1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
|
--
-- TRIGGERS
--
-- directory paths and dlsuffix are passed to us in environment variables
\getenv libdir PG_LIBDIR
\getenv dlsuffix PG_DLSUFFIX
\set autoinclib :libdir '/autoinc' :dlsuffix
\set refintlib :libdir '/refint' :dlsuffix
\set regresslib :libdir '/regress' :dlsuffix
CREATE FUNCTION autoinc ()
RETURNS trigger
AS :'autoinclib'
LANGUAGE C;
CREATE FUNCTION check_primary_key ()
RETURNS trigger
AS :'refintlib'
LANGUAGE C;
CREATE FUNCTION check_foreign_key ()
RETURNS trigger
AS :'refintlib'
LANGUAGE C;
CREATE FUNCTION trigger_return_old ()
RETURNS trigger
AS :'regresslib'
LANGUAGE C;
CREATE FUNCTION set_ttdummy (int4)
RETURNS int4
AS :'regresslib'
LANGUAGE C STRICT;
create table pkeys (pkey1 int4 not null, pkey2 text not null);
create table fkeys (fkey1 int4, fkey2 text, fkey3 int);
create table fkeys2 (fkey21 int4, fkey22 text, pkey23 int not null);
create index fkeys_i on fkeys (fkey1, fkey2);
create index fkeys2_i on fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22);
create index fkeys2p_i on fkeys2 (pkey23);
insert into pkeys values (10, '1');
insert into pkeys values (20, '2');
insert into pkeys values (30, '3');
insert into pkeys values (40, '4');
insert into pkeys values (50, '5');
insert into pkeys values (60, '6');
create unique index pkeys_i on pkeys (pkey1, pkey2);
--
-- For fkeys:
-- (fkey1, fkey2) --> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
-- (fkey3) --> fkeys2 (pkey23)
--
create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
before insert or update on fkeys
for each row
execute function
check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
create trigger check_fkeys_pkey2_exist
before insert or update on fkeys
for each row
execute function check_primary_key ('fkey3', 'fkeys2', 'pkey23');
--
-- For fkeys2:
-- (fkey21, fkey22) --> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
--
create trigger check_fkeys2_pkey_exist
before insert or update on fkeys2
for each row
execute procedure
check_primary_key ('fkey21', 'fkey22', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
-- Test comments
COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_bad ON fkeys2 IS 'wrong';
COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS 'right';
COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS NULL;
--
-- For pkeys:
-- ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey1, pkey2) CASCADE:
-- fkeys (fkey1, fkey2) and fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22)
--
create trigger check_pkeys_fkey_cascade
before delete or update on pkeys
for each row
execute procedure
check_foreign_key (2, 'cascade', 'pkey1', 'pkey2',
'fkeys', 'fkey1', 'fkey2', 'fkeys2', 'fkey21', 'fkey22');
--
-- For fkeys2:
-- ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey23) RESTRICT:
-- fkeys (fkey3)
--
create trigger check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict
before delete or update on fkeys2
for each row
execute procedure check_foreign_key (1, 'restrict', 'pkey23', 'fkeys', 'fkey3');
insert into fkeys2 values (10, '1', 1);
insert into fkeys2 values (30, '3', 2);
insert into fkeys2 values (40, '4', 5);
insert into fkeys2 values (50, '5', 3);
-- no key in pkeys
insert into fkeys2 values (70, '5', 3);
insert into fkeys values (10, '1', 2);
insert into fkeys values (30, '3', 3);
insert into fkeys values (40, '4', 2);
insert into fkeys values (50, '5', 2);
-- no key in pkeys
insert into fkeys values (70, '5', 1);
-- no key in fkeys2
insert into fkeys values (60, '6', 4);
delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 30 and pkey2 = '3';
delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 40 and pkey2 = '4';
update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 50 and pkey2 = '5';
update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 10 and pkey2 = '1';
SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE event_object_table in ('pkeys', 'fkeys', 'fkeys2')
ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
DROP TABLE pkeys;
DROP TABLE fkeys;
DROP TABLE fkeys2;
-- Check behavior when trigger returns unmodified trigtuple
create table trigtest (f1 int, f2 text);
create trigger trigger_return_old
before insert or delete or update on trigtest
for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
select * from trigtest;
delete from trigtest;
select * from trigtest;
-- Also check what happens when such a trigger runs before or after others
create function f1_times_10() returns trigger as
$$ begin new.f1 := new.f1 * 10; return new; end $$ language plpgsql;
create trigger trigger_alpha
before insert or update on trigtest
for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
select * from trigtest;
delete from trigtest;
select * from trigtest;
create trigger trigger_zed
before insert or update on trigtest
for each row execute procedure f1_times_10();
insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
select * from trigtest;
delete from trigtest;
select * from trigtest;
drop trigger trigger_alpha on trigtest;
insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
select * from trigtest;
delete from trigtest;
select * from trigtest;
drop table trigtest;
-- Check behavior with an implicit column default, too (bug #16644)
create table trigtest (
a integer,
b bool default true not null,
c text default 'xyzzy' not null);
create trigger trigger_return_old
before insert or delete or update on trigtest
for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();
insert into trigtest values(1);
select * from trigtest;
alter table trigtest add column d integer default 42 not null;
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
select * from trigtest;
alter table trigtest drop column b;
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set a = 2 where a = 1 returning *;
select * from trigtest;
drop table trigtest;
create sequence ttdummy_seq increment 10 start 0 minvalue 0;
create table tttest (
price_id int4,
price_val int4,
price_on int4,
price_off int4 default 999999
);
create trigger ttdummy
before delete or update on tttest
for each row
execute procedure
ttdummy (price_on, price_off);
create trigger ttserial
before insert or update on tttest
for each row
execute procedure
autoinc (price_on, ttdummy_seq);
insert into tttest values (1, 1, null);
insert into tttest values (2, 2, null);
insert into tttest values (3, 3, 0);
select * from tttest;
delete from tttest where price_id = 2;
select * from tttest;
-- what do we see ?
