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diff --git a/doc/parted.info b/doc/parted.info new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99376fd --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/parted.info @@ -0,0 +1,1708 @@ +This is parted.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from parted.texi. + +Copyright (C) 1999-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover +Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU +Free Documentation License". +INFO-DIR-SECTION System administration +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* parted: (parted). GNU partitioning software +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the use of GNU Parted, a program for creating and +manipulating partition tables. + + +File: parted.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) + +GNU Parted User Manual +********************** + +This file documents the use of GNU Parted, a program for creating and +manipulating partition tables. + + This document applies roughly to version *3.6* of GNU Parted. + + The original version was written by Andrew Clausen in text format. +Richard M. Kreuter translated it into Texinfo format in 2002, to be +heavily edited by Leslie P. Polzer in 2006. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction:: Overview +* Using Parted:: Partitioning a Hard Drive +* Related information:: Further reading on related topics +* Copying This Manual:: How to make copies of this manual +* History:: This manual's history +* Concept index:: Concept index + + +File: parted.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Using Parted, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +1 Introduction +************** + +* Menu: + +* Overview:: GNU Parted and prerequisite knowledge +* Software Required:: GNU Parted's software dependencies +* Supported Platforms:: Where you can use GNU Parted +* License:: What you may and may not do with GNU Parted +* Compiling:: How to build GNU Parted + + +File: parted.info, Node: Overview, Next: Software Required, Up: Introduction + +1.1 Overview of GNU Parted +========================== + +GNU Parted is a program for creating and manipulating partition tables. + + This documentation is written with the assumption that the reader has +some understanding of partitioning and file systems. + + GNU Parted was designed to minimize the chance of data loss. For +example, it was designed to avoid data loss during interruptions (like +power failure) and performs many safety checks. However, there could be +bugs in GNU Parted, so you should back up your important files before +running Parted. + + The GNU Parted homepage is <https://www.gnu.org/software/parted>. The +library and frontend themselves can be downloaded from +<https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted>. You can also find a listing of +mailing lists, notes for contributing and more useful information on the +web site. + + Please send bug reports to <bug-parted@gnu.org>. When sending bug +reports, please include the version of GNU Parted. Please include the +output from these commands (for disk '/dev/hda'): + + # parted /dev/hda unit s print free + + Feel free to ask for help on this list -- just check that your +question isn't answered here first. If you don't understand the +documentation, please tell us, so we can explain it better. General +philosophy is: if you need to ask for help, then something needs to be +fixed so you (and others) don't need to ask for help. + + Also, we'd love to hear your ideas :-) + + +File: parted.info, Node: Software Required, Next: Supported Platforms, Prev: Overview, Up: Introduction + +1.2 Software Required for the use of Parted +=========================================== + +If you're installing or compiling Parted yourself, you'll need to have +some other programs installed. If you are compiling Parted, you will +need both the normal and devel packages of these programs installed: + + * GNU parted source is available either as a source tarball: + + <https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=parted.git> + + or using git (See the README-hacking instructions): + + <https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=parted.git> + + * libuuid, part of the e2fsprogs package. If you don't have this, + you can get it from: + + <http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/e2fsprogs.html> + + If you want to compile Parted and e2fsprogs, note that you will + need to 'make install' and 'make install-libs' e2fsprogs. + + * GNU Readline (optional), available from + + <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline> + + If you are compiling Parted, and you don't have readline, you can + disable Parted's readline support with the '--disable-readline' + option for 'configure'. + + * GNU gettext (or compatible software) for compilation, if + internationalisation support is desired. + + <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext> + + +File: parted.info, Node: Supported Platforms, Next: License, Prev: Software Required, Up: Introduction + +1.3 Platforms on which GNU Parted runs +====================================== + +Hopefully, this list will grow a lot. If you do not have one of these +platforms, then you can use a rescue disk and a static binary of GNU +Parted. + +GNU/Linux + Linux versions 2.0 and up, on Alpha, x86 PCs, PC98, Macintosh + PowerPC, Sun hardware. + +GNU/Hurd + + +File: parted.info, Node: License, Next: Compiling, Prev: Supported Platforms, Up: Introduction + +1.4 Terms of distribution for GNU Parted +======================================== + +GNU Parted is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License +Version 3, or (at your option) any later version. This should have been +included with the Parted distribution, in the COPYING file. If not, see +<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + + Libparted is considered part of GNU Parted. It is covered by the GNU +General Public License. It is NOT released under the GNU Lesser General +Public License (LGPL). + + +File: parted.info, Node: Compiling, Prev: License, Up: Introduction + +1.5 Building GNU Parted +======================= + +If you want to compile GNU Parted, this is generally done with: + + $ ./configure + $ make + + However, there are a few options for 'configure': + +'--without-readline' + turns off use of readline. This is useful for making rescue disks, + etc., where few libraries are available. + +'--disable-debug' + don't include assertions + +'--disable-nls' + turns off native language support. This is useful for use with old + versions of glibc, or a trimmed down version of glibc suitable for + rescue disks. + +'--disable-shared' + turns off shared libraries. This may be necessary for use with old + versions of GNU libc, if you get a compile error about a "spilled + register". Also useful for boot/rescue disks. + +'--enable-discover-only' + support only reading/probing (reduces size considerably) + +'--enable-mtrace' + enable malloc() debugging + +'--enable-read-only' + disable writing (for debugging) + +1.5.1 Introduction +------------------ + +If you want to run GNU Parted on a machine without GNU/Linux installed, +or you want to modify a root or boot partition, use GParted Live: +<https://gparted.org/livecd.php>. + + +File: parted.info, Node: Using Parted, Next: Related information, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top + +2 Using Parted +************** + +* Menu: + +* Partitioning:: Disk partitioning in context +* Running Parted:: Partitioning with Parted +* Invoking Parted:: Parted's invocation options and commands +* Command explanations:: Full explanation of parted's commands + + +File: parted.info, Node: Partitioning, Next: Running Parted, Up: Using Parted + +2.1 Introduction to Partitioning +================================ + +Partitioning is the process of dividing a storage device into local +sections, called partitions, which help organize multiple filesystems +and their associated operating systems. + + A storage device presents itself as a sequence of bytes, numbered +starting from zero and increasing until the maximum capacity of the +device is reached. Bytes are normally read and written a sector at a +time, rather than individually. Each sector contains a fixed number of +bytes, with the number determined by the device. + + +------------------------------------------------------------+ + | storage device with no partitions | + +------------------------------------------------------------+ + 0 start end + + In order to store multiple filesystems, a storage device can be +divided up in to multiple partitions. Each partition can be thought of +as an area which contains a real filesystem inside of it. To show where +these partitions are on the device a small table is written at the +start, shown as PT in the diagram below. This table is called a +partition table, or disklabel, and also stores the type of each +partition and some flags. + + +--+---------------+----------------+------------------------+ + |PT| Partition 1 | Partition 2 | Partition 3 | + +--+---------------+----------------+------------------------+ + 0 start end + + +File: parted.info, Node: Running Parted, Next: Invoking Parted, Prev: Partitioning, Up: Using Parted + +2.2 Using GNU Parted +==================== + +Parted has two modes: command line and interactive. Parted should +always be started with: + + # parted DEVICE + +where DEVICE is the hard disk device to edit. (If you're lazy and omit +the DEVICE argument, Parted will attempt to guess which device you +want.) + + In command line mode, this is followed by one or more commands. For +example: + + # parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt mkpart P1 ext3 1MiB 8MiB + +Options (like '--help') can only be specified on the command line. + + In interactive mode, commands are entered one at a time at a prompt, +and modify the disk immediately. For example: + + (parted) mklabel gpt + (parted) mkpart P1 ext3 1MiB 8MiB + +Unambiguous abbreviations are allowed. For example, you can type "p" +instead of "print", and "u" instead of "units". Commands can be typed +either in English, or your native language (if your language has been +translated). This may create ambiguities. Commands are +case-insensitive. + + Numbers indicating partition locations can be whole numbers or +decimals. The suffix selects the unit, which may be one of those +described in *note unit::, except CHS and compact. If no suffix is +given, then the default unit is assumed. Negative numbers count back +from the end of the disk, with "-1s" indicating the sector at the end of +the disk. Parted will compute sensible ranges for the locations you +specify (e.g. a range of +/- 500 MB when you specify the location in +"G"). Use the sector unit "s" to specify exact locations. With +parted-2.4 and newer, IEC binary units like "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", etc., +specify exact locations as well. *Note IEC binary units::. + + If you don't give a parameter to a command, Parted will prompt you for +it. For example: + + (parted) mklabel + New disk label type? gpt + + Parted will always warn you before doing something that is potentially +dangerous, unless the command is one of those that is inherently +dangerous (viz., rm, mklabel and mkpart). Since many partitioning +systems have complicated constraints, Parted will usually do something +slightly different to what you asked. (For example, create a partition +starting at 10.352Mb, not 10.4Mb) If the calculated values differ too +much, Parted will ask you for confirmation. + + +File: parted.info, Node: Invoking Parted, Next: Command explanations, Prev: Running Parted, Up: Using Parted + +2.3 Command Line Options +======================== + +When invoked from the command line, Parted supports the following +syntax: + + # parted [OPTION] DEVICE [COMMAND [ARGUMENT]] + + Available options and commands follow. For detailed explanations of +the use of Parted commands, see *note Command explanations::. Options +begin with a hyphen, commands do not: + + Options: + +'-h' +'--help' + display a help message + +'-l' +'--list' + lists partition layout on all block devices + +'-m' +'--machine' + display output in machine parseable format + +'-j' +'--json' + display output in JSON format + +'-s' +'--script' + never prompt the user + +'-f' +'--fix' + automatically answer exceptions with "fix" in script mode, which is + useful for: GPT header not including full disk size; moving the + backup GPT table to the end of the disk; MAC fix missing partition + map entry; etc. + +'-a alignment-type' +'--align alignment-type' + Set alignment for newly created partitions, valid alignment types + are: none, cylinder, minimal and optimal. + +'-v' +'--version' + display the version + + +File: parted.info, Node: Command explanations, Prev: Invoking Parted, Up: Using Parted + +2.4 Parted Session Commands +=========================== + +GNU Parted provides the following commands: + +* Menu: + +* align-check:: +* disk_set:: +* disk_toggle:: +* help:: +* mklabel:: +* mkpart:: +* name:: +* print:: +* quit:: +* rescue:: +* resizepart:: +* rm:: +* select:: +* set:: +* toggle:: +* type:: +* unit:: + + Note that after version 2.4, the following commands were removed: +check, cp, mkfs, mkpartfs, move, resize. + + +File: parted.info, Node: align-check, Next: disk_set, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.1 align-check +----------------- + + -- Command: align-check ALIGN-TYPE N + + Determine whether the starting sector of partition N meets the + disk's selected alignment criteria. ALIGN-TYPE must be 'minimal', + 'optimal' or an abbreviation. When in script mode, if the + partition does not meet the alignment requirement, exit with status + 1; otherwise (including on older kernels for which alignment data + is not available), continue processing any remaining commands. + Without '--script', print either 'N aligned' or 'N not aligned'. + + Example: + + (parted) align-check minimal 1 + 1 aligned + + +File: parted.info, Node: disk_set, Next: disk_toggle, Prev: align-check, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.2 disk_set +-------------- + + -- Command: disk_set FLAG STATE + + Changes a flag on the disk. A flag can be either "on" or "off". + Some or all of these flags will be available, depending on what + disk label you are using: + + 'pmbr_boot' + (GPT) - this flag enables the boot flag on the GPT's + protective MBR partition. + + The disk's flags are displayed by the print command on the "Disk + Flags:" line. They are also output as the last field of the disk + information in machine mode. + + (parted) disk_set pmbr_boot on + + Set the PMBR's boot flag. + + +File: parted.info, Node: disk_toggle, Next: help, Prev: disk_set, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.3 disk_toggle +----------------- + + -- Command: disk_toggle FLAG + + Toggle the