Adding upstream version 15.4.upstream/15.4upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

9 files changed, 986 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e12fbeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin.out
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, 'one');
+CREATE INDEX test1_a_idx ON test1 USING brin (a);
+SELECT brin_page_type(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 0));
+ brin_page_type 
+----------------
+ meta
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_page_type(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 1));
+ brin_page_type 
+----------------
+ revmap
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_page_type(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 2));
+ brin_page_type 
+----------------
+ regular
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM brin_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 0));
+   magic    | version | pagesperrange | lastrevmappage 
+------------+---------+---------------+----------------
+ 0xA8109CFA |       1 |           128 |              1
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM brin_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 1));
+ERROR:  page is not a BRIN page of type "metapage"
+DETAIL:  Expected special type 0000f091, got 0000f092.
+SELECT * FROM brin_revmap_data(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 0)) LIMIT 5;
+ERROR:  page is not a BRIN page of type "revmap"
+DETAIL:  Expected special type 0000f092, got 0000f091.
+SELECT * FROM brin_revmap_data(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 1)) LIMIT 5;
+ pages 
+-------
+ (2,1)
+ (0,0)
+ (0,0)
+ (0,0)
+ (0,0)
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 2), 'test1_a_idx')
+    ORDER BY blknum, attnum LIMIT 5;
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder |  value   
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+          1 |      0 |      1 | f        | f        | f           | {1 .. 1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- Mask DETAIL messages as these are not portable across architectures.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+-- Failures for non-BRIN index.
+CREATE INDEX test1_a_btree ON test1 (a);
+SELECT brin_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_btree', 0), 'test1_a_btree');
+ERROR:  "test1_a_btree" is not a BRIN index
+SELECT brin_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_btree', 0), 'test1_a_idx');
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid BRIN page
+-- Invalid special area size
+SELECT brin_page_type(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid BRIN page
+SELECT * FROM brin_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid BRIN page
+SELECT * FROM brin_revmap_data(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid BRIN page
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT brin_page_type(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ brin_page_type 
+----------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_page_items(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'), 'test1_a_idx');
+ brin_page_items 
+-----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT brin_metapage_info(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ brin_metapage_info 
+--------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT brin_revmap_data(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ brin_revmap_data 
+------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/btree.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/btree.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..035a81a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/btree.out
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int8, b int4range);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (72057594037927937, '[0,1)');
+CREATE INDEX test1_a_idx ON test1 USING btree (a);
+\x
+SELECT * FROM bt_metap('test1_a_idx');
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-------------+-------
+magic                     | 340322
+version                   | 4
+root                      | 1
+level                     | 0
+fastroot                  | 1
+fastlevel                 | 0
+last_cleanup_num_delpages | 0
+last_cleanup_num_tuples   | -1
+allequalimage             | t
+
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_stats('test1_a_idx', -1);
+ERROR:  invalid block number
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_stats('test1_a_idx', 0);
+ERROR:  block 0 is a meta page
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_stats('test1_a_idx', 1);
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-+-----
+blkno         | 1
+type          | l
+live_items    | 1
+dead_items    | 0
+avg_item_size | 16
+page_size     | 8192
+free_size     | 8128
+btpo_prev     | 0
+btpo_next     | 0
+btpo_level    | 0
+btpo_flags    | 3
+
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_stats('test1_a_idx', 2);
+ERROR:  block number out of range
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items('test1_a_idx', -1);
+ERROR:  invalid block number
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items('test1_a_idx', 0);
+ERROR:  block 0 is a meta page
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items('test1_a_idx', 1);
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-----------------------
+itemoffset | 1
+ctid       | (0,1)
+itemlen    | 16
+nulls      | f
+vars       | f
+data       | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
+dead       | f
+htid       | (0,1)
+tids       | 
+
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items('test1_a_idx', 2);
+ERROR:  block number out of range
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', -1));
+ERROR:  invalid block number
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 0));
+ERROR:  block is a meta page
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 1));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-----------------------
+itemoffset | 1
+ctid       | (0,1)
+itemlen    | 16
+nulls      | f
+vars       | f
+data       | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
+dead       | f
+htid       | (0,1)
+tids       | 
+
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_idx', 2));
+ERROR:  block number 2 is out of range for relation "test1_a_idx"
+-- Failure when using a non-btree index.
