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Diffstat (limited to 'src/test/regress/sql/with.sql')
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diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql new file mode 100644 index 0000000..582139d --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/regress/sql/with.sql @@ -0,0 +1,1631 @@ +-- +-- Tests for common table expressions (WITH query, ... SELECT ...) +-- + +-- Basic WITH +WITH q1(x,y) AS (SELECT 1,2) +SELECT * FROM q1, q1 AS q2; + +-- Multiple uses are evaluated only once +SELECT count(*) FROM ( + WITH q1(x) AS (SELECT random() FROM generate_series(1, 5)) + SELECT * FROM q1 + UNION + SELECT * FROM q1 +) ss; + +-- WITH RECURSIVE + +-- sum of 1..100 +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + VALUES (1) +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100 +) +SELECT sum(n) FROM t; + +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT (VALUES(1)) +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 5 +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +-- UNION DISTINCT requires hashable type +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + VALUES (1::money) +UNION + SELECT n+1::money FROM t WHERE n < 100::money +) +SELECT sum(n) FROM t; + +-- recursive view +CREATE RECURSIVE VIEW nums (n) AS + VALUES (1) +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM nums WHERE n < 5; + +SELECT * FROM nums; + +CREATE OR REPLACE RECURSIVE VIEW nums (n) AS + VALUES (1) +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM nums WHERE n < 6; + +SELECT * FROM nums; + +-- This is an infinite loop with UNION ALL, but not with UNION +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT 1 +UNION + SELECT 10-n FROM t) +SELECT * FROM t; + +-- This'd be an infinite loop, but outside query reads only as much as needed +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + VALUES (1) +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM t) +SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10; + +-- UNION case should have same property +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT 1 +UNION + SELECT n+1 FROM t) +SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10; + +-- Test behavior with an unknown-type literal in the WITH +WITH q AS (SELECT 'foo' AS x) +SELECT x, pg_typeof(x) FROM q; + +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT 'foo' +UNION ALL + SELECT n || ' bar' FROM t WHERE length(n) < 20 +) +SELECT n, pg_typeof(n) FROM t; + +-- In a perfect world, this would work and resolve the literal as int ... +-- but for now, we have to be content with resolving to text too soon. +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT '7' +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 10 +) +SELECT n, pg_typeof(n) FROM t; + +-- Deeply nested WITH caused a list-munging problem in v13 +-- Detection of cross-references and self-references +WITH RECURSIVE w1(c1) AS + (WITH w2(c2) AS + (WITH w3(c3) AS + (WITH w4(c4) AS + (WITH w5(c5) AS + (WITH RECURSIVE w6(c6) AS + (WITH w6(c6) AS + (WITH w8(c8) AS + (SELECT 1) + SELECT * FROM w8) + SELECT * FROM w6) + SELECT * FROM w6) + SELECT * FROM w5) + SELECT * FROM w4) + SELECT * FROM w3) + SELECT * FROM w2) +SELECT * FROM w1; +-- Detection of invalid self-references +WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS ( + SELECT 1 + UNION (WITH innermost1 AS ( + SELECT 2 + UNION (WITH innermost2 AS ( + SELECT 3 + UNION (WITH innermost3 AS ( + SELECT 4 + UNION (WITH innermost4 AS ( + SELECT 5 + UNION (WITH innermost5 AS ( + SELECT 6 + UNION (WITH innermost6 AS + (SELECT 7) + SELECT * FROM innermost6)) + SELECT * FROM innermost5)) + SELECT * FROM innermost4)) + SELECT * FROM innermost3)) + SELECT * FROM innermost2)) + SELECT * FROM outermost + UNION SELECT * FROM innermost1) + ) + SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1; + +-- +-- Some examples with a tree +-- +-- department structure represented here is as follows: +-- +-- ROOT-+->A-+->B-+->C +-- | | +-- | +->D-+->F +-- +->E-+->G + +CREATE TEMP TABLE department ( + id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, -- department ID + parent_department INTEGER REFERENCES department, -- upper department ID + name TEXT -- department name +); + +INSERT INTO department VALUES (0, NULL, 'ROOT'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (1, 0, 'A'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (2, 1, 'B'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (3, 2, 'C'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (4, 2, 'D'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (5, 0, 'E'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (6, 4, 'F'); +INSERT INTO department VALUES (7, 5, 'G'); + + +-- extract all departments under 'A'. Result should be A, B, C, D and F +WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS +( + -- non recursive term + SELECT name as root_name, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A' + + UNION ALL + + -- recursive term + SELECT sd.root_name, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd + WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id +) +SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name; + +-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number +WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS +( + -- non recursive term + SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A' + + UNION ALL + + -- recursive term + SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd + WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id +) +SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name; + +-- extract all departments under 'A' with "level" number. +-- Only shows level 2 or more +WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment(level, id, parent_department, name) AS +( + -- non recursive term + SELECT 1, * FROM department WHERE name = 'A' + + UNION ALL + + -- recursive term + SELECT sd.level + 1, d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd + WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id +) +SELECT * FROM subdepartment WHERE level >= 2 ORDER BY name; + +-- "RECURSIVE" is ignored if the query has no self-reference +WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS +( + -- note lack of recursive UNION structure + SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A' +) +SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name; + +-- inside subqueries +SELECT count(*) FROM ( + WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 500 + ) + SELECT * FROM t) AS t WHERE n < ( + SELECT count(*) FROM ( + WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 100 + ) + SELECT * FROM t WHERE n < 50000 + ) AS t WHERE n < 100); + +-- use same CTE twice at different subquery levels +WITH q1(x,y) AS ( + SELECT hundred, sum(ten) FROM tenk1 GROUP BY hundred + ) +SELECT count(*) FROM q1 WHERE y > (SELECT sum(y)/100 FROM q1 qsub); + +-- via a VIEW +CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW vsubdepartment AS + WITH RECURSIVE subdepartment AS + ( + -- non recursive term + SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A' + UNION ALL + -- recursive term + SELECT d.* FROM department AS d, subdepartment AS sd + WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id + ) + SELECT * FROM subdepartment; + +SELECT * FROM vsubdepartment ORDER BY name; + +-- Check reverse listing +SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass); +SELECT pg_get_viewdef('vsubdepartment'::regclass, true); + +-- Another reverse-listing example +CREATE VIEW sums_1_100 AS +WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS ( + VALUES (1) +UNION ALL + SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100 +) +SELECT sum(n) FROM t; + +\d+ sums_1_100 + +-- corner case in which sub-WITH gets initialized first +with recursive q as ( + select * from department + union all + (with x as (select * from q) + select * from x) + ) +select * from q limit 24; + +with recursive q as ( + select * from department + union all + (with recursive x as ( + select * from department + union all + (select * from q union all select * from x) + ) + select * from x) + ) +select * from q limit 32; + +-- recursive term has sub-UNION +WITH RECURSIVE t(i,j) AS ( + VALUES (1,2) + UNION ALL + SELECT t2.i, t.j+1 FROM + (SELECT 2 AS i UNION ALL SELECT 3 AS i) AS t2 + JOIN t ON (t2.i = t.i+1)) + + SELECT * FROM t; + +-- +-- different tree example +-- +CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tree( + id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, + parent_id INTEGER REFERENCES tree(id) +); + +INSERT INTO tree +VALUES (1, NULL), (2, 1), (3,1), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,3), (8,3), + (9,4), (10,4), (11,7), (12,7), (13,7), (14, 9), (15,11), (16,11); + +-- +-- get all paths from "second level" nodes to leaf nodes +-- +WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS ( + VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[]) +UNION ALL + SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id + FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id) +) +SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON + (t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND + array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND + array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1) + ORDER BY t1.id, t2.id; + +-- just count 'em +WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS ( + VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[]) +UNION ALL + SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id + FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id) +) +SELECT t1.id, count(t2.*) FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON + (t1.path[1] = t2.path[1] AND + array_upper(t1.path,1) = 1 AND + array_upper(t2.path,1) > 1) + GROUP BY t1.id + ORDER BY t1.id; + +-- this variant tickled a whole-row-variable bug in 8.4devel +WITH RECURSIVE t(id, path) AS ( + VALUES(1,ARRAY[]::integer[]) +UNION ALL + SELECT tree.id, t.path || tree.id + FROM tree JOIN t ON (tree.parent_id = t.id) +) +SELECT t1.id, t2.path, t2 FROM t AS t1 JOIN t AS t2 ON +(t1.id=t2.id); + +-- SEARCH clause + +create temp table graph0( f int, t int, label text ); + +insert into graph0 values + (1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'), + (1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'), + (2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'), + (1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'), + (4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'); + +explain (verbose, costs off) +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union distinct + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +explain (verbose, costs off) +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search breadth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search breadth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union distinct + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search breadth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +-- a constant initial value causes issues for EXPLAIN +explain (verbose, costs off) +with recursive test as ( + select 1 as x + union all + select x + 1 + from test +) search depth first by x set y +select * from test limit 5; + +with recursive test as ( + select 1 as x + union all + select x + 1 + from test +) search depth first by x set y +select * from test limit 5; + +explain (verbose, costs off) +with recursive test as ( + select 1 as x + union all + select x + 1 + from test +) search breadth first by x set y +select * from test limit 5; + +with recursive test as ( + select 1 as x + union all + select x + 1 + from test +) search breadth first by x set y +select * from test limit 5; + +-- various syntax errors +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by foo, tar set seq +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set label +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t, f set seq +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + (select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t) +) search depth first by f, t set seq +select * from search_graph order by seq; + +-- check that we distinguish same CTE name used at different levels +-- (this case could be supported, perhaps, but it isn't today) +with recursive x(col) as ( + select 1 + union + (with x as (select * from x) + select * from x) +) search depth first by col set seq +select * from x; + +-- test ruleutils and view expansion +create temp view v_search as +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph0 g + union all + select g.* + from graph0 g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set seq +select f, t, label from search_graph; + +select pg_get_viewdef('v_search'); + +select * from v_search; + +-- +-- test cycle detection +-- +create temp table graph( f int, t int, label text ); + +insert into graph values + (1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'), + (1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'), + (2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'), + (1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'), + (4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'), + (5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1'); + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as ( + select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g + union all + select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t) + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle +) +select * from search_graph; + +-- UNION DISTINCT exercises row type hashing support +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as ( + select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g + union distinct + select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t) + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle +) +select * from search_graph; + +-- ordering by the path column has same effect as SEARCH DEPTH FIRST +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label, is_cycle, path) as ( + select *, false, array[row(g.f, g.t)] from graph g + union all + select g.*, row(g.f, g.t) = any(path), path || row(g.f, g.t) + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t and not is_cycle +) +select * from search_graph order by path; + +-- CYCLE clause + +explain (verbose, costs off) +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union distinct + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle to 'Y' default 'N' using path +select * from search_graph; + +explain (verbose, costs off) +with recursive test as ( + select 0 as x + union all + select (x + 1) % 10 + from test +) cycle x set is_cycle using path +select * from test; + +with recursive test as ( + select 0 as x + union all + select (x + 1) % 10 + from test +) cycle x set is_cycle using path +select * from test; + +with recursive test as ( + select 0 as x + union all + select (x + 1) % 10 + from test + where not is_cycle -- redundant, but legal +) cycle x set is_cycle using path +select * from test; + +-- multiple CTEs +with recursive +graph(f, t, label) as ( + values (1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2'), + (1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3'), + (2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3'), + (1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4'), + (4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5'), + (5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1') +), +search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using