'\" t
.\"     Title: DO
.\"    Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 2024
.\"    Manual: PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation
.\"    Source: PostgreSQL 16.2
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "DO" "7" "2024" "PostgreSQL 16.2" "PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation"
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.SH "NAME"
DO \- execute an anonymous code block
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.nf
DO [ LANGUAGE \fIlang_name\fR ] \fIcode\fR
.fi
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBDO\fR
executes an anonymous code block, or in other words a transient anonymous function in a procedural language\&.
.PP
The code block is treated as though it were the body of a function with no parameters, returning
void\&. It is parsed and executed a single time\&.
.PP
The optional
LANGUAGE
clause can be written either before or after the code block\&.
.SH "PARAMETERS"
.PP
\fIcode\fR
.RS 4
The procedural language code to be executed\&. This must be specified as a string literal, just as in
\fBCREATE FUNCTION\fR\&. Use of a dollar\-quoted literal is recommended\&.
.RE
.PP
\fIlang_name\fR
.RS 4
The name of the procedural language the code is written in\&. If omitted, the default is
plpgsql\&.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.PP
The procedural language to be used must already have been installed into the current database by means of
\fBCREATE EXTENSION\fR\&.
plpgsql
is installed by default, but other languages are not\&.
.PP
The user must have
USAGE
privilege for the procedural language, or must be a superuser if the language is untrusted\&. This is the same privilege requirement as for creating a function in the language\&.
.PP
If
\fBDO\fR
is executed in a transaction block, then the procedure code cannot execute transaction control statements\&. Transaction control statements are only allowed if
\fBDO\fR
is executed in its own transaction\&.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.PP
Grant all privileges on all views in schema
public
to role
webuser:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
DO $$DECLARE r record;
BEGIN
    FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema\&.tables
             WHERE table_type = \*(AqVIEW\*(Aq AND table_schema = \*(Aqpublic\*(Aq
    LOOP
        EXECUTE \*(AqGRANT ALL ON \*(Aq || quote_ident(r\&.table_schema) || \*(Aq\&.\*(Aq || quote_ident(r\&.table_name) || \*(Aq TO webuser\*(Aq;
    END LOOP;
END$$;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.PP
There is no
\fBDO\fR
statement in the SQL standard\&.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
CREATE LANGUAGE (\fBCREATE_LANGUAGE\fR(7))