+CREATE INDEX test1_a_hash ON test1 USING hash(a);
+SELECT bt_metap('test1_a_hash');
+ERROR:  "test1_a_hash" is not a btree index
+SELECT bt_page_stats('test1_a_hash', 0);
+ERROR:  "test1_a_hash" is not a btree index
+SELECT bt_page_items('test1_a_hash', 0);
+ERROR:  "test1_a_hash" is not a btree index
+SELECT bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_hash', 0));
+ERROR:  block is a meta page
+CREATE INDEX test1_b_gist ON test1 USING gist(b);
+-- Special area of GiST is the same as btree, this complains about inconsistent
+-- leaf data on the page.
+SELECT bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_b_gist', 0));
+ERROR:  block is not a valid btree leaf page
+-- Several failure modes.
+-- Suppress the DETAIL message, to allow the tests to work across various
+-- page sizes and architectures.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+-- invalid page size
+SELECT bt_page_items('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+-- invalid special area size
+CREATE INDEX test1_a_brin ON test1 USING brin(a);
+SELECT bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid btree page
+SELECT bt_page_items(get_raw_page('test1_a_brin', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid btree page
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT bt_page_items(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-+-
+bt_page_items | 
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/checksum.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/checksum.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a85388e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/checksum.out
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+--
+-- Verify correct calculation of checksums
+--
+-- Postgres' checksum algorithm produces different answers on little-endian
+-- and big-endian machines.  The results of this test also vary depending
+-- on the configured block size.  This test has several different expected
+-- results files to handle the following possibilities:
+--
+--	BLCKSZ	end	file
+--	8K	LE	checksum.out
+--	8K	BE	checksum_1.out
+--
+-- In future we might provide additional expected-results files for other
+-- block sizes, but there seems little point as long as so many other
+-- test scripts also show false failures for non-default block sizes.
+--
+-- This is to label the results files with blocksize:
+SHOW block_size;
+ block_size 
+------------
+ 8192
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW block_size \gset
+-- Apply page_checksum() to some different data patterns and block numbers
+SELECT blkno,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('01', :block_size), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_01,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('04', :block_size), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_04,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('ff', :block_size), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_ff,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('abcd', :block_size / 2), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_abcd,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('e6d6', :block_size / 2), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_e6d6,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('4a5e', :block_size / 2), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_4a5e
+  FROM generate_series(0, 100, 50) AS a (blkno);
+ blkno | checksum_01 | checksum_04 | checksum_ff | checksum_abcd | checksum_e6d6 | checksum_4a5e 
+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+---------------+---------------
+     0 |        1175 |       28338 |        3612 |        -30781 |        -16269 |        -27377
+    50 |        1225 |       28352 |        3598 |        -30795 |        -16251 |        -27391
+   100 |        1139 |       28438 |        3648 |        -30881 |        -16305 |        -27349
+(3 rows)
+
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/checksum_1.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/checksum_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb1b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/checksum_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+--
+-- Verify correct calculation of checksums
+--
+-- Postgres' checksum algorithm produces different answers on little-endian
+-- and big-endian machines.  The results of this test also vary depending
+-- on the configured block size.  This test has several different expected
+-- results files to handle the following possibilities:
+--
+--	BLCKSZ	end	file
+--	8K	LE	checksum.out
+--	8K	BE	checksum_1.out
+--
+-- In future we might provide additional expected-results files for other
+-- block sizes, but there seems little point as long as so many other
+-- test scripts also show false failures for non-default block sizes.
