'\" t
.\"     Title: SAVEPOINT
.\"    Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 2024
.\"    Manual: PostgreSQL 16.3 Documentation
.\"    Source: PostgreSQL 16.3
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "SAVEPOINT" "7" "2024" "PostgreSQL 16.3" "PostgreSQL 16.3 Documentation"
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.SH "NAME"
SAVEPOINT \- define a new savepoint within the current transaction
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.nf
SAVEPOINT \fIsavepoint_name\fR
.fi
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBSAVEPOINT\fR
establishes a new savepoint within the current transaction\&.
.PP
A savepoint is a special mark inside a transaction that allows all commands that are executed after it was established to be rolled back, restoring the transaction state to what it was at the time of the savepoint\&.
.SH "PARAMETERS"
.PP
\fIsavepoint_name\fR
.RS 4
The name to give to the new savepoint\&. If savepoints with the same name already exist, they will be inaccessible until newer identically\-named savepoints are released\&.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.PP
Use
\fBROLLBACK TO\fR
to rollback to a savepoint\&. Use
\fBRELEASE SAVEPOINT\fR
to destroy a savepoint, keeping the effects of commands executed after it was established\&.
.PP
Savepoints can only be established when inside a transaction block\&. There can be multiple savepoints defined within a transaction\&.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.PP
To establish a savepoint and later undo the effects of all commands executed after it was established:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
BEGIN;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (1);
    SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (2);
    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (3);
COMMIT;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
The above transaction will insert the values 1 and 3, but not 2\&.
.PP
To establish and later destroy a savepoint:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
BEGIN;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (3);
    SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (4);
    RELEASE SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
COMMIT;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
The above transaction will insert both 3 and 4\&.
.PP
To use a single savepoint name:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
BEGIN;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (1);
    SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (2);
    SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (3);

    \-\- rollback to the second savepoint
    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    SELECT * FROM table1;               \-\- shows rows 1 and 2

    \-\- release the second savepoint
    RELEASE SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;

    \-\- rollback to the first savepoint
    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT my_savepoint;
    SELECT * FROM table1;               \-\- shows only row 1
COMMIT;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
The above transaction shows row 3 being rolled back first, then row 2\&.
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.PP
SQL requires a savepoint to be destroyed automatically when another savepoint with the same name is established\&. In
PostgreSQL, the old savepoint is kept, though only the more recent one will be used when rolling back or releasing\&. (Releasing the newer savepoint with
\fBRELEASE SAVEPOINT\fR
will cause the older one to again become accessible to
\fBROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT\fR
and
\fBRELEASE SAVEPOINT\fR\&.) Otherwise,
\fBSAVEPOINT\fR
is fully SQL conforming\&.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
\fBBEGIN\fR(7), \fBCOMMIT\fR(7), RELEASE SAVEPOINT (\fBRELEASE_SAVEPOINT\fR(7)), \fBROLLBACK\fR(7), ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT (\fBROLLBACK_TO_SAVEPOINT\fR(7))