request codes EXT2_IOC* have been replaced by FS_IOC* in
linux/fs.h.
Some definitions of FS_IOC_* use long* but the actual code expects
int* (see fs/ext2/ioctl.c).
msgop.2
Bill Pemberton
Remove EAGAIN as msgrcv() errno
The list of errnos for msgrcv() lists both EAGAIN and ENOMSG as
the errno for no message available with the IPC_NOWAIT flag.
ENOMSG is the errno that will be set.
Bill Pemberton
Add an example program
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
Mention blocking semantics for FIFO opens
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=95191
seccomp.2
Jann Horn [Kees Cook, Mikael Pettersson, Andy Lutomirski]
Add note about alarm(2) not being sufficient to limit runtime
Jann Horn
Explain blacklisting problems, expand example
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Add mention of libseccomp
setgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that setgid() changes all GIDs when caller has CAP_SETGID
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
in a process share credentials.
setresuid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
in a process share credentials.
setreuid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
in a process share credentials.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that setuid() changes all UIDs when caller has CAP_SETUID
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
in a process share credentials.
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add discussion of rt_sigaction(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc wrapper gives an EINVAL error on attempts to change the
disposition of either of the two real-time signals used by NPTL.
sigpending.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add discussion of rt_sigpending(2)
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add discussion of rt_sigprocmask(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc wrapper silently ignores attempts to block the two
real-time signals used by NPTL.
sigreturn.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add discussion of rt_sigreturn(2)
sigsuspend.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add discussion of rt_sigsuspend(2)
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc wrappers silently ignore attempts to wait for
signals used by NPTL.
Michael Kerrisk
Add discussion of rt_sigtimedwait(2)
socket.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
SEE ALSO close(2)
The description mentions close(2). Hence it should also be
referenced in the SEE ALSO section.
syscall.2
Jann Horn
Add x32 ABI
umount.2
Eric W. Biederman
Document the effect of shared subtrees on umount(2)
Eric W. Biederman
Correct the description of MNT_DETACH
I recently realized that I had been reasoning improperly about
what umount(MNT_DETACH) did based on an insufficient description
in the umount.2 man page, that matched my intuition but not the
implementation.
When there are no submounts, MNT_DETACH is essentially harmless to
applications. Where there are submounts, MNT_DETACH changes what
is visible to applications using the detach directories.
Michael Kerrisk
Move "shared mount + umount" text to a subsection in NOTES
aio_return.3
Stéphane Aulery
Document the return value on error
Reported by Alexander Holler <holler@ahsoftware.de>
clock.3
Stéphane Aulery
CLOCKS_PER_SEC = 1000000 is required by XSI, not POSIX
Debian Bug #728213 reported by Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org>
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728213
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Amend error in description of dlclose() behavior
The current text says that unloading depends on whether
the reference count falls to zero *and no other libraries
are using symbols in this library*. That latter text has
been there since man-pages-1.29, but it seems rather dubious.
How could the implementation know whether other libraries
are still using symbols in this library? Furthermore, no
other implementation's man page mentions this point.
Seems best to drop this point.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details for RTLD_DEFAULT
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details on RTLD_NEXT and preloading
Michael Kerrisk
RTLD_NEXT works for symbols generally, not just functions
The common use case is for functions, but RTLD_NEXT
also applies to variable symbols.
Michael Kerrisk
dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries
Note that dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries
that were loaded by dlopen()
Michael Kerrisk
Rename second dlopen() argument from "flag" to "flags"
This is more consistent with other such arguments
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat text on RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT
fmemopen.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
fpathconf.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
fputwc.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
fputws.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
fseek.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
fseeko.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
gcvt.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
getline.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
getwchar.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
hypot.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
iconv_open.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
if_nameindex.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
initgroups.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
mq_open.3
Torvald Riegel
Add EINVAL error case for invalid name
This behavior is implementation-defined by POSIX. If the name
doesn't start with a '/', glibc returns EINVAL without attempting
the syscall.
popen.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
pthread_kill.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc pthread_kill() function gives an error on attempts
to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL.
pthread_sigmask.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc implementation silently ignores attempts to block the two
real-time signals used by NPTL.
pthread_sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc pthread_sigqueue() function gives an error on attempts
to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL.
resolver.3
Stéphane Aulery [Jakub Wilk]
Document missing options used by _res structure indicate defaults
Missing options: RES_INSECURE1, RES_INSECURE2, RES_NOALIASES,
USE_INET6, ROTATE, NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG, BLAST, USEBSTRING,
NOIP6DOTINT, USE_EDNS0, SNGLKUP, SNGLKUPREOP, RES_USE_DNSSEC,
NOTLDQUERY, DEFAULT
Written from the glibc source and resolv.conf.5.
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=527136
Stéphane Aulery
RES_IGNTC is implemented
rint.3
Matt Turner
Document that halfway cases are rounded to even
Per IEEE-754 rounding rules.
The round(3) page describes the behavior of rint and nearbyint
in the halfway cases by saying:
These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round
halfway cases away from zero [...], instead of to the
nearest even integer like rint(3)
sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify version info (mention rt_sigqueueinfo())
sigsetops.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc sigfillset() function excludes the two real-time
signals used by NPTL.
sigwait.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
The glibc sigwait() silently ignore attempts to wait for
signals used by NPTL.
strcoll.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The markings match glibc markings.
strdup.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
tzset.3
J William Piggott
Add 'std' quoting information
ulimit.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
wcstombs.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
wctob.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
The marking matches glibc marking.
xdr.3
Taisuke Yamada
Clarified incompatibility and correct usage of XDR API
See http://bugs.debian.org/628099
console_codes.4
Scot Doyle
Add Console Private CSI sequence 15
An undocumented escape sequence in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c brings the
previously accessed virtual terminal to the foreground.
mtk: Patch misattributed to Taisuke Yamada in Git commit
because of a muck up on my part.
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version number for CSI sequence 15
random.4
Michael Kerrisk
Fix permissions shown for the devices
These days, the devices are RW for everyone.
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk
Remove dubious claim about comparative performance of ext2
Perhaps it was the best filesystem performance-wise in
the 20th century, when that text was written. That probably
ceased to be true quite a long time ago, though.
Stéphane Aulery
Add cross references for ext filesystems
Stéphane Aulery
Specifies the scope of this list and its limits.
host.conf.5
hosts.5
resolv.conf.5
Stéphane Aulery [Paul E Condon]
Cross references of these pages.
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=298259
host.conf.5
Stéphane Aulery
Rework discussion of nospoof, spoofalert, spoof and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK
The keywords and environment variables "nospoof", "spoofalert",
"spoof" and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK were added to glibc 2.0.7 but
never implemented
Move descriptions to historical section and reorder it for clarity
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773443
hosts.5
Stéphane Aulery [Vincent Lefevre]
Mention 127.0.1.1 for FQDN and IPv6 examples
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=562890
proc.5
Taisuke Yamada
Document /proc/PID/status VmPin field
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1071746
Michael Kerrisk
Document (the obsolete) /proc/PID/seccomp
Michael Kerrisk
Replace description of 'uid_map' with a reference to user_namespaces(7)
All of the information in proc(5) was also present in
user_namespaces(7), but the latter was more detailed
and up to date.
Taisuke Yamada
Fix SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current example
Since the /proc/pid/attr API was added to the kernel, there
have been a couple of changes to the SELinux handling of
/proc/pid/attr/current. Fix the SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current
example text to reflect these changes and note which kernel
versions first included the changes.
securetty.5
Stéphane Aulery [Nicolas FRANCOIS]
Note that the pam_securetty module also uses this file
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528015
This patch is a modified version of the one proposed without
parts specific to Debian.
boot.7
Michael Witten
Copy edit
While a lot of the changes are issues of presentation,
there are also issues of grammar and punctuation.
Michael Witten
Mention `systemd(1)' and its related `bootup(7)'
It's important that the reader receive contemporary information.
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthreads(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to nptl(7)
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update discussion of _FORTIFY_SOURCE
Since the initial implementation a lot more checks were added.
Describe all the checks would be too verbose (and would soon
fall out of date as more checks are added). So instead, describe
the kinds of checks that are done more generally.
Also a few other minor edits to the text.
hier.7
Stéphane Aulery
First patch of a series to achieve compliance with FHS 2.3
Stéphane Aulery
SGML and XML directories are separated in FHS 2.3
Stéphane Aulery
Add missing directories defined by FHS 2.3
Stéphane Aulery
Identify which directories are optional
Stéphane Aulery
Document /initrd, /lost+found and /sys
Ubuntu Bug #70094 reported by Brian Beck
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/70094
Stéphane Aulery
Explain YP, which is not obvious
ipv6.7
Stéphane Aulery [David Madore]
SOL_IPV6 and other SOL_* options socket are not portable
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=472447
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk [Bill Pemberton]
Add indent(1) command that produces desired formatting for example code
Stéphane Aulery
Improve description of sections in accordance with intro pages
packet.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rework description of fanout algorithms as list
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of needing UID 0 to create packet socket
The existing text makes no sense. The check is based
purely on a capability check. (Kernel function
net/packet/af_packet.c::packet_create()
Michael Kerrisk
Remove text about ancient glibc not defining SOL_PACKET
This was fixed in glibc 2.1.1, which is a long while ago.
And in any case, there is nothing special about this case;
it's just one of those times when glibc lags.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework description of 'sockaddr_ll' fields as a list
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor edits
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add references to nptl(7)
raw.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rephrase "Linux 2.2" language to "Linux 2.2 or later"
The man page was written in the LInux 2.2 timeframe, and
some phrasing was not future-proof.
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note when Linux added realtime signals
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the range of realtime signals
Michael Kerrisk
Summarize 2.2 system call changes that resulted from larger signal sets
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nptl(7)
tcp.7
Peter Adkins
Document removal of TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE
Looking over the man page for 'tcp' I came across a reference to
tuning the 'TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE' parameter when increasing
'tcp_max_syn_backlog' above 1024. However, this static sizing was
removed back in Linux 2.6.20 in favor of dynamic scaling - as
part of commit 72a3effaf633bcae9034b7e176bdbd78d64a71db.
user_namespaces.7
Eric W. Biederman
Update the documentation to reflect the fixes for negative groups
Files with access permissions such as rwx---rwx give fewer
permissions to their group then they do to everyone else. Which
means dropping groups with setgroups(0, NULL) actually grants a
process privileges.
The unprivileged setting of gid_map turned out not to be safe
after this change. Privileged setting of gid_map can be
interpreted as meaning yes it is ok to drop groups. [ Eric
additionally noted: Setting of gid_map with privilege has been
clarified to mean that dropping groups is ok. This allows
existing programs that set gid_map with privilege to work
without changes. That is, newgidmap(1) continues to work
unchanged.]
To prevent this problem and future problems, user namespaces were
changed in such a way as to guarantee a user can not obtain
credentials without privilege that they could not obtain without
the help of user namespaces.
This meant testing the effective user ID and not the filesystem
user ID, as setresuid(2) and setregid(2) allow setting any process
UID or GID (except the supplementary groups) to the effective ID.
Furthermore, to preserve in some form the useful applications
that have been setting gid_map without privilege, the file
/proc/[pid]/setgroups was added to allow disabling setgroups(2).
With setgroups(2) permanently disabled in a user namespace, it
again becomes safe to allow writes to gid_map without privilege.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework some text describing permission rules for updating map files
No (intentional) change to the facts, but this restructuring
should make the meaning easier to grasp.
Michael Kerrisk
Update kernel version associated with 5-line limit for map files
As at Linux 3.18, the limit is still five lines, so mention the
more recent kernel version in the text.
Michael Kerrisk [Alban Crequy]
Handle /proc/PID/setgroups in the example program
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text describing restrictions on updating /proc/PID/setgroups
No (intentional) changes to factual description, but the
restructured text is hopefully easier to grasp.
Michael Kerrisk
Explain why the /proc/PID/setgroups file was added
ldconfig.8
Michael Kerrisk
Note use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Note the use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.83 ====================
Released: 2015-04-19, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andreas Baak <andreas.baak@gmail.com>
Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
cdlscpmv <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Dima Tisnek <dimaqq@gmail.com>
Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Fabien Pichot <fpichot@bouledef.eu>
Felix Sedlmeier <sedlmeier@gmx.de>
Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
Robin H. Johnson <robbat2@gentoo.org>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com>
YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <hideaki.yoshifuji@miraclelinux.com>
Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
posix_madvise.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting posix_madvise(3)
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize the page to give primacy to nftw()
nftw() is the better API, and POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() obsolete.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
getdents.2
Michael Kerrisk [Dima Tisnek]
Document getdents64()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14795
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk, Theodore Ts'o [Eric Sandeen, Andreas Dilger,
Omar Sandoval, Darrick J. Wong]
Document MS_LAZYTIME
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/fdinfo epoll format
Michael Kerrisk
Describe /proc/PID/fdinfo eventfd format
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/fdinfo signalfd format
New and changed links
---------------------
newfstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to fstatat64.2
prlimit64.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to getrlimit.2
Global changes
--------------
Various section 3 math pages
Michael Kerrisk
Note that these functions are also in POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
getent.1
Robin H. Johnson
Document options
The options to getent are now documented, after being around for
nearly a decade without changes.
Michael Kerrisk
Document help and version options
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix kernel version number for FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in 3.15, not 3.14.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that SMB3 added FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE support in Linux 3.17
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the underlying system call for prlimit() is prlimit64()
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" from prlimit() FTM requirements
"_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" is not needed to get the prlimit()
declaration.
ioctl_list.2
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
SIOCADDRT accepts in6_rtmsg in INET6 protocol
Heinrich Schuchardt
TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS
timerfd_create.2 mentions TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS. We should add it to
ioctl_list.2, too.
llseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
Advise reader to use lseek(2) instead
Michael Kerrisk
llseek() exists on 32-bit platforms to support seeking to large offsets
madvise.2
David Rientjes
Specify MADV_REMOVE returns EINVAL for hugetlbfs
madvise(2) actually returns with error EINVAL for MADV_REMOVE
when used for hugetlb VMAs, not EOPNOTSUPP, and this has been
the case since MADV_REMOVE was introduced in commit f6b3ec238d12
("madvise(MADV_REMOVE): remove pages from tmpfs shm backing
store"). Specify the exact behavior.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add posix_madvise(2)
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak]
SEE ALSO: add epoll(7)
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
pread.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier, Kees Cook]
Note that seccomp_data is read-only
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details on various "stat" versions
Three versions of "stat" appeared on 32-bit systems,
dealing with structures of different (increasing) sizes.
Explain some of the details, and also note that the
situation is simpler on modern 64-bit architectures.
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of newfstatat()
The underlying system call for fstatat() is newfstatat()
on some architectures.
symlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
ERRORS: add linkpath=="" case for ENOENT
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove prlimit()
There really is only the prlimit64() system call.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details about the "multiple versions of system calls"
The multiple-system-call-version phenomenon is particularly a
feature of older 32-bit platforms. Hint at that fact in the text.
timerfd_create.2
Cyrill Gorcunov [Michael Kerrisk]
Document TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS ioctl() operation
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details to C library/kernel ABI differences
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot]
Remove mention of "System V" from discussion of CLONE_NEWIPC
These days, CLONE_NEWIPC also affects POSIX message queues.
asprintf.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
carg.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
ccos.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
ccosh.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
cexp.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
clock.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that is thread-safe
clog.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
csin.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
csinh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
csqrt.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify description of what these functions calculate
ctan.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
ctanh.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
ctime.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: Clarify calling signature for execl() and execlp()
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak]
Correct prototype for execle()
Make the prototype shown into correct C.
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk [Felix Sedlmeier]
ftw() and nftw() differ for the non-stat-able symlink case
The POSIX specification of ftw() says that an un-stat-able
symlink may yield either FTW_NS or FTW_SL. The specification
of nftw() does not carry this statement.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008
Michael Kerrisk
Update POSIX version references in NOTES
getcwd.3
Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
Note behavior for unreachable current working directory
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENOMEM error
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Clarify that NO_ADDRESS and NO_DATA are synonyms
Michael Kerrisk
Add some detail for NO_DATA
Text consistent with POSIX and FreeBSD's gethostbyname() man page.
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
getnetent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
get_nprocs_conf.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getutent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
glob.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
insque.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
login.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
lseek64.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details with respect to 32-bit and 64-bit systems
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENOMEM error
mbsnrtowcs.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
mbsrtowcs.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
mq_notify.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
mq_open.3
Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot]
NOTES: explain differences from the underlying system call
The check for the slash at the start of a pathname is done in glibc
openpty.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
perror.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
posix_memalign.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
printf.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Walter Harms [Michael Kerrisk]
Simplify the example code
qsort.3
Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
alphasort() and versionsort() are not suitable for 'compar'
In glibc 2.10, the prototypes of alphasort() and versionsort()
were changed so that the arguments switched from 'const void *' to
'const struct dirent **', to match the POSIX.1-2008 specification
of alphasort(). As such, compiler warnings will result if
these functions are used as the arguments of qsort().
warning: passing argument 4 of 'qsort' from incompatible
pointer type
expected '__compar_fn_t' but argument is of type
'int (*)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **)'
Therefore, remove the ancient NOTES text suggesting that
alphasort() and versionsort() can be used as suitable
'compar' arguments for qsort().
realpath.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
Add ENOMEM error
scandir.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.10 changed the argument types for alphasort() and versionsort()
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
scanf.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
setnetgrent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
significand.3
Ma Shimiao
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
strcasecmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Clarify that strcasecmp() does a byte-wise comparison
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008
unlocked_stdio.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
updwtmp.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
wcrtomb.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
wcsnrtombs.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
wcsrtombs.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
wordexp.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
wprintf.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Describe "mnt_id" field of /proc/PID/fdinfo
Michael Kerrisk
Note that abstract sockets are included in /proc/net/unix
Michael Kerrisk
Update description /proc/sys/unix 'Type' field
The existing text was very crufty. UNIX domain sockets
support more than SOCK_STREAM for a _very_ long time now.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some detail to /proc/PID/timers
Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
Enhance discussion of /proc/PID/status 'VmSwap' field
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add poll(2) and select(2)
icmp.7
YOSHIFUJI Hideaki/吉藤英明
Document net.ipv4.ping_group_range knob
nptl.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to timer_create(2)
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.00 ====================
Released: 2015-05-07, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Advait Dixi <advaitdixit@hotmail.com>
Alain Kalker <a.c.kalker@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Andreas Heiduk <asheiduk@googlemail.com>
Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr>
Cameron Norman <camerontnorman@gmail.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Christophe Lohr <Christophe.Lohr@telecom-bretagne.eu>
Christopher Head <chead@chead.ca>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
David Wilcox <davidvsthegiant@gmail.com>
Denis Du <denisdu@ruggedcom.com>
Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
Filipe Brandenburger <filbranden@gmail.com>
Filipus Klutiero <chealer@gmail.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Frédéric Maria <frederic.maria@free.fr>
Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
Graham Shaw <gdshaw@riscpkg.org>
Gregor Jasny <igjasny@googlemail.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Guy Harris <guy@alum.mit.edu>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Ian Pilcher <arequipeno@gmail.com>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Jason Newton <nevion@gmail.com>
J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
Joern Heissler <contact@joern.heissler.de>
Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Joonas Salo <salo.joonas@gmail.com>
Jussi Lehtola <jussilehtola@fedoraproject.org>
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Laurence Gonsalves <laurence@xenomachina.com>
Magnus REFTEL <magnus.xm.reftel@stericsson.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Regid Ichira <regid23@nt1.in>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Steinar H. Gunderson <sgunderson@bigfoot.com>
Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net>
Tetsuo Handa <from-linux-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Thomas Hood <jdthood@gmail.com>
Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
Vasiliy Kulikov <segooon@gmail.com>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com>
Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
get_phys_pages.3
William Woodruff
Document get_phys_pages() and get_avphys_pages()
loop.4
Urs Thuermann, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting the loop device
xattr.7
Andreas Gruenbacher
Import attr(5) man page from the 'attr' project
After discussions with Andreas Gruenbacher, it makes sense to
move this page into man-pages, since it mostly relates to
kernel details. Since this is an overview page,
we'll move it to Section 7.
Michael Kerrisk
Rename page
"xattr" is a more meaningful name than "attr" (it resonates
with the names of the system calls), so as long as we are
moving the page to a new section, we'll change the name as well,
and retain an acl(5) link so that old references remain valid.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen]
Document MAP_HUGE_2MB, MAP_HUGE_1GB, and MAP_HUGE_SHIFT
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen]
Document SHM_HUGE_2MB, SHM_HUGE_1GB, and SHM_HUGE_SHIFT
resolver.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder]
Add descriptions of some other resolver functions
Add res_ninit(), res_nquery(), res_nsearch(),
and res_nquerydomain(), res_nmkquery(), res_nsend().
tty_ioctl.4
Frédéric Maria [Stephane Fillod, Andreas Heiduk]
Document TIOCMIWAIT and TIOCGICOUNT
Michael Kerrisk
Document TIOCGEXCL
Michael Kerrisk
Document TIOGCPKT
Michael Kerrisk
Document TIOCSPTLCK
Michael Kerrisk
Document TIOCGPTLCK
New and changed links
---------------------
CMSG_DATA.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to cmsg(3)
CMSG_LEN.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to cmsg(3)
dprintf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Convert to a link to printf.3
get_avphys_pages.3
William Woodruff
New link to new get_phys_pages.3 page
res_ninit.3
res_nmkquery.3
res_nquery.3
res_nquerydomain.3
res_nsearch.3
res_nsend.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to resolver(3) man page
loop-control.4
Michael Kerrisk
New link to loop.4
attr.5
Michael Kerrisk
New link to xattr(7)
Global changes
--------------
chown.2
execve.2
prctl.2
truncate.2
proc.5
capabilities.7
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Tighter wording: 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
For sticky, set-UID, and set-GID mode bits (as used in POSIX).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
add_key.2
keyctl.2
request_key.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add keyrings(7)
add_key.2
request_key.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add keyctl(3)
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
After EPOLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that signal mask treatment in epoll_pwait() is per-thread
s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum]
Note an F_SETSIG corner case
get_mempolicy.2, set_mempolicy
Brice Goglin
Policy is per thread, not per process
getxattr.2
listxattr.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust "attr(5)" references to "xattr(7)"
ioctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add console_ioctl(2) and tty_ioctl(2)
listxattr.2
xattr.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe listxattr(2) E2BIG error and document it as a BUG
mkdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
Wording fixes + point reader at stat(2) for explanation of file mode
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher]
Further tweaks to text on S_ISVTX and 'mode' argument
mknod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewordings + point reader at stat(2) for details of mode bits
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove text that implies that munmap() syncs MAP_SHARED mapping to file
The existing text in this page:
MAP_SHARED Share this mapping. Updates to the mapping
are visible to other processes that map this
file, and are carried through to the underly‐
ing file. The file may not actually be
updated until msync(2) or munmap() is called.
implies that munmap() will sync the mapping to the underlying
file. POSIX doesn't require this, and some light reading of the
code and some light testing (fsync() after munmap() of a large
file) also indicates that Linux doesn't do this.
msync.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text of DESCRIPTION
Rewrite the text somewhat, for easier comprehension.
No (intentional) changes to factual content
nfsservctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields]
Note that nfsservctl() was replaced by files in nfsd filesystem
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher]
open() honors the S_ISVTX, S_ISUID, and S_ISGID bits in 'mode'
Michael Kerrisk
Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
BUGS: O_CREAT | O_DIRECTORY succeeds if pathname does not exist
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ian Pilcher]
Clarify that signal mask treatment in ppoll() is per-thread
s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/
Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik]
After POLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clearer which bits are ignored in 'events'
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [David Wilcox, Filipe Brandenburger]
Note that "parent" for purposes of PR_SET_DEATHSIG is a *thread*
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43300
sendfile.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Newton]
Note that sendfile does not support O_APPEND for 'out_fd'
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=82841
Michael Kerrisk [Gregor Jasny]
RETURN VALUE: note the possibility of "short sends"
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97491
Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin]
Clarify text on 'out_fd' and regular files in Linux 2.4
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86001
shutdown.2
Michael Kerrisk [Stéphane Aulery]
BUGS: UNIX domain sockets now detect invalid 'how' values
Bug fixed in Linux 3.7.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer the reader to fcntl(2) F_SETSIG for further details on si_fd
stat.2
Jann Horn
Add note about stat() being racy
Andreas Gruenbacher
Improve description of some mode constants
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher]
Remove excessive leading zeros on some constants
Michael Kerrisk
Add text on POSIX terms "file mode bits" and "file permission bits"
Recent changes to various pages employ this distinction.
Michael Kerrisk
Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
According to POSIX, the 9 UGO*RWX bits are permissions, and
'mode' is used to refer to collectively to those bits plus sticky,
set-UID, and set_GID bits.
syslog.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add dmesg(1)
umask.2
open.2
mknod.2
mkdir.2
Andreas Gruenbacher
Explain what default ACLs do
Explain the effect that default ACLs have (instead of the umask)
in umask.2. Mention that default ACLs can have an affect in
open.2, mknod.2, and mkdir.2.
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Give the reader a hint that unshare() works on processes or threads
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59281
atexit.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
bsearch.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
cmsg.3
Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Head]
Fix error in SCM_RIGHTS code sample
Remove erroneous second initialization of msg.msg_controllen
in the example code for SCM_RIGHTS.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15952
CPU_SET.3
Chris Metcalf
Clarify language about "available" cpus
The CPU_SET.3 man page uses the adjective "available" when
explaining what the argument to CPU_SET() means. This is
confusing, since "available" isn't well-defined. The kernel
has a set of adjectives (possible, present, online, and active)
that qualify cpus, but normally none of these are what the
cpu_set_t bit index means: it's just "which cpu", using the
kernel's internal numbering system, even if that cpu isn't
possible or present.
This change removes the word "available" and adds a sentence
warning that cpu sets may not be contiguous due to dynamic
cpu hotplug, etc.
err.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
ftw.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
gethostbyname.3
Carlos O'Donell
NSS plugins searched first
Carlos O'Donell
"order" is obsolete
gethostid.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
getmntent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
get_nprocs_conf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Use exit() rather than return in main()
getopt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Guy Harris]
Remove crufty BUGS section
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90261
iconv_close.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
inet_ntop.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
longjmp.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
lsearch.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
mcheck.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
on_exit.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger]
Merge dprintf() and vdprintf() discussion into this page
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add puts(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Move return value discussion to proper RETURN VALUE section
putpwent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
qsort.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
regex.3
Michael Kerrisk [Laurence Gonsalves]
Fix error in description of 'cflags'
'cflags' is a bit mask of *zero* (not one) or more flags.
resolver.3
Stéphane Aulery
Add info about RES_INSECURE1 and RES_INSECURE2 option in debug mode
scanf.3
Joern Heissler
Improve description of %n specifier
setjmp.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
setlocale.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
setlogmask.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
sleep.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
strsignal.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
sysconf.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
undocumented.3
William Woodruff
Remove documented functions
tty_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk [Denis Du]
Fix error in code example
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Cameron Norman, Vasiliy Kulikov]
Document /proc mount options
Document the 'hidepid' and 'gid' mount options that were added in
Linux 3.3. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90641
Based on text by Vasiliy Kulikov in
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov]
Improve description of /proc/PID/status
Guillem Jover
Document /proc/PID/exe behaviour on unlinked pathnames
Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang]
Document /proc/PID/status VmPMD
resolv.conf.5
Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood]
Document use-vc option added to glibc 2.14
Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781
Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood]
Document RES_SNGLKUPREOP
Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781
tzfile.5
Sam Varshavchik
Add various details on version 2 format
aio.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add details and update URL for OLS 2003 paper on AIO
bootparam.7
Michael Kerrisk [Alain Kalker]
Update discussion of 'debug' option
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97161
Michael Kerrisk
Summary of multiple changes: remove cruft from this page.
Much of the detail on hardware specifics in this page dates
from the 20th century. (The last major update to this page was in
man-pages-1.14!) It's hugely out of date now (many of these
devices disappeared from the kernel years ago.) So, I've taken
a large scythe to the page to remove anything that looks
seriously dated. In the process, the page has shrunk to less
than 50% of its previous size.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "buff=" details
This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "Mouse drivers" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "General non-device-specific boot arguments" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "Hard disks" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "mem=" details
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty details on IBM MCA bus devices
Michael Kerrisk
Remove 'swap=" details
This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2,
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty floppy disk driver options
In the specific case of floppy drives: the drivers still
exist, but it's been a while since most of saw these devices
in the wild. So, just refer the reader to the kernel source
file for details. (The detail in this man page was after all
originally drawn from that file.)
Remove crufty "ISDN drivers" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "line printer driver" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "Serial port drivers" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty reference to CONFIG_BUGi386
That option disappeared in Linux 2.4.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty text
"bootsetups array" dates from Linux 2.0.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty "Video hardware" options
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty SCSI device driver options
fanotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates FAN_MODIFY events
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates IN_MODIFY events
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP determines its argument type
Michael Kerrisk [Jiri Pirko, Magnus REFTEL]
Clarify details of the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option
Michael Kerrisk [Advait Dixi]
Remove dubious text that says that SO_PRIORITY sets IP TOS
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35852
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate misplaced text describing ENOPROTOOPT error
packet.7
Graham Shaw
Add sll_protocol to list of required fields for outbound packets
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
Using thread IDs whose lifetime has expired gives undefined behavior
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53061
raw.7
Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
For incoming datagrams, sin_port is set to zero
Michael Kerrisk
Mention sendto(), recvfrom(), and so on when discussing address format
This gives the reader a little context for the following
discussion of 'sin_port'.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty reference to <netinet/in.h>
Michael Kerrisk
Replace reference to RFC 1700 with pointer to IANA protocol number list
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk [Steinar H. Gunderson]
Clarify that I/O operations on disks are not interrupted by signals
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97721
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Lohr]
Remove mention of UNIX_PATH_MAX
This kernel constant is not exposed to user space.
Michael Kerrisk
Note the 108 bytes for sun_path is how things are done on Linux
And refer the reader to NOTES for discussion of portability.
xattr.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document EA limits for Btrfs
Michael Kerrisk
Document VFS-imposed limits on EAs
VFS imposes a 255-byte limit on EA names, and a 64kB limit on
EA values.
Michael Kerrisk
The ext[234] block limitation applies to sum of all EAs
It is not a per-EA limit.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify permissions required to work with 'user' EAs
Michael Kerrisk
ext2 and ext3 no longer need mounting with 'user_xattr' for user EAs
Michael Kerrisk
Add various relevant pages to SEE ALSO
Michael Kerrisk
Add CONFORMING TO section
Michael Kerrisk
Modify headings to man-pages norms
Michael Kerrisk
Btrfs also supports extended attributes
Michael Kerrisk
File capabilities are implemented using *security* attributes
Not *system* attributes
Michael Kerrisk
Describe limit on EA values for JFS, XFS, and Reiserfs
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly mention some of the xattr system calls in DESCRIPTION
Naming the system calls helps to orient the reader
nscd.8
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of 'services' and 'netgroup' databases
This makes the page consistent with nscd.conf(5).
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.01 ====================
Released: 2015-07-23, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Arjun Shankar <arjun@redhat.com>
Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Ben Woodard <woodard@redhat.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christoph Thompson <cjsthompson@gmail.com>
Cortland Setlow <cortland.setlow@gmail.com>
Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
David Leppik <dleppik@vocalabs.com>
Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
Doug Klima <cardoe@gentoo.org>
Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Hack NDo <hackndo@gmail.com>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Jian Wen <wenjianhn@gmail.com>
Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Julian Orth <ju.orth@gmail.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Laszlo Ersek <lacos@caesar.elte.hu>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Mehdi Aqadjani Memar <m.aqadjanimemar@student.vu.nl>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Hayward <hayward@loup.net>
Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho <tuliom@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Uwe Kleine-König <uwe+debian@kleine-koenig.org>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
文剑 <wenjianhn@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
bpf.2
Alexei Starovoitov, Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann]
New page documenting bpf(2)
__ppc_get_timebase.3
Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho
New page documenting __ppc_get_timebase() and __ppc_get_timebase_freq()
Glibc 2.16 was released with a new function for the Power
architecture that can read its Time Base Register.
Glibc 2.17 adds a function to read the frequency at which the Time
Base Register of Power processors is updated.
queue.3
Michael Kerrisk [David Leppik, Doug Klima]
Reimport from latest FreeBSD page
Long ago, Doug Klima noted that many macros were not
documented in the queue(3) page. Fix by reimporting from
latest [1] FreeBSD man page.
[1] Revision 263142, Modified Fri Mar 14 03:07:51 2014 UTC
This also fixes https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1506
This time, I'll learn from past mistakes and not convert
from 'mdoc' to 'man' macros.
Michael Kerrisk
Use subsections in DESCRIPTION
Michael Kerrisk
Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent tree(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Use real hyphens in code samples
Michael Kerrisk
Comment out text for functions not in glibc
Michael Kerrisk
Replace HISTORY with CONFORMING TO
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szeredi]
Document RENAME_WHITEOUT
Heavily based on text by Miklos Szeredi.
New and changed links
---------------------
__ppc_get_timebase_freq.3
Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho
New link to new __ppc_get_timebase(3) page
LIST_EMPTY.3
LIST_FIRST.3
LIST_FOREACH.3
LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3
LIST_NEXT.3
SLIST_EMPTY.3
SLIST_ENTRY.3
SLIST_FIRST.3
SLIST_FOREACH.3
SLIST_HEAD.3
SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
SLIST_INIT.3
SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
SLIST_NEXT.3
SLIST_REMOVE.3
SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3
STAILQ_CONCAT.3
STAILQ_EMPTY.3
STAILQ_ENTRY.3
STAILQ_FIRST.3
STAILQ_FOREACH.3
STAILQ_HEAD.3
STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
STAILQ_INIT.3
STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
STAILQ_NEXT.3
STAILQ_REMOVE.3
STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3
TAILQ_CONCAT.3
TAILQ_EMPTY.3
TAILQ_FIRST.3
TAILQ_FOREACH.3
TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3
TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
TAILQ_LAST.3
TAILQ_NEXT.3
TAILQ_PREV.3
TAILQ_SWAP.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to queue.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings
The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in
the title. These subsections are about describing differences
between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
intro.1
Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
Drop intro paragraph on '$?' shell variable
As Andries notes, this piece of text is rather out of place in
a page that was intended to provide a tutorial introduction for
beginners logging in on a Linux system.
locale.1
Marko Myllynen
A minor output format clarification
A minor clarification for the locale output format which was
brought up at
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516.
For reference, see
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/locale.html
Add CONFORMING TO section
capget.2
Julian Orth
Clarify that hdrp->pid==0 is equivalent gettid() not getpid()
chroot.2
Jann Horn
chroot() is not intended for security; document attack
It is unfortunate that this discourages this use of chroot(2)
without pointing out alternative solutions - for example,
OpenSSH and vsftpd both still rely on chroot(2) for security.
Bind mounts should theoretically be usable as a replacement, but
currently, they have a similar problem (CVE-2015-2925) that hasn't
been fixed in ~6 months, so I'd rather not add it to the manpage
as a solution before a fix lands.
clock_getres.2
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
eventfd.2
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Elaborate on envp/argv as NULL behavior
_exit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Open stdio frames are not flushed, temporary files are deleted
Many years ago, text was added to the page saying that it is
implementation-dependent whether stdio streams are flushed and
whether temporary are removed. In part, this change appears to
be because POSIX.1-2001 added text related to this point.
However, that seems to have been an error in POSIX, and the
text was subsequently removed for POSIX.1-2008. See
https://collaboration.opengroup.org/austin/interps/documents/9984/AI-085.txt
Austin Group Interpretation reference 1003.1-2001 #085
fallocate.2
Namjae Jeon [Michael Kerrisk]
Document FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 4.2, ext4 supports FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
OFD locks are proposed for inclusion in the next POSIX revision
getrlimit.2
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getrusage.2
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
gettid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that for a thread group leader, gettid() == getpid()
iopl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some historical libc5 and glibc 1 details
These details are ancient, and long ago ceased to be relevant.
ioprio_set.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
Document meaning of ioprio==0
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mehdi Aqadjani Memar]
Document another ENOMEM error case
ENOMEM can occur if locking/unlocking in the middle of a region
would increase the number of VMAs beyond the system limit (64k).
mmap.2
Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson]
Clarify MAP_POPULATE
David Rientjes has noticed that MAP_POPULATE wording might promise
much more than the kernel actually provides and intends to provide.
The primary usage of the flag is to pre-fault the range. There is
no guarantee that no major faults will happen later on. The pages
might have been reclaimed by the time the process tries to access
them.
Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson]
Clarify MAP_LOCKED semantics
MAP_LOCKED had a subtly different semantic from mmap(2)+mlock(2)
since it has been introduced.
mlock(2) fails if the memory range cannot get populated to
guarantee that no future major faults will happen on the range.
mmap(MAP_LOCKED) on the other hand silently succeeds even if
the range was populated only partially.
Fixing this subtle difference in the kernel is rather awkward
because the memory population happens after mm locks have been
dropped and so the cleanup before returning failure (munlock)
could operate on something else than the originally mapped area.
E.g. speculative userspace page fault handler catching SEGV and
doing mmap(fault_addr, MAP_FIXED|MAP_LOCKED) might discard portion
of a racing mmap and lead to lost data. Although it is not clear
whether such a usage would be valid, mmap page doesn't explicitly
describe requirements for threaded applications so we cannot
exclude this possibility.
This patch makes the semantic of MAP_LOCKED explicit and suggests
using mmap + mlock as the only way to guarantee no later major
page faults.
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: point out that ENOMEM can occur even for munmap()
mprotect.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note ENOMEM error that can occur when we reach limit on maximum VMAs
open.2
read.2
write.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Hayward]
Clarify that O_NONBLOCK is a no-op for regular files and block devices
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver [Joerg Roedel]
Exclude_host/exclude_guest clarification
This patch relates to the exclude_host and exclude_guest bits added
by the following commit:
exclude_host, exclude_guest; Linux 3.2
commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799
Author: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Date: Wed Oct 5 14:01:16 2011 +0200
perf, core: Introduce attrs to count in either host or guest mode
The updated manpage text clarifies that the "exclude_host" and
"exclude_guest" perf_event_open() attr bits only apply in the
context of a KVM environment and are currently x86 only.
Vince Weaver
Document PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR
This patch relates to the addition of PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR
support added in the following commit:
perf_sample_regs_intr; Linux 3.19
commit 60e2364e60e86e81bc6377f49779779e6120977f
Author: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
perf: Add ability to sample machine state on interrupt
The primary difference between PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR and the
existing PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER is that the new support will
return kernel register values. Also if precise_ip is
set higher than 0 then the PEBS register state will be returned
rather than the saved interrupt state.
This patch incorporates feedback from Stephane Eranian and
Andi Kleen.
prctl.2
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT disallows exit_group(2)
These days, glibc implements _exit() as a wrapper around
exit_group(2). (When seccomp was originally introduced, this was
not the case.) Give the reader a clue that, despite what glibc is
doing, what SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT permits is the true _exit(2)
system call, and not exit_group(2).
pread.2
read.2
readv.2
sendfile.2
write.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that Linux limits transfers to a maximum of 0x7ffff000 bytes
See https://bugs.debian.org/629994 and
https://bugs.debian.org/630029.
pread.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite RETURN VALUE section
(Also drop the text on pwrite() returning zero; that seems bogus.)
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum]
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT clarification
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove BUGS heading
The text on mixing I/O syscalls and stdio is a general point
of behavior. It's not a bug as such.
recv.2
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain some subtleties of MSG_DONTWAIT versus O_NONBLOCK
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk
Note that RENAME_NOREPLACE can't be employed with RENAME_EXCHANGE
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Explain how to deal with 1024-CPU limitation of glibc's cpu_set_t type
Michael Kerrisk
Mention the use of the 'isolcpus' kernel boot option
sched_setattr.2
Julian Orth
Remove a const attribute
The attr argument of sched_setattr was documented as const but the
kernel will modify the size field of this struct if it contains an
invalid value. See the documentation of the size field for details.
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bpf(2)
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Expand on subtleties of MSG_NOSIGNAL versus ignoring SIGPIPE
sigaltstack.2
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
socket.2
Stephan Mueller
Update documentation reference for AF_ALG
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: ftruncate() can fail if the file descriptor is not writable
utimensat.2
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
After research, We think utimensat() and futimens() are thread-safe.
But, there are not markings of utimensat() and futimens() in glibc
document.
clearenv.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
dl_iterate_phdr.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
error.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
fexecve.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
fpurge.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
fread.3
Andries E. Brouwer
Clarify terminology
In the "RETURN VALUE" section the word item is in italics
as if it were one of the function parameters. But the word
"item" occurs here for the first time, earlier the text
uses "element". [Patch improves this.]
fts.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
getaddrinfo.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getaddrinfo_a.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getauxval.3
Michael Kerrisk
File capabilities also trigger AT_SECURE
Michael Kerrisk
(Briefly) document AT_HWCAP2
getgrent_r.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk [Laszlo Ersek]
Remove mention of IPv6 addresses, which are not supported
As reported by Laszlo Ersek:
gethostbyname(3) fails to resolve the IPv6 address "::1",
but the manual page says: "If name is an IPv4 or IPv6 address,
no lookup is performed and gethostbyname() simply copies name
into the h_name field [...]".
