path: root/doc/parted.info

This is parted.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from parted.texi.

Copyright (C) 1999-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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INFO-DIR-SECTION System administration
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* parted: (parted).                         GNU partitioning software
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

  This file documents the use of GNU Parted, a program for creating and
manipulating partition tables.


File: parted.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)

GNU Parted User Manual
**********************

This file documents the use of GNU Parted, a program for creating and
manipulating partition tables.

  This document applies roughly to version *3.6* of GNU Parted.

  The original version was written by Andrew Clausen in text format.
Richard M. Kreuter translated it into Texinfo format in 2002, to be
heavily edited by Leslie P. Polzer in 2006.

* Menu:

* Introduction::                Overview
* Using Parted::                Partitioning a Hard Drive
* Related information::         Further reading on related topics
* Copying This Manual::         How to make copies of this manual
* History::                     This manual's history
* Concept index::               Concept index


File: parted.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Using Parted,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

1 Introduction
**************

* Menu:

* Overview::                    GNU Parted and prerequisite knowledge
* Software Required::           GNU Parted's software dependencies
* Supported Platforms::         Where you can use GNU Parted
* License::                     What you may and may not do with GNU Parted
* Compiling::                   How to build GNU Parted


File: parted.info,  Node: Overview,  Next: Software Required,  Up: Introduction

1.1 Overview of GNU Parted
==========================

GNU Parted is a program for creating and manipulating partition tables.

  This documentation is written with the assumption that the reader has
some understanding of partitioning and file systems.

  GNU Parted was designed to minimize the chance of data loss.  For
example, it was designed to avoid data loss during interruptions (like
power failure) and performs many safety checks.  However, there could be
bugs in GNU Parted, so you should back up your important files before
running Parted.

  The GNU Parted homepage is <https://www.gnu.org/software/parted>.  The
library and frontend themselves can be downloaded from
<https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted>.  You can also find a listing of
mailing lists, notes for contributing and more useful information on the
web site.

  Please send bug reports to <bug-parted@gnu.org>.  When sending bug
reports, please include the version of GNU Parted.  Please include the
output from these commands (for disk '/dev/hda'):

     # parted /dev/hda unit s print free

  Feel free to ask for help on this list -- just check that your
question isn't answered here first.  If you don't understand the
documentation, please tell us, so we can explain it better.  General
philosophy is: if you need to ask for help, then something needs to be
fixed so you (and others) don't need to ask for help.

  Also, we'd love to hear your ideas :-)


File: parted.info,  Node: Software Required,  Next: Supported Platforms,  Prev: Overview,  Up: Introduction

1.2 Software Required for the use of Parted
===========================================

If you're installing or compiling Parted yourself, you'll need to have
some other programs installed.  If you are compiling Parted, you will
need both the normal and devel packages of these programs installed:

   * GNU parted source is available either as a source tarball:

     <https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=parted.git>

     or using git (See the README-hacking instructions):

     <https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=parted.git>

   * libuuid, part of the e2fsprogs package.  If you don't have this,
     you can get it from:

     <http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/e2fsprogs.html>

     If you want to compile Parted and e2fsprogs, note that you will
     need to 'make install' and 'make install-libs' e2fsprogs.

   * GNU Readline (optional), available from

     <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline>

     If you are compiling Parted, and you don't have readline, you can
     disable Parted's readline support with the '--disable-readline'
     option for 'configure'.

   * GNU gettext (or compatible software) for compilation, if
     internationalisation support is desired.

     <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext>


File: parted.info,  Node: Supported Platforms,  Next: License,  Prev: Software Required,  Up: Introduction

1.3 Platforms on which GNU Parted runs
======================================

Hopefully, this list will grow a lot.  If you do not have one of these
platforms, then you can use a rescue disk and a static binary of GNU
Parted.

GNU/Linux
     Linux versions 2.0 and up, on Alpha, x86 PCs, PC98, Macintosh
     PowerPC, Sun hardware.

GNU/Hurd


File: parted.info,  Node: License,  Next: Compiling,  Prev: Supported Platforms,  Up: Introduction

1.4 Terms of distribution for GNU Parted
========================================

GNU Parted is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License
Version 3, or (at your option) any later version.  This should have been
included with the Parted distribution, in the COPYING file.  If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  Libparted is considered part of GNU Parted.  It is covered by the GNU
General Public License.  It is NOT released under the GNU Lesser General
Public License (LGPL).