+--
+-- This is to label the results files with blocksize:
+SHOW block_size;
+ block_size 
+------------
+ 8192
+(1 row)
+
+SHOW block_size \gset
+-- Apply page_checksum() to some different data patterns and block numbers
+SELECT blkno,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('01', :block_size), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_01,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('04', :block_size), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_04,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('ff', :block_size), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_ff,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('abcd', :block_size / 2), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_abcd,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('e6d6', :block_size / 2), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_e6d6,
+    page_checksum(decode(repeat('4a5e', :block_size / 2), 'hex'), blkno) AS checksum_4a5e
+  FROM generate_series(0, 100, 50) AS a (blkno);
+ blkno | checksum_01 | checksum_04 | checksum_ff | checksum_abcd | checksum_e6d6 | checksum_4a5e 
+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+---------------+---------------
+     0 |      -16327 |        8766 |       -2722 |         13757 |        -11485 |        -31426
+    50 |      -16281 |        8780 |       -2708 |         13771 |        -11503 |        -31440
+   100 |      -16235 |        8866 |       -2758 |         13721 |        -11577 |        -31518
+(3 rows)
+
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/gin.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/gin.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff1da6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/gin.out
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+CREATE TABLE test1 (x int, y int[]);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, ARRAY[11, 111]);
+CREATE INDEX test1_y_idx ON test1 USING gin (y) WITH (fastupdate = off);
+\x
+SELECT * FROM gin_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test1_y_idx', 0));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----+-----------
+pending_head     | 4294967295
+pending_tail     | 4294967295
+tail_free_size   | 0
+n_pending_pages  | 0
+n_pending_tuples | 0
+n_total_pages    | 2
+n_entry_pages    | 1
+n_data_pages     | 0
+n_entries        | 2
+version          | 2
+
+SELECT * FROM gin_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test1_y_idx', 1));
+ERROR:  input page is not a GIN metapage
+DETAIL:  Flags 0002, expected 0008
+SELECT * FROM gin_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test1_y_idx', 1));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---------
+rightlink | 4294967295
+maxoff    | 0
+flags     | {leaf}
+
+SELECT * FROM gin_leafpage_items(get_raw_page('test1_y_idx', 1));
+ERROR:  input page is not a compressed GIN data leaf page
+DETAIL:  Flags 0002, expected 0083
+INSERT INTO test1 SELECT x, ARRAY[1,10] FROM generate_series(2,10000) x;
+SELECT COUNT(*) > 0
+FROM gin_leafpage_items(get_raw_page('test1_y_idx',
+                        (pg_relation_size('test1_y_idx') /
+                         current_setting('block_size')::bigint)::int - 1));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]
+?column? | t
+
+-- Failure with various modes.
+-- Suppress the DETAIL message, to allow the tests to work across various
+-- page sizes and architectures.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+-- invalid page size
+SELECT gin_leafpage_items('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT gin_metapage_info('bbb'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT gin_page_opaque_info('ccc'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+-- invalid special area size
+SELECT * FROM gin_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GIN metapage
+SELECT * FROM gin_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GIN data leaf page
+SELECT * FROM gin_leafpage_items(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GIN data leaf page
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT gin_leafpage_items(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]------+-
+gin_leafpage_items | 
+
+SELECT gin_metapage_info(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+-
+gin_metapage_info | 
+
+SELECT gin_page_opaque_info(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--------+-
+gin_page_opaque_info | 
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/gist.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/gist.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1adbab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/gist.out
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+-- The gist_page_opaque_info() function prints the page's LSN. Normally,
+-- that's constant 1 (GistBuildLSN) on every page of a freshly built GiST
+-- index. But with wal_level=minimal, the whole relation is dumped to WAL at
+-- the end of the transaction if it's smaller than wal_skip_threshold, which
+-- updates the LSNs. Wrap the tests on gist_page_opaque_info() in the
+-- same transaction with the CREATE INDEX so that we see the LSNs before
+-- they are possibly overwritten at end of transaction.
+BEGIN;
+-- Create a test table and GiST index.