Debian bug report:
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455762
glibc bug report:
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5479
SUSv3 link for gethostbyname(3):
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostbyname.html
It seems that the glibc behavior is conformant, and the manual
page is in error.
getifaddrs.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getnameinfo.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
getnetent_r.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getprotoent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
getprotoent_r.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getpw.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
getpwent_r.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
getrpcent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
getrpcent_r.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
getrpcport.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
getservent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
getservent_r.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
gsignal.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
key_setsecret.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
malloc_get_state.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
malloc_info.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
malloc_stats.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
malloc_trim.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
MB_LEN_MAX.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify meaning of MB_LEN_MAX
Michael Kerrisk [Pádraig Brady]
MB_LEN_MAX is 16 in modern glibc versions
memcpy.3
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: describe the glibc 2.13 changes that revealed buggy applications
Adding a note on this point seems worthwhile as a way of
emphasizing the point that the buffers must not overlap.
mq_notify.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
perror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Some wording improvements and clarifications
profil.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
psignal.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
pthread_attr_init.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Use "%zd" for printing size_t in example code
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
pthread_cancel.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
pthread_cleanup_push.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
pthread_create.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
pthread_detach.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
pthread_getattr_np.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
pthread_join.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
pthread_setname_np.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
putgrent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
rcmd.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
resolver.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
rpc.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
rpmatch.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
sem_close.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
sem_open.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
setaliasent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
setlocale.3
Marko Myllynen
Update CONFORMING TO
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html
setlocale.3
Marko Myllynen
Tweak C/POSIX locale portability description
As discussed earlier, the current description might be a little
bit too stringent, let's avoid the issue by describing the
portability aspect on a slightly higher level.
References:
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap06.html
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html
shm_open.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
strfmon.3
Marko Myllynen
Document strfmon_l(3)
Describe strfmon_l(3).
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html
Marko Myllynen
Fix CONFORMING TO
AFAICS strfmon(3) is now defined in POSIX and the glibc
implementation is as specified there.
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html
Marko Myllynen
Rewrite the example
I think the example is more accurate when we use the exact
locale names and also the Euro sign where appropriate.
xcrypt.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
xdr.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
console_codes.4
Scot Doyle [Pavel Machek, Michael Kerrisk]
Add CSI sequence for cursor blink interval
Add a Console Private CSI sequence to specify the current
console's cursor blink interval. The interval is specified
as a number of milliseconds until the next cursor display
state toggle, from 50 to 65535.
null.4
Michael Kerrisk
Note that reads from /dev/zero are interruptible since Linux 2.6.31
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Mention 'coredump_filter' boot option
host.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Wording fix: s/resolv+/the resolver library/
The term "resolv+" seems to be historical cruft.
hosts.equiv.5
Carlos O'Donell
Fix format, clarify IdM needs, and provide examples.
In some recent work with a Red Hat customer I had the opportunity
to discuss the fine nuances of the ruserok() function and related
API which are used to implement rlogin and rsh.
It came to my attention after working with QE on some automated
internal testing that there were no good examples in the hosts.equiv
manual page showing how the format was supposed to work for this
file and for ~/.rhosts, worse the "format" line showed that there
should be spaces between arguments when that would clearly lead
to incorrect behaviour. In addition some things that the format
allows you to write are just wrong like "-host -user" which makes
no sense since the host is already rejected, and should be written
as "host -user" instead. I added notes in the example to make it
clear that "-host -user" is invalid.
I fixed three things:
(a) The format line.
- Either +, or [-]hostname, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp.
- Either +, or [-]username, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp.
- You must specify something in the hostname portion so remove
optional brackets.
(b) Clarify language around credentials
- If the host is not trusted you must provide credentials to
the login system and that could be anything really and it
depends on your configuration e.g. PAM or whatever IdM you have.
(c) Provide real-world examples
- Provide several real world examples and some corner case
examples for how you would write something. Hopefully others
can add examples as they see fit.
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, Arjun Shankar]
Improve explanation in EXAMPLE
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Document map to_inpunct, map to_outpunct
See e.g. fa_IR for reference.
Marko Myllynen
Document class in LC_CTYPE
See e.g. the locale zh_CN and
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans
Marko Myllynen
Add iconv(1) reference
Marko Myllynen
Document character transliteration
See e.g. da_DK for reference.
(Not sure should we actually provide an example here?)
Marko Myllynen
Document era keywords
This patch completes the LC_TIME section - since these era
keywords are so tightly coupled, I'm providing them as a
single patch.
Based on
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
Marko Myllynen
Document default_missing
Marko Myllynen
Document outdigit and alt_digits
See e.g. fa_IR for reference.
Marko Myllynen
Refer to locale(7) more prominently
It's probably a good idea to refer to locale(7) so that a reader
can check what a category is about before describing them in
detail.
Marko Myllynen
Document charclass and charconv
See e.g. the locales ja_JP and ko_KR and
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans
Marko Myllynen
Copy is not exclusive in LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE
See e.g. da_DK for reference.
Marko Myllynen
Remove the FIXME for timezone
The timezone of LC_TIME is not in POSIX, only 6 (out of ~300)
glibc locales define it, the glibc code comment below from
glibc.git/programs/ld-time.c seems to suggest it's not a good
idea, and there's been a proposal in upstream [1] to remove the
existing timezone definitions from glibc locales so I think
it's actually better to leave this one undocumented:
/* XXX We don't perform any tests on the timezone value since this is
simply useless, stupid $&$!@... */
1) https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-06/msg00098.html
Move the remaining LC_COLLATE FIXMEs together while at it.
Marko Myllynen
Fix country_isbn format
Both plain numbers and Unicode code points are used in
glibc locales but checking the code reveals that country_isbn
is handled like the rest of its category expect for country_num
which was clarified earlier.
Marko Myllynen
Sort according to the standard
Sort the options so that those defined in POSIX are listed first,
then followed by those defined in ISO/IEC TR 14652 in the order
of common convention in many widely used glibc locales.
Actual descriptions are unchanged.
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html
Marko Myllynen
Refer to strftime(3) where appropriate
The relationship between the locale time format syntax
and strftime() cannot be considered as obvious.
Marko Myllynen
Document map "totitle"
See e.g. locales/i18n for reference.
Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
Remove BUGS section saying man page is not complete
To some degree, this is true of many pages. And anyway, this
page is much better after recent work by Marko.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
List /proc/vmstat fields
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak /proc/vmstat text
Michael Kerrisk
Add /proc/crypto entry with a pointer to further information
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Document /proc/sys/kernel/sysctl_writes_strict
Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Move misordered /proc/[pid]/timers entry
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to bpf(2) for explanation of /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable
repertoiremap.5
Marko Myllynen
Symbolic names AKA mnemonics
A long time ago in glibc, repertoire maps were used (but they
were removed already in 2000), those mapping files were named
as mnemonics, so "mnemonic" is a term that would almost
certainly come up if somebody studies glibc side (perhaps even
the related standards like ISO 9945 [which I don't have access
to]) so I thought it's worth to mention to term in the man page
to make sure we're talking about the same thing, otherwise
someone might wonder is that something different or not.
IOW, symbolic names and mnemonics are often used interchangeably,
let's mention the other often used term in the page, too.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows calling bpf(2)
locale.7
Marko Myllynen
LC_CTYPE determines transliteration rules on glibc systems
packet.7
文剑 [Cortland Setlow]
Fix description of binding a packet socket to an interface
pty.7
NeilBrown [Peter Hurley]
Clarify asynchronous nature of PTY I/O
A PTY is not like a pipe - there may be delayed between data
being written at one end and it being available at the other.
This became particularly apparent after
commit f95499c3030f
("n_tty: Don't wait for buffer work in read() loop")
in Linux 3.12
See also the mail thread at https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/1/35
Date Mon, 04 May 2015 12:32:04 -0400
From Peter Hurley <>
Subject Re: [PATCH bisected regression] input_available_p()
sometimes says 'no' when it should say 'yes'
rtld-audit.7
Ben Woodard
Use correct printf() specifier for pointer types
In the example code you used %x rather than %p in the example
code for an audit library. The problem is that it truncates the
pointers on 64b platforms. So you get something like:
la_symbind64(): symname = strrchr sym->st_value = 0x7f4b8a3f8960
ndx = 222 flags = 0x0 refcook = 8b53e5c8 defcook = 8b537e30
rather than:
la_symbind64(): symname = fclose sym->st_value = 0x7fa452dd49b0
ndx = 1135 flags = 0x0 refcook = 0x7fa453f395c8 defcook = 0x7fa453f32e30
This has bitten me a handful of times when playing around with
audit test libraries to investigate its behavior.
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient, wildly optimistic prediction about future of RT patches
It seems the patches were not merged by 2.6.30...
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bpf(2)
vdso.7
Nathan Lynch [Mike Frysinger]
Update for ARM
The 32-bit ARM architecture in Linux has gained a vDSO as of the
4.1 release. (I was the primary author.)
Document the symbols exported by the ARM VDSO.
Accepted kernel submission:
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-arm-kernel/2015-March/332573.html
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.02 ====================
Released: 2015-08-08, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
Goswin von Brederlow <goswin-v-b@web.de>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jonathan David Amery <jdamery@ysolde.ucam.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Nicholas Miell <nmiell@gmail.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Yaarit <yaarit@gmail.com>
Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
dladdr.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting dladdr() and dladdr1()
Relocate/rewrite dladdr() text formerly contained in dlopen(3).
Add documentation of dladdr1().
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
dlerror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Migrate dlerror(3) to new separate man page
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the returned message may be in a statically allocated buffer
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the returned string does not include a trailing newline
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
dlinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing dlinfo(3)
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
This page was substantially rewritten and enhanced. Notably:
* the dladdr(), dlsym, dlvsym(), and dlerror() content were moved
to separate new pages;
* documentation for dlmopen was added;
* and other changes as noted below.
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Michael Kerrisk
Move atexit() discussion under "Initialization and Finalization"
Michael Kerrisk
Move discussion of _init() and _fini() to NOTES
Michael Kerrisk
Rework the discussion of initialization and finalization functions
Deemphasize the obsolete _init/_fini and give more prominence
to gcc constructors/destructors.
Michael Kerrisk
dlclose() will unload the object when all references have been released
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: Remove mention of "-rdynamic"
That option isn't needed for compiling and running this program.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove reference to ld.so info page
The command "info ld.so" simply shows the man page...
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize conformance information for 'flags'
dlsysm.3
Michael Kerrisk
Move dlsym() and dlvsym() content to new separate page
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk, Carlos O'Donell
Document dlmopen(3)
nl_langinfo.3
Sam Varshavchik, Michael Kerrisk
Add documentation for nl_langinfo_l(3)
__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions (__ppc_set_ppr_low(3),
__ppc_set_ppr_med(3), __ppc_set_ppr_med_low(3)) that provide
access to the Program Priority Register (PPR).
__ppc_yield.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
Document PPC performance-hint functions
GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions __ppc_yield(3), __ppc_mdoio(3),
and __ppc_mdoom(3) that can be used provide a hint that
performance could be improved if shared resources are released
for use by other processors.
New and changed links
---------------------
dladdr1.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to (new) dladdr(3) page
dlmopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to dlopen.3
dlvsym.3
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust link to point to new self-contained dlsym(3) page
nl_langinfo_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to nl_langinfo.3
__ppc_mdoio.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
New link to __ppc_yield.3
__ppc_mdoom.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
New link to __ppc_yield.3
__ppc_set_ppr_low.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
__ppc_set_ppr_med_low.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
Global changes
--------------
Very many pages
Michael Kerrisk
Update CONFORMING TO section to reflect POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
details. (By now, I believe all pages should be up to date with
respect to appropriately mentioning POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.)
ldd.1
sprof.1
execve.2
dlopen.3
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Prefer "shared object" over "shared library"
The man pages variously use "shared library" or "shared object".
Try to more consistently use one term ("shared object"), while
also pointing out on a few pages that the terms are synonymous.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of POSIX.1-2008 regarding EAGAIN vs EWOULDBLOCK
bpf.2
Daniel Borkmann
Various updates/follow-ups to address some fixmes
A couple of follow-ups to the bpf(2) man-page, besides others:
* Description of map data types
* Explanation on eBPF tail calls and program arrays
* Paragraph on tc holding ref of the eBPF program in the kernel
* Updated ASCII image with tc ingress and egress invocations
* __sync_fetch_and_add() and example usage mentioned on arrays
* minor reword on the licensing and other minor fixups
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reword text on POSIX and #!
io_getevents.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note return value on interruption by a signal handler
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details of return value for timeout-expired case
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify and extend discussion of 'timeout' argument
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'length' need not be a page-size multiple for munmap()
Michael Kerrisk [David Rientjes, David Rientjes, Mike Kravetz]
Describe mmap()/munmap() argument requirements for huge-page mappings
Michael Kerrisk
Move discussion of timestamps to NOTES
A straight move; no changes to the content.
This content is better placed in NOTES.
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: mention libseccomp pages
SEE ALSO: add scmp_sys_resolver(1)
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the list of flags that were added in POSIX.1-2001
socketpair.2
Michael Kerrisk [Goswin von Brederlow]
Clarify use of SOCK_* flags in 'type' argument
See http://bugs.debian.org/794217
atexit.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3)
clock_getcpuclockid.3
Michael Kerrisk
Improve wording of EPERM error
It's imprecise to say that this is an "optional" error
in POSIX.1.
dl_iterate_phdr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'size' allows callback() to discover structure extensions
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add dladdr(3)
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that this function appears on some other systems
fseeko.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty NOTES section
This ancient System V detail is unneeded.
getutent.3
Michael Kerrisk
Mention POSIX.1-2008 for the "utmpx" functions
iconv_close.3
iconv_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: change "UNIX98" to "SUSv2"
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Change "UNIX 98" to "SUSv2"
mktemp.3
Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy
Reference mkdtemp(3) in addition to mkstemp(3)
Mention mkdtemp(3) as another secure alternative to mktemp(3).
See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2898.
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify discussion of 'timeout'
In particular, remove the word 'ceiling', which falsely
suggests that the call might return prematurely.
nl_langinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly describe the return value on success
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX specifies that the caller may not modify the returned string
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance RETURN VALUE description
Note some further cases where returned string may be
invalidated or overwritten.
perror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat CONFORMING to information
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'sys_errlist' and 'sys_nerr' are not in POSIX.1
posix_openpt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reword text regarding systems that don't have posix_openpt()
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: update details for dprintf() and vdprintf()
setlogmask.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove useless statement in CONFORMING TO
Saying that the description in PSOX.1-2001 is flawed,
without saying what the fla is, is not helpful.
(And no, I don't know what the flaw is.)
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add POSIX.1-2008 details regarding group ID of new shared memory object
strfmon.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix erroneous CONFORMING to
strfmon() is in POSIX.1.
fanotify.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
Clarify effects of file moves
If files or directories are moved to other mounts, the inode is
deleted. Fanotify marks are lost.
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
nptl.7
Michael Kerrisk [Nicholas Miell]
Note that i386 and x86-64 binaries can't share mutexes
sched.7
Nikola Forró
Fix descriptions of sched_get_priority_max() / sched_get_priority_min()
sem_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
shm_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
sigevent.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
symlink.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update with POSIX.1-2008 details for link(2)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan David Amery]
Items in LD_LIBRARY_PATH can also be delimited by semicolons
See http://bugs.debian.org/794559.
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.03 ====================
Released: 2015-12-05, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Casper Ti. Vector <caspervector@gmail.com>
Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Johannes Stüttgen <Johannes.Stuettgen@gmail.com>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Maria Guseva <m.guseva@samsung.com>
Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Meikun Wang <alikewmk@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Olivier TARTROU <olivier.tartrou@gmail.com>
Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
Tycho Andersen <tycho.andersen@canonical.com>
Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
4.1 adds AUX sample support
Vince Weaver
4.1 data_offset and data_size fields
Vince Weaver [Alexander Shishkin]
Document aux_{head,tail,offset,size} support
Vince Weaver
4.0 update rdpmc documentation
Vince Weaver
4.1 adds PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START
Vince Weaver
Document 4.1 clockid support
Vince Weaver [Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu]
4.1 PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF support
Vince Weaver
4.1 adds AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE support
Vince Weaver
4.1 PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK
Vince Weaver
4.1 adds aux_watermark
Vince Weaver
Add possibility of EBUSY error
prctl.2
Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
Document operations for ambient capabilities
Michael Kerrisk
Rework PR_CAP_AMBIENT text
Note that arg4 and arg5 must be zero for CAP_AMBIENT
RETURN VALUE: Add PR_CAP_AMBIENT + PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET case
ERRORS: document PR_CAP_AMBIENT error cases
__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
GNU C Library commit 1747fcda4902a3b46183d93fb16ed9b436b2608b
extends the priorities that can be set to the Program Priority
Register (PPR), with the functions: __ppc_set_ppr_very_low(3)
and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high(3).
capabilities.7
Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
Document ambient capabilities
Michael Kerrisk
Various additions and reworkings for ambient capability text
New and changed links
---------------------
__ppc_set_ppr_med_high.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
__ppc_set_ppr_very_low.3
Gabriel F. T. Gomes
New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
mremap.2
Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko]
Add note about mremap() with locked areas
When mremap() is used to move or expand a mapping that is locked
with mlock() or equivalent it will attempt to populate the new
area. However, like mmap(MAP_LOCKED), mremap() will not fail if
the area cannot be populated. Also like mmap(MAP_LOCKED) this
might come as a surprise to users and should be noted.
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [David Drysdale]
Remove accidental mention of O_TTY_INIT
An earlier edit mentioned O_TTY_INIT as a file creation flag.
That's true, according POSIX, but Linux does not implement
this flag, so remove mention of it.
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder options alphabetically
Employ a pseudo-alphabetical order, ordering options after removal
of any "PR_", "PR_SET_", or "PR_GET" prefix.
Michael Kerrisk
Fix alphabetical misplacements in ERRORS
ptrace.2
Tycho Andersen
Document PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP flag
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
Michael Kerrisk
Note that PTRACE_ATTACH cannot be applied to nondumpable processes
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add prctl(2)
reboot.2
Casper Ti. Vector
1-argument reboot() is also provided by alternative libc
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe use of 'instruction_pointer' data field
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Note why all filters in a set are executed even after SECCOMP_RET_KILL
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe semantics with respect to SCM_RIGHTS
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mlock(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add userfaultfd()
daemon.3
Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Stüttgen]
Note that daemon() is buggy with respect to controlling tty acquisition
dirfd.3
Jonathan Wakely
Remove outdated NOTES
As stated in the SYNOPSIS, since glibc 2.10 this function is also
declared by the relevant X/Open and POSIX macros.
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Make it more explicit that LD_BIND_NOW overrides RTLD_LAZY
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Correct the pathname used in EXAMPLE
Quoting Florian:
This does not work because libm.so can be a linker script:
handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY);
The proper way to do this is to include <gnu/lib-names.h>
and use LIBM_SO.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108821
Michael Kerrisk
Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
Michael Kerrisk
Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
fgetgrent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
fgetpwent.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
getauxval.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details for AT_SECURE
getspnam.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
mallinfo.3
Zeng Linggang
ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
mallopt.3
Carlos O'Donell
Document M_ARENA_TEST and M_ARENA_MAX
posix_fallocate.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify text relating to MT-safety
Carlos O'Donell
Mention glibc emulation caveats
termios.3
Olivier TARTROU
Add missing details on behaviour of PARMRK
For a serial terminal, with a specific configuration, input bytes
with value 0377 are passed to the program as two bytes, 0377 0377.
tty_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
Note that TIOCTTYGSTRUCT went away in Linux 2.5.67
core.5
Ross Zwisler
Add info about DAX coredump filtering flags
Kernel 4.4 added two new core dump filtering flags,
MMF_DUMP_DAX_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_DAX_SHARED.
These flags allow us to explicitly filter DAX mappings.
This is desirable because DAX mappings, like hugetlb
mappings, have the potential to be very large.
nsswitch.conf.5
Nikola Forró
Add list of files being read when "files" service is used
This is not mentioned anywhere. Users can assume that the file
being read is something like /etc/$DATABASE, but that's not
always the case. It's better to explicitly specify which
file is read for each respective database. The list of
files was acquired from glibc source code.
proc.5
Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
Add details for threads-max
Add detail information for threads-max.
The checks for minimum and maximum values exist since kernel 4.1.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/15/96
Heinrich Schuchardt
/proc/sys: Describe whitespace characters
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'CapAmb' in /proc/PID/status
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to ptrace(2) for /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
aio.7
Michael Kerrisk [Meikun Wang]
Add missing include file, <fcntl.h>, to example program
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken]
Document QSIZE bug that appeared in 3.5 and was fixed in 4.2
path_resolution.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify recursive resolution of symlinks and note limits
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
rtld-audit.7
Namhyung Kim
Fix (typo) error in la_pltenter() description
s/la_pltenter()/la_pltexit()/
la_pltenter() is called regardless of the value of
framesizep but la_pltexit() is called only if la_pltenter()
returns with non-zero framesizep set. I spent long time to
figure out why la_pltexit() is not called at all.
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk [Michael Hocko]
Note async-signal-safe functions added by POSIX.1-2008 TC1
tcp.7
Daniel Borkmann [Michael Kerrisk]
Improve paragraphs on tcp_ecn and add tcp_ecn_fallback bullet
Improve description of tcp_ecn, fix the RFC number and it's
not a boolean anymore since long time, and add a description
for tcp_ecn_fallback.
See also kernel doc under Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
on tcp_ecn and tcp_ecn_fallback.
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
LD_POINTER_GUARD has been removed in glibc 2.23
Michael Kerrisk
Describe secure-execution mode
Michael Kerrisk [Maria Guseva]
Replace mentions of set-UID/set-GID programs with secure-execution mode
Inspired by a patch from Maria Guseva.
Maria Guseva [Silvan Jegen]
LD_DEBUG is effective in secure-execution mode if /etc/suid-debug exists
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.04 ====================
Released: 2015-12-29, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Archie Cobbs <archie.cobbs@gmail.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Colin Rice <colin@daedrum.net>
Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Phil Blundell <pb@pbcl.net>
Richard Voigt <richardvoigt@gmail.com>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk, Thomas Gleixner, Torvald Riegel [Davidlohr Bueso, Heinrich Schuchardt, Darren Hart, Rusty Russell, Pavel Machek, Rich Felker]
Rewrite and massively expand page
membarrier.2
Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting membarrier() system call
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
mlock.2
Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko, Vlastimil Babka, Michael Kerrisk]
Document mlock2(2) and MCL_ONFAULT
New and changed links
---------------------
mlock2.2
Eric B Munson
New link to mlock.2
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: standardize text for EMFILE error
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: standardize error text for ENOTSOCK error
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: standardize text for ENFILE error
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add another EMFILE error case
fanotify_init.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Child of MT-process is restricted to async-signal-safe functions
getcpu.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk [Lennart Poettering]
The init of measurement for RLIMIT_RSS is bytes, not pages
get_robust_list.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reword EINVAL error text
gettimeofday.2
Carlos O'Donell
Expand on the historical meaning of tz_dsttime
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
inotify_init.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
personality.2
Dmitry V. Levin
Note kernel and glibc versions that introduced this system call
poll.2
Richard Voigt
timeout_ts is a pointer, so use -> not . for member access
Michael Kerrisk
Shorten name of timeout argument for ppoll()
The name is overly long, and does not hint at the fact
that this argument is a pointer. Fix this by renaming:
s/timeout_ts/tmo_p/
sendfile.2
Laurent Georget
Document more ERRORS
sigreturn.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
socketcall.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 4.3, x86-32 provides direct system calls for the sockets API
time.2
Zack Weinberg
Explain why the glibc time() wrapper never sets 'errno'
Michael Kerrisk [H.J. Lu]
Where time() is provided by vDSO, an invalid address may give SIGSEGV
Michael Kerrisk [Paul Eggert]
Describe EOVERFLOW details
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Rename 't' argument to 'tloc'
dlerror.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Clarify that the string returned by dlerror() is null terminated
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
Michael Kerrisk
Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
drand48.3
Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
Correct descriptions of ranges returned by these functions
See http://bugs.debian.org/803459
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note probable cause of ENFILE error
fnmatch.3
Pádraig Brady
Describe the FNM_EXTMATCH flag and pattern syntax
iconv.3
Andries E. Brouwer
NOTES: describe correct usage for flushing partially buffered input
random_r.3
Michael Kerrisk [Archie Cobbs]
Clarify need to use initstate_r()
tzset.3
Carlos O'Donell
Clarify "daylight" and remove erroneous note
random.4
Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
Rework example scripts to assume 'poolsize' unit is bits, not bytes
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
Use modern command substitution syntax in shell session log
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Reaching /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit normally produces an ENFILE error
futex.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
SEE ALSO updates
Michael Kerrisk
Note some other locking primitives that are built with futexes
Heinrich Schuchardt
NPTL, avoid abbreviation
Michael Kerrisk
Note that a futex is 4 bytes on all platforms
vdso.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add note on strace(1) and vDSO
ld.so.8
H.J. Lu [Michael Kerrisk]
Document LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify setting of LD_BIND_NOT
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify setting of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify setting of LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify some details for LD_SHOW_AUXV
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.05 ====================
Released: 2016-03-15, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com>
Alan Aversa <alan.aversa@cox.net>
Alan Cox <etchedpixels@gmail.com>
Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
Bill O. Gallmeister <bgallmeister@gmail.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Chris Pick <kernel@chrispick.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Gabriel Corona <gabriel.corona@enst-bretagne.fr>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
Jeremy Harris <jeharris@redhat.com>
Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
Joe Stein <joeaarons@gmail.com>
John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Kondo, Naoya <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
Krzysztof Adamski <k@japko.eu>
Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Marianne CHEVROT <blackmoor@openmailbox.org>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Mark Post <mpost@suse.com>
Martin Gebert <Murphy.Gebert@gmx.de>
Mats Wichmann <mats@linuxfoundation.org>
Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>`
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Naoya Kondo <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kernel@gmail.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
Orion Poplawski <orion@cora.nwra.com>
Pakin Yury <zxwarior@yandex.ru>
Patrick Donnelly <batrick@batbytes.com>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Philip Semanchuk <linux_kernel.20.ick@spamgourmet.com>
Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is>
Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
Stéphane Aulery <lkppo@free.fr>
Stephen Hurd <shurd@sasktel.net>
Vincent Bernat <bernat@luffy.cx>
William Preston <wpreston@suse.de>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
copy_file_range.2
Anna Schumaker [Darrick J. Wong, Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting copy_file_range()
copy_file_range() is a new system call for copying ranges of data
completely in the kernel. This gives filesystems an opportunity to
implement some kind of "copy acceleration", such as reflinks or
server-side-copy (in the case of NFS).
personality.2
Michael Kerrisk
This page has been greatly expanded, to add descriptions of
personality domains.
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella]
Significant reworking of this page:
* Rework discussion of the (obsolete) binary mode
* Split open_memstream(3) description into a separate page.
* Note various fmemopen() bugs that were fixed in glibc 2.22
* Greatly expand description of 'mode' argument
* Rework description of 'buf' and 'len' arguments
* Expand discussion of "current position" for fmemopen() stream
ntp_gettime.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing ntp_gettime(3) and ntp_gettimex(3)
open_memstream.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page created by split of fmemopen(3).
At the same time, add and rework a few details in the text.
posix_spawn.3
Bill O. Gallmeister, Michael Kerrisk
New man page documenting posix_spawn(3) and posix_spawnp(3)
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Split readdir_r() content into separate page
As suggested by Florian Weimer:
It may make sense to move this documentation to a separate
manual page, specific to readdir_r. This will keep the
readdir() documentation nice and crisp. Most programmers
will never have to consult all these details.
Michael Kerrisk
Near complete restructuring of the page and add some further details
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Rich Felker, Paul Eggert]
Add a lot more detail on portable use of the 'd_name' field
readdir_r.3
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
New page created after split of readdir(3).
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Explain why readdir_r() is deprecated and readdir() is preferred
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Remove misleading code example using pathconf()
lirc.4
Alec Leamas
New page documenting lirc device driver
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
adjtimex.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document ntp_adjtime(3)
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Baron]
Document EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
madvise.2
Minchan Kim [Michael Kerrisk]
Document MADV_FREE
Document the MADV_FREE flag added to madvise() in Linux 4.5.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document CmaTotal and CmaFree fields of /proc/meminfo
Michael Kerrisk
Document additional /proc/meminfo fields
Document DirectMap4k, DirectMap4M, DirectMap2M, DirectMap1G
Michael Kerrisk
Document MemAvailable /proc/meminfo field
Michael Kerrisk
Document inotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
Michael Kerrisk
Document fanotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
Michael Kerrisk
Add some kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Donnelly]
/proc/PID/fdinfo displays the setting of the close-on-exec flag
Note also the pre-3.1 bug in the display of this info.
socket.7
Craig Gallek [Michael Kerrisk, Vincent Bernat]
Document some BPF-related socket options
Document the behavior and the first kernel version for each of the
following socket options:
SO_ATTACH_FILTER
SO_ATTACH_BPF
SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF
SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF
SO_DETACH_FILTER
SO_DETACH_BPF
SO_LOCK_FILTER
New and changed links
---------------------
isalpha_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to isalpha.3
longjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Replace page with link to setjmp(3), which now incorporates longjmp()
ntp_adjtime.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to adjtimex(2)
ntp_gettimex.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to ntp_gettime.3
open_wmemstream.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update link to point to new open_memstream(2) page
posix_spawnp.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new posix_spawn.3 page
siglongjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewire link to point to setjmp(3)
strerror_l.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to strerror.3
Fix missing link
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Update FTM requirements (_DEFAULT_SOURCE)
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
Update to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE, and also changes brought by
glibc commit 266865c0e7b79d4196e2cc393693463f03c90bd8.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify FTM requirements
Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 700
(or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
200809L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
can be simplified to:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify FTM requirements
Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
(or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
can be simplified to:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify FTM requirements
_XOPEN_SOURCE implies _POSIX_C_SOURCE >=2, so simplify FTM
requirements in various pages.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "or 'cc -std=c99'" from SYNOPSIS
Under the FTM requirements all of these pages document the
requirement for _ISOC99_SOURCE. And feature_test_macros(7) now
documents that "cc -std=c99" produces the same effect as defining
_ISOC99_SOURCE. So, all of these pages don't additionally need
to specify "or 'cc -std=c99'" under the FTM requirements
in the SYNOPSIS. Removing that redundant text also simplifies
the SYNOPSIS a little.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify FTM requirements
Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
(or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
can be simplified to:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove references to _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in SYNOPSIS
_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete (it existed in SUSv1, but not
subsequent standards). _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 produces the same
effects as (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED). Modifying
the SYNOPSIS of various ages that contain:
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
to just:
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
This has the following benefits:
a) Simplifying the SYNOPSIS by removing ancient
historical information.
b) Preventing users from being misled into using
_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in new source code.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS
_POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made
obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
in the feature test macro requirements section of the
SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may
mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro.
A few mentions of it are maintained in a some pages where
defining _POSIX_SOURCE inhibits some behavior.
Various sockets-related pages
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
Use consistent argument/variable names for socket addresses and lengths
As noted by Carlos, there's quite a bit of inconsistency across
pages. Use 'addr' and 'addrlen' consistently in variables and
function arguments.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Wording fix: "current file offset" ==> "file offset"
"File offset" is the preferred POSIX terminology.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Word "descriptor" more precisely
Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add reference to signal(7) in description of EINTR
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
locale.1
Marko Myllynen
Add "locale -c charmap" as an example
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104511.
localedef.1
Marko Myllynen
Add hint on purpose of --no-archive
Indicate why using --no-archive might be a good idea. The issue
is that if you create a custom locale with localedef(1) and put
it to the locale archive then during the next glibc upgrade the
locale archive is updated as well and your custom locale is gone.)
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: improve description for EBADF
adjtimex.2
Michael Kerrisk [John Stultz]
Various improvements after feedback from John Stultz
Michael Kerrisk
Remove FTM requirements
It seems that adjtimex() never needed _BSD_SOURCE (and my
earlier commit 5918743bc8b02b was simply a blunder).
Michael Kerrisk
Split EINVAL error cases
Michael Kerrisk
Note treatment of out-of-range buf.offset
Michael Kerrisk
Don't refer reader to adjtime(3)
Probably, it's not wise to suggest adjtime(3) as the more
portable API. Rather, ntp_adjtime(3) should be used.
Michael Kerrisk [Naresh Kamboju]
Update details of buf.offset EINVAL error
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ntp_gettime(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of some PPS timex fields
Michael Kerrisk
Add ATTRIBUTES section
William Preston [Petr Gajdos]
Update a detail in adjtimex return value description
Michael Kerrisk
Note range constraints and clamping for ADJ_FREQUENCY
bdflush.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc support for this system call went away in version 2.23
bind.2
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of ENOENT error
bpf.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document close-on-exec semantics
The close-on-exec file descriptor flag is automatically enabled
for FDs returned by bpf().
chmod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify terminology (file mode versus file permission bits)
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: improve EBADF description
clone.2
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE
The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific
system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical
use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue.
connect.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: improve EBADF description
create_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
delete_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document ELOOP error for circular monitoring loops
eventfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that eventfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Krzysztof Adamski]
Add EPERM error for capabilities check of capability-dumb binaries
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to ld-linux.so(8)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add system(3)
fanotify_init.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version that allowed O_CLOEXEC for event_f_flags
fcntl.2
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add lslocks(8)
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
Rework description of F_SETOWN
As suggested by Jason, make it clearer that I/O signalling
requires the use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC. While we're at,
make a few other cleanups to the text.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE to get definition of F_SETOWN/F_GETOWN
This usage went away in glibc 2.20, and the simplest remedy
is just to omit mention of it.
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME can now be used with FUTEX_WAIT
get_kernel_syms.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc does not support this system call
init_module.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
ioctl_list.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Include uapi/linux/wireless.h
Add the list of wireless IOCTLs.
Heinrich Schuchardt
Path to sockios.h
sockios.h is now in include/uapi
Heinrich Schuchardt
Add reference to netdevice.7
netdevice.7 describes most of the IOCTLs of sockios.h
Heinrich Schuchardt
Transfer structure (wireless.h IOCTLs)
The sole parameter to be passed to the wireless.h IOCTLs is
of type struct iwreq *.
ioperm.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
ioperm.2: Permissions are inherited across fork(2)
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99911
iopl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
Permissions are not inherited across fork(2) or preserved on execve(2)
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99901
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
FUSE now supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
Michael Kerrisk
NFS supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add open(2)
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify MADV_HWPOISON wording to say that it applies to a page range
mknod.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mknod(1)
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: mention existence of proc/PID/fd and /proc/PID/fdinfo
Mark Post [Petr Gajdos]
O_TMPFILE support is now provided bt Btrfs
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
Note treatment of 'pipefd' on error
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify EINVAL error description
recv.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Equivalence to read()
Describe the recv(2)-read(2) and the recvfrom(2)-recv(2)
equivalences for zero-valued arguments.
Michael Kerrisk
MSG_WAITALL has no effect for datagram sockets
recv.2
cmsg.3
Nikola Forró
Fix type of cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure
The type shown for cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure is socklen_t,
but the actual type used by glibc and the kernel is size_t.
The information was obtained from glibc source code:
http://bit.ly/21m1RMp
Michael Kerrisk
Note that cmsg_len is typed as socklen_t in POSIX.1
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Florian Weimer]
Warn that CPU_ALLOC() may allocate a slightly CPU set than requested
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Add reference to CPU_ALLOC(3)
sched_setattr.2
Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Suda]
EPERM depends on affinity mask of target thread, not calling thread
select.2
Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
Mention the 'fd_set' size limitation early and refer to poll(2)
Change this because of the serious limitation of select()
imposing a limit on the range of file descriptors that can
be monitored. This is currently mentioned too late in the
documentation (in the NOTES section). The man page should
warn early and refer to poll(2) as soon as possible.
Michael Kerrisk
Add details on the glibc fixed-size fd_set limitation
No modern application should use select() on Linux.
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk
Some readability fixes to example program
Michael Kerrisk
Better variable names in example program
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify 'if' logic in example program
Michael Kerrisk
Use correct type (socklen_t) for addrlen
semctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso, Manfred Spraul, Philip Semanchuk]
NOTES: note when 'sempid' is set on various implementations
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112271 and
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/2162754/
Subject: [PATCH] Don't set sempid in semctl syscall.
Date: 2016-02-26 12:21:38 GMT
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak comment describing 'sempid'
sendfile.2
Askar Safin
Fix incorrect description in text referring to splice(2)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add copy_file_range(2)
setpgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct/simplify FTM requirements for BSD setpgrp() and getpgrp()
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that signalfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Explicitly refer the reader to sigsetops(3)
This man page did not make it obvious which functions
should be used for manipulating signals sets, nor where
those functions were documented.
socketpair.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
Note treatment of 'sv' on error
splice.2
Askar Safin
Improve description of 0 return value.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90911
statfs.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Use consistent case for hex constants
sync.2
Christoph Hellwig
Clarify description and document the Linux data integrity guarantees
syscall.2
Mike Frysinger
Add more architectures and improve error documentation
Move the error register documentation into the main table rather
than listing them in sentences after the fact.
Add sparc error return details.
Add details for alpha/arc/m68k/microblaze/nios2/powerpc/superh/
tile/xtensa.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add copy_file_range(2)
times.2
Kondo, Naoya
Fix an incorrect description in NOTES
The text has an incorrect description in NOTES, it says
that (2^32/HZ) - 300 is about 429 million. It is correct
only if HZ=10 which does not look common today. So just
removing "(i.e., about 429 million)" is good enough.
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add truncate(1)
uselib.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention CONFIG_USELIB
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc does not support this (obsolete) system call
wait.2
wait4.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rename the "status" argument to "wstatus"
The fact that exit(3)/_exit(2) has an argument called
"status" and the same name is used in the arguments to the
wait*() calls can a little too easily lead the user into
thinking that the two arguments hold the same information,
when of course they don't. So, use a different name
for the argument of the wait*() functions, to reduce
the chances of such confusion.
backtrace.3
Michael Kerrisk [Martin Gebert]
Small fixes to example program
clearenv.3
Michael Kerrisk [Matt Zimmerman]
Clarify the use and effect of clearenv()
See http://bugs.debian.org/679323
Michael Kerrisk
Variables can be added to the environment after calling clearenv()
clog10.3
Michael Kerrisk
Show an alternative equivalence for clog10()
Michael Kerrisk
Update CONFORMING TO
Fix grammar error and add C11.
dl_iterate_phdr.3
Michael Kerrisk [Paul Pluzhnikov]
Describe 'struct dl_phdr_info' fields added in glibc 2.4
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103011
Michael Kerrisk [Simon Que]
Note that first object visited by 'callback' is the main program
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94141
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add some explanation of ENOENT error
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add system(3)
exp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Joachim Wuttke]
SEE ALSO: add expm1(3)
fopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add open_memstream(3)
fts.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: glibc-2.23 now has LFS support for the fts functions
gamma.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alan Cox]
gamma() was documented in SVID 2
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Schwab, Orion Poplawski]
Update FTM requirements for glibc 2.22
Since glibc 2.22 getaddrinfo() etc. are only declared for
POSIX.1-2001 or later.
getcwd.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pwd(1)
opendir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Help the reader by explicitly mentioning the use of readdir(3)
perror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Suggest use of strerror(3) in place of deprecated 'sys_errlist'
posix_fallocate.3
Jérémie Galarneau
ERRORS: add EINTR
The glibc implementation of posix_fallocate(), which calls
fallocate(), may be interrupted. The fallocate() emulation
also makes use of pread()/pwrite(), which may also be
interrupted.
posix_memalign.3
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
Note posix_memalign()'s treatment of 'memptr' on error
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3)
queue.3
Dr. Tobias Quathamer
Remove double CONFORMING TO section
rcmd.3
Nikola Forró
Add missing condition concerning .rhosts file
The list of conditions determining if iruserok() and ruserok()
functions automatically fail is incomplete. According to glibc
source code, the functions also fail if the .rhosts file
is hard linked anywhere.
setbuf.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add stdbuf(1)
setjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite and merge longjmp()/siglongjmp() discussion into this page
The discussion of nonlocal gotos is much easier to read if
setjmp() and longjmp() are discussed in the same page. While
we're at it, rework almost the entire text and add several
more details.
Michael Kerrisk
Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
POSIX.1-2008 TC2 adds explicit text on this point.
