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+-- The gist_page_opaque_info() function prints the page's LSN. Normally,
+-- that's constant 1 (GistBuildLSN) on every page of a freshly built GiST
+-- index. But with wal_level=minimal, the whole relation is dumped to WAL at
+-- the end of the transaction if it's smaller than wal_skip_threshold, which
+-- updates the LSNs. Wrap the tests on gist_page_opaque_info() in the
+-- same transaction with the CREATE INDEX so that we see the LSNs before
+-- they are possibly overwritten at end of transaction.
+BEGIN;
+-- Create a test table and GiST index.
+CREATE TABLE test_gist AS SELECT point(i,i) p, i::text t FROM
+ generate_series(1,1000) i;
+CREATE INDEX test_gist_idx ON test_gist USING gist (p);
+-- Page 0 is the root, the rest are leaf pages
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 0));
+ lsn | nsn | rightlink | flags
+-----+-----+------------+-------
+ 0/1 | 0/0 | 4294967295 | {}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 1));
+ lsn | nsn | rightlink | flags
+-----+-----+------------+--------
+ 0/1 | 0/0 | 4294967295 | {leaf}
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 2));
+ lsn | nsn | rightlink | flags
+-----+-----+-----------+--------
+ 0/1 | 0/0 | 1 | {leaf}
+(1 row)
+
+COMMIT;
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 0), 'test_gist_idx');
+ itemoffset | ctid | itemlen | dead | keys
+------------+-----------+---------+------+-------------------------------
+ 1 | (1,65535) | 40 | f | (p)=("(185,185),(1,1)")
+ 2 | (2,65535) | 40 | f | (p)=("(370,370),(186,186)")
+ 3 | (3,65535) | 40 | f | (p)=("(555,555),(371,371)")
+ 4 | (4,65535) | 40 | f | (p)=("(740,740),(556,556)")
+ 5 | (5,65535) | 40 | f | (p)=("(870,870),(741,741)")
+ 6 | (6,65535) | 40 | f | (p)=("(1000,1000),(871,871)")
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 1), 'test_gist_idx') LIMIT 5;
+ itemoffset | ctid | itemlen | dead | keys
+------------+-------+---------+------+---------------------
+ 1 | (0,1) | 40 | f | (p)=("(1,1),(1,1)")
+ 2 | (0,2) | 40 | f | (p)=("(2,2),(2,2)")
+ 3 | (0,3) | 40 | f | (p)=("(3,3),(3,3)")
+ 4 | (0,4) | 40 | f | (p)=("(4,4),(4,4)")
+ 5 | (0,5) | 40 | f | (p)=("(5,5),(5,5)")
+(5 rows)
+
+-- gist_page_items_bytea prints the raw key data as a bytea. The output of that is
+-- platform-dependent (endianness), so omit the actual key data from the output.
+SELECT itemoffset, ctid, itemlen FROM gist_page_items_bytea(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx', 0));
+ itemoffset | ctid | itemlen
+------------+-----------+---------
+ 1 | (1,65535) | 40
+ 2 | (2,65535) | 40
+ 3 | (3,65535) | 40
+ 4 | (4,65535) | 40
+ 5 | (5,65535) | 40
+ 6 | (6,65535) | 40
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Suppress the DETAIL message, to allow the tests to work across various
+-- page sizes and architectures.
+\set VERBOSITY terse
+-- Failures with non-GiST index.
+CREATE INDEX test_gist_btree on test_gist(t);
+SELECT gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_btree', 0), 'test_gist_btree');
+ERROR: "test_gist_btree" is not a GiST index
+SELECT gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_btree', 0), 'test_gist_idx');
+ERROR: input page is not a valid GiST page
+-- Failure with various modes.
+-- invalid page size
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR: invalid page size
+SELECT gist_page_items('aaa'::bytea, 'test_gist_idx'::regclass);
+ERROR: invalid page size
+SELECT gist_page_opaque_info('aaa'::bytea);
+ERROR: invalid page size
+-- invalid special area size
+SELECT * FROM gist_page_opaque_info(get_raw_page('test_gist', 0));
+ERROR: input page is not a valid GiST page
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea(get_raw_page('test_gist', 0));
+ERROR: input page is not a valid GiST page
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea(get_raw_page('test_gist_btree', 0));
+ERROR: input page is not a valid GiST page
+\set VERBOSITY default
+-- Tests with all-zero pages.
+SHOW block_size \gset
+SELECT gist_page_items_bytea(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ gist_page_items_bytea
+-----------------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT gist_page_items(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'), 'test_gist_idx'::regclass);
+ gist_page_items
+-----------------
+(0 rows)
+
+SELECT gist_page_opaque_info(decode(repeat('00', :block_size), 'hex'));
+ gist_page_opaque_info
+-----------------------
+
+(1 row)
+
+-- Test gist_page_items with included columns.
+-- Non-leaf pages contain only the key attributes, and leaf pages contain
+-- the included attributes.
+ALTER TABLE test_gist ADD COLUMN i int DEFAULT NULL;
+CREATE INDEX test_gist_idx_inc ON test_gist
+ USING gist (p) INCLUDE (t, i);
+-- Mask the value of the key attribute to avoid alignment issues.
+SELECT regexp_replace(keys, '\(p\)=\("(.*?)"\)', '(p)=("<val>")') AS keys_nonleaf_1
+ FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx_inc', 0), 'test_gist_idx_inc')
+ WHERE itemoffset = 1;
+ keys_nonleaf_1
+----------------
+ (p)=("<val>")
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT keys AS keys_leaf_1
+ FROM gist_page_items(get_raw_page('test_gist_idx_inc', 1), 'test_gist_idx_inc')
+ WHERE itemoffset = 1;
+ keys_leaf_1
+------------------------------------------------------
+ (p) INCLUDE (t, i)=("(1,1),(1,1)") INCLUDE (1, null)
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test_gist;