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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-13 12:24:36 +0000
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+MariaDB and MySQL have identical install methods. In this document we
+describe how to install MariaDB.
+
+The full documentation for installing MariaDB can be found at
+https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/binary-packages/
+However most documentation at www.mysql.com also applies.
+
+2.2. Installing MariaDB from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux
+
+ This section covers the installation of MariaDB binary distributions
+ that are provided for various platforms in the form of compressed
+ tar files (files with a .tar.gz extension).
+
+ MariaDB tar file binary distributions have names of the form
+ mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example,
+ 5.1.39), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which
+ the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686).
+
+ You need the following tools to install a MariaDB tar file binary
+ distribution:
+
+ * GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution.
+
+ * A reasonable tar to unpack the distribution. GNU tar is known
+ to work. Some operating systems come with a preinstalled
+ version of tar that is known to have problems. For example,
+ the tar provided with early versions of Mac OS X, SunOS 4.x,
+ Solaris 8, Solaris 9, Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris, and HP-UX
+ are known to have problems with long file names. On Mac OS X,
+ you can use the preinstalled gnutar program. On Solaris 10 and
+ OpenSolaris you can use the preinstalled gtar. On other
+ systems with a deficient tar, you should install GNU tar
+ first.
+
+ If you run into problems and need to file a bug report,
+ please report them to: https://mariadb.org/jira
+
+ See the instructions at
+ https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-community-bug-reporting
+
+ The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a
+ MariaDB binary distribution are:
+
+shell> groupadd mysql
+shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
+shell> cd /usr/local
+shell> gunzip < /path/to/mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
+shell> ln -s full-path-to-mariadb-VERSION-OS mysql
+shell> cd mysql
+shell> chown -R mysql .
+shell> chgrp -R mysql .
+shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
+shell> chown -R root .
+shell> chown -R mysql data
+shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
+
+Note
+
+ This procedure does not set up any passwords for MariaDB accounts.
+ After following the procedure, proceed to Section 2.13,
+ "Post-Installation Setup and Testing."
+
+ A more detailed version of the preceding description for
+ installing a binary distribution follows:
+
+ 1. Add a login user and group for mysqld to run as:
+shell> groupadd mysql
+shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
+ These commands add the mysql group and the mysql user. The
+ syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on
+ different versions of Unix, or they may have different names
+ such as adduser and addgroup.
+ You might want to call the user and group something else
+ instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in
+ the following steps.
+
+ 2. Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the
+ distribution and change location into it. In the following
+ example, we unpack the distribution under /usr/local. (The
+ instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to
+ create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory
+ is protected, you must perform the installation as root.)
+shell> cd /usr/local
+
+ 3. Obtain a distribution file using the instructions at
+ https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/where-to-download-mariadb/
+ The description below describes how to install a MariaDB tar file.
+
+ 4. Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation
+ directory. Then create a symbolic link to that directory:
+shell> gunzip < /path/to/mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
+shell> ln -s full-path-to-mariadb-VERSION-OS mysql
+ The tar command creates a directory named mariadb-VERSION-OS.
+ The ln command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This
+ lets you refer more easily to the installation directory as
+ /usr/local/mysql.
+ With GNU tar, no separate invocation of gunzip is necessary.
+ You can replace the first line with the following alternative
+ command to uncompress and extract the distribution:
+shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
+
+ 5. Change location into the installation directory:
+shell> cd mysql
+ You will find several files and subdirectories in the mysql
+ directory. The most important for installation purposes are
+ the bin and scripts subdirectories:
+
+ + The bin directory contains client programs and the
+ server. You should add the full path name of this
+ directory to your PATH environment variable so that your
+ shell finds the MariaDB programs properly. See Section
+ 2.14, "Environment Variables."
+
+ + The scripts directory contains the mysql_install_db
+ script used to initialize the mysql database containing
+ the grant tables that store the server access
+ permissions.
+
+ 6. Ensure that the distribution contents are accessible to mysql.
+ If you unpacked the distribution as mysql, no further action
+ is required. If you unpacked the distribution as root, its
+ contents will be owned by root. Change its ownership to mysql
+ by executing the following commands as root in the
+ installation directory:
+shell> chown -R mysql .
+shell> chgrp -R mysql .
+ The first command changes the owner attribute of the files to
+ the mysql user. The second changes the group attribute to the
+ mysql group.
+
+ 7. If you have not installed MariaDB before, you must create the
+ MariaDB data directory and initialize the grant tables:
+shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
+ If you run the command as root, include the --user option as
+ shown. If you run the command while logged in as that user,
+ you can omit the --user option.
+ The command should create the data directory and its contents
+ with mysql as the owner.
+ After creating or updating the grant tables, you need to
+ restart the server manually.
+
+ 8. Most of the MariaDB installation can be owned by root if you
+ like. The exception is that the data directory must be owned
+ by mysql. To accomplish this, run the following commands as
+ root in the installation directory:
+
+shell> chown -R root .
+shell> chown -R mysql data
+
+ 9. If you want MariaDB to start automatically when you boot your
+ machine, you can copy support-files/mysql.server to the
+ location where your system has its startup files. More
+ information can be found in the support-files/mysql.server
+ script itself and at
+ https://mariadb.com/kb/en/starting-and-stopping-mariadb-automatically.
+ 10. You can set up new accounts using the bin/mysql_setpermission
+ script if you install the DBI and DBD::MariaDB Perl modules. See
+ Section 4.6.14, "mysql_setpermission --- Interactively Set
+ Permissions in Grant Tables." For Perl module installation
+ instructions, see Section 2.15, "Perl Installation Notes."
+ 11. If you would like to use mysqlaccess and have the MariaDB
+ distribution in some nonstandard location, you must change the
+ location where mysqlaccess expects to find the mysql client.
+ Edit the bin/mysqlaccess script at approximately line 18.
+ Search for a line that looks like this:
+$MYSQL = '/usr/local/bin/mysql'; # path to mysql executable
+ Change the path to reflect the location where mysql actually
+ is stored on your system. If you do not do this, a Broken pipe
+ error will occur when you run mysqlaccess.
+
+ After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should test
+ your distribution. To start the MariaDB server, use the following
+ command:
+shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
+
+ If you run the command as root, you must use the --user option as
+ shown. The value of the option is the name of the login account
+ that you created in the first step to use for running the server.
+ If you run the command while logged in as mysql, you can omit the
+ --user option.
+
+ If the command fails immediately and prints mysqld ended, you can
+ find some information in the host_name.err file in the data
+ directory.
+
+ More information about mysqld_safe can be found at
+ https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mysqld_safe
+
+Note
+
+ The accounts that are listed in the MariaDB grant tables initially
+ have no passwords. After starting the server, you should set up
+ passwords for them using the instructions in Section 2.13,
+ "Post-Installation Setup and Testing."