File: parted.info,  Node: Compiling,  Prev: License,  Up: Introduction

1.5 Building GNU Parted
=======================

If you want to compile GNU Parted, this is generally done with:

     $ ./configure
     $ make

  However, there are a few options for 'configure':

'--without-readline'
     turns off use of readline.  This is useful for making rescue disks,
     etc., where few libraries are available.

'--disable-debug'
     don't include assertions

'--disable-nls'
     turns off native language support.  This is useful for use with old
     versions of glibc, or a trimmed down version of glibc suitable for
     rescue disks.

'--disable-shared'
     turns off shared libraries.  This may be necessary for use with old
     versions of GNU libc, if you get a compile error about a "spilled
     register".  Also useful for boot/rescue disks.

'--enable-discover-only'
     support only reading/probing (reduces size considerably)

'--enable-mtrace'
     enable malloc() debugging

'--enable-read-only'
     disable writing (for debugging)

1.5.1 Introduction
------------------

If you want to run GNU Parted on a machine without GNU/Linux installed,
or you want to modify a root or boot partition, use GParted Live:
<https://gparted.org/livecd.php>.


File: parted.info,  Node: Using Parted,  Next: Related information,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top

2 Using Parted
**************

* Menu:

* Partitioning::                    Disk partitioning in context
* Running Parted::                  Partitioning with Parted
* Invoking Parted::                 Parted's invocation options and commands
* Command explanations::            Full explanation of parted's commands


File: parted.info,  Node: Partitioning,  Next: Running Parted,  Up: Using Parted

2.1 Introduction to Partitioning
================================

Partitioning is the process of dividing a storage device into local
sections, called partitions, which help organize multiple filesystems
and their associated operating systems.

  A storage device presents itself as a sequence of bytes, numbered
starting from zero and increasing until the maximum capacity of the
device is reached.  Bytes are normally read and written a sector at a
time, rather than individually.  Each sector contains a fixed number of
bytes, with the number determined by the device.

     +------------------------------------------------------------+
     |            storage device with no partitions               |
     +------------------------------------------------------------+
     0 start                                                    end

  In order to store multiple filesystems, a storage device can be
divided up in to multiple partitions.  Each partition can be thought of
as an area which contains a real filesystem inside of it.  To show where
these partitions are on the device a small table is written at the
start, shown as PT in the diagram below.  This table is called a
partition table, or disklabel, and also stores the type of each
partition and some flags.

     +--+---------------+----------------+------------------------+
     |PT|  Partition 1  |  Partition 2   |  Partition 3           |
     +--+---------------+----------------+------------------------+
     0 start                                                    end


File: parted.info,  Node: Running Parted,  Next: Invoking Parted,  Prev: Partitioning,  Up: Using Parted

2.2 Using GNU Parted
====================

Parted has two modes: command line and interactive.  Parted should
always be started with:

     # parted DEVICE

where DEVICE is the hard disk device to edit.  (If you're lazy and omit
the DEVICE argument, Parted will attempt to guess which device you
want.)

  In command line mode, this is followed by one or more commands.  For
example:

     # parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt mkpart P1 ext3 1MiB 8MiB

Options (like '--help') can only be specified on the command line.

  In interactive mode, commands are entered one at a time at a prompt,
and modify the disk immediately.  For example:

     (parted) mklabel gpt
     (parted) mkpart P1 ext3 1MiB 8MiB

Unambiguous abbreviations are allowed.  For example, you can type "p"
instead of "print", and "u" instead of "units".  Commands can be typed
either in English, or your native language (if your language has been
translated).  This may create ambiguities.  Commands are
case-insensitive.

  Numbers indicating partition locations can be whole numbers or
decimals.  The suffix selects the unit, which may be one of those
described in *note unit::, except CHS and compact.  If no suffix is
given, then the default unit is assumed.  Negative numbers count back
from the end of the disk, with "-1s" indicating the sector at the end of
the disk.  Parted will compute sensible ranges for the locations you
specify (e.g.  a range of +/- 500 MB when you specify the location in
"G"). Use the sector unit "s" to specify exact locations.  With
parted-2.4 and newer, IEC binary units like "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", etc.,
specify exact locations as well.  *Note IEC binary units::.