state of the disk flag. + + +File: parted.info, Node: help, Next: mklabel, Prev: disk_toggle, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.4 help +---------- + + -- Command: help [COMMAND] + + Prints general help, or help on COMMAND. + + Example: + + (parted) help mklabel + + Print help for the mklabel command. + + +File: parted.info, Node: mklabel, Next: mkpart, Prev: help, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.5 mklabel +------------- + + -- Command: mklabel LABEL-TYPE + + Creates a new disk label, of type LABEL-TYPE. The new disk label + will have no partitions. This command (normally) won't technically + destroy your data, but it will make it basically unusable, and you + will need to use the rescue command (*note Related information::) + to recover any partitions. Parted works on all partition tables. + (1) + + LABEL-TYPE must be one of these supported disk labels: + * aix + * amiga + * bsd + * dvh + * gpt + * loop (raw disk access) + * mac + * msdos + * pc98 + * sun + + Example: + + (parted) mklabel msdos + + Create an MS-DOS disk label. This is still the most common disk + label for PCs. + + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) Everyone seems to have a different word for "disk label" -- these +are all the same thing: partition table, partition map. + + +File: parted.info, Node: mkpart, Next: name, Prev: mklabel, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.6 mkpart +------------ + + -- Command: mkpart [PART-TYPE NAME FS-TYPE] START END + + Creates a new partition, _without_ creating a new file system on + that partition. This is useful for creating partitions for file + systems (or LVM, etc.) that Parted doesn't support. You may + specify a file system type, to set the appropriate partition code + in the partition table for the new partition. FS-TYPE is required + for data partitions (i.e., non-extended partitions). START and END + are the offset from the beginning of the disk, that is, the + "distance" from the start of the disk. + + PART-TYPE is one of 'primary', 'extended' or 'logical', and may be + specified only with 'msdos' or 'dvh' partition tables. A NAME must + be specified for a 'gpt' partition table. Neither PART-TYPE nor + NAME may be used with a 'sun' partition table. + + FS-TYPE must be one of these supported file systems: + * btrfs + * ext2, ext3, ext4 + * fat16, fat32 + * hfs, hfs+, hfsx + * hp-ufs + * jfs + * linux-swap, linux-swap(new,old,v0,v1) + * nilfs2 + * ntfs + * reiserfs + * sun-ufs + * ufs + * xfs + + For example, the following creates a logical partition that will + contain an ext2 file system. The partition will start at the + beginning of the disk, and end 692.1 megabytes into the disk. + + (parted) mkpart logical 0.0 692.1 + + Now, we will show how to partition a low-end flash device + ("low-end", as of 2011/2012). For such devices, you should use + 4MiB-aligned partitions(1). This command creates a tiny + place-holder partition at the beginning, and then uses all + remaining space to create the partition you'll actually use: + + $ parted -s /dev/sdX -- mklabel msdos \ + mkpart primary fat32 64s 4MiB \ + mkpart primary fat32 4MiB -1s + + Note the use of '--', to prevent the following '-1s' last-sector + indicator from being interpreted as an invalid command-line option. + The above creates two empty partitions. The first is unaligned and + tiny, with length less than 4MiB. The second partition starts + precisely at the 4MiB mark and extends to the end of the device. + + The next step is typically to create a file system in the second + partition: + + $ mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX2 + + ---------- Footnotes ---------- + + (1) Cheap flash drives will be with us for a long time to come, and, +for them, 1MiB alignment is not enough. Use at least 4MiB-aligned +partitions. For details, see Arnd Bergman's article, +<http://lwn.net/Articles/428584/> and its many comments. + + +File: parted.info, Node: name, Next: print, Prev: mkpart, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.7 name +---------- + + -- Command: name NUMBER NAME + + Sets the name for the partition NUMBER (GPT, Mac, MIPS and PC98 + only). The name can be placed in quotes. And depending on the + shell may need to also be wrapped in single quotes so that the + shell doesn't strip off the double quotes. + + Example: + + (parted) name 2 'Secret Documents' + + Set the name of partition 2 to 'Secret Documents'. + + +File: parted.info, Node: print, Next: quit, Prev: name, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.8 print +----------- + + -- Command: print [PRINT-TYPE] + + Displays the partition table on the device parted is editing, or + detailed information about a particular partition. + + PRINT-TYPE is optional, and can be one of 'devices', 'free', + 'list', or 'all'. + + 'devices' + display all active block devices + + 'free' + display information about free unpartitioned space on the + current block device + + 