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|
openssh (1:9.7p1-6) UNRELEASED; urgency=medium
Debian's PAM configuration for OpenSSH no longer reads the
~/.pam_environment file. The implementation of this in pam_env has a
history of security problems and has been deprecated by the upstream
Linux-PAM maintainers due to the possibility that "user supplied
environment variables in the PAM environment could affect behavior of
subsequent modules in the stack without the consent of the system
administrator".
Instead, environment variables need to be set somewhere that will be
handled by the session process; for most users, this will be shell
initialization files such as ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Thu, 23 May 2024 19:17:29 +0100
openssh (1:9.5p1-1) experimental; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 9.5p1 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh-keygen(1): generate Ed25519 keys by default. Ed25519 public keys
are very convenient due to their small size. Ed25519 keys are specified
in RFC 8709 and OpenSSH has supported them since version 6.5 (January
2014).
* sshd(8): the Subsystem directive now accurately preserves quoting of
subsystem commands and arguments. This may change behaviour for exotic
configurations, but the most common subsystem configuration
(sftp-server) is unlikely to be affected.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Thu, 23 Nov 2023 17:38:07 +0000
openssh (1:9.4p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 9.4p1 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh-agent(1): PKCS#11 modules must now be specified by their full
paths. Previously dlopen(3) could search for them in system library
directories.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sat, 02 Sep 2023 21:02:53 +0100
openssh (1:9.3p2-1) unstable; urgency=high
OpenSSH 9.3p2 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh-agent(8): the agent will now refuse requests to load PKCS#11
modules issued by remote clients by default. A flag has been added to
restore the previous behaviour "-Oallow-remote-pkcs11".
Note that ssh-agent(8) depends on the SSH client to identify requests
that are remote. The OpenSSH >=8.9 ssh(1) client does this, but
forwarding access to an agent socket using other tools may circumvent
this restriction.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Wed, 19 Jul 2023 21:57:53 +0100
openssh (1:9.2p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 9.2 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1): add a new EnableEscapeCommandline ssh_config(5) option that
controls whether the client-side ~C escape sequence that provides a
command-line is available. Among other things, the ~C command-line
could be used to add additional port-forwards at runtime.
This option defaults to "no", disabling the ~C command-line that was
previously enabled by default. Turning off the command-line allows
platforms that support sandboxing of the ssh(1) client (currently only
OpenBSD) to use a stricter default sandbox policy.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Wed, 08 Feb 2023 10:36:06 +0000
openssh (1:9.1p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 9.1 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1), sshd(8): SetEnv directives in ssh_config and sshd_config are
now first-match-wins to match other directives. Previously if an
environment variable was multiply specified the last set value would
have been used.
* ssh-keygen(8): ssh-keygen -A (generate all default host key types) will
no longer generate DSA keys, as these are insecure and have not been
used by default for some years.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Mon, 14 Nov 2022 16:35:59 +0000
openssh (1:9.0p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 9.0 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* This release switches scp(1) from using the legacy scp/rcp protocol to
using the SFTP protocol by default.
Legacy scp/rcp performs wildcard expansion of remote filenames (e.g.
"scp host:* .") through the remote shell. This has the side effect of
requiring double quoting of shell meta-characters in file names
included on scp(1) command-lines, otherwise they could be interpreted
as shell commands on the remote side.
This creates one area of potential incompatibility: scp(1) when using
the SFTP protocol no longer requires this finicky and brittle quoting,
and attempts to use it may cause transfers to fail. We consider the
removal of the need for double-quoting shell characters in file names
to be a benefit and do not intend to introduce bug-compatibility for
legacy scp/rcp in scp(1) when using the SFTP protocol.
Another area of potential incompatibility relates to the use of remote
paths relative to other user's home directories, for example - "scp
host:~user/file /tmp". The SFTP protocol has no native way to expand a
~user path. However, sftp-server(8) in OpenSSH 8.7 and later support a
protocol extension "expand-path@openssh.com" to support this.
In case of incompatibility, the scp(1) client may be instructed to use
the legacy scp/rcp using the -O flag.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sat, 09 Apr 2022 14:14:10 +0100
openssh (1:8.8p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.8 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* This release disables RSA signatures using the SHA-1 hash algorithm by
default. This change has been made as the SHA-1 hash algorithm is
cryptographically broken, and it is possible to create chosen-prefix
hash collisions for <USD$50K.
