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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* portal.h
* POSTGRES portal definitions.
*
* A portal is an abstraction which represents the execution state of
* a running or runnable query. Portals support both SQL-level CURSORs
* and protocol-level portals.
*
* Scrolling (nonsequential access) and suspension of execution are allowed
* only for portals that contain a single SELECT-type query. We do not want
* to let the client suspend an update-type query partway through! Because
* the query rewriter does not allow arbitrary ON SELECT rewrite rules,
* only queries that were originally update-type could produce multiple
* plan trees; so the restriction to a single query is not a problem
* in practice.
*
* For SQL cursors, we support three kinds of scroll behavior:
*
* (1) Neither NO SCROLL nor SCROLL was specified: to remain backward
* compatible, we allow backward fetches here, unless it would
* impose additional runtime overhead to do so.
*
* (2) NO SCROLL was specified: don't allow any backward fetches.
*
* (3) SCROLL was specified: allow all kinds of backward fetches, even
* if we need to take a performance hit to do so. (The planner sticks
* a Materialize node atop the query plan if needed.)
*
* Case #1 is converted to #2 or #3 by looking at the query itself and
* determining if scrollability can be supported without additional
* overhead.
*
* Protocol-level portals have no nonsequential-fetch API and so the
* distinction doesn't matter for them. They are always initialized
* to look like NO SCROLL cursors.
*
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* src/include/utils/portal.h
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#ifndef PORTAL_H
#define PORTAL_H
#include "datatype/timestamp.h"
#include "executor/execdesc.h"
#include "tcop/cmdtag.h"
#include "utils/plancache.h"
#include "utils/resowner.h"
/*
* We have several execution strategies for Portals, depending on what
* query or queries are to be executed. (Note: in all cases, a Portal
* executes just a single source-SQL query, and thus produces just a
* single result from the user's viewpoint. However, the rule rewriter
* may expand the single source query to zero or many actual queries.)
*
* PORTAL_ONE_SELECT: the portal contains one single SELECT query. We run
* the Executor incrementally as results are demanded. This strategy also
* supports holdable cursors (the Executor results can be dumped into a
* tuplestore for access after transaction completion).
*
* PORTAL_ONE_RETURNING: the portal contains a single INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
* query with a RETURNING clause (plus possibly auxiliary queries added by
* rule rewriting). On first execution, we run the portal to completion
* and dump the primary query's results into the portal tuplestore; the
* results are then returned to the client as demanded. (We can't support
* suspension of the query partway through, because the AFTER TRIGGER code
* can't cope, and also because we don't want to risk failing to execute
* all the auxiliary queries.)
*
* PORTAL_ONE_MOD_WITH: the portal contains one single SELECT query, but
* it has data-modifying CTEs. This is currently treated the same as the
* PORTAL_ONE_RETURNING case because of the possibility of needing to fire
* triggers. It may act more like PORTAL_ONE_SELECT in future.
*
* PORTAL_UTIL_SELECT: the portal contains a utility statement that returns
* a SELECT-like result (for example, EXPLAIN or SHOW). On first execution,
* we run the statement and dump its results into the portal tuplestore;
* the results are then returned to the client as demanded.
*
* PORTAL_MULTI_QUERY: all other cases. Here, we do not support partial
* execution: the portal's queries will be run to completion on first call.
*/
typedef enum PortalStrategy
{
PORTAL_ONE_SELECT,
PORTAL_ONE_RETURNING,
PORTAL_ONE_MOD_WITH,
PORTAL_UTIL_SELECT,
PORTAL_MULTI_QUERY
} PortalStrategy;
/*
* A portal is always in one of these states. It is possible to transit
* from ACTIVE back to READY if the query is not run to completion;
* otherwise we never back up in status.
*/
typedef enum PortalStatus
{
PORTAL_NEW, /* freshly created */
PORTAL_DEFINED, /* PortalDefineQuery done */
PORTAL_READY, /* PortalStart complete, can run it */
PORTAL_ACTIVE, /* portal is running (can't delete it) */
PORTAL_DONE, /* portal is finished (don't re-run it) */
PORTAL_FAILED /* portal got error (can't re-run it) */
} PortalStatus;
typedef struct PortalData *Portal;
typedef struct PortalData
{
/* Bookkeeping data */
const char *name; /* portal's name */
const char *prepStmtName; /* source prepared statement (NULL if none) */
MemoryContext portalContext; /* subsidiary memory for portal */
ResourceOwner resowner; /* resources owned by portal */
void (*cleanup) (Portal portal); /* cleanup hook */
/*
* State data for remembering which subtransaction(s) the portal was
* created or used in. If the portal is held over from a previous
* transaction, both subxids are InvalidSubTransactionId. Otherwise,
* createSubid is the creating subxact and activeSubid is the last subxact
* in which we ran the portal.
