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diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/ecpg-errors.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/ecpg-errors.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bac8d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/ecpg-errors.html @@ -0,0 +1,441 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>36.8. Error Handling</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="ecpg-descriptors.html" title="36.7. Using Descriptor Areas" /><link rel="next" href="ecpg-preproc.html" title="36.9. Preprocessor Directives" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">36.8. Error Handling</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ecpg-descriptors.html" title="36.7. Using Descriptor Areas">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="ecpg.html" title="Chapter 36. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 36. <span class="application">ECPG</span> — Embedded <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> in C</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ecpg-preproc.html" title="36.9. Preprocessor Directives">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="ECPG-ERRORS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">36.8. Error Handling</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-errors.html#ECPG-WHENEVER">36.8.1. Setting Callbacks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-errors.html#ECPG-SQLCA">36.8.2. sqlca</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-errors.html#ECPG-SQLSTATE-SQLCODE">36.8.3. <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> vs. <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code></a></span></dt></dl></div><p> + This section describes how you can handle exceptional conditions + and warnings in an embedded SQL program. There are two + nonexclusive facilities for this. + + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"> + Callbacks can be configured to handle warning and error + conditions using the <code class="literal">WHENEVER</code> command. + </li><li class="listitem"> + Detailed information about the error or warning can be obtained + from the <code class="varname">sqlca</code> variable. + </li></ul></div><p> + </p><div class="sect2" id="ECPG-WHENEVER"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">36.8.1. Setting Callbacks</h3></div></div></div><p> + One simple method to catch errors and warnings is to set a + specific action to be executed whenever a particular condition + occurs. In general: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +EXEC SQL WHENEVER <em class="replaceable"><code>condition</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em>; +</pre><p> + </p><p> + <em class="replaceable"><code>condition</code></em> can be one of the following: + + </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">SQLERROR</code></span></dt><dd><p> + The specified action is called whenever an error occurs during + the execution of an SQL statement. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">SQLWARNING</code></span></dt><dd><p> + The specified action is called whenever a warning occurs + during the execution of an SQL statement. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">NOT FOUND</code></span></dt><dd><p> + The specified action is called whenever an SQL statement + retrieves or affects zero rows. (This condition is not an + error, but you might be interested in handling it specially.) + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + </p><p> + <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> can be one of the following: + + </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">CONTINUE</code></span></dt><dd><p> + This effectively means that the condition is ignored. This is + the default. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">GOTO <em class="replaceable"><code>label</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">GO TO <em class="replaceable"><code>label</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Jump to the specified label (using a C <code class="literal">goto</code> + statement). + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">SQLPRINT</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Print a message to standard error. This is useful for simple + programs or during prototyping. The details of the message + cannot be configured. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">STOP</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Call <code class="literal">exit(1)</code>, which will terminate the + program. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">DO BREAK</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Execute the C statement <code class="literal">break</code>. This should + only be used in loops or <code class="literal">switch</code> statements. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">DO CONTINUE</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Execute the C statement <code class="literal">continue</code>. This should + only be used in loops statements. if executed, will cause the flow + of control to return to the top of the loop. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">CALL <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> (<em class="replaceable"><code>args</code></em>)</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">DO <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> (<em class="replaceable"><code>args</code></em>)</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Call the specified C functions with the specified arguments. (This + use is different from the meaning of <code class="literal">CALL</code> + and <code class="literal">DO</code> in the normal PostgreSQL grammar.) + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + + The SQL standard only provides for the actions + <code class="literal">CONTINUE</code> and <code class="literal">GOTO</code> (and + <code class="literal">GO TO</code>). + </p><p> + Here is an example that you might want to use in a simple program. + It prints a simple message when a warning occurs and aborts the + program when an error happens: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLWARNING SQLPRINT; +EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR STOP; +</pre><p> + </p><p> + The statement <code class="literal">EXEC SQL WHENEVER</code> is a directive + of the SQL preprocessor, not a C statement. The error or warning + actions that it sets apply to all embedded SQL statements that + appear below the point where the handler is set, unless a + different action was set for the same condition between the first + <code class="literal">EXEC SQL WHENEVER</code> and the SQL statement causing + the condition, regardless of the flow of control in the C program. + So neither of the two following C program excerpts will have the + desired effect: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +/* + * WRONG + */ +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + ... + if (verbose) { + EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLWARNING SQLPRINT; + } + ... + EXEC SQL SELECT ...; + ... +} +</pre><p> + +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +/* + * WRONG + */ +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + ... + set_error_handler(); + ... + EXEC SQL SELECT ...; + ... +} + +static void set_error_handler(void) +{ + EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR STOP; +} +</pre><p> + </p></div><div class="sect2" id="ECPG-SQLCA"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">36.8.2. sqlca</h3></div></div></div><p> + For more powerful error handling, the embedded SQL interface + provides a global variable with the name <code class="varname">sqlca</code> + (SQL communication area) + that has the following structure: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +struct +{ + char sqlcaid[8]; + long sqlabc; + long sqlcode; + struct + { + int sqlerrml; + char sqlerrmc[SQLERRMC_LEN]; + } sqlerrm; + char sqlerrp[8]; + long sqlerrd[6]; + char sqlwarn[8]; + char sqlstate[5]; +} sqlca; +</pre><p> + (In a multithreaded program, every thread automatically gets its + own copy of <code class="varname">sqlca</code>. This works similarly to the + handling of the standard C global variable + <code class="varname">errno</code>.) + </p><p> + <code class="varname">sqlca</code> covers both warnings and errors. If + multiple warnings or errors occur during the execution of a + statement, then <code class="varname">sqlca</code> will only contain + information about the last one. + </p><p> + If no error occurred in the last <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> statement, + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlcode</code> will be 0 and + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlstate</code> will be + <code class="literal">"00000"</code>. If a warning or error occurred, then + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlcode</code> will be negative and + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlstate</code> will be different from + <code class="literal">"00000"</code>. A positive + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlcode</code> indicates a harmless condition, + such as that the last query returned zero rows. + <code class="literal">sqlcode</code> and <code class="literal">sqlstate</code> are two + different error code schemes; details appear below. + </p><p> + If the last SQL statement was successful, then + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlerrd[1]</code> contains the OID of the + processed row, if applicable, and + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlerrd[2]</code> contains the number of + processed or returned rows, if applicable to the command. + </p><p> + In case of an error or warning, + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc</code> will contain a string + that describes the error. The field + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrml</code> contains the length of + the error message that is stored in + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc</code> (the result of + <code class="function">strlen()</code>, not really interesting for a C + programmer). Note that some messages are too long to fit in the + fixed-size <code class="literal">sqlerrmc</code> array; they will be truncated. + </p><p> + In case of a warning, <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlwarn[2]</code> is set + to <code class="literal">W</code>. (In all other cases, it is set to + something different from <code class="literal">W</code>.) If + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlwarn[1]</code> is set to + <code class="literal">W</code>, then a value was truncated when it was + stored in a host variable. <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlwarn[0]</code> is + set to <code class="literal">W</code> if any of the other elements are set + to indicate a warning. + </p><p> + The fields <code class="structfield">sqlcaid</code>, + <code class="structfield">sqlabc</code>, + <code class="structfield">sqlerrp</code>, and the remaining elements of + <code class="structfield">sqlerrd</code> and + <code class="structfield">sqlwarn</code> currently contain no useful + information. + </p><p> + The structure <code class="varname">sqlca</code> is not defined in the SQL + standard, but is implemented in several other SQL database + systems. The definitions are similar at the core, but if you want + to write portable applications, then you should investigate the + different implementations carefully. + </p><p> + Here is one example that combines the use of <code class="literal">WHENEVER</code> + and <code class="varname">sqlca</code>, printing out the contents + of <code class="varname">sqlca</code> when an error occurs. This is perhaps + useful for debugging or prototyping applications, before + installing a more <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">user-friendly</span>”</span> error handler. + +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR CALL print_sqlca(); + +void +print_sqlca() +{ + fprintf(stderr, "==== sqlca ====\n"); + fprintf(stderr, "sqlcode: %ld\n", sqlca.sqlcode); + fprintf(stderr, "sqlerrm.sqlerrml: %d\n", sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrml); + fprintf(stderr, "sqlerrm.sqlerrmc: %s\n", sqlca.sqlerrm.sqlerrmc); + fprintf(stderr, "sqlerrd: %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld %ld\n", sqlca.sqlerrd[0],sqlca.sqlerrd[1],sqlca.sqlerrd[2], + sqlca.sqlerrd[3],sqlca.sqlerrd[4],sqlca.sqlerrd[5]); + fprintf(stderr, "sqlwarn: %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", sqlca.sqlwarn[0], sqlca.sqlwarn[1], sqlca.sqlwarn[2], + sqlca.sqlwarn[3], sqlca.sqlwarn[4], sqlca.sqlwarn[5], + sqlca.sqlwarn[6], sqlca.sqlwarn[7]); + fprintf(stderr, "sqlstate: %5s\n", sqlca.sqlstate); + fprintf(stderr, "===============\n"); +} +</pre><p> + + The result could look as follows (here an error due to a + misspelled table name): + +</p><pre class="screen"> +==== sqlca ==== +sqlcode: -400 +sqlerrm.sqlerrml: 49 +sqlerrm.sqlerrmc: relation "pg_databasep" does not exist on line 38 +sqlerrd: 0 0 0 0 0 0 +sqlwarn: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +sqlstate: 42P01 +=============== +</pre><p> + </p></div><div class="sect2" id="ECPG-SQLSTATE-SQLCODE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">36.8.3. <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> vs. <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code></h3></div></div></div><p> + The fields <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlstate</code> and + <code class="literal">sqlca.sqlcode</code> are two different schemes that + provide error codes. Both are derived from the SQL standard, but + <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code> has been marked deprecated in the SQL-92 + edition of the standard and has been dropped in later editions. + Therefore, new applications are strongly encouraged to use + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code>. + </p><p> + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> is a five-character array. The five + characters contain digits or upper-case letters that represent + codes of various error and warning conditions. + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> has a hierarchical scheme: the first + two characters indicate the general class of the condition, the + last three characters indicate a subclass of the general + condition. A successful state is indicated by the code + <code