See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195
Michael Kerrisk
Explain why nonlocal gotos make code harder to maintain
Michael Kerrisk
Reword warning on longjmp() to function that has already returned
Michael Kerrisk
Remove reference to obsolete _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
sleep.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sleep(1)
strftime.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jeremy Harris]
Note which 'tm' fields are used to calculate each output string
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162218
strlen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alan Aversa]
CONFORMING TO: add C11
system.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add execve(2)
termios.3
Dr. Tobias Quathamer
Document line length in canonical mode
See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/tty/n_tty.c#n1673
See https://bugs.debian.org/797479
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
Further improvements to recent tweaks of canonical mode 4096 char limit
timegm.3
Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hurd, Mats Wichmann]
Remove sample implementation of timegm()
Stephen and Mats both question the wisdom of showing a portable
*non-thread-safe* implementation of timegm(), and I find it
hard to disagree. So, remove this code.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103701
Michael Kerrisk
Expand DESCRIPTION a little
st4.4
Dr. Tobias Quathamer
Remove spurious copyright section
tty_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ldattach(1)
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk [Gabriel Corona, Mike Frysinger]
Fix description of STV_PROTECTED
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of STV_DEFAULT
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of STV_HIDDEN
Chris Pick
Remove erroneous, duplicate SHN_* section
Michael Kerrisk [Chris Pick]
Reword discussion of range values a little
gai.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
group.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
SEE ALSO: add gpasswd(1)
SEE ALSO: add sg(1)
SE ALSO: add gshadow(5)
SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1)
locale.5
Marko Myllynen [Mike Frysinger]
tel + fax are deprecated
nsswitch.conf.5
Nikola Forró
Update NSS compatibility mode description
utmp.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add lslogins(1)
aio.7
Andreas Gruenbacher
Improve example
When aio_sigevent.sigev_notify is set to SIGEV_SIGNAL, signal
handlers called for asynchronous I/O operations will have
si->si_code set to SI_ASYNCIO. Check to make sure that
si->si_value.sival_ptr is defined.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Explain safety check for capability-dumb binaries
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sg(1), su(1)
SEE ALSO: add id(1), group(5), passwd(5)
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
environ.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe the Bourne "NAME=value command" syntax
Michael Kerrisk
Add some details describing hos shell's environment is initialized
Michael Kerrisk
Note that child of fork(2) inherits copy of parent's environment
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pam_env(3)
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention that epoll info is available via /proc/PID/fdinfo
fanotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify entries
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a summary of some FTM key points
Michael Kerrisk
Give an early hint about some macros being defined by default
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify relation between _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
Emphasize that defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 produces same
effects as defining _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that man pages don't mention _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
As per previous commit, mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
has generally been removed from the man pages.
Michael Kerrisk
Note effects of "cc -std=c99" and "cc -std=c11"
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify some _ISOC99_SOURCE / _DEFAULT_SOURCE details
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete
Since SUSv2, _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is no longer specified
in the standard.
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo inotify entries
ip.7
Eric Dumazet
Document IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT socket option
mq_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the close-on-exec flag is automatically set on MQ descriptors
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add lsns(1)
lsns(1) was recently added in util-linux, probably to appear
in next release (2.28?).
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
Clarify that I/O signalling requires use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mkfifo(1)
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pcap(3)
SEE ALSO: add wireshark(1) and tcpdump(8)
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add POSIX.1-2008 TC2 (POSIX.1-2016)
svipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak description of 'sempid'
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add lsipc(1)
symlink.7
Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
Some "magic" symlinks have permissions other than 0777
See https://bugs.debian.org/743525
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add timeout(1)
SEE ALSO: add ntp_adjtime(3) and ntp_gettime(3)
unicode.7
Dr. Tobias Quathamer
Document private use areas
See https://bugs.debian.org/285444
unix.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
Add example
A complete example demonstrating the usage of sockets for local
interprocess communication is added.
Michael Kerrisk
Introduce term "sequenced-packet" for SOCK_SEQPACKET
Michael Kerrisk
Some wording improvements
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.06 ====================
Released: 2016-05-09, Oslo
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com>
Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
Ed Avis <eda@waniasset.com>
Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jordan Birks <birkses@hotmail.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Valery Reznic <valery_reznic@yahoo.com>
Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel <Zubair.Kakakhel@imgtec.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
cgroups.7
Serge Hallyn, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting cgroups
cgroup_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Serge Hallyn]
New page describing cgroup namespaces
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
readv.2
Christoph Hellwig
Document preadv2() and pwritev2()
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
Note that coarse clocks need architecture and VDSO support
clone.2
fork.2
Nikola Forró
Document ERESTARTNOINTR error code
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King]
ERRORS: add EINVAL for improperly aligned 'child_stack' value
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Valery Reznic]
Since Linux 2.6.28, recursive script interpretation is supported
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that mandatory locking is now governed by a configuration option
fsync.2
Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
Give some examples of files where sync can fail with EINVAL
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
ioctl_fat.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Use %04x to print volume ID
Leading zeroes should be used when display a FAT volume ID.
ioprio_set.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'off_t' is an integer data type defined by POSIX
memfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that memfd_create() does not have a glibc wrapper
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
MS_MANDLOCK requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (since Linux 4.5)
quotactl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document Q_GETNEXTQUOTA and Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA
Michael Kerrisk
Rework/reorder ERRORS list
Make into a single alphabetically ordered list
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version that removed Q_GETSTATS
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version for G_GETINFO, Q_SETINFO, and Q_GETFMT
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
semctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
From kernel 4.6, Linux now updates 'sempid' on SETALL operations
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document SEGV_BNDERR
Michael Kerrisk
Document SEGV_PKUERR
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add preadv2() and pwritev2()
write.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
makedev.3
Mike Frysinger
Use <sys/sysmacros.h> in SYNOPSIS
Defining these functions via <sys/types.h> causes problems for
some folk. As noted by Zack Wein:
libstdc++ force-enables _GNU_SOURCE, which means people
writing in C++ _can't_ avoid these nonstandard macros by
using a strict conformance mode.
Since glibc has basically always used <sys/sysmacros.h>,
update the docs to have people include that instead.
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: mention that <sys/types.h> may also define these macros
popen.3
Nikola Forró
RETURN VALUE: describe successful case
Reference:
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/popen.html
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pclose.html
strtod.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ed Avis]
Improve a detail in RETURN VALUE
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Adjust LC_IDENTIFICATION / abbreviation
Tiny tweak to locale.5 based on ISO/IEC TR 14652:
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
Marko Myllynen
Update LC_ADDRESS after glibc change
This patch updates locale.5 to match the recent glibc change
in commit a837257199ffab76237385b830cc7b6179fc2f18
Marko Myllynen
Complete LC_COLLATE
Here's the first attempt to (almost) complete the locale.5 manual
page by documenting all (but perhaps one) of the missing
LC_COLLATE keywords.
Mike Frysinger
country_car: Add a better description
nsswitch.conf.5
Marko Myllynen
Document group merging
Document the recently merged glibc group merge support.
Glibc commit ced8f8933673f4efda1d666d26a1a949602035ed
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Proposals/GroupMerging
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Move /proc/PID/cgroup discussion to cgroups(7) page
Michael Kerrisk
Add some background on why /proc/PID/mountinfo was added
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of /proc/PID/mountinfo 'root' field
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointer to cgroups(7) for documentation of /proc/cgroups
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to core(5) for info on /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
cpuset.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
ip.7
Benjamin Poirier
Fix incorrect sockopt name
"IP_LEAVE_GROUP" does not exist. It was perhaps a confusion with
MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP. Change the text to IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP which has
the same function as MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP and is documented in the
ip.7 man page.
Reference:
Linux kernel net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c do_ip_setsockopt()
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7), cgroup_namespaces(7)
vdso.7
Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel [Mike Frysinger]
Update for MIPS
Document the symbols exported by the MIPS VDSO.
VDSO support was added from kernel 4.4 onwards.
See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/arch/mips/vdso
Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
The __kernel_clock_* interfaces don't support *_COARSE clocks on PowerPC
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev]
Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables
These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD.
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ====================
Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
Chris Gassib <position0x45@hotmail.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Élie Bouttier <elie@bouttier.eu>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Håkon Sandsmark <hsandsma@cisco.com>
Iustin Pop <iustin@k1024.org>
Jacob Willoughby <jacob@spacemonkey.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
James H Cownie <james.h.cownie@intel.com>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
Jörn Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com>
Marko Kevac <marko@kevac.org>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Mitch Walker <mitch@gearnine.com>
Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com>
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Ori Avtalion <ori@avtalion.name>
Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
Tom Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com>
Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
"Yuming Ma(马玉明)" <mayuming@le.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
ioctl_fideduperange.2
Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as
BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME.
ioctl_ficlonerange.2
Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls
Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as
the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls.
nextup.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk]
New page describing mount namespaces
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document flags used to set propagation type
Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE.
Michael Kerrisk
Document the MS_REC flag
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley]
Document ptrace access modes
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid'
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
New and changed links
---------------------
preadv2.2
pwritev2.2
Michael Kerrisk
New links to readv(2)
nextdown.3
nextdownf.3
nextdownl.3
nextupf.3
nextupl.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to nextup(3)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail on the output of ldd
localedef.1
Marko Myllynen
Drop --old-style description
The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style
option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with
localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16
years and I doubt anyone uses it.
add_key.2
Mitch Walker
Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys
chroot.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2)
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died
futex.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct an ENOSYS error description
Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT.
Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart]
Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout
Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands
FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME.
Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout
Michael Kerrisk
Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY
Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE
equivalences.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations
At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the
FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations.
Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart]
Fix descriptions of various timeouts
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT
getitimer.2
Michael Kerrisk
Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page
Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
Change license to note that page may be modified
The page as originally written carried text that said the page may
be freely distributed but made no statement about modification.
In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact
seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a
small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose
rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original,
but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text,
I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that
modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the
original author to grant permission to modify was simply an
oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have
changed the page have taken that to be the case.)
See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
get_mempolicy.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes)
Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
Fix prototype for get_mempolicy()
In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *'
getpriority.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent
The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error,
where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in
DESCRIPTION.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2)
Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority
get_robust_list.2
Michael Kerrisk
get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
ioctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2)
kcmp.2
Michael Kerrisk
kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
Shawn Landden
Note about SECURITY_YAMA
kill.2
Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
Clarify the meaning if sig==0
lookup_dcookie.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1)
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups
The existing text makes no differentiation between different
"classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as
MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general
type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the
choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in
a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple
flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to
reflect these details.
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES
The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location;
NOTES is a better location.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount
This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/
Omar Sandoval
MS_BIND still ignores mountflags
This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6.
Michael Kerrisk
Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT
The behavior changed in Linux 3.17.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags'
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE
Michael Kerrisk
MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL
The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files
Michael Kerrisk
Update example list of filesystem types
Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples.
Michael Kerrisk
MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount
Michael Kerrisk
Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page
In preparation for other reworking.
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only
open.2
Eric Biggers
Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE
pciconfig_read.2
Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
Change license to note that page may be modified
Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay
to change the license to note that the page can be modified.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
perf_event_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
Jann Horn
Document new perf_event_paranoid default
Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver]
Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0
The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes
a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the
current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit
words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to
make this behavior explicit.
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Some wording improvements in timer slack description
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to
the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5).
process_vm_readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation
Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks,
and make a few other minor tweaks and additions.
Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn
Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections
Michael Kerrisk
Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check
Michael Kerrisk
Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check
quotactl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby]
'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks
This error appears to have been injected into glibc
when copying some headers from BSD.
See https://bugs.debian.org/825548
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ
setfsgid.2
setfsuid.2
Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper
See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1.
(This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.)
Michael Kerrisk
Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection
sysinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite and update various pieces
umask.2
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced
Michael Kerrisk
waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL
assert.3
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
Improved description
Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide
the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it
is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to
exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of
recommendations.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details of message printed by assert()
fmax.3
fmin.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fdim(3)
getauxval.3
Cownie, James H
Correct AT_HWCAP result description
inet_pton.3
Stefan Puiu
Mention byte order
malloc_hook.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook
memmem.3
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Note that memmem() is present on some other systems
mkdtemp.3
mktemp.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1)
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n
strcasecmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion]
Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer
strcat.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat()
In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating
Schlemiel The Painter.
strtoul.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add a64l(3)
strxfrm.3
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
Remove NOTES section
strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the
POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221
console_codes.4
console_ioctl.4
tty.4
vcs.4
charsets.7
Marko Myllynen
Remove console(4) references
0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few
references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs
to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
console_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib]
The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int'
lirc.4
Alec Leamas
Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes.
st.4
Kai Mäkisara
Fix description of read() when block is larger than request
Kai Mäkisara
Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6
Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match
the changes in kernel version 4.6.
charmap.5
Marko Myllynen
Clarify keyword syntax
Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc
charmap files are using currently.
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add readelf(1)
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Document missing keywords, minor updates
Marko Myllynen
Clarify keyword syntax
Marko Myllynen
Adjust conformance
proc.5
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5)
There was partial duplication, and some extra information
in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5).
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is
governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by
a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks
Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a
PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a
PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is
governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by
a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is
governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by
a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7)
Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo
to mount_namespaces(7).
Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"]
Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace
Michael Kerrisk
Add references to mount_namespaces(7)
repertoiremap.5
Marko Myllynen
Clarify keyword syntax
utmp.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski]
Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment
Michael Kerrisk
Add a detail on use of securebits
cgroup_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error
cp1251.7
cp1252.7
iso_8859-1.7
iso_8859-15.7
iso_8859-5.7
koi8-r.7
koi8-u.7
Marko Myllynen
Add some charset references
Add some references to related charsets here and there.
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add runuser(1)
SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1)
SEE ALSO: add sudo(8)
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk
Emphasize that applications should not directly include <features.h>
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for
Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
Add a few more details on formatting conventions
Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting.
Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions,
and "general".
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is
governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
Michael Kerrisk
Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently
Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll
Michael Kerrisk
Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description
This is a duplicate of information in proc(5).
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces
netlink.7
Andrey Vagin
Describe netlink socket options
Michael Kerrisk
Rework version information
(No changes in technical details.)
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION
Michael Kerrisk
Expand discussion of socket permissions
Michael Kerrisk
Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket
Read permission is not required (verified by experiment).
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation
Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
Update text on socket permissions on other systems
At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write
permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10,
some light testing suggested that write permission is still
not checked on that system.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets
W. Trevor King
Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket'
Michael Kerrisk
Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection
Michael Kerrisk
Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace
Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged
operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many
privileged operations relate to resources that have no
association with any namespace type, and only processes
with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those
operations.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a
noninitial userns.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts
With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user
namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and
not hierarchies that have a controller).
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems
Michael Kerrisk
Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc
Michael Kerrisk
Describe a concrete example of capability checking
Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in
an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged
operation.
Michael Kerrisk
Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces
Linux 3.12, not 3.11.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2)
SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7)
utf-8.7:
Shawn Landden
Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous
The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed,
but the text is ambiguous.
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ====================
Released: 2016-10-08, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com>
Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
David Turner <novalis@novalis.org>
Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com>
Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com>
Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net>
Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com>
Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com>
Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
quotactl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
Updated information regarding disk quota flags
Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition
of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined
publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands
Added information regarding structure definitions used for
XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added
information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on
usage of kernel UAPI header.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Additions regarding project quotas
Added information regarding presence of project quotas.
bswap.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64()
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/seccomp
Jann Horn
Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from
CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not
a good interface.
New and changed links
---------------------
bswap_16.3
bswap_32.3
bswap_64.3
New link to new bswap.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Fix section ordering
Various pages had sections in an order different from
that prescribed in man-pages(7).
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID)
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically
within the section.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Order ERRORS alphabetically
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove section number from page self reference
Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe
and include a section number in that reference. Such references
cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the
page.
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
pldd.1
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd
Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select()
Michael Kerrisk
Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES
DECNet ceased to be important long ago...
adjtimex.2
Nikola Forró
Fix kernel version references
chroot.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT
clone.2
Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett]
Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description
Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett]
Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures
Michael Kerrisk
Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes
These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
Michael Kerrisk
EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack'
Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes]
Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit
If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
file offset and status flags via the open file description.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention kcmp() under notes
close.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of the close-on-exec flag
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache
epoll_wait.2
Mike Crowe
Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list
Michael Kerrisk
Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged
fanotify_init.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Update BUGS information
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals
F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of
the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that
are used for subsequent permission checks.
Michael Kerrisk
Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID
fsync.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2)
Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O
integrity completion.
getdomainname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
getgroups.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
gethostname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
getsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework description to be somewhat clearer
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the definition of "session ID"
getunwind.2
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify text referring to vdso(7)
The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also
in vdso(7).
kcmp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
kill.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL
killpg.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules
mlock.2
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process
mmap.2
Jann Horn
Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS
Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot]
Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887
msgctl.2
msgget.2
msgop.2
semctl.2
semget.2
semop.2
shmctl.2
shmget.2
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD
Michael Kerrisk
F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/*
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir]
Make example program handle links that report a size of zero
Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under
/proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example
program to handle that possibility.
Michael Kerrisk
Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig]
Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written
Michael Kerrisk
Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line
reboot.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah]
Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace
select_tut.2
Peter Wu
Fix various issues in example program
seteuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
setgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
setpgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to credentials(7)
setpgid.2
setsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders
Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2).
setresuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
setreuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
setsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal
Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains
a controlling terminal.
set_thread_area.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add get_thread_area() to NAME
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
sigprocmask.2
Keno Fischer
Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann]
Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files
Michael Kerrisk
_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps
umask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4()
There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does
not provide a waitpid() system call.
bindresvport.3
rcmd.3
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
byteorder.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24
endian.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
ffs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner]
Correct feature test macro requirements
fmemopen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer()
getlogin.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid()
getumask.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24
Michael Kerrisk
Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask
mkstemp.3
Quentin Rameau
Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp()
The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L,
not 200112L.
pthread_join.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann]
Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread
Michael Kerrisk [王守堰]
Clarify use of 'retval' pointer
resolver.3
Ray Bellis
Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep)
strverscmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
wcstombs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
core.5
Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
Add more details for output paths and the crash handler
People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same
context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :).
proc.5
Mike Frysinger
Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces
If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root
symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem.
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root
Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more
than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger
in an earlier commit message.
Michael Kerrisk
Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files
Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership
of /proc/PID files.
Michael Kerrisk
Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable'
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field
Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask'
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
Michael Kerrisk
Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields
These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6.
Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak]
Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS
Michael Kerrisk
Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add proc(5)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2)
glob.7
Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard]
Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged
packet.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean]
Document FIONREAD
raw.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating
a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the
kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules
The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather
than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2),
where the rules are described for F_SETOWN.
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev]
Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Expand description of LD_DEBUG
Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple
categories can be specified.
Michael Kerrisk
Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries
Michael Kerrisk
Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5
libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page
with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the
following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH,
LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of "ELF only"
Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out
ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page
with "ELF-only" serves no purpose.
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ====================
Released: 2016-12-12, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Afzal Mohammed <afzal.mohd.ma@gmail.com>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@gmail.com>
Daniel Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org>
Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
Marcos Mello <marcosfrm@gmail.com>
Michael Hausenblas <michael.hausenblas@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Miroslav Koskar <mk@mkoskar.com>
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pkey_alloc.2
Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2)
pthread_getattr_default_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
strfromd.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3)
The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class
of functions that convert a float-point value to string.
fuse.4
Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
New page describing /dev/fuse
This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after
playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully
incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working
on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the
near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a
handy reference for others looking at this interface.
[mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page,
it's a good base for future extension.]
tmpfs.5
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem
pkeys.7
Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys
random.7
Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget]
New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness
Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4),
as well as new material.
sock_diag.7
Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin
New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface
close.2
getpriority.2
nice.2
timer_create.2
timerfd_create.2
random.4
elf.5
proc.5
sched.7
Various authors
These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under
"Changes to individual pages".
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN
mprotect.2
Dave Hansen
Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN
prctl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support
Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context
switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE.
Vince Weaver
Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type
Vince Weaver
PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type
Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP
Vince Weaver
Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT
Vince Weaver
Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as
/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new
EOVERFLOW error return.
Dave Hansen
PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type
Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES
It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS)
are lost.
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
Michael Kerrisk
Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith]
Document the autogroup feature
Includes documenting autogroup nice value
Michael Kerrisk
Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases
When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros)
there are many traditional use cases where the nice value
ceases to have any effect.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling
New and changed links
---------------------
killpg.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to relocated killpg(3) page
pkey_free.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page
pkey_mprotect.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to mprotect(2)
pthread_setattr_default_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3
strfromf.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
New link to strfromd(3)
strfroml.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
New link to strfromd(3)
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details
It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away.
Remove some ancient details from the pages.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t'
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t'
We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion.
adjtimex.2
clock_getres.2
gettimeofday.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8)
bind.2
connect.2
getpeername.2
getsockname.2
getsockopt.2
Michael Kerrisk
Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2)
The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated
across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2),
where some details about this type are provided.
chmod.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chmod(1)
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1)
chroot.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chroot(1)
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space
CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new
TID before clone() returns to user space
close.2
Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner]
Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling
Further clarify that an error return should be used only
for diagnostic or remedial purposes.
Michael Kerrisk
Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error
Looking at some historical source code suggests
that the "close() always closes regardless of error return"
behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error
See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems
fallocate.2
Darrick J. Wong
Document behavior with shared blocks
Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to
guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC.
fanotify_mark.2
Heinrich Schuchardt
Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW
To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit
in fanotify_mark().
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size
Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps
the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in
Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)).
Michael Kerrisk
Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached
fideduperange.2
Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval]
Fix the discussion of maximum sizes
Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and
src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect
what's actually in the kernel.
fsync.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fileno(3)
fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3)
and fsync(2).
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fflush(3)
getgroups.2
Andrew Clayton
FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2)
gethostname.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add hostname(1)
get_mempolicy.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0
getpriority.2
Michael Kerrisk
Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details.
Michael Kerrisk
Expand discussion of getpriority() return value
Michael Kerrisk
The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
to the permitted range.
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of setpriority() return value
getpriority.2
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7)
Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical.
getrandom.2
random.4
Michael Kerrisk
Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness
Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are
spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general
opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a
somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single
page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns
expressed about the existing text in random(4).
[Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new
random(7) page.]
getrandom.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove material incorporated into random(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom}
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME
Michael Kerrisk
Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
ioctl_ficlonerange.2
ioctl_fideduperange.2
Darrick J. Wong
Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
kill.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add kill(1)
mbind.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter]
Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute
mbind.2
set_mempolicy.2
Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk]
Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1)
mprotect.2
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific
nice.2
Michael Kerrisk
Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance
Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the
raw system call (still) returns 0 on success.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE
Michael Kerrisk
Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE
This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text
a little.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread*
Michael Kerrisk
Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9
Michael Kerrisk
Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver
Add cycles field in LBR records
Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
last branch records.
Vince Weaver
Update time_shift sample code
Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached
prctl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32
Michael Kerrisk
Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits
ptrace.2
Keno Fischer
Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops
Keno Fischer
Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps
In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and
syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and
their interaction with the various forms of restart.
quotactl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels
reboot.2
Wang Long
Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace
sched_setattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value
The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7).
sched_setscheduler.2
Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange]
Mention SCHED_DEADLINE
Give the reader a clue that there is another policy
available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2).
seccomp.2
Jann Horn
Document changed interaction with ptrace
Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again
after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9.
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters
set_mempolicy.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat list of modes
setsid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit()
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery
of autogrouping.
sigaction.2
Dave Hansen
Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo
symlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
sync_file_range.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description for ESPIPE error
A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect()
New system calls in Linux 4.9.
Michael Kerrisk
Add ppc_swapcontext(2)
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
Michael Kerrisk
Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers
unlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add unlink(2)
utime.2
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add touch(1)
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4().
atof.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
ctime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add ERRORS section
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
Add glibc error text for EILSEQ
fclose.3
fflush.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fileno(2)
getlogin.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r()
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
isalpha.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
killpg.3
Michael Kerrisk
Move killpg.2 from section to section 3
mallopt.3
Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST
Michael Kerrisk
Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST
Michael Kerrisk
Note default value of M_PERTURB
mbsnrtowcs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character
Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character
is found at end of the input buffer.
mbstowcs.3
wcstombs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
Improve language relating to "initial state"
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705
mbstowcs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
Add missing include to example program
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172
mq_close.3
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3)
mq_open.3
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open()
mq_receive.3
mq_send.3
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF
printf.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
pthread_attr_init.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
pthread_create.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
ptsname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far)
remainder.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling
The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
has been fixed in glibc 2.15.
Michael Kerrisk
Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors
The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783
was fixed in glibc 2.15.
setjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
_BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics
strtod.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
tgamma.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error
The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810
was fixed in glibc 2.19.
timegm.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add ERRORS section
Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
Add RETURN VALUE section
tmpnam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Properly document tmpnam_r(3)
toupper.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
ttyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
console_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk
Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes
Miroslav Koskar
Add K_OFF keyboard mode
random.4
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to new random(7) page
Michael Kerrisk
Rework formatting of /proc interfaces
Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file
descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes.
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget]
Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom
This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to
serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any
suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable
(i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only
suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays
since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming
language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its
security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the
kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered.
Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o]
Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals
The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for
/dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from
/dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing.
If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom
there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal
handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to
reflect this.
elf.5
Mike Frysinger
Add subsection headers at major points
The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION
with no real visual break up between logically independent
sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to
read and scan.
Mike Frysinger
Document notes
Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that
contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only
included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not
defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc.
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fuse(4)
proc.5
Dave Hansen
Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field
Michael Kerrisk
Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file
Michael Kerrisk
Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files
sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled
and /proc/PID/autogroup.
Michael Kerrisk
Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields
Michael Kerrisk
Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details
Michael Kerrisk
Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks
Michael Kerrisk
Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo
Michael Kerrisk
Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output
proc.5
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7)
resolv.conf.5
Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer]
Timeout does not map to resolver API calls
utmp.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add users(1)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add shadow(5)
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated
Michael Kerrisk
Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory
libc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6
Michael Kerrisk
Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5
Just for historical interest. Details taken from
http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html.
mdoc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7)
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7)
mount_namespaces.7
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7)
This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written
before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page.
Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page.
netlink.7
Dmitry V. Levin
Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG
Dmitry V. Levin
Add references to sock_diag(7)
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum]
Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes
Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and
/proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}.
Michael Kerrisk
Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value
Michael Kerrisk
Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value
Michael Kerrisk
Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller
Michael Kerrisk
Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler
Michael Kerrisk
Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time
Michael Kerrisk
Give the page a more generic NAME
The page isn't just about APIs.
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released
symlink.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
uri.7
Jakub Wilk
Use "example.com" as example domain
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ====================
Released: 2017-03-13, Paris
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
Alex <psybin@riseup.net>
Anders Thulin <anders@thulin.name>
Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org>
Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Erik Kline <ekline@gmail.com>
Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Fabjan Sukalia <fsukalia@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Helmut Eller <eller.helmut@gmail.com>
Hugo Guiroux <hugo.guiroux@gmail.com>
Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com>
John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
Jon Jensen <jon@endpoint.com>
Kai NODA <nodakai@gmail.com>
KASAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Kent Fredic <kentfredric@gmail.com>
Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com>
Maik Zumstrull <maik@zumstrull.net>
Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com>
Reverend Homer <mk.43.ecko@gmail.com>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Sergey Polovko <sergey@polovko.me>
Steven Luo <steven@steven676.net>
Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com>
Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
Vivenzio Pagliari <vivenzio.pagliari@nokia.com>
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
add_key.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
Major improvements and additions
The page has doubled in length.
ioctl_iflags.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations
ioctl_ns.2
Michael Kerrisk
New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7)
keyctl.2
Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau]
A vast number of additions and improvements
The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over
1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface
provided by this system call.
getentropy.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting getentropy(3)
getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25.
keyrings.7
David Howells
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
Very many additions and improvements
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/keys
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/key-users
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc files that define key quotas
persistent-keyring.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk
Various clean-ups and additions
process-keyring.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk
Various additions and improvements
request_key.2
Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells]
Very many additions and improvements
The page is now three times its former length.
session-keyring.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk
Various reworking and additions
signal-safety.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from
signal(7). Along the way some more details got added.
Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
thread-keyring.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk
Various rewordings and additions
user-keyring.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk
Various reworking and improvements
user-session-keyring.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
than the keyutils package.
Michael Kerrisk
Various rewordings and additions
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
bzero.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25)
Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
New and changed links
---------------------
explicit_bzero.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to bzero.3
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
chmod.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
chroot.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
clone() does not execute fork handlers
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve()
Michael Kerrisk
File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID
Michael Kerrisk
The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error
fsync.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2)
getrandom.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page
Michael Kerrisk
Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in <sys/random.h>
Michael Kerrisk
glibc support was added in version 2.25
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets
getxattr.2
listxattr.2
Andreas Gruenbacher
Document E2BIG errors
inotify_add_watch.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object"
Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7).
ioctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2)
ioctl_fat.2
Brian Masney
Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label
kcmp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values
Michael Kerrisk
KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description
link.2
Michael Kerrisk
When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
Michael Kerrisk
Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs
listxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
Eliminate extra E2BIG error text
Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that
was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine
the two texts.
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems
Michael Kerrisk
Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions
The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2)
for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that,
since the reader can then deduce how things work.
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance
mbind.2
Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk]
Update MPOL_BIND description
The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26.
mincore.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3)
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mincore(2)
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type
nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
Describe "creeping sleep" problem
nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches
signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate.
Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2)
provides a solution.
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags
Michael Kerrisk
Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW
Michael Kerrisk
Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX
poll.2
select.2
Nicolas Biscos
Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2)
A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that
discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's
sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being
done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs).
As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for
the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future
writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make
the same mistake.
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about
/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize some text
Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES.
Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more
obvious.
Michael Kerrisk
One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore'
Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view
of which pages of a file are currently cached.
Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull]
Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: mincore(2)
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread
Keno Fischer
Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset
Michael Kerrisk
The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process)
Michael Kerrisk
Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
ptrace.2
Omar Sandoval
Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
read.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count'
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo]
Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read
Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read
to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler.
That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)!
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file
There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice.
recv.2
Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat]
Remove duplicate paragraph
man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing
paragraph. Remove that duplicate.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7)
remap_file_pages.2
Michael Kerrisk
remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7)
setxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries
See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/.
Michael Kerrisk
signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals
Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid
memory access can be caught only with a handler.
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting
statfs.2
Namhyung Kim
Add more filesystem types
Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h
syscall.2
Mike Frysinger
Add endian details with 64-bit splitting
Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs
usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which
means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the
readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is
way more common than big endian).
Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply
to.
Mike Frysinger
Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs
While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC,
they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather
than expose the padding to userspace.
tkill.2
Jann Horn
Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals
truncate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects
unlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files
vfork.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain why the child should not call exit(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory
Michael Kerrisk
Note some caveats re the use of vfork()
Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/.
See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and
See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add _exit(2)
write.2
Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count'
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
aio_suspend.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172
backtrace.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1)
bcmp.3
bcopy.3
bzero.3
memccpy.3
memchr.3
memcmp.3
memcpy.3
memfrob.3
memmem.3
memmove.3
memset.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bstring(3)
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24
fopen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller]
Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261
Michael Kerrisk
Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument
Michael Kerrisk
Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname'
For consistency with open(2).
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsection headings for each function
fts.3
Michael Kerrisk
Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set()
Michael Kerrisk
Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition
Michael Kerrisk
Improve explanation of 'fts_errno'
Michael Kerrisk
Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set()
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS
getline.3
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: better error handling
Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic]
EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input
Jann Horn
Document ENOMEM error case
see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument
Michael Kerrisk
Use better variable name in example program
getmntent.3
Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin]
Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611
getopt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reword discussion of error handling and reporting
The existing description was hard to understand. Break
it into a bullet list that separates out the details
in a manner that is easier to parse.
Michael Kerrisk
Correct details of use of <stdio.h> to get getopt() declaration
Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
Remove some redundant text
mq_open.3
Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page
Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from
having to refer to mq_getattr(3).
mq_send.3
Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority
__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro
The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the
__ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high()
definitions.
printf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'q' length modifier
Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer]
Fix a small bug in example code
Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that
precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in
all cases.
Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341.
Michael Kerrisk
Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3))
random.3
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument
The information was a bit hidden in NOTES.
random_r.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak]
'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some usage notes for setstate_r()
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf'
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662.
Michael Kerrisk
Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API
resolver.3
Michael Kerrisk
RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated
These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they
are deprecated.
Michael Kerrisk
The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25
Michael Kerrisk
Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated
Michael Kerrisk
RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25
Michael Kerrisk
RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25
resolver.3
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off
scandir.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson]
Fix errors in example program
See http://bugs.debian.org/848231.
Michael Kerrisk
Improve logic of the example program
scanf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions
sem_post.3
setjmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7)
sem_wait.3
Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia]
Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting
This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description
of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains
the historical details.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071
sleep.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner]
Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2)
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
Michael Kerrisk
Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection
The existing text is not a bug, as such.
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: minor reworking
strerror.3
Heinrich Schuchardt
Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l()
Add a hint which buffer size is needed for
strerror_r() and strerror_l().
strverscmp.3
Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari]
Fix comparison error in example program
system.3
Michael Kerrisk
In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system()
random.4
Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen]
Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory
Michael Kerrisk
The target of core dump piping can also be a script
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5)
intro.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems
There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various
pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems.
Change intro(5) to reflect that.
Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998
proc.5
Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior
/proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at
*start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field
Michael Kerrisk
Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry
Michael Kerrisk
Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors
Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors
that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd
Michael Kerrisk
Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25
Michael Kerrisk
The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25
Michael Kerrisk
The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25
slabinfo.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler]
Add subsection with notes to kernel developers
Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose
which capability should govern a new kernel feature.
Michael Kerrisk
Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers"
Michael Kerrisk
Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored
Michael Kerrisk
Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
Michael Kerrisk
Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2)
environ.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk
Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ip(8)
man.7
uri.7
Jakub Wilk
Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs
Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site.
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types
Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the
default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED.
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: rename the example program
Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded
in various ways in the future.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2)
netlink.7
Michael Kerrisk
NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5
Michael Kerrisk
NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18
Michael Kerrisk
Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list
Michael Kerrisk
Add NETLINK_RDMA to list
Michael Kerrisk
NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5
Michael Kerrisk
NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17
Jakub Wilk
Update libnl homepage URL
The original URL is 404.
pid_namespaces.7
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2)
pid_namespaces.7
Keno Fischer
CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages
The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes
is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B.
See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source.
random.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention getentropy(3)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive
in the auxiliary vector.
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call"
This is the more typical definition.
Michael Kerrisk
SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7)
Michael Kerrisk
SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add a name for SIGEMT
Michael Kerrisk
SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko]
Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC
This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page
was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change.
Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau]
Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols
Michael Kerrisk
Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT
Michael Kerrisk
In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load
Michael Kerrisk
LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ====================
Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alexander Alemayhu <alexander@alemayhu.com>
Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Ben Dog <wsy2220@gmail.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Chema Gonzalez <chema@google.com>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Francois Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com>
Frank Theile
Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Heberer <jangc@t-online.de>
Marcin Ślusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
Nicolas Iooss <Nicolas.Iooss@ssi.gouv.fr>
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
Nominal Animal <question@nominal-animal.net>
Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
丁贵强<dingguiqiang@foxmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
ioctl_userfaultfd.2
Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport
New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd
statx.2
David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger]
New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11
userfaultfd.2
Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call.
pthread_atfork.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing pthread_atfork(3)
slabinfo.5
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality
There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page
was in any case hugely out of date.
inode.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page with information about inodes
David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of
the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication
by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2)
to a new page.
Renamed pages
--------------
ioctl_console.2
Michael Kerrisk
Renamed from console_ioctl.4
Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there
for consistency.
Michael Kerrisk
Note type of 'argp' for a various operations
For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type
of the 'argp' argument.
ioctl_tty.2
Michael Kerrisk
Renamed from tty_ioctl(4)
All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this
page consistent.
Michael Kerrisk
Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
ioctl_ns.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11
Michael Kerrisk
Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9
socket.7
Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk
Document SO_INCOMING_CPU
New and changed links
---------------------
console_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk
Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page
tty_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk
Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
alarm.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2)
chmod.2
fsync.2
mkdir.2
mknod.2
open.2
truncate.2
umask.2
utime.2
utimensat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add/replace references to inode(7)
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error
clone.2
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC
Michael Kerrisk
CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached
Michael Kerrisk
Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC
Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded,
the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error
is ENOSPC.
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN
Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero
'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and
EPOLLERR to be reported.
_exit.2
Michael Kerrisk
On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper"
It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes
are inherited by PID 1.
Michael Kerrisk
Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals
Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can
be employed with file seals.
Michael Kerrisk
File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files
As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to
memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment
and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds
the following line that applies to all new shmem files:
info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL;
Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this
setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create):
if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)
info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
fork.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3)
getdents.2
open.2
stat.2
statx.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add inode(7)
getdtablesize.2
attr.5
Alexander Miller
Move .so directive to first line
Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools
that process man page files.
getpid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID
ioctl_list.2
Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann]
BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long
ioctl_ns.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: document ENOTTY
kexec_load.2
sched_setaffinity.2
bootparam.7
Michael Kerrisk
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2)
Both of these pages discuss file holes.
mincore.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems
MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have
appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here
mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to
be relevant long ago. So, remove this text.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Expand discussion of POLLPRI
Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
posix_fadvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
prctl.2
Mike Frysinger
PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement
The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it
up to all users.
Mike Frysinger
PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers
Mike Frysinger
PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior
The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not
zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm().
Michael Kerrisk
Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes
Michael Kerrisk
Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec()
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2()
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3)
select.2
Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell]
Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors
Michael Kerrisk
Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications
Michael Kerrisk
Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions
Michael Kerrisk
Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler
signalfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask'
sigprocmask.2
Dmitry V. Levin
Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument
As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures,
it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value.
Michael Kerrisk
'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL
sigwaitinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals
socketcall.2
Mike Frysinger
Document call argument
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove information migrated to inode(7) page
Michael Kerrisk
Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list
Michael Kerrisk
Remove "Other systems" subsection
These details about other systems were added in 1999,
and were probably of limited use then, and even less today.
However, they do clutter the page, so remove them.
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid'
Michael Kerrisk
Add some subsection headings to ease readability
David Howells
ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT
Michael Kerrisk
Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf')
Marcin Ślusarz
Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH
Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something
other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap
the order of sentences.
Michael Kerrisk
Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino'
Michael Kerrisk
DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add membarrier(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Linux 4.11 added statx()
Michael Kerrisk
Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1
bzero.3
Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
Add correct header file for explicit_bzero()
cfree.3
Michael Kerrisk
cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26
exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Improve discussion of zombie processes
getentropy.3
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer]
Correct header file
Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration
grantpt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do
insque.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add queue(3)
queue.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add insque(3)
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5)
syslog.3
Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms]
Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability
Michael Kerrisk
Various rewordings and improvements
Michael Kerrisk
Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog()
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1)
ttyname.3
Dmitry V. Levin
Document ENODEV error code
Christian Brauner
NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces
wcsdup.3
Jan Heberer
RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description
Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to
-1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a.
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1)
nsswitch.conf.5
Florian Weimer
Mention sudoers
It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry
Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to
that page.
tmpfs.5
Michael Kerrisk
tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes
environ.7
Jakub Wilk
Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR
tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike
tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp.
hostname.7
Marko Myllynen
Use lower case for hostname example
Marko Myllynen
Use generic names in examples
Marko Myllynen
Describe accepted characters for hostname
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss]
Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32
user_namespaces.7
Stephan Bergmann
Fixes to example
While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the
user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things:
* In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before
looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print
information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real
init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped.
* In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the
child before exec'ing.
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
pty.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals
sem_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7)
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2)
Chema Gonzalez
tcp_abc was removed in 3.9
xattr.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link
to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip.
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD
Michael Kerrisk
Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload
Michael Kerrisk
Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache
zdump.8
Jakub Wilk
Add OPTIONS section heading
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ====================
Released: 2017-07-13, London
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org>
Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se>
Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com>
Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com>
DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com>
Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com>
Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com>
Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com>
Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com>
石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
ioctl_getfsmap.2
Darrick J. Wong
Document the GETFSMAP ioctl
Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a
(disk-based) filesystem.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
namespaces.7
Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk]
Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd'
chmod.2
Michael Kerrisk
Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod()
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared
Michael Kerrisk
Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field
The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via
epoll_ctl().
get_mempolicy.2
Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen]
SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy()
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051
getpid.2
Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk
Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25
Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed.
Rationale given in the release notes:
https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
ioctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2)
ioctl_getfsmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix ordering of sections
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: order alphabetically
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(),
but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX.
membarrier.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting
mount.2
NeilBrown
Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND
MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point
flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it,
uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a
per-filesystem flag.
So the sections of per-mount-point flags and
MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified.
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2()
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error
seccomp.2
Mike Frysinger
Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code'
Michael Kerrisk
TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64
sigaltstack.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability
In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris
ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack()
implementation:
if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE)
return (set_errno(EINVAL));
And in the FreeBSD source we find similar:
if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0)
return (EINVAL);
Michael Kerrisk
Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK
Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym
for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK.
And it was not needed :-(.
Michael Kerrisk
Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them
Michael Kerrisk
Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss'
Michael Kerrisk
Some minor reworking of the text
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error
splice.2
tee.2
vmsplice.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pipe(7)
splice.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid()
acosh.3
asinh.3
atanh.3
Alex Henrie
Remove C89 designation.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319
bsd_signal.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26
dl_iterate_phdr.3
Michael Kerrisk
dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded
dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are
loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded
(the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for
understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue.
Michael Kerrisk
Expand the code example, and show sample output
Michael Kerrisk
List values for the 'p_type' field
dlsym.3
Michael Kerrisk
_GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions
flockfile.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
fpathconf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
Michael Kerrisk
Add an errors section
Michael Kerrisk
Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF
The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details.
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121.
getaddrinfo.3
Quentin Rameau
Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo()
The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h.
getcontext.3
Carlos O'Donell
Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'.
getgrent.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements
grantpt.3
ptsname.3
unlockpt.3
Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk]
Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24
if_nametoindex.3
Douglas Caetano dos Santos
Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex()
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26
nl_langinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l()
posix_madvise.3
Dr. Tobias Quathamer
Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a
corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX.