+CREATE TABLE test_gist AS SELECT point(i,i) p, i::text t FROM
+    generate_series(1,1000) i;
+CREATE INDEX test_gist_idx ON test_gist USING gist (p);
+-- Page 0 is the root, the rest are leaf pages
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 0));
+ lsn | nsn | rightlink  | flags 
+-----+-----+------------+-------
+ 0/1 | 0/0 | 4294967295 | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 1));
+ lsn | nsn | rightlink  | flags  
+-----+-----+------------+--------
+ 0/1 | 0/0 | 4294967295 | {leaf}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 2));
+ lsn | nsn | rightlink | flags  
+-----+-----+-----------+--------
+ 0/1 | 0/0 |         1 | {leaf}
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 0), 'test_gist_idx');
+ itemoffset |   ctid    | itemlen | dead |             keys              
+------------+-----------+---------+------+-------------------------------
+          1 | (1,65535) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(185,185),(1,1)")
+          2 | (2,65535) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(370,370),(186,186)")
+          3 | (3,65535) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(555,555),(371,371)")
+          4 | (4,65535) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(740,740),(556,556)")
+          5 | (5,65535) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(870,870),(741,741)")
+          6 | (6,65535) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(1000,1000),(871,871)")
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 1), 'test_gist_idx') LIMIT 5;
+ itemoffset | ctid  | itemlen | dead |        keys         
+------------+-------+---------+------+---------------------
+          1 | (0,1) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(1,1),(1,1)")
+          2 | (0,2) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(2,2),(2,2)")
+          3 | (0,3) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(3,3),(3,3)")
+          4 | (0,4) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(4,4),(4,4)")
+          5 | (0,5) |      40 | f    | (p)=("(5,5),(5,5)")
+(5 rows)
+
+-- gist_page_items_bytea prints the raw key data as a bytea. The output of that is
+-- platform-dependent (endianness), so omit the actual key data from the output.
+SELECT itemoffset, ctid, itemlen FROM gist_page_items_bytea(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 0));
+ itemoffset |   ctid    | itemlen 
+------------+-----------+---------
+          1 | (1,65535) |      40
+          2 | (2,65535) |      40
+          3 | (3,65535) |      40
+          4 | (4,65535) |      40
+          5 | (5,65535) |      40
+          6 | (6,65535) |      40
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Suppress the DETAIL message, to allow the tests to work across various
+-- page sizes and architectures.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+-- Failures with non-GiST index.
+CREATE INDEX test_gist_btree on test_gist(t);
+SELECT gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_btree', 0), 'test_gist_btree');
+ERROR:  "test_gist_btree" is not a GiST index
+SELECT gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_btree', 0), 'test_gist_idx');
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GiST page
+-- Failure with various modes.
+-- invalid page size
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT gist_page_items('aaa'::bytea, 'test_gist_idx'::regclass);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT gist_page_opaque_info('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+-- invalid special area size
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GiST page
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea(get_raw_page('test_gist', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GiST page
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea(get_raw_page('test_gist_btree', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid GiST page
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ gist_page_items_bytea 
+-----------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT gist_page_items(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'), 'test_gist_idx'::regclass);
+ gist_page_items 
+-----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT gist_page_opaque_info(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ gist_page_opaque_info 
+-----------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test gist_page_items with included columns.
+-- Non-leaf pages contain only the key attributes, and leaf pages contain
+-- the included attributes.
+ALTER TABLE test_gist ADD COLUMN i int DEFAULT NULL;
+CREATE INDEX test_gist_idx_inc ON test_gist
+  USING gist (p) INCLUDE (t, i);
+-- Mask the value of the key attribute to avoid alignment issues.
