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-rw-r--r--html/virtual.5.html159
1 files changed, 81 insertions, 78 deletions
diff --git a/html/virtual.5.html b/html/virtual.5.html
index 7e9061e..c1c6ece 100644
--- a/html/virtual.5.html
+++ b/html/virtual.5.html
@@ -18,101 +18,102 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
<b>postmap -q - /etc/postfix/virtual</b> &lt;<i>inputfile</i>
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
- The optional <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias table rewrites recipient addresses for
- all local, all virtual, and all remote mail destinations. This is
- unlike the <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> table which is used only for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery.
- This feature is implemented in the Postfix <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a> daemon before
- mail is queued.
+ The optional <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias table (<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a>) applies to all
+ recipients: <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a>, virtual, and remote. This feature is implemented
+ in the Postfix <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a> daemon before mail is queued.
- Virtual aliasing is recursive; to terminate recursion for a specific
+ This is unlike the <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> table (<a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a>) which applies only to
+ <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> recipients.
+
+ Virtual aliasing is recursive; to terminate recursion for a specific
address, alias that address to itself.
- The main applications of virtual aliasing are:
+ The main applications of <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html#virtual">virtual aliasing</a> are:
<b>o</b> To redirect mail for one address to one or more addresses.
- <b>o</b> To implement virtual alias domains where all addresses are
+ <b>o</b> To implement virtual alias domains where all addresses are
aliased to addresses in other domains.
- Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual
+ Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual
mailbox domains that are implemented with the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html"><b>virtual</b>(8)</a>
- mail delivery agent. With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a>, each recipi-
+ mail delivery agent. With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a>, each recipi-
ent address can have its own mailbox.
- Virtual aliasing is applied only to recipient envelope addresses, and
- does not affect message headers. Use <a href="canonical.5.html"><b>canonical</b>(5)</a> mapping to rewrite
+ Virtual aliasing is applied only to recipient envelope addresses, and
+ does not affect message headers. Use <a href="canonical.5.html"><b>canonical</b>(5)</a> mapping to rewrite
header and envelope addresses in general.
- Normally, the <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias table is specified as a text file that
+ Normally, the <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias table is specified as a text file that
serves as input to the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command. The result, an indexed file
- in <b>dbm</b> or <b>db</b> format, is used for fast searching by the mail system.
+ in <b>dbm</b> or <b>db</b> format, is used for fast searching by the mail system.
Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to rebuild an
indexed file after changing the corresponding text file.
- When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL,
+ When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL,
the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files.
- Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map
- where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups can be
- directed to a TCP-based server. In those case, the lookups are done in
- a slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION
+ Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map
+ where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups can be
+ directed to a TCP-based server. In those case, the lookups are done in
+ a slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION
TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES".
<b>CASE FOLDING</b>
- The search string is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of
- Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case folded with database types
- such as <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp</a>: or <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre</a>: whose lookup fields can match both upper and
+ The search string is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of
+ Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case folded with database types
+ such as <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp</a>: or <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre</a>: whose lookup fields can match both upper and
lower case.
<b>TABLE FORMAT</b>
The input format for the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command is as follows:
<i>pattern address, address, ...</i>
- When <i>pattern</i> matches a mail address, replace it by the corre-
+ When <i>pattern</i> matches a mail address, replace it by the corre-
sponding <i>address</i>.
blank lines and comments
- Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines
+ Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines
whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'.
multi-line text
- A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that
+ A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that
starts with whitespace continues a logical line.
<b>TABLE SEARCH ORDER</b>
- With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked
- tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, each <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> query produces a
+ With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked
+ tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, each <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> query produces a
sequence of query patterns as described below.
Each query pattern is sent to each specified lookup table before trying
the next query pattern, until a match is found.
<i>user</i>@<i>domain address, address, ...</i>
- Redirect mail for <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> to <i>address</i>. This form has the
+ Redirect mail for <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> to <i>address</i>. This form has the
highest precedence.
<i>user address, address, ...</i>
- Redirect mail for <i>user</i>@<i>site</i> to <i>address</i> when <i>site</i> is equal to
- $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b>, when <i>site</i> is listed in $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b>, or when it is
+ Redirect mail for <i>user</i>@<i>site</i> to <i>address</i> when <i>site</i> is equal to
+ $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b>, when <i>site</i> is listed in $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b>, or when it is
listed in $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a></b> or $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a></b>.