See https://bugs.debian.org/865699
ptsname.3
Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar]
Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL
rand.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r()
resolver.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery()
sigpause.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements
sigwait.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes
strtol.3
Heinrich Schuchardt
Mention 0X prefix
The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X.
See ISO/IEC 9899:1999.
sysconf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov]
Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details.
Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov
who noted that the man page falsely said that errno
is not changed on a successful return.
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955
Michael Kerrisk
Add ERRORS section
ttyslot.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix error in feature test macro requirements
Michael Kerrisk
Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file
unlocked_stdio.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3)
nsswitch.conf.5
DJ Delorie
Clarify group merge rules
This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done,
and how duplicate entries are merged.
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable
Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996.
slabinfo.5
Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin]
SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files
tmpfs.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2)
Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis]
Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8)
cgroup_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add some further explanation of the example shell session
Michael Kerrisk
Fix a bug in shell session example
inode.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK()
man.7
G. Branden Robinson
Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
sigevent.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention signal.h header file
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg]
Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711
Michael Kerrisk
read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal
(Change was in Linux 3.8.)
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps
Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps
Ruben Kerkhof
Change default value of tcp_frto
The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9
(Linux 2.6.24).
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
Carlos O'Donell
Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH.
The most recent question was here:
https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html
We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this
situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the
immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object.
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode
Michael Kerrisk
Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent
Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate
paragraph, to make it more obvious.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID
In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard
directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for
a library to be marked in this way.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add elf(5)
Michael Kerrisk
Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
Michael Kerrisk
Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode
Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5).
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ====================
Released: 2017-09-15, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de>
Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com>
Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com>
Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com>
Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu>
Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_mutex_consistent.3
Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3)
pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3)
pthread_mutexattr_init.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3)
pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3)
sysfs.5
Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard]
New page documenting the sysfs filesystem
Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out
over time.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fcntl.2
Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk
Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13
Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and
F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT.
ioctl_tty.2
Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk
Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation
kcmp.2
Cyrill Gorcunov
Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description
keyctl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller]
Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
New and changed links
---------------------
pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page
pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3
pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3
pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page
pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use consistent markup for code snippets
Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use consistent markup for code snippets
The preferred form is
.PP/.IP
.in +4n
.EX
<code>
.EE
.in
.PP/.IP
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix)
Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
Use en-dash for ranges
Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Fix misordering of sections
Michael Kerrisk
Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ldd.1
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes
add_key.2
backtrace.3
syslog.3
Michael Kerrisk
Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries
add_key.2
request_key.2
keyrings.7
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update Linux documentation pointers
chown.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options
There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the
kernel version to 4.12.
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
getrandom.2
Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t'
This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source.
getrlimit.2
Thiago Jung Bauermann
Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE
Michael Kerrisk
Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size
Michael Kerrisk
Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA
getrlimit.2
mmap.2
malloc.3
Jonas Grabber
RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7
get_robust_list.2
Michael Kerrisk
Detail the operation of robust futex lists
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID"
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3)
ioctl_getfsmap.2
Darrick J. Wong
Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag
ioctl_userfaultfd.2
Mike Rapoport
Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH
Mike Rapoport
Update uffdio_api.features description
There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero
for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features
space would like to enable.
io_submit.2
Sage Weil
Acknowledge possibility of short return
Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr'
if not all iocbs were queued at once.
ipc.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add svipc(7)
keyctl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3)
These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update kernel documentation path reference
move_pages.2
Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk]
Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13
mprotect.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar]
Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code
open.2
NeilBrown
Improve O_PATH documentation
- fstatfs is now permitted.
- ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly
- O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with
triggering the mount.
prctl.2
seccomp.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation
prctl.2
ptrace.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation
prctl.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes]
Fix an off-by-one error in example code
seccomp.2
Kees Cook
Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.]
Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345
set_tid_address.2
Elliott Hughes
Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address()
socket.2
Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor
_syscall.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE
A discussion of the nroff source of the manual
page isn't very useful...
sysfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program
Michael Kerrisk
Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7)
umount.2
NeilBrown
Revise MNT_FORCE description
MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only
MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending
transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block,
Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE.
unshare.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов]
POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG
cmsg.3
Sukadev Bhattiprolu
Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes)
crypt.3
Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk]
Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter
Konstantin Shemyak
Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx
Konstantin Shemyak
Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional
exit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes
exp2.3
Alex Henrie
Remove C89 designation
log1p.3
Alex Henrie
Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error
matherr.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty feature test macro requirements
pow10.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10()
Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc,
starting with version 2.27.
sincos.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos()
cciss.4
hpsa.4
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos]
Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14
During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been
removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with
some legacy board support.
initrd.4
proc.5
bootparam.7
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation
initrd.4
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation
intro.4
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2)
host.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross-reference to hosts(5)
locale.5
Marko Myllynen
Refer to existing locales for encoding details
Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different
explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm
proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to
existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the
exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline.
nologin.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful
proc.5
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file
This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2,
according to historic Linux repository commit log.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document removal of timer_stats file
Michael Kerrisk
Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
Michael Kerrisk
Show command used to mount /proc
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5)
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation
Benjamin Peterson
Fix path to binfmt_misc docs
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation
tzfile.5
Paul Eggert
Sync from tzdb upstream
This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the
tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate.
The new version documents version 3 format, among other things.
Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file
format" section, which should no longer be needed due to
improvements in the part of the man page.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities
Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has
file capabilities.
Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr]
Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1)
cpuset.7
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation
keyrings.7
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document description restriction for logon keys
"logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated
prefix in key descriptions.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Add pointers to kernel's documentation
Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside
security/keys for some reason.
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets
netlink.7
David Wilder
Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message
Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones]
Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3)
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined
tcp.7
Vincent Bernat
tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12
And it is completely broken.
unicode.7
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ====================
Released: 2017-11-27, Paris
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at>
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net>
Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com>
Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com>
Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com>
Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me>
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net>
Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com>
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz>
Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com>
Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com>
Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com>
Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se>
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com>
Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de>
Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com>
Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pthread_spin_init.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg,
Florian Weimer]
New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3)
pthread_spin_lock.3
Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks
Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3),
and pthread_spin_trylock(3).
smartpqi.4
Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson]
Document the smartpqi SCSI driver
veth.4
Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices
Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk.
Removed pages
-------------
infnan.3:
Michael Kerrisk
This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part
of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years
ago. Time to remove the man page.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
ioctl_userfaultfd.2
userfaultfd.2
Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport]
Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
madvise.2
Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK
Michael Kerrisk
Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting
membarrier.2
Mathieu Desnoyers
Update membarrier manpage for 4.14
Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands:
MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
memfd_create.2
Mike Kravetz
Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support
hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus
and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs
support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added.
readv.2
Christoph Hellwig
Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14
seccomp.2
Tyler Hicks
Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14
Tyler Hicks
Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14
Tyler Hicks
Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
Michael Kerrisk
Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text
Michael Kerrisk
Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14
seccomp.2
proc.5
Tyler Hicks
Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14
Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14:
/proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and
/proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged.
sigaltstack.2
Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev]
Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/locks
Oliver Ebert
Document /proc/kpagecgroup
Oliver Ebert
Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
New and changed links
---------------------
pthread_spin_destroy.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page
pthread_spin_trylock.3
pthread_spin_unlock.3
Michael Kerrisk
New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
"x86-64" predominant.
Various pages
G. Branden Robinson
Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.".
People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare",
to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be
"q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see").
In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's
still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call
one is supposed to be comparing.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent
Michael Kerrisk
Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES heading
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to new veth(4) page
Michael Kerrisk
Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()"
Michael Kerrisk
Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL
Michael Kerrisk
Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call
Michael Kerrisk
Remove a redundant paragraph
connect.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted
flock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move NFS details to a headed subsection
Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel]
Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing
fork.2
Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK
fork.2
getsid.2
setpgid.2
setsid.2
Ahmad Fatoum
Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t
fsync.2
Craig Ringer
ERRORS: add ENOSPC
getcpu.2
Michael Kerrisk
getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO
getpid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
getrandom.2
Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
ERRORS: add ENOSYS
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes]
Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes
https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409
gettid.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getpid(2)
gettimeofday.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO
ioctl_userfaultfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework version information for feature bits
io_submit.2
Goldwyn Rodrigues
Add iocb details to io_submit
Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the
fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the
io_submit() call.
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC
membarrier.2
Mathieu Desnoyers
Update example to take TSO into account
The existing example given specifically states that it focus on
x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write
ordering example, even though this scenario does not require
explicit barriers on TSO.
So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered
architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring
barriers on x86.
Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead.
Mathieu Desnoyers
Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to
reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system
configured for nohz_full.
memfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note the limit for size of 'name'
mkdir.2
Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu]
ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0
Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in
the main text.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2)
mremap.2
Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn]
Add description of old_size == 0 functionality
Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new
mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave
the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate
mapping'.
A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a
duplicate a private mapping will fail.
Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz]
BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings
Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a
follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior
for old_size==0 with shared mappings.
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat EINVAL errors as a list
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH
Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the
operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require
read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself
should require read permission.
Michael Kerrisk
Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality
Michael Kerrisk
Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3)
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file
Michael Kerrisk
Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall
Michael Kerrisk
Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat()
/path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname
Michael Kerrisk
Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page
open_by_handle_at.2
NeilBrown
Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport
NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering]
Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ
As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint
rather than a promise.
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.]
Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917
pivot_root.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
pkey_alloc.2
Breno Leitao
Fix argument order
Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very
first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero.
The second argument is the one that should specify the
page access rights.
ptrace.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1)
reboot.2
Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace
The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to
the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to
reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or
SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to
wait() in the parent process.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1)
recvmmsg.2
sendmmsg.2
Elliot Hughes
Type fixes in SYNOPSIS
[mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc
wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.]
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add numactl(8)
sched_yield.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook]
Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters
Michael Kerrisk
Document the "default" filter return action
The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter
return action values.
Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL
In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value
switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro,
SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added,
to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION.
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add strace(1)
send.2
Grégory Vander Schueren
Add EALREADY to ERRORS
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1)
shmop.2
Yubin Ruan
Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments
Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding
a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further
information about the ucontext argument.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field
sigaltstack.2
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer
Michael Kerrisk
Add explicit error handling to example code
Michael Kerrisk
Add use of sigaction() to example code
sigreturn.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel
Michael Kerrisk
glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS
splice.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson]
Use lstat() instead of stat()
It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code,
since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and
also the S_IFLNK case can also occur.
NeilBrown
Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions
Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three
functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with
respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with
the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag.
statfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current
Michael Kerrisk
Add comments describing a few filesystem types
time.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO
Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton]
Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work"
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183
userfaultfd.2
Mike Rapoport
BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK
write.2
fsync.2
close.2
NeilBrown [Jeff Layton]
Update description of error codes
Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported
to all file descriptors that might be relevant.
Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and
EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS
in particular.
abort.3
Michael Kerrisk
Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add assert(3)
backtrace_symbols_fd(3)
Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms]
backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc()
daemon.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8)
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers
Michael Kerrisk
Update error list for POSIX.1-2008
POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in
POSIX.1-2001.
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno'
Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to
a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original
text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior.
Cast the description to be about behavior further away in
time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will
cause problems with modern C libraries.
Michael Kerrisk
Add some missing errors
Michael Kerrisk
Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values)
POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with
the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather
than nonzero.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorganize the text and add some subheadings
Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better
readability. No (intentional) content changes.
Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels]
Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures
Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed
to add error numbers to the text.
Michael Kerrisk
Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path
Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default
search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when
PATH is not defined.
fexecve.3
Michael Kerrisk
O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve()
Cristian Rodríguez
fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available
Michael Kerrisk
Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2)
ffs.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll()
get_nprocs_conf.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nproc(1)
lround.3
Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt]
Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601
makedev.3
Adrian Bunk
glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h>
mallinfo.3
Jakub Wilk
Fix the example
Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to
functions that were declared in this header.
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1)
popen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3)
All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen().
pthread_detach.3
Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination
As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as
meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached
threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate
that possible misreading.
pthread_yield.3
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
setlocale.3
Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski]
The standards do not specify all of the locale categories
sockatmark.3
Seonghun Lim
Fix cruft in code example
stdio.3
Michael Kerrisk
Use proper section cross references in function list
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty reference to pc(1)
sysconf.3
Michael Kerrisk
Mention get_nprocs_conf(3)
Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
system.3
Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system()
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222
Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs
Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized
Michael Kerrisk
Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs
Michael Kerrisk
Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add some notes on systemd and core dumps
Michael Kerrisk
Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0
Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin]
RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1)
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai]
Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo
Oliver Ebert
Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap
Marcus Folkesson
Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score
Lucas Werkmeister
Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
shells.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8)
sysfs.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel
Michael Kerrisk
Add a brief description of /sys/class/net
Michael Kerrisk
Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm
Michael Kerrisk
Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
Michael Kerrisk
Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
arp.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add arpd(8)
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add captest(8)
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation
fifo.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs
hier.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7)
icmp.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8)
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64"
G. Branden Robinson
Add a use case for real minus character
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to new veth(4) page
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2)
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add reboot(2)
Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial
PID namespaces.
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3)
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann]
Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3)
user_namespaces.7
Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
Document new 340 line idmap limit
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
Simplify language around conferring capabilities
The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities"
to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities
confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's
simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process".
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ====================
Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com>
Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com>
Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com>
John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com>
QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la>
Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com>
Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
s390_sthyi.2
QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk]
New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2)
network_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page describing network namespaces
Based on content moved from namespaces(7)
vsock.7
Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk]
Document the VSOCK socket address family
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
Document cgroups v2 "thread mode"
Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option
Michael Kerrisk
Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'release_agent' mount option
Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate
Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features
Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
G. Branden Robinson
Standardize on "nonzero"
Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7).
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bpf.2
Nikolay Borisov
Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel
copy_file_range.2
Michael Kerrisk
Library support was added in glibc 2.27
Shawn Landden
glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent
Florian Weimer
EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2)
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EISDIR
Michael Kerrisk
Order ERRORS alphabetically
Michael Kerrisk
Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2)
fcntl.2
read.2
write.2
NeilBrown
Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO.
If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any
affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least.
memfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit
Michael Kerrisk
glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27
mmap.2
John Hubbard [Michael Hocko]
MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged
MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man
page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged".
John Hubbard
MAP_FIXED updated documentation
-- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in
enough detail to allow avoiding them.
-- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag.
-- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly.
mount.2
Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts
mprotect.2
pkey_alloc.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27
perf_event_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add perf(1)
pkey_alloc.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag
recvmmsg.2
sendmmsg.2
Nikola Forró
Point out that error handling is unreliable
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description
Michael Kerrisk
Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM
fgetpwent.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble
fts.3
Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar]
fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name)
fuse.4
Michael Kerrisk
Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes)
veth.4
Michael Kerrisk
Add network_namespaces(7)
sysfs.5
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP
Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for
the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets.
Michael Kerrisk
Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command
The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP
Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary
capabilities on a file.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and
effective sets.
Michael Kerrisk
Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description
* Mention kernel versions.
* Place current kernel behavior first
Michael Kerrisk
SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set
Michael Kerrisk
Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies
Michael Kerrisk
Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation
Michael Kerrisk
Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file
Michael Kerrisk
Add list of currently available version 2 controllers
Nikolay Borisov
Add information about RDMA controller
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control
Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules
Michael Kerrisk
systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only
Michael Kerrisk
Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1
Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control
ip.7
Ricardo Biehl Pasquali
INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr'
Michael Kerrisk
s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl()
INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not
byte-order neutral.
namespaces.7
network_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7)
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri]
Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads
The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new
priority depends on the direction of movement in priority.
(This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of
pthread_setschedprio().)
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation
==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ====================
Released: 2018-04-30, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de>
Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch>
Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com>
Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
membarrier.2
Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16
Document the following membarrier commands introduced in
Linux 4.16:
MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
(the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an
alias to preserve header backward compatibility)
MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
mmap.2
Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk]
Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC
Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn]
Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag
4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows
the caller to atomically probe for a given address range.
readv.2
io_submit.2
Jürg Billeter
Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe file capability versioning
Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
Document namespaced-file capabilities
[There's still more work to be done on this new text]
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bpf.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF
And note kernel version numbers where support is added.
Michael Kerrisk
Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and
forces bpf_jit_enable to 1.
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading
This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out
explicitly.
Michael Kerrisk
More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph
fallocate.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace*
io_submit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags
Michael Kerrisk
Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order
mmap.2
Jann Horn
MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved
Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address
range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't
be used otherwise.
Michael Kerrisk
Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES
This text has become rather long, making it somewhat
unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore,
move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring
the reader to NOTES.
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned
Michael Kerrisk
Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice
Michael Kerrisk
Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors
As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared
with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4.
msgget.2
semget.2
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk
The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object
This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0
could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function
open.2
Jann Horn
Document more -ETXTBSY conditions
Jakub Wilk
Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code
perf_event_open.2
Song Liu
Add type kprobe and uprobe
Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to
perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or
uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds
information about these types.
ptrace.2
Jann Horn
Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section
The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for
PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of
PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as
usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section
describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the
PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become
harder to understand.
readv.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant sentence
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process
On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each
architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers,
which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers
over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to
execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs.
Michael Kerrisk
Note which architectures support seccomp BPF
Michael Kerrisk
In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT
shutdown.2
Carsten Grohmann
SEE ALSO: add close(2)
syscall.2
Adam Borowski
Add riscv
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process)
wait4.2
Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares]
Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4()
These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215
crypt.3
encrypt.3
Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk]
Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT
The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the
case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to
libxcrypt.
fseek.3
Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen]
ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE
Michael Kerrisk
Improve EPIPE error text
getcwd.3
Carlos O'Donell
Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27.
makedev.3
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros
pthread_create.3
Frederic Brault
Note default thread stack size for several architectures
tsearch.3
Jann Horn
Clarify items vs nodes
The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data
item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the
corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a
pointer to a pointer to the data item.
Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying
sentence.
Jann Horn
tdelete() can return dangling pointers
POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to
return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by
returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node.
Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers
that must not be accessed.
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1)
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add an entry for tmpfs(5)
group.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vigr(8)
passwd.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vipw(8)
sysfs.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs
tmpfs.5
Mike Frysinger
Document current mount options
Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page.
Style was based on proc(5) sections.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options
The mount options are now described in this page.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists
Michael Kerrisk
Describe 'mpol' mount options
Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
Document 'huge' mount options
Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Document mpol=local mount option
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov]
Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks
When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to
the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID
should be compared. This point was already made clear in
ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page.
Michael Kerrisk
Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
/proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first
child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment.
network_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross reference to unix(7)
For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets.
posixoptions.7
Carlos O'Donell
Expand XSI Options groups
We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX
and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups.
The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced
realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing,
streams, and legacy interfaces.
Michael Kerrisk
Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists
Michael Kerrisk
Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered
Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and
remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered.
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet
The last argument is passed by value, not reference.
time.7
Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia]
Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday()
gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead
the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS
vdso.7
Michael Kerrisk
VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters
xattr.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add selinux(8)
ld.so.8
Mike Frysinger
Make lack of separator escaping explicit
Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods
(such as \:) to workaround it.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH
This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text.
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.00 ====================
Released: 2019-03-06, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Manzanares <adam.manzanares@wdc.com>
Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com>
Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
Alessandro Vesely <vesely@tana.it>
Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>
Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Anatoly Borodin <anatoly.borodin@gmail.com>
Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Andreas Westfeld <andreas.westfeld@htw-dresden.de>
Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Andrew Price <andy@andrewprice.me.uk>
Anthony Iliopoulos <ailiopoulos@suse.com>
Antonio Chirizzi <antonio.chirizzi@gmail.com>
Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it>
Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
bert hubert <bert.hubert@powerdns.com>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Burkhard Lück <lueck@hube-lueck.de>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com>
Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Daniel Kamil Kozar <dkk089@gmail.com>
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
David Newall <glibc@davidnewall.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
Emil Fihlman <emil.fihlman@gmail.com>
Enrico Scholz <enrico.scholz@sigma-chemnitz.de>
Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr>
Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Felipe Gasper <felipe@felipegasper.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Frank Theile <ftheile@grundfos.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.de>
Göran Häggsjö <goran.haggsjo@icloud.com>
Harry Mallon <hjmallon@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Henry Wilson <henry.wilson@acentic.com>
Hiroya Ito <hiroyan@gmail.com>
Howard Johnson <hj@HowardJohnson.name>
Ian Turner <iturner@janestreet.com>
Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
James Weigle <jtweigle@uchicago.edu>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Johannes Altmanninger <aclopte@gmail.com>
Johannes Liebermann <johanan.liebermann@gmail.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
Joseph Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
Josh Gao <jmgao@google.com>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson@gmail.com>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Konst Mayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
Leah Hanson <lhanson@pivotal.io>
Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
Luka Macan <Luka.Macan@fer.hr>
Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Marcus Gelderie <marcus.gelderie@gmail.com>
Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Mark Schott <schottm@google.com>
Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
Matthew Kilgore <mattkilgore12@gmail.com>
Mattias Engdegård <mattiase@acm.org>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Michael Becker <mjbecker@web.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Mike Weilgart <mike.weilgart@verticalsysadmin.com>
Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
Nick Gregory <ghost@capsule8.com>
Niklas Hambüchen <mail@nh2.me>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
nixiaoming <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
Oded Elisha <oded123456@gmail.com>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Paul Millar <paul.millar@desy.de>
Philip Dumont <phil@solidstatescientific.com>
Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Radostin Stoyanov <rstoyanov1@gmail.com>
Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org>
Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
ruschein <ruschein@protonmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
snyh <snyh@snyh.org>
Solal Pirelli <solal.pirelli@gmail.com>
Stan Schwertly <stan@schwertly.com>
Stephan Knauss <linux@stephans-server.de>
Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
Thomas Posch <kernel.org@online.posch.name>
Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Troy Engel <troyengel@gmail.com>
Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws>
Tycho Kirchner <tychokirchner@mail.de>
Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
s390_guarded_storage.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
New page documenting s390_guarded_storage(2) s390-specific system call
address_families.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
New page that contains details of socket address families
There is too much detail in socket(2). Move most of it into
a new page instead.
bpf-helpers.7
Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann, Quentin Monnet]
Add new man page for eBPF helper functions
(autogenerated from kernel source files)
Removed Pages
-------------
mdoc.7
mdoc.samples.7
Michael Kerrisk [Ingo Schwarze]
Remove mdoc(7) and mdoc.samples(7)
groff_mdoc(7) from the groff project provides a better
equivalent of mdoc.samples(7) and the 'mandoc' project
provides a better mdoc(7). And nowadays, there are virtually
no pages in "man-pages" that use mdoc markup.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fanotify_init.2
fanotify.7
nixiaoming [Amir Goldstein, Michael Kerrisk]
Document FAN_REPORT_TID
fanotify_init.2: add new flag FAN_REPORT_TID
fanotify.7: update description of member pid in
struct fanotify_event_metadata
Amir Goldstein
Document FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM
Monitor fanotify events on the entire filesystem.
Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein]
Document FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM
io_submit.2
Adam Manzanares
Document IOCB_FLAG_IOPRIO
msgctl.2
semctl.2
shmctl.2
Davidlohr Bueso [Joe Lawrence, Michael Kerrisk]
Document STAT_ANY commands
prctl.2
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk [Michael Kerrisk]
Document PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL
sched_setattr.2
Claudio Scordino [Michael Kerrisk]
Document SCHED_FLAG_DL_OVERRUN and SCHED_FLAG_RECLAIM
socket.2
Tobias Klauser
Document AF_XDP
Document AF_XDP added in Linux 4.18.
inotify.7
Henry Wilson
Document IN_MASK_CREATE
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document SO_PASSSEC
Michael Kerrisk
Document SCM_SECURITY ancillary data
New and changed links
---------------------
reallocarray.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to malloc(3)
precedence.7
Josh Triplett
Add as a redirect to operator.7
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson]
Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason, G. Branden Robinson]
Use zero‐width space in appropriate locations
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the distinction between "file descriptor" and "file description"
Various pages
Mike Rapoport
Update paths for in-kernel memory management documentation files
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Change references to '2.6.0-test*' series kernels to just '2.6.0'
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
iconv.1
Marko Myllynen
SEE ALSO: add uconv(1)
localedef.1
Howard Johnson
Note that -f and -c, are reversed from what you might expect
time.1
Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Altmanninger]
Document the -q/--quiet option
Jakub Wilk
Update bug reporting address
bpf.2
Tobias Klauser
Update JIT support list for Linux 4.18
JIT support for x86-32 was during the Linux 4.18 release cycle.
Also correct the entry for MIPS (only MIPS64 is supported).
Oded Elisha
Fix bug in example
Quentin Monnet
SEE ALSO: add bpf-helpers(7)
capget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated functions
Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated capsetp(3) and
capgetp(3); the manual page for those functions has long (at least
as far back as 2007) noted that they are deprecated.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove first paragraph, which repeats details from capabilities(7)
chroot.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention /proc/[pid]/root
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW does not count while the system is suspended
Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
On Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC counts time that the system has run since boot
Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
CLOCK_MONOTONIC does not count while the system is suspended
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL error for noncanonical clock_settime() value
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of threads and signals
The discussion is phrased in terms of signals sent using kill(2),
but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel.
Jann Horn
Pending CLONE_NEWPID prevents thread creation
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the discussion of threads and signals
And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and
"thread-directed" signals.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Add information about clone and clone2 on IA-64
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: EINVAL occurs with CLONE_NEWUSER if !CONFIG_USER_NS
connect.2
Benjamin Peterson
Document error semantics of nonblocking UNIX domain sockets
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Use the term "interest list" consistently
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the behavior when epoll_wait()-ing on an empty interest list
Michael Kerrisk
Note that epoll_wait() round robins through the set of ready descriptors
eventfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move text noting that eventfd() creates a FD earlier in the page
fcntl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Actual pipe capacity may in practice be less than nominal capacity
The number of bytes that can be written to the pipe may be less
(sometimes substantially less) than the nominal capacity.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Mention that l_sysid is not used even if present
Michael Kerrisk
Briefly explain the meaning of the 'l_sysid' field in 'struct flock'
futex.2
Benjamin Peterson
Make the example use C11 atomics rather than GCC builtins
getcpu.2
Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
getcpu() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
The glibc wrapper was added in glibc 2.29, release on 1 Feb 2019.
getgid.2
getpid.2
getuid.2
pipe.2
syscall.2
Eugene Syromiatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
Describe 2nd return value peculiarity
Some architectures (ab)use second return value register for
additional return value in some system calls. Let's describe this.
getgroups.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that a process can drop all groups with: setgroups(0, NULL)
getrlimit.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Note that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't fail
Michael Kerrisk
Resource limits are process-wide attributes shared by all threads
This was already noted in pthreads(7), but bears repeating here.
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Correct information about large limits on 32-bit architectures
gettid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Glibc provides a wrapper since version 2.30
gettimeofday.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for noncanonical 'tv' argument to settimeofday()
gettimeofday.2
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
ERRORS: EINVAL can occur if new real time is less than monotonic clock
getxattr.2
removexattr.2
setxattr.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher, Enrico Scholz]
ERRORS: replace ENOATTR with ENODATA
See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201995
inotify_add_watch.2
Paul Millar
Add IN_ONLYDIR based error
Henry Wilson
Note errors that can occur for IN_MASK_CREATE
io_submit.2
Jeff Moyer
Fix the description of aio_data
aio_data is not a kernel-internal field.
madvise.2
Michal Hocko [Niklas Hambüchen]
MADV_FREE clarify swapless behavior
memfd_create.2
Marc-André Lureau
Update hugetlb file-sealing support
Lucas De Marchi
Fix header for memfd_create()
Joseph C. Sible
_GNU_SOURCE is required
mmap.2
Elliott Hughes
Explicitly state that the fd can be closed
Jann Horn [Michal Hocko, William Kucharski]
Fix description of treatment of the hint
The current manpage reads as if the kernel will always pick a free
space close to the requested address, but that's not the case.
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clearly distinguish per-mount-point vs per-superblock mount flags
Michael Kerrisk
MS_SILENT is ignored when changing propagation type
Michael Kerrisk
Attempts to change MS_SILENT setting during remount are silently ignored
Michael Kerrisk [Harry Mallon]
Document EROFS for read-only filesystems
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200649
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that per-superblock flags are shared during remount
Michael Kerrisk
Remove crufty sentence about MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT
Michael Kerrisk
Mention /proc/PID/mountinfo
Many people are unaware of the /proc/PID/mountinfo file. Provide
a helpful clue here.
Michael Kerrisk
Mandatory locking also now requires CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
Add MS_STRICTATIME to list of flags that can be used in remount
Michael Kerrisk
EACCES: note some reasons why a filesystem may be read-only
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
msgop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the capability description for msgsnd() EACCESS error
nfsservctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section noting that this system call no longer exists
open.2
Lucas Werkmeister
Document ENXIO for sockets
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify a special use case of O_NONBLOCK for devices
Eugene Syromiatnikov
Mention presence of unused O_RSYNC definition
O_RSYNC is defined in <asm/fcntl.h> on HP PA-RISC, but is not
used anyway.
Eugene Syromiatnikov
Document FASYNC usage in Linux UAPI headers
Andrew Price
Remove O_DIRECT-related quotation
Remove a section that adds no benefit to the discussion of O_DIRECT.
Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
Clarify that O_NONBLOCK has no effect on poll/epoll/select
perf_event_open.2
Vince Weaver [Wang Nan]
Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl
The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl was introduced in Linux 4.7.
Vince Weaver
Fix wording in multiplexing description
Vince Weaver
Clarify exclude_idle
Vince Weaver
Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF ioctl
Vince Weaver
Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl
Vince Weaver
Fix prctl behavior description
pivot_root.2
Elvira Khabirova
Explain the initramfs case and point to switch_root(8)
Joseph Sible [Joseph C. Sible]
Document EINVAL if root is rootfs
pkey_alloc.2
Michael Kerrisk [Szabolcs Nagy]
Switch to glibc prototype in SYNOPSIS
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that poll() and ppoll() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
posix_fadvise.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Describe the difference between fadvise64/fadvise64_64
prctl.2
Benjamin Peterson
PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE may now be used as many times as desired
Michael Kerrisk
Add some further historical details on PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
Explain the circumstances in which the parent-death signal is sent
Michael Kerrisk
Rework the PR_SET_PDEATHSIG description a little, for easier readability
Michael Kerrisk
Add additional info on PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
The signal is process directed and the siginfo_t->si_pid
filed contains the PID of the terminating parent.
Michael Kerrisk
Note libcap(3) APIs for operating on ambient capability set
(However, the libcap APIs do not yet seem to have
manual pages...)
Michael Kerrisk
Mention libcap APIs for operating on capability bounding set
ptrace.2
Dmitry V. Levin
Do not say that PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work
Jann Horn
BUGS: ptrace() may set errno to zero
readdir.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Fix struct old_linux_dirent in accordance with current definition
readv.2
Xiao Yang [Florian Weimer]
Fix wrong errno for an unknown flag
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.28 adds library support for renameat2()
Tobias Klauser
Add feature test macro for renameat2()
The glibc wrapper for renameat2() was added in glibc 2.28 and
requires _GNU_SOURCE.
Eugene Syromiatnikov
Some additional notes regarding RENAME_WHITEOUT
Lucas Werkmeister [Michael Kerrisk]
Add kernel versions for RENAME_NOREPLACE support
Michael Kerrisk
Rework list of supported filesystems for RENAME_NOREPLACE
Tobias Klauser
renameat2() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
s390_runtime_instr.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Add a note about runtime_instr.h availability
s390_sthyi.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Heiko Carstens]
Some minor additions
sched_setattr.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a bit more detail for SCHED_DEADLINE
sched_setparam.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that scheduling parameters are per-thread (not per-process)
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
(Briefly) document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_SPEC_ALLOW
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bpfc(1)
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: the use of value-result arguments is a design bug
Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
Note that select() and pselect() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk [Antonio Chirizzi]
Diagnose inet_aton() errors with simple fprintf() (not perror())
setgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
When joining a user namespace, it must be a descendant user namespace
Michael Kerrisk
Note capability requirements for changing PID namespace
Note capability requirements for changing network, IPC, or UTS namespace
Note capability requirements for changing cgroup namespace
Michael Kerrisk
Some text restructuring and reordering
set_thread_area.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Mention related prctl() requests in SEE ALSO
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Mention that get_thread_area() is also Linux-specific
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Describe set_thread_area()/get_thread_area() on m68k/MIPS
setuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
sigaction.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
Describe obsolete usage of struct sigcontext as signal handler argument
sigsuspend.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that sigsuspend() suspends the calling *thread*
socket.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove references to external docs
This information is all in the new address_families(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross reference to address_families(7)
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Reinstate AF_VSOCK mention
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify list of address families
Remove many of the details that are in address_families(7)
Nikola Forró
Remove notes concerning AF_ALG and AF_XDP
All address families are now documented in address_families.7.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some more obscure protocols from address family list
The list of address families in this page is still
overwhelmingly long. So let's shorten it.
The removed entries are all in address_families(7).
Michael Kerrisk
Remove a few obsolete protocols
Documentation for these remains in address_families(7)
socketpair.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Note that AF_TIPC also supports socketpair(2)
Introduced by Linux commit v4.12-rc1~64^3~304^2~1.
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alessandro Vesely]
ERRORS: ENOENT can occur where a path component is a dangling symlink
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=909789
Benjamin Peterson
SEE ALSO: add statx(2)
statx.2
Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
statx() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
syscall.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
Elaborate x32 ABI specifics
snyh
Fix wrong retval register number in alpha architecture
Helge Deller
parisc needs care with syscall parameters
Michael Kerrisk
Rework table to render within 80 columns
syscalls.2
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Change example of a thin syscall wrapper to chdir()
As truncate(3) should dispatch between truncate/truncate64,
as noted later in the page.
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
Update syscall table
Added: arc_gettls, arc_settls, arc_usr_cmpxchg, arch_prctl,
atomic_barrier, atomic_cmpxchg_32, bfin_spinlock, breakpoint,
clone2, cmpxchg, cmpxchg_badaddr, dma_memcpy, execv, get_tls,
getdomainname, getdtablesize, gethostname, getxgid, getxpid,
getxuid, metag_get_tls, metag_set_fpu_flags,metag_set_tls,
metag_set_global_bit, newfstatat, old_adjtimex, oldumount,
or1k_atomic, pread, pwrite, riscv_flush_icache,
sched_get_affinity, sched_set_affinity, set_tls, setaltroot,
sethae, setpgrp, spill, sram_alloc, sram_free, swapcontext,
switch_endian, sys_debug_setcontext, syscall, sysmips, timerfd,
usr26, usr32, xtensa.
Uncommented: memory_ordering
Renamed: ppc_rtas to rtas (__NR_rtas), ppc_swapcontext to
swapcontext (__NR_swapcontext).
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Note about s390x and old_mmap
Michael Kerrisk
Add s390_guarded_storage(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Update syscall list for Linux 4.18
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Note that not all architectures return errno negated
Helge Deller
parisc Linux does not any longer emulate HP-UX
Michael Kerrisk
Comment out details of a few system calls that only ever briefly existed
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
Same EINVAL errors as for clone(2) can also occur with unshare(2)
Tycho Andersen
Note EINVAL when unsharing pid ns twice
The kernel doesn't allow unsharing a pid NS if it has
previously been unshared.
ustat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Starting with version 2.28, glibc no longer provides a wrapper function
vmsplice.2
Andrei Vagin
Note that vmsplice can splice pages from pipe to memory
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add some cross references to core(5)
write.2
Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
RETURN VALUE: clarify details of partial write and
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197961
Goldwyn Rodrigues
Add details on partial direct I/O writes
alloca.3
Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
Prevent any misunderstanding about when allocated memory is released
bsd_signal.3
Xiao Yang
Fix the wrong version of _POSIX_C_SOURCE
bstring.3
Michael Kerrisk [Emil Fihlman]
Correct argument list for memmem() prototype
cmsg.3
Michael Kerrisk
Explain zero-initialization requirement for CMSG_NXTHDR()
Michael Kerrisk
Remove out of place mention of MSG_CTRUNC
This detail is covered in recvmsg(2), and now also in unix(7).
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CMSG_FIRSTHDR can return NULL
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unnecessary 'fdptr' intermediate variable in example code
des_crypt.3
encrypt.3
Michael Kerrisk
The functions described in these pages are removed in glibc 2.28
dlsym.3
Michael Kerrisk
Describe a case where a symbol value may be NULL
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
Mention that errno(1) is part of the 'moreutils' package
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
Note that SPARC provides an execv() system call
exit.3
Mike Frysinger
Note wider sysexits.h availability
ferror.3
Elliot Hughes
Warn about closing the result of fileno()
fnmatch.3
Elliott Hughes
Clarify "shell wildcard pattern"
getaddrinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis]
Fix off-by-one error in example client program
getcwd.3
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text on use of getcwd() system call
Make it clear that all of the library functions described on this
page will use the getcwd() system call if it is present.
Michael Kerrisk
Add details on the getcwd() syscall and how it used by libc functions
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder the text describing "(unreachable)" being returned by getcwd()
getmntent.3
Elliot Hughes
Clarify that endmntent() should be used rather than fclose()
isatty.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Most non-tty files nowadays result in the error ENOTTY
Historically, at least FIFOs and pipes yielded the error EINVAL.
lockf.3
Ian Turner
ERRORS: add EINTR
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to glibc MallocInternals wiki
Michael Kerrisk
Note that calloc() detects overflow when multiplying its arguments
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.29, reallocarray() is exposed by defining _DEFAULT_SOURCE
Info gleaned from glibc NEWS file.
pthread_attr_init.3
Michael Kerrisk [Göran Häggsjö, Jakub Wilk]
Use correct printf() specifier for "size_t" in example program
pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
Carlos O'Donell
Remove bug notes
pthread_setname_np.3
Jakub Wilk
Explain _np suffix
Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np"
suffix is because these functions are non-portable.
putenv.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note a glibc extension: putenv("NAME") removes an environment variable
resolver.3
Michael Becker
Add documentation of res_nclose()
strcmp.3
Heinrich Schuchardt
Clarify that strcmp() is not locale aware
strcpy.3
Matthew Kilgore
Fix example code for strncpy, which could pass an incorrect length
Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
Use "destination" consistently (instead of "target" sometimes)
strfry.3
Keith Thompson
Remove incorrect reference to rand(3)
string.3
strlen.3
strnlen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Use 'bytes' not 'characters'
This is in line with POSIX terminology.
system.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Use '(char *) NULL' rather than '(char *) 0'
Michael Kerrisk
Note that system() can fail for the same reasons as fork(2)
Arkadiusz Drabczyk
Mention that 'errno' is set on error
termios.3
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Note an XTABS alpha issue
trunc.3
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Benton, G. Branden Robinson]
Make the description a little clearer
Michael Kerrisk
Emphasize that the return value is a floating-point number
xcrypt.3
Jason A. Donenfeld
Warn folks not to use these functions
lirc.4
Sean Young
Fix broken link
Sean Young
Document error returns more explicitly
Sean Young
lirc.h include file is in /usr/include/linux/lirc.h
Sean Young [Alec Leamas, Mauro Carvalho Chehab]
Remove ioctls and feature bits which were never implemented
Sean Young
Unsupported ioctl() operations always return ENOTTY
Sean Young
LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE has been replaced by LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE
Sean Young
Document remaining ioctl (LIRC_GET_REC_TIMEOUT)
Now all ioctls are documented.
Sean Young
Timeout reports are enabled by default
Sean Young
Some devices are send only
Sean Young
Update SEE ALSO
Sean Young
LIRC_CAN_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE was never supported
No driver ever supported such a thing.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the description LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT
tty.4
Michael Witten
Add `vcs(4)' and `pty(7)' to the `SEE ALSO' section
vcs.4
Mattias Engdegård [Michael Witten]
Fix broken example code
core.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross reference to vdso(7) where "virtual DSO" is mentioned
filesystems.5
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Mention sysfs(2)
host.conf.5
Nikola Forró
Clarify glibc versions in which spoof options were removed
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk [Philip Dumont]
Document /proc/[tid]
See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201441
Michael Kerrisk
Add an overview section describing the groups of files under /proc
Keno Fischer [Robert O'Callahan]
Correct description of NStgid
Lucas Werkmeister
Document fdinfo format for timerfd
Stephan Knauss
Mention /proc/uptime includes time spent in suspend
Michael Kerrisk
Reword /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd field descriptions as a hanging list
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add htop(1) and pstree(1)
fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show() fetches time using
ktime_get_boottime which includes the time spent in suspend.
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/status CoreDumping field
Michael Kerrisk
Mention choom(1) in discussion of /proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj
Michael Kerrisk
Add a few details on /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/meminfo KReclaimable field
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how to determine top-most mount in /proc/PID/mountinfo
Explain how to determine the top-most mount at a particular
location by inspecting /proc/PID/mountinfo.