+SELECT regexp_replace(keys, '\(p\)=\("(.*?)"\)', '(p)=("<val>")') AS keys_nonleaf_1
+  FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx_inc', 0), 'test_gist_idx_inc')
+  WHERE itemoffset = 1;
+ keys_nonleaf_1 
+----------------
+ (p)=("<val>")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keys AS keys_leaf_1
+  FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx_inc', 1), 'test_gist_idx_inc')
+  WHERE itemoffset = 1;
+                     keys_leaf_1                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ (p) INCLUDE (t, i)=("(1,1),(1,1)") INCLUDE (1, null)
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_gist;
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/hash.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/hash.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d6a518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/hash.out
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+CREATE TABLE test_hash (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO test_hash VALUES (1, 'one');
+CREATE INDEX test_hash_a_idx ON test_hash USING hash (a);
+\x
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 0));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+---------
+hash_page_type | metapage
+
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 1));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+-------
+hash_page_type | bucket
+
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 2));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+-------
+hash_page_type | bucket
+
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 3));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+-------
+hash_page_type | bucket
+
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 4));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+-------
+hash_page_type | bucket
+
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 5));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+-------
+hash_page_type | bitmap
+
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 6));
+ERROR:  block number 6 is out of range for relation "test_hash_a_idx"
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', -1);
+ERROR:  invalid block number
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 0);
+ERROR:  invalid overflow block number 0
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 1);
+ERROR:  invalid overflow block number 1
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 2);
+ERROR:  invalid overflow block number 2
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 3);
+ERROR:  invalid overflow block number 3
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 4);
+ERROR:  invalid overflow block number 4
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 5);
+ERROR:  invalid overflow block number 5
+SELECT * FROM hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_idx', 6);
+ERROR:  block number 6 is out of range for relation "test_hash_a_idx"
+SELECT magic, version, ntuples, bsize, bmsize, bmshift, maxbucket, highmask,
+lowmask, ovflpoint, firstfree, nmaps, procid, spares, mapp FROM
+hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 0));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+magic     | 105121344
+version   | 4
+ntuples   | 1
+bsize     | 8152
+bmsize    | 4096
+bmshift   | 15
+maxbucket | 3
+highmask  | 7
+lowmask   | 3
+ovflpoint | 2
+firstfree | 0
+nmaps     | 1
+procid    | 450
+spares    | {0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
+mapp      | {5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
+
+SELECT magic, version, ntuples, bsize, bmsize, bmshift, maxbucket, highmask,
+lowmask, ovflpoint, firstfree, nmaps, procid, spares, mapp FROM
+hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 1));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash meta page
+SELECT magic, version, ntuples, bsize, bmsize, bmshift, maxbucket, highmask,
+lowmask, ovflpoint, firstfree, nmaps, procid, spares, mapp FROM
+hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 2));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash meta page
+SELECT magic, version, ntuples, bsize, bmsize, bmshift, maxbucket, highmask,
+lowmask, ovflpoint, firstfree, nmaps, procid, spares, mapp FROM
+hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 3));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash meta page
+SELECT magic, version, ntuples, bsize, bmsize, bmshift, maxbucket, highmask,
+lowmask, ovflpoint, firstfree, nmaps, procid, spares, mapp FROM
+hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 4));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash meta page
+SELECT magic, version, ntuples, bsize, bmsize, bmshift, maxbucket, highmask,
+lowmask, ovflpoint, firstfree, nmaps, procid, spares, mapp FROM
+hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 5));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash meta page
+SELECT live_items, dead_items, page_size, hasho_prevblkno, hasho_nextblkno,
+hasho_bucket, hasho_flag, hasho_page_id FROM
+hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 0));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash bucket or overflow page
+SELECT live_items, dead_items, page_size, hasho_prevblkno, hasho_nextblkno,
+hasho_bucket, hasho_flag, hasho_page_id FROM
+hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 1));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---+-----------
+live_items      | 0
+dead_items      | 0
+page_size       | 8192
+hasho_prevblkno | 3
+hasho_nextblkno | 4294967295
+hasho_bucket    | 0
+hasho_flag      | 2
+hasho_page_id   | 65408
+
+SELECT live_items, dead_items, page_size, hasho_prevblkno, hasho_nextblkno,
+hasho_bucket, hasho_flag, hasho_page_id FROM
+hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 2));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---+-----------
