-- -- CREATE_TABLE -- -- Error cases CREATE TABLE unknowntab ( u unknown -- fail ); ERROR: column "u" has pseudo-type unknown CREATE TYPE unknown_comptype AS ( u unknown -- fail ); ERROR: column "u" has pseudo-type unknown -- invalid: non-lowercase quoted reloptions identifiers CREATE TABLE tas_case WITH ("Fillfactor" = 10) AS SELECT 1 a; ERROR: unrecognized parameter "Fillfactor" CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1 (a int primary key); -- OK CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE unlogged2 (a int primary key); -- OK SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged\d' ORDER BY relname; relname | relkind | relpersistence ----------------+---------+---------------- unlogged1 | r | u unlogged1_pkey | i | u unlogged2 | r | t unlogged2_pkey | i | t (4 rows) REINDEX INDEX unlogged1_pkey; REINDEX INDEX unlogged2_pkey; SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged\d' ORDER BY relname; relname | relkind | relpersistence ----------------+---------+---------------- unlogged1 | r | u unlogged1_pkey | i | u unlogged2 | r | t unlogged2_pkey | i | t (4 rows) DROP TABLE unlogged2; INSERT INTO unlogged1 VALUES (42); CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE public.unlogged2 (a int primary key); -- also OK CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE pg_temp.unlogged3 (a int primary key); -- not OK ERROR: only temporary relations may be created in temporary schemas LINE 1: CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE pg_temp.unlogged3 (a int primary key); ^ CREATE TABLE pg_temp.implicitly_temp (a int primary key); -- OK CREATE TEMP TABLE explicitly_temp (a int primary key); -- also OK CREATE TEMP TABLE pg_temp.doubly_temp (a int primary key); -- also OK CREATE TEMP TABLE public.temp_to_perm (a int primary key); -- not OK ERROR: cannot create temporary relation in non-temporary schema LINE 1: CREATE TEMP TABLE public.temp_to_perm (a int primary key); ^ DROP TABLE unlogged1, public.unlogged2; CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r'; CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r'; ERROR: relation "as_select1" already exists CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS as_select1 AS SELECT * FROM pg_class WHERE relkind = 'r'; NOTICE: relation "as_select1" already exists, skipping DROP TABLE as_select1; PREPARE select1 AS SELECT 1 as a; CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1; CREATE TABLE as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1; ERROR: relation "as_select1" already exists SELECT * FROM as_select1; a --- 1 (1 row) CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS as_select1 AS EXECUTE select1; NOTICE: relation "as_select1" already exists, skipping DROP TABLE as_select1; DEALLOCATE select1; -- create an extra wide table to test for issues related to that -- (temporarily hide query, to avoid the long CREATE TABLE stmt) \set ECHO none INSERT INTO extra_wide_table(firstc, lastc) VALUES('first col', 'last col'); SELECT firstc, lastc FROM extra_wide_table; firstc | lastc -----------+---------- first col | last col (1 row) -- check that tables with oids cannot be created anymore CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH OIDS; ERROR: syntax error at or near "OIDS" LINE 1: CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH OIDS; ^ CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH (oids); ERROR: tables declared WITH OIDS are not supported CREATE TABLE withoid() WITH (oids = true); ERROR: tables declared WITH OIDS are not supported -- but explicitly not adding oids is still supported CREATE TEMP TABLE withoutoid() WITHOUT OIDS; DROP TABLE withoutoid; CREATE TEMP TABLE withoutoid() WITH (oids = false); DROP TABLE withoutoid; -- check restriction with default expressions -- invalid use of column reference in default expressions CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (id)); ERROR: cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (id)); ^ CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (bar.id)); ERROR: cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_column (id int DEFAULT (bar.id)); ^ CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg_column (id int DEFAULT (avg(id))); ERROR: cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression LINE 1: ...TE TABLE default_expr_agg_column (id int DEFAULT (avg(id))); ^ -- invalid column definition CREATE TABLE default_expr_non_column (a int DEFAULT (avg(non_existent))); ERROR: cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression LINE 1: ...TABLE default_expr_non_column (a int DEFAULT (avg(non_existe... ^ -- invalid use of aggregate CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (avg(1))); ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in DEFAULT expressions LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (avg(1))); ^ -- invalid use of subquery CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (select 1)); ERROR: cannot use subquery in DEFAULT expression LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (select 1)); ^ -- invalid use of set-returning function CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (generate_series(1,3))); ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in DEFAULT expressions LINE 1: CREATE TABLE default_expr_agg (a int DEFAULT (generate_serie... ^ -- Verify that subtransaction rollback restores rd_createSubid. BEGIN; CREATE TABLE remember_create_subid (c int); SAVEPOINT q; DROP TABLE remember_create_subid; ROLLBACK TO q; COMMIT; DROP TABLE remember_create_subid; -- Verify that subtransaction rollback restores rd_firstRelfilenodeSubid. CREATE TABLE remember_node_subid (c int); BEGIN; ALTER TABLE remember_node_subid ALTER c TYPE bigint; SAVEPOINT q; DROP TABLE remember_node_subid; ROLLBACK TO q; COMMIT; DROP TABLE remember_node_subid; -- -- Partitioned tables -- -- cannot combine INHERITS and PARTITION BY (although grammar allows) CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) INHERITS (some_table) PARTITION BY LIST (a); ERROR: cannot create partitioned table as inheritance child -- cannot use more than 1 column as partition key for list partitioned table CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a1 int, a2 int ) PARTITION BY LIST (a1, a2); -- fail ERROR: cannot use "list" partition strategy with more than one column -- unsupported constraint type for partitioned tables CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int, EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&) ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a); ERROR: exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables LINE 3: EXCLUDE USING gist (a WITH &&) ^ -- prevent using prohibited expressions in the key CREATE FUNCTION retset (a int) RETURNS SETOF int AS $$ SELECT 1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE; CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (retset(a)); ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in partition key expressions DROP FUNCTION retset(int); CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE ((avg(a))); ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in partition key expressions CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int, b int ) PARTITION BY RANGE ((avg(a) OVER (PARTITION BY b))); ERROR: window functions are not allowed in partition key expressions CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY LIST ((a LIKE (SELECT 1))); ERROR: cannot use subquery in partition key expression CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE ((42)); ERROR: cannot use constant expression as partition key CREATE FUNCTION const_func () RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT 1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE; CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (const_func()); ERROR: cannot use constant expression as partition key DROP FUNCTION const_func(); -- only accept valid partitioning strategy CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY MAGIC (a); ERROR: unrecognized partitioning strategy "magic" -- specified column must be present in the table CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (b); ERROR: column "b" named in partition key does not exist LINE 3: ) PARTITION BY RANGE (b); ^ -- cannot use system columns in partition key CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (xmin); ERROR: cannot use system column "xmin" in partition key LINE 3: ) PARTITION BY RANGE (xmin); ^ -- cannot use pseudotypes CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int, b int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (((a, b))); ERROR: partition key column 1 has pseudo-type record CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int, b int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, ('unknown')); ERROR: partition key column 2 has pseudo-type unknown -- functions in key must be immutable CREATE FUNCTION immut_func (a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a + random()::int; $$ LANGUAGE SQL; CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (immut_func(a)); ERROR: functions in partition key expression must be marked IMMUTABLE DROP FUNCTION immut_func(int); -- prevent using columns of unsupported types in key (type must have a btree operator class) CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a point ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); ERROR: data type point has no default operator class for access method "btree" HINT: You must specify a btree operator class or define a default btree operator class for the data type. CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a point ) PARTITION BY LIST (a point_ops); ERROR: operator class "point_ops" does not exist for access method "btree" CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a point ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a); ERROR: data type point has no default operator class for access method "btree" HINT: You must specify a btree operator class or define a default btree operator class for the data type. CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a point ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a point_ops); ERROR: operator class "point_ops" does not exist for access method "btree" -- cannot add NO INHERIT constraints to partitioned tables CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int, CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (a > 0) NO INHERIT ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a); ERROR: cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned table "partitioned" -- some checks after successful creation of a partitioned table CREATE FUNCTION plusone(a int) RETURNS INT AS $$ SELECT a+1; $$ LANGUAGE SQL; CREATE TABLE partitioned ( a int, b int, c text, d text ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a oid_ops, plusone(b), c collate "default", d collate "C"); -- check relkind SELECT relkind FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'partitioned'; relkind --------- p (1 row) -- prevent a function referenced in partition key from being dropped DROP FUNCTION plusone(int); ERROR: cannot drop function plusone(integer) because other objects depend on it DETAIL: table partitioned depends on function plusone(integer) HINT: Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too. -- partitioned table cannot participate in regular inheritance CREATE TABLE partitioned2 ( a int, b text ) PARTITION BY RANGE ((a+1), substr(b, 1, 5)); CREATE TABLE fail () INHERITS (partitioned2); ERROR: cannot inherit from partitioned table "partitioned2" -- Partition key in describe output \d partitioned Partitioned table "public.partitioned" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- a | integer | | | b | integer | | | c | text | | | d | text | | | Partition key: RANGE (a oid_ops, plusone(b), c, d COLLATE "C") Number of partitions: 0 \d+ partitioned2 Partitioned table "public.partitioned2" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | text | | | | extended | | Partition key: RANGE (((a + 1)), substr(b, 1, 5)) Number of partitions: 0 INSERT INTO partitioned2 VALUES (1, 'hello'); ERROR: no partition of relation "partitioned2" found for row DETAIL: Partition key of the failing row contains ((a + 1), substr(b, 1, 5)) = (2, hello). CREATE TABLE part2_1 PARTITION OF