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Remove bogus suggestion to use cat(1) to read files containing '\0'
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to mount(2) for explanation of mount vs superblock options
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of /proc/PID/* ownership to account for user namespaces
Elvira Khabirova
Describe ambiguities in /proc/<pid>/maps
Michael Kerrisk [Nick Gregory]
Since Linux 4.5, "stack:" is no longer shown in /proc/PID/maps
Nikola Forró
Document /proc/[pid]/status Speculation_Store_Bypass field
Alan Jenkins
Vmalloc information is no longer calculated (Linux 4.4)
Michael Kerrisk [Alexander E. Patrakov, Jakub Wilk, Michael Kerrisk]
Use 'tr '\000' '\n' to display contents of /proc/PID/environ
Michael Kerrisk
Setting dumpable to 1 reverts ownership of /proc/PID/* to effective IDs
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/meminfo LazyFree field
Michael Kerrisk
Fix kernel source pathname for soft-dirty documentation
Michael Kerrisk
/proc/[pid]/status VmPMD field was removed in Linux 4.15
resolv.conf.5
Nikola Forró
Document no-reload (RES_NPRELOAD) option
tzfile.5
Paul Eggert
Sync from tzdb upstream
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Fix some imprecisions in discussion of namespaced file capabilities
The file UID does not come into play when creating a v3
security.capability extended attribute.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that v3 security.attributes are transparently created/retrieved
Michael Kerrisk
Improve the discussion of when file capabilities are ignored
The text stated that the execve() capability transitions are not
performed for the same reasons that setuid and setgid mode bits
may be ignored (as described in execve(2)). But, that's not quite
correct: rather, the file capability sets are treated as empty
for the purpose of the capability transition calculations.
Michael Kerrisk
Rework bounding set as per-thread set in transformation rules
Michael Kerrisk
Substantially rework "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
Rework for improved clarity, and also to include missing details
on the case where (1) the binary that is being executed has
capabilities attached and (2) the real user ID of the process is
not 0 (root) and (3) the effective user ID of the process is 0
(root).
Marcus Gelderie
Add details about SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
The description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is misleading about the
effects on the effective capabilities of a process during a
switch to nonzero UIDs. The effective set is cleared based on
the effective UID switching to a nonzero value, even if
SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is set. However, with this bit set, the
effective and permitted sets are not cleared if the real and
saved set-user-ID are set to nonzero values.
Marcus Gelderie
Mention header for SECBIT constants
Mention that the named constants (SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS and others)
are available only if the linux/securebits.h user-space header
is included.
Michael Kerrisk
Add text introducing bounding set along with other capability sets
Michael Kerrisk [Allison Randal]
Update URL for location of POSIX.1e draft standard
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_CHROOT allows use of setns() to change the mount namespace
Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier]
Ambient capabilities do not trigger secure-execution mode
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subsection on per-user-namespace "set-user-ID-root" programs
Michael Kerrisk
Rework discussion of exec and UID 0, correcting a couple of details
Clarify the "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
section, and correct a couple of details:
* If a process with rUID == 0 && eUID != 0 does an exec,
the process will nevertheless gain effective capabilities
if the file effective bit is set.
* Set-UID-root programs only confer a full set of capabilities
if the binary does not also have attached capabilities.
Michael Kerrisk
Update URL for libcap tarballs
The previous location does not seem to be getting updated.
(For example, at the time of this commit, libcap-2.26
had been out for two months, but was not present at
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify which capability sets capset(2) and capget(2) apply to
capset(2) and capget(2) apply operate only on the permitted,
effective, and inheritable process capability sets.
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
Michael Kerrisk
Add background details on capability transformations during execve(2)
Add background details on ambient and bounding set when
discussing capability transformations during execve(2).
Michael Kerrisk
Document the 'no_file_caps' kernel command-line option
cgroup_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Troy Engel]
Clarify the example by making an implied detail more explicit.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201047
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add more detail on v2 'cpu' controller and realtime threads
Explicitly note the scheduling policies that are relevant for the
v2 'cpu' controller.
Michael Kerrisk
Document the use of 'cgroup_no_v1=named' to disable v1 named hierarchies
This feature was added in Linux 5.0.
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Weilgart]
Complete partial sentence re kernel boot options and 'nsdelegate'
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201029
Michael Kerrisk
Reframe the text on delegation to include more details about cgroups v1
Michael Kerrisk [Leah Hanson]
Rework discussion of writing to cgroup.type file
In particular, it is possible to write "threaded" to a
cgroup.type file if the current type is "domain threaded".
Previously, the text had implied that this was not possible.
Michael Kerrisk [Balbir Singh, Marcus Gelderie]
Soften the discussion about delegation in cgroups v1
Balbir pointed out that v1 delegation was not an accidental
feature.
epoll.7
Michael Kerrisk
Introduce the terms "interest list" and "ready list"
Michael Kerrisk
Consistently use the term "interest list" rather than "epoll set"
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat Q&A list
Michael Kerrisk
Note that edge-triggered notification wakes up only one waiter
Note a useful performance benefit of EPOLLET: ensuring that
only one of multiple waiters (in epoll_wait()) is woken
up when a file descriptor becomes ready.
Michael Kerrisk
Expand the discussion of the implications of file descriptor duplication
In particular, note that it may be difficult for an application
to know about the existence of duplicate file descriptors.
feature_test_macros.7
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Westfeld]
Add more detail on why FTMs must be defined before including any header
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Paul Millar]
Note ENOTDIR error that can occur for IN_ONLYDIR
Note ENOTDIR error that occurs when requesting a watch on a
nondirectory with IN_ONLYDIR.
ip.7
Bert Hubert
IP_RECVTTL error fixed
I need to get the TTL of UDP datagrams from userspace, so I set
the IP_RECVTTL socket option. And as promised by ip.7, I then get
IP_TTL messages from recvfrom. However, unlike what the manpage
promises, the TTL field gets passed as a 32 bit integer.
man.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: remove mdoc.samples(7)
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
List factors that may pin a namespace into existence
Various factors may pin a namespace into existence, even when it
has no member processes.
Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Kirchner]
Briefly explain why CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to create nonuser namespaces
Michael Kerrisk
Mention ioctl(2) in discussion of namespaces APIs
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pam_namespace(8)
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the semantics for the adoption of orphaned processes
Because of setns() semantics, the parent of a process may reside
in the outer PID namespace. If that parent terminates, then the
child is adopted by the "init" in the outer PID namespace (rather
than the "init" of the PID namespace of the child).
Michael Kerrisk
Note a detail of /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children behavior
After clone(CLONE_NEWPID), /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children is empty
until the first child is created. Verified by experiment.
Michael Kerrisk
Note that a process can do unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) only once
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
In the kernel source SCHED_OTHER is actually called SCHED_NORMAL
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ps(1) and top(1)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chcpu(1), lscpu(1)
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
Clarify that sigsuspend() and pause() suspend the calling *thread*
Helge Deller
Add signal numbers for parisc
Michael Kerrisk
Unify signal lists into a signal table that embeds standards info
Having the signals listed in three different tables reduces
readability, and would require more table splits if future
standards specify other signals.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder the architectures in the signal number lists
x86 and ARM are the most common architectures, but currently
are in the second subfield in the signal number lists.
Instead, swap that info with subfield 1, so the most
common architectures are first in the list.
Michael Kerrisk
Place signal numbers in a separate table
The current tables of signal information are unwieldy,
as they try to cram in too much information.
Michael Kerrisk
Insert standards info into tables
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add clone(2)
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to unix(7) for information on SO_PASSSEC
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add address_families(7)
socket.7
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Move text describing SO_PEERCRED from socket(7) to unix(7)
This is, AFAIK, an option specific to UNIX domain sockets, so
place it in unix(7).
tcp.7
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to socket(7) noting existence of further socket options
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance the description of SCM_RIGHTS
The existing description is rather thin. More can be said.
Michael Kerrisk
There is a limit on the size of the file descriptor array for SCM_RIGHTS
The limit is defined in the kernel as SCM_MAX_FD (253).
Michael Kerrisk
Rework SO_PEERCRED text for greater clarity
Michael Kerrisk [Felipe Gasper]
Clarify SO_PASSCRED behavior
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note that SO_PASSCRED provides SCM_CREDENTIALS messages
Michael Kerrisk
If the buffer to receive SCM_RIGHTS FDs is too small, FDs are closed
Michael Kerrisk
One must send at least one byte of real data with ancillary data
Michael Kerrisk
Ancillary data forms a barrier when receiving on a stream socket
Michael Kerrisk
When sending ancillary data, only one item of each type may be sent
Michael Kerrisk
Improve wording describing socket option argument/return values
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify treatment of incoming ancillary data if 'msg_control' is NULL
Michael Kerrisk
Note behavior if buffer to receive ancillary data is too small
Michael Kerrisk
Fix a minor imprecision in description of SCM_CREDENTIALS
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to socket(7) for information about SO_PEEK_OFF
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rework terminology describing ownership of nonuser namespaces
Prefer the word "owns" rather than "associated with" when
describing the relationship between user namespaces and non-user
namespaces. The existing text used a mix of the two terms, with
"associated with" being predominant, but to my ear, describing the
relationship as "ownership" is more comprehensible.
vdso.7
Helge Deller
Fix parisc gateway page description
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, David Newall]
Document the --preload command-line option added in glibc 2.30
Michael Kerrisk
Note delimiters for 'list' in --audit and --inhibit-rpath
Michael Kerrisk
Place OPTIONS in alphabetical order
Michael Kerrisk
LD_PRELOAD-ed objects are added to link map in left-to-right order
zdump.8
Paul Eggert
Sync from tzdb upstream
zic.8
Paul Eggert
Sync from tzdb upstream
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.01 ====================
Released: 2019-05-09, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Abhinav Upadhyay <er.abhinav.upadhyay@gmail.com>
Andreas Korb <andreas.d.korb@gmail.com>
Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Dr. Jürgen Sauermann <mail@xn--jrgen-sauermann-zvb.de>
Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
Elias Benali <stackptr@users.sourceforge.net>
Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Hugues Evrard <hevrard@google.com>
Jakub Nowak <jakub.jakub.nowak@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Keegan Saunders <keeganwsaunders@gmail.com>
Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
Marcus Huewe <suse-tux@gmx.de>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
Seth Troisi <sethtroisi@google.com>
Slavomir Kaslev <kaslevs@vmware.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Wladimir Mutel <muwlgr@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
tsearch.3
Florian Weimer [Michael Kerrisk]
Document the twalk_r() function added in glibc 2.30
New and changed links
---------------------
twalk_r.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to twalk(3) page
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
accept.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'addrlen' is left unchanged in the event of an error
See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=836.
bpf.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update kernel version info for JIT compiler
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Nowak]
CLONE_CHILD_SETTID has effect before clone() returns *in the child*
CLONE_CHILD_SETTID may not have had effect by the time clone()
returns in the parent, which could be relevant if the
CLONE_VM flag is employed. The relevant kernel code is in
schedule_tail(), which is called in ret_from_fork()
in the child.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203105
execve.2
exec.3
Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann]
Consistently use the term 'pathname' (not 'path')
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that stack+environ size is also limited to 3/4 of _STK_LIM
In fs/exec.c::prepare_arg_pages(), we have:
limit = _STK_LIM / 4 * 3;
limit = min(limit, bprm->rlim_stack.rlim_cur / 4);
Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann]
SEE ALSO: refer to exec(3) (rather than execl(3))
pipe.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'pipefd' is left unchanged in the event of an error
See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=467.
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk [Brice Goglin]
Correct details of return value of sched_getaffinity() syscall
setfsgid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid() for details
Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid(2) for the
rationale of the fsGID rather than repeating the same details
in this page.
setfsuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite for improved clarity and to hint history more explicitly
The current text reads somewhat clumsily. Rewrite it to introduce
the eUID and fsUID in parallel, and more clearly hint at the
historical rationale for the fsUID, which is detailed lower in
the page.
socketpair.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'sv' is left unchanged in the event of an error
See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=483.
splice.2
Slavomir Kaslev
EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Korb]
Remove crufty text about i386 syscall dispatch table
The removed text long ago ceased to be accurate. Nowadays, the
dispatch table is autogenerated when building the kernel (via
the kernel makefile, arch/x86/entry/syscalls/Makefile).
tee.2
Slavomir Kaslev
EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors
fopen.3
Elliot Hughes
Explain BSD vs glibc "a+" difference
Where is the initial read position for an "a+" stream?
POSIX leaves this unspecified. Most BSD man pages are silent, and
MacOS has the ambiguous "The stream is positioned at the end of
the file", not differentiating between reads and writes other than
to say that fseek(3) does not affect writes. glibc's documentation
explicitly specifies that the initial read position is the
beginning of the file.
mallinfo.3
Elliott Hughes
Further discourage use of mallinfo()
The BUGS section already explains why you need to be cautious
about using mallinfo, but given the number of bug reports we see
on Android, it seems not many people are reading that far. Call it
out up front.
malloc_trim.3
Carlos O'Donell
Update trimming information
Since glibc 2.8, commit 68631c8eb92, the malloc_trim function has
iterated over all arenas and free'd back to the OS all page runs
that were free. This allows an application to call malloc_trim to
consolidate fragmented chunks and free back any pages it can to
potentially reduce RSS usage.
posix_memalign.3
Elliot Hughes
Some functions set errno
True of bionic, glibc, and musl. (I didn't check elsewhere.)
resolver.3
Michael Kerrisk [Wladimir Mutel]
Mention that some functions set 'h_errno'
stdarg.3
Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
Remove the NOTES section describing the ancient varargs macros
stdarg.h is now 30 years old, and gcc long ago (2004) ceased to
implement <varargs.h>. There seems little value in keeping this
text.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202907
Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger]
Add a note that "..." in function signature means a variadic function
Egmont suggested adding this, because the string "..." appears
at several other points in the page, but just to indicate that
some text is omitted from example code.
strerror.3
Jakub Wilk
Don't discuss buffer size for strerror_l()
Unlike strerror_r(), strerror_l() doesn't take buffer length as an
argument.
strtol.3
strtoul.3
Jakub Wilk
SEE ALSO: add strtoimax(3), strtoumax(3)
sysconf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Hugues Evrard]
Clearly note that _SC_PAGESIZE and _SC_PAGE_SIZE are synonyms
tsearch.3
Florian Weimer
Do not use const arguments in twalk() callback
The const specifier is not part of the prototype (it only applies
to the implementation), so showing it here confuses the reader.
Michael Kerrisk
SYNOPSIS: add missing definition of 'VISIT' type
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat twalk() and twalk_r() prototypes for easier readability
console_codes.4
Jakub Wilk
Document that \e[1;n] and \e[2;n] support 16 colors
Source: setterm_command() in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk [Keegan Saunders]
A data segment does not have PF_X
proc.5
Michael Witten [Anisse Astier]
Add missing Inode field to /proc/net/unix
hostname.7
Florian Weimer
HOSTALIASES/search path processing is DNS-specific
Other NSS modules do not necessarily honor these settings.
inode.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that timestamp fields measure time starting at the Epoch
Michael Kerrisk
Timestamp fields are structures that include a nanosecond component
Michael Kerrisk
Add references to execve(2) to describe set-UID/set-GID behaviors
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.02 ====================
Released: 2019-08-02, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Alexey Izbyshev <izbyshev@ispras.ru>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Finn O'Leary <finnoleary@inventati.org>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Guillaume Laporte <guillaume.laporte.adm@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Kumar Chaudhary, Naveen <naveen.kumar.chaudhary@intel.com>
Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
Matthew Kenigsberg <matthewkenigsberg@gmail.com>
Matthias Hertel <Matthias.Hertel@rohde-schwarz.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Sekletar <msekleta@redhat.com>
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
Petr Vaněk <arkamar@atlas.cz>
Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>
Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu>
Thorsten Glaser <tg@mirbsd.de>
Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Tomas Skäre <tomas.skare@gmail.com>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fanotify.7
fanotify_init.2
fanotify_mark.2
Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein, Jan Kara]
Document FAN_REPORT_FID and directory modification events
vdso.7
Tobias Klauser [Palmer Dabbelt]
Document vDSO for RISCV
Renamed pages
-------------
sysvipc.7
svipc(7) is renamed to sysvipc(7).
The name sysvipc is a bit more natural, and is the name used in
/proc/sysvipc.
New and changed links
---------------------
svipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add old name of sysvipc(7) page as a link
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Change reference to svipc(7) to sysvipc(7)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
pldd.1
G. Branden Robinson [Michael Kerrisk]
Document glibc's unbreakage of tool
After a longstanding breakage, pldd now works again (glibc 2.30).
bpf.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct kernel version for JIT support on s390
chdir.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add ENOTDIR error for fchdir()
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
Since Linux 5.1, the limit on the #! line is 255 chars (rather than 127)
Shawn Landden [Michael Kerrisk]
Add more detail about Shebangs
Michael Kerrisk
Linux is not alone in ignoring the set-UID and set-GID bits for scripts
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: Add a couple of EINVAL errors for MS_MOVE
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add chroot(2) and pivot_root(2)
mprotect.2
Mark Wielaard
pkey_mprotect() acts like mprotect() if pkey is set to -1, not 0
mprotect.2
pkey_alloc.2
Mark Wielaard [Florian Weimer]
_GNU_SOURCE is required for the pkey functions.
pivot_root.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: EINVAL occurs if 'new_root' or its parent has shared propagation
Michael Kerrisk
'new_root' must be a mount point
It appears that 'new_root' may not have needed to be a mount
point on ancient kernels, but already in Linux 2.4.5 this changed.
Michael Kerrisk
'put_old' can't be a mount point with MS_SHARED propagation
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mount(2)
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alan Stern]
Note that poll() equivalent code for ppoll() is not quite equivalent
prctl.2
Yang Xu [Cyrill Gorcunov]
Correct some details for PR_SET_TIMERSLACK
setxattr.2
Finn O'Leary [Michael Kerrisk]
Add ERANGE to 'ERRORS' section
tkill.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.30 provides a wrapper for tgkill()
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify the rules for symbol resolution in a dlopen'ed object
The existing text wrongly implied that symbol look up first
occurred in the object and then in main, and did not mention
whether dependencies of main where used for symbol resolution.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify when an executable's symbols can be used for symbol resolution
The --export-dynamic linker option is not the only way that main's
global symbols may end up in the dynamic symbol table and thus be
used to satisfy symbol reference in a shared object. A symbol
may also be placed into the dynamic symbol table if ld(1)
notices a dependency in another object during the static link.
Michael Kerrisk
An object opened with RTLD_LOCAL can be promoted to RTLD_GLOBAL
Michael Kerrisk
Note that symbol use might keep a dlclose'd object in memory
Michael Kerrisk
On dlclose(), destructors are called when reference count falls to 0
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clear that RTLD_NODELETE also affects global variables
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that constructors are called only when library is first loaded
exec.3
Matthew Kenigsberg
Explain function groupings
I've found the exec man page quite difficult to read when trying
to find the behavior for a specific function. Since the names of
the functions are inline and the order of the descriptions isn't
clear, it's hard to find which paragraphs apply to each function.
I thought it would be much easier to read if the grouping based on
letters is stated.
getutent.3
Michael Kerrisk [Thorsten Glaser]
Fix missing include file in EXAMPLE
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=932382
on_exit.3
Michael Kerrisk [Sami Kerola]
Stack variables may be out of scope when exit handler is invoked
strcat.3
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis]
Fix off-by-one error in example code
cpuid.4
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add cpuid(1)
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ld.so(8)
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Correct description of /proc/PID/status 'ShdPnd' and 'SigPnd' fields
These fields are signal masks, not counters.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that various mask fields in /proc/PID/status are in hexadecimal
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a note about using strace on binaries that have capabilities
Michael Kerrisk
Add pivot_root(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN list
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_FOWNER also allows modifying user xattrs on sticky directories
cgroup_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Some wording fixes to improve clarity
Michael Kerrisk
In the example shell session, give second shell a different prompt
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that /proc/PID/status shows a process's credentials
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add tcgetsid(3)
fanotify.7
Matthew Bobrowski
Reword FAN_REPORT_FID data structure inclusion semantics
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify logic in ESTALE check
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder text in EXAMPLE
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat program output to fit in 80 columns
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify implications for other NS if mount point is removed in one NS
If a mount point is deleted or renamed or removed in one mount
namespace, this will cause an object that is mounted at that
location in another mount namespace to be unmounted (as verified
by experiment). This was implied by the existing text, but it is
better to make this detail explicit.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2), pivot_root(8)
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note initial values of hostname and domainname in a new UTS namespace
sched.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_getschedparam(3)
signal.7
Michal Sekletar [Oleg Nesterov, Michael Kerrisk]
Clarify that siginfo_t isn't changed on coalescing
Michael Kerrisk
Various fields in /proc/PID/status show signal-related information
Michael Kerrisk
Add subsection on queuing and delivery semantics for standard signals
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
select()/poll()/epoll honor SO_RCVLOWAT since Linux 2.6.28
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note SCM_RIGHTS interaction with RLIMIT_NOFILE
If the file descriptors received in SCM_RIGHTS would cause
the process to its exceed RLIMIT_NOFILE limit, the excess
FDs are discarded.
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe the effect of file-related capabilities inside user namespaces
Michael Kerrisk
Describe how kernel treats UIDs/GIDs when a process accesses files
vdso.7
Tobias Klauser
Mention removal of Blackfin port in Linux 4.17
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Hertel]
Note some further details of secure-execution mode
Note some further details of the treatment of environment
variables in secure execution mode. In particular (as noted by
Matthias Hertel), note that ignored environment variables are also
stripped from the environment. Furthermore, there are some other
variables, not used by the dynamic linker itself, that are also
treated in this way (see the glibc source file
sysdeps/generic/unsecvars.h).
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.03 ====================
Released: 2019-10-11, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
Christopher M. Riedl <cmr@informatik.wtf>
Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Dave Carroll <david.carroll@microsemi.com>
Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
eponymous alias <eponymousalias@yahoo.com>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Florin Blanaru <florin.blanaru96@gmail.com>
Gilbert Wu <gilbert.wu@microsemi.com>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Kevin Barnett <kevin.barnett@microsemi.com>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Matti Moell <Matti.Moell@opensynergy.com>
Matti Möll <Matti.Moell@opensynergy.com>
Matt Perricone <matt.perricone@microsemi.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Murthy Bhat <Murthy.Bhat@microsemi.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
nilsocket <nilsocket@gmail.com>
Paul Wise <pabs3@bonedaddy.net>
Philipp Wendler <ml@philippwendler.de>
Raphael Moreira Zinsly <rzinsly@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reid Priedhorsky <reidpr@lanl.gov>
Rick Stanley <rstanley@rsiny.com>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Scott Benesh <scott.benesh@microsemi.com>
Scott Teel <scott.teel@microsemi.com>
Shawn Anastasio <shawn@anastas.io>
Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
pidfd_open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Florian Weimer, Daniel Colascione]
New page documenting pidfd_open(2)
pidfd_send_signal.2
Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Christian Brauner]
New page documenting pidfd_send_signal(2)
pivot_root.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Reid Priedhorsky, Philipp Wendler]
This page has been completely rewritten, adding a lot of missing
details (including the use of pivot_root(".", ".")) and an example
program. In addition, the text prevaricating on whether or not
pivot_root() might change the root and current working directories has
been eliminated, and replaced with a simple description of the behavior
of the system call, which has not changed for 19 years, and will not
change in the future. Many longstanding errors in the old version of
the page have also been corrected.
ipc_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page with content migrated from namespaces(7)
uts_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
New page with content migrated from namespaces(7)
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clone.2
Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_PIDFD
Add an entry for CLONE_PIDFD. This flag is available starting
with kernel 5.2. If specified, a process file descriptor
("pidfd") referring to the child process will be returned in
the ptid argument.
fanotify_mark.2
Jakub Wilk
Document FAN_MOVE_SELF
ptrace.2
Dmitry V. Levin [Michael Kerrisk]
Document PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO
regex.3
Rob Landley
Document REG_STARTEND
New and changed links
---------------------
res_nclose.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add NEW link to resolver.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: correct list order
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove section number from references to function in its own page
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: correct alphabetical order
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
localedef.1
Marko Myllynen
Describe recently added options
Describe few recently added options (present in glibc-2.29).
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pidfd_open(2)
copy_file_range.2
Amir Goldstein [Dave Chinner]
Kernel v5.3 updates
fanotify_mark.2
Jakub Wilk
Add kernel version numbers for some FAN_* constants
getdomainname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add mention of UTS namespaces
gethostname.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Mention UTS namespaces
io_submit.2
Matti Moell [Matti Möll]
Fix kernel version numbers for 'aio_rw_flags' flags
kill.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
mmap.2
Nikola Forró
Fix EINVAL conditions
Since introduction of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, in case flags contain
both MAP_PRIVATE and MAP_SHARED, mmap() doesn't fail with EINVAL,
it succeeds.
The reason for that is that MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE is in fact equal
to MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SHARED.
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk [Reid Priedhorsky]
Describe the concept of "parent mounts"
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: add subsection heading for /proc/[pid]/{mounts,mountinfo}
Michael Kerrisk
Rework the text on mount namespaces a little
Eliminate the term "Per-process namespaces" and add a reference
to mount_namespaces(7).
move_pages.2
Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk]
Mark E2BIG as deprecated
E2BIG was removed in 2.6.29, we should mark it as deprecated.
perf_event_open.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Budankov]
SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL returns value as function result
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that PR_MCE_KILL_GET returns value via function result
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that PR_GET_FP_MODE returns value as function result
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: add some missing entries
Note success return for PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_FP_MODE.
rt_sigqueueinfo.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'si_code' can't be specified as SI_KERNEL
Michael Kerrisk
The rules for 'si_code' don't apply when sending a signal to oneself
The restriction on what values may be specified in 'si_code'
apply only when sending a signal to a process other than the
caller itself.
Michael Kerrisk
Rename 'uinfo' argument to 'info'
This is more consistent with the naming in other pages
that refer to a 'siginfo_t' structure.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
RETURN VALUE: sched_getaffinity() syscall differs from the wrapper
setns.2
Mike Frysinger
Fix CLONE_NEWNS restriction info
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
signalfd.2
Andrew Clayton, Michael Kerrisk
Note about interactions with epoll & fork
statx.2
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
Clarify details of a case where an invalid 'mask' value may be rejected
syscall.2
Shawn Anastasio
Add information for powerpc64
Michael Kerrisk [Adam Borowski, Florin Blanaru]
Update name of syscall instruction for riscv
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add fsconfig(), fsmount(), fsopen(), fspick(), move_mount(), open_tree()
Michael Kerrisk [(), Michael(), Kerrisk(),]
Add new syscalls in 5.1
Add io_uring_enter(), io_uring_register(), io_uring_setup(), and
pidfd_send_signal().
Michael Kerrisk
Add clone3() and pidfd_open()
uname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Replace reference to namespaces(7) with reference to uts_namespaces(7)
errno.3
Rasmus Villemoes
Add some comments on EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK and EDEADLK/EDEADLOCK
fexecve.3
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
ENOSYS occurs only if the kernel provides no execveat() syscall
Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
ERRORS: add ENOENT
getauxval.3
Raphael Moreira Zinsly
Add new cache geometry entries
printf.3
Vincent Lefevre
Add detail on the first digit with the %e format
pthread_setcancelstate.3
pthreads.7
signal-safety.7
Carlos O'Donell
Describe issues with cancellation points in signal handlers
strtok.3
Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias]
Correct description of use of 'saveptr' argument in strtok_r()
Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias]
The caller should not modify 'saveptr' between strtok_r() calls
Michael Kerrisk
Add portability note for strtok_r() '*saveptr' value
On some implementations, '*saveptr' must be NULL on first call
to strtok_r().
smartpqi.4
Murthy Bhat [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh]
Add sysfs entries
Gilbert Wu [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh]
Add module param expose ld first
Dave Carroll [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh]
Add module param to hide vsep
core.5
Paul Wise
Explain the new situation with argument splitting
Things changed in Linux v5.3-rc3 commit 315c69261dd3 from
splitting after template expansion to splitting beforehand.
resolv.conf.5
Nikola Forró
Update information about search list
Since glibc 2.26, the number of domains in the search list is
no longer limited.
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate and enhance the text on semantic newlines
Michael Kerrisk [Paul Wise]
Paragraphs should not be separated by blank lines
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how a namespace's mount point list is initialized
Provide a more detailed explanation of the initialization of
the mount point list in a new mount namespace.
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Clarify description of "less privileged" mount namespaces
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: refer to example in pivot_root(2)
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
It may be desirable to disable propagation after creating a namespace
After creating a new mount namespace, it may be desirable to
disable mount propagation. Give the reader a more explicit
hint about this.
mq_overview.7
sysvipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ipc_namespaces(7)
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove content migrated to new ipc_namespaces(7) page
Michael Kerrisk
Remove content migrated to uts_namespaces(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Include manual page references in the summary table of namespace types
Make the page more compact by removing the stub subsections that
list the manual pages for the namespace types. And while we're
here, add an explanation of the table columns.
operator.7
Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley]
Prefix and postfix ++/-- have different precedences
Harbison and Steele also agree on this.
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Enhance the text on process-directed and thread-directed signals
clone(2) has a good description of these concepts; borrow
from it liberally.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Improve explanation of meaning of ownership of nonuser namespaces
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.04 ====================
Released: 2019-11-19, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Andrew Price <anprice@redhat.com>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Kenigbolo Meya Stephen <kenigbol@ut.ee>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>
Robert Edmonds <edmonds@debian.org>
Silviu Popescu <silviupopescu1990@gmail.com>
Torin Carey <torin@tcarey.uk>
Witold Baryluk <witold.baryluk@gmail.com>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jakub Wilk]
Document clone3()
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add P_PIDFD for waiting on a child referred to by a PID file descriptor
bpf-helpers.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refresh against kernel v5.4-rc7
New and changed links
---------------------
clone3.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to clone(2)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rename arguments for consistency with clone3()
Make the names of the clone() arguments the same as the fields
in the clone3() 'args' struct:
ctid ==> child_pid
ptid ==> parent_tid
newtls ==> tld
child_stack ==> stack
Michael Kerrisk
Consistently order paragraphs for CLONE_NEW* flags
Sometimes the descriptions of these flags mentioned the
corresponding section 7 namespace manual page and then the
required capabilities, and sometimes the order was the was
the reverse. Make it consistent.
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jann Horn]
EXAMPLE: Allocate child's stack using mmap(2) rather than malloc(3)
Christian Brauner suggested mmap(MAP_STACK), rather than
malloc(), as the canonical way of allocating a stack for the
child of clone(), and Jann Horn noted some reasons why
(MAP_STACK exists elsewhere, and mmap() returns a page-aligned
block of memory, which is useful if we want to set up a guard
page at the end of the stack).
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
Tidy up the description of CLONE_DETACHED
The obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag has never been properly
documented, but now the discussion CLONE_PIDFD also requires
mention of CLONE_DETACHED. So, properly document CLONE_DETACHED,
and mention its interactions with CLONE_PIDFD.
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
Give the introductory paragraph a new coat of paint
Change the text in the introductory paragraph (which was written
20 years ago) to reflect the fact that clone*() does more things
nowadays.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove wording that suggests CLONE_NEW* flags are for containers
These flags are used for implementing many other interesting
things by now.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove various details that are already covered in namespaces pages
Remove details of UTS, IPC, and network namespaces that are
already covered in the corresponding namespaces pages in section 7.
clone.2
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust references to namespaces(7)
Adjust references to namespaces(7) to be references to pages
describing specific namespace types.
fallocate.2
Andrew Price
Add gfs2 to the list of punch hole-capable filesystems
ioctl_iflags.2
Michael Kerrisk [Robert Edmonds]
Emphasize that FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_SETFLAGS argument is 'int *'
ioctl_list.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to ioctl(2) SEE ALSO section
The referenced section lists various pages that document ioctls.
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that MAP_STACK exists on some other systems
Michael Kerrisk
Some rewording of the description of MAP_STACK
Reword a little to allow for the fact that there are now
*two* reasons to consider using this flag.
pidfd_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note the waitid() use case for PID file descriptors
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subsection header "Use cases for PID file descriptors"
Michael Kerrisk
Make it a little more explicit the CLONE_PIDFD returns a PID FD
pivot_root.2
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: allocate stack using mmap() MAP_STACK rather than malloc()
quotactl.2
Yang Xu [Jan Kara]
Add some details about Q_QUOTAON
seccomp.2
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
Switch to "considerate language"
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
POLLIN_SET/POLLOUT_SET/POLLEX_SET are now defined in terms of EPOLL*
Since kernel commit a9a08845e9acbd224e4ee466f5c1275ed50054e8, the
equivalence between select() and poll()/epoll is defined in terms
of the EPOLL* constants, rather than the POLL* constants.
wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
waitid() can be used to wait on children in same process group as caller
Since Linux 5.4, idtype == P_PGID && id == 0 can be used to wait
on children in same process group as caller.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify semantics of waitpid(0, ...)
As noted in kernel commit 821cc7b0b205c0df64cce59aacc330af251fa8f7,
threads create an ambiguity: what if the calling process's PGID
is changed by another thread while waitpid(0, ...) is blocked?
So, clarify that waitpid(0, ...) means wait for children whose
PGID matches the caller's PGID at the time of the call to
waitpid().
getauxval.3
Michael Kerrisk [Witold Baryluk]
Clarify that AT_BASE_PLATFORM and AT_EXECFN return pointers to strings
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=942207
resolv.conf.5
Florian Weimer
Attempt clarify domain/search interaction
The domain directive is historic at this point; it should not
be used.
netdevice.7
Michael Kerrisk [Silviu Popescu]
Small wording fix in description of SIOCGIFCONF
SIOCGIFCONF returns "network layer" addresses (not "transport
layer").
uts_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add a little more detail on scope of UTS namespaces
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.05 ====================
Released: 2020-02-09, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Antonin Décimo <antonin.decimo@gmail.com>
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Brennan Vincent <brennan@materialize.io>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jashank Jeremy <jashank@rulingia.com.au>
Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
John Jones <jmjatlanta@gmail.com>
Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
kevin sztern <kevin.sztern@epita.fr>
Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
markus T Metzger <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Salvatore <mike.salvatore@canonical.com>
Mikhail Golubev <Mikhail.Golubev@opensynergy.com>
Nick Shipp <ns@segbrk.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Peter Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
Ponnuvel Palaniyappan <pponnuvel@gmail.com>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Weitian LI <liweitianux@live.com>
Will <cassis@tricolore.lu>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Yu Jian Wu <yujian.wu1@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
clone.2
Adrian Reber [Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk]
Add clone3() set_tid information
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND
fcntl.2
Joel Fernandes [Michael Kerrisk]
Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal
memfd_create.2
Joel Fernandes
Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal
loop.4
Yang Xu
Document LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE
Yang Xu
Document LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/unprivileged_userfaultfd
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
capget.2
Michael Kerrisk [Yang Xu]
Add missing details in EPERM error for setting inheritable capabilities
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CLONE_THREAD causes similar behavior to CLONE_PARENT
The introductory paragraphs note that "the calling process" is
normally synonymous with the "the parent process", except in the
case of CLONE_PARENT. The same is also true of CLONE_THREAD.
Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
Mention that CLONE_PARENT is off-limits for inits
Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King]
Add old EINVAL error for AArch64
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for use of CLONE_PARENT by an init process
futex.2
Ponnuvel Palaniyappan
Fix a bug in the example
listen.2
Michael Kerrisk [Peter Gajdos]
The 'somaxconn' default value has increased to 4096
modify_ldt.2
set_thread_area.2
Andy Lutomirski [Markus T Metzger]
Fix type of base_addr
move_pages.2
John Hubbard [Michal Hocko]
Remove ENOENT from the list of possible return values
open.2
Adam Borowski
No need for /proc to make an O_TMPFILE file permanent
In the example snippet, we already have the fd, thus there's no
need to refer to the file by name. And, /proc/ might be not
mounted or not accessible.
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph C. Sible]
In O_TMPFILE example, describe alternative linkat() call
This was already shown in an earlier version of the page,
but Adam Borowski's patch replaced it with an alternative.
Probably, it is better to show both possibilities.
perf_event_open.2
Daniel Colascione
Mention EINTR for perf_event_open
ptrace.2
Denys Vlasenko
PTRACE_EVENT_STOP does not always report SIGTRAP
quotactl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Don't show numeric values of Q_XQUOTAON XFS_QUOTA_?DQ_* flags
The programmer should not need to care about the numeric values,
and their inclusion is verbosity.
Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk]
Add EINVAL error of Q_XQUOTARM operation
stime.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that stime() is deprecated
syscall.2
Petr Vorel [Cyril Hrubis]
Update feature test macro requirements
sysctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
This system call was removed in Linux 5.5; adjust the page accordingly
userfaultfd.2
Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk]
Add EPERM error
cmsg.3
Rich Felker
Clarify alignment issues and correct method of accessing CMSG_DATA()
From an email by Rich Felker:
It came to my attention while reviewing possible breakage with
move to 64-bit time_t that some applications are dereferencing
data in socket control messages (particularly SCM_TIMESTAMP*)
in-place as the message type, rather than memcpy'ing it to
appropriate storage. This necessarily does not work and is not
supportable if the message contains data with greater alignment
requirement than the header. In particular, on 32-bit archs,
cmsghdr has size 12 and alignment 4, but struct timeval and
timespec may have alignment requirement 8.
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Modify CMSG_DATA() example to use memcpy()
See previous patch to this page for rationale
exit.3
Benjamin Peterson [Mike Frysinger]
Use hex for the status mask
ftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that this function is deprecated
getpt.3
Samuel Thibault
Remove mention of O_NOCTTY
The glibc implementation of getpt has actually never been setting
malloc.3
Vegard Nossum
Clarify realloc() return value
Petr Vorel
Remove duplicate _GNU_SOURCE
console_codes.4
Adam Borowski
Document \e[90m to 97, 100 to 107
Adam Borowski
\e[21m is now underline
Since 65d9982d7e523a1a8e7c9af012da0d166f72fc56 (4.17), it follows
xterm rather than common sense and consistency, being the only
command 1..9 where N+20 doesn't undo what N did. As libvte
0.51.90 got changed the same way, this behaviour will probably
stay.
Adam Borowski
Update \e[38m and \e[48m
Supported since cec5b2a97a11ade56a701e83044d0a2a984c67b4 (3.16).
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
The v2 freezer controller was added in Linux 5.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split discussion of cgroups.events file and v2 release notification
In preparation for adding a description of the "frozen" key.
Michael Kerrisk
Describe the cgroup.events "frozen" key
Michael Kerrisk
Improve the discussion of the advantages of v2 release notification
inotify.7
Nick Shipp
Merge late perror() into fprintf() in example code
netlink.7
Antonin Décimo
Fix alignment issue in example
packet.7
kevin sztern [Michael Kerrisk]
Add missing tpacket_auxdata field (tp_vlan_tpid)
rtnetlink.7
Antonin Décimo
ifa_index is an unsigned int
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
tcp_low_latency is ignored since Linux 4.14
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
The PID sent with SCM_CREDENTIALS must match an existing process
vsock.7
Mikhail Golubev [Michael Kerrisk]
Add missing structure element
The structure 'struct sockaddr_vm' has additional element
'unsigned char svm_zero[]' since version v3.9-rc1.
ldconfig.8
DJ Delorie
Document file filter and symlink pattern expectations
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.06 ====================
Released: 2020-04-11, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
André Almeida <andrealmeid@collabora.com>
Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Andrew Micallef <andrew.micallef@live.com.au>
Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
devi R.K <devi.feb27@gmail.com>
Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Eric Rannaud <e@nanocritical.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
Julia Suvorova <jusual@mail.ru>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Krzysztof Małysa <varqox@gmail.com>
Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Michael Galassi <michael@galassi.us>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Pablo M. Ronchi <pmronchi@yahoo.com.ar>
Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
openat2.2
Aleksa Sarai [Michael Kerrisk]
Document new openat2(2) syscall
pidfd_getfd.2
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
New manual page documenting the pidfd_getfd() system call
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite DESCRIPTION
Improve structure and readability, at the same time incorporating
text and details that were formerly in select_tut(2). Also
move a few details in other parts of the page into DESCRIPTION.
Michael Kerrisk
Consolidate the discussion of pselect into a headed subsection
Michael Kerrisk
Consolidate historical glibc pselect() details under one subhead
Michael Kerrisk
Consolidate info on usleep() emulation in one place
Michael Kerrisk
Place the discussion of the self-pipe technique in a headed subsection
Michael Kerrisk
Note that FD_SET() and FD_CLR() do not return errors
Michael Kerrisk
Remove details of historical #include requirements
The POSIX situation has been the norm for a long time now,
and including ancient details overcomplicates the page.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some ancient information about pre-POSIX types for 'timeout'
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk
Eliminate duplication of info across select_tut.2 and select2
There was a lot of a duplication of info in SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION
RETURN VALUE, and SEE ALSO. Move all of the info to one place:
the select(2) page.
sysvipc.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite this page as just a summary of the System V IPC APIs
All of the other details in this page have by now been moved into
the relevant *ctl(2) pages.
time_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Andrei Vagin, Dmitry Safonov, Thomas Gleixner]
New page documenting time namespaces
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
arch_prctl.2
Keno Fischer
Add ARCH_SET_CPUID subcommand
clock_getres.2
Benjamin Peterson
Document CLOCK_TAI
Michael Kerrisk
Add CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
prctl.2
Mike Christie [Michal Hocko, Michael Kerrisk, Bart Van Assche]
Document PR_SETIO_FLUSHER/GET_IO_FLUSHER
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWTIME
statx.2
Eric Biggers
Document STATX_ATTR_VERITY
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document CLONE_NEWTIME
socket.7
Ricardo Biehl Pasquali, Michael Kerrisk
Add description of SO_SELECT_ERR_QUEUE
Alejandro Colomar [Michael Kerrisk]
Document SO_TIMESTAMPNS
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove a few mentions of the ancient "Linux libc"
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Global formatting fix: disfavor nonstandard .TP indents
In many cases, these don't improve readability, and (when stacked)
they sometimes have the side effect of sometimes forcing text
to be justified within a narrow column range.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
Fix clumsy wording around "nonnegative file descriptors"
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
clock_getres.2
Helge Deller [Michael Kerrisk]
Consecutive calls for CLOCK_MONOTONIC may return same value
Consecutive calls to clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) are guaranteed
to return MONOTONIC values, which means that they either return
the *SAME* time value like the last call, or a later (higher) time
value.
