Adding upstream version 0.36.upstream/0.36

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 917 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/device.c b/src/device.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8475f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/device.c
@@ -0,0 +1,917 @@
+/*
+ *  device.c:  Device routines for nwipe.
+ *
+ *  Copyright Darik Horn <dajhorn-dban@vanadac.com>.
+ *
+ *  Modifications to original dwipe Copyright Andy Beverley <andy@andybev.com>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ *  the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, version 2.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ *  FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more
+ *  details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "nwipe.h"
+#include "context.h"
+#include "device.h"
+#include "method.h"
+#include "options.h"
+#include "logging.h"
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <linux/hdreg.h>  // Drive specific defs
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "hpa_dco.h"
+#include "miscellaneous.h"
+
+#include <parted/parted.h>
+#include <parted/debug.h>
+
+int check_device( nwipe_context_t*** c, PedDevice* dev, int dcount );
+char* trim( char* str );
+
+extern int terminate_signal;
+
+int nwipe_device_scan( nwipe_context_t*** c )
+{
+    /**
+     * Scans the filesystem for storage device names.
+     *
+     * @parameter device_names  A reference to a null array pointer.
+     * @modifies  device_names  Populates device_names with an array of nwipe_context_t
+     * @returns                 The number of strings in the device_names array.
+     *
+     */
+
+    PedDevice* dev = NULL;
+    ped_device_probe_all();
+
+    int dcount = 0;
+
+    while( ( dev = ped_device_get_next( dev ) ) )
+    {
+        /* to have some progress indication. can help if there are many/slow disks */
+        fprintf( stderr, "." );
+
+        if( check_device( c, dev, dcount ) )
+            dcount++;
+
+        /* Don't bother scanning drives if the terminate signal is active ! as in the case of
+         * the readlink program missing which is required if the --nousb option has been specified */
+        if( terminate_signal == 1 )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Return the number of devices that were found. */
+    return dcount;
+
+} /* nwipe_device_scan */
+
+int nwipe_device_get( nwipe_context_t*** c, char** devnamelist, int ndevnames )
+{
+    PedDevice* dev = NULL;
+
+    int i;
+    int dcount = 0;
+
+    for( i = 0; i < ndevnames; i++ )
+    {
+        /* to have some progress indication. can help if there are many/slow disks */
+        fprintf( stderr, "." );
+
+        dev = ped_device_get( devnamelist[i] );
+        if( !dev )
+        {
+            nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Device %s not found", devnamelist[i] );
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if( check_device( c, dev, dcount ) )
+            dcount++;
+
+        /* Don't bother scanning drives if the terminate signal is active ! as in the case of
+         * the readlink program missing which is required if the --nousb option has been specified */
+        if( terminate_signal == 1 )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Return the number of devices that were found. */
+    return dcount;
+
+} /* nwipe_device_get */
+
+int check_device( nwipe_context_t*** c, PedDevice* dev, int dcount )
+{
+    /* Populate this struct, then assign it to overall array of structs. */
+    nwipe_context_t* next_device;
+    int fd;
+    int idx;
+    int r;
+    char tmp_serial[NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH + 1];
+    nwipe_device_t bus;
+    int is_ssd;
+    int check_HPA;  // a flag that indicates whether we check for a HPA on this device
+
+    bus = 0;
+
+    /* Check whether this drive is on the excluded drive list ? */
+    idx = 0;
+    while( idx < MAX_NUMBER_EXCLUDED_DRIVES )
+    {
+        if( !strcmp( dev->path, nwipe_options.exclude[idx++] ) )
+        {
+            nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_NOTICE, "Device %s excluded as per command line option -e", dev->path );
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Check whether the user has specified using the --nousb option
+     * that all USB devices should not be displayed or wiped whether
+     * in GUI, --nogui or --autonuke modes */
+
+    if( nwipe_options.nousb )
+    {
+        /* retrieve bus and drive serial number, HOWEVER we are only interested in the bus at this time */
+        r = nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno( dev->path, &bus, &is_ssd, tmp_serial );