'list, all' + display the partition tables of all active block devices + + Example: + + (parted) print + Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi) + Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + Disk Flags: + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary boot, lba + 2 1000MB 2300MB 1299MB primary ext2 lba + 3 2300MB 2500MB 200MB primary linux-swap(v1) lba + (parted) print free + Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi) + Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + Disk Flags: + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 16.4kB 1049kB 1032kB Free Space + 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary boot, lba + 2 1000MB 2300MB 1299MB primary ext2 lba + 3 2300MB 2500MB 200MB primary linux-swap(v1) lba + 2500MB 2684MB 185MB Free Space + + + +File: parted.info, Node: quit, Next: rescue, Prev: print, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.9 quit +---------- + + -- Command: quit + + Quits Parted. + + It is only after Parted exits that the Linux kernel knows about the + changes Parted has made to the disks. However, the changes caused + by typing your commands will _probably_ be made to the disk + immediately after typing a command. However, the operating + system's cache and the disk's hardware cache may delay this. + + +File: parted.info, Node: rescue, Next: resizepart, Prev: quit, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.10 rescue +------------- + + -- Command: rescue START END + Rescue a lost partition that used to be located approximately + between START and END. If such a partition is found, Parted will + ask you if you want to create a partition for it. This is useful + if you accidentally deleted a partition with parted's rm command, + for example. + + Example: + + (parted) print + Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi) + Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + Disk Flags: + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary boot, lba + 2 1000MB 2300MB 1299MB primary ext4 lba + (parted) rm + Partition number? 2 + (parted) print + Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi) + Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + Disk Flags: + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary boot, lba + + OUCH! We deleted our ext4 partition!!! Parted comes to the + rescue... + + (parted) rescue + Start? 1000 + End? 2684 + Information: A ext4 primary partition was found at 1000MB -> + 2300MB. Do you want to add it to the partition table? + Yes/No/Cancel? y + (parted) print + Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi) + Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB + Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B + Partition Table: msdos + Disk Flags: + + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 1049kB 1000MB 999MB primary boot, lba + 2 1000MB 2300MB 1299MB primary ext4 lba + + It's back! :) + + +File: parted.info, Node: resizepart, Next: rm, Prev: rescue, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.11 resizepart +----------------- + + -- Command: resizepart NUMBER END + + Moves the END position of partition NUMBER. Note that this does + not modify any filesystem present in the partition. If you wish to + do this, you will need to use external tools, such as 'resize2fs'. + + When growing a partition you will want to grow the filesystem + afterwards, but when shrinking, you need to shrink the filesystem + before the partition. + + +File: parted.info, Node: rm, Next: select, Prev: resizepart, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.12 rm +--------- + + -- Command: rm NUMBER + + Removes the partition with number NUMBER. If you accidentally + delete a partition with this command, use *note rescue:: to recover + it. Also, you can use the gpart program (*note Related + information::) to recover damaged disk labels. + + Note for msdos disk labels: if you delete a logical partition, all + logical partitions with a larger partition number will be + renumbered. For example, if you delete a logical partition with a + partition number of 6, then logical partitions that were number 7, + 8 and 9 would be renumbered to 6, 7 and 8 respectively. This + means, for example, that you have to update '/etc/fstab' on + GNU/Linux systems. + + Example: + + (parted) rm 3 + + Remove partition 3. + + +File: parted.info, Node: select, Next: set, Prev: rm, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.13 select +------------- + + -- Command: select DEVICE + + Selects the device, DEVICE, for Parted to edit. The device can be + a Linux hard disk device, a partition, a software RAID device, LVM + logical volume, or disk image file. + + Example: + + (parted) select /dev/hdb + + Select '/dev/hdb' (the slave device on the first ide controller on + Linux) as the device to edit. + + +File: parted.info, Node: set, Next: toggle, Prev: select, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.14 set +---------- + + -- Command: set NUMBER