For most users, this change should be invisible and there is no need to
replace ssh-rsa keys. OpenSSH has supported RFC8332 RSA/SHA-256/512
signatures since release 7.2 and existing ssh-rsa keys will
automatically use the stronger algorithm where possible.
Incompatibility is more likely when connecting to older SSH
implementations that have not been upgraded or have not closely tracked
improvements in the SSH protocol. For these cases, it may be necessary
to selectively re-enable RSA/SHA1 to allow connection and/or user
authentication via the HostkeyAlgorithms and PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms
options. For example, the following stanza in ~/.ssh/config will enable
RSA/SHA1 for host and user authentication for a single destination
host:
Host old-host
HostkeyAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
We recommend enabling RSA/SHA1 only as a stopgap measure until legacy
implementations can be upgraded or reconfigured with another key type
(such as ECDSA or Ed25519).
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Tue, 15 Feb 2022 19:20:21 +0000
openssh (1:8.7p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.7 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* scp(1): this release changes the behaviour of remote to remote copies
(e.g. "scp host-a:/path host-b:") to transfer through the local host by
default. This was previously available via the -3 flag. This mode
avoids the need to expose credentials on the origin hop, avoids
triplicate interpretation of filenames by the shell (by the local
system, the copy origin and the destination) and, in conjunction with
the SFTP support for scp(1) mentioned below, allows use of all
authentication methods to the remote hosts (previously, only
non-interactive methods could be used). A -R flag has been added to
select the old behaviour.
* ssh(1)/sshd(8): both the client and server are now using a stricter
configuration file parser. The new parser uses more shell-like rules
for quotes, space and escape characters. It is also more strict in
rejecting configurations that include options lacking arguments.
Previously some options (e.g. DenyUsers) could appear on a line with no
subsequent arguments. This release will reject such configurations. The
new parser will also reject configurations with unterminated quotes and
multiple '=' characters after the option name.
* ssh(1): when using SSHFP DNS records for host key verification, ssh(1)
will verify all matching records instead of just those with the
specific signature type requested. This may cause host key verification
problems if stale SSHFP records of a different or legacy signature type
exist alongside other records for a particular host. bz#3322
* ssh-keygen(1): when generating a FIDO key and specifying an explicit
attestation challenge (using -Ochallenge), the challenge will now be
hashed by the builtin security key middleware. This removes the
(undocumented) requirement that challenges be exactly 32 bytes in
length and matches the expectations of libfido2.
* sshd(8): environment="..." directives in authorized_keys files are now
first-match-wins and limited to 1024 discrete environment variable
names.
OpenSSH 8.5 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1), sshd(8): this release changes the first-preference signature
algorithm from ECDSA to ED25519.
* ssh(1), sshd(8): set the TOS/DSCP specified in the configuration for
interactive use prior to TCP connect. The connection phase of the SSH
session is time-sensitive and often explicitly interactive. The
ultimate interactive/bulk TOS/DSCP will be set after authentication
completes.
* ssh(1), sshd(8): remove the pre-standardization cipher
rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se. It is an alias for aes256-cbc before it
was standardized in RFC4253 (2006), has been deprecated and disabled by
default since OpenSSH 7.2 (2016) and was only briefly documented in
ssh.1 in 2001.
* ssh(1), sshd(8): update/replace the experimental post-quantum hybrid
key exchange method based on Streamlined NTRU Prime coupled with
X25519.
The previous sntrup4591761x25519-sha512@tinyssh.org method is replaced
with sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com. Per its designers, the
sntrup4591761 algorithm was superseded almost two years ago by
sntrup761.
(note this both the updated method and the one that it replaced are
disabled by default)
* ssh(1): disable CheckHostIP by default. It provides insignificant
benefits while making key rotation significantly more difficult,
especially for hosts behind IP-based load-balancers.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sat, 06 Nov 2021 12:23:47 +0000
openssh (1:8.4p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.4 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh-keygen(1): the format of the attestation information optionally
recorded when a FIDO key is generated has changed. It now includes the
authenticator data needed to validate attestation signatures.
* The API between OpenSSH and the FIDO token middleware has changed and
the SSH_SK_VERSION_MAJOR version has been incremented as a result.