+
+        /* See nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno() function for meaning of these codes */
+        if( r == 0 || ( r >= 3 && r <= 6 ) )
+        {
+            if( bus == NWIPE_DEVICE_USB )
+            {
+                nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_NOTICE, "Device %s ignored as per command line option --nousb", dev->path );
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( r == 2 )
+            {
+                nwipe_log(
+                    NWIPE_LOG_NOTICE, "--nousb requires the 'readlink' program, please install readlink", dev->path );
+                terminate_signal = 1;
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Try opening the device to see if it's valid. Close on completion. */
+    if( !ped_device_open( dev ) )
+    {
+        nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_FATAL, "Unable to open device" );
+        return 0;
+    }
+    ped_device_close( dev );
+
+    /* New device, reallocate memory for additional struct pointer */
+    *c = realloc( *c, ( dcount + 1 ) * sizeof( nwipe_context_t* ) );
+
+    next_device = malloc( sizeof( nwipe_context_t ) );
+
+    /* Check the allocation. */
+    if( !next_device )
+    {
+        nwipe_perror( errno, __FUNCTION__, "malloc" );
+        nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_FATAL, "Unable to create the array of enumeration contexts." );
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Zero the allocation. */
+    memset( next_device, 0, sizeof( nwipe_context_t ) );
+
+    /* Get device information */
+    next_device->device_model = dev->model;
+    remove_ATA_prefix( next_device->device_model );
+
+    /* Some USB adapters have drive model endian swapped, pattern match and fix */
+    fix_endian_model_names( next_device->device_model );
+
+    /* full device name, i.e. /dev/sda */
+    next_device->device_name = dev->path;
+
+    /* remove /dev/ from device, right justify and prefix name so string length is eight characters */
+    nwipe_strip_path( next_device->device_name_without_path, next_device->device_name );
+
+    /* To maintain column alignment in the gui we have to remove /dev/ from device names that
+     * exceed eight characters including the /dev/ path.
+     */
+    if( strlen( next_device->device_name ) > MAX_LENGTH_OF_DEVICE_STRING )
+    {
+        strcpy( next_device->gui_device_name, next_device->device_name_without_path );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        strcpy( next_device->gui_device_name, next_device->device_name );
+    }
+
+    next_device->device_size = dev->length * dev->sector_size;
+    next_device->device_sector_size = dev->sector_size;  // logical sector size
+    next_device->device_block_size = dev->sector_size;  // set as logical but could be a multiple of logical sector size
+    next_device->device_phys_sector_size = dev->phys_sector_size;  // physical sector size
+    next_device->device_size_in_sectors = next_device->device_size / next_device->device_sector_size;
+    next_device->device_size_in_512byte_sectors = next_device->device_size / 512;
+    Determine_C_B_nomenclature( next_device->device_size, next_device->device_size_txt, NWIPE_DEVICE_SIZE_TXT_LENGTH );
+    next_device->device_size_text = next_device->device_size_txt;
+    next_device->result = -2;
+
+    /* Attempt to get serial number of device.
+     */
+    next_device->device_serial_no[0] = 0; /* initialise the serial number */
+
+    if( ( fd = open( next_device->device_name = dev->path, O_RDONLY ) ) == ERR )
+    {
+        nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Unable to open device %s to obtain serial number", next_device->device_name );
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We don't check the ioctl return status because there are plenty of situations where a serial number may not be
+     * returned by ioctl such as USB drives, logical volumes, encryted volumes, so the log file would have multiple
+     * benign ioctl errors reported which isn't necessarily a problem.
+     */
+    ioctl( fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &next_device->identity );
+    close( fd );
+
+    for( idx = 0; idx < NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH; idx++ )
+    {
+        if( isascii( next_device->identity.serial_no[idx] ) && !iscntrl( next_device->identity.serial_no[idx] ) )
+        {
+            next_device->device_serial_no[idx] = next_device->identity.serial_no[idx];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Terminate the string.
+    next_device->device_serial_no[idx] = 0;
+
+    // Remove leading/trailing whitespace from serial number and left justify.
