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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-13 13:44:03 +0000 |
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| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-04-13 13:44:03 +0000 |
| commit | 293913568e6a7a86fd1479e1cff8e2ecb58d6568 (patch) | |
| tree | fc3b469a3ec5ab71b36ea97cc7aaddb838423a0c /doc/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | postgresql-16-293913568e6a7a86fd1479e1cff8e2ecb58d6568.tar.xz postgresql-16-293913568e6a7a86fd1479e1cff8e2ecb58d6568.zip | |
Adding upstream version 16.2.upstream/16.2
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html | 158 |
1 files changed, 158 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5878cf --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/earthdistance.html @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.15. earthdistance — calculate great-circle distances</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="dict-xsyn.html" title="F.14. dict_xsyn — example synonym full-text search dictionary" /><link rel="next" href="file-fdw.html" title="F.16. file_fdw — access data files in the server's file system" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.15. earthdistance — calculate great-circle distances</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dict-xsyn.html" title="F.14. dict_xsyn — example synonym full-text search dictionary">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="file-fdw.html" title="F.16. file_fdw — access data files in the server's file system">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="EARTHDISTANCE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.15. earthdistance — calculate great-circle distances <a href="#EARTHDISTANCE" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="earthdistance.html#EARTHDISTANCE-CUBE-BASED">F.15.1. Cube-Based Earth Distances</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="earthdistance.html#EARTHDISTANCE-POINT-BASED">F.15.2. Point-Based Earth Distances</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.25.2" class="indexterm"></a><p> + The <code class="filename">earthdistance</code> module provides two different approaches to + calculating great circle distances on the surface of the Earth. The one + described first depends on the <code class="filename">cube</code> module. + The second one is based on the built-in <code class="type">point</code> data type, + using longitude and latitude for the coordinates. + </p><p> + In this module, the Earth is assumed to be perfectly spherical. + (If that's too inaccurate for you, you might want to look at the + <span class="application"><a class="ulink" href="https://postgis.net/" target="_top">PostGIS</a></span> + project.) + </p><p> + The <code class="filename">cube</code> module must be installed + before <code class="filename">earthdistance</code> can be installed + (although you can use the <code class="literal">CASCADE</code> option + of <code class="command">CREATE EXTENSION</code> to install both in one command). + </p><div class="caution"><h3 class="title">Caution</h3><p> + It is strongly recommended that <code class="filename">earthdistance</code> + and <code class="filename">cube</code> be installed in the same schema, and that + that schema be one for which CREATE privilege has not been and will not + be granted to any untrusted users. + Otherwise there are installation-time security hazards + if <code class="filename">earthdistance</code>'s schema contains objects defined + by a hostile user. + Furthermore, when using <code class="filename">earthdistance</code>'s functions + after installation, the entire search path should contain only trusted + schemas. + </p></div><div class="sect2" id="EARTHDISTANCE-CUBE-BASED"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.15.1. Cube-Based Earth Distances <a href="#EARTHDISTANCE-CUBE-BASED" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><p> + Data is stored in cubes that are points (both corners are the same) using 3 + coordinates representing the x, y, and z distance from the center of the + Earth. A <a class="glossterm" href="glossary.html#GLOSSARY-DOMAIN"><em class="glossterm"><a class="glossterm" href="glossary.html#GLOSSARY-DOMAIN" title="Domain">domain</a></em></a> + <code class="type">earth</code> over type <code class="type">cube</code> is provided, which + includes constraint checks that the value meets these restrictions and + is reasonably close to the actual surface of the Earth. + </p><p> + The radius of the Earth is obtained from the <code class="function">earth()</code> + function. It is given in meters. But by changing this one function you can + change the module to use some other units, or to use a different value of + the radius that you feel is more appropriate. + </p><p> + This package has applications to astronomical databases as well. + Astronomers will probably want to change <code class="function">earth()</code> to return a + radius of <code class="literal">180/pi()</code> so that distances are in degrees. + </p><p> + Functions are provided to support input in latitude and longitude (in + degrees), to support output of latitude and longitude, to calculate + the great circle distance between two points and to easily specify a + bounding box usable for index searches. + </p><p> + The provided functions are shown + in <a class="xref" href="earthdistance.html#EARTHDISTANCE-CUBE-FUNCTIONS" title="Table F.5. Cube-Based Earthdistance Functions">Table F.5</a>. + </p><div class="table" id="EARTHDISTANCE-CUBE-FUNCTIONS"><p class="title"><strong>Table F.5. Cube-Based Earthdistance Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Cube-Based Earthdistance Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + Function + </p> + <p> + Description + </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.1.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">earth</code> () + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the assumed radius of the Earth. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.2.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">sec_to_gc</code> ( <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Converts the normal straight line + (secant) distance between two points on the surface of the Earth + to the great circle distance between them. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">gc_to_sec</code> ( <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Converts the great circle distance between two points on the + surface of the Earth to the normal straight line (secant) distance + between them. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.4.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">ll_to_earth</code> ( <code class="type">float8</code>, <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">earth</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the location of a point on the surface of the Earth given + its latitude (argument 1) and longitude (argument 2) in degrees. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.5.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">latitude</code> ( <code class="type">earth</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the latitude in degrees of a point on the surface of the + Earth. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.6.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">longitude</code> ( <code class="type">earth</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the longitude in degrees of a point on the surface of the + Earth. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.7.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">earth_distance</code> ( <code class="type">earth</code>, <code class="type">earth</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the great circle distance between two points on the + surface of the Earth. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <a id="id-1.11.7.25.7.7.2.2.8.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a> + <code class="function">earth_box</code> ( <code class="type">earth</code>, <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns a box suitable for an indexed search using the <code class="type">cube</code> + <code class="literal">@></code> + operator for points within a given great circle distance of a location. + Some points in this box are further than the specified great circle + distance from the location, so a second check using + <code class="function">earth_distance</code> should be included in the query. + </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="EARTHDISTANCE-POINT-BASED"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.15.2. Point-Based Earth Distances <a href="#EARTHDISTANCE-POINT-BASED" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><p> + The second part of the module relies on representing Earth locations as + values of type <code class="type">point</code>, in which the first component is taken to + represent longitude in degrees, and the second component is taken to + represent latitude in degrees. Points are taken as (longitude, latitude) + and not vice versa because longitude is closer to the intuitive idea of + x-axis and latitude to y-axis. + </p><p> + A single operator is provided, shown + in <a class="xref" href="earthdistance.html#EARTHDISTANCE-POINT-OPERATORS" title="Table F.6. Point-Based Earthdistance Operators">Table F.6</a>. + </p><div class="table" id="EARTHDISTANCE-POINT-OPERATORS"><p class="title"><strong>Table F.6. Point-Based Earthdistance Operators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Point-Based Earthdistance Operators" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + Operator + </p> + <p> + Description + </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">point</code> <code class="literal"><@></code> <code class="type">point</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Computes the distance in statute miles between + two points on the Earth's surface. + </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> + Note that unlike the <code class="type">cube</code>-based part of the module, units + are hardwired here: changing the <code class="function">earth()</code> function will + not affect the results of this operator. + </p><p> + One disadvantage of the longitude/latitude representation is that + you need to be careful about the edge conditions near the poles + and near +/- 180 degrees of longitude. The <code class="type">cube</code>-based + representation avoids these discontinuities. + </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dict-xsyn.html" title="F.14. dict_xsyn — example synonym full-text search dictionary">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. 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