+live_items      | 0
+dead_items      | 0
+page_size       | 8192
+hasho_prevblkno | 3
+hasho_nextblkno | 4294967295
+hasho_bucket    | 1
+hasho_flag      | 2
+hasho_page_id   | 65408
+
+SELECT live_items, dead_items, page_size, hasho_prevblkno, hasho_nextblkno,
+hasho_bucket, hasho_flag, hasho_page_id FROM
+hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 3));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---+-----------
+live_items      | 1
+dead_items      | 0
+page_size       | 8192
+hasho_prevblkno | 3
+hasho_nextblkno | 4294967295
+hasho_bucket    | 2
+hasho_flag      | 2
+hasho_page_id   | 65408
+
+SELECT live_items, dead_items, page_size, hasho_prevblkno, hasho_nextblkno,
+hasho_bucket, hasho_flag, hasho_page_id FROM
+hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 4));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]---+-----------
+live_items      | 0
+dead_items      | 0
+page_size       | 8192
+hasho_prevblkno | 3
+hasho_nextblkno | 4294967295
+hasho_bucket    | 3
+hasho_flag      | 2
+hasho_page_id   | 65408
+
+SELECT live_items, dead_items, page_size, hasho_prevblkno, hasho_nextblkno,
+hasho_bucket, hasho_flag, hasho_page_id FROM
+hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 5));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash bucket or overflow page
+SELECT * FROM hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 0));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash bucket or overflow page
+SELECT * FROM hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 1));
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 2));
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 3));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]----------
+itemoffset | 1
+ctid       | (0,1)
+data       | 2389907270
+
+SELECT * FROM hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 4));
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash_a_idx', 5));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash bucket or overflow page
+-- Failure with non-hash index
+CREATE INDEX test_hash_a_btree ON test_hash USING btree (a);
+SELECT hash_bitmap_info('test_hash_a_btree', 0);
+ERROR:  "test_hash_a_btree" is not a hash index
+-- Failure with various modes.
+-- Suppress the DETAIL message, to allow the tests to work across various
+-- page sizes and architectures.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+-- invalid page size
+SELECT hash_metapage_info('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT hash_page_items('bbb'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT hash_page_stats('ccc'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT hash_page_type('ddd'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+-- invalid special area size
+SELECT hash_metapage_info(get_raw_page('test_hash', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid hash page
+SELECT hash_page_items(get_raw_page('test_hash', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid hash page
+SELECT hash_page_stats(get_raw_page('test_hash', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid hash page
+SELECT hash_page_type(get_raw_page('test_hash', 0));
+ERROR:  input page is not a valid hash page
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT hash_metapage_info(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash meta page
+SELECT hash_page_items(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash bucket or overflow page
+SELECT hash_page_stats(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ERROR:  page is not a hash bucket or overflow page
+SELECT hash_page_type(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+-------
+hash_page_type | unused
+
+DROP TABLE test_hash;
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/oldextversions.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/oldextversions.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5c4b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/oldextversions.out
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+-- test old extension version entry points
+DROP EXTENSION pageinspect;
+CREATE EXTENSION pageinspect VERSION '1.8';
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int8, b text);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (72057594037927937, 'text');
+CREATE INDEX test1_a_idx ON test1 USING btree (a);
+-- from page.sql
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 0)) AS main_0;
+ main_0 
+--------
+   8192
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'main', 0)) AS main_0;
+ main_0 
+--------
+   8192
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT page_checksum(get_raw_page('test1', 0), 0) IS NOT NULL AS silly_checksum_test;
+ silly_checksum_test 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+-- from btree.sql
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_stats('test1_a_idx', 1);
+ blkno | type | live_items | dead_items | avg_item_size | page_size | free_size | btpo_prev | btpo_next | btpo | btpo_flags 
+-------+------+------------+------------+---------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------+------------
+     1 | l    |          1 |          0 |            16 |      8192 |      8128 |         0 |         0 |    0 |          3
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM bt_page_items('test1_a_idx', 1);
+ itemoffset | ctid  | itemlen | nulls | vars |          data           | dead | htid  | tids 
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------+-------------------------+------+-------+------
+          1 | (0,1) |      16 | f     | f    | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 | f    | (0,1) | 
+(1 row)
+
+-- page_header() uses int instead of smallint for lower, upper, special and
+-- pagesize in pageinspect >= 1.10.