  If you don't give a parameter to a command, Parted will prompt you for
it.  For example:

     (parted) mklabel
     New disk label type? gpt

  Parted will always warn you before doing something that is potentially
dangerous, unless the command is one of those that is inherently
dangerous (viz., rm, mklabel and mkpart).  Since many partitioning
systems have complicated constraints, Parted will usually do something
slightly different to what you asked.  (For example, create a partition
starting at 10.352Mb, not 10.4Mb) If the calculated values differ too
much, Parted will ask you for confirmation.


File: parted.info,  Node: Invoking Parted,  Next: Command explanations,  Prev: Running Parted,  Up: Using Parted

2.3 Command Line Options
========================

When invoked from the command line, Parted supports the following
syntax:

     # parted [OPTION] DEVICE [COMMAND [ARGUMENT]]

  Available options and commands follow.  For detailed explanations of
the use of Parted commands, see *note Command explanations::.  Options
begin with a hyphen, commands do not:

  Options:

'-h'
'--help'
     display a help message

'-l'
'--list'
     lists partition layout on all block devices

'-m'
'--machine'
     display output in machine parseable format

'-j'
'--json'
     display output in JSON format

'-s'
'--script'
     never prompt the user

'-f'
'--fix'
     automatically answer exceptions with "fix" in script mode, which is
     useful for: GPT header not including full disk size; moving the
     backup GPT table to the end of the disk; MAC fix missing partition
     map entry; etc.

'-a alignment-type'
'--align alignment-type'
     Set alignment for newly created partitions, valid alignment types
     are: none, cylinder, minimal and optimal.

'-v'
'--version'
     display the version


File: parted.info,  Node: Command explanations,  Prev: Invoking Parted,  Up: Using Parted

2.4 Parted Session Commands
===========================

GNU Parted provides the following commands:

* Menu:

* align-check::
* disk_set::
* disk_toggle::
* help::
* mklabel::
* mkpart::
* name::
* print::
* quit::
* rescue::
* resizepart::
* rm::
* select::
* set::
* toggle::
* type::
* unit::

  Note that after version 2.4, the following commands were removed:
check, cp, mkfs, mkpartfs, move, resize.


File: parted.info,  Node: align-check,  Next: disk_set,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.1 align-check
-----------------

 -- Command: align-check ALIGN-TYPE N

     Determine whether the starting sector of partition N meets the
     disk's selected alignment criteria.  ALIGN-TYPE must be 'minimal',
     'optimal' or an abbreviation.  When in script mode, if the
     partition does not meet the alignment requirement, exit with status
     1; otherwise (including on older kernels for which alignment data
     is not available), continue processing any remaining commands.
     Without '--script', print either 'N aligned' or 'N not aligned'.

     Example:

          (parted) align-check minimal 1
          1 aligned


File: parted.info,  Node: disk_set,  Next: disk_toggle,  Prev: align-check,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.2 disk_set
--------------

 -- Command: disk_set FLAG STATE

     Changes a flag on the disk.  A flag can be either "on" or "off".
     Some or all of these flags will be available, depending on what
     disk label you are using:

     'pmbr_boot'
          (GPT) - this flag enables the boot flag on the GPT's
          protective MBR partition.

     The disk's flags are displayed by the print command on the "Disk
     Flags:" line.  They are also output as the last field of the disk
     information in machine mode.

          (parted) disk_set pmbr_boot on

     Set the PMBR's boot flag.


File: parted.info,  Node: disk_toggle,  Next: help,  Prev: disk_set,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.3 disk_toggle
-----------------

 -- Command: disk_toggle FLAG

     Toggle the state of the disk flag.


File: parted.info,  Node: help,  Next: mklabel,  Prev: disk_toggle,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.4 help
----------

 -- Command: help [COMMAND]

     Prints general help, or help on COMMAND.

     Example:

          (parted) help mklabel

     Print help for the mklabel command.


File: parted.info,  Node: mklabel,  Next: mkpart,  Prev: help,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.5 mklabel
-------------

 -- Command: mklabel LABEL-TYPE

     Creates a new disk label, of type LABEL-TYPE.  The new disk label
     will have no partitions.  This command (normally) won't technically
     destroy your data, but it will make it basically unusable, and you
     will need to use the rescue command (*note Related information::)
     to recover any partitions.  Parted works on all partition tables.
     (1)

     LABEL-TYPE must be one of these supported disk labels:
        * aix
        * amiga
        * bsd
        * dvh
        * gpt
        * loop (raw disk access)
        * mac
        * msdos
        * pc98
        * sun

     Example:

          (parted) mklabel msdos

     Create an MS-DOS disk label.  This is still the most common disk
     label for PCs.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) Everyone seems to have a different word for "disk label" -- these
are all the same thing: partition table, partition map.


