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+/* I/O block size definitions for coreutils
+ Copyright (C) 1989-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+/* Include this file _after_ system headers if possible. */
+
+/* sys/stat.h will already have been included by system.h. */
+#include "lib/stat-size.h"
+
+/* *INDENT-OFF* */
+
+/* As of May 2014, 128KiB is determined to be the minimum
+ blksize to best minimize system call overhead.
+ This can be tested with this script:
+
+ for i in $(seq 0 10); do
+ bs=$((1024*2**$i))
+ printf "%7s=" $bs
+ timeout --foreground -sINT 2 \
+ dd bs=$bs if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null 2>&1 \
+ | sed -n 's/.* \([0-9.]* [GM]B\/s\)/\1/p'
+ done
+
+ With the results shown for these systems:
+ system #1: 1.7GHz pentium-m with 400MHz DDR2 RAM, arch=i686
+ system #2: 2.1GHz i3-2310M with 1333MHz DDR3 RAM, arch=x86_64
+ system #3: 3.2GHz i7-970 with 1333MHz DDR3, arch=x86_64
+ system #4: 2.20GHz Xeon E5-2660 with 1333MHz DDR3, arch=x86_64
+ system #5: 2.30GHz i7-3615QM with 1600MHz DDR3, arch=x86_64
+ system #6: 1.30GHz i5-4250U with 1-channel 1600MHz DDR3, arch=x86_64
+ system #7: 3.55GHz IBM,8231-E2B with 1066MHz DDR3, POWER7 revision 2.1
+
+ per-system transfer rate (GB/s)
+ blksize #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1024 .73 1.7 2.6 .64 1.0 2.5 1.3
+ 2048 1.3 3.0 4.4 1.2 2.0 4.4 2.5
+ 4096 2.4 5.1 6.5 2.3 3.7 7.4 4.8
+ 8192 3.5 7.3 8.5 4.0 6.0 10.4 9.2
+ 16384 3.9 9.4 10.1 6.3 8.3 13.3 16.8
+ 32768 5.2 9.9 11.1 8.1 10.7 13.2 28.0
+ 65536 5.3 11.2 12.0 10.6 12.8 16.1 41.4
+ 131072 5.5 11.8 12.3 12.1 14.0 16.7 54.8
+ 262144 5.7 11.6 12.5 12.3 14.7 16.4 40.0
+ 524288 5.7 11.4 12.5 12.1 14.7 15.5 34.5
+ 1048576 5.8 11.4 12.6 12.2 14.9 15.7 36.5
+
+
+ Note that this is to minimize system call overhead.
+ Other values may be appropriate to minimize file system
+ or disk overhead. For example on my current GNU/Linux system
+ the readahead setting is 128KiB which was read using:
+
+ file="."
+ device=$(df --output=source --local "$file" | tail -n1)
+ echo $(( $(blockdev --getra $device) * 512 ))
+
+ However there isn't a portable way to get the above.
+ In the future we could use the above method if available
+ and default to io_blksize() if not.
+ */
+
+
+enum { IO_BUFSIZE = 128 * 1024 };
+
+/* *INDENT-ON* */
+
+static inline size_t
+io_blksize (struct stat sb)
+{
+ size_t blksize = ST_BLKSIZE (sb);
+
+ return MAX (IO_BUFSIZE, blksize);
+}