*/
SubTransactionId createSubid; /* the creating subxact */
SubTransactionId activeSubid; /* the last subxact with activity */
int createLevel; /* creating subxact's nesting level */
/* The query or queries the portal will execute */
const char *sourceText; /* text of query (as of 8.4, never NULL) */
CommandTag commandTag; /* command tag for original query */
QueryCompletion qc; /* command completion data for executed query */
List *stmts; /* list of PlannedStmts */
CachedPlan *cplan; /* CachedPlan, if stmts are from one */
ParamListInfo portalParams; /* params to pass to query */
QueryEnvironment *queryEnv; /* environment for query */
/* Features/options */
PortalStrategy strategy; /* see above */
int cursorOptions; /* DECLARE CURSOR option bits */
bool run_once; /* portal will only be run once */
/* Status data */
PortalStatus status; /* see above */
bool portalPinned; /* a pinned portal can't be dropped */
bool autoHeld; /* was automatically converted from pinned to
* held (see HoldPinnedPortals()) */
/* If not NULL, Executor is active; call ExecutorEnd eventually: */
QueryDesc *queryDesc; /* info needed for executor invocation */
/* If portal returns tuples, this is their tupdesc: */
TupleDesc tupDesc; /* descriptor for result tuples */
/* and these are the format codes to use for the columns: */
int16 *formats; /* a format code for each column */
/*
* Outermost ActiveSnapshot for execution of the portal's queries. For
* all but a few utility commands, we require such a snapshot to exist.
* This ensures that TOAST references in query results can be detoasted,
* and helps to reduce thrashing of the process's exposed xmin.
*/
Snapshot portalSnapshot; /* active snapshot, or NULL if none */
/*
* Where we store tuples for a held cursor or a PORTAL_ONE_RETURNING or
* PORTAL_UTIL_SELECT query. (A cursor held past the end of its
* transaction no longer has any active executor state.)
*/
Tuplestorestate *holdStore; /* store for holdable cursors */
MemoryContext holdContext; /* memory containing holdStore */
/*
* Snapshot under which tuples in the holdStore were read. We must keep a
* reference to this snapshot if there is any possibility that the tuples
* contain TOAST references, because releasing the snapshot could allow
* recently-dead rows to be vacuumed away, along with any toast data
* belonging to them. In the case of a held cursor, we avoid needing to
* keep such a snapshot by forcibly detoasting the data.
*/
Snapshot holdSnapshot; /* registered snapshot, or NULL if none */
/*
* atStart, atEnd and portalPos indicate the current cursor position.
* portalPos is zero before the first row, N after fetching N'th row of
* query. After we run off the end, portalPos = # of rows in query, and
* atEnd is true. Note that atStart implies portalPos == 0, but not the
* reverse: we might have backed up only as far as the first row, not to
* the start. Also note that various code inspects atStart and atEnd, but
* only the portal movement routines should touch portalPos.
*/
bool atStart;
bool atEnd;
uint64 portalPos;
/* Presentation data, primarily used by the pg_cursors system view */
TimestampTz creation_time; /* time at which this portal was defined */
bool visible; /* include this portal in pg_cursors? */
} PortalData;
/*
* PortalIsValid
* True iff portal is valid.
*/
#define PortalIsValid(p) PointerIsValid(p)
/* Prototypes for functions in utils/mmgr/portalmem.c */
extern void EnablePortalManager(void);
extern bool PreCommit_Portals(bool isPrepare);
extern void AtAbort_Portals(void);
extern void AtCleanup_Portals(void);
extern void PortalErrorCleanup(void);
extern void AtSubCommit_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid,
SubTransactionId parentSubid,
int parentLevel,
ResourceOwner parentXactOwner);
extern void AtSubAbort_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid,
SubTransactionId parentSubid,
ResourceOwner myXactOwner,
ResourceOwner parentXactOwner);
extern void AtSubCleanup_Portals(SubTransactionId mySubid);
extern Portal CreatePortal(const char *name, bool allowDup, bool dupSilent);
extern Portal CreateNewPortal(void);
extern void PinPortal(Portal portal);
extern void UnpinPortal(Portal portal);
extern void MarkPortalActive(Portal portal);
extern void MarkPortalDone(Portal portal);
extern void MarkPortalFailed(Portal portal);
extern void PortalDrop(Portal portal, bool isTopCommit);
extern Portal GetPortalByName(const char *name);
extern void PortalDefineQuery(Portal portal,
const char *prepStmtName,
const char *sourceText,
CommandTag commandTag,
List *stmts,
CachedPlan *cplan);
extern PlannedStmt *PortalGetPrimaryStmt(Portal portal);
extern void PortalCreateHoldStore(Portal portal);
extern void PortalHashTableDeleteAll(void);
extern bool ThereAreNoReadyPortals(void);
extern void HoldPinnedPortals(void);
extern void ForgetPortalSnapshots(void);
#endif /* PORTAL_H */
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