Third-party middleware libraries must support the current API version
(7) to work with OpenSSH 8.4.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 18 Oct 2020 12:07:48 +0100
openssh (1:8.3p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.3 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* sftp(1): reject an argument of "-1" in the same way as ssh(1) and scp(1)
do instead of accepting and silently ignoring it.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 07 Jun 2020 13:44:04 +0100
openssh (1:8.2p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.2 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1), sshd(8), ssh-keygen(1): This release removes the "ssh-rsa"
(RSA/SHA1) algorithm from those accepted for certificate signatures
(i.e. the client and server CASignatureAlgorithms option) and will use
the rsa-sha2-512 signature algorithm by default when the ssh-keygen(1)
CA signs new certificates.
Certificates are at special risk to SHA1 collision vulnerabilities as
an attacker has effectively unlimited time in which to craft a
collision that yields them a valid certificate, far more than the
relatively brief LoginGraceTime window that they have to forge a host
key signature.
The OpenSSH certificate format includes a CA-specified (typically
random) nonce value near the start of the certificate that should make
exploitation of chosen-prefix collisions in this context challenging,
as the attacker does not have full control over the prefix that
actually gets signed. Nonetheless, SHA1 is now a demonstrably broken
algorithm and further improvements in attacks are highly likely.
OpenSSH releases prior to 7.2 do not support the newer RSA/SHA2
algorithms and will refuse to accept certificates signed by an OpenSSH
8.2+ CA using RSA keys unless the unsafe algorithm is explicitly
selected during signing ("ssh-keygen -t ssh-rsa"). Older
clients/servers may use another CA key type such as ssh-ed25519
(supported since OpenSSH 6.5) or one of the ecdsa-sha2-nistp256/384/521
types (supported since OpenSSH 5.7) instead if they cannot be upgraded.
* ssh(1), sshd(8): Remove diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 from the default
key exchange proposal for both the client and server.
* ssh-keygen(1): The command-line options related to the generation and
screening of safe prime numbers used by the
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-* key exchange algorithms have changed.
Most options have been folded under the -O flag.
* sshd(8): The sshd listener process title visible to ps(1) has changed
to include information about the number of connections that are
currently attempting authentication and the limits configured by
MaxStartups.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Fri, 21 Feb 2020 16:36:37 +0000
openssh (1:8.1p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.1 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh-keygen(1): when acting as a CA and signing certificates with an RSA
key, default to using the rsa-sha2-512 signature algorithm.
Certificates signed by RSA keys will therefore be incompatible with
OpenSSH versions prior to 7.2 unless the default is overridden (using
"ssh-keygen -t ssh-rsa -s ...").
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Thu, 10 Oct 2019 10:23:19 +0100
openssh (1:8.0p1-1) experimental; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 8.0 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* sshd(8): Remove support for obsolete "host/port" syntax.
Slash-separated host/port was added in 2001 as an alternative to
host:port syntax for the benefit of IPv6 users. These days there are
established standards for this like [::1]:22 and the slash syntax is
easily mistaken for CIDR notation, which OpenSSH supports for some
things. Remove the slash notation from ListenAddress and PermitOpen.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 09 Jun 2019 22:47:27 +0100
openssh (1:7.9p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.9 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1), sshd(8): the setting of the new CASignatureAlgorithms option
bans the use of DSA keys as certificate authorities.
* sshd(8): the authentication success/failure log message has changed
format slightly. It now includes the certificate fingerprint
(previously it included only key ID and CA key fingerprint).
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 21 Oct 2018 10:39:24 +0100
openssh (1:7.8p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.8 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh-keygen(1): Write OpenSSH format private keys by default instead of
using OpenSSL's PEM format. The OpenSSH format, supported in OpenSSH
releases since 2014 and described in the PROTOCOL.key file in the
source distribution, offers substantially better protection against
offline password guessing and supports key comments in private keys.
If necessary, it is possible to write old PEM-style keys by adding "-m
PEM" to ssh-keygen's arguments when generating or updating a key.
* sshd(8): Remove internal support for S/Key multiple factor
authentication. S/Key may still be used via PAM or BSD auth.
* ssh(1): Remove vestigial support for running ssh(1) as setuid. This
used to be required for hostbased authentication and the (long gone)
rhosts-style authentication, but has not been necessary for a long
time. Attempting to execute ssh as a setuid binary, or with uid !=
effective uid will now yield a fatal error at runtime.