FLAG STATE + + Changes a flag on the partition with number NUMBER. A flag can be + either "on" or "off". Some or all of these flags will be + available, depending on what disk label you are using: + + 'bios_grub' + (GPT) - Enable this to record that the selected partition is a + GRUB BIOS partition. + + 'legacy_boot' + (GPT) - this flag is used to tell special purpose software + that the GPT partition may be bootable. + + 'bls_boot' + (MS-DOS, GPT) - Enable this to indicate that the selected + partition is a Linux Boot Loader Specification compatible + /boot partition. + + 'boot' + (Mac, MS-DOS, PC98) - should be enabled if you want to boot + off the partition. The semantics vary between disk labels. + For MS-DOS disk labels, only one partition can be bootable. + If you are installing LILO on a partition that partition must + be bootable. For PC98 disk labels, all ext2 partitions must + be bootable (this is enforced by Parted). + + 'msftdata' + (GPT) - This flag identifies partitions that contain Microsoft + filesystems (NTFS or FAT). It may optionally be set on Linux + filesystems to mimic the type of configuration created by + parted 3.0 and earlier, in which a separate Linux filesystem + type code was not available on GPT disks. This flag can only + be removed within parted by replacing it with a competing + flag, such as boot or msftres. + + 'msftres' + (MS-DOS,GPT) - This flag identifies a "Microsoft Reserved" + partition, which is used by Windows. Note that this flag + should not normally be set on Windows filesystem partitions + (those that contain NTFS or FAT filesystems). + + 'irst' + (MS-DOS, GPT) - this flag identifies an Intel Rapid Start + Technology partition. + + 'esp' + (MS-DOS, GPT) - this flag identifies a UEFI System Partition. + On GPT it is an alias for boot. + + 'chromeos_kernel' + (GPT) - this flag indicates a partition that can be used with + the Chrome OS bootloader and verified boot implementation. + + 'lba' + (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell MS DOS, MS Windows + 9x and MS Windows ME based operating systems to use Linear + (LBA) mode. + + 'root' + (Mac) - this flag should be enabled if the partition is the + root device to be used by Linux. + + 'linux-home' + (GPT) - Enable this to indicate that the selected partition is + a Linux /home partition. + + 'swap' + (MS-DOS, GPT, Mac) - this flag should be enabled if the + partition is the swap device to be used by Linux. + + 'hidden' + (MS-DOS, PC98) - this flag can be enabled to hide partitions + from Microsoft operating systems. + + 'raid' + (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell linux the + partition is a software RAID partition. + + 'LVM' + (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell linux the + partition is a physical volume. + + 'PALO' + (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled so that the partition can + be used by the Linux/PA-RISC boot loader, palo. + + 'PREP' + (MS-DOS, GPT) - this flag can be enabled so that the partition + can be used as a PReP boot partition on PowerPC PReP or IBM + RS6K/CHRP hardware. + + 'DIAG' + (MS-DOS) - Enable this to indicate that a partition can be + used as a diagnostics / recovery partition. + + The print command displays all enabled flags for each partition. + + Example: + + (parted) set 1 boot on + + Set the 'boot' flag on partition 1. + + +File: parted.info, Node: toggle, Next: type, Prev: set, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.15 toggle +------------- + + -- Command: toggle NUMBER FLAG + + Toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER. + + +File: parted.info, Node: type, Next: unit, Prev: toggle, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.16 type +----------- + + -- Command: type NUMBER ID or UUID + + On MS-DOS set the type-id aka partition id to ID on partition + NUMBER. The id is a value between 0x01 and 0xff, e.g. the ID for + Linux is 0x83. A list with some IDs is available at + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_type>. + + On GPT set the type-uuid to UUID on partition NUMBER. E.g. the + UUID for Linux is 0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4. A list + with some UUIDs is availabe at + <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table>. + + +File: parted.info, Node: unit, Prev: type, Up: Command explanations + +2.4.17 unit +----------- + + -- Command: unit UNIT + + Selects the current default unit that Parted will use to display + locations and capacities on the disk and to interpret those given + by the user if they are not suffixed by an UNIT. + + UNIT may be one of: + + 's' + sector (n bytes depending on the sector size, often 512) + + 'B' + byte + + 'KiB' + kibibyte (1024 bytes) + + 'MiB' + mebibyte (1048576 bytes) + + 'GiB' + gibibyte (1073741824 bytes) + + 'TiB' + tebibyte (1099511627776 bytes) + + 'kB' + kilobyte (1000 bytes) + + 'MB' + megabyte (1000000 bytes) + + 'GB' + gigabyte (1000000000 bytes) + + 'TB' + terabyte (1000000000000 bytes) + + '%' + percentage of the device (between 0 and 100) + + 'cyl' + cylinders (related to the BIOS CHS geometry) + + 'chs' + cylinders, heads, sectors addressing (related to the BIOS CHS + geometry) + + 'compact' + This is a special unit that defaults to megabytes for input, + and picks a unit that gives a compact human readable + representation for output. + + The default unit apply only for the output and when no unit is + specified after an input number. Input numbers can be followed by + an unit (without any space or other character between them), in + which case this unit apply instead of the default unit for this + particular number, but CHS and cylinder units are not supported as + a suffix. If no suffix is given, then the default unit is assumed. + Parted will compute sensible ranges for the locations you specify + (e.g., a range of +/- 500 MB when you specify the location in "G", + and a range of +/- 500 KB when you specify the location in "M") and + will select the nearest location in this range from the one you + wrote that satisfies constraints from both the operation, the + filesystem being worked on, the disk label, other partitions and so + on. Use the sector unit "s" to specify exact locations (if they do + not satisfy all constraints, Parted will ask you for the nearest + solution). Note that negative numbers count back from the end of + the disk, with "-1s" pointing to the last sector of the disk. + + Note that as of parted-2.4, when you specify start and/or end + values using IEC binary units like "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", etc., + parted treats those values as exact, and equivalent to the same + number specified in bytes (i.e., with the "B" suffix), in that it + provides _no_ "helpful" range of sloppiness. Contrast that with a + partition start request of "4GB", which may actually resolve to + some sector up to 500MB before or after that point. Thus, when + creating a partition, you should prefer to specify units of bytes + ("B"), sectors ("s"), or IEC binary units like "MiB", but not "MB", + "GB", etc. + + Example: + + (parted) unit compact + (parted) print + Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0kB - 123GB + Disk label type: msdos + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 32kB 1078MB 1077MB primary reiserfs boot + 2 1078MB 2155MB 1078MB primary linux-swap + 3 2155MB 123GB 121GB extended + 5 2155MB 7452MB 5297MB logical reiserfs + (parted) unit chs print + Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0,0,0 - 14946,225,62 + BIOS cylinder,head,sector geometry: 14946,255,63. Each cylinder + is 8225kB. + Disk label type: msdos + Number Start End Type File system Flags + 1 0,1,0 130,254,62 primary reiserfs boot + 2 131,0,0 261,254,62 primary linux-swap + 3 262,0,0 14945,254,62 extended + 5 262,2,0 905,254,62 logical reiserfs + (parted) unit mb print + Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0MB - 122942MB + Disk label type: msdos + Number Start End Size Type File system Flags + 1 0MB 1078MB 1077MB primary reiserfs boot + 2 1078MB 2155MB 1078MB primary linux-swap + 3 2155MB 122935MB 120780MB extended + 5 2155MB 7452MB 5297MB logical reiserfs + + +File: parted.info, Node: Related information, Next: Copying This Manual, Prev: Using Parted, Up: Top + +3 Related information +********************* + +If you want to find out more information, please see the GNU Parted web +site. + + These files in the Parted distribution contain further information: + + * 'ABOUT-NLS' - information about using Native Language Support, and + the Free Translation Project. + + * 'AUTHORS' - who wrote what. + + * 'ChangeLog' - record of changes made to Parted. + + * 'COPYING' - the GNU General Public License, the terms under which + GNU Parted may be distributed. + + * 'COPYING.DOC' - the GNU Free Documentation Licence, the term under + which Parted's documentation may be distributed. + + * 'INSTALL' -- how to compile and install Parted, and most other free + software + + +File: parted.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: History, Prev: Related information, Up: Top + +Appendix A Copying This Manual +****************************** + +* Menu: + +* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual + + +File: parted.