path: root/man3/pthread_attr_init.3

'\" t
.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH pthread_attr_init 3 2023-07-20 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
.SH NAME
pthread_attr_init, pthread_attr_destroy \- initialize and destroy
thread attributes object
.SH LIBRARY
POSIX threads library
.RI ( libpthread ", " \-lpthread )
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <pthread.h>
.PP
.BI "int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *" attr );
.BI "int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *" attr );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.BR pthread_attr_init ()
function initializes the thread attributes object pointed to by
.I attr
with default attribute values.
After this call, individual attributes of the object can be set
using various related functions (listed under SEE ALSO),
and then the object can be used in one or more
.BR pthread_create (3)
calls that create threads.
.PP
Calling
.BR pthread_attr_init ()
on a thread attributes object that has already been initialized
results in undefined behavior.
.PP
When a thread attributes object is no longer required,
it should be destroyed using the
.BR pthread_attr_destroy ()
function.
Destroying a thread attributes object has no effect
on threads that were created using that object.
.PP
Once a thread attributes object has been destroyed,
it can be reinitialized using
.BR pthread_attr_init ().
Any other use of a destroyed thread attributes object
has undefined results.
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return 0;
on error, they return a nonzero error number.
.SH ERRORS
POSIX.1 documents an
.B ENOMEM
error for
.BR pthread_attr_init ();
on Linux these functions always succeed
(but portable and future-proof applications should nevertheless
handle a possible error return).
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.TS
allbox;
lbx lb lb
l l l.
Interface	Attribute	Value
T{
.na
.nh
.BR pthread_attr_init (),
.BR pthread_attr_destroy ()
T}	Thread safety	MT-Safe
.TE
.sp 1
.SH STANDARDS
POSIX.1-2008.
.SH HISTORY
POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The
.I pthread_attr_t
type should be treated as opaque:
any access to the object other than via pthreads functions
is nonportable and produces undefined results.
.SH EXAMPLES
The program below optionally makes use of
.BR pthread_attr_init ()
and various related functions to initialize a thread attributes
object that is used to create a single thread.
Once created, the thread uses the
.BR pthread_getattr_np (3)
function (a nonstandard GNU extension) to retrieve the thread's
attributes, and then displays those attributes.
.PP
If the program is run with no command-line argument,
then it passes NULL as the
.I attr
argument of
.BR pthread_create (3),
so that the thread is created with default attributes.
Running the program on Linux/x86-32 with the NPTL threading implementation,
we see the following:
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
.\" Results from glibc 2.8, SUSE 11.0; Oct 2008
.RB "$" " ulimit \-s" "       # No stack limit ==> default stack size is 2 MB"
unlimited
.RB "$" " ./a.out"
Thread attributes:
        Detach state        = PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
        Scope               = PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
        Inherit scheduler   = PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED
        Scheduling policy   = SCHED_OTHER
        Scheduling priority = 0
        Guard size          = 4096 bytes
        Stack address       = 0x40196000
        Stack size          = 0x201000 bytes
.EE
.in
.PP
When we supply a stack size as a command-line argument,
the program initializes a thread attributes object,
sets various attributes in that object,
and passes a pointer to the object in the call to
.BR pthread_create (3).