class="literal">00000</code>. The <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> codes are for + the most part defined in the SQL standard. The + <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server natively supports + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> error codes; therefore a high degree + of consistency can be achieved by using this error code scheme + throughout all applications. For further information see + <a class="xref" href="errcodes-appendix.html" title="Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes">Appendix A</a>. + </p><p> + <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code>, the deprecated error code scheme, is a + simple integer. A value of 0 indicates success, a positive value + indicates success with additional information, a negative value + indicates an error. The SQL standard only defines the positive + value +100, which indicates that the last command returned or + affected zero rows, and no specific negative values. Therefore, + this scheme can only achieve poor portability and does not have a + hierarchical code assignment. Historically, the embedded SQL + processor for <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> has assigned + some specific <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code> values for its use, which + are listed below with their numeric value and their symbolic name. + Remember that these are not portable to other SQL implementations. + To simplify the porting of applications to the + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> scheme, the corresponding + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> is also listed. There is, however, no + one-to-one or one-to-many mapping between the two schemes (indeed + it is many-to-many), so you should consult the global + <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> listing in <a class="xref" href="errcodes-appendix.html" title="Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes">Appendix A</a> + in each case. + </p><p> + These are the assigned <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code> values: + + </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">0 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_NO_ERROR</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Indicates no error. (SQLSTATE 00000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">100 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_NOT_FOUND</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + This is a harmless condition indicating that the last command + retrieved or processed zero rows, or that you are at the end of + the cursor. (SQLSTATE 02000) + </p><p> + When processing a cursor in a loop, you could use this code as + a way to detect when to abort the loop, like this: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +while (1) +{ + EXEC SQL FETCH ... ; + if (sqlca.sqlcode == ECPG_NOT_FOUND) + break; +} +</pre><p> + But <code class="literal">WHENEVER NOT FOUND DO BREAK</code> effectively + does this internally, so there is usually no advantage in + writing this out explicitly. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-12 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_OUT_OF_MEMORY</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Indicates that your virtual memory is exhausted. The numeric + value is defined as <code class="literal">-ENOMEM</code>. (SQLSTATE + YE001) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-200 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_UNSUPPORTED</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Indicates the preprocessor has generated something that the + library does not know about. Perhaps you are running + incompatible versions of the preprocessor and the + library. (SQLSTATE YE002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-201 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + This means that the command specified more host variables than + the command expected. (SQLSTATE 07001 or 07002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-202 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + This means that the command specified fewer host variables than + the command expected. (SQLSTATE 07001 or 07002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-203 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_TOO_MANY_MATCHES</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + This means a query has returned multiple rows but the statement + was only prepared to store one result row (for example, because + the specified variables are not arrays). (SQLSTATE 21000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-204 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_INT_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">int</code> and the datum in + the database is of a different type and contains a value that + cannot be interpreted as an <code class="type">int</code>. The library uses + <code class="function">strtol()</code> for this conversion. (SQLSTATE + 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-205 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_UINT_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">unsigned int</code> and the + datum in the database is of a different type and contains a + value that cannot be interpreted as an <code class="type">unsigned + int</code>. The library uses <code class="function">strtoul()</code> + for this conversion. (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-206 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_FLOAT_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">float</code> and the datum + in the database is of another type and contains a value that + cannot be interpreted as a <code class="type">float</code>. The library + uses <code class="function">strtod()</code> for this conversion. + (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-207 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_NUMERIC_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">numeric</code> and the datum + in the database is of another type and contains a value that + cannot be interpreted as a <code class="type">numeric</code> value. + (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-208 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_INTERVAL_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">interval</code> and the datum + in the database is of another type and contains a value that + cannot be interpreted as an <code class="type">interval</code> value. + (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-209 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_DATE_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">date</code> and the datum in + the database is of another type and contains a value that + cannot be interpreted as a <code class="type">date</code> value. + (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-210 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The host variable is of type <code class="type">timestamp</code> and the + datum in the database is of another type and contains a value + that cannot be interpreted as a <code class="type">timestamp</code> value. + (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-211 