partitioned2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1, 'aaaaa') TO (100, 'ccccc'); \d+ part2_1 Table "public.part2_1" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | text | | | | extended | | Partition of: partitioned2 FOR VALUES FROM ('-1', 'aaaaa') TO (100, 'ccccc') Partition constraint: (((a + 1) IS NOT NULL) AND (substr(b, 1, 5) IS NOT NULL) AND (((a + 1) > '-1'::integer) OR (((a + 1) = '-1'::integer) AND (substr(b, 1, 5) >= 'aaaaa'::text))) AND (((a + 1) < 100) OR (((a + 1) = 100) AND (substr(b, 1, 5) < 'ccccc'::text)))) DROP TABLE partitioned, partitioned2; -- check reference to partitioned table's rowtype in partition descriptor create table partitioned (a int, b int) partition by list ((row(a, b)::partitioned)); create table partitioned1 partition of partitioned for values in ('(1,2)'::partitioned); create table partitioned2 partition of partitioned for values in ('(2,4)'::partitioned); explain (costs off) select * from partitioned where row(a,b)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on partitioned1 partitioned Filter: (ROW(a, b)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned) (2 rows) drop table partitioned; -- whole-row Var in partition key works too create table partitioned (a int, b int) partition by list ((partitioned)); create table partitioned1 partition of partitioned for values in ('(1,2)'); create table partitioned2 partition of partitioned for values in ('(2,4)'); explain (costs off) select * from partitioned where partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned; QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on partitioned1 partitioned Filter: ((partitioned.*)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned) (2 rows) \d+ partitioned1 Table "public.partitioned1" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | integer | | | | plain | | Partition of: partitioned FOR VALUES IN ('(1,2)') Partition constraint: (((partitioned1.*)::partitioned IS DISTINCT FROM NULL) AND ((partitioned1.*)::partitioned = '(1,2)'::partitioned)) drop table partitioned; -- check that dependencies of partition columns are handled correctly create domain intdom1 as int; create table partitioned ( a intdom1, b text ) partition by range (a); alter table partitioned drop column a; -- fail ERROR: cannot drop column "a" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned" drop domain intdom1; -- fail, requires cascade ERROR: cannot drop type intdom1 because other objects depend on it DETAIL: table partitioned depends on type intdom1 HINT: Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too. drop domain intdom1 cascade; NOTICE: drop cascades to table partitioned table partitioned; -- gone ERROR: relation "partitioned" does not exist LINE 1: table partitioned; ^ -- likewise for columns used in partition expressions create domain intdom1 as int; create table partitioned ( a intdom1, b text ) partition by range (plusone(a)); alter table partitioned drop column a; -- fail ERROR: cannot drop column "a" because it is part of the partition key of relation "partitioned" drop domain intdom1; -- fail, requires cascade ERROR: cannot drop type intdom1 because other objects depend on it DETAIL: table partitioned depends on type intdom1 HINT: Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too. drop domain intdom1 cascade; NOTICE: drop cascades to table partitioned table partitioned; -- gone ERROR: relation "partitioned" does not exist LINE 1: table partitioned; ^ -- -- Partitions -- -- check partition bound syntax CREATE TABLE list_parted ( a int ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE part_p1 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ('1'); CREATE TABLE part_p2 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (2); CREATE TABLE part_p3 PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((2+1)); CREATE TABLE part_null PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (null); \d+ list_parted Partitioned table "public.list_parted" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | Partition key: LIST (a) Partitions: part_null FOR VALUES IN (NULL), part_p1 FOR VALUES IN (1), part_p2 FOR VALUES IN (2), part_p3 FOR VALUES IN (3) -- forbidden expressions for partition bound with list partitioned table CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename.somename); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (somename.s... ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (a); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 1: ..._bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (a); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(a)); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 1: ...s_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(a)); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(somename)); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 1: ..._fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(somename))... ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(1)); ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in partition bound LINE 1: ...s_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (sum(1)); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((select 1)); ERROR: cannot use subquery in partition bound LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((select 1)... ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (generate_series(4, 6)); ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in partition bound LINE 1: ...expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (generate_s... ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((1+1) collate "POSIX"); ERROR: collations are not supported by type integer LINE 1: ...ail PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN ((1+1) collate "P... ^ -- syntax does not allow empty list of values for list partitions CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (); ERROR: syntax error at or near ")" LINE 1: ...E TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES IN (); ^ -- trying to specify range for list partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (2); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a list partition LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES FROM (1) T... ^ -- trying to specify modulus and remainder for list partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a list partition LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU... ^ -- check default partition cannot be created more than once CREATE TABLE part_default PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT; CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT; ERROR: partition "fail_default_part" conflicts with existing default partition "part_default" LINE 1: ...TE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF list_parted DEFAULT; ^ -- specified literal can't be cast to the partition column data type CREATE TABLE bools ( a bool ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE bools_true PARTITION OF bools FOR VALUES IN (1); ERROR: specified value cannot be cast to type boolean for column "a" LINE 1: ...REATE TABLE bools_true PARTITION OF bools FOR VALUES IN (1); ^ DROP TABLE bools; -- specified literal can be cast, and the cast might not be immutable CREATE TABLE moneyp ( a money ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE moneyp_10 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN (10); CREATE TABLE moneyp_11 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN ('11'); CREATE TABLE moneyp_12 PARTITION OF moneyp FOR VALUES IN (to_char(12, '99')::int); DROP TABLE moneyp; -- cast is immutable CREATE TABLE bigintp ( a bigint ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE bigintp_10 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN (10); -- fails due to overlap: CREATE TABLE bigintp_10_2 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN ('10'); ERROR: partition "bigintp_10_2" would overlap partition "bigintp_10" LINE 1: ...ABLE bigintp_10_2 PARTITION OF bigintp FOR VALUES IN ('10'); ^ DROP TABLE bigintp; CREATE TABLE range_parted ( a date ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a); -- forbidden expressions for partition bounds with range partitioned table CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (somename) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (somename) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (somename.somename) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (somename.somename) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (a) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (a) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (max(a)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (max(a)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (max(somename)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: cannot use column reference in partition bound expression LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (max(somename)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (max('2019-02-01'::date)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in partition bound LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (max('2019-02-01'::date)) TO ('2019-01-01'... ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ((select 1)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: cannot use subquery in partition bound LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM ((select 1)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ CREATE TABLE part_bogus_expr_fail PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (generate_series(1, 3)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in partition bound LINE 2: FOR VALUES FROM (generate_series(1, 3)) TO ('2019-01-01'); ^ -- trying to specify list for range partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a'); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a range partition LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a'); ^ -- trying to specify modulus and remainder for range partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a range partition LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU... ^ -- each of start and end bounds must have same number of values as the -- length of the partition key CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('z'); ERROR: FROM must specify exactly one value per partitioning column CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a') TO ('z', 1); ERROR: TO must specify exactly one value per partitioning column -- cannot specify null values in range bounds CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES FROM (null) TO (maxvalue); ERROR: cannot specify NULL in range bound -- trying to specify modulus and remainder for range partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 1); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a range partition LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU... ^ -- check partition bound syntax for the hash partition CREATE TABLE hash_parted ( a int ) PARTITION BY HASH (a); CREATE TABLE hpart_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 0); CREATE TABLE hpart_2 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 50, REMAINDER 1); CREATE TABLE hpart_3 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 200, REMAINDER 2); CREATE TABLE hpart_4 PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 10, REMAINDER 3); -- modulus 25 is factor of modulus of 50 but 10 is not a factor of 25. CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 25, REMAINDER 3); ERROR: every hash partition modulus must be a factor of the next larger modulus DETAIL: The new modulus 25 is not divisible by 10, the modulus of existing partition "hpart_4". -- previous modulus 50 is factor of 150 but this modulus is not a factor of next modulus 200. CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 150, REMAINDER 3); ERROR: every hash partition modulus must be a factor of the next larger modulus DETAIL: The new modulus 150 is not a factor of 200, the modulus of existing partition "hpart_3". -- overlapping remainders CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 100, REMAINDER 3); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "hpart_4" LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES WITH (MODU... ^ -- trying to specify range for the hash partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a', 