* sshd(8): The semantics of PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes and the similar
HostbasedAcceptedKeyTypes options have changed. These now specify
signature algorithms that are accepted for their respective
authentication mechanism, where previously they specified accepted key
types. This distinction matters when using the RSA/SHA2 signature
algorithms "rsa-sha2-256", "rsa-sha2-512" and their certificate
counterparts. Configurations that override these options but omit
these algorithm names may cause unexpected authentication failures (no
action is required for configurations that accept the default for these
options).
* sshd(8): The precedence of session environment variables has changed.
~/.ssh/environment and environment="..." options in authorized_keys
files can no longer override SSH_* variables set implicitly by sshd.
* ssh(1)/sshd(8): The default IPQoS used by ssh/sshd has changed. They
will now use DSCP AF21 for interactive traffic and CS1 for bulk. For a
detailed rationale, please see the commit message:
https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/src/usr.bin/ssh/readconf.c#rev1.284
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Thu, 30 Aug 2018 15:35:27 +0100
openssh (1:7.6p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.6 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1): Delete SSH protocol version 1 support, associated configuration
options and documentation.
* ssh(1)/sshd(8): Remove support for the hmac-ripemd160 MAC.
* ssh(1)/sshd(8): Remove support for the arcfour, blowfish and CAST
ciphers.
* Refuse RSA keys <1024 bits in length and improve reporting for keys
that do not meet this requirement.
* ssh(1): Do not offer CBC ciphers by default.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Fri, 06 Oct 2017 12:36:48 +0100
openssh (1:7.5p1-1) experimental; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.5 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* This release deprecates the sshd_config UsePrivilegeSeparation option,
thereby making privilege separation mandatory.
* The format of several log messages emitted by the packet code has
changed to include additional information about the user and their
authentication state. Software that monitors ssh/sshd logs may need to
account for these changes. For example:
Connection closed by user x 1.1.1.1 port 1234 [preauth]
Connection closed by authenticating user x 10.1.1.1 port 1234 [preauth]
Connection closed by invalid user x 1.1.1.1 port 1234 [preauth]
Affected messages include connection closure, timeout, remote
disconnection, negotiation failure and some other fatal messages
generated by the packet code.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 02 Apr 2017 02:58:01 +0100
openssh (1:7.4p1-7) unstable; urgency=medium
This version restores the default for AuthorizedKeysFile to search both
~/.ssh/authorized_keys and ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2, as was the case in
Debian configurations before 1:7.4p1-1. Upstream intends to phase out
searching ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 by default, so you should ensure that
you are only using ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, at least for critical
administrative access; do not assume that the current default will remain
in place forever.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 05 Mar 2017 02:12:42 +0000
openssh (1:7.4p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.4 includes a number of changes that may affect existing
configurations:
* ssh(1): Remove 3des-cbc from the client's default proposal. 64-bit
block ciphers are not safe in 2016 and we don't want to wait until
attacks like SWEET32 are extended to SSH. As 3des-cbc was the only
mandatory cipher in the SSH RFCs, this may cause problems connecting to
older devices using the default configuration, but it's highly likely
that such devices already need explicit configuration for key exchange
and hostkey algorithms already anyway.
* sshd(8): Remove support for pre-authentication compression. Doing
compression early in the protocol probably seemed reasonable in the
1990s, but today it's clearly a bad idea in terms of both cryptography
(cf. multiple compression oracle attacks in TLS) and attack surface.
Pre-auth compression support has been disabled by default for >10
years. Support remains in the client.
* ssh-agent will refuse to load PKCS#11 modules outside a whitelist of
trusted paths by default. The path whitelist may be specified at
run-time.
* sshd(8): When a forced-command appears in both a certificate and an
authorized keys/principals command= restriction, sshd will now refuse
to accept the certificate unless they are identical. The previous
(documented) behaviour of having the certificate forced-command
override the other could be a bit confusing and error-prone.
* sshd(8): Remove the UseLogin configuration directive and support for
having /bin/login manage login sessions.
The unprivileged sshd process that deals with pre-authentication network
traffic is now subject to additional sandboxing restrictions by default:
that is, the default sshd_config now sets UsePrivilegeSeparation to
"sandbox" rather than "yes". This has been the case upstream for a while,
but until now the Debian configuration diverged unnecessarily.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Tue, 27 Dec 2016 18:01:46 +0000
openssh (1:7.2p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.2 disables a number of legacy cryptographic algorithms by
default in ssh:
* Several ciphers blowfish-cbc, cast128-cbc, all arcfour variants and the
rijndael-cbc aliases for AES.