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual + +A.1 GNU Free Documentation License +================================== + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + <https://fsf.org/> + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + Free Documentation License''. + + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover +Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + being LIST. + + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free +software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit +their use in free software. + + +File: parted.info, Node: History, Next: Concept index, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top + +Appendix B This manual's history +******************************** + +This manual was based on the file 'USER' included in GNU Parted version +1.4.22 source distribution. The GNU Parted source distribution is +available at <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted>. + + Initial Texinfo formatting by Richard M. Kreuter, 2002. + + Maintainance by Andrew Clausen from 2002 to 2005 and by Leslie P. +Polzer from July 2005 onwards. + + This manual is distributed under the GNU Free Documentation License, +version 1.1 or later, at your discretion, any later version published by +the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no +Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. *Note Copying This +Manual::, for details. + + +File: parted.info, Node: Concept index, Prev: History, Up: Top + +Index +***** + + +* Menu: + +* align-check, command description: align-check. (line 6) +* bugs, reporting: Overview. (line 6) +* building parted: Compiling. (line 6) +* command description, align-check: align-check. (line 6) +* command description, disk_set: disk_set. (line 6) +* command description, disk_toggle: disk_toggle. (line 6) +* command description, help: help. (line 6) +* command description, mkindex: mklabel. (line 6) +* command description, mkpart: mkpart. (line 6) +* command description, name: name. (line 6) +* command description, print: print. (line 6) +* command description, quit: quit. (line 6) +* command description, rescue: rescue. (line 6) +* command description, resizepart: resizepart. (line 6) +* command description, rm: rm. (line 6) +* command description, select: select. (line 6) +* command description, set: set. (line 6) +* command description, toggle: toggle. (line 6) +* command description, type: type. (line 6) +* command description, unit: unit. (line 6) +* command syntax: Command explanations. (line 6) +* commands: Using Parted. (line 6) +* commands, detailed listing: Command explanations. (line 6) +* commands, overview: Invoking Parted. (line 6) +* compiling parted: Compiling. (line 6) +* contacting developers: Overview. (line 6) +* description of parted: Overview. (line 6) +* detailed command listing: Command explanations. (line 6) +* disk_set, command description: disk_set. (line 6) +* disk_toggle, command description: disk_toggle. (line 6) +* e2fsprogs: Software Required. (line 6) +* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. + (line 6) +* further reading: Related information. (line 6) +* gettext: Software Required. (line 6) +* gnu gpl: License. (line 6) +* gpl: License. (line 6) +* help, command description: help. (line 6) +* history of this manual: History. (line 6) +* invocation options: Invoking Parted. (line 6) +* libuuid: Software Required. (line 6) +* license terms: License. (line 6) +* mklabel, command description: mklabel. (line 6) +* mkpart, command description: mkpart. (line 6) +* modes of use: Running Parted. (line 6) +* name, command description: name. (line 6) +* options at invocation: Invoking Parted. (line 6) +* overview: Overview. (line 6) +* parted description: Overview. (line 6) +* partitioning overview: Partitioning. (line 6) +* platforms, supported: Supported Platforms. (line 6) +* print, command description: print. (line 6) +* quit, command description: quit. (line 6) +* readline: Software Required. (line 6) +* related documentation: Related information. (line 6) +* reporting bugs: Overview. (line 6) +* required software: Software Required. (line 6) +* rescue, command description: rescue. (line 6) +* resizepart, command description: resizepart. (line 6) +* rm, command description: rm. (line 6) +* select, command description: select. (line 6) +* set, command description: set. (line 6) +* software dependencies: Software Required. (line 6) +* supported platforms: Supported Platforms. (line 6) +* terms of distribution: License. (line 6) +* toggle, command description: toggle. (line 6) +* type, command description: type. (line 6) +* unit, command description: unit. (line 6) + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top764 +Node: Introduction1567 +Node: Overview2023 +Node: Software Required3537 +Node: Supported Platforms4881 +Node: License5335 +Node: Compiling5939 +Node: Using Parted7208 +Node: Partitioning7627 +Node: Running Parted9265 +Node: Invoking Parted11644 +Node: Command explanations12854 +Node: align-check13355 +Node: disk_set14080 +Node: disk_toggle14788 +Node: help14995 +Node: mklabel15281 +Ref: mklabel-Footnote-116204 +Node: mkpart16334 +Ref: mkpart-Footnote-118863 +Node: name19114 +Node: print19631 +Node: quit21398 +Node: rescue21892 +Node: resizepart23966 +Node: rm24514 +Node: select25409 +Node: set25897 +Node: toggle29835 +Node: type30037 +Node: unit30674 +Ref: IEC binary units33058 +Node: Related information35151 +Node: Copying This Manual35973 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License36217 +Node: History61329 +Node: Concept index62142 + +End Tag Table + + +Local Variables: +coding: utf-8 +End: |