1) TO ('z'); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a hash partition LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES FROM ('a',... ^ -- trying to specify list value for the hash partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES IN (1000); ERROR: invalid bound specification for a hash partition LINE 1: ...BLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted FOR VALUES IN (1000); ^ -- trying to create default partition for the hash partitioned table CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF hash_parted DEFAULT; ERROR: a hash-partitioned table may not have a default partition -- check if compatible with the specified parent -- cannot create as partition of a non-partitioned table CREATE TABLE unparted ( a int ); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF unparted FOR VALUES IN ('a'); ERROR: "unparted" is not partitioned CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF unparted FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1); ERROR: "unparted" is not partitioned DROP TABLE unparted; -- cannot create a permanent rel as partition of a temp rel CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_parted ( a int ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF temp_parted FOR VALUES IN ('a'); ERROR: cannot create a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted" DROP TABLE temp_parted; -- check for partition bound overlap and other invalid specifications CREATE TABLE list_parted2 ( a varchar ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE part_null_z PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null, 'z'); CREATE TABLE part_ab PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('a', 'b'); CREATE TABLE list_parted2_def PARTITION OF list_parted2 DEFAULT; CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part_null_z" LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN (null); ^ CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b', 'c'); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part_ab" LINE 1: ...ail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('b', 'c'); ^ -- check default partition overlap INSERT INTO list_parted2 VALUES('X'); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF list_parted2 FOR VALUES IN ('W', 'X', 'Y'); ERROR: updated partition constraint for default partition "list_parted2_def" would be violated by some row CREATE TABLE range_parted2 ( a int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a); -- trying to create range partition with empty range CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (0); ERROR: empty range bound specified for partition "fail_part" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (0); ^ DETAIL: Specified lower bound (1) is greater than or equal to upper bound (0). -- note that the range '[1, 1)' has no elements CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (1); ERROR: empty range bound specified for partition "fail_part" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (1); ^ DETAIL: Specified lower bound (1) is greater than or equal to upper bound (1). CREATE TABLE part0 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (1); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) TO (2); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part0" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (minvalue) ... ^ CREATE TABLE part1 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1) TO (1); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part0" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (-1) TO (1)... ^ CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (9) TO (maxvalue); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part1" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (9) TO (max... ^ CREATE TABLE part2 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30); CREATE TABLE part3 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (30); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part2" LINE 1: ...art PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (30); ^ CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (50); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part2" LINE 1: ...art PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (50); ^ -- Create a default partition for range partitioned table CREATE TABLE range2_default PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT; -- More than one default partition is not allowed, so this should give error CREATE TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT; ERROR: partition "fail_default_part" conflicts with existing default partition "range2_default" LINE 1: ... TABLE fail_default_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 DEFAULT; ^ -- Check if the range for default partitions overlap INSERT INTO range_parted2 VALUES (85); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (80) TO (90); ERROR: updated partition constraint for default partition "range2_default" would be violated by some row CREATE TABLE part4 PARTITION OF range_parted2 FOR VALUES FROM (90) TO (100); -- now check for multi-column range partition key CREATE TABLE range_parted3 ( a int, b int ) PARTITION BY RANGE (a, (b+1)); CREATE TABLE part00 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalue) TO (0, maxvalue); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalue) TO (0, 1); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part00" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (0, minvalu... ^ CREATE TABLE part10 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalue) TO (1, 1); CREATE TABLE part11 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 1) TO (1, 10); CREATE TABLE part12 PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, maxvalue); CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1, 20); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part12" LINE 1: ...rt PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, 10) TO (1,... ^ CREATE TABLE range3_default PARTITION OF range_parted3 DEFAULT; -- cannot create a partition that says column b is allowed to range -- from -infinity to +infinity, while there exist partitions