+    trim( (char*) next_device->device_serial_no );
+
+    /* if we couldn't obtain serial number by using the above method .. try this */
+    r = nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno(
+        next_device->device_name, &next_device->device_type, &next_device->device_is_ssd, tmp_serial );
+
+    /* If serial number & bus retrieved (0) OR unsupported USB bus identified (5) */
+    if( r == 0 || r == 5 )
+    {
+        /* If the serial number hasn't already been populated */
+        if( next_device->device_serial_no[0] == 0 )
+        {
+            strncpy( next_device->device_serial_no, tmp_serial, NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Does the user want to anonymize serial numbers ? */
+    if( nwipe_options.quiet )
+    {
+        if( next_device->device_serial_no[0] == 0 )
+        {
+            strncpy( next_device->device_serial_no, "????????????????????", NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH + 1 );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            strncpy( next_device->device_serial_no, "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH + 1 );
+        }
+    }
+    /* strncpy would have copied the null terminator BUT just to be sure, just in case somebody changes the length
+     * of those strings we should explicitly terminate the string */
+    next_device->device_serial_no[NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH] = 0;
+
+    /* Initialise the variables that toggle the [size][temp c] with [HPA status]
+     * Not currently used, but may be used in the future or for other purposes
+     */
+    next_device->HPA_toggle_time = time( NULL );
+    next_device->HPA_display_toggle_state = 0;
+
+    /* Initialise the HPA variables for this device
+     */
+    next_device->HPA_reported_set = 0;
+    next_device->HPA_reported_real = 0;
+    next_device->DCO_reported_real_max_sectors = 0;
+    next_device->HPA_status = HPA_NOT_APPLICABLE;
+
+    /* All device strings should be 4 characters, prefix with space if under 4 characters
+     * We also set a switch for certain devices to check for the host protected area (HPA)
+     */
+    check_HPA = 0;
+
+    // WARNING TEMP LINE WARNING
+    // next_device->device_type = NWIPE_DEVICE_ATA;
+
+    switch( next_device->device_type )
+    {
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " UNK" );
+            check_HPA = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_IDE:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " IDE" );
+            check_HPA = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_SCSI:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " SCSI" );
+            check_HPA = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_COMPAQ:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " CPQ" );
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_USB:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " USB" );
+            check_HPA = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_IEEE1394:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, "1394" );
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_ATA:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " ATA" );
+            check_HPA = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_NVME:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, "NVME" );
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_VIRT:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, "VIRT" );
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_SAS:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " SAS" );
+            check_HPA = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case NWIPE_DEVICE_MMC:
+            strcpy( next_device->device_type_str, " MMC" );
+            break;
+    }
+    if( next_device->device_is_ssd )
+    {
+        strcpy( next_device->device_type_str + 4, "-SSD" );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        strcpy( next_device->device_type_str + 4, "    " );
+    }
+
+    if( strlen( (const char*) next_device->device_serial_no ) )
+    {
+        snprintf( next_device->device_label,
+                  NWIPE_DEVICE_LABEL_LENGTH,
+                  "%s %s [%s] %s/%s",
+                  next_device->device_name,
+                  next_device->device_type_str,
+                  next_device->device_size_text,
+                  next_device->device_model,
+                  next_device->device_serial_no );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        snprintf( next_device->device_label,
+                  NWIPE_DEVICE_LABEL_LENGTH,
+                  "%s %s [%s] %s",
+                  next_device->device_name,
+                  next_device->device_type_str,
+                  next_device->device_size_text,
+                  next_device->device_model );
+    }
+
+    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_NOTICE,
+               "Found %s, %s, %s, %s, S/N=%s",
+               next_device->device_name,
+               next_device->device_type_str,
+               next_device->device_model,
+               next_device->device_size_text,
+               next_device->device_serial_no );
+
+    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_INFO,
+               "%s, sector(logical)/block(physical) sizes %i/%i",
+               next_device->device_name,
+               dev->sector_size,
+               dev->phys_sector_size );
+
+    /******************************
+     * Check for hidden sector_size
+     */
+    if( check_HPA == 1 )
+    {
+        hpa_dco_status( next_device );
+    }
+
+    /* print an empty line to separate the drives in the log */
+    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_INFO, " " );
+
+    ( *c )[dcount] = next_device;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Remove leading/trailing whitespace from a string and left justify result */
+char* trim( char* str )
+{
+    size_t len = 0;
+    char* frontp = str;
+    char* endp = NULL;
+
+    if( str == NULL )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if( str[0] == '\0' )
+    {
+        return str;
+    }
+    len = strlen( str );
+    endp = str + len;
+
+    /*
+     * Move the front and back pointers to address the first non-whitespace
+     * characters from each end.