Eric Rannaud
Dynamic POSIX clock devices can return other errors
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of CPU-time clocks
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk
CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE is not settable
Michael Kerrisk
Note that CPU-time clocks are not settable.
Explicitly note that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that CLOCK_TAI is nonsettable
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that CLOCK_MONOTONIC is system-wide
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for attempt to set a nonsettable clock
Michael Kerrisk
Move text in BUGS to NOTES
The fact that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable isn't a bug,
since POSIX does allow the possibility that these clocks
are not settable.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add time_namespaces(7)
clock_nanosleep.2
Michael Kerrisk
clock_nanosleep() can also sleep against CLOCK_TAI
Michael Kerrisk
clock_nanosleep() also supports CLOCK_BOOTTIME
Presumably (and from a quick glance at the source code)
since Linux 2.6.39, when CLOCK_BOOTTIME was introduced.
clock_nanosleep.2
timer_create.2
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add various missing errors
Mostly verified by testing and reading the code.
There is unfortunately quite a bit of inconsistency across API~s:
clock_gettime clock_settime clock_nanosleep timer_create timerfd_create
CLOCK_BOOTTIME y n (EINVAL) y y y
CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1]
CLOCK_MONOTONIC y n (EINVAL) y y y
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL)
CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL)
CLOCK_REALTIME y y y y y
CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1]
CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL)
CLOCK_TAI y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL)
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL)
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) n (EINVAL [2]) y n (EINVAL)
pthread_getcpuclockid() y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL)
[1] The caller must have CAP_WAKE_ALARM, or the error EPERM results.
[2] This error is generated in the glibc wrapper.
connect.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
Update the details on AF_UNSPEC
Update the details on AF_UNSPEC and circumstances in which
socket can be reconnected.
dup.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pidfd_getfd(2)
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Various minor additions and clarifications
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
A few minor additions and rewrites
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subhead for the discussion of effect on process attributes
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note that argv[argc] == NULL in the new program
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: ENOENT does not occur for missing shared libraries
See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12241.
_exit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that raw _exit() system call terminates only the calling thread
inotify_add_watch.2
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: add reference to example in inotify(7)
io_submit.2
Julia Suvorova
Add IOCB_CMD_POLL opcode
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox]
ERRORS: ENXIO can also occur SEEK_DATA in middle of hole at end of file
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
Incorporate some (ancient) comments about MADV_HUGEPAGE
Back in 2011, a mail from Andrea Arcangeli noted some details
that I never got round to incorporating into the manual page.
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subhead for the 'flags' argument
Michael Kerrisk
Move some text hidden at the end of DESCRIPTION to NOTES
msgctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text)
Michael Kerrisk
Copy information on 'msqid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is relevant (only) for basename of 'pathname'
Aleksa Sarai
Add references to new openat2(2) page
Michael Kerrisk
Note EINVAL error for invalid character in basename of 'pathname'
pidfd_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Mention pidfd_getfd(2)
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk
Mention epoll(7) in the introductory paragraph
Michael Kerrisk
Improve description of EFAULT error
Michael Kerrisk
Fix description of ENOMEM error
select_tut.2
Michael Kerrisk
Adjust header file includes in example
Employ <sys/select.h>, rather than the historical header files.
semctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Copy information on 'semid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to the example in shmop(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text)
semget.2
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: add an example program
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to the semop(2) example in shmop(2)
shmctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text)
Michael Kerrisk
Note that execute permission is not needed for shmat() SHM_EXEC
Michael Kerrisk
Copy information on 'shmid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Some small improvements to the description of the 'shmid_ds' structure
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to the example in shmop(2)
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: add a pair of example programs
Add example programs demonstrating usage of shmget(2), shmat(2),
semget(2), semctl(2), and semop(2).
sigaction.2
signal.7
Zack Weinberg
Document kernel bugs in delivery of signals from CPU exceptions
stat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify definitions of timestamp fields
In particular, make it clear that atime and mtime relate to the
file *data*.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add new Linux 5.6 system calls
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the 5.x series followed 4.20
timer_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
timer_create(2) also supports CLOCK_TAI
Michael Kerrisk
Mention clock_getres(2) for further details on the various clocks
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
Note a case where timerfd_settime() can fail with ECANCELED
Michael Kerrisk [devi R.K, Thomas Gleixner]
Negative changes to CLOCK_REALTIME may cause read() to return 0
Michael Kerrisk
Rework text for EINVAL for invalid clock ID
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to clock_getres(2) for further details on the clocks
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add CLONE_NEWCGROUP and CLONE_NEWTIME to example program
exit.3
Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
Small improvement to the discussion of 'status' argument
ftok.3
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: add a reference to the example in semget(2)
getifaddrs.3
Michael Kerrisk [Michael Galassi]
EXAMPLE: remove unneeded loop variable
nl_langinfo.3
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Document era-related locale elements
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Add information about AM/PM time format locale elements
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Mention the respective strftime(3) conversion specifications
sem_init.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add references to example code in shm_open(3) and sem_wait(3)
sem_post.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add a reference to code example code in shm_open(3)
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: add some example programs
strcmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add an example program
Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Micallef, Walter Harms]
Rework text describing return value to be clearer
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the comparison is done using unsigned char
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ascii(7)
strftime.3
Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
Refer to the relevant nl_langinfo(3) items
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Expand %E and %O description
Eugene Syromyatnikov
Consistently document fall-back format string
proc.5
Mike Frysinger
Clarify /proc/[pid]/cmdline mutability
cgroups.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update list of cgroups v2 controllers
Update the list of cgroups v2 controllers (several controllers
were missing).
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subsection on cgroup v2 mount options and include 'nsdelegate'
Michael Kerrisk
Document the cgroups v2 'memory_localevents' mount option
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add time namespaces information
Michael Kerrisk
Eliminate some superfluous info from display of /proc/PID/ns links
path_resolution.7
Aleksa Sarai
Update to mention openat2(2) features
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note SCM message types for SO_TIMESTAMP and SO_TIMESTAMPNS
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
time.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add small subsection on clocks and time namespaces
unix.7
Heinrich Schuchardt
Correct example
vsock.7
Stefano Garzarella [Jorgen Hansen, Stefan Hajnoczi]
Add VMADDR_CID_LOCAL description
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.07 ====================
Released: 2020-06-09, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Achilles Gaikwad <agaikwad@redhat.com>
Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru>
Alexander Morozov <alexandermv@gmail.com>
Alexopo Seid <alexopo.ceid@gmail.com>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andrea Galbusera <gizero@gmail.com>
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Chris Lamb <lamby@debian.org>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
David Adam <zanchey@ucc.gu.uwa.edu.au>
Devin J. Pohly <djpohly@gmail.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Eric Hopper <hopper@omnifarious.org>
Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Fabien Siron <fabien.siron@epita.fr>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Gary Perkins <glperkins@lit.edu>
Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Idan Katz <idanski1@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jan Moskyto Matejka <mq@ucw.cz>
Jason Etherton <jason@ethertonltd.co.uk>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
John Marshall <John.W.Marshall@glasgow.ac.uk>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
Jürgen Sauermann <mail@juergen-sauermann.de>
Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi>
Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Kirill Smelkov <kirr@nexedi.com>
Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Léo Stefanesco <leo.lveb@gmail.com>
Li Xinhai <lixinhai.lxh@gmail.com>
Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@google.com>
Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Marco Curreli <marcocurreli@tiscali.it>
Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com>
Martin Doucha <mdoucha@suse.cz>
Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Olivier Gayot <olivier.gayot@sigexec.com>
Ondrej Slamecka <ondrej@slamecka.cz>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
Piotr Caban <piotr@codeweavers.com>
Ricardo Castano <ricardo.castano.salinas@gmail.com>
Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Richard Palethorpe <rpalethorpe@suse.com>
Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Thierry Lelegard <thierry.lelegard@canal-plus.fr>
Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de>
Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
Vincent Lefèvre <vincent-srcware@vinc17.net>
Vlad <cvazir@gmail.com>
vrafaeli@msn.com
walter harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Yang Shi <yang.shi@linux.alibaba.com>
YunQiang Su <syq@debian.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
ioctl_fslabel.2
Eric Sandeen
New page documenting filesystem get/set label ioctl(2) operations
Removed pages
-------------
ioctl_list.2
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt, Eugene Syromyatnikov]
This page was first added more than 20 years ago. Since
that time it has seen hardly any update, and is by now
very much out of date, as reported by Heinrich Schuchardt
and confirmed by Eugene Syromyatnikov.
As Heinrich says:
Man-pages like netdevices.7 or ioctl_fat.2 are what is
needed to help a user who does not want to read through the
kernel code.
If ioctl_list.2 has not been reasonably maintained since
Linux 1.3.27 and hence is not a reliable source of
information, shouldn't it be dropped?
My answer is, yes (but let's move a little info into ioctl(2)).
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
adjtimex.2
Arnd Bergmann [Richard Cochran, Michael Kerrisk]
Document clock_adjtime(2)
clock_getres.2
Richard Cochran [Michael Kerrisk]
Explain dynamic clocks
clone.2
Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk
Document the clone3() CLONE_INTO_CGROUP flag
mremap.2
Brian Geffon, Michael Kerrisk [Lokesh Gidra]
Document MREMAP_DONTUNMAP
open.2
Joseph C. Sible [Michael Kerrisk]
Document fs.protected_fifos and fs.protected_regular
prctl.2
Dave Martin
Add PR_SPEC_INDIRECT_BRANCH for SPECULATION_CTRL prctls
Dave Martin
Add PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC for SPECULATION_CTRL prctls
Dave Martin
Add PR_PAC_RESET_KEYS (arm64)
ptrace.2
Joseph C. Sible
Document PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_regular
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_fifos
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr and /proc/sys/fs/aio-nr
New and changed links
---------------------
clock_adjtime.2
Arnd Bergmann
New link to adjtimex(2)
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Retitle EXAMPLE section heading to EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES appears to be the wider majority usage across various
projects' manual pages, and is also what is used in the POSIX
manual pages.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Correct bogus POSIX.1 standards names
POSIX.1-2003 ==> POSIX.1-2001 TC1
POSIX.1-2004 ==> POSIX.1-2001 TC2
POSIX.1-2013 ==> POSIX.1-2008 TC1
POSIX.1-2016 ==> POSIX.1-2008 TC2
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add section number in page cross-reference.
Various pages
Kir Kolyshkin
Add missing commas in SEE ALSO
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove AVAILABILITY section heading
In the few pages where this heading (which is "nonstandard" within
man-pages) is used, it always immediately follows CONFORMING TO
and generally contains information related to standards. Remove
the section heading, thus incorporating AVAILABILITY into
CONFORMING TO.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove section number in page self-references
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Put SEE ALSO entries in alphabetical order
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Place SH sections in standard order
Fix various pages that deviated from the norm described in
man-pages(7).
Various "aio" pages
Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen, Jeff Moyer]
Change uses of aio_context_t to io_context_t
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
bpf.2
Peter Wu
Update enum bpf_map_type and enum bpf_prog_type
Richard Palethorpe
Change note on unprivileged access
The kernel now allows calls to bpf() without CAP_SYS_ADMIN
under some circumstances.
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for clone_args fields
Michael Kerrisk
Combine separate NOTES sections
close.2
Michael Kerrisk [Lukas Czerner, Peter Schiffer, Thierry Lelegard]
Note behavior when close() happens in a parallel thread
If one thread is blocked in an I/O system call on a file descriptor
that is closed in another thread, then the blocking system call
does not return immediately, but rather when the I/O operation
completes. This surprises some people, but is longstanding
behavior.
connect.2
Stefan Puiu
Can return EACCES because of SELinux
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Hopper]
Changes to the "dumpable" flag may change ownership of /proc/PID files
Michael Kerrisk
Improve/correct discussion of changes to dumpable flag during execve(2)
The details were not quite accurate. Defer to prctl(2)
for the more complete picture.
Nikola Forró
Clarify signal sent to the process on late failure
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add capabilities(7)
fanotify_init.2
Amir Goldstein [Matthew Bobrowski]
Move out of place entry FAN_REPORT_FID
It was inserted in the middle of the FAN_CLASS_ multi flags bit
and broke the multi flag documentation.
Michael Kerrisk [Alexander Morozov, Amir Goldstein, Jan Kara]
Remove mention of FAN_Q_OVERFLOW as an input value in 'mask'
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=198569.
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski]
Clarification about FAN_EVENT_ON_CHILD and new events
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski]
Clarification about FAN_MARK_MOUNT and FAN_REPORT_FID
getdents.2
Petr Vorel [Michael Kerrisk]
Mention glibc support for getdents64()
Support was added in glibc 2.30.
Chris Lamb
Correct linux_dirent definition in example code
It is "unsigned long" earlier up in the file
gettid.2
Michael Kerrisk [Joseph C. Sible]
Document header file and feature test macro requirements for gettid()
ioctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fslabel(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mentions of ioctl_list(2)
Michael Kerrisk
Move subsection on "ioctl structure" from ioctl_list(2) to ioctl(2)
io_setup.2
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak description of /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
mbind.2
Li Xinhai [Michael Kerrisk]
Remove note about MPOL_MF_STRICT been ignored
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Don't mark MAP_ANON as deprecated
move_pages.2
Yang Shi [Michal Hocko]
Returning positive value is a new error case
mremap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of "Segmentation fault" in EFAULT text
"Segmentation fault" (SIGSEGV) is not exactly the same thing as
EFAULT.
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder some paragraphs in NOTES
Michael Kerrisk
Move a paragraph from DESCRIPTION to NOTES
msgctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct description of 'msg_ctime' field
Verified by inspecting kernel source.
nfsservctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add nfsd(7)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Some '*at' APIs have functionality that isn't in conventional APIs
Note that another reason to use the *at() APIs is to access
'flags' functionality that is not available in the corresponding
conventional APIs.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a few more APIs to list in "Rationale for openat()..."
There have been a few more dirfd APIs added in recent times.
Michael Kerrisk
Explain ways in which a 'directory file descriptor' can be obtained
Michael Kerrisk
Add openat2() to list of APIs that take a 'dirfd' argument
openat2.2
Michael Kerrisk [Aleksa Sarai]
Various changes after feedback from Aleksa Sarai
poll.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add license to example program
prctl.2
Dave Martin
Sort prctls into alphabetical order
Dave Martin
Clarify that prctl can apply to threads
The current synopsis for prctl(2) misleadingly claims that prctl
operates on a process. Rather, some (in fact, most) prctls operate
Dave Martin [Dave Hansen]
Document removal of Intel MPX prctls
Dave Martin
Fix mis-description of thread ID values in procfs
Dave Martin
Work around bogus constant "maxsig" in PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to proc(5) for /proc/self/task/[tid]/comm
Dave Martin [Michael Kerrisk]
Add health warning
Dave Martin
Clarify the unsupported hardware case of EINVAL
rename.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add rename(1)
s390_runtime_instr.2
Heiko Carstens [Eugene Syromyatnikov, Michael Kerrisk]
Document signum argument behavior change
Document that the signum argument is ignored in newer kernels, but
that user space should pass a valid real-time signal number for
backwards compatibility.
semctl.2
Michael Kerrisk [Manfred Spraul]
Correct description of sem_ctime field
semget.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add license to example program
shmctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct 'shm_ctime' description
shmop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add license to example programs
statfs.2
Michael Kerrisk [David Adam]
Add SMB2 constant to filesystem types list
syscall.2
Dave Martin [Will Deacon]
arm64: Fix syscall number register size
Dave Martin [Russell King]
arm: Use real register names for arm/OABI
sysfs.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add proc(5) and sysfs(5)
utimensat.2
Goldwyn Rodrigues
Immutable flag returns EPERM
Linux kernel commit 337684a1746f "fs: return EPERM on immutable
inode" changed the return value of the utimensat(2) from -EACCES
to -EPERM in case of an immutable flag.
wait4.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update wait3() feature test macro requirements for changes in glibc 2.26
cexp2.3
Michael Kerrisk
Still not present in glibc 2.31
cmsg.3
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note which CMSG_* APIs are in current and upcoming POSIX
dirfd.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add openat(2)
dlsym.3
Alexander Monakov
Extend discussion of NULL symbol values
Avoid implying that use of IFUNC is the only way to produce a
symbol with NULL value. Give more scenarios how a symbol may get
NULL value, but explain that in those scenarios dlsym() will fail
with Glibc's ld.so due to an implementation inconsistency.
err.3
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLES: use EXIT_FAILURE rather than 1 as exit status
expm1.3
Michael Kerrisk
The expm1() bogus underflow floating-point exception has been fixed
See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778
Michael Kerrisk
The bogus invalid floating-point exception bug has been fixed
https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814.
fdim.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: these functions did not set errno on some architectures
https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6796
ftw.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc eventually fixed a regression in FTW_SLN behavior
For details, see:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
getauxval.3
YunQiang Su
MIPS, AT_BASE_PLATFORM passes ISA level
getdtablesize.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove redundant statement that getdtablesize() is a library function
malloc.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add 'reallocarray' in NAME
Michael Kerrisk
Add VERSIONS section noting when reallocarray() was added to glibc
newlocale.3
Michael Kerrisk [Piotr Caban]
Fix a valgrind issue in example program
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202977.
nextafter.3
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.23, these functions do set errno
See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6799.
posix_spawn.3
Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella]
Clarify by using name of steps rather than syscalls
Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella]
Document implementation using clone() since glibc 2.24
Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella]
Document POSIX_SPAWN_USEVFORK
Added a few lines about POSIX_SPAWN_USEVFORK so that it appears
clearly that since glibc 2.24, the flag has no effect.
Olivier Gayot [Adhemerval Zanella]
Document the POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID attribute
pow.3
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: pow() performance problem for some (rare) inputs has been fixed
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13932
Michael Kerrisk
Several bugs in glibc's pow() implementation were fixed in glibc 2.16
See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3866.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a subheading to mark off historical bugs that are now fixed
printf.3
Tobias Stoeckmann
Prevent signed integer overflow in example
ptsname.3
Bruno Haible
Fix description of failure behaviour of ptsname_r()
random.3
John Marshall
Change "RAND_MAX" tp "2^31-1"
scalb.3
Michael Kerrisk
These functions now correctly set errno for the EDOM and ERANGE cases
See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803
and https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6804
scalbln.3
Michael Kerrisk
These functions now correctly set errno for the ERANGE case
See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803
scanf.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jürgen Sauermann]
Clarify that 'x' specifier allows a 0x/0X prefix in input string
sem_getvalue.3
Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Galbusera]
Note that glibc's sem_getvalue() doesn't return EINVAL errors
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204273
setlogmask.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that LOG_UPTO() is included in the next POSIX release
shm_open.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add license to example programs
sincos.3
Michael Kerrisk
The glibc implementation does now give EDOM for a domain error
See https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15467
stdarg.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add vprintf(3), vscanf(3), vsyslog(3)
strcmp.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add license to example programs
strftime.3
Urs Thuermann
ISO week number can be 52, add example
y0.3
Michael Kerrisk
These functions now correctly diagnose a pole error
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6807
Michael Kerrisk
errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on underflow
https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6808
loop.4
Michael Kerrisk [Vlad]
'lo_flags' is nowadays "r/w"
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203417
veth.4
Devin J. Pohly
Add a more direct example
iproute2 allows you to specify the netns for either side of a veth
interface at creation time. Add an example of this to veth(4) so
it doesn't sound like you have to move the interfaces in a
separate step.
core.5
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Mention 'sysctl -w' as a way of changing core_pattern setting
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Note that not dumping core of an unreadable binary is a security measure
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Explain that core_pattern %e is process/thread 'comm' value
The 'comm' value is typically the same as the (possibly
truncated) executable name, but may be something different.
filesystems.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5) and xfs(5)
locale.5
Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann]
Improve description of 'first_weekday'
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version for /proc/PID/smaps VmFlags "wf" flag
Michael Kerrisk
Add "um" and "uw" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps
Michael Kerrisk
Add "mp" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version that removed /proc/PID/smaps VmFlags "nl" flag
Ian Rogers
Add "wf" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps
Michael Kerrisk
Note kernel version for /proc/PID/smaps VmFlags "dd" flag
Michael Kerrisk
Add "sf" to VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps
Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov]
Remove "mp" under VmFlags in /proc/[pid]/smaps
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Hopper]
Alert the reader that UID/GID changes can reset the "dumpable" attribute
Keno Fischer
Fix an outdated note about map_files
The restriction to CAP_SYS_ADMIN was removed from map_files in 2015.
Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann]
Better explanation of some /proc/ide fields
Michael Kerrisk
TASK_COMM_LEN limit includes the terminating '\0'
Clarify this detail in the discussion of /proc/[pid]/comm.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a detail to /proc/[pid]/comm
Note the connection to the "%e" specifier in
/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern.
securetty.5
Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann]
Improve wording of .SH one-line description
tzfile.5
Michael Kerrisk
Sync to 2020a tzdb release
From https://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2020a.
Michael Kerrisk
Explain UT abbreviation
ascii.7
Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann]
SEE ALSO: fix sort order in entries
bpf-helpers.7
Michael Kerrisk
Resync against kernel 5.7
cgroups.7
Marcus Gelderie
Mention cgroup.sane_behavior file
The cgroup.sane_behavior file returns the hard-coded value "0" and
is kept for legacy purposes. Mention this in the man-page.
Michael Kerrisk
Note the existence of the clone3() CLONE_INTO_CGROUP flag
credentials.7
Michael Kerrisk
Alert reader that UID/GID changes can affect process capabilities
Michael Kerrisk
Changes to process UIDs/GIDs can effect the "dumpable" attribute
Michael Kerrisk
Add a list of the APIs that change a process's credentials
fanotify.7
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski]
Fix fanotify_fid.c example
Michael Kerrisk
Wrap some long lines in example program
fanotify.7
fanotify_mark.2
Amir Goldstein [Matthew Bobrowski]
Clarify FAN_ONDIR in output mask
FAN_ONDIR was an input only flag before introducing
FAN_REPORT_FID. Since the introduction of FAN_REPORT_FID, it can
also be in output mask.
hier.7
Thomas Piekarski [Gary Perkins]
Updating from FHS 2.3 to 3.0
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206693
inotify.7
Michael Kerrisk [Jason Etherton]
Add missing #include in example program
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk [Martin Doucha]
Note a few more valid 'protocol' values
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204981
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add netdevice(7)
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rename EXAMPLE to EXAMPLES
Michael Kerrisk
Describe COPYRIGHT section
man-pages doesn't use COPYRIGHT sections in manual pages, but
various projects do. Make some recommendations about placement
of the section.
Michael Kerrisk
Add REPORTING BUGS section
man-pages doesn't have a REPORTING BUGS section in manual pages,
but many other projects do. Make some recommendations about
placement of that section.
Michael Kerrisk
Mention AUTHORS in summary section list
Although man-pages doesn't use AUTHORS sections, many projects do
use an AUTHORS section in their manual pages, so mention it in
man-pages to suggest some guidance on the position at which
to place that section.
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mount(8), umount(8)
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/user/max_time_namespaces
netlink.7
Michael Kerrisk [Idan Katz]
Update path for NETLINK_CONNECTOR docs in kernel source tree
Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Siron]
Note that NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG is preferred over NETLINK_INET_DIAG
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid is virtualized per PID NS
Michael Kerrisk
Correct capability requirements for write to /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed in the user NS that owns the PID NS.
rtnetlink.7
Jan Moskyto Matejka [Michael Kerrisk]
Add missing RTA_* attributes
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare]
Add some more standards
Add: SUSv4 2016 edition, POSIX.1-2017, and SUSv4 2018 edition
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of bogus "POSIX" names
The terms POSIX.1-{2003,2004,2013,2016} were inventions of
my imagination, as confirmed by consulting Geoff Clare of
The Open Group. Remove these names.
symlink.7
Michael Kerrisk
Describe differences in the treatment of symlinks in the dirname
Describe differences in the treatment of symlinks in the dirname
part of pathname.
tcp.7
Michael Kerrisk [vrafaeli@msn.com]
Update info on tcp_syn_retries default value
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202885.
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Léo Stefanesco]
Clarify that "system time" means "calendar time"
xattr.7
Achilles Gaikwad
Add attr(1) as relevant page to SEE ALSO
ldconfig.8
Florian Weimer
Mention new default for --format in glibc 2.32
zdump.8
Michael Kerrisk [Marco Curreli, Paul Eggert]
Update to latest upstream tz release
Look under "Latest version", which is 2020a.
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.08 ====================
Released: 2020-08-13, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is>
Andrew Price <anprice@redhat.com>
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Dan Kenigsberg <danken@redhat.com>
Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Diogo Miguel Ferreira Rodrigues <dmfrodrigues2000@gmail.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
John Scott <jscott@posteo.net>
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Oleksandr Kravchuk <open.source@oleksandr-kravchuk.com>
Philip Adams <mail@philipadams.org>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Saikiran Madugula <hummerbliss@gmail.com>
Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Sven Hoexter <sven@stormbind.net>
Thomas Bartelsmeier <t.bartelsmeier@gmail.com>
Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de>
victorm007@yahoo.com
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
prctl.2
Dave Martin
Add SVE prctls (arm64)
Add documentation for the PR_SVE_SET_VL and PR_SVE_GET_VL
prctls added in Linux 4.15 for arm64.
Dave Martin [Catalin Marinas]
Add tagged address ABI control prctls (arm64)
Add documentation for the PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL and
PR_GET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL prctls added in Linux 5.4 for arm64.
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document the use of PID file descriptors with setns()
Starting with Linux 5.8, setns() can take a PID file descriptor as
an argument, and move the caller into or more of the namespaces of
the thread referred to by that descriptor.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document CAP_BPF
Michael Kerrisk
Add CAP_PERFMON
symlink.7
Aleksa Sarai
Document magic links more completely
Global changes
--------------
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use \` rather than `
\` produces better rendering in PDF.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare]
Use "\(ti" instead of "~"
A naked tilde ("~") renders poorly in PDF. Instead use "\(ti",
which renders better in a PDF, and produces the same glyph
when rendering on a terminal.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare]
Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Various pages
Mike Frysinger
Drop "coding: UTF-8" header
This header is used inconsistently -- man pages are UTF-8 encoded
but not setting this marker. It's only respected by the man-db
package, and seems a bit anachronistic at this point when UTF-8
is the standard default nowadays.
Various pages
Mike Frysinger
Trim leading blank comment line
Very few pages do this, so trim them.
Various pages
Mike Frysinger
Use standard .\" comment style
The \" comment produces blank lines. Use the .\" that the vast
majority of the codebase uses instead.
Various pages
Mike Frysinger [G. Branden Robinson]
Various pages: Drop t comment header
Historically, a comment of the following form at the top of a
manual page was used to indicate too man(1) that the use of tbl(1)
was required in order to process tables:
'\" t
However, at least as far back as 2001 (according to Branden),
man-db's man(1) automatically uses tbl(1) as needed, rendering
this comment unnecessary. And indeed many existing pages in
man-pages that have tables don't have this comment at the top of
the file. So, drop the comment from those files where it is
present.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
ioctl_tty.2
Michael Kerrisk
Fix a confusing wording error in description of TIOCSPTLCK
iopl.2
Thomas Piekarski [victorm007@yahoo.com]
Updating description of permissions and disabling interrupts
Update description of permissions for port-mapped I/O set
per-thread and not per-process. Mention that iopl() can not
disable interrupts since Linux 5.5 anymore and is in general
deprecated and only provided for legacy X servers.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205317
keyctl.2
Oleksandr Kravchuk
Declare auth_key to fix a compilation error in example code
lseek.2
Andrew Price
List gfs2 support for SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for bind mount of mount namespace inode
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Say a bit more about what happens when 'mode' is wrongly omitted
pidfd_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add the setns(2) use case for PID file descriptors
Michael Kerrisk
Close the pidfd in EXAMPLE
Close the PID file descriptor in the example program, to hint to
the reader that like every other kind of file descriptor, a PID FD
should be closed.
prctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
The parent death signal is cleared on some credential changes
See kernel/cred.c::commit_creds() in the Linux 5.6 source code.
seccomp.2
Andy Lutomirski
Improve x32 and nr truncation notes
send.2
recv.2
Alyssa Ross
Add msg_iovlen POSIX note
msg_iovlen is incorrectly typed (according to POSIX) in addition
to msg_controllen, but unlike msg_controllen, this wasn't
mentioned for msg_iovlen.
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLE: use O_CLOEXEC when opening namespace file descriptor
Michael Kerrisk
It is possible to setns() to the caller's current PID namespace
The page currently incorrectly says that 'fd' must refer to
a descendant PID namespace. However, 'fd' can also refer to
the caller's current PID namespace. Verified by experiment,
and also comments in kernel/pid_namespace.c (Linux 5.8-rc1).
sync.2
Jeff Layton
syncfs() now returns errors if writeback fails
A patch has been merged for v5.8 that changes how syncfs() reports
errors. Change the sync() manpage accordingly.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add faccessat2(), added in Linux 5.8
sysctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
glibc removed support for sysctl() starting in version 2.32
atoi.3
Arkadiusz Drabczyk
Explain disadvantages of atoi()
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate BUGS section
Michael Kerrisk
Add NOTES section explaining 0 return value on error
And note that this is not specified by POSIX.
fread.3
Arkadiusz Drabczyk
Add example
Arkadiusz Drabczyk
Explain that file position is moved after calling fread()/fwrite()
Corresponding manpage on FreeBSD already contains that
information.
getpt.3
posix_openpt.3
pts.4
Michael Kerrisk
Use the term "pseudoterminal multiplexor device" for /dev/ptmx
Let's use some consistent terminology for this device.
posix_memalign.3
Bruno Haible
Clarify how to free the result of posix_memalign
pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
Carlos O'Donell [Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi]
Clarify a PTHREAD_RWLOCK_PREFER_WRITER_NP detail
queue.3
Alejandro Colomar
Remove wrong code from example
Alejandro Colomar
Comment out text for functions not in glibc (related: 6559169cac)
pts.4
Michael Kerrisk
Remove NOTES on BSD pseudoterminals
This information is already covered better in pty(7). No need to
mention it again here.
hosts.5
Thomas Bartelsmeier
Clarify capability for IPv6 outside of examples
Resolves https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=208279
proc.5
Jakub Wilk
Use "pwd -P" for printing cwd
"/bin/pwd" happens to work with the GNU coreutils implementation,
which has -P as the default, contrary to POSIX requirements.
Use "pwd -P" instead, which is shorter, easier to type, and should
work everywhere.
Arkadiusz Drabczyk
Inform that comm in /proc/pid/{stat,status} might also be truncated
pgrep for example searches for a process name in /proc/pid/status
resolv.conf.5
Michael Kerrisk [Helge Kreutzmann]
Clarify that ip6-bytestring was removed in 2.25
capabilities.7
Dan Kenigsberg
Clarify that CAP_SYS_NICE relates to *lowering* the nice value
Saikiran Madugula
CAP_SYS_RESOURCE: add two more items for POSIX message queues
CAP_SYS_RESOURCE also allows overriding /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max
and /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max.
Michael Kerrisk [Dan Kenigsberg]
Clarify wording around increasing process nice value
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add getpcaps(8)
cgroups.7
cpuset.7
Sven Hoexter
Update kernel cgroup documentation references
cgroups-v1/v2 documentation got moved to the "admin-guide" subfolder
and converted from .txt files to .rst
ip.7
Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hemminger]
Remove mention of ipfw(4) which was in long obsolete ipchains project
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add some notes on generating optimal glyphs
Getting nice renderings of ^ ` and ~ requires special
steps in the page source.
pty.7
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly mention CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS
Explicitly mention CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS, and note that it is disabled
by default since Linux 2.6.30.
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate a paragraph to NOTES
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add an entry for POSIX.1-1988
Michael Kerrisk [Geoff Clare]
Correct various details in the explanation of XPG/POSIX/SUS
ld.so.8
Florian Weimer [Michael Kerrisk]
List more places in which dynamic string tokens are expanded
This happens for more than just DT_RPATH/DT_RUNPATH.
Arkadiusz Drabczyk
Explain that empty entry in LD_LIBRARY_PATH means cwd
zic.8
Michael Kerrisk
Sync to 2020a tzdb release
From https://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2020a.
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.09 ====================
Released: 2020-11-01, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Érico Rolim <erico.erc@gmail.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Hauke Fath <hf@spg.tu-darmstadt.de>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
henrik@optoscale.no
Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Jing Peng <pj.hades@gmail.com>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Konstantin Bukin <kbukin@gmail.com>
Mark Mossberg <mark.mossberg@gmail.com>
Marko Hrastovec <marko.hrastovec@gmail.com>
Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net>
Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Simon McVittie <smcv@collabora.com>
Sridhar Samudrala <sridhar.samudrala@intel.com>
Stephen Smalley <stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com>
Steve Hilder <stevehilder@yahoo.co.uk>
Thomas Piekarski <t.piekarski@deloquencia.de>
Tony May <tony.may@mediakind.com>
Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
circleq.3
Alejandro Colomar
New page with 'circleq' content extracted from queue(3)
list.3
Alejandro Colomar
New page with 'list' content extracted from queue(3)
pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New page for pthread_attr_setsigmask_np() + pthread_attr_getsigmask_np()
Add a page documenting the pthread_attr_setsigmask_np(3) and
pthread_attr_getsigmask_np(3) functions added in glibc 2.32.
slist.3
Alejandro Colomar
New page with 'slist' content extracted from queue(3)
stailq.3
Alejandro Colomar
New page with 'stailq' content extracted from queue(3)
tailq.3
Alejandro Colomar
New page with 'tailq' content extracted from queue(3)
system_data_types.7
Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk
A new page documenting a wide range of system data types.
kernel_lockdown.7
David Howells, Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
New page documenting the Kernel Lockdown feature
queue.7
Alejandro Colomar
Create summary page for 'queue' APIs
The former queue(3) page was rather unwieldy, as it attempted to
describe too many APIs. After splitting that content out into a
number of smaller pages ( circleq.3, list.3, slist.3, stailq.3,
and tailq.3) move the much-reduced queue(3) page, which is now
essentially a summary of those APIs, from Section 3 to Section 7.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fanotify_init.2
fanotify.7
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski]
Document FAN_REPORT_DIR_FID
fanotify_init.2
fanotify.7
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski]
Document FAN_REPORT_NAME
statx.2
Ira Weiny
Add STATX_ATTR_DAX
strerror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document strerrorname_np() and strerrordesc_np()
strerrorname_np() and strerrordesc_np() were added in glibc 2.32.
strsignal.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document sigabbrev_np() and sigdescr_np().
sigabbrev_np() and sigdescr_np() were added in glibc 2.32.
loop.4
Yang Xu
Document LOOP_CONFIGURE ioctl
Yang Xu
Document LO_FLAGS_DIRECT_IO flag
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document the CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE capability added in Linux 5.9
ip.7
Stephen Smalley [Paul Moore]
Document IP_PASSSEC for UDP sockets
ip.7
socket.7
Stephen Smalley
Document SO_PEERSEC for AF_INET sockets
Sridhar Samudrala
Document SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID
socket.7
unix.7
Stephen Smalley [Serge Hallyn, Simon McVittie]
Add initial description for SO_PEERSEC
New and changed links
---------------------
aiocb.3
clock_t.3
clockid_t.3
dev_t.3
div_t.3
double_t.3
fenv_t.3
fexcept_t.3
FILE.3
float_t.3
gid_t.3
id_t.3
imaxdiv_t.3
int8_t.3
int16_t.3
int32_t.3
int64_t.3
intN_t.3
intmax_t.3
intptr_t.3
lconv.3
ldiv_t.3
lldiv_t.3
off_t.3
pid_t.3
ptrdiff_t.3
regex_t.3
regmatch_t.3
regoff_t.3
siginfo_t.3
sigset_t.3
sigval.3
size_t.3
ssize_t.3
suseconds_t.3
time_t.3
timer_t.3
timespec.3
timeval.3
uid_t.3
uint8_t.3
uint16_t.3
uint32_t.3
uint64_t.3
uintN_t.3
uintptr_t.3
va_list.3
void.3
Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk
New links to system_data_types(7)
CIRCLEQ_ENTRY.3
CIRCLEQ_HEAD.3
CIRCLEQ_INIT.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
CIRCLEQ_REMOVE.3
Alejandro Colomar
Link to the new circleq(3) page instead of queue(3)
LIST_EMPTY.3
LIST_ENTRY.3
LIST_FIRST.3
LIST_FOREACH.3
LIST_HEAD.3
LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
LIST_INIT.3
LIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3
LIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
LIST_NEXT.3
LIST_REMOVE.3
Alejandro Colomar
Link to the new list.3 page instead of queue.3
SLIST_EMPTY.3
SLIST_ENTRY.3
SLIST_FIRST.3
SLIST_FOREACH.3
SLIST_HEAD.3
SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
SLIST_INIT.3
SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
SLIST_NEXT.3
SLIST_REMOVE.3
SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3
Alejandro Colomar
Link to the new slist(3) page instead of queue(3)
STAILQ_CONCAT.3
STAILQ_EMPTY.3
STAILQ_ENTRY.3
STAILQ_FIRST.3
STAILQ_FOREACH.3
STAILQ_HEAD.3
STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
STAILQ_INIT.3
STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
STAILQ_NEXT.3
STAILQ_REMOVE.3
STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3
Alejandro Colomar
Link to the new stailq(3) page instead of queue(3)
TAILQ_CONCAT.3
TAILQ_EMPTY.3
TAILQ_ENTRY.3
TAILQ_FIRST.3
TAILQ_FOREACH.3
TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3
TAILQ_HEAD.3
TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
TAILQ_INIT.3
TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
TAILQ_LAST.3
TAILQ_NEXT.3
TAILQ_PREV.3
TAILQ_REMOVE.3
TAILQ_SWAP.3
Alejandro Colomar
Link to the new tailq(3) page instead of queue(3)
getcwd.2
mq_notify.2
mq_open.2
mq_timedreceive.2
mq_timedsend.2
mq_unlink.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reinstate links to section 3 pages that document system calls
Some of the links removed in commit 247c654385128fd0748 should
have been kept, because in some cases there are real system
calls whose wrapper functions are documented in Section 3.
queue.3
Alejandro Colomar
Link to queue(7)
sigabbrev_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to strsignal.3
sigdescr_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to strsignal.3
strerrordesc_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to strerror(3)
strerrorname_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to strerror(3)
sys_siglist.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to strsignal(3)
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Use ``sizeof`` consistently through all the examples in the
following way:
- Use the name of the variable instead of its type as argument for
``sizeof``.
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Use sizeof() to get buffer size (instead of hardcoding macro name)
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use \(aq instead of ' inside monospace fonts
Use \(aq to get an unslanted single quote inside monospace code
blocks. Using a simple ' results in a slanted quote inside PDFs.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk, Alejandro Colomar
Use C99 style to declare loop counter variables
Rather than:
sometype x;
for (x = ....; ...)
use
for (sometype x = ...; ...)
This brings the declaration and use closer together (thus aiding
readability) and also clearly indicates the scope of the loop
counter variable.
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Switch printf() casts to use [u]intmax_t + %ju / %jd
Let's move to the 21st century. Instead of casting system data
types to long/long long/etc. in printf() calls, instead cast to
intmax_t or uintmax_t, the largest available signed/unsigned
integer types.
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Omit 'int' keyword for 'short', 'long' and 'long long' types
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Remove unneeded casts
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
In printf(): s/0x%/%#/ except when followed by X instead of x
Use printf()'s '#' flag character to prepend the string "0x".
However, when the number is printed in uppercase, and the prefix
is in lowercase, the string "0x" needs to be manually written.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use C99-style declarations for readability
Rather than writing things such as:
struct sometype *x;
...
x = malloc(sizeof(*x));
let's use C99 style so that the type info is in the same line as
the allocation:
struct sometype *x = malloc(sizeof(*x));
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Cast to 'unsigned long' rather than 'long' when printing with "%lx"
stdarg.3
Alejandro Colomar
Declare variables with different types in different lines
In particular, don's mix a variable and a pointer declaration
on the same line: TYPE x, *p;
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
memusage.1
Michael Kerrisk
EXAMPLES: remove doubled calculations
The same calculations are repeated in malloc() and printf() calls.
For better readability, do the calculations once.
Michael Kerrisk
Use %zu rather than %zd when printing 'size_t' values
clock_getres.2
Alejandro Colomar
EXAMPLES: use 'const' when appropriate
Alejandro Colomar [Jakub Wilk]
Cast 'time_t' to 'int' for printf() and fix the length modifiers
Michael Kerrisk [Tony May]
Fix type and variable name in dynamic clock code example
clone.2
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE can now be used to employ 'set_tid'
epoll_ctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
epoll instances can be nested to a maximum depth of 5
This limit appears to be an off-by-one count against
EP_MAX_NESTS (4).