that have -- more specific ranges CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalue) TO (1, maxvalue); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "part10" LINE 1: ..._part PARTITION OF range_parted3 FOR VALUES FROM (1, minvalu... ^ -- check for partition bound overlap and other invalid specifications for the hash partition CREATE TABLE hash_parted2 ( a varchar ) PARTITION BY HASH (a); CREATE TABLE h2part_1 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 2); CREATE TABLE h2part_2 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 0); CREATE TABLE h2part_3 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 4); CREATE TABLE h2part_4 PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 5); -- overlap with part_4 CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 2, REMAINDER 1); ERROR: partition "fail_part" would overlap partition "h2part_4" LINE 1: ...LE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODU... ^ -- modulus must be greater than zero CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 0, REMAINDER 1); ERROR: modulus for hash partition must be an integer value greater than zero -- remainder must be greater than or equal to zero and less than modulus CREATE TABLE fail_part PARTITION OF hash_parted2 FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 8, REMAINDER 8); ERROR: remainder for hash partition must be less than modulus -- check schema propagation from parent CREATE TABLE parted ( a text, b int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0) ) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE part_a PARTITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('a'); -- only inherited attributes (never local ones) SELECT attname, attislocal, attinhcount FROM pg_attribute WHERE attrelid = 'part_a'::regclass and attnum > 0 ORDER BY attnum; attname | attislocal | attinhcount ---------+------------+------------- a | f | 1 b | f | 1 (2 rows) -- able to specify column default, column constraint, and table constraint -- first check the "column specified more than once" error CREATE TABLE part_b PARTITION OF parted ( b NOT NULL, b DEFAULT 1, b CHECK (b >= 0), CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0) ) FOR VALUES IN ('b'); ERROR: column "b" specified more than once CREATE TABLE part_b PARTITION OF parted ( b NOT NULL DEFAULT 1, CONSTRAINT check_a CHECK (length(a) > 0), CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b >= 0) ) FOR VALUES IN ('b'); NOTICE: merging constraint "check_a" with inherited definition -- conislocal should be false for any merged constraints, true otherwise SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass ORDER BY conislocal, coninhcount; conislocal | coninhcount ------------+------------- f | 1 t | 0 (2 rows) -- Once check_b is added to the parent, it should be made non-local for part_b ALTER TABLE parted ADD CONSTRAINT check_b CHECK (b >= 0); NOTICE: merging constraint "check_b" with inherited definition SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass; conislocal | coninhcount ------------+------------- f | 1 f | 1 (2 rows) -- Neither check_a nor check_b are droppable from part_b ALTER TABLE part_b DROP CONSTRAINT check_a; ERROR: cannot drop inherited constraint "check_a" of relation "part_b" ALTER TABLE part_b DROP CONSTRAINT check_b; ERROR: cannot drop inherited constraint "check_b" of relation "part_b" -- And dropping it from parted should leave no trace of them on part_b, unlike -- traditional inheritance where they will be left behind, because they would -- be local constraints. ALTER TABLE parted DROP CONSTRAINT check_a, DROP CONSTRAINT check_b; SELECT conislocal, coninhcount FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'part_b'::regclass; conislocal | coninhcount ------------+------------- (0 rows) -- specify PARTITION BY for a partition CREATE TABLE fail_part_col_not_found PARTITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE (c); ERROR: column "c" named in partition key does not exist LINE 1: ...TITION OF parted FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE (c); ^ CREATE TABLE part_c PARTITION OF parted (b WITH OPTIONS NOT NULL DEFAULT 0) FOR VALUES IN ('c') PARTITION BY RANGE ((b)); -- create a level-2 partition CREATE TABLE part_c_1_10 PARTITION OF part_c FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10); -- check that NOT NULL and default value are inherited correctly create table parted_notnull_inh_test (a int default 1, b int not null default 0) partition by list (a); create table parted_notnull_inh_test1 partition of parted_notnull_inh_test (a not null, b default 1) for values in (1); insert into parted_notnull_inh_test (b) values (null); ERROR: null value in column "b" of relation "parted_notnull_inh_test1" violates not-null constraint DETAIL: Failing row contains (1, null). -- note that while b's default is overridden, a's default is preserved \d parted_notnull_inh_test1 Table "public.parted_notnull_inh_test1" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- a | integer | | not null | 1 b | integer | | not null | 1 Partition of: parted_notnull_inh_test FOR VALUES IN (1) drop table parted_notnull_inh_test; -- check that collations are assigned in partition bound expressions create table parted_boolean_col (a bool, b text) partition by list(a); create table parted_boolean_less partition of parted_boolean_col for values in ('foo' < 'bar'); create table parted_boolean_greater partition of parted_boolean_col for values in ('foo' > 'bar'); drop table parted_boolean_col; -- check for a conflicting COLLATE clause create table parted_collate_must_match (a text collate "C", b text collate "C") partition by range (a); -- on the partition key create table parted_collate_must_match1 partition of parted_collate_must_match (a collate "POSIX") for values from ('a') to ('m'); -- on another column create table parted_collate_must_match2 partition of parted_collate_must_match (b collate "POSIX") for values from ('m') to ('z'); drop table parted_collate_must_match; -- check that non-matching collations for partition bound -- expressions are coerced to the right collation create table test_part_coll_posix (a text) partition