File: parted.info,  Node: mkpart,  Next: name,  Prev: mklabel,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.6 mkpart
------------

 -- Command: mkpart [PART-TYPE NAME FS-TYPE] START END

     Creates a new partition, _without_ creating a new file system on
     that partition.  This is useful for creating partitions for file
     systems (or LVM, etc.)  that Parted doesn't support.  You may
     specify a file system type, to set the appropriate partition code
     in the partition table for the new partition.  FS-TYPE is required
     for data partitions (i.e., non-extended partitions).  START and END
     are the offset from the beginning of the disk, that is, the
     "distance" from the start of the disk.

     PART-TYPE is one of 'primary', 'extended' or 'logical', and may be
     specified only with 'msdos' or 'dvh' partition tables.  A NAME must
     be specified for a 'gpt' partition table.  Neither PART-TYPE nor
     NAME may be used with a 'sun' partition table.

     FS-TYPE must be one of these supported file systems:
        * btrfs
        * ext2, ext3, ext4
        * fat16, fat32
        * hfs, hfs+, hfsx
        * hp-ufs
        * jfs
        * linux-swap, linux-swap(new,old,v0,v1)
        * nilfs2
        * ntfs
        * reiserfs
        * sun-ufs
        * ufs
        * xfs

     For example, the following creates a logical partition that will
     contain an ext2 file system.  The partition will start at the
     beginning of the disk, and end 692.1 megabytes into the disk.

          (parted) mkpart logical 0.0 692.1

     Now, we will show how to partition a low-end flash device
     ("low-end", as of 2011/2012).  For such devices, you should use
     4MiB-aligned partitions(1).  This command creates a tiny
     place-holder partition at the beginning, and then uses all
     remaining space to create the partition you'll actually use:

          $ parted -s /dev/sdX -- mklabel msdos \
              mkpart primary fat32 64s 4MiB \
              mkpart primary fat32 4MiB -1s

     Note the use of '--', to prevent the following '-1s' last-sector
     indicator from being interpreted as an invalid command-line option.
     The above creates two empty partitions.  The first is unaligned and
     tiny, with length less than 4MiB. The second partition starts
     precisely at the 4MiB mark and extends to the end of the device.

     The next step is typically to create a file system in the second
     partition:

          $ mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX2

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) Cheap flash drives will be with us for a long time to come, and,
for them, 1MiB alignment is not enough.  Use at least 4MiB-aligned
partitions.  For details, see Arnd Bergman's article,
<http://lwn.net/Articles/428584/> and its many comments.


File: parted.info,  Node: name,  Next: print,  Prev: mkpart,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.7 name
----------

 -- Command: name NUMBER NAME

     Sets the name for the partition NUMBER (GPT, Mac, MIPS and PC98
     only).  The name can be placed in quotes.  And depending on the
     shell may need to also be wrapped in single quotes so that the
     shell doesn't strip off the double quotes.

     Example:

          (parted) name 2 'Secret Documents'

     Set the name of partition 2 to 'Secret Documents'.


File: parted.info,  Node: print,  Next: quit,  Prev: name,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.8 print
-----------

 -- Command: print [PRINT-TYPE]

     Displays the partition table on the device parted is editing, or
     detailed information about a particular partition.

     PRINT-TYPE is optional, and can be one of 'devices', 'free',
     'list', or 'all'.

     'devices'
          display all active block devices

     'free'
          display information about free unpartitioned space on the
          current block device

     'list, all'
          display the partition tables of all active block devices

     Example:

          (parted) print
          Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
          Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB
          Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
          Partition Table: msdos
          Disk Flags:

          Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
           1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB   primary                  boot, lba
           2      1000MB  2300MB  1299MB  primary  ext2            lba
           3      2300MB  2500MB  200MB   primary  linux-swap(v1)  lba
          (parted) print free
          Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
          Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB
          Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
          Partition Table: msdos
          Disk Flags:

          Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
                  16.4kB  1049kB  1032kB           Free Space
           1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB   primary                  boot, lba
           2      1000MB  2300MB  1299MB  primary  ext2            lba
           3      2300MB  2500MB  200MB   primary  linux-swap(v1)  lba
                  2500MB  2684MB  185MB            Free Space



File: parted.info,  Node: quit,  Next: rescue,  Prev: print,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.9 quit
----------

 -- Command: quit

     Quits Parted.