path +select f, t, label from search_graph; + +-- star expansion +with recursive a as ( + select 1 as b + union all + select * from a +) cycle b set c using p +select * from a; + +-- search+cycle +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set seq + cycle f, t set is_cycle using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search breadth first by f, t set seq + cycle f, t set is_cycle using path +select * from search_graph; + +-- various syntax errors +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle foo, tar set is_cycle using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default 55 using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle to point '(1,1)' default point '(0,0)' using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set label to true default false using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using label +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set foo to true default false using foo +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t, f set is_cycle to true default false using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set foo + cycle f, t set foo to true default false using path +select * from search_graph; + +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) search depth first by f, t set foo + cycle f, t set is_cycle to true default false using foo +select * from search_graph; + +-- test ruleutils and view expansion +create temp view v_cycle1 as +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle using path +select f, t, label from search_graph; + +create temp view v_cycle2 as +with recursive search_graph(f, t, label) as ( + select * from graph g + union all + select g.* + from graph g, search_graph sg + where g.f = sg.t +) cycle f, t set is_cycle to 'Y' default 'N' using path +select f, t, label from search_graph; + +select pg_get_viewdef('v_cycle1'); +select pg_get_viewdef('v_cycle2'); + +select * from v_cycle1; +select * from v_cycle2; + +-- +-- test multiple WITH queries +-- +WITH RECURSIVE + y (id) AS (VALUES (1)), + x (id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5) +SELECT * FROM x; + +-- forward reference OK +WITH RECURSIVE + x(id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5), + y(id) AS (values (1)) + SELECT * FROM x; + +WITH RECURSIVE + x(id) AS + (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5), + y(id) AS + (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 10) + SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id); + +WITH RECURSIVE + x(id) AS + (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5), + y(id) AS + (VALUES (1) UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 10) + SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x USING (id); + +WITH RECURSIVE + x(id) AS + (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ), + y(id) AS + (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x), + z(id) AS + (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10) + SELECT * FROM z; + +WITH RECURSIVE + x(id) AS + (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ), + y(id) AS + (SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x), + z(id) AS + (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10) + SELECT * FROM z; + +-- +-- Test WITH attached to a data-modifying statement +-- + +CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE y (a INTEGER); +INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10); + +WITH t AS ( + SELECT a FROM y +) +INSERT INTO y +SELECT a+20 FROM t RETURNING *; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +WITH t AS ( + SELECT a FROM y +) +UPDATE y SET a = y.a-10 FROM t WHERE y.a > 20 AND t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS ( + SELECT 11 + UNION ALL + SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a < 50 +) +DELETE FROM y USING t WHERE t.a = y.a RETURNING y.a; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +DROP TABLE y; + +-- +-- error cases +-- + +WITH x(n, b) AS (SELECT 1) +SELECT * FROM x; + +-- INTERSECT +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT SELECT n+1 FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 INTERSECT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- EXCEPT +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT SELECT n+1 FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 EXCEPT ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- no non-recursive term +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- recursive term in the left hand side (strictly speaking, should allow this) +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT n FROM x UNION ALL SELECT 1) + SELECT * FROM x; + +CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE y (a INTEGER); +INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10); + +-- LEFT JOIN + +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1 + UNION ALL + SELECT x.n+1 FROM y LEFT JOIN x ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10) +SELECT * FROM x; + +-- RIGHT