by range (a collate "POSIX"); -- ok, collation is implicitly coerced create table test_part_coll partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from ('a' collate "C") to ('g'); -- ok create table test_part_coll2 partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from ('g') to ('m'); -- ok, collation is implicitly coerced create table test_part_coll_cast partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from (name 'm' collate "C") to ('s'); -- ok; partition collation silently overrides the default collation of type 'name' create table test_part_coll_cast2 partition of test_part_coll_posix for values from (name 's') to ('z'); drop table test_part_coll_posix; -- Partition bound in describe output \d+ part_b Table "public.part_b" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- a | text | | | | extended | | b | integer | | not null | 1 | plain | | Partition of: parted FOR VALUES IN ('b') Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'b'::text)) -- Both partition bound and partition key in describe output \d+ part_c Partitioned table "public.part_c" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- a | text | | | | extended | | b | integer | | not null | 0 | plain | | Partition of: parted FOR VALUES IN ('c') Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'c'::text)) Partition key: RANGE (b) Partitions: part_c_1_10 FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10) -- a level-2 partition's constraint will include the parent's expressions \d+ part_c_1_10 Table "public.part_c_1_10" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- a | text | | | | extended | | b | integer | | not null | 0 | plain | | Partition of: part_c FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10) Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a = 'c'::text) AND (b IS NOT NULL) AND (b >= 1) AND (b < 10)) -- Show partition count in the parent's describe output -- Tempted to include \d+ output listing partitions with bound info but -- output could vary depending on the order in which partition oids are -- returned. \d parted Partitioned table "public.parted" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- a | text | | | b | integer | | not null | 0 Partition key: LIST (a) Number of partitions: 3 (Use \d+ to list them.) \d hash_parted Partitioned table "public.hash_parted" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- a | integer | | | Partition key: HASH (a) Number of partitions: 4 (Use \d+ to list them.) -- check that we get the expected partition constraints CREATE TABLE range_parted4 (a int, b int, c int) PARTITION BY RANGE (abs(a), abs(b), c); CREATE TABLE unbounded_range_part PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE); \d+ unbounded_range_part Table "public.unbounded_range_part" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | integer | | | | plain | | c | integer | | | | plain | | Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE) Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL)) DROP TABLE unbounded_range_part; CREATE TABLE range_parted4_1 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (1, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE); \d+ range_parted4_1 Table "public.range_parted4_1" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | integer | | | | plain | | c | integer | | | | plain | | Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE, MINVALUE, MINVALUE) TO (1, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE) Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(a) <= 1)) CREATE TABLE range_parted4_2 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 4, 5) TO (6, 7, MAXVALUE); \d+ range_parted4_2 Table "public.range_parted4_2" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | integer | | | | plain | | c | integer | | | | plain | | Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (3, 4, 5) TO (6, 7, MAXVALUE) Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND ((abs(a) > 3) OR ((abs(a) = 3) AND (abs(b) > 4)) OR ((abs(a) = 3) AND (abs(b) = 4) AND (c >= 5))) AND ((abs(a) < 6) OR ((abs(a) = 6) AND (abs(b) <= 7)))) CREATE TABLE range_parted4_3 PARTITION OF range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, MINVALUE) TO (9, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE); \d+ range_parted4_3 Table "public.range_parted4_3" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | b | integer | | | | plain | | c | integer | | | | plain | | Partition of: range_parted4 FOR VALUES FROM (6, 8, MINVALUE) TO (9, MAXVALUE, MAXVALUE) Partition constraint: ((abs(a) IS NOT NULL) AND (abs(b) IS NOT NULL) AND (c IS NOT NULL) AND ((abs(a) > 6) OR ((abs(a) = 6) AND (abs(b) >= 8))) AND (abs(a) <= 9)) DROP TABLE range_parted4; -- user-defined operator class in partition key CREATE FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4) RETURNS int LANGUAGE sql AS $$ SELECT CASE WHEN $1 = $2 THEN 0 WHEN $1 > $2 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END; $$; CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops FOR TYPE int4 USING btree AS OPERATOR 1 < (int4,int4), OPERATOR 2 <= (int4,int4), OPERATOR 3 = (int4,int4), OPERATOR 4 >= (int4,int4), OPERATOR 5 > (int4,int4), FUNCTION 1 my_int4_sort(int4,int4); CREATE TABLE partkey_t (a int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (a test_int4_ops); CREATE TABLE partkey_t_1 PARTITION OF partkey_t FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (1000); INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (100); INSERT INTO partkey_t VALUES (200); -- cleanup DROP TABLE parted, list_parted, range_parted, list_parted2, range_parted2, range_parted3; DROP TABLE partkey_t, hash_parted, hash_parted2; DROP OPERATOR CLASS test_int4_ops USING btree; DROP FUNCTION my_int4_sort(int4,int4); -- comments on partitioned tables columns CREATE TABLE parted_col_comment (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a); COMMENT ON TABLE parted_col_comment IS 'Am partitioned table'; COMMENT ON COLUMN parted_col_comment.a IS 'Partition key'; SELECT obj_description('parted_col_comment'::regclass); obj_description ---------------------- Am partitioned table (1 row) \d+ parted_col_comment Partitioned table "public.parted_col_comment" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+--------------- a | integer | | | | plain | | Partition key b | text | | | | extended | | Partition key: LIST (a) Number of partitions: 0 DROP TABLE parted_col_comment; -- specifying storage parameters for partitioned tables is not supported CREATE TABLE parted_col_comment (a int, b text) PARTITION BY LIST (a) WITH (fillfactor=100); ERROR: cannot specify storage parameters for a partitioned table HINT: Specify storage parameters for its leaf partitions instead. -- list partitioning on array type column CREATE TABLE arrlp (a int[]) PARTITION BY LIST (a); CREATE TABLE arrlp12 PARTITION OF arrlp FOR VALUES IN ('{1}', '{2}'); \d+ arrlp12 Table "public.arrlp12" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+------------- a | integer[] | | | | extended | | Partition of: arrlp FOR VALUES IN ('{1}', '{2}') Partition constraint: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND ((a = '{1}'::integer[]) OR (a = '{2}'::integer[]))) DROP TABLE arrlp; -- partition on boolean column create table boolspart (a bool) partition by list (a); create table boolspart_t partition of boolspart for values in (true); create table boolspart_f partition of boolspart for values in (false); \d+ boolspart Partitioned table "public.boolspart" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+------------- a | boolean | | | | plain | | Partition key: LIST (a) Partitions: boolspart_f FOR VALUES IN (false), boolspart_t FOR VALUES IN (true) drop table boolspart; -- partitions mixing temporary and permanent relations create table perm_parted (a int) partition by list (a); create temporary table temp_parted (a int) partition by list (a); create table perm_part partition of temp_parted default; -- error ERROR: cannot create a permanent relation as partition of temporary relation "temp_parted" create temp table temp_part partition of perm_parted default; -- error ERROR: cannot create a temporary relation as partition of permanent relation "perm_parted" create temp table temp_part partition of temp_parted default; -- ok drop table perm_parted cascade; drop table temp_parted cascade; -- check that adding partitions to a table while it is being used is prevented create table tab_part_create (a int) partition by list (a); create or replace function func_part_create() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$ begin execute 'create table tab_part_create_1 partition of tab_part_create for values in (1)'; return null; end $$; create trigger trig_part_create before insert on tab_part_create for each statement execute procedure func_part_create(); insert into tab_part_create values (1); ERROR: cannot CREATE TABLE .. PARTITION OF "tab_part_create" because it is being used by active queries in this session CONTEXT: SQL statement "create table tab_part_create_1 partition of tab_part_create for values in (1)" PL/pgSQL function func_part_create() line 3 at EXECUTE drop table tab_part_create; drop function func_part_create(); -- test using a volatile expression as partition bound create table volatile_partbound_test (partkey timestamp) partition by range (partkey); create table volatile_partbound_test1 partition of volatile_partbound_test for values from (minvalue) to (current_timestamp); create table volatile_partbound_test2 partition of volatile_partbound_test for values from (current_timestamp) to (maxvalue); -- this should go into the partition volatile_partbound_test2 insert into volatile_partbound_test values (current_timestamp); select tableoid::regclass from volatile_partbound_test; tableoid -------------------------- volatile_partbound_test2 (1 row) drop table volatile_partbound_test; -- test the case where a check constraint on default partition allows -- to avoid scanning it when adding a new partition create table defcheck (a int, b int) partition by list (b); create table defcheck_def (a int, c int, b int); alter table defcheck_def drop c; alter table defcheck attach partition defcheck_def default; alter table defcheck_def add check (b <= 0 and b is not null); create table defcheck_1 partition of defcheck for values in (1, null); -- test that complex default partition constraints are enforced correctly insert into defcheck_def values (0, 0); create table defcheck_0 partition of defcheck for values in (0); ERROR: updated partition constraint for default partition "defcheck_def" would be violated by some row drop table defcheck; -- tests of column drop with partition tables and indexes using -- predicates and expressions. create table part_column_drop ( useless_1 int, id int, useless_2 int, d int, b int, useless_3 int ) partition by range (id); alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_1; alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_2; alter table part_column_drop drop column useless_3; create index part_column_drop_b_pred on part_column_drop(b) where b = 1; create index part_column_drop_b_expr on part_column_drop((b = 1)); create index part_column_drop_d_pred on part_column_drop(d) where d = 2; create index part_column_drop_d_expr on part_column_drop((d = 2)); create table part_column_drop_1_10 partition of part_column_drop for values from (1) to (10); \d part_column_drop Partitioned table "public.part_column_drop" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- id | integer | | | d | integer | | | b | integer | | | Partition key: RANGE (id) Indexes: "part_column_drop_b_expr" btree ((b = 1)) "part_column_drop_b_pred" btree (b) WHERE b = 1 "part_column_drop_d_expr" btree ((d = 2)) "part_column_drop_d_pred" btree (d) WHERE d = 2 Number of partitions: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.) \d part_column_drop_1_10 Table "public.part_column_drop_1_10" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- id | integer | | | d | integer | | | b | integer | | | Partition of: part_column_drop FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10) Indexes: "part_column_drop_1_10_b_idx" btree (b) WHERE b = 1 "part_column_drop_1_10_d_idx" btree (d) WHERE d = 2 "part_column_drop_1_10_expr_idx" btree ((b = 1)) "part_column_drop_1_10_expr_idx1" btree ((d = 2)) drop table part_column_drop;