     It is only after Parted exits that the Linux kernel knows about the
     changes Parted has made to the disks.  However, the changes caused
     by typing your commands will _probably_ be made to the disk
     immediately after typing a command.  However, the operating
     system's cache and the disk's hardware cache may delay this.


File: parted.info,  Node: rescue,  Next: resizepart,  Prev: quit,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.10 rescue
-------------

 -- Command: rescue START END
     Rescue a lost partition that used to be located approximately
     between START and END.  If such a partition is found, Parted will
     ask you if you want to create a partition for it.  This is useful
     if you accidentally deleted a partition with parted's rm command,
     for example.

     Example:

          (parted) print
          Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
          Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB
          Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
          Partition Table: msdos
          Disk Flags:

          Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
           1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB   primary                  boot, lba
           2      1000MB  2300MB  1299MB  primary  ext4            lba
          (parted) rm
          Partition number? 2
          (parted) print
          Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
          Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB
          Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
          Partition Table: msdos
          Disk Flags:

          Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
           1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB   primary                  boot, lba

     OUCH! We deleted our ext4 partition!!!  Parted comes to the
     rescue...

          (parted) rescue
          Start? 1000
          End? 2684
          Information: A ext4 primary partition was found at 1000MB ->
          2300MB.  Do you want to add it to the partition table?
          Yes/No/Cancel? y
          (parted) print
          Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
          Disk /dev/sda: 2684MB
          Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
          Partition Table: msdos
          Disk Flags:

          Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
           1      1049kB  1000MB  999MB   primary                  boot, lba
           2      1000MB  2300MB  1299MB  primary  ext4            lba

     It's back!  :)


File: parted.info,  Node: resizepart,  Next: rm,  Prev: rescue,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.11 resizepart
-----------------

 -- Command: resizepart NUMBER END

     Moves the END position of partition NUMBER.  Note that this does
     not modify any filesystem present in the partition.  If you wish to
     do this, you will need to use external tools, such as 'resize2fs'.

     When growing a partition you will want to grow the filesystem
     afterwards, but when shrinking, you need to shrink the filesystem
     before the partition.


File: parted.info,  Node: rm,  Next: select,  Prev: resizepart,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.12 rm
---------

 -- Command: rm NUMBER

     Removes the partition with number NUMBER.  If you accidentally
     delete a partition with this command, use *note rescue:: to recover
     it.  Also, you can use the gpart program (*note Related
     information::) to recover damaged disk labels.

     Note for msdos disk labels: if you delete a logical partition, all
     logical partitions with a larger partition number will be
     renumbered.  For example, if you delete a logical partition with a
     partition number of 6, then logical partitions that were number 7,
     8 and 9 would be renumbered to 6, 7 and 8 respectively.  This
     means, for example, that you have to update '/etc/fstab' on
     GNU/Linux systems.

     Example:

          (parted) rm 3

     Remove partition 3.


File: parted.info,  Node: select,  Next: set,  Prev: rm,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.13 select
-------------

 -- Command: select DEVICE

     Selects the device, DEVICE, for Parted to edit.  The device can be
     a Linux hard disk device, a partition, a software RAID device, LVM
     logical volume, or disk image file.

     Example:

          (parted) select /dev/hdb

     Select '/dev/hdb' (the slave device on the first ide controller on
     Linux) as the device to edit.


File: parted.info,  Node: set,  Next: toggle,  Prev: select,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.14 set
----------

 -- Command: set NUMBER FLAG STATE

     Changes a flag on the partition with number NUMBER.  A flag can be
     either "on" or "off".  Some or all of these flags will be
     available, depending on what disk label you are using:

     'bios_grub'
          (GPT) - Enable this to record that the selected partition is a
          GRUB BIOS partition.

     'legacy_boot'
          (GPT) - this flag is used to tell special purpose software
          that the GPT partition may be bootable.

     'bls_boot'
          (MS-DOS, GPT) - Enable this to indicate that the selected
          partition is a Linux Boot Loader Specification compatible
          /boot partition.

     'boot'
          (Mac, MS-DOS, PC98) - should be enabled if you want to boot
          off the partition.  The semantics vary between disk labels.
          For MS-DOS disk labels, only one partition can be bootable.
          If you are installing LILO on a partition that partition must
          be bootable.  For PC98 disk labels, all ext2 partitions must
          be bootable (this is enforced by Parted).