- This functionality overlaps with the functionality of the local
- <i>aliases</i>(5) database. The difference is that <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> mapping
+ This functionality overlaps with the functionality of the local
+ <i>aliases</i>(5) database. The difference is that <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> mapping
can be applied to non-local addresses.
@<i>domain address, address, ...</i>
- Redirect mail for other users in <i>domain</i> to <i>address</i>. This form
+ Redirect mail for other users in <i>domain</i> to <i>address</i>. This form
has the lowest precedence.
- Note: @<i>domain</i> is a wild-card. With this form, the Postfix SMTP
- server accepts mail for any recipient in <i>domain</i>, regardless of
- whether that recipient exists. This may turn your mail system
- into a backscatter source: Postfix first accepts mail for
- non-existent recipients and then tries to return that mail as
+ Note: @<i>domain</i> is a wild-card. With this form, the Postfix SMTP
+ server accepts mail for any recipient in <i>domain</i>, regardless of
+ whether that recipient exists. This may turn your mail system
+ into a backscatter source: Postfix first accepts mail for
+ non-existent recipients and then tries to return that mail as
"undeliverable" to the often forged sender address.
- To avoid backscatter with mail for a wild-card domain, replace
- the wild-card mapping with explicit 1:1 mappings, or add a
+ To avoid backscatter with mail for a wild-card domain, replace
+ the wild-card mapping with explicit 1:1 mappings, or add a
<a href="postconf.5.html#reject_unverified_recipient">reject_unverified_recipient</a> restriction for that domain:
<a href="postconf.5.html#smtpd_recipient_restrictions">smtpd_recipient_restrictions</a> =
@@ -128,11 +129,11 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
<b>RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING</b>
The lookup result is subject to address rewriting:
- <b>o</b> When the result has the form @<i>otherdomain</i>, the result becomes
- the same <i>user</i> in <i>otherdomain</i>. This works only for the first
+ <b>o</b> When the result has the form @<i>otherdomain</i>, the result becomes
+ the same <i>user</i> in <i>otherdomain</i>. This works only for the first
address in a multi-address lookup result.
- <b>o</b> When "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_at_myorigin">append_at_myorigin</a>=yes</b>", append "<b>@$<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b>" to addresses
+ <b>o</b> When "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_at_myorigin">append_at_myorigin</a>=yes</b>", append "<b>@$<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b>" to addresses
without "@domain".
<b>o</b> When "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_dot_mydomain">append_dot_mydomain</a>=yes</b>", append "<b>.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a></b>" to addresses
@@ -140,26 +141,26 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
<b>ADDRESS EXTENSION</b>
When a mail address localpart contains the optional recipient delimiter
- (e.g., <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>), the lookup order becomes: <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>,
+ (e.g., <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>), the lookup order becomes: <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>,
<i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>, <i>user+foo</i>, <i>user</i>, and @<i>domain</i>.
- The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a></b> parameter controls whether an
+ The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a></b> parameter controls whether an
unmatched address extension (<i>+foo</i>) is propagated to the result of a ta-
ble lookup.
<b>VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS</b>
- Besides virtual aliases, the virtual alias table can also be used to
- implement virtual alias domains. With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, all
+ Besides virtual aliases, the virtual alias table can also be used to
+ implement <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domains</a>. With a virtual alias domain, all
recipient addresses are aliased to addresses in other domains.
- Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox
- domains that are implemented with the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html"><b>virtual</b>(8)</a> mail delivery
- agent. With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a>, each recipient address can have
+ Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox
+ domains that are implemented with the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html"><b>virtual</b>(8)</a> mail delivery
+ agent. With virtual mailbox domains, each recipient address can have
its own mailbox.
- With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, the virtual domain has its own user name
- space. Local (i.e. non-virtual) usernames are not visible in a virtual
- alias domain. In particular, local <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> and local mailing lists
+ With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, the virtual domain has its own user name
+ space. Local (i.e. non-virtual) usernames are not visible in a virtual
+ alias domain. In particular, local <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> and local mailing lists
are not visible as <i>localname@virtual-alias.domain</i>.
