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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 47. Server Programming Interface</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="plpython-envar.html" title="46.11. Environment Variables" /><link rel="next" href="spi-interface.html" title="47.1. Interface Functions" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 47. Server Programming Interface</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="plpython-envar.html" title="46.11. Environment Variables">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="server-programming.html" title="Part V. Server Programming">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part V. Server Programming</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="spi-interface.html" title="47.1. Interface Functions">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" id="SPI"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 47. Server Programming Interface</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="spi-interface.html">47.1. Interface Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-connect.html">SPI_connect</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — connect a C function to the SPI manager</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-finish.html">SPI_finish</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — disconnect a C function from the SPI manager</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execute.html">SPI_execute</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a command</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-exec.html">SPI_exec</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a read/write command</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execute-extended.html">SPI_execute_extended</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a command with out-of-line parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execute-with-args.html">SPI_execute_with_args</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a command with out-of-line parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-prepare.html">SPI_prepare</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare a statement, without executing it yet</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-prepare-cursor.html">SPI_prepare_cursor</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare a statement, without executing it yet</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-prepare-extended.html">SPI_prepare_extended</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare a statement, without executing it yet</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-prepare-params.html">SPI_prepare_params</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare a statement, without executing it yet</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-getargcount.html">SPI_getargcount</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the number of arguments needed by a statement
+  prepared by <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-getargtypeid.html">SPI_getargtypeid</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the data type OID for an argument of
+  a statement prepared by <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-is-cursor-plan.html">SPI_is_cursor_plan</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return <code class="symbol">true</code> if a statement
+  prepared by <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code> can be used with
+  <code class="function">SPI_cursor_open</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execute-plan.html">SPI_execute_plan</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a statement prepared by <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execute-plan-extended.html">SPI_execute_plan_extended</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a statement prepared by <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execute-plan-with-paramlist.html">SPI_execute_plan_with_paramlist</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a statement prepared by <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-execp.html">SPI_execp</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a statement in read/write mode</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-open.html">SPI_cursor_open</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set up a cursor using a statement created with <code class="function">SPI_prepare</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-open-with-args.html">SPI_cursor_open_with_args</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set up a cursor using a query and parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-open-with-paramlist.html">SPI_cursor_open_with_paramlist</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set up a cursor using parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-parse-open.html">SPI_cursor_parse_open</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set up a cursor using a query string and parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-find.html">SPI_cursor_find</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — find an existing cursor by name</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-fetch.html">SPI_cursor_fetch</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — fetch some rows from a cursor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-move.html">SPI_cursor_move</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — move a cursor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-scroll-cursor-fetch.html">SPI_scroll_cursor_fetch</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — fetch some rows from a cursor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-scroll-cursor-move.html">SPI_scroll_cursor_move</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — move a cursor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-cursor-close.html">SPI_cursor_close</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — close a cursor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-keepplan.html">SPI_keepplan</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — save a prepared statement</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-saveplan.html">SPI_saveplan</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — save a prepared statement</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-register-relation.html">SPI_register_relation</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — make an ephemeral named relation available by name in SPI queries</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-unregister-relation.html">SPI_unregister_relation</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove an ephemeral named relation from the registry</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-register-trigger-data.html">SPI_register_trigger_data</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — make ephemeral trigger data available in SPI queries</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="spi-interface-support.html">47.2. Interface Support Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-fname.html">SPI_fname</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — determine the column name for the specified column number</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-fnumber.html">SPI_fnumber</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — determine the column number for the specified column name</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-getvalue.html">SPI_getvalue</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the string value of the specified column</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-getbinval.html">SPI_getbinval</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the binary value of the specified column</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-gettype.html">SPI_gettype</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the data type name of the specified column</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-gettypeid.html">SPI_gettypeid</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the data type <acronym class="acronym">OID</acronym> of the specified column</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-getrelname.html">SPI_getrelname</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the name of the specified relation</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-getnspname.html">SPI_getnspname</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return the namespace of the specified relation</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-result-code-string.html">SPI_result_code_string</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — return error code as string</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="spi-memory.html">47.3. Memory Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-palloc.html">SPI_palloc</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — allocate memory in the upper executor context</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-realloc.html">SPI_repalloc</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — reallocate memory in the upper executor context</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-pfree.html">SPI_pfree</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — free memory in the upper executor context</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-copytuple.html">SPI_copytuple</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — make a copy of a row in the upper executor context</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-returntuple.html">SPI_returntuple</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare to return a tuple as a Datum</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-modifytuple.html">SPI_modifytuple</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — create a row by replacing selected fields of a given row</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-freetuple.html">SPI_freetuple</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — free a row allocated in the upper executor context</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-freetupletable.html">SPI_freetuptable</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — free a row set created by <code class="function">SPI_execute</code> or a similar
+  function</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-freeplan.html">SPI_freeplan</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — free a previously saved prepared statement</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="spi-transaction.html">47.4. Transaction Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-commit.html">SPI_commit</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — commit the current transaction</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-rollback.html">SPI_rollback</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — abort the current transaction</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="spi-spi-start-transaction.html">SPI_start_transaction</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — obsolete function</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="spi-visibility.html">47.5. Visibility of Data Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="spi-examples.html">47.6. Examples</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.8.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
+  The <em class="firstterm">Server Programming Interface</em>
+  (<acronym class="acronym">SPI</acronym>) gives writers of user-defined
+  <acronym class="acronym">C</acronym> functions the ability to run
+  <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> commands inside their functions or procedures.
+  <acronym class="acronym">SPI</acronym> is a set of
+  interface functions to simplify access to the parser, planner,
+  and executor. <acronym class="acronym">SPI</acronym> also does some
+  memory management.
+ </p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
+   The available procedural languages provide various means to
+   execute SQL commands from functions.  Most of these facilities are
+   based on SPI, so this documentation might be of use for users
+   of those languages as well.
+  </p></div><p>
+  Note that if a command invoked via SPI fails, then control will not be
+  returned to your C function.  Rather, the
+  transaction or subtransaction in which your C function executes will be
+  rolled back.  (This might seem surprising given that the SPI functions mostly
+  have documented error-return conventions.  Those conventions only apply
+  for errors detected within the SPI functions themselves, however.)
+  It is possible to recover control after an error by establishing your own
+  subtransaction surrounding SPI calls that might fail.
+ </p><p>
+  <acronym class="acronym">SPI</acronym> functions return a nonnegative result on
+  success (either via a returned integer value or in the global
+  variable <code class="varname">SPI_result</code>, as described below).  On
+  error, a negative result or <code class="symbol">NULL</code> will be returned.
+ </p><p>
+  Source code files that use SPI must include the header file
+  <code class="filename">executor/spi.h</code>.
+ </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="plpython-envar.html" title="46.11. Environment Variables">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="server-programming.html" title="Part V. Server Programming">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="spi-interface.html" title="47.1. Interface Functions">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">46.11. Environment Variables </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 47.1. Interface Functions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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