     'msftdata'
          (GPT) - This flag identifies partitions that contain Microsoft
          filesystems (NTFS or FAT). It may optionally be set on Linux
          filesystems to mimic the type of configuration created by
          parted 3.0 and earlier, in which a separate Linux filesystem
          type code was not available on GPT disks.  This flag can only
          be removed within parted by replacing it with a competing
          flag, such as boot or msftres.

     'msftres'
          (MS-DOS,GPT) - This flag identifies a "Microsoft Reserved"
          partition, which is used by Windows.  Note that this flag
          should not normally be set on Windows filesystem partitions
          (those that contain NTFS or FAT filesystems).

     'irst'
          (MS-DOS, GPT) - this flag identifies an Intel Rapid Start
          Technology partition.

     'esp'
          (MS-DOS, GPT) - this flag identifies a UEFI System Partition.
          On GPT it is an alias for boot.

     'chromeos_kernel'
          (GPT) - this flag indicates a partition that can be used with
          the Chrome OS bootloader and verified boot implementation.

     'lba'
          (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell MS DOS, MS Windows
          9x and MS Windows ME based operating systems to use Linear
          (LBA) mode.

     'root'
          (Mac) - this flag should be enabled if the partition is the
          root device to be used by Linux.

     'linux-home'
          (GPT) - Enable this to indicate that the selected partition is
          a Linux /home partition.

     'swap'
          (MS-DOS, GPT, Mac) - this flag should be enabled if the
          partition is the swap device to be used by Linux.

     'hidden'
          (MS-DOS, PC98) - this flag can be enabled to hide partitions
          from Microsoft operating systems.

     'raid'
          (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell linux the
          partition is a software RAID partition.

     'LVM'
          (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled to tell linux the
          partition is a physical volume.

     'PALO'
          (MS-DOS) - this flag can be enabled so that the partition can
          be used by the Linux/PA-RISC boot loader, palo.

     'PREP'
          (MS-DOS, GPT) - this flag can be enabled so that the partition
          can be used as a PReP boot partition on PowerPC PReP or IBM
          RS6K/CHRP hardware.

     'DIAG'
          (MS-DOS) - Enable this to indicate that a partition can be
          used as a diagnostics / recovery partition.

     The print command displays all enabled flags for each partition.

     Example:

          (parted) set 1 boot on

     Set the 'boot' flag on partition 1.


File: parted.info,  Node: toggle,  Next: type,  Prev: set,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.15 toggle
-------------

 -- Command: toggle NUMBER FLAG

     Toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER.


File: parted.info,  Node: type,  Next: unit,  Prev: toggle,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.16 type
-----------

 -- Command: type NUMBER ID or UUID

     On MS-DOS set the type-id aka partition id to ID on partition
     NUMBER.  The id is a value between 0x01 and 0xff, e.g.  the ID for
     Linux is 0x83.  A list with some IDs is available at
     <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_type>.

     On GPT set the type-uuid to UUID on partition NUMBER.  E.g.  the
     UUID for Linux is 0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4.  A list
     with some UUIDs is availabe at
     <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table>.


File: parted.info,  Node: unit,  Prev: type,  Up: Command explanations

2.4.17 unit
-----------

 -- Command: unit UNIT

     Selects the current default unit that Parted will use to display
     locations and capacities on the disk and to interpret those given
     by the user if they are not suffixed by an UNIT.

     UNIT may be one of:

     's'
          sector (n bytes depending on the sector size, often 512)

     'B'
          byte

     'KiB'
          kibibyte (1024 bytes)

     'MiB'
          mebibyte (1048576 bytes)

     'GiB'
          gibibyte (1073741824 bytes)

     'TiB'
          tebibyte (1099511627776 bytes)

     'kB'
          kilobyte (1000 bytes)

     'MB'
          megabyte (1000000 bytes)

     'GB'
          gigabyte (1000000000 bytes)

     'TB'
          terabyte (1000000000000 bytes)

     '%'
          percentage of the device (between 0 and 100)

     'cyl'
          cylinders (related to the BIOS CHS geometry)

     'chs'
          cylinders, heads, sectors addressing (related to the BIOS CHS
          geometry)

     'compact'
          This is a special unit that defaults to megabytes for input,
          and picks a unit that gives a compact human readable
          representation for output.