Michael Kerrisk
Move some version info from CONFORMING TO to VERSIONS
eventfd.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'PRIxN' macros when printing C99 fixed-width integer types
futex.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use appropriate types
getdents.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: add missing header and feature test macro
intro.2
intro.3
credentials.7
feature_test_macros.7
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add system_data_types(7)
ioctl_ns.2
stat.2
Alejandro Colomar [Konstantin Bukin]
Fix signedness of printf specifiers
membarrier.2
Alejandro Colomar
Note that glibc does not provide a wrapper
mprotect.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use "%p" rather than casting to 'long' when printing pointer values
mq_getsetattr.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'const' when appropriate
msgop.2
Yang Xu
Add restriction on ENOSYS error
open.2
Michael Kerrisk [henrik@optoscale.no]
ERRORS: add EBUSY
openat.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: return long
The Linux kernel uses long as the return type for this syscall.
As glibc provides no wrapper, use the same type the kernel uses.
open_by_handle_at.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use "%u" rather than "%d" when printing 'unsigned int' values
perf_event_open.2
Alexey Budankov
Update the man page with CAP_PERFMON related information
recv.2
send.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add cross references to pages with further info about ancillary data
sched_getattr.2
Aleksa Sarai
Update to include changed size semantics
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
Warn reader that SECCOMP_RET_TRACE can be overridden
Highlight to the reader that if another filter returns a
higher-precedence action value, then the ptracer will not
be notified.
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
Warn against the use of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
Killing a thread with SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD is very likely
to leave the rest of the process in a broken state.
Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
EXAMPLES: use SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS rather than SECCOMP_RET_KILL
Alejandro Colomar
Use ARRAY_SIZE() macro instead of raw sizeof division
setns.2
Michael Kerrisk
Correct the version for time namespace support
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar]
Use correct POSIX type for siginfo_t.si_value
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Move system calls from discontinued ports out of main syscall list
Various ports that had their own indigenous system calls have
been discontinued. Remove those system calls (none of which had
manual pages!) to a separate part of the page, to avoid
cluttering the main list of system calls.
Michael Kerrisk
Add close_range (Linux 5.9)
timerfd_create.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'PRIxN' macros when printing C99 fixed-width integer types
userfaultfd.2
Michael Kerrisk
Use a better type (uint64_t) for 'len' in EXAMPLES
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'PRIx64' rather than "%llx" when printing 64-bit fixed-width types
argz_add.3
envz_add.3
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Point out that 'error_t' is an integer type
bsearch.3
Alejandro Colomar
Fix intermediate type and remove unneeded casts
bswap.3
Jakub Wilk
Use strtoull() for parsing 64-bit numbers
dlopen.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify DT_RUNPATH/DT_RPATH details
It is the DT_RUNPATH/DT_RPATH of the calling object (not the
executable) that is relevant for the library search. Verified
by experiment.
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar]
Note that the pthreads APIs do not set errno
fopencookie.3
Alejandro Colomar
printf()'s .* expects an int; cast accordingly
Alejandro Colomar
Fix bugs in example
fread.3
Alejandro Colomar
Move ARRAY_SIZE logic into macro
freeaddrinfo.3
Marko Hrastovec
Fix memory leaks in freeaddrinfo() examples
getline.3
Alejandro Colomar
Use %zd rather than %zu when printing 'ssize_t' values
lseek64.3
Michael Kerrisk
Since glibc 2.28. the 'llseek' symbol is no longer available
mallinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
The 'usmblks' field is nowadays always 0
offsetof.3
Alejandro Colomar
Use "%zu" rather than "%zd" when printing 'size_t' values
perror.3
Michael Kerrisk
sys_errlist and sys_nerr are no longer exposed by <stdio.h>
The change came with the release of glibc 2.32.
posix_fallocate.3
Érico Rolim
Add EOPNOTSUPP error code.
psignal.3
strsignal.3
Michael Kerrisk
Consolidate information on 'sys_siglist' in one page (strsignal(3))
pthread_attr_init.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_init(3)
pthread_attr_init.3
pthread_create.3
pthread_getattr_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
Use correct type (size_t) for some variables
pthread_getattr_np.3
Alejandro Colomar
Use "%zu" and "%zx" when printing 'size_t' values
pthread_sigmask.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_setsigmask_np(3)
qsort.3
Alejandro Colomar
Fix casts
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: move code from queue.3 to stailq.3
regex.3
Alejandro Colomar
Add example program
Alejandro Colomar
Remove unnecessary include
strsignal.3
Michael Kerrisk [Hauke Fath]
Note that starting with v2.32, glibc no longer exports 'sys_siglist'
Michael Kerrisk
Further addition on version range for sys_siglist
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'sys_siglist' is nonstandard
strtod.3
Jonathan Wakely
Fix return value for underflow
strtol.3
Alejandro Colomar
EXAMPLES: simplify errno checking
Alejandro Colomar
EXAMPLES: as the default base, use special value 0
Alejandro Colomar
EXAMPLES: delimit output string using ""
tsearch.3
Alejandro Colomar
Simplify type usage and remove unneeded casts
Alejandro Colomar
Use size_t for malloc() argument
loop.4
Yang Xu
Add some details about lo_flags
core.5
Alejandro Colomar
Use adequate type
locale.5
Florian Weimer
Decimal points, thousands separators must be one character
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Update capability requirements for accessing /proc/[pid]/map_files
Jann Horn [Mark Mossberg]
Document inaccurate RSS due to SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING
Michael Kerrisk
Note "open file description" as (better) synonym for "file handle"
resolv.5
Florian Weimer
Document the trust-ad option
aio.7
Alejandro Colomar
Use perror() directly
bpf-helpers.7
Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
Resync with current kernel source
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
Under CAP_SYS_ADMIN, group "sub-capabilities" together
CAP_BPF, CAP_PERFMON, and CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE have all been
added to split out the power of CAP_SYS_ADMIN into weaker pieces.
Group all of these capabilities together in the list under
CAP_SYS_ADMIN, to make it clear that there is a pattern to these
capabilities.
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_SYS_ADMIN implies CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
But the latter, weaker capability is preferred.
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel doc reference for CAP_PERFMON
fanotify.7
Alejandro Colomar
Pass array to read(2) directly instead of a pointer to it
fanotify.7
fanotify_mark.2
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara, Matthew Bobrowski]
Generalize documentation of FAN_REPORT_FID
feature_test_macros.7
Jakub Wilk
Update list of macros that inhibit default definitions
man.7
Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson]
Clarify that alternating typeface macros print arguments without spaces
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add some more requests re code examples
Michael Kerrisk
Soften the statement that ideal programs should be short
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
A 'time_for_children' symlink can also pin a namespace
pid_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Update capability requirements for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly note that pthreads APIs return an errno-style value on error
rtld-audit.7
Florian Weimer [Carlos O'Donell]
Clarify la_version handshake
Returning its argument without further checks is almost always
wrong for la_version.
Alejandro Colomar
Use "%u" rather than "%d" when printing 'unsigned int' values
sigevent.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'sigev_notify_thread_id' is Linux-specific
socket.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7)
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.10 ====================
Released: 2020-12-21, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Arusekk <arek_koz@o2.pl>
Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Bill Allombert <ballombe@debian.org>
Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Davide Giorgio <davide@giorgiodavide.it>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jing Peng <pj.hades@gmail.com>
John A. Leuenhagen <john@zlima12.com>
Mathias Rav <m@git.strova.dk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Peter Oskolkov <posk@google.com>
Philip Rowlands <linux-kernel@dimebar.com>
Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Ross Zwisler <zwisler@chromium.org>
Sebastian Kirmayer <sebastian@kirmayer.de>
наб <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
access.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document faccessat2()
faccessat2() was added in Linux 5.8 and enables a fix to
longstanding bugs in the faccessat() wrapper function.
membarrier.2
Peter Oskolkov [Alejandro Colomar]
Update for Linux 5.10
Linux kernel commit 2a36ab717e8fe678d98f81c14a0b124712719840
(part of 5.10 release) changed sys_membarrier prototype/parameters
and added two new commands [MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_RSEQ
and MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_RSEQ].
mount.2
statfs.2
Ross Zwisler
Add NOSYMFOLLOW flags to mount(2) and statfs(2)
New and changed links
---------------------
faccessat2.2
Michael Kerrisk
New link to access.2
CIRCLEQ_EMPTY.3
CIRCLEQ_FIRST.3
CIRCLEQ_FOREACH.3
CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3
CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
CIRCLEQ_LAST.3
CIRCLEQ_LOOP_NEXT.3
CIRCLEQ_LOOP_PREV.3
CIRCLEQ_NEXT.3
CIRCLEQ_PREV.3
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing links to circleq.3
pthread_attr_getsigmask_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Use Oxford comma
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
access.2
Michael Kerrisk
BUGS: note that faccessat() wrapper function emulation ignores ACLs
bpf.2
Michael Kerrisk
Place EXAMPLES section in correct location
cacheflush.2
Alejandro Colomar
Document Architecture-specific variants
Alejandro Colomar [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Document __builtin___clear_cache() as a more portable alternative
chroot.2
memfd_create.2
tailq.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix unbalanced .nf/.fi
clock_getres.2
Michael Kerrisk
Place ERRORS in alphabetical order
clone.2
sigaltstack.2
Michael Kerrisk
clone(CLONE_VM) disables the alternate signal stack
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
State more precisely the range of kernel versions that had RLIMIT_LOCKS
getrusage.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the 'vtimes' symbol exists only up to glibc 2.32
io_cancel.2
io_destroy.2
io_getevents.2
io_setup.2
io_submit.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: s/io_context_t/aio_context_t/
Linux uses aio_context_t for these syscalls,
and it's the type provided by <linux/aio_abi.h>.
Use it in the SYNOPSIS.
libaio uses 'io_context_t', but that difference is already noted
in NOTES.
io_setup.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: return long
link.2
Mathias Rav
ERRORS: add ENOENT when target is deleted
Linux kernel commit aae8a97d3ec30788790d1720b71d76fd8eb44b73 (part
of kernel release v2.6.39) added a check to disallow creating a
hard link to an unlinked file.
llseek.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note size of 'loff_t' type
Michael Kerrisk
Point the reader to lseek64(3) for info about llseek(3)
Michael Kerrisk
Some mild rewriting to ease reading of the info in this page
mmap.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify SIGBUS text and treatment of partial page at end of a mapping
msgctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make comments in 'msqid_ds' definition more compact
Michael Kerrisk
Place list of field descriptions in same order as structure definition
Michael Kerrisk
Use field name "msg_cbytes" rather than "__msg_cbytes"
Michael Kerrisk
Add description of 'msg_cbytes' field
openat.2
Colin Ian King
Fix include path, should be linux/openat2.h
perf_event_open.2
Namhyung Kim [Alejandro Colomar]
Update man page with recent kernel changes
Alejandro Colomar
Assign calculated value explicitly to 'config'
restart_syscall.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix restart_syscall() return type
set_tid_address.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix set_tid_address() return type
shmctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
Place list of field descriptions in same order as structure definition
sigaction.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify description of SA_NODEFER
Clarify description of SA_NODEFER, and note interaction with
act.sa_mask.
Michael Kerrisk
Add a cross-reference to signal(7) for further info on 'ucontext_t'
sigaltstack.2
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that the alternate signal stack is per-thread
Clarify that the alternate signal stack is per-thread (rather
than process-wide).
spu_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add kernel version numbers for SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_SPU/_MEM
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate paragraph on 'mode' argument
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar]
Clarify that spu_create() now has 4 arguments but once had only 3
subpage_prot.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix return type: s/long/int/
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add process_madvise()
Michael Kerrisk
Note that sysctl() was removed in Linux 5.5
timer_getoverrun.2
Michael Kerrisk
timer_getoverrun() now clamps the overrun count to DELAYTIMER_MAX
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12665.
uselib.2
posix_memalign.3
profil.3
rtime.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove some text about libc/libc5
With this change, there remain almost no vestiges of information
about the long defunct Linux libc.
errno.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note another possible cause of the EMFILE error
getcontext.3
Michael Kerrisk
Mention SA_SIGINFO flag when talking about 3-argument signal handler
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add signal(7)
list.3
Michael Kerrisk
NAME: remove LIST_PREV, which is not documented in this page
lseek64.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove section numbers from interface list
Michael Kerrisk
Remove sentence saying lseek64() is an alias for llseek()
Michael Kerrisk
NOTES: describe the origin of lseek64() in LFS
nextafter.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicate "BUGS" section heading
pthread_tryjoin_np.3
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Crowe]
Note that pthread_timedjoin_np() uses CLOCK_REALTIME, but there's a bug
rcmd.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: remove intro(2)
strnlen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
Fix a small inconsistency in the text
elf.5
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add objcopy(1)
filesystems.5
Ahelenia Ziemiańska [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix link to user space tooling for ncpfs
Ahelenia Ziemiańska [Alejandro Colomar]
Note ncpfs removal from kernel
attributes.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7)
fanotify.7
Amir Goldstein [Jan Kara]
Fix outdated description
kernel_lockdown.7
Michael Kerrisk
Remove unneeded quotes
packet.7
Baruch Siach [Alejandro Colomar]
Update references to kernel documentation
pthreads.7
Michael Kerrisk
Rephrase function list in terms of POSIX rather than SUS
The list was using an inconsistent mixture of "POSIX" and "SUS".
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt, Dave Martin]
Add some details on the execution of signal handlers
Add a "big picture" of what happens when a signal handler
is invoked.
Michael Kerrisk
Add pidfd_send_signal() to list of APIs for sending signals
Michael Kerrisk
Mention 'ucontext_t' in the discussion of signal handler execution
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add swapcontext(3)
signal-safety.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note async-signal-safety details for errno
standards.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add URL for POSIX.1-2008/SUSv4
Michael Kerrisk
Add LFS (Large File Summit)
Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
Fix some URLs for locations of the standards
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate the discussion on POSIX manual pages
tcp.7
Alejandro Colomar [Philip Rowlands]
tcp_syncookies: It is now an integer [0, 2]
Since Linux kernel 3.12, tcp_syncookies can have the value 2,
which sends out cookies unconditionally.
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.11 ====================
Released: 2021-03-21, Munich
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alessandro Bono <alessandro.bono369@gmail.com>
Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is>
Bastien Roucariès <rouca@debian.org>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Ciprian Dorin Craciun <ciprian.craciun@gmail.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Dmitry Vorobev <dvorobev@cloudflare.com>
edef <edef@edef.eu>
Enke Chen <enkechen2020@gmail.com>
Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.com>
Ganimedes Colomar <gacoan.linux@gmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Johannes Pfister <johannes.pfister@josttech.ch>
Johannes Wellhöfer <johannes.wellhofer@gmail.com>
John Morris <john@zultron.com>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
Paran Lee <p4ranlee@gmail.com>
Peter H. Froehlich <peter.hans.froehlich@gmail.com>
Philipp Schuster <phip1611@gmail.com>
Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Szunti <szunti@gmail.com>
Valentin Kettner <vakevk@gmail.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Walter Franzini <walter.franzini@gmail.com>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
close_range.2
Stephen Kitt, Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
New page documenting close_range(2)
process_madvise.2
Suren Baghdasaryan, Minchan Kim [Michal Hocko, Alejandro Colomar,
Michael Kerrisk]
Document process_madvise(2)
fileno.3
Michael Kerrisk
Split fileno(3) content out of ferror(3) into new page
fileno(3) differs from the other functions in various ways.
For example, it is governed by different standards,
and can set 'errno'. Conversely, the other functions
are about examining the status of a stream, while
fileno(3) simply obtains the underlying file descriptor.
Furthermore, splitting this function out allows
for some cleaner upcoming changes in ferror(3).
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
epoll_wait.2
Willem de Bruijn [Dmitry V. Levin]
Add documentation of epoll_pwait2()
Expand the epoll_wait() page with epoll_pwait2(), an epoll_wait()
variant that takes a struct timespec to enable nanosecond
resolution timeout.
fanotify_init.2
fanotify.7
Jan Kara [Steve Grubb]
Document FAN_AUDIT flag and FAN_ENABLE_AUDIT
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add descriptions of MADV_COLD and MADV_PAGEOUT
Taken from process_madvise(2).
openat2.2
Jens Axboe
Add RESOLVE_CACHED
prctl.2
Gabriel Krisman Bertazi
Document Syscall User Dispatch
mallinfo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Document mallinfo2() and note that mallinfo() is deprecated
Document the mallinfo2() function added in glibc 2.33.
Update example program to use mallinfo2()
system_data_types.7
Alejandro Colomar
Add off64_t to system_data_types(7)
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Document the --argv0 option added in glibc 2.33
New and changed links
---------------------
epoll_pwait2.2
Dmitry V. Levin
New link to epoll_wait(2)
mallinfo2.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to mallinfo(3)
off64_t.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
Global changes
--------------
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Use 'restrict' in prototypes
This change has been completed for *all* relevant pages
(around 135 pages in total).
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar [Zack Weinberg]
Remove unused <sys/types.h>
The manual pages are already inconsistent in which headers need
to be included. Right now, not all of the types used by a
function have their required header included in the SYNOPSIS.
If we were to add the headers required by all of the types used by
functions, the SYNOPSIS would grow too much. Not only it would
grow too much, but the information there would be less precise.
Having system_data_types(7) document each type with all the
information about required includes is much more precise, and the
info is centralized so that it's much easier to maintain.
So let's document only the include required for the function
prototype, and also the ones required for the macros needed to
call the function.
<sys/types.h> only defines types, not functions or constants, so
it doesn't belong to man[23] (function) pages at all.
I ignore if some old systems had headers that required you to
include <sys/types.h> *before* them (incomplete headers), but if
so, those implementations would be broken, and those headers
should probably provide some kind of warning. I hope this is not
the case.
[mtk: Already in 2001, POSIX.1 removed the requirement to
include <sys/types.h> for many APIs, so this patch seems
well past due.]
A few pages
Alejandro Colomar
Add notes about missing glibc wrappers
_exit.2
abort.3
err.3
exit.3
pthread_exit.3
setjmp.3
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Use 'noreturn' in prototypes
Use standard C11 'noreturn' in these manual page for
functions that do not return.
Various pages
Ganimedes Colomar [Alejandro Colomar]
Normalize SYNOPSIS notes about nonexistent glibc wrappers
To easily distinguish documentation about glibc wrappers from
documentation about kernel syscalls, let's have a normalized
'Note' in the SYNOPSIS, and a further explanation in the page body
(NOTES in most of them), as already happened in many (but not all)
of the manual pages for syscalls without a wrapper. Furthermore,
let's normalize the messages, following membarrier.2 (because it's
already quite extended), so that it's easy to use grep to find
those pages.
Normalize NOTES about nonexistent glibc wrappers
This commit normalizes texts under sections other than SYNOPSIS
(most of them in NOTES).
Global changes (formatting fixes and minor edits)
-------------------------------------------------
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: remove redundant statement that 'errno' is set
This is implied in every other manual page. There is no need to
state it explicitly in these pages.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use periods more consistently inside code comments
In general, complete sentences in free-standing comments
should be terminated by periods.
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Better table formatting
In particular, allow for rendering in widths different from
(especially less than) 80 columns.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Consistency fix-up in FTMs
Generally, place '||' at start of a line, rather than the end of
the previous line.
Rationale: this placement clearly indicates that each piece
is an alternative.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar]
Bring more whitespace consistency in SYNOPSIS
The use of vertical white space in the SYNOPSIS sections
is rather inconsistent. Make it more consistent, subject to the
following heuristics:
* Prefer no blank lines between function signatures by default.
* Where many functions are defined in the SYNOPSIS, add blank
lines where needed to improve readability, possibly by using
blank lines to separate logical groups of functions.
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Consistently use 'unsigned int'
Most pages use 'unsigned int' (and the kernel too).
Make them all do so.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Various improvements in wording in RETURN VALUE
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
s/Glibc versions </Glibc </ in Feature Test Macro discussions
Use a more compact notation that will render less wide
on the terminal.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error
In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings
are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error.
There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same
thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard
wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording
used in POSIX.1.
In this change, "to indicate the cause of the error"
is changed to "to indicate the error".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing .nf/.fi in FTM info
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Simplify mark-up for Feature Test Macro requirements
Different source styles are used in different pages to achieve the
same formatted output, and in some cases the source mark-up is a
rather convoluted combination of .RS/.RE/.TP/.PD macros. Simplify
this greatly, and unify all of the pages to use more or less the
same source code style. This makes the source code rather easier
to read, and may simplify future scripted global changes.
The feature test macro info is currently bracketed by .nf/.fi
pairs. This is not strictly necessary (i.e., it makes no
difference to the rendered output), but for the moment we keep
these "brackets" in case they may be replaced with something else.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use real minus signs in pathnames
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error
In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings
are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error.
There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same
thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard
wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording
used in POSIX.1.
In this change, reword various cases saying that 'errno' is set
"appropriately" to "is set to indicate the error".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Improve formatting in ATTRIBUTES
Make the formatting more consistent inside the tables in the
ATTRIBUTES sections. Make the source code more uniform; in
particular, eliminate the use of custom tweaks using
'lbwNN'/'lwNN' and .br macros. In addition, ensure that
hyphenation and text justification do not occur inside the tables.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use .nf/.fi in SYNOPSIS
The majority of pages use .nf/.fi in SYNOPSIS, but there are
still many that don't and use .br to achieve newlines. Fix many
of those. This brings greater consistency to the pages, which
eases editing and may ease future scripted edits to the pages.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error
In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings
are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error.
There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same
thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard
wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording
used in POSIX.1.
In this change, miscellaneous descriptions of the setting
of 'errno' are reworded to the norm of "is set to indicate
the error".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use "\-" to generate real minus in circumstances where appropriate
Use \- for math formulas, pathnames, manual page cross references,
etc.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Inside code blocks (.EX/.EE) use \- to get real minus signs
A real minus can be cut and pasted...
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Remove explicit blank lines, replacing them with .PP when appropriate
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Use internally consistent continuation indents in SYNOPSIS
In the SYNOPSIS, a long function prototype may need to be
continued over to the next line. The continuation line is
indented according to the following rules:
1. If there is a single such prototype that needs to be continued,
then align the continuation line so that when the page is
rendered on a fixed-width font device (e.g., on an xterm) the
continuation line starts just below the start of the argument
list in the line above. (Exception: the indentation may be
adjusted if necessary to prevent a very long continuation line
or a further continuation line where the function prototype is
very long.)
Thus:
int tcsetattr(int fd, int optional_actions,
const struct termios *termios_p);
2. But, where multiple functions in the SYNOPSIS require
continuation lines, and the function names have different
lengths, then align all continuation lines to start in the
same column. This provides a nicer rendering in PDF output
(because the SYNOPSIS uses a variable width font where
spaces render narrower than most characters).
Thus:
int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[],
const char *optstring);
int getopt_long(int argc, char * const argv[],
const char *optstring,
const struct option *longopts, int *longindex);
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Standardize wording around setting of 'errno' on error
In the RETURN VALUE sections, a number of different wordings
are used in to describe the fact that 'errno' is set on error.
There's no reason for the difference in wordings, since the same
thing is being described in each case. Switch to a standard
wording that is the same as FreeBSD and similar to the wording
used in POSIX.1.
In this change, fix some instances stating that 'errno' is set
"appropriately" to instead say "to indicate the error".
Various System V IPC pages
Michael Kerrisk
Improve wording describing RETURN VALUE and setting of 'errno'
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
alloc_hugepages.2
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: reword to reflect that these system calls are long gone
cacheflush.2
Alejandro Colomar
Update SYNOPSIS for glibc wrapper
Glibc uses 'void *' instead of 'char *'.
And the prototype is declared in <sys/cachectl.h>.
clone.2
Valentin Kettner
Fix types in clone_args
A file descriptor is an int so it should be stored through an int
pointer while parent_tid should have the same type as child_tid
which is pid_t pointer.
close.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add close_range(2)
copy_file_range.2
Alejandro Colomar
Document glibc wrapper instead of kernel syscall
Glibc uses 'off64_t' instead of 'loff_t'.
delete_module.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types
The Linux kernel uses 'unsigned int' instead of 'int' for the
'flags' parameter. As glibc provides no wrapper, use the same
type the kernel uses.
epoll_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: mention that epoll_create1() is Linux-specific
epoll_wait.2
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: mention that epoll_pwait() is Linux-specific
execve.2
Palmer Dabbelt
Correct the versions of Linux that don't have ARG_MAX argv/envp size
execveat.2
Alejandro Colomar
Fix prototype
It's been 6 years since execveat(2) was added to the kernel,
and there's still no glibc wrapper. Let's document the kernel
syscall prototype.
getcpu.2
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar]
Rewrite page to describe glibc wrapper function
Since glibc 2.29, there is a wrapper for getcpu(2).
The wrapper has only 2 arguments, omitting the unused
third system call argument. Rework the manual page
to reflect this.
getgid.2
getuid.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that these interfaces never modify 'errno'
See https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=511
and the POSIX.1-2008 specifications of the interfaces.
gethostname.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update FTM requirements for gethostname()
getpagesize.2
getdtablesize.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update/correct FTM requirements
getrusage.2
Michael Kerrisk
Starting in 2.33, glibc no longer provides vtimes()
ioctl_tty.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat argument type information
The current mark-up renders poorly. To resolve this, move
the type information into a separate line.
ipc.2
Alejandro Colomar
Fix prototype parameter types
kcmp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Since Linux 5.12, kcmp() availability is unconditional
kcmp() is no longer dependent on CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE.
keyctl.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types
The Linux kernel uses 'unsigned long'.
There's no reason to use the typedef '__kernel_ulong_t'.
lookup_dcookie.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use standard types: u64 -> uint64_t
madvise.2
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add process_madvise(2)
mlock.2
Alejandro Colomar
mlock2(): Fix prototype parameter types
The documented prototype for mlock2() was a mix of the
glibc wrapper prototype and the kernel syscall prototype.
Let's document the glibc wrapper prototype, which is shown below.
Michael Kerrisk
CONFORMING TO: note more explicitly which APIs are in the standards
mmap2.2
Alejandro Colomar
Fix prototype parameter types
There are many slightly different prototypes for this syscall,
but none of them is like the documented one.
Of all the different prototypes,
let's document the asm-generic one.
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the 'data' argument can be NULL
move_pages.2
Alejandro Colomar
Add notes about missing glibc wrappers
open.2
rename.2
Alyssa Ross
Refer to tmpfs rather than shmem
If I'm understanding correctly, tmpfs is a filesystem built on
shmem, so I think it's more correct (and probably much more
widely understandable) to refer to tmpfs here.
pciconfig_read.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types
Use the glibc prototypes instead of the kernel ones.
Exception: use 'int' instead of 'enum'.
pidfd_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note the process_madvise(2) use case for PID file descriptors
readlink.2
Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
Emphasize that the returned buffer is not null-terminated
s390_pci_mmio_write.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Add 'const' qualifier
s390_pci_mmio_write() uses 'const void *' instead of 'void *'.
sched_setattr.2
Alejandro Colomar
Add note about missing glibc wrappers
semctl.2
Yang Xu [Alejandro Colomar, Manfred Spraul]
Correct SEM_STAT_ANY description
socketcall.2
Alejandro Colomar
Add note about missing glibc wrapper
splice.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'off64_t' instead of 'loff_t'
The kernel syscall uses 'loff_t', but the glibc wrapper uses 'off64_t'.
Let's document the wrapper prototype, as in other pages.
spu_create.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter type
The 'flags' parameter of spu_create() uses 'unsigned int'.
spu_run.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types
The 2nd and 3rd parameters of spu_run() use 'uint32_t *'.
stat.2
Jonathan Wakely [Alejandro Colomar]
Remove <unistd.h> from SYNOPSIS
There seems to be no reason <unistd.h> is shown here, so remove it.
Michael Kerrisk
Move the obsolete _BSD_SOURCE FTM to the end of the FTM info
syscall.2
Peter H. Froehlich
Update superh syscall convention
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add epoll_pwait2()
tkill.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter types
All but the last parameters of t[g]kill() use 'pid_t',
both in the kernel and glibc.
vmsplice.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype parameter type
The 3rd parameter of vmsplice() uses 'size_t' in glibc.
bstring.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add string(3)
circleq.3
list.3
slist.3
stailq.3
tailq.3
Alejandro Colomar
Improve readability, especially in SYNOPSIS
circleq.3
Alejandro Colomar
Fix CIRCLEQ_LOOP_*() return type
crypt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reformat FTM info (in preparation for next patch)
Michael Kerrisk
Update crypt() FTM requirements to note glibc 2.28 changes
ecvt.3
gcvt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update FTM requirements
error.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar, Walter Harms]
Clarify the meaning of 'status==0' for error(3)
ferror.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove fileno(3) content that was migrated to new fileno(3) page
Michael Kerrisk
Add a RETURN VALUE section
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX.1-2008: these functions won't change 'errno' if 'stream' is valid
See https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=401.
fread.3
Alessandro Bono
EXAMPLES: swap size and nmemb params
It works both ways, but this one feels more right. We are reading
four elements sizeof(*buffer) bytes each.
fseeko.3
Michael Kerrisk
Move info about obsolete FTM from SYNOPSIS to NOTES
This makes the SYNOPSIS more consistent with other pages.
ftime.3
Michael Kerrisk
glibc 2.33 has removed ftime()
ftw.3
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Remove duplicate header
gethostbyname.3
Michael Kerrisk
Move mention of <sys/socket.h> from SYNOPSIS to DESCRIPTION
The functions are all declared in <netdb.h>. <sys/socket.h> is only
needed for the AF_* constants.
gethostid.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update FTM requirements for gethostid()
get_phys_pages.3
Alejandro Colomar [Jakub Wilk]
glibc gets the info from sysinfo(2) since 2.23
grantpt.3
ptsname.3
unlockpt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED FTM
This rather ancient FTM is not mentioned in other pages for
reasons discussed in feature_test_macros(7). Remove this FTM
from the three pages where it does appear.
malloc.3
Alejandro Colomar [Johannes Pfister]
Document that realloc(p, 0) is specific to glibc and nonportable
malloc_hook.3
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Use 'volatile' in prototypes
malloc_trim.3
Dmitry Vorobev
Remove mention of free() call
'malloc_trim' was and is never called from the 'free' function.
pthread_create.3
Michael Kerrisk [Paran Lee]
Fix undeclared variable error in example program
Michael Kerrisk
Fix a signedness error in the example code
puts.3
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder functions more logically (group related functions together)
qecvt.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
setbuf.3
Michael Kerrisk
POSIX doesn't require errno to be unchanged after successful setbuf()
See https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=397#c799
setlocale.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar, Bruno Haible]
Restructure a particularly difficult sentence
simpleq.3
stailq.3
queue.7
SIMPLEQ_*.3
Alejandro Colomar
Document SIMPLEQ_*() as an alias to STAILQ_*() macros
strerror.3
Alejandro Colomar
strerrorname_np() and strerrordesc_np() first appeared on glibc 2.32
string.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add bstring(3)
system.3
Alejandro Colomar [Ciprian Dorin Craciun]
Document bug and workaround when the command name starts with a hyphen
environ.7
Bastien Roucariès
Reorder the text
Move the text describing how to set environment variable before
the list(s) of variables in order to improve readability.
Bastien Roucariès
Document convention of string in environ
Document the name=value system and that nul byte is forbidden.
Bastien Roucariès
Document that HOME, LOGNAME, SHELL, USER are set at login time
and point to the su(1) manual page.
Bastien Roucariès
Add see also ld.so(8) for LD_ variables
Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucariès]
Improve the description of PATH
Add more details of how PATH is used, and mention the legacy
use of an empty prefix.
Bastien Roucariès [Alejandro Colomar, Bastien Roucaries, Vincent Lefevre]
Document valid values of pathnames for SHELL, PAGER and EDITOR/VISUAL
Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucariès]
Note the default if PAGER is not defined
Michael Kerrisk
Be a little more precise when discussing 'exec'
Say "execve(2)" instead of "exec(3)", and note that this step
starts a new program (not a new process!).
Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucariès]
Relocate and reword the mention of _GNU_SOURCE
man-pages.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document "acknowledgement" as the preferred spelling
Michael Kerrisk
Add some notes on comments in example code
Michael Kerrisk
Add a FORMATTING AND WORDING CONVENTIONS section
In man-pages-5.11, a large number of pages were edited to achieve
greater consistency in the SYNOPSIS, RETURN VALUE and ATTRIBUTES
sections. To avoid future inconsistencies, try to capture some of
the preferred conventions in text in man-pages(7).
Michael Kerrisk
Note some rationale for the use of real minus signs
netdevice.7
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Update documentation for SIOCGIFADDR SIOCSIFADDR SIOCDIFADDR
netlink.7
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix minimal Linux version for NETLINK_CAP_ACK
NETLINK_CAP_ACK option was introduced in commit 0a6a3a23ea6e which first
appeared in Linux version 4.3 and not 4.2.
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Remove IPv4 from description
rtnetlink is not only used for IPv4
Philipp Schuster
Clarify details of netlink error responses
Make it clear that netlink error responses (i.e., messages with
type NLMSG_ERROR (0x2)), can be longer than sizeof(struct
nlmsgerr). In certain circumstances, the payload can be longer.
shm_overview.7
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2)
sock_diag.7
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix recvmsg() usage in the example
tcp.7
Enke Chen
Documentation revision for TCP_USER_TIMEOUT
uri.7
Michael Kerrisk
Note that 'logical' quoting is the norm in Europe
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.12 ====================
Released: 2021-06-20, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alyssa Ross <hi@alyssa.is>
Aurelien Aptel <aaptel@suse.com>
Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Bruce Merry <bmerry@ska.ac.za>
Chris Keilbart <keilbartchris@gmail.com>
Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
Christoph Anton Mitterer <calestyo@scientia.net>
dann frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
James O. D. Hunt <jamesodhunt@gmail.com>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Jon Murphy <jonmurphy1618@gmail.com>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Katsuhiro Numata <byakkomon@gmail.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Mark Kettenis <kettenis@openbsd.org>
Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com>
thomasavoss <thomasavoss@protonmail.com>
Topi Miettinen <toiwoton@gmail.com>
Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.pizza>
Utkarsh Singh <utkarsh190601@gmail.com>
Vishwajith K <vishuvikas1996@gmail.com>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@fujitsu.com>
Zhiheng Li <phoenix_lzh@sina.com>
наб <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
seccomp_unotify.2
Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Andersen, Jann Horn, Kees Cook, Christian Brauner
Sargun Dhillon]
New page documenting the seccomp user-space notification mechanism
MAX.3
Alejandro Colomar
New page to document MAX() and MIN()
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
seccomp.2
Tycho Andersen [MichaelKerrisk]
Document SECCOMP_GET_NOTIF_SIZES
Tycho Andersen
Document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_NEW_LISTENER [Michael Kerrisk]
Tycho Andersen
Document SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF [Michael Kerrisk]
set_mempolicy.2
Huang Ying [Alejandro Colomar, "Huang, Ying"]
Add mode flag MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING
userfaultfd.2
Peter Xu [Alejandro Colomar, Mike Rapoport]
Add UFFD_FEATURE_THREAD_ID docs
Peter Xu [Alejandro Colomar, Mike Rapoport]
Add write-protect mode docs
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sys/vm/sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group
system_data_types.7
Alejandro Colomar
Add 'blksize_t'
Alejandro Colomar
Add 'blkcnt_t'
Alejandro Colomar
Add 'mode_t'
Alejandro Colomar
Add 'struct sockaddr'
Alejandro Colomar
Add 'cc_t'
Alejandro Colomar
Add 'socklen_t'
New and changed links
---------------------
blkcnt_t.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
blksize_t.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
cc_t.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
MIN.3
Michael Kerrisk
New link to MIN.3
mode_t.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
sockaddr.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
socklen_t.3
Alejandro Colomar
New link to system_data_types(7)
Global changes
--------------
Many pages
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Use syscall(SYS_...); for system calls without a wrapper
Many pages
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Document why each header is required
Many pages
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Remove unused includes
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
Add note about the use of syscall(2)
Various pages
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Miscellaneous fixes to includes
A few pages
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Add missing 'const'
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
dup.2
Michael Kerrisk
Rewrite the description of dup() somewhat
As can be seen by any number of StackOverflow questions, people
persistently misunderstand what dup() does, and the existing manual
page text, which talks of "copying" a file descriptor doesn't help.
Rewrite the text a little to try to prevent some of these
misunderstandings, in particular noting at the start that dup()
allocates a new file descriptor.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify what silent closing means
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Use consistent comments through pages
epoll_wait.2
Alejandro Colomar
Move misplaced subsection to NOTES from BUGS
execveat.2
Michael Kerrisk
Library support has been added in glibc 2.34
_exit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add a little more detail on the raw _exit() system cal
exit_group.2
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'noreturn' in prototypes
flock.2
Aurelien Aptel [Alejandro Colomar]
Add CIFS details
CIFS flock() locks behave differently than the standard.
Give an overview of those differences.
ioperm.2
Alejandro Colomar
Remove obvious comment
memfd_create.2
mmap.2
shmget.2
Michael Kerrisk [Yang Xu]
Document the EPERM error for huge page allocations
This error can occur if the caller is does not have CAP_IPC_LOCK
and is not a member of the sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group.
mmap.2
Bruce Merry
Clarify that MAP_POPULATE is best-effort
mount.2
Topi Miettinen
Document SELinux use of MS_NOSUID mount flag
open.2
Alejandro Colomar [Walter Harms]
Fix bug in linkat(2) call example
AT_EMPTY_PATH works with empty strings (""), but not with NULL
(or at least it's not obvious).
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clearer that an FD is an index into the process's FD table
Sometimes people are confused, thinking a file descriptor is just a
number....
perfmonctl.2
Michael Kerrisk
This system call was removed in Linux 5.10
pipe.2
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix incorrect prototype
Michael Kerrisk
Rearrange SYNOPSIS so that minority version pipe() is at end
ptrace.2
Dmitry V. Levin [Alejandro Colomar, Mathieu Desnoyers]
Mention PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO in RETURN VALUE section
seccomp.2
Michael Kerrisk
Reorder list of SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER flags alphabetically
(No content changes.)
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add seccomp_unotify(2)
select.2
Michael Kerrisk
Strengthen the warning regarding the low value of FD_SETSIZE
All modern code should avoid select(2) in favor of poll(2)
or epoll(7).
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate sentence about the fd_set value-result arguments to BUGS
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
perfmonctl(2) was removed in Linux 5.10
bswap.3
Alejandro Colomar
bswap_*() are implemented using functions
Even though it's true that they are macros,
it's transparent to the user.
The user will see their results casted to unsigned types
after the conversion due to the underlying functions,
so it's better to document these as the underlying functions,
specifying the types.
cmsg.3
unix.7
Michael Kerrisk
Refer to seccomp_unotify(2) for an example of SCM_RIGHTS usage
cpow.3
Alejandro Colomar
Use 'complex' after the type consistently
ctime.3
Michael Kerrisk [Katsuhiro Numata]
Restore documentation of 'tm_gmtoff' field
errno.3
Alejandro Colomar [Florian Weimer, Mark Kettenis]
Fix ENODATA text
ENODATA is an XSI STREAMS extension (not base POSIX).
exec.3
Josh Triplett [Alejandro Colomar]
Clarify that execvpe() uses PATH from the caller, not envp
Josh Triplett [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix description of 'e' variants
The envp argument specifies the environment of the new process
image, not "the environment of the caller".
fflush.3
Alejandro Colomar
SEE ALSO: Add fpurge(3)
getline.3
наб [Ahelenia Ziemiańska, Alejandro Colomar]
!*lineptr is sufficient
No implementation or spec requires *n to be 0 to allocate
a new buffer.
getopt.3
James O. D. Hunt [Alejandro Colomar]
Clarify behaviour
printf.3
Utkarsh Singh [Alejandro Colomar]
Add overall structure of format string
pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Use 'restrict' in prototypes
pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that the *_np() APIs are deprecated since glibc 2.34
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Remove incorrect 'const'
pthread_mutex_consistent.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that pthread_mutexattr_setrobust() is now deprecated
pthread_yield.3
Michael Kerrisk
Note that this function is deprecated since glibc 2.34
rpc.3
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototypes (misc.)
scanf.3
Alyssa Ross [Alejandro Colomar]
Clarify that %n supports type modifiers
xdr.3
Alejandro Colomar
SYNOPSIS: Fix prototype types
Use the same types glibc uses, and add a missing 'const'.
capabilities.7
Michael Kerrisk
CAP_IPC_LOCK also governs memory allocation using huge pages
environ.7
Josh Triplett [Alejandro Colomar]
Remove obsolete admonishment of the GZIP environment variable
kernel_lockdown.7
dann frazier [Alejandro Colomar]
Remove description of lifting via SysRq (not upstream)
The patch that implemented lockdown lifting via SysRq ended up
getting dropped[*] before the feature was merged upstream. Having
the feature documented but unsupported has caused some confusion
for our users.
mount_namespaces.7
namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Relocate reference to pam_namespace(8) from namespaces.7 to
mount_namespaces.7.
signal.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add reference to seccomp_unotify(2)
The seccomp user-space notification feature can cause changes in
the semantics of SA_RESTART with respect to system calls that
would never normally be restarted. Point the reader to the page
that provide further details.
vsock.7
Alyssa Ross
ioctls are on /dev/vsock, not sockets
==================== Changes in man-pages-5.13 ====================
Released: 2021-08-27, Christchurch
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
incorporated in changes in this release:
Ahelenia Ziemiańska (наб) <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alan Peakall <Alan.Peakall@helpsystems.com>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alexis Wilke <alexis@m2osw.com>
Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Christopher Yeleighton <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
Cristian Morales Vega <christian.morales.vega@gmail.com>
Dan Robertson <dan@dlrobertson.com>
Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Dominique Brazziel <dbrazziel@snet.net>
EmanueleTorre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com>
Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
James O. D. Hunt <jamesodhunt@gmail.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Kurt Kanzenbach <kurt@linutronix.de>
kXuan <kxuanobj@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Weiß <michael.weiss@aisec.fraunhofer.de>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Nora Platiel <nplatiel@gmx.us>
Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com>
Richard Palethorpe <rpalethorpe@suse.com>
Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@kinvolk.io>
Sagar Patel <sagarmp@cs.unc.edu>
Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Sergey Petrakov <kr@spmail.info>
Stefan Kanthak <stefan.kanthak@nexgo.de>
Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com>
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Thomas Voss <thomasavoss@protonmail.com>
Viet Than <thanhoangviet@gmail.com>
Will Manley <will@williammanley.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
mount_setattr.2
Christian Brauner [Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk]
New manual page documenting the mount_setattr() system call
Removed Pages
-------------
getumask.3
Michael Kerrisk
This function was never implemented on Linux. It seems pointless to
retain such a page 20 years after it was written.