JOIN +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1 + UNION ALL + SELECT x.n+1 FROM x RIGHT JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10) +SELECT * FROM x; + +-- FULL JOIN +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1 + UNION ALL + SELECT x.n+1 FROM x FULL JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10) +SELECT * FROM x; + +-- subquery +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x + WHERE n IN (SELECT * FROM x)) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- aggregate functions +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT count(*) FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT sum(n) FROM x) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- ORDER BY +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x ORDER BY 1) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- LIMIT/OFFSET +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- FOR UPDATE +WITH RECURSIVE x(n) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x FOR UPDATE) + SELECT * FROM x; + +-- target list has a recursive query name +WITH RECURSIVE x(id) AS (values (1) + UNION ALL + SELECT (SELECT * FROM x) FROM x WHERE id < 5 +) SELECT * FROM x; + +-- mutual recursive query (not implemented) +WITH RECURSIVE + x (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 5), + y (id) AS (SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5) +SELECT * FROM x; + +-- non-linear recursion is not allowed +WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS + (values (1) + UNION ALL + (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10 + UNION ALL + SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) +) SELECT * FROM foo; + +WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS + (values (1) + UNION ALL + SELECT * FROM + (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10 + UNION ALL + SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) AS t +) SELECT * FROM foo; + +WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS + (values (1) + UNION ALL + (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10 + EXCEPT + SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) +) SELECT * FROM foo; + +WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS + (values (1) + UNION ALL + (SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 10 + INTERSECT + SELECT i+1 FROM foo WHERE i < 5) +) SELECT * FROM foo; + +-- Wrong type induced from non-recursive term +WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS + (SELECT i FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i) + UNION ALL + SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10) +SELECT * FROM foo; + +-- rejects different typmod, too (should we allow this?) +WITH RECURSIVE foo(i) AS + (SELECT i::numeric(3,0) FROM (VALUES(1),(2)) t(i) + UNION ALL + SELECT (i+1)::numeric(10,0) FROM foo WHERE i < 10) +SELECT * FROM foo; + +-- disallow OLD/NEW reference in CTE +CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE x (n integer); +CREATE RULE r2 AS ON UPDATE TO x DO INSTEAD + WITH t AS (SELECT OLD.*) UPDATE y SET a = t.n FROM t; + +-- +-- test for bug #4902 +-- +with cte(foo) as ( values(42) ) values((select foo from cte)); +with cte(foo) as ( select 42 ) select * from ((select foo from cte)) q; + +-- test CTE referencing an outer-level variable (to see that changed-parameter +-- signaling still works properly after fixing this bug) +select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) ) + select (select foo from cte) ) +from int4_tbl; + +select ( with cte(foo) as ( values(f1) ) + values((select foo from cte)) ) +from int4_tbl; + +-- +-- test for nested-recursive-WITH bug +-- +WITH RECURSIVE t(j) AS ( + WITH RECURSIVE s(i) AS ( + VALUES (1) + UNION ALL + SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i < 10 + ) + SELECT i FROM s + UNION ALL + SELECT j+1 FROM t WHERE j < 10 +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +-- +-- test WITH attached to intermediate-level set operation +-- + +WITH outermost(x) AS ( + SELECT 1 + UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2) + SELECT * FROM innermost + UNION SELECT 3) +) +SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1; + +WITH outermost(x) AS ( + SELECT 1 + UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2) + SELECT * FROM outermost -- fail + UNION SELECT * FROM innermost) +) +SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1; + +WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS ( + SELECT 1 + UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2) + SELECT * FROM outermost + UNION SELECT * FROM innermost) +) +SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1; + +WITH RECURSIVE outermost(x) AS ( + WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM outermost) -- fail + SELECT * FROM innermost + UNION SELECT * from outermost +) +SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1; + +-- +-- This test will fail with the old implementation of PARAM_EXEC parameter +-- assignment, because the "q1" Var passed down to A's targetlist subselect +-- looks exactly like the "A.id" Var passed down to C's subselect, causing +-- the old