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_CONVERT_BOOL</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + This means the host variable is of type <code class="type">bool</code> and + the datum in the database is neither <code class="literal">'t'</code> nor + <code class="literal">'f'</code>. (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-212 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_EMPTY</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The statement sent to the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> + server was empty. (This cannot normally happen in an embedded + SQL program, so it might point to an internal error.) (SQLSTATE + YE002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-213 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_MISSING_INDICATOR</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + A null value was returned and no null indicator variable was + supplied. (SQLSTATE 22002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-214 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_NO_ARRAY</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + An ordinary variable was used in a place that requires an + array. (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-215 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_DATA_NOT_ARRAY</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The database returned an ordinary variable in a place that + requires array value. (SQLSTATE 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-216 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_ARRAY_INSERT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The value could not be inserted into the array. (SQLSTATE + 42804) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-220 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_NO_CONN</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The program tried to access a connection that does not exist. + (SQLSTATE 08003) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-221 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_NOT_CONN</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The program tried to access a connection that does exist but is + not open. (This is an internal error.) (SQLSTATE YE002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-230 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_INVALID_STMT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The statement you are trying to use has not been prepared. + (SQLSTATE 26000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-239 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_INFORMIX_DUPLICATE_KEY</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Duplicate key error, violation of unique constraint (Informix + compatibility mode). (SQLSTATE 23505) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-240 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The descriptor specified was not found. The statement you are + trying to use has not been prepared. (SQLSTATE 33000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-241 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_INVALID_DESCRIPTOR_INDEX</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The descriptor index specified was out of range. (SQLSTATE + 07009) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-242 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR_ITEM</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + An invalid descriptor item was requested. (This is an internal + error.) (SQLSTATE YE002) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-243 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_VAR_NOT_NUMERIC</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + During the execution of a dynamic statement, the database + returned a numeric value and the host variable was not numeric. + (SQLSTATE 07006) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-244 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_VAR_NOT_CHAR</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + During the execution of a dynamic statement, the database + returned a non-numeric value and the host variable was numeric. + (SQLSTATE 07006) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-284 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_INFORMIX_SUBSELECT_NOT_ONE</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + A result of the subquery is not single row (Informix + compatibility mode). (SQLSTATE 21000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-400 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_PGSQL</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Some error caused by the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> + server. The message contains the error message from the + <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-401 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_TRANS</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server signaled that + we cannot start, commit, or rollback the transaction. + (SQLSTATE 08007) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-402 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_CONNECT</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + The connection attempt to the database did not succeed. + (SQLSTATE 08001) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-403 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_DUPLICATE_KEY</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Duplicate key error, violation of unique constraint. (SQLSTATE + 23505) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-404 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_SUBSELECT_NOT_ONE</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + A result for the subquery is not single row. (SQLSTATE 21000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-602 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_WARNING_UNKNOWN_PORTAL</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + An invalid cursor name was specified. (SQLSTATE 34000) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-603 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_WARNING_IN_TRANSACTION</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + Transaction is in progress. (SQLSTATE 25001) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-604 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_WARNING_NO_TRANSACTION</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + There is no active (in-progress) transaction. (SQLSTATE 25P01) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-605 (<code class="symbol">ECPG_WARNING_PORTAL_EXISTS</code>)</span></dt><dd><p> + An existing cursor name was specified. (SQLSTATE 42P03) + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ecpg-descriptors.html" title="36.7. Using Descriptor Areas">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ecpg.html" title="Chapter 36. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ecpg-preproc.html" title="36.9. Preprocessor Directives">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">36.7. Using Descriptor Areas </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 36.9. Preprocessor Directives</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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