+     */
+    while( isspace( (unsigned char) *frontp ) )
+    {
+        ++frontp;
+    }
+    if( endp != frontp )
+    {
+        while( isspace( (unsigned char) *( --endp ) ) && endp != frontp )
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    if( str + len - 1 != endp )
+        *( endp + 1 ) = '\0';
+    else if( frontp != str && endp == frontp )
+        *str = '\0';
+    /*
+     * Shift the string so that it starts at str so that if it's dynamically
+     * allocated, we can still free it on the returned pointer.  Note the reuse
+     * of endp to mean the front of the string buffer now.
+     */
+    endp = str;
+    if( frontp != str )
+    {
+        while( *frontp )
+        {
+            *endp++ = *frontp++;
+        }
+        *endp = '\0';
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+int nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno( char* device, nwipe_device_t* bus, int* is_ssd, char* serialnumber )
+{
+    /* The caller provides a string that contains the device, i.e. /dev/sdc, also a pointer
+     * to an integer (bus type), another pointer to an integer (is_ssd), and finally a 21 byte
+     * character string which this function populates with the serial number (20 characters + null terminator).
+     *
+     * The function populates the bus integer and serial number strings for the given device.
+     * Results for bus would typically be ATA or USB see nwipe_device_t in context.h
+     *
+     * Return Values:
+     * 0 = Success
+     * 1 = popen failed to create stream for readlink
+     * 2 = readlink exit code not 0, see nwipe logs
+     * 3 = popen failed to create stream for smartctl
+     * 4 = smartctl command not found, install smartmontools
+     * 5 = smartctl detected unsupported USB to IDE/SATA adapter
+     * 6 = All other errors !
+     *
+     */
+
+    FILE* fp;
+
+    int r;  // A result buffer.
+    int idx_src;
+    int idx_dest;
+    int device_len;
+    int set_return_value;
+    int exit_status;
+    int idx;
+    int idx2;
+
+    char readlink_command[] = "readlink /sys/block/%s";
+    char readlink_command2[] = "/usr/bin/readlink /sys/block/%s";
+    char readlink_command3[] = "/sbin/readlink /sys/block/%s";
+    char smartctl_command[] = "smartctl -i %s";
+    char smartctl_command2[] = "/sbin/smartctl -i %s";
+    char smartctl_command3[] = "/usr/bin/smartctl -i %s";
+    char device_shortform[50];
+    char result[512];
+    char final_cmd_readlink[sizeof( readlink_command ) + sizeof( device_shortform )];
+    char final_cmd_smartctl[sizeof( smartctl_command ) + 256];
+    char* pResult;
+    char smartctl_labels_to_anonymize[][18] = {
+        "serial number:", "lu wwn device id:", "logical unit id:", "" /* Don't remove this empty string !, important */
+    };
+
+    /* Initialise return value */
+    set_return_value = 0;
+
+    *bus = 0;
+
+    /* Scan device name and if device is for instance /dev/sdx then convert to sdx
+     * If already sdx then just copy. */
+
+    idx_dest = 0;
+    device_shortform[idx_dest] = 0;
+    device_len = strlen( device );
+    idx_src = device_len;
+
+    while( idx_src >= 0 )
+    {
+        if( device[idx_src] == '/' || idx_src == 0 )
+        {
+            idx_src++;
+
+            /* Now scan forwards copying the short form device i.e sdc */
+            while( idx_src < device_len )
+            {
+                device_shortform[idx_dest++] = device[idx_src++];
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            idx_src--;
+        }
+    }
+    device_shortform[idx_dest] = 0;
+
+    final_cmd_readlink[0] = 0;
+
+    /* Determine whether we can access readlink, required if the PATH environment is not setup ! (Debian sid 'su' as
+     * opposed to 'su -' */
+    if( system( "which readlink > /dev/null 2>&1" ) )
+    {
+        if( system( "which /sbin/readlink > /dev/null 2>&1" ) )
+        {
+            if( system( "which /usr/bin/readlink > /dev/null 2>&1" ) )
+            {
+                nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Command not found. Install readlink !" );
+                set_return_value = 2;
+
+                /* Return immediately if --nousb specified. Readlink is a requirement for this option. */
+                if( nwipe_options.nousb )
+                {
+                    return set_return_value;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                sprintf( final_cmd_readlink, readlink_command3, device_shortform );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sprintf( final_cmd_readlink, readlink_command2, device_shortform );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        sprintf( final_cmd_readlink, readlink_command, device_shortform );
+    }
+
+    if( final_cmd_readlink[0] != 0 )
+    {
+
+        fp = popen( final_cmd_readlink, "r" );
+
+        if( fp == NULL )
+        {
+            nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING,
+                       "nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno: Failed to create stream to %s",
+                       readlink_command );
+
+            set_return_value = 1;
+        }
+
+        if( fp != NULL )
+        {
+            /* Read the output a line at a time - output it. */
+            if( fgets( result, sizeof( result ) - 1, fp ) != NULL )
+            {
+                if( nwipe_options.verbose )