Support for a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> looks like:
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
- Note: some systems use <b>dbm</b> databases instead of <b>hash</b>. See the output
+ Note: some systems use <b>dbm</b> databases instead of <b>hash</b>. See the output
from "<b>postconf -m</b>" for available database types.
/etc/postfix/virtual:
@@ -177,46 +178,46 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
<i>user2@virtual-alias.domain address2, address3</i>
The <i>virtual-alias.domain anything</i> entry is required for a virtual alias
- domain. <b>Without this entry, mail is rejected with "relay access</b>
+ domain. <b>Without this entry, mail is rejected with "relay access</b>
<b>denied", or bounces with "mail loops back to myself".</b>
- Do not specify <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> names in the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b>
+ Do not specify <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> names in the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b>
or <b><a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a></b> configuration parameters.
- With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, the Postfix SMTP server accepts mail for
+ With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, the Postfix SMTP server accepts mail for
<i>known-user@virtual-alias.domain</i>, and rejects mail for <i>unknown-user</i>@<i>vir-</i>
<i>tual-alias.domain</i> as undeliverable.
- Instead of specifying the virtual alias domain name via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">vir</a>-</b>
- <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">tual_alias_maps</a></b> table, you may also specify it via the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">vir-</b>
+ Instead of specifying the virtual alias domain name via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">vir</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">tual_alias_maps</a></b> table, you may also specify it via the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">vir-</b>
<b>tual_alias_domains</a></b> configuration parameter. This latter parameter uses
the same syntax as the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b> configuration parameter.
<b>REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES</b>
- This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is
- given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of regular
+ This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is
+ given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of regular
expression lookup table syntax, see <a href="regexp_table.5.html"><b>regexp_table</b>(5)</a> or <a href="pcre_table.5.html"><b>pcre_table</b>(5)</a>.
- Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire
- address being looked up. Thus, <i>user@domain</i> mail addresses are not bro-
- ken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i> constituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i>
+ Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire
+ address being looked up. Thus, <i>user@domain</i> mail addresses are not bro-
+ ken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i> constituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i>
broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>.
- Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a
+ Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a
pattern is found that matches the search string.
- Results are the same as with indexed file lookups, with the additional
- feature that parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpo-
+ Results are the same as with indexed file lookups, with the additional
+ feature that parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpo-
lated as <b>$1</b>, <b>$2</b> and so on.
<b>TCP-BASED TABLES</b>
- This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups are
- directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP
- client/server lookup protocol, see <a href="tcp_table.5.html"><b>tcp_table</b>(5)</a>. This feature is
+ This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups are
+ directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP
+ client/server lookup protocol, see <a href="tcp_table.5.html"><b>tcp_table</b>(5)</a>. This feature is
available in Postfix 2.5 and later.
- Each lookup operation uses the entire address once. Thus, <i>user@domain</i>
- mail addresses are not broken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i> con-
+ Each lookup operation uses the entire address once. Thus, <i>user@domain</i>
+ mail addresses are not broken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i> con-
stituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i> broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>.
Results are the same as with indexed file lookups.
@@ -230,8 +231,9 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
Use the "<b>postfix reload</b>" command after a configuration change.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_maps">virtual_maps</a>)</b>
- Optional lookup tables that alias specific mail addresses or
- domains to other local or remote addresses.
+ Optional lookup tables with aliases that apply to all recipi-
+ ents: <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a>, virtual, and remote; this is unlike <a href="postconf.5.html#alias_maps">alias_maps</a>
+ that apply only to <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> recipients.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a>)</b>
Postfix is the final destination for the specified list of vir-
@@ -245,8 +247,8 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
Other parameters of interest:
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> (all)</b>
- The network interface addresses that this mail system receives
- mail on.
+ The local network interface addresses that this mail system
+ receives mail on.
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a>, localhost.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>, localhost)</b>
The list of domains that are delivered via the $<a href="postconf.5.html#local_transport">local_transport</a>
@@ -263,8 +265,9 @@ VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
set to "-".
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a> (empty)</b>
- The network interface addresses that this mail system receives
- mail on by way of a proxy or network address translation unit.
+ The remote network interface addresses that this mail system
+ receives mail on by way of a proxy or network address transla-
+ tion unit.
<b>SEE ALSO</b>
<a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a>, canonicalize and enqueue mail