+ALTER EXTENSION pageinspect UPDATE TO '1.9';
+\df page_header
+                                                                                                                  List of functions
+ Schema |    Name     | Result data type |                                                                                         Argument data types                                                                                         | Type 
+--------+-------------+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------
+ public | page_header | record           | page bytea, OUT lsn pg_lsn, OUT checksum smallint, OUT flags smallint, OUT lower smallint, OUT upper smallint, OUT special smallint, OUT pagesize smallint, OUT version smallint, OUT prune_xid xid | func
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pagesize, version FROM page_header(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ pagesize | version 
+----------+---------
+     8192 |       4
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
+DROP EXTENSION pageinspect;
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/page.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/page.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80ddb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/page.out
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+CREATE EXTENSION pageinspect;
+-- Use a temp table so that effects of VACUUM are predictable
+CREATE TEMP TABLE test1 (a int, b int);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (16777217, 131584);
+VACUUM (DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) test1;  -- set up FSM
+-- The page contents can vary, so just test that it can be read
+-- successfully, but don't keep the output.
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'main', 0)) AS main_0;
+ main_0 
+--------
+   8192
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'main', 1)) AS main_1;
+ERROR:  block number 1 is out of range for relation "test1"
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'fsm', 0)) AS fsm_0;
+ fsm_0 
+-------
+  8192
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'fsm', 1)) AS fsm_1;
+ fsm_1 
+-------
+  8192
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'vm', 0)) AS vm_0;
+ vm_0 
+------
+ 8192
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'vm', 1)) AS vm_1;
+ERROR:  block number 1 is out of range for relation "test1"
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'main', -1));
+ERROR:  invalid block number
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('xxx', 'main', 0));
+ERROR:  relation "xxx" does not exist
+SELECT octet_length(get_raw_page('test1', 'xxx', 0));
+ERROR:  invalid fork name
+HINT:  Valid fork names are "main", "fsm", "vm", and "init".
+SELECT get_raw_page('test1', 0) = get_raw_page('test1', 'main', 0);
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT pagesize, version FROM page_header(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+ pagesize | version 
+----------+---------
+     8192 |       4
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT page_checksum(get_raw_page('test1', 0), 0) IS NOT NULL AS silly_checksum_test;
+ silly_checksum_test 
+---------------------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT page_checksum(get_raw_page('test1', 0), -1);
+ERROR:  invalid block number
+SELECT tuple_data_split('test1'::regclass, t_data, t_infomask, t_infomask2, t_bits)
+    FROM heap_page_items(get_raw_page('test1', 0));
+       tuple_data_split        
+-------------------------------
+ {"\\x01000001","\\x00020200"}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM fsm_page_contents(get_raw_page('test1', 'fsm', 0));
+ fsm_page_contents 
+-------------------
+ 0: 254           +
+ 1: 254           +
+ 3: 254           +
+ 7: 254           +
+ 15: 254          +
+ 31: 254          +
+ 63: 254          +
+ 127: 254         +
+ 255: 254         +
+ 511: 254         +
+ 1023: 254        +
+ 2047: 254        +
+ 4095: 254        +
+ fp_next_slot: 0  +
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- If we freeze the only tuple on test1, the infomask should
+-- always be the same in all test runs.
+VACUUM (FREEZE, DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING) test1;
+SELECT t_infomask, t_infomask2, raw_flags, combined_flags
+FROM heap_page_items(get_raw_page('test1', 0)),
+     LATERAL heap_tuple_infomask_flags(t_infomask, t_infomask2);
+ t_infomask | t_infomask2 |                         raw_flags                         |   combined_flags   
+------------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------
+       2816 |           2 | {HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,HEAP_XMIN_INVALID,HEAP_XMAX_INVALID} | {HEAP_XMIN_FROZEN}
+(1 row)
+
+-- tests for decoding of combined flags
+-- HEAP_XMAX_SHR_LOCK = (HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK | HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK)
+SELECT * FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'0050'::int, 0);
+                  raw_flags                  |    combined_flags    
+---------------------------------------------+----------------------
+ {HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK,HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK} | {HEAP_XMAX_SHR_LOCK}