* MD5-based and truncated HMAC algorithms.
These algorithms are already disabled by default in sshd.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Tue, 08 Mar 2016 11:47:20 +0000
openssh (1:7.1p1-2) unstable; urgency=medium
OpenSSH 7.0 disables several pieces of weak, legacy, and/or unsafe
cryptography.
* Support for the legacy SSH version 1 protocol is disabled by default at
compile time. Note that this also means that the Cipher keyword in
ssh_config(5) is effectively no longer usable; use Ciphers instead for
protocol 2. The openssh-client-ssh1 package includes "ssh1", "scp1",
and "ssh-keygen1" binaries which you can use if you have no alternative
way to connect to an outdated SSH1-only server; please contact the
server administrator or system vendor in such cases and ask them to
upgrade.
* Support for the 1024-bit diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 key exchange is
disabled by default at run-time. It may be re-enabled using the
instructions at http://www.openssh.com/legacy.html
* Support for ssh-dss, ssh-dss-cert-* host and user keys is disabled by
default at run-time. These may be re-enabled using the instructions at
http://www.openssh.com/legacy.html
* Support for the legacy v00 cert format has been removed.
Future releases will retire more legacy cryptography, including:
* Refusing all RSA keys smaller than 1024 bits (the current minimum is
768 bits).
* Several ciphers will be disabled by default: blowfish-cbc, cast128-cbc,
all arcfour variants, and the rijndael-cbc aliases for AES.
* MD5-based HMAC algorithms will be disabled by default.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Tue, 08 Dec 2015 15:33:08 +0000
openssh (1:6.9p1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
UseDNS now defaults to 'no'. Configurations that match against the client
host name (via sshd_config or authorized_keys) may need to re-enable it or
convert to matching against addresses.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Thu, 20 Aug 2015 10:38:58 +0100
openssh (1:6.7p1-5) unstable; urgency=medium
openssh-server 1:6.7p1-4 changed the default setting of AcceptEnv to list
a number of specific LC_FOO variables rather than the wildcard LC_*. I
have since been persuaded that this was a bad idea and have reverted it,
but it is difficult to automatically undo the change to
/etc/ssh/sshd_config without compounding the problem (that of modifying
configuration that some users did not want to be modified) further. Most
users who upgraded via version 1:6.7p1-4 should restore the previous value
of "AcceptEnv LANG LC_*" in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sun, 22 Mar 2015 23:09:32 +0000
openssh (1:5.4p1-2) unstable; urgency=low
Smartcard support is now available using PKCS#11 tokens. If you were
previously using an unofficial build of Debian's OpenSSH package with
OpenSC-based smartcard support added, then note that commands like
'ssh-add -s 0' will no longer work; you need to use 'ssh-add -s
/usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so' instead.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sat, 10 Apr 2010 01:08:59 +0100
openssh (1:3.8.1p1-9) experimental; urgency=low
The ssh package has been split into openssh-client and openssh-server. If
you had previously requested that the sshd server should not be run, then
that request will still be honoured. However, the recommended approach is
now to remove the openssh-server package if you do not want to run sshd.
You can remove the old /etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run marker file after doing
that.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Mon, 2 Aug 2004 20:48:54 +0100
openssh (1:3.5p1-1) unstable; urgency=low
This version of OpenSSH disables the environment option for public keys by
default, in order to avoid certain attacks (for example, LD_PRELOAD). If
you are using this option in an authorized_keys file, beware that the keys
in question will no longer work until the option is removed.
To re-enable this option, set "PermitUserEnvironment yes" in
/etc/ssh/sshd_config after the upgrade is complete, taking note of the
warning in the sshd_config(5) manual page.
-- Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org> Sat, 26 Oct 2002 19:41:51 +0100
openssh (1:3.0.1p1-1) unstable; urgency=high
As of version 3, OpenSSH no longer uses separate files for ssh1 and ssh2
keys. This means the authorized_keys2 and known_hosts2 files are no longer
needed. They will still be read in order to maintain backward
compatibility.
-- Matthew Vernon <matthew@debian.org> Thu, 28 Nov 2001 17:43:01 +0000
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