+                {
+                    strip_CR_LF( result );
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_DEBUG, "Readlink: %s", result );
+                }
+
+                /* Scan the readlink results for bus types, i.e. USB or ATA
+                 * Example: readlink
+                 * /sys/block/sdd../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.3/2-1.3:1.0/host6/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0/block/sdd
+                 */
+
+                if( strstr( result, "/usb" ) != 0 )
+                {
+                    *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_USB;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if( strstr( result, "/ata" ) != 0 )
+                    {
+                        *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_ATA;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if( strstr( result, "/nvme/" ) != 0 )
+                        {
+                            *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_NVME;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if( strstr( result, "/virtual/" ) != 0 )
+                            {
+                                *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_VIRT;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if( strstr( result, "/mmcblk" ) != 0 )
+                                {
+                                    *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_MMC;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            /* close */
+            r = pclose( fp );
+
+            if( r > 0 )
+            {
+                exit_status = WEXITSTATUS( r );
+                if( nwipe_options.verbose )
+                {
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING,
+                               "nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno(): readlink failed, \"%s\" exit status = %u",
+                               final_cmd_readlink,
+                               exit_status );
+                }
+
+                if( exit_status == 127 )
+                {
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Command not found. Install Readlink recommended !" );
+                    set_return_value = 2;
+                    if( nwipe_options.nousb )
+                    {
+                        return set_return_value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Retrieve smartmontools drive information if USB bridge supports it, so we can retrieve the serial number of the
+     * drive that's on the other side of the USB bridge.. */
+
+    final_cmd_smartctl[0] = 0;
+
+    /* Determine whether we can access smartctl, required if the PATH environment is not setup ! (Debian sid 'su' as
+     * opposed to 'su -' */
+    if( system( "which smartctl > /dev/null 2>&1" ) )
+    {
+        if( system( "which /sbin/smartctl > /dev/null 2>&1" ) )
+        {
+            if( system( "which /usr/bin/smartctl > /dev/null 2>&1" ) )
+            {
+                nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Command not found. Install smartmontools !" );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                sprintf( final_cmd_smartctl, smartctl_command3, device );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sprintf( final_cmd_smartctl, smartctl_command2, device );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        sprintf( final_cmd_smartctl, smartctl_command, device );
+    }
+
+    if( final_cmd_smartctl[0] != 0 )
+    {
+        fp = popen( final_cmd_smartctl, "r" );
+
+        if( fp == NULL )
+        {
+            nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING,
+                       "nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno(): Failed to create stream to %s",
+                       smartctl_command );
+
+            set_return_value = 3;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* Read the output a line at a time - output it. */
+            while( fgets( result, sizeof( result ) - 1, fp ) != NULL )
+            {
+                /* Convert the label, i.e everything before the ':' to lower case, it's required to
+                 * convert to lower case as smartctl seems to use inconsistent case when labeling
+                 * for serial number, i.e mostly it produces labels "Serial Number:" but occasionally
+                 * it produces a label "Serial number:" */
+
+                idx = 0;
+                while( result[idx] != 0 && result[idx] != ':' )
+                {
+                    /* If upper case alpha character, change to lower case */
+                    if( result[idx] >= 'A' && result[idx] <= 'Z' )
+                    {
+                        result[idx] = tolower( result[idx] );
+                    }
+
+                    idx++;
+                }
+
+                if( nwipe_options.verbose && result[0] != 0x0A )
+                {
+                    strip_CR_LF( result );
+
+                    /* Remove serial number if -q option specified */
+                    if( nwipe_options.quiet )
+                    {
+                        /* initialise index into string array */
+                        idx2 = 0;
+
+                        while( smartctl_labels_to_anonymize[idx2][0] != 0 )
+                        {