+(1 row)
+
+-- HEAP_XMIN_FROZEN = (HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED | HEAP_XMIN_INVALID)
+SELECT * FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'0300'::int, 0);
+                raw_flags                |   combined_flags   
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------
+ {HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED,HEAP_XMIN_INVALID} | {HEAP_XMIN_FROZEN}
+(1 row)
+
+-- HEAP_MOVED = (HEAP_MOVED_IN | HEAP_MOVED_OFF)
+SELECT * FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'C000'::int, 0);
+           raw_flags            | combined_flags 
+--------------------------------+----------------
+ {HEAP_MOVED_OFF,HEAP_MOVED_IN} | {HEAP_MOVED}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'C000'::int, 0);
+           raw_flags            | combined_flags 
+--------------------------------+----------------
+ {HEAP_MOVED_OFF,HEAP_MOVED_IN} | {HEAP_MOVED}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test all flags of t_infomask and t_infomask2
+SELECT unnest(raw_flags)
+  FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'FFFF'::int, x'FFFF'::int) ORDER BY 1;
+        unnest         
+-----------------------
+ HEAP_COMBOCID
+ HEAP_HASEXTERNAL
+ HEAP_HASNULL
+ HEAP_HASOID_OLD
+ HEAP_HASVARWIDTH
+ HEAP_HOT_UPDATED
+ HEAP_KEYS_UPDATED
+ HEAP_MOVED_IN
+ HEAP_MOVED_OFF
+ HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE
+ HEAP_UPDATED
+ HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED
+ HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK
+ HEAP_XMAX_INVALID
+ HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI
+ HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK
+ HEAP_XMAX_LOCK_ONLY
+ HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED
+ HEAP_XMIN_INVALID
+(19 rows)
+
+SELECT unnest(combined_flags)
+  FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'FFFF'::int, x'FFFF'::int) ORDER BY 1;
+       unnest       
+--------------------
+ HEAP_MOVED
+ HEAP_XMAX_SHR_LOCK
+ HEAP_XMIN_FROZEN
+(3 rows)
+
+-- no flags at all
+SELECT * FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(0, 0);
+ raw_flags | combined_flags 
+-----------+----------------
+ {}        | {}
+(1 row)
+
+-- no combined flags
+SELECT * FROM heap_tuple_infomask_flags(x'0010'::int, 0);
+        raw_flags        | combined_flags 
+-------------------------+----------------
+ {HEAP_XMAX_KEYSHR_LOCK} | {}
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
+-- check that using any of these functions with a partitioned table or index
+-- would fail
+create table test_partitioned (a int) partition by range (a);
+create index test_partitioned_index on test_partitioned (a);
+select get_raw_page('test_partitioned', 0); -- error about partitioned table
+ERROR:  cannot get raw page from relation "test_partitioned"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for partitioned tables.
+select get_raw_page('test_partitioned_index', 0); -- error about partitioned index
+ERROR:  cannot get raw page from relation "test_partitioned_index"
+DETAIL:  This operation is not supported for partitioned indexes.
+-- a regular table which is a member of a partition set should work though
+create table test_part1 partition of test_partitioned for values from ( 1 ) to (100);
+select get_raw_page('test_part1', 0); -- get farther and error about empty table
+ERROR:  block number 0 is out of range for relation "test_part1"
+drop table test_partitioned;
+-- check null bitmap alignment for table whose number of attributes is multiple of 8
+create table test8 (f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, f4 int, f5 int, f6 int, f7 int, f8 int);
+insert into test8(f1, f8) values (x'7f00007f'::int, 0);
+select t_bits, t_data from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('test8', 0));
+  t_bits  |       t_data       
+----------+--------------------
+ 10000001 | \x7f00007f00000000
+(1 row)
+
+select tuple_data_split('test8'::regclass, t_data, t_infomask, t_infomask2, t_bits)
+    from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('test8', 0));
+                      tuple_data_split                       
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"\\x7f00007f",NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,"\\x00000000"}
+(1 row)
+
+drop table test8;
+-- Failure with incorrect page size
+-- Suppress the DETAIL message, to allow the tests to work across various
+-- page sizes.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+SELECT fsm_page_contents('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT page_checksum('bbb'::bytea, 0);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+SELECT page_header('ccc'::bytea);
+ERROR:  invalid page size
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT fsm_page_contents(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ fsm_page_contents 
+-------------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT page_header(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+      page_header      
+-----------------------
+ (0/0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT page_checksum(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'), 1);
+ page_checksum 
+---------------
+              
+(1 row)
+