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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>DO</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-discard.html" title="DISCARD" /><link rel="next" href="sql-drop-access-method.html" title="DROP ACCESS METHOD" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">DO</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-discard.html" title="DISCARD">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-drop-access-method.html" title="DROP ACCESS METHOD">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-DO"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.102.1" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id-1.9.3.102.2" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">DO</span></h2><p>DO — execute an anonymous code block</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
DO [ LANGUAGE <em class="replaceable"><code>lang_name</code></em> ] <em class="replaceable"><code>code</code></em>
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.102.6"><h2>Description</h2><p>
<code class="command">DO</code> executes an anonymous code block, or in other
words a transient anonymous function in a procedural language.
</p><p>
The code block is treated as though it were the body of a function
with no parameters, returning <code class="type">void</code>. It is parsed and
executed a single time.
</p><p>
The optional <code class="literal">LANGUAGE</code> clause can be written either
before or after the code block.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.102.7"><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>code</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The procedural language code to be executed. This must be specified
as a string literal, just as in <code class="command">CREATE FUNCTION</code>.
Use of a dollar-quoted literal is recommended.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>lang_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The name of the procedural language the code is written in.
If omitted, the default is <code class="literal">plpgsql</code>.
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.102.8"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
The procedural language to be used must already have been installed
into the current database by means of <code class="command">CREATE EXTENSION</code>.
<code class="literal">plpgsql</code> is installed by default, but other languages are not.
</p><p>
The user must have <code class="literal">USAGE</code> privilege for the procedural
language, or must be a superuser if the language is untrusted.
This is the same privilege requirement as for creating a function
in the language.
</p><p>
If <code class="command">DO</code> is executed in a transaction block, then the
procedure code cannot execute transaction control statements. Transaction
control statements are only allowed if <code class="command">DO</code> is executed in
its own transaction.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-DO-EXAMPLES"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
Grant all privileges on all views in schema <code class="literal">public</code> to
role <code class="literal">webuser</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
DO $$DECLARE r record;
BEGIN
FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
LOOP
EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
END LOOP;
END$$;
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.102.10"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
There is no <code class="command">DO</code> statement in the SQL standard.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.102.11"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="sql-createlanguage.html" title="CREATE LANGUAGE"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE LANGUAGE</span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-discard.html" title="DISCARD">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-drop-access-method.html" title="DROP ACCESS METHOD">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">DISCARD </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> DROP ACCESS METHOD</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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