     The default unit apply only for the output and when no unit is
     specified after an input number.  Input numbers can be followed by
     an unit (without any space or other character between them), in
     which case this unit apply instead of the default unit for this
     particular number, but CHS and cylinder units are not supported as
     a suffix.  If no suffix is given, then the default unit is assumed.
     Parted will compute sensible ranges for the locations you specify
     (e.g., a range of +/- 500 MB when you specify the location in "G",
     and a range of +/- 500 KB when you specify the location in "M") and
     will select the nearest location in this range from the one you
     wrote that satisfies constraints from both the operation, the
     filesystem being worked on, the disk label, other partitions and so
     on.  Use the sector unit "s" to specify exact locations (if they do
     not satisfy all constraints, Parted will ask you for the nearest
     solution).  Note that negative numbers count back from the end of
     the disk, with "-1s" pointing to the last sector of the disk.

     Note that as of parted-2.4, when you specify start and/or end
     values using IEC binary units like "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", etc.,
     parted treats those values as exact, and equivalent to the same
     number specified in bytes (i.e., with the "B" suffix), in that it
     provides _no_ "helpful" range of sloppiness.  Contrast that with a
     partition start request of "4GB", which may actually resolve to
     some sector up to 500MB before or after that point.  Thus, when
     creating a partition, you should prefer to specify units of bytes
     ("B"), sectors ("s"), or IEC binary units like "MiB", but not "MB",
     "GB", etc.

     Example:

          (parted) unit compact
          (parted) print
          Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0kB - 123GB
          Disk label type: msdos
          Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  Flags
          1       32kB    1078MB  1077MB  primary   reiserfs     boot
          2       1078MB  2155MB  1078MB  primary   linux-swap
          3       2155MB  123GB   121GB   extended
          5       2155MB  7452MB  5297MB  logical   reiserfs
          (parted) unit chs print
          Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0,0,0 - 14946,225,62
          BIOS cylinder,head,sector geometry: 14946,255,63.  Each cylinder
          is 8225kB.
          Disk label type: msdos
          Number  Start       End         Type      File system  Flags
          1       0,1,0       130,254,62  primary   reiserfs     boot
          2       131,0,0     261,254,62  primary   linux-swap
          3       262,0,0     14945,254,62 extended
          5       262,2,0     905,254,62  logical   reiserfs
          (parted) unit mb print
          Disk geometry for /dev/hda: 0MB - 122942MB
          Disk label type: msdos
          Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  Flags
          1       0MB     1078MB  1077MB  primary   reiserfs     boot
          2       1078MB  2155MB  1078MB  primary   linux-swap
          3       2155MB  122935MB 120780MB extended
          5       2155MB  7452MB  5297MB  logical   reiserfs


File: parted.info,  Node: Related information,  Next: Copying This Manual,  Prev: Using Parted,  Up: Top

3 Related information
*********************

If you want to find out more information, please see the GNU Parted web
site.

  These files in the Parted distribution contain further information:

   * 'ABOUT-NLS' - information about using Native Language Support, and
     the Free Translation Project.

   * 'AUTHORS' - who wrote what.

   * 'ChangeLog' - record of changes made to Parted.

   * 'COPYING' - the GNU General Public License, the terms under which
     GNU Parted may be distributed.

   * 'COPYING.DOC' - the GNU Free Documentation Licence, the term under
     which Parted's documentation may be distributed.

   * 'INSTALL' -- how to compile and install Parted, and most other free
     software


File: parted.info,  Node: Copying This Manual,  Next: History,  Prev: Related information,  Up: Top

Appendix A Copying This Manual
******************************

* Menu:

* GNU Free Documentation License::  License for copying this manual


File: parted.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Copying This Manual

A.1 GNU Free Documentation License
==================================

                     Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

     Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     <https://fsf.org/>

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

  0. PREAMBLE

     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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     This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
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  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

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  2. VERBATIM COPYING

     You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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  4. MODIFICATIONS

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  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

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  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

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  11. RELICENSING

     "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
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     The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
     site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
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ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
       Free Documentation License''.

  If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
         being LIST.

  If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.


File: parted.info,  Node: History,  Next: Concept index,  Prev: Copying This Manual,  Up: Top

Appendix B This manual's history
********************************

This manual was based on the file 'USER' included in GNU Parted version
1.4.22 source distribution.  The GNU Parted source distribution is
available at <https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted>.

  Initial Texinfo formatting by Richard M. Kreuter, 2002.

  Maintainance by Andrew Clausen from 2002 to 2005 and by Leslie P.
Polzer from July 2005 onwards.

  This manual is distributed under the GNU Free Documentation License,
version 1.1 or later, at your discretion, any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no
Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.  *Note Copying This
Manual::, for details.