+                            if( ( pResult = strstr( result, &smartctl_labels_to_anonymize[idx2][0] ) ) != 0 )
+                            {
+                                /* set index to character after end of label string */
+                                idx = strlen( &smartctl_labels_to_anonymize[idx2][0] );
+
+                                /* Ignore spaces, overwrite other characters */
+                                while( *( pResult + idx ) != 0x0A && *( pResult + idx ) != 0x0D
+                                       && *( pResult + idx ) != 0 && idx <= sizeof( result ) - 1 )
+                                {
+                                    if( *( pResult + idx ) == ' ' )
+                                    {
+                                        idx++;
+                                        continue;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        /* ignore if the serial number has been written over with '?' */
+                                        if( *( pResult + idx ) != '?' )
+                                        {
+                                            *( pResult + idx ) = 'X';
+                                        }
+                                        idx++;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            idx2++;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_INFO, "smartctl: %s", result );
+                }
+
+                if( strstr( result, "serial number:" ) != 0 )
+                {
+                    /* strip any leading or trailing spaces and left justify, +15 is the length of "Serial Number:" */
+                    trim( &result[15] );
+
+                    strncpy( serialnumber, &result[15], NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH );
+                    serialnumber[NWIPE_SERIALNUMBER_LENGTH] = 0;
+                }
+
+                if( *bus == 0 )
+                {
+                    if( strstr( result, "transport protocol:" ) != 0 )
+                    {
+                        /* strip any leading or trailing spaces and left justify, +4 is the length of "bus type:" */
+                        trim( &result[19] );
+                        for( idx = 19; result[idx]; idx++ )
+                        {
+                            result[idx] = tolower( result[idx] );
+                        }
+
+                        if( strncmp( &result[19], "sas", 3 ) == 0 )
+                        {
+                            *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_SAS;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if( strstr( result, "sata version is:" ) != 0 )
+                    {
+
+                        /* strip any leading or trailing spaces and left justify, +4 is the length of "bus type:" */
+                        trim( &result[16] );
+                        for( idx = 16; result[idx]; idx++ )
+                        {
+                            result[idx] = tolower( result[idx] );
+                        }
+
+                        if( strncmp( &result[16], "sata", 4 ) == 0 )
+                        {
+                            *bus = NWIPE_DEVICE_ATA;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if( strstr( result, "rotation rate:" ) != 0 )
+                {
+                    /* strip any leading or trailing spaces and left justify, +15 is the length of "Rotation Rate:" */
+                    trim( &result[15] );
+                    for( idx = 15; result[idx]; idx++ )
+                    {
+                        result[idx] = tolower( result[idx] );
+                    }
+
+                    if( strncmp( &result[15], "solid state device", 19 ) == 0 )
+                    {
+                        *is_ssd = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* close */
+            r = pclose( fp );
+
+            if( r > 0 )
+            {
+                exit_status = WEXITSTATUS( r );
+                if( nwipe_options.verbose && exit_status != 1 )
+                {
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING,
+                               "nwipe_get_device_bus_type_and_serialno(): smartctl failed, \"%s\" exit status = %u",
+                               final_cmd_smartctl,
+                               exit_status );
+                }
+                set_return_value = 6;
+
+                if( exit_status == 127 )
+                {
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Command not found. Install Smartctl recommended !" );
+
+                    set_return_value = 4;
+                }
+
+                if( exit_status == 1 )
+                {
+                    nwipe_log( NWIPE_LOG_WARNING, "Smartctl is unable to provide smart data for %s", device );
+
+                    if( *bus == NWIPE_DEVICE_USB || *bus == NWIPE_DEVICE_MMC )
+                    {
+                        strcpy( serialnumber, "(S/N: unknown)" );
+                        set_return_value = 5;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return set_return_value;
+}
+
+void remove_ATA_prefix( char* str )
+{
+    /* Remove "ATA" prefix if present in the model no. string, left justifing string */
+
+    int idx_pre = 4;
+    int idx_post = 0;
+
+    if( !strncmp( str, "ATA ", 4 ) )
+    {
+        while( str[idx_pre] != 0 )
+        {
+            str[idx_post++] = str[idx_pre++];
+        }
+
+        str[idx_post] = 0;
+    }
+}