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
futex.2
Kurt Kanzenbach [Alejandro Colomar, Thomas Gleixner, Michael Kerrisk]
Document FUTEX_LOCK_PI2
ioctl_tty.2
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk]
Document ioctls: TCGETS2, TCSETS2, TCSETSW2, TCSETSF2
pidfd_open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Document PIDFD_NONBLOCK
seccomp_unotify.2
Rodrigo Campos [Alejandro Colomar]
Document SECCOMP_ADDFD_FLAG_SEND
sigaction.2
Peter Collingbourne [Alejandro Colomar, Michael Kerrisk]
Document SA_EXPOSE_TAGBITS and the flag support detection protocol
statx.2
NeilBrown
Document STATX_MNT_ID
capabilities.7
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk, Kir Kolyshkin [Alejandro Colomar]
Describe CAP_SETFCAP for mapping UID 0
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Eric W. Biederman]
More clearly explain the notion of locked mounts
For a long time, this manual page has had a brief discussion of
"locked" mounts, without clearly saying what this concept is, or
why it exists. Expand the discussion with an explanation of what
locked mounts are, why mounts are locked, and some examples of the
effect of locking.
user_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/PID/projid_map
ld.so.8
Michael Kerrisk
Document --list-tunables option added in glibc 2.33
Global changes
--------------
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: correct alphabetic order
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Place SEE ALSO entries in correct order
A few pages
Michael Kerrisk
Arrange .SH sections in correct order
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Fix EBADF error description
Make the description of the EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd' more
uniform. In particular, note that the error only occurs when the
pathname is relative, and that it occurs when the 'dirfd' is
neither valid *nor* has the value AT_FDCWD.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: combine errors into a single alphabetic list
These pages split out extra errors for some APIs into a separate
list. Probably, the pages are easier to ready if all errors are
combined into a single list.
Note that there still remain a few pages where the errors are
listed separately for different APIs. For the moment, it seems
best to leave those pages as is, since the error lists are
largely distinct in those pages.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Terminology clean-up: "mount point" ==> "mount"
Many times, these pages use the terminology "mount point", where
"mount" would be better. A "mount point" is the location at which
a mount is attached. A "mount" is an association between a
filesystem and a mount point.
accept.2
access.2
getpriority.2
mlock.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: combine errors into a single list
These pages split out errors into separate lists (perhaps per API,
perhaps "may" vs "shall", perhaps "Linux-specific" vs
standard(??)), but there's no good reason to do this. It makes
the error list harder to read, and is inconsistent with other
pages. So, combine the errors into a single list.
fanotify_mark.2
futimesat.2
mount_setattr.2
statx.2
symlink.2
mkfifo.3
Michael Kerrisk
Refer the reader to openat(2) for explanation of why 'dirfd' is useful
Various pages
Thomas Voss [Alejandro Colomar]
Consistently use '*argv[]'
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
iconv.1
iconvconfig.8
Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Yeleighton]
FILES: note that files may be under /usr/lib64 rather than /usr/lib
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=214163
ldd.1
Alejandro Colomar [EmanueleTorre]
Fix example command
add_key.2
keyctl.2
request_key.2
Michael Kerrisk [Dominique Brazziel]
Note that the "libkeyutils" package provides <keyutils.h>
See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=992377
close_range.2
Michael Kerrisk, Alejandro Colomar
Glibc 2.34 has added a close_range() wrapper
execve.2
Michael Kerrisk [Nora Platiel]
The pathname given to interpreter is not necessarily absolute
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: getauxval(3)
getauxval(3) is useful background regarding execve(2).
fanotify_mark.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add missing EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd'
ioctl_tty.2
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Update DTR example
Do not include unused (and incompatible) header file termios.h and
include required header files for puts() and close() functions.
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EPERM error for case where a mount is locked
Refer the reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mount_setattr(2)
open.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explicitly describe the EBADF error that can occur with openat()
In particular, specifying an invalid file descriptor number
in 'dirfd' can be used as a check that 'pathname' is absolute.
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that openat()'s dirfd must be opened with O_RDONLY or O_PATH
Michael Kerrisk
Add mount_setattr(2) to list of 'dirfd' APIs
open_by_handle_at.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add missing EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd'
readv2.2
Will Manley [Alejandro Colomar]
Note preadv2(..., RWF_NOWAIT) bug in BUGS section
readv.2
pipe.7
Michael Kerrisk [наб]
Make text on pipe writes more general to avoid a confusion in writev(2)
seccomp.2
Eric W. Biederman [Kees Cook]
Clarify that bad system calls kill the thread (not the process)
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add quotactl_fd(); remove quotactl_path()
quotactl_path() was never wired up in Linux 5.13.
It was replaced instead by quotactl_fd(),
Michael Kerrisk
Add system calls that are new in 5.13
umount.2
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where mount is locked
wait.2
Richard Palethorpe [Alejandro Colomar]
Add ESRCH for when pid == INT_MIN
Michael Kerrisk
ERRORS: document EAGAIN for waitid() on a PID file descriptor
getaddrinfo.3
Alejandro Colomar [Cristian Morales Vega]
Note that 'errno' is set in parallel with EAI_SYSTEM
getauxval.3
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add execve(2)
getopt.3
James O. D. Hunt [Alejandro Colomar]
Further clarification of 'optstring'
pthread_setname_np.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alexis Wilke]
EXAMPLES: remove a bug by simplifying the code
strlen.3
wcslen.3
Michael Kerrisk [Alejandro Colomar, Jonny Grant]
Recommend alternatives where input buffer might not be null-terminated
strstr.3
Alejandro Colomar [Stefan Kanthak]
Document special case for empty needle
termios.3
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
SPARC architecture has 4 different Bnnn constants
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Add information how to set baud rate to any other value
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Use bold style for Bnn and EXTn macro constants
Pali Rohár [Alejandro Colomar]
Document missing baud-rate constants
tsearch.3
Michael Kerrisk
NAME: add twalk_r
wcstok.3
Jakub Wilk
Fix type mismatch in the example
proc.5
Michael Kerrisk
Add /proc/PID/projid_map, referring reader to user_namespaces(7)
Michael Kerrisk
Remove duplicated /proc/[pid]/gid_map entry
mount_namespaces.7
Michael Kerrisk
Terminology clean-up: "mount point" ==> "mount"
Many times, this page uses the terminology "mount point", where
"mount" would be better. A "mount point" is the location at which
a mount is attached. A "mount" is an association between a
filesystem and a mount point.
Michael Kerrisk
SEE ALSO: add mount_setattr(2)
namespaces.7
Štěpán Němec [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix confusion caused by text reorganization
path_resolution.7
Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin]
Improve description of trailing slashes
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=212385
posixoptions.7
Alejandro Colomar [Alan Peakall]
Fix legacy functions list (s/getcwd/getwd/)
user_namespaces.7
Kir Kolyshkin [Alejandro Colomar]
Fix a reference to a kernel document
Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
Add a definition of "global root"
vdso.7
Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Leroy]
Update CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE + CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE info for powerpc
Alejandro Colomar [Christophe Leroy]
Add y2038 compliant gettime for ppc/32
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.00 ====================
Released: 2022-10-09, València
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
"Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
"Dr. Jürgen Sauermann" <mail@xn--jrgen-sauermann-zvb.de>
"Dr. Wolfgang Armbruster" <dr.w.e.armbruster@gmail.com>
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
"M. Welinder" <mwelinder@gmail.com>
"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
"Todd C. Miller" <Todd.Miller@sudo.ws>
"Valentin V. Bartenev" <vbart@nginx.com>
<pellucida@tutanota.com>
Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Ahelenia Ziemiańska (наб) <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Aleksander Baranowski <alex@euro-linux.com>
Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Andrea Cervesato <andrea.cervesato@suse.com>
Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Andrew Persons <andrewscottpersons@gmail.com>
Andrew Wock <ajwock@gmail.com>
Anna Schumaker <anna.schumaker@netapp.com>
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Avinash Sonawane <rootkea@gmail.com>
Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Benoit Lecocq <benoit@openbsd.org>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@vortex.is>
Brett Holman <bholman.devel@gmail.com>
CIFS <linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Charan Teja Reddy <quic_charante@quicinc.com>
Christian Aistleitner <christian@quelltextlich.at>
Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Dave Kemper <saint.snit@gmail.com>
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM>
David Sletten <david.paul.sletten@gmail.com>
David Ward <david.ward@gatech.edu>
Davide Benini <davide.benini@gmail.com>
Donald Buczek <buczek@molgen.mpg.de>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Fabian <fabian@ritter-vogt.de>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
GUO Zihua <guozihua@huawei.com>
Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.com>
Greg Banks <gbanks@linkedin.com>
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Grzegorz Szpetkowski <gszpetkowski@gmail.com>
Günther Noack <guenther@unix-ag.uni-kl.de>
Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Huang Pei <huangpei@loongson.cn>
Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Jayprakash Ray <r.jay3283@gmail.com>
JeanHeyd Meneide <wg14@soasis.org>
Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Jens Gustedt <jens.gustedt@inria.fr>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@codeconstruct.com.au>
Jesse Rosenstock <jmr@google.com>
Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
Klemens Nanni <kn@openbsd.org>
Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.co.jp>
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linuxfoundation.org>
Lucien Gentis <lucien.gentis@waika9.com>
Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.de>
Luis Lozano <llozano@chromium.org>
Marco Bonelli <marco@mebeim.net>
Masatake YAMATO <yamato@redhat.com>
Matheus Tavares <matheus.bernardino@usp.br>
Mathnerd314 <mathnerd314.gph@gmail.com>
Matthew Bobrowski <repnop@google.com>
Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Melker Narikka <meklu@meklu.org>
Michael Kearney <mikekearney85@hotmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Mickaël Salaün <mic@linux.microsoft.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Nicolas Boichat <drinkcat@chromium.org>
Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
Olga Kornievskaia <aglo@umich.edu>
Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@ionos.com>
Patrick Reader <_@pxeger.com>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
Randall <rsbecker@nexbridge.com>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Robert Schneider <robert.schneider03@sap.com>
Rumen Telbizov <rumen.telbizov@menlosecurity.com>
Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net>
Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Simon Branch <simonmbranch@gmail.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Stephen Kitt <steve@sk2.org>
Steve French <sfrench@samba.org>
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Theo de Raadt <deraadt@openbsd.org>
Theodore Dubois <tbodt@google.com>
Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
Topi Miettinen <toiwoton@gmail.com>
Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com>
Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Vito Caputo <vcaputo@pengaru.com>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Wei Wang <weiwan@google.com>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@fujitsu.com>
Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org>
enh <enh@google.com>
glibg10b <pugonfireyt@gmail.com>
nick black <nickblack@linux.com>
zhangkui <zhangkui@oppo.com>
Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Štěpán Němec <stepnem@smrk.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
man2/
landlock_add_rule.2
landlock_create_ruleset.2
landlock_restrict_self.2
memfd_secret.2
man2type/
open_how.2type
man3/
_Generic.3
man3const/
NULL.3const
man3head/
sysexits.h.3head
man3type/
aiocb.3type
blkcnt_t.3type
blksize_t.3type
cc_t.3type
clock_t.3type
clockid_t.3type
dev_t.3type
div_t.3type
double_t.3type
epoll_event.3type
fenv_t.3type
id_t.3type
intN_t.3type
intmax_t.3type
intptr_t.3type
iovec.3type
itimerspec.3type
lconv.3type
mode_t.3type
off_t.3type
ptrdiff_t.3type
regex_t.3type
size_t.3type
sockaddr.3type
stat.3type
time_t.3type
timer_t.3type
timespec.3type
timeval.3type
tm.3type
va_list.3type
void.3type
man7/
landlock.7
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
epoll_wait.2
epoll_pwait2(2)
fanotify_init.2
FAN_REPORT_PIDFD
fanotify_mark.2
FAN_FS_ERROR
FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE
FAN_RENAME
FAN_REPORT_TARGET_FID
madvise.2
MADV_POPULATE_READ
MADV_POPULATE_WRITE
pipe.2
O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE
process_madvise.2
MADV_WILLNEED
send.2
MSG_FASTOPEN
userfaultfd.2
UFFD_USER_MODE_ONLY
proc.5
/proc/[pid]/pagemap bit 57
fanotify.7
/proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_queued_events
/proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_user_group
/proc/sys/fs/fanotify/max_user_marks
tcp.7
TCP_FASTOPEN
TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT
New and changed links
---------------------
man3/
strftime_l.3
man3type/
epoll_data.3type
epoll_data_t.3type
fexcept_t.3type
float_t.3type
gid_t.3type
imaxdiv_t.3type
in6_addr.3type
in_addr.3type
in_addr_t.3type
in_port_t.3type
int16_t.3type
int32_t.3type
int64_t.3type
int8_t.3type
ldiv_t.3type
lldiv_t.3type
loff_t.3type
off64_t.3type
pid_t.3type
regmatch_t.3type
regoff_t.3type
sa_family_t.3type
sockaddr_in.3type
sockaddr_in6.3type
sockaddr_storage.3type
sockaddr_un.3type
socklen_t.3type
speed_t.3type
ssize_t.3type
suseconds_t.3type
tcflag_t.3type
uid_t.3type
uint16_t.3type
uint32_t.3type
uint64_t.3type
uint8_t.3type
uintN_t.3type
uintmax_t.3type
uintptr_t.3type
useconds_t.3type
Global changes
--------------
- Man dirs:
- Move definitions of types to separate pages in man2type/ and
man3type/. Previously, they were spread (and duplicated) in other
pages, or in system_data_types.7 (with links in man3/).
- Add man3head/ for pages that document header files.
- Add man3const/ for pages that document constants.
- Licenses:
- Use SPDX-License-Indentiffier for licenses specified by SPDX
(including the newly-added Linux-man-pages-copyleft). This reduces
the overhead text at the top of most manual page source files.
License texts have been moved to LICENSES/.
- Build system:
- Add several make(1) targets to lint the manual pages, and also lint
and build the C programs contained in them. Use of these targets
requires unreleased versions of software, such as groff-1.23.0, so
it's not yet intended to be used by the public.
- Add targets to build tarballs of the repository.
- man(7) source:
- Improve consistency of man(7) source. Also, reduce the number of
warnings that groff(1) and mandoc(7) emit when parsing the pages
with the highest warning level. Most of these fixes were found
thanks to the new `make lint-man` target.
- Manual pages sections:
- Title (.TH):
- Remove 5th argument to TH (middle-header).
- Specify "Linux man-pages" and the version in the 4th argument
(left-footer).
- Add the LIBRARY section. This section standardizes a way to
document the library that provides a given interface.
- Add the CAVEATS section. BUGS and NOTES were serving that purpose
before, but CAVEATS is more appropriate.
- Rename the CONFORMING TO section to STANDARDS for consistency with
other projects, such as the BSDs.
- SYNOPSIS: Add the ISO C2X [[deprecated]] attribute for functions
that have been deprecated or removed.
- EXAMPLES: Improve consistency of C source code. Also, reduce the
number of warnings that several linting tools emit.
- COLOPHON: Remove section (its purpose is now served by the title).
- Repository:
- CONTRIBUTING, README, INSTALL: Document important changes in the
project organization.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.01 ====================
Released: 2022-10-18, Aldaya
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Agostino Sarubbo <ago@gentoo.org>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Grigoriy <grigoriyremvar@protonmail.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Matthew Bobrowski <repnop@google.com>
Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Mike Gilbert <floppym@gentoo.org>
Nicolás A. Ortega Froysa <nicolas@ortegas.org>
Pierre Labastie <pierre.labastie@neuf.fr>
Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Steve Izma <sizma@golden.net>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
EOF.3const
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
fanotify_mark.2
FAN_MARK_IGNORE
open.2, statx.2
STATX_DIOALIGN
feature_test_macros.7
_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3
_TIME_BITS
Global changes
--------------
- Build system:
- Update manual page dates (TH 3rd argument) when creating the tarball
with 'make dist'. This removes the need for a tstamp commit before
each release.
- Don't print spurious errors from the Makefile that are not relevant.
- Manual pages' sections:
- Title (.TH):
- Remove the hardcoded date (TH 3rd argument), and replace it by a
placeholder that should be changed when creating the tarball.
This removes the need for a tstamp commit before each release.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.02 ====================
Released: 2022-12-22, Aldaya
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
1092615079 <1092615079@qq.com>
Aaron Schrab <aaron@schrab.com>
Agostino Sarubbo <ago@gentoo.org>
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Andrew Pinski <pinskia@gmail.com>
Andries E. Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Douglas McIlroy <douglas.mcilroy@dartmouth.edu>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Grigoriy <grigoriyremvar@protonmail.com>
Grzegorz Szymaszek <gszymaszek@short.pl>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Iker Pedrosa <ipedrosa@redhat.com>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
JeanHeyd Meneide <wg14@soasis.org>
Jun Ishiguro <algon.0320@gmail.com>
Luca Versari <veluca93@gmail.com>
Luis Javier Merino <ninjalj@gmail.com>
Mario Blättermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>
Martin Sebor <msebor@redhat.com>
Martin Uecker <uecker@tugraz.at>
Matthew Bobrowski <repnop@google.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Gilbert <floppym@gentoo.org>
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Nicolás A. Ortega Froysa <nicolas@ortegas.org>
Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
Pierre Labastie <pierre.labastie@neuf.fr>
Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Steve Izma <sizma@golden.net>
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Thomas Voss <mail@thomasvoss.com>
Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.pizza>
Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xry111.site>
Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com>
Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
man3/
static_assert.3
strcpy.3
stpncpy.3
strncat.3
man3const/
EOF.3const
EXIT_SUCCESS.3const
man7/
string_copying.7
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
ioctl_tty.2
TIOCSERGETLSR
TIOCSER_TEMT
madvise.2
MADV_COLLAPSE
syscall.2
loongarch
New and changed links
---------------------
man3/
_Static_assert.3 (static_assert(3))
stpcpy.3 (strcpy(3))
strcat.3 (strcpy(3))
strncpy.3 (stpncpy(3))
stpecpy.3 (string_copying(7))
stpecpyx.3 (string_copying(7))
ustpcpy.3 (string_copying(7))
ustr2stp.3 (string_copying(7))
zustr2stp.3 (string_copying(7))
zustr2ustp.3 (string_copying(7))
man3const/
EXIT_FAILURE.3const (EXIT_SUCCESS(3const))
Global changes
--------------
- Use correct letter case in manual page titles, instead of uppercase.
- Use \" t comments when appropriate (Lintian needs this).
- SYNOPSIS:
- Add _Nullable for functions that receive NULL as a meaningful
input.
- Use VLA syntax to clarify the meaning of size parameters, rather
than hiding it in possibly-confusing text. This syntax is not
accepted by any compilers, though.
- Use [[noreturn]] instead of noreturn, which will be deprecated
soon.
- Repository documentation:
- Added significant documentation about the repository and the
project in the root of the repository in different files.
Starting from the README, anyone passing by should be able to
understand how the project works and be directed to other
documentation files. These files also document the release
process.
- Michael has been busy lately, and he is no longer maintaining
the project. The in-repository documentation mentioned above has
been updated to reflect that.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
copy_file_range.2
Fix wrong kernel version information
process_madvise.2
Fix capability and ptrace requirements
madvise.2
Update Transparent Huge Pages file/shmem documentation for
Linux 5.4+.
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.03 ====================
Released: 2023-02-12, Xulilla
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
Aaron Peter Bachmann <aaron_ng@inode.at>
Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alex Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Arsen Arsenović <arsen@aarsen.me>
Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca>
Colin Cross <ccross@google.com>
Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
Deri James <deri@chuzzlewit.myzen.co.uk>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Günther Noack <gnoack3000@gmail.com>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
"Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Lennart Jablonka <humm@ljabl.com>
Mario Blaettermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>
Mark Galeck <markgaleck@gmail.com>
Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Nick Gregory <nick@nickgregory.me>
Pasha Tatashin <tatashin@google.com>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
<Radisson97@gmx.de>
Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net>
"Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Wilco Dijkstra <Wilco.Dijkstra@arm.com>
Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
man3/
arc4random.3
powerof2.3
roundup.3
man3head/
printf.h.3head
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
perf_event_open.2
PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT
PERF_COUNT_SW_CGROUP_SWITCHES
PERF_FORMAT_LOST
PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_BUILD_ID
PERF_RECORD_MISC_SWITCH_OUT_PREEMPT
PERF_SAMPLE_CODE_PAGE_SIZE
PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_PAGE_SIZE
PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_STRUCT
struct perf_event_attr::build_id
struct perf_event_attr::inherit_thread
struct perf_event_attr::remove_on_exec
struct perf_event_attr::sigtrap
struct perf_event_attr::aux_sample_size
struct perf_event_attr::sig_data
union perf_sample_weight
struct read_format::values[]::lost
struct::weight
struct::data_page_size
struct::code_page_size
struct::size
struct::data
struct:: ::build_id_size
struct:: ::build_id
prctl.2
PR_SET_VMA
PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME
New and changed links
---------------------
man3/
arc4random_buf.3 (arc4random(3))
arc4random_uniform.3 (arc4random(3))
register_printf_modifier.3 (printf.h(3head))
register_printf_specifier.3 (printf.h(3head))
register_printf_type.3 (printf.h(3head))
man3const/
PA_CHAR.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_DOUBLE.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_FLAG_LONG.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_FLAG_PTR.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_FLAG_SHORT.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_FLOAT.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_INT.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_LAST.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_POINTER.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_STRING.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_WCHAR.3const (printf.h(3head))
PA_WSTRING.3const (printf.h(3head))
man3type/
printf_arginfo_size_function.3type (printf.h(3head))
printf_function.3type (printf.h(3head))
printf_info.3type (printf.h(3head))
printf_va_arg_function.3type (printf.h(3head))
Global changes
--------------
- Build system:
- Add scripts to produce a book of the Linux man-pages.
- Add lint-c-cppcheck to the make(1) targets to run the cppcheck(1)
linter.
- TH:
- Use correct letter case in page titles. This started in 6.02, but
there were still many cases left.
- SYNOPSIS:
- Mark some functions as deprecated.
- STANDARDS:
- Remove most references to ISO C89. We still document it in
standards(7), but it's an ancient language version that this
project
regards as obsolescent, so in the STANDARDS sections for APIs we
only take into account C99 and later and POSIX.1-2001 and later
(with few exceptions where older standards are relevant).
- ffix:
- Change \- to - where appropriate
- Improve readability of numbers:
- Show BCD magic numbers that are meaningful in hex as hex,
rather than weird decimal numbers.
- Use IEC multipliers.
- Format ranges consistently using interval notation: [min, max].
- srcfix:
- Use \[] escapes.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
timespec.3type
Update tv_nsec according to C2x.
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.04 ====================
Released: 2023-04-03, Aldaya
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca>
"Carlos O'Donell" <carlos@redhat.com>
Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Dmitry Goncharov <dgoncharov@users.sf.net>
"Dmitry V. Levin" <ldv@strace.io>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter0@gmail.com>
Fotios Valasiadis <fvalasiad@gmail.com>
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Guy Shefy <guyshefyb@gmail.com>
Günther Noack <gnoack3000@gmail.com>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Iker Pedrosa <ipedrosa@redhat.com>
Jack Pearson <jack@pearson.onl>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Marco Bonelli <marco@mebeim.net>
Matt Jolly <Matt.Jolly@footclan.ninja>
Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
Nate Eldredge <nate@thatsmathematics.com>
Oskari Pirhonen <xxc3ncoredxx@gmail.com>
Patrick Reader <_@pxeger.com>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org>
Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar>
Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net>
Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Simon Horman <simon.horman@corigine.com>
Timo Stark <t.stark@nginx.com>
Tom Schwindl <schwindl@posteo.de>
"Valentin V. Bartenev" <vbartenev@gmail.com>
Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Vladislav Ivanishin <vlad@ispras.ru>
Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Wu Zhenyu <wuzhenyu@ustc.edu>
Yedidyah Bar David <didi@redhat.com>
Younes Manton <younes.m@gmail.com>
<imachug@yandex.ru>
<pabeni@redhat.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
proc.5
KPF_PGTABLE (Linux 4.18)
landlock.7
LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REFER (Linux 5.19)
LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_TRUNCATE (Linux 6.02)
udp.7
UDP_GRO (Linux 5.0)
UDP_SEGMENT (Linux 4.18)
Global changes
--------------
- Sections:
- Add HISTORY.
- HISTORY: Restore C89 references.
- Repurpose VERSIONS.
- Simplify STANDARDS.
- SYNOPSIS: Mark several functions as deprecated.
- Build system:
- Support installing in different mandirs
(e.g., man3typedir='/usr/share/man/man3').
- Support installing compressed pages (Z='.gz').
- Support installing link pages as symlinks (LINK_PAGES='symlink').
- Add make(1) 'check' target. This has been split from 'lint'.
'lint' will check the source code, and 'check' will check the
rendered pages (as a user will read them). There are currently
several pages that fail this `make check`, and distributors that
depend on this can workaround it by touching a few files:
$ make check -k -j >/dev/null 2>/dev/null;
$ make check -k 2>/dev/null;
GREP .tmp/man/man1/memusage.1.check-catman.touch
TROFF .tmp/man/man2/fanotify_init.2.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man2/gettimeofday.2.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man2/s390_sthyi.2.cat.set
GREP .tmp/man/man3/mallopt.3.check-catman.touch
TROFF .tmp/man/man3/unlocked_stdio.3.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man4/console_codes.4.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man4/lirc.4.cat.set
GREP .tmp/man/man4/smartpqi.4.check-catman.touch
GREP .tmp/man/man4/veth.4.check-catman.touch
TROFF .tmp/man/man5/proc.5.cat.set
GREP .tmp/man/man5/slabinfo.5.check-catman.touch
TROFF .tmp/man/man5/tzfile.5.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man7/address_families.7.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man7/ascii.7.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man7/bpf-helpers.7.cat.set
GREP .tmp/man/man7/keyrings.7.check-catman.touch
GREP .tmp/man/man7/uri.7.check-catman.touch
TROFF .tmp/man/man8/tzselect.8.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man8/zdump.8.cat.set
TROFF .tmp/man/man8/zic.8.cat.set
After touching the previous files, `make check` will succeed:
$ make check -k 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}' | xargs touch;
$ make check -j >/dev/null;
$ echo $?
0
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.05 ====================
Released: 2023-08-01, Aldaya
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
"David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
A. Wilcox <AWilcox@wilcox-tech.com>
Adam Dobes <adobes@redhat.com>
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alan Cox <alan@llwyncelyn.cymru>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Avinesh Kumar <akumar@suse.de>
Bastien Roucariès <rouca@debian.org>
Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@simnet.is>
Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Daniel Verkamp <daniel@drv.nu>
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Dirk Gouders <dirk@gouders.net>
Dmitry Goncharov <dgoncharov@users.sf.net>
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Gavin Smith <gavinsmith0123@gmail.com>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Günther Noack <gnoack@google.com>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Igor Sysoev <igor@sysoev.ru>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Jakub Sitnicki <jakub@cloudflare.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
John Gilmore <gnu@toad.com>
John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
John Scott <jscott@posteo.net>
Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Larry McVoy <lm@mcvoy.com>
Lennart Jablonka <humm@ljabl.com>
Linus Heckemann <git@sphalerite.org>
Lukas Javorsky <ljavorsk@redhat.com>
Marcos Fouces <marcos@debian.org>
Mario Blaettermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Masatake YAMATO <yamato@redhat.com>
Matthew House <mattlloydhouse@gmail.com>
Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Weiß <michael.weiss@aisec.fraunhofer.de>
Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Mingye Wang <arthur200126@gmail.com>
Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Oskari Pirhonen <xxc3ncoredxx@gmail.com>
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Paul Floyd <pjfloyd@wanadoo.fr>
Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org>
Philip Guenther <guenther@gmail.com>
Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Richard Biener <richard.guenther@gmail.com>
Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Seth David Schoen <schoen@loyalty.org>
Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@gotplt.org>
Simon Horman <simon.horman@corigine.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Steffen Nurpmeso <steffen@sdaoden.eu>
Szabolcs Nagy <nsz@port70.net>
Thomas Weißschuh <thomas@t-8ch.de>
Tom Schwindl <schwindl@posteo.de>
Tomáš Golembiovský <tgolembi@redhat.com>
Torbjorn SVENSSON <torbjorn.svensson@foss.st.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Vahid Noormofidi <vnoormof@nvidia.com>
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Wilco Dijkstra <Wilco.Dijkstra@arm.com>
Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xry111.site>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@fujitsu.com>
Yedidyah Bar David <didi@redhat.com>
Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org>
Zijun Zhao <zijunzhao@google.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
man2/
ioctl_pipe.2
man3/
regex.3
man5/
erofs.5
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
bpf.2
EAGAIN
ioctl_userfaultfd.2
UFFD_FEATURE_EXACT_ADDRESS
prctl.2
PR_GET_AUXV
recv.2
MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
statx.2
STAT_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT
syscall.2
ENOSYS
resolv.conf.5
no-aaaa
RES_NOAAAA
tmpfs.5
CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
ip.7
IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE
rtnetlink.7
IFLA_PERM_ADDRESS
New and changed links
---------------------
man3type/
regex_t.3type (regex(3))
regmatch_t.3type (regex(3))
regoff_t.3type (regex(3))
Global changes
--------------
- Types:
- Document functions using off64_t as if they used off_t (except
for lseek64()).
- Build system:
- Keep file modes in the release tarball.
- Fix symlink installation (`make install LINK_PAGES=symlink`).
- Add support for using bzip2(1), lzip(1), and xz(1) when installing
pages and creating release tarballs.
- Create reproducible release tarballs.
- Move makefiles from lib/ to share/mk/.
- Support mdoc(7) pages.
- Relicense Makefiles as GPL-3.0-or-later.
- Build PostScript and PDF manual pages.
- Add support for running our build system on arbitrary source
trees; this makes it possible to easily run our linters on another
project's manual pages as easily as `make lint MANDIR=~/src/groff`
- Licenses:
- Relicense ddp.7 from VERBATIM_ONE_PARA to Linux-man-pages-copyleft.
- Relicense dir_colors.5 from LDPv1 to GPL-2.0-or-later.
- Use new SPDX license identifiers:
- Linux-man-pages-1-para (was VERBATIM_ONE_PARA)
- Linux-man-pages-copyleft-2-para (was VERBATIM_TWO_PARA)
- Linux-man-pages-copyleft-var (was VERBATIM_PROF)
- ffix:
- use `\%`
- un-bracket tbl(1) tables
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.06 ====================
Released: 2024-02-12, Aldaya
Contributors
------------
The following people contributed patches/fixes, reports, notes,
ideas, and discussions that have been incorporated in changes in
this release:
"G. Branden Robinson" <branden@debian.org>
"G. Branden Robinson" <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
"Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Adhemerval Zanella Netto <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Alejandro Colomar <alx@kernel.org>
Alexander Kozhevnikov <mentalisttraceur@gmail.com>
Alexey Tikhonov <atikhono@redhat.com>
Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Andriy Utkin <andriy_utkin@fastmail.com>
Arnav Rawat <rawat.arnav@gmail.com>
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Aurelien Jarno <aurel32@debian.org>
Avinesh Kumar <akumar@suse.de>
Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Brian Inglis <Brian.Inglis@Shaw.ca>
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Christopher Lameter <cl@os.amperecomputing.com>
Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
David Mosberger <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
Deri James <deri@chuzzlewit.myzen.co.uk>
Don Brace <don.brace@microchip.com>
Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Florian Lehner <dev@der-flo.net>
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Geoff Keating <geoffk@ozemail.com.au>
Gobinda Das <godas@redhat.com>
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Guo Ren <guoren@linux.alibaba.com>
Günther Noack <gnoack@google.com>
Hanno Böck <hanno@hboeck.de>
Helge Kreutzmann <debian@helgefjell.de>
Iker Pedrosa <ipedrosa@redhat.com>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
John Watts <contact@jookia.org>
Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Kevin Barnett <kevin.barnett@microchip.com>
Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
Lee Griffiths <poddster@gmail.com>
Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com>
Mario Blaettermann <mario.blaettermann@gmail.com>
Matthew House <mattlloydhouse@gmail.com>
Matthias Gerstner <matthias.gerstner@suse.com>
Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Miguel de Icaza <miguel@nuclecu.unam.mx>
Mike McGowen <mike.mcgowen@microchip.com>
Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Morten Welinder <mwelinder@gmail.com>
Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Oskari Pirhonen <xxc3ncoredxx@gmail.com>
Patch by Xavier Leroy <Xavier.Leroy@inria.fr>.
Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org>
Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
Philip Blundell <pb@nexus.co.uk>
Renzo Davoli <renzo@cs.unibo.it>
Reported by Ralf Corsepius <corsepiu@faw.uni-ulm.de>.
Reported by Sam Roberts <sroberts@uniserve.com>.
Richard Henderson <richard@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
Richard Henderson <rth@cygnus.com>
Richard Henderson <rth@tamu.edu>
Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Roland McGrath <roland@gnu.org>
Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Sambit Nayak <sambitnayak@gmail.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Sascha Grunert <saschagrunert@gmail.com>
Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@redhat.com>
Scott Benesh <scott.benesh@microchip.com>
Scott Teel <scott.teel@microchip.com>
Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Sergei Gromeniuk <sgromeni@redhat.com>
Shahab Ouraie <shahabouraie@gmail.com>
Shani Leviim <sleviim@redhat.com>
Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
Thorsten Kukuk <kukuk@suse.com>
Tom Schwindl <schwindl@posteo.de>
Tomáš Golembiovský <tgolembi@redhat.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Wolfram Gloger <wg@wolfram.dent.med.uni-muenchen.de>
Wolfram Gloger <wmglo@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de>
Xavier Leroy <Xavier.Leroy@inria.fr>
Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xry111.site>
Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@fujitsu.com>
Zack Weinberg <zack@owlfolio.org>
Štěpán Němec <stepnem@smrk.net>
Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
наб <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
man2/
ioctl_pagemap_scan.2
man3/ (taken from glibc's linuxthreads)
pthread_cond_init.3
pthread_condattr_init.3
pthread_key_create.3
pthread_mutex_init.3
pthread_mutexattr_setkind_np.3
pthread_once.3
man5/
proc.5 (split into many small pages)
proc_apm.5
proc_buddyinfo.5
proc_bus.5
proc_cgroups.5
proc_cmdline.5
proc_config.gz.5
proc_cpuinfo.5
proc_crypto.5
proc_devices.5
proc_diskstats.5
proc_dma.5
proc_driver.5
proc_execdomains.5
proc_fb.5
proc_filesystems.5
proc_fs.5
proc_ide.5
proc_interrupts.5
proc_iomem.5
proc_ioports.5
proc_kallsyms.5
proc_kcore.5
proc_key-users.5
proc_keys.5
proc_kmsg.5
proc_kpagecgroup.5
proc_kpagecount.5
proc_kpageflags.5
proc_ksyms.5
proc_loadavg.5
proc_locks.5
proc_malloc.5
proc_meminfo.5
proc_modules.5
proc_mtrr.5
proc_partitions.5
proc_pci.5
proc_pid.5
proc_pid_attr.5
proc_pid_autogroup.5
proc_pid_auxv.5
proc_pid_cgroup.5
proc_pid_clear_refs.5
proc_pid_cmdline.5
proc_pid_comm.5
proc_pid_coredump_filter.5
proc_pid_cpuset.5
proc_pid_cwd.5
proc_pid_environ.5
proc_pid_exe.5
proc_pid_fd.5
proc_pid_fdinfo.5
proc_pid_io.5
proc_pid_limits.5
proc_pid_map_files.5
proc_pid_maps.5
proc_pid_mem.5
proc_pid_mountinfo.5
proc_pid_mounts.5
proc_pid_mountstats.5
proc_pid_net.5
proc_pid_ns.5
proc_pid_numa_maps.5
proc_pid_oom_score.5
proc_pid_oom_score_adj.5
proc_pid_pagemap.5
proc_pid_personality.5
proc_pid_projid_map.5
proc_pid_root.5
proc_pid_seccomp.5
proc_pid_setgroups.5
proc_pid_smaps.5
proc_pid_stack.5
proc_pid_stat.5
proc_pid_statm.5
proc_pid_status.5
proc_pid_syscall.5
proc_pid_task.5
proc_pid_timers.5
proc_pid_timerslack_ns.5
proc_pid_uid_map.5
proc_pid_wchan.5
proc_profile.5
proc_scsi.5
proc_slabinfo.5
proc_stat.5
proc_swaps.5
proc_sys.5
proc_sys_abi.5
proc_sys_debug.5
proc_sys_dev.5
proc_sys_fs.5
proc_sys_kernel.5
proc_sys_net.5
proc_sys_proc.5
proc_sys_sunrpc.5
proc_sys_user.5
proc_sys_vm.5
proc_sysrq-trigger.5
proc_sysvipc.5
proc_tid_children.5
proc_timer_list.5
proc_timer_stats.5
proc_tty.5
proc_uptime.5
proc_version.5
proc_vmstat.5
proc_zoneinfo.5
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
man2/
access.2
AT_EMPTY_PATH
execve.2
E2BIG
ioctl_userfaultfd.2
UFFDIO_API handshake
UFFDIO_POISON
UFFD_FEATURE_WP_ASYNC
mbind.2
MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING
prctl.2
PR_SET_MDWE
PR_GET_MDWE
set_thread_area.2
C-SKY
utimensat.2
AT_EMPTY_PATH
man3/
stdio.3
fmemopen(3)
fopencookie(3)
open_memstream(3)
open_wmemstream(3)
man4/
smartpqi.4
ctrl_ready_timeout
enable_stream_detection
ssd_smart_path_enabled
enable_r5_writes
enable_r6_writes
lunid
unique_id
path_info
raid_bypass_cnt
sas_ncq_prio_enable
man5/
proc_pid_status.5 (previously, proc.5)
Seccomp_filters
tmpfs.5
size/blocks=0
nr_inodes=0
man8/
ld.so.8
--list-diagnostics
--glibc-hwcaps-mask
--glibc-hwcaps-prepend
New and changed links
---------------------
man5/
proc_mounts.5 (proc_pid_mounts(5))
proc_net.5 (proc_pid_net(5))
proc_pid_gid_map.5 (proc_pid_uid_map(5))
proc_pid_oom_adj.5 (proc_pid_oom_score_adj(5))
proc_self.5 (proc_pid(5))
proc_thread-self.5 (proc_pid_task(5))
proc_tid.5 (proc_pid_task(5))
Removed links
-------------
man3/
stpecpy.3
stpecpyx.3
ustpcpy.3
ustr2stp.3
zustr2stp.3
zustr2ustp.3
Global changes
--------------
- Build system
- Update PDF book for groff-1.23.0.
- Add targets to [un]install intro(*) pages separately.
- Support manual pages in other projects, so that our build system
can be used to for example lint them.
- Reject non-GNU make(1).
- Add target to build the PDF book.
- man*/
- Add some consistency in the use of man(7).
- Split proc(5) into many small pages.
- Import pages from old linuxthreads (glibc), with their git
history (from both glibc and Debian).
- Rewrite a large part of the documentation for string-copying
functions.
- Say ISO/IEC instead of ISO where appropriate, and be consistent in
the formatting of names of ISO or ISO/IEC standards.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, use git(1).
==================== Changes in man-pages-6.7 =====================
Released: 2024-03-19, València
New and rewritten pages
-----------------------
man3/
TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC.3
Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
---------------------------------------------
man2/
process_madvise.2
process_madvise() glibc wrapper
New and changed links
---------------------
man3/
TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL.3 (TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(3))
Global changes
--------------
- Build system
- Reorganize build system
- Clarify dependencies
- Clarify configurable variables
- Add 'distcheck' target
- Ignore known warnings
- Replace uses of man2html(1) by grohtml(1)
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
The manual pages (and other files in the repository) have been improved
beyond what this changelog covers. To learn more about changes applied
to individual pages, or the authors of changes, use git(1).
|