Running the program on Linux/x86-32 with the NPTL threading implementation,
we see the following:
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
.\" Results from glibc 2.8, SUSE 11.0; Oct 2008
.RB "$" " ./a.out 0x3000000"
posix_memalign() allocated at 0x40197000
Thread attributes:
        Detach state        = PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED
        Scope               = PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
        Inherit scheduler   = PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
        Scheduling policy   = SCHED_OTHER
        Scheduling priority = 0
        Guard size          = 0 bytes
        Stack address       = 0x40197000
        Stack size          = 0x3000000 bytes
.EE
.in
.SS Program source
\&
.\" SRC BEGIN (pthread_attr_init.c)
.EX
#define _GNU_SOURCE     /* To get pthread_getattr_np() declaration */
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
\&
static void
display_pthread_attr(pthread_attr_t *attr, char *prefix)
{
    int s, i;
    size_t v;
    void *stkaddr;
    struct sched_param sp;
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getdetachstate(attr, &i);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getdetachstate");
    printf("%sDetach state        = %s\en", prefix,
           (i == PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED) ? "PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED" :
           (i == PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE) ? "PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE" :
           "???");
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getscope(attr, &i);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getscope");
    printf("%sScope               = %s\en", prefix,
           (i == PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM)  ? "PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM" :
           (i == PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS) ? "PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS" :
           "???");
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getinheritsched(attr, &i);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getinheritsched");
    printf("%sInherit scheduler   = %s\en", prefix,
           (i == PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED)  ? "PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED" :
           (i == PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED) ? "PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED" :
           "???");
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(attr, &i);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getschedpolicy");
    printf("%sScheduling policy   = %s\en", prefix,
           (i == SCHED_OTHER) ? "SCHED_OTHER" :
           (i == SCHED_FIFO)  ? "SCHED_FIFO" :
           (i == SCHED_RR)    ? "SCHED_RR" :
           "???");
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getschedparam(attr, &sp);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getschedparam");
    printf("%sScheduling priority = %d\en", prefix, sp.sched_priority);
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getguardsize(attr, &v);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getguardsize");
    printf("%sGuard size          = %zu bytes\en", prefix, v);
\&
    s = pthread_attr_getstack(attr, &stkaddr, &v);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_getstack");
    printf("%sStack address       = %p\en", prefix, stkaddr);
    printf("%sStack size          = %#zx bytes\en", prefix, v);
}
\&
static void *
thread_start(void *arg)
{
    int s;
    pthread_attr_t gattr;
\&
    /* pthread_getattr_np() is a non\-standard GNU extension that
       retrieves the attributes of the thread specified in its
       first argument. */
\&
    s = pthread_getattr_np(pthread_self(), &gattr);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_getattr_np");
\&
    printf("Thread attributes:\en");
    display_pthread_attr(&gattr, "\et");
\&
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);         /* Terminate all threads */
}
\&
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    pthread_t thr;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    pthread_attr_t *attrp;      /* NULL or &attr */
    int s;
\&
    attrp = NULL;
\&
    /* If a command\-line argument was supplied, use it to set the
       stack\-size attribute and set a few other thread attributes,
       and set attrp pointing to thread attributes object. */
\&
    if (argc > 1) {
        size_t stack_size;
        void *sp;
\&
        attrp = &attr;
\&
        s = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_init");
\&
        s = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_setdetachstate");
\&
        s = pthread_attr_setinheritsched(&attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_setinheritsched");
\&
        stack_size = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
\&
        s = posix_memalign(&sp, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), stack_size);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "posix_memalign");
\&
        printf("posix_memalign() allocated at %p\en", sp);
\&
        s = pthread_attr_setstack(&attr, sp, stack_size);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_setstack");
    }
\&
    s = pthread_create(&thr, attrp, &thread_start, NULL);
    if (s != 0)
        errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_create");
\&
    if (attrp != NULL) {
        s = pthread_attr_destroy(attrp);
        if (s != 0)
            errc(EXIT_FAILURE, s, "pthread_attr_destroy");
    }
\&
    pause();    /* Terminates when other thread calls exit() */
}
.EE
.\" SRC END
.SH SEE ALSO
.ad l
.nh
.BR pthread_attr_setaffinity_np (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setdetachstate (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setguardsize (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setinheritsched (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setschedparam (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setschedpolicy (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setscope (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setsigmask_np (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setstack (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setstackaddr (3),
.BR pthread_attr_setstacksize (3),
.BR pthread_create (3),
.BR pthread_getattr_np (3),
.BR pthread_setattr_default_np (3),
.BR pthreads (7)