File: parted.info,  Node: Concept index,  Prev: History,  Up: Top

Index
*****

[index]
* Menu:

* align-check, command description:      align-check.           (line 6)
* bugs, reporting:                       Overview.              (line 6)
* building parted:                       Compiling.             (line 6)
* command description, align-check:      align-check.           (line 6)
* command description, disk_set:         disk_set.              (line 6)
* command description, disk_toggle:      disk_toggle.           (line 6)
* command description, help:             help.                  (line 6)
* command description, mkindex:          mklabel.               (line 6)
* command description, mkpart:           mkpart.                (line 6)
* command description, name:             name.                  (line 6)
* command description, print:            print.                 (line 6)
* command description, quit:             quit.                  (line 6)
* command description, rescue:           rescue.                (line 6)
* command description, resizepart:       resizepart.            (line 6)
* command description, rm:               rm.                    (line 6)
* command description, select:           select.                (line 6)
* command description, set:              set.                   (line 6)
* command description, toggle:           toggle.                (line 6)
* command description, type:             type.                  (line 6)
* command description, unit:             unit.                  (line 6)
* command syntax:                        Command explanations.  (line 6)
* commands:                              Using Parted.          (line 6)
* commands, detailed listing:            Command explanations.  (line 6)
* commands, overview:                    Invoking Parted.       (line 6)
* compiling parted:                      Compiling.             (line 6)
* contacting developers:                 Overview.              (line 6)
* description of parted:                 Overview.              (line 6)
* detailed command listing:              Command explanations.  (line 6)
* disk_set, command description:         disk_set.              (line 6)
* disk_toggle, command description:      disk_toggle.           (line 6)
* e2fsprogs:                             Software Required.     (line 6)
* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.
                                                                (line 6)
* further reading:                       Related information.   (line 6)
* gettext:                               Software Required.     (line 6)
* gnu gpl:                               License.               (line 6)
* gpl:                                   License.               (line 6)
* help, command description:             help.                  (line 6)
* history of this manual:                History.               (line 6)
* invocation options:                    Invoking Parted.       (line 6)
* libuuid:                               Software Required.     (line 6)
* license terms:                         License.               (line 6)
* mklabel, command description:          mklabel.               (line 6)
* mkpart, command description:           mkpart.                (line 6)
* modes of use:                          Running Parted.        (line 6)
* name, command description:             name.                  (line 6)
* options at invocation:                 Invoking Parted.       (line 6)
* overview:                              Overview.              (line 6)
* parted description:                    Overview.              (line 6)
* partitioning overview:                 Partitioning.          (line 6)
* platforms, supported:                  Supported Platforms.   (line 6)
* print, command description:            print.                 (line 6)
* quit, command description:             quit.                  (line 6)
* readline:                              Software Required.     (line 6)
* related documentation:                 Related information.   (line 6)
* reporting bugs:                        Overview.              (line 6)
* required software:                     Software Required.     (line 6)
* rescue, command description:           rescue.                (line 6)
* resizepart, command description:       resizepart.            (line 6)
* rm, command description:               rm.                    (line 6)
* select, command description:           select.                (line 6)
* set, command description:              set.                   (line 6)
* software dependencies:                 Software Required.     (line 6)
* supported platforms:                   Supported Platforms.   (line 6)
* terms of distribution:                 License.               (line 6)
* toggle, command description:           toggle.                (line 6)
* type, command description:             type.                  (line 6)
* unit, command description:             unit.                  (line 6)



Tag Table:
Node: Top764
Node: Introduction1567
Node: Overview2023
Node: Software Required3537
Node: Supported Platforms4881
Node: License5335
Node: Compiling5939
Node: Using Parted7208
Node: Partitioning7627
Node: Running Parted9265
Node: Invoking Parted11644
Node: Command explanations12854
Node: align-check13355
Node: disk_set14080
Node: disk_toggle14788
Node: help14995
Node: mklabel15281
Ref: mklabel-Footnote-116204
Node: mkpart16334
Ref: mkpart-Footnote-118863
Node: name19114
Node: print19631
Node: quit21398
Node: rescue21892
Node: resizepart23966
Node: rm24514
Node: select25409
Node: set25897
Node: toggle29835
Node: type30037
Node: unit30674
Ref: IEC binary units33058
Node: Related information35151
Node: Copying This Manual35973
Node: GNU Free Documentation License36217
Node: History61329
Node: Concept index62142

End Tag Table


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