code to give them the same runtime PARAM_EXEC slot. But the +-- lifespans of the two parameters overlap, thanks to B also reading A. +-- + +with +A as ( select q2 as id, (select q1) as x from int8_tbl ), +B as ( select id, row_number() over (partition by id) as r from A ), +C as ( select A.id, array(select B.id from B where B.id = A.id) from A ) +select * from C; + +-- +-- Test CTEs read in non-initialization orders +-- + +WITH RECURSIVE + tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)), + iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS ( + SELECT 0, 'base', 17 + UNION ALL ( + WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS ( + SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER () + FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link) + WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key + ), + first_remaining AS ( + SELECT id_key, row_type, link + FROM remaining + WHERE id_key=min + ), + effect AS ( + SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link + FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key + WHERE e.row_type = 'false' + ) + SELECT * FROM first_remaining + UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect + ) + ) +SELECT * FROM iter; + +WITH RECURSIVE + tab(id_key,link) AS (VALUES (1,17), (2,17), (3,17), (4,17), (6,17), (5,17)), + iter (id_key, row_type, link) AS ( + SELECT 0, 'base', 17 + UNION ( + WITH remaining(id_key, row_type, link, min) AS ( + SELECT tab.id_key, 'true'::text, iter.link, MIN(tab.id_key) OVER () + FROM tab INNER JOIN iter USING (link) + WHERE tab.id_key > iter.id_key + ), + first_remaining AS ( + SELECT id_key, row_type, link + FROM remaining + WHERE id_key=min + ), + effect AS ( + SELECT tab.id_key, 'new'::text, tab.link + FROM first_remaining e INNER JOIN tab ON e.id_key=tab.id_key + WHERE e.row_type = 'false' + ) + SELECT * FROM first_remaining + UNION ALL SELECT * FROM effect + ) + ) +SELECT * FROM iter; + +-- +-- Data-modifying statements in WITH +-- + +-- INSERT ... RETURNING +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y + VALUES + (11), + (12), + (13), + (14), + (15), + (16), + (17), + (18), + (19), + (20) + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- UPDATE ... RETURNING +WITH t AS ( + UPDATE y + SET a=a+1 + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- DELETE ... RETURNING +WITH t AS ( + DELETE FROM y + WHERE a <= 10 + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- forward reference +WITH RECURSIVE t AS ( + INSERT INTO y + SELECT a+5 FROM t2 WHERE a > 5 + RETURNING * +), t2 AS ( + UPDATE y SET a=a-11 RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t +UNION ALL +SELECT * FROM t2; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- unconditional DO INSTEAD rule +CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON DELETE TO y DO INSTEAD + INSERT INTO y VALUES(42) RETURNING *; + +WITH t AS ( + DELETE FROM y RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +DROP RULE y_rule ON y; + +-- check merging of outer CTE with CTE in a rule action +CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051 AS + select i from generate_series(1,3) as t(i); + +SELECT * FROM bug6051; + +WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * ) +INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1; + +SELECT * FROM bug6051; + +CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051_2 (i int); + +CREATE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD + INSERT INTO bug6051_2 + VALUES(NEW.i); + +WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * ) +INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1; + +SELECT * FROM bug6051; +SELECT * FROM bug6051_2; + +-- check INSERT ... SELECT rule actions are disallowed on commands +-- that have modifyingCTEs +CREATE OR REPLACE RULE bug6051_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051 DO INSTEAD + INSERT INTO bug6051_2 + SELECT NEW.i; + +WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051 RETURNING * ) +INSERT INTO bug6051 SELECT * FROM t1; + +-- silly example to verify that hasModifyingCTE flag is propagated +CREATE TEMP TABLE bug6051_3 AS + SELECT a FROM generate_series(11,13) AS a; + +CREATE RULE bug6051_3_ins AS ON INSERT TO bug6051_3 DO INSTEAD + SELECT i FROM bug6051_2; + +BEGIN; SET LOCAL debug_parallel_query = on; + +WITH t1 AS ( DELETE FROM bug6051_3 RETURNING * ) + INSERT INTO bug6051_3 SELECT * FROM t1; + +COMMIT; + +SELECT * FROM bug6051_3; + +-- check case where CTE reference is removed due to optimization +EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) +SELECT q1 FROM +( + WITH t_cte AS (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t) + SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub + FROM int8_tbl i8 +) ss; + +SELECT q1 FROM +( + WITH t_cte AS (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t) + SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub + FROM int8_tbl i8 +) ss; + +EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) +SELECT q1 FROM +( + WITH t_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t) + SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub + FROM int8_tbl i8 +) ss; + +SELECT q1 FROM +( + WITH t_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM int8_tbl t) + SELECT q1, (SELECT q2 FROM t_cte WHERE t_cte.q1 = i8.q1) AS t_sub + FROM int8_tbl i8 +) ss; + +-- a truly recursive CTE in the same list +WITH RECURSIVE t(a) AS ( + SELECT 0 + UNION ALL + SELECT a+1 FROM t WHERE a+1 < 5 +), t2 as ( + INSERT INTO y + SELECT * FROM t RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t2 JOIN y USING (a) ORDER BY a; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- data-modifying WITH in a modifying statement +WITH t AS ( + DELETE FROM y + WHERE a <= 10 + RETURNING * +) +INSERT INTO y SELECT -a FROM t RETURNING *; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- check that WITH query is run to completion even if outer query isn't +WITH t AS ( + UPDATE y SET a = a * 100 RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +-- data-modifying WITH containing INSERT...ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE +CREATE TABLE withz AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i; +ALTER TABLE withz ADD UNIQUE (k); + +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO withz SELECT i, 'insert' + FROM generate_series(0, 16) i + ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = withz.v || ', now update' + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t JOIN y ON t.k = y.a ORDER BY a, k; + +-- Test EXCLUDED.* reference within CTE +WITH aa AS ( + INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 5) ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = EXCLUDED.v + WHERE withz.k != EXCLUDED.k + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM aa; + +-- New query/snapshot demonstrates side-effects of previous query. +SELECT * FROM withz ORDER BY k; + +-- +-- Ensure subqueries within the update clause work, even if they +-- reference outside values +-- +WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b) +INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert') +ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1); +WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b) +INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert') +ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = ' update' WHERE withz.k = (SELECT a FROM aa); +WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b) +INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert') +ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1); +WITH aa AS (SELECT 'a' a, 'b' b UNION ALL SELECT 'a' a, 'b' b) +INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, 'insert') +ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 'a' LIMIT 1); +WITH aa AS (SELECT 1 a, 2 b) +INSERT INTO withz VALUES(1, (SELECT b || ' insert' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 )) +ON CONFLICT (k) DO UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' update' FROM aa WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1); + +-- Update a row more than once, in different parts of a wCTE. That is +-- an allowed, presumably very rare, edge case, but since it was +-- broken in the past, having a test seems worthwhile. +WITH simpletup AS ( + SELECT 2 k, 'Green' v), +upsert_cte AS ( + INSERT INTO withz VALUES(2, 'Blue') ON CONFLICT (k) DO + UPDATE SET (k, v) = (SELECT k, v FROM simpletup WHERE simpletup.k = withz.k) + RETURNING k, v) +INSERT INTO withz VALUES(2, 'Red') ON CONFLICT (k) DO +UPDATE SET (k, v) = (SELECT k, v FROM upsert_cte WHERE upsert_cte.k = withz.k) +RETURNING k, v; + +DROP TABLE withz; + +-- WITH referenced by MERGE statement +CREATE TABLE m AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i; +ALTER TABLE m ADD UNIQUE (k); + +WITH RECURSIVE cte_basic AS (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v) o ON m.k=o.k +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v); + +-- Basic: +WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v); +-- Examine +SELECT * FROM m where k = 0; + +-- See EXPLAIN output for same query: +EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) +WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v); + +-- InitPlan +WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v); +-- Examine +SELECT * FROM m where k = 1; + +-- See EXPLAIN output for same query: +EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) +WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v); + +-- MERGE source comes from CTE: +WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte)); +-- Examine +SELECT * FROM m where k = 15; + +-- See EXPLAIN output for same query: +EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) +WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b) +MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a +WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15) +WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte)); + +DROP TABLE m; + +-- check that run to completion happens in proper ordering + +TRUNCATE TABLE y; +INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 3); +CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE yy (a INTEGER); + +WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS ( + INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING * +), t2 AS ( + INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t1 RETURNING * +) +SELECT 1; + +SELECT * FROM y; +SELECT * FROM yy; + +WITH RECURSIVE t1 AS ( + INSERT INTO yy SELECT * FROM t2 RETURNING * +), t2 AS ( + INSERT INTO y SELECT * FROM y RETURNING * +) +SELECT 1; + +SELECT * FROM y; +SELECT * FROM yy; + +-- triggers + +TRUNCATE TABLE y; +INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 10); + +CREATE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$ +begin + raise notice 'y_trigger: a = %', new.a; + return new; +end; +$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; + +CREATE TRIGGER y_trig BEFORE INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW + EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger(); + +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y + VALUES + (21), + (22), + (23) + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y; + +CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH ROW + EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger(); + +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y + VALUES + (31), + (32), + (33) + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 1; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y; + +CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION y_trigger() RETURNS trigger AS $$ +begin + raise notice 'y_trigger'; + return null; +end; +$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; + +CREATE TRIGGER y_trig AFTER INSERT ON y FOR EACH STATEMENT + EXECUTE PROCEDURE y_trigger(); + +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y + VALUES + (41), + (42), + (43) + RETURNING * +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +SELECT * FROM y; + +DROP TRIGGER y_trig ON y; +DROP FUNCTION y_trigger(); + +-- WITH attached to inherited UPDATE or DELETE + +CREATE TEMP TABLE parent ( id int, val text ); +CREATE TEMP TABLE child1 ( ) INHERITS ( parent ); +CREATE TEMP TABLE child2 ( ) INHERITS ( parent ); + +INSERT INTO parent VALUES ( 1, 'p1' ); +INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 11, 'c11' ),( 12, 'c12' ); +INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 23, 'c21' ),( 24, 'c22' ); + +WITH rcte AS ( SELECT sum(id) AS totalid FROM parent ) +UPDATE parent SET id = id + totalid FROM rcte; + +SELECT * FROM parent; + +WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child1 VALUES ( 42, 'new' ) RETURNING id AS newid ) +UPDATE parent SET id = id + newid FROM wcte; + +SELECT * FROM parent; + +WITH rcte AS ( SELECT max(id) AS maxid FROM parent ) +DELETE FROM parent USING rcte WHERE id = maxid; + +SELECT * FROM parent; + +WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO child2 VALUES ( 42, 'new2' ) RETURNING id AS newid ) +DELETE FROM parent USING wcte WHERE id = newid; + +SELECT * FROM parent; + +-- check EXPLAIN VERBOSE for a wCTE with RETURNING + +EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF) +WITH wcte AS ( INSERT INTO int8_tbl VALUES ( 42, 47 ) RETURNING q2 ) +DELETE FROM a_star USING wcte WHERE aa = q2; + +-- error cases + +-- data-modifying WITH tries to use its own output +WITH RECURSIVE t AS ( + INSERT INTO y + SELECT * FROM t +) +VALUES(FALSE); + +-- no RETURNING in a referenced data-modifying WITH +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y VALUES(0) +) +SELECT * FROM t; + +-- data-modifying WITH allowed only at the top level +SELECT * FROM ( + WITH t AS (UPDATE y SET a=a+1 RETURNING *) + SELECT * FROM t +) ss; + +-- most variants of rules aren't allowed +CREATE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y WHERE a=0 DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM y; +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y VALUES(0) +) +VALUES(FALSE); +CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO INSTEAD NOTHING; +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y VALUES(0) +) +VALUES(FALSE); +CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO INSTEAD NOTIFY foo; +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y VALUES(0) +) +VALUES(FALSE); +CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y DO ALSO NOTIFY foo; +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y VALUES(0) +) +VALUES(FALSE); +CREATE OR REPLACE RULE y_rule AS ON INSERT TO y + DO INSTEAD (NOTIFY foo; NOTIFY bar); +WITH t AS ( + INSERT INTO y VALUES(0) +) +VALUES(FALSE); +DROP RULE y_rule ON y; + +-- check that parser lookahead for WITH doesn't cause any odd behavior +create table foo (with baz); -- fail, WITH is a reserved word +create table foo (with ordinality); -- fail, WITH is a reserved word +with ordinality as (select 1 as x) select * from ordinality; + +-- check sane response to attempt to modify CTE relation +WITH with_test AS (SELECT 42) INSERT INTO with_test VALUES (1); + +-- check response to attempt to modify table with same name as a CTE (perhaps +-- surprisingly it works, because CTEs don't hide tables from data-modifying +-- statements) +create temp table with_test (i int); +with with_test as (select 42) insert into with_test select * from with_test; +select * from with_test; +drop table with_test; |