-- get current prices
select * from tttest where price_off = 999999;
-- change price for price_id == 3
update tttest set price_val = 30 where price_id = 3;
select * from tttest;
-- now we want to change pric_id in ALL tuples
-- this gets us not what we need
update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
select * from tttest;
-- restore data as before last update:
select set_ttdummy(0);
delete from tttest where price_id = 5;
update tttest set price_off = 999999 where price_val = 30;
select * from tttest;
-- and try change price_id now!
update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
select * from tttest;
-- isn't it what we need ?
select set_ttdummy(1);
-- we want to correct some "date"
update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
-- but this doesn't work
-- try in this way
select set_ttdummy(0);
update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
select * from tttest;
-- isn't it what we need ?
-- get price for price_id == 5 as it was @ "date" 35
select * from tttest where price_on <= 35 and price_off > 35 and price_id = 5;
drop table tttest;
drop sequence ttdummy_seq;
--
-- tests for per-statement triggers
--
CREATE TABLE log_table (tstamp timestamp default timeofday()::timestamp);
CREATE TABLE main_table (a int unique, b int);
COPY main_table (a,b) FROM stdin;
5 10
20 20
30 10
50 35
80 15
\.
CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS '
BEGIN
RAISE NOTICE ''trigger_func(%) called: action = %, when = %, level = %'', TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
RETURN NULL;
END;';
CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_ins_stmt');
--
-- if neither 'FOR EACH ROW' nor 'FOR EACH STATEMENT' was specified,
-- CREATE TRIGGER should default to 'FOR EACH STATEMENT'
--
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_stmt');
-- Both insert and update statement level triggers (before and after) should
-- fire. Doesn't fire UPDATE before trigger, but only because one isn't
-- defined.
INSERT INTO main_table (a, b) VALUES (5, 10) ON CONFLICT (a)
DO UPDATE SET b = EXCLUDED.b;
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_row');
INSERT INTO main_table DEFAULT VALUES;
UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 1 WHERE b < 30;
-- UPDATE that effects zero rows should still call per-statement trigger
UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 2 WHERE b > 100;
-- constraint now unneeded
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP CONSTRAINT main_table_a_key;
-- COPY should fire per-row and per-statement INSERT triggers
COPY main_table (a, b) FROM stdin;
30 40
50 60
\.
SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
--
-- test triggers with WHEN clause
--
CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a');
CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any');
CREATE TRIGGER insert_a AFTER INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_a');
CREATE TRIGGER delete_a AFTER DELETE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_a');
CREATE TRIGGER insert_when BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_when');
CREATE TRIGGER delete_when AFTER DELETE ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_when');
SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE event_object_table IN ('main_table')
ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
INSERT INTO main_table (a) VALUES (123), (456);
COPY main_table FROM stdin;
123 999
456 999
\.
DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a IN (123, 456);
UPDATE main_table SET a = 50, b = 60;
SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, false) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_any';
-- Test RENAME TRIGGER
ALTER TRIGGER modified_a ON main_table RENAME TO modified_modified_a;
SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
SELECT count(*) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_modified_a';
DROP TRIGGER modified_modified_a ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER modified_any ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER insert_a ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER delete_a ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER insert_when ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER delete_when ON main_table;
-- Test WHEN condition accessing system columns.
create table table_with_oids(a int);
insert into table_with_oids values (1);
create trigger oid_unchanged_trig after update on table_with_oids
for each row
when (new.tableoid = old.tableoid AND new.tableoid <> 0)
execute procedure trigger_func('after_upd_oid_unchanged');
update table_with_oids set a = a + 1;
drop table table_with_oids;
-- Test column-level triggers
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig ON main_table;
CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_row');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_row');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row');
CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_stmt');
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'after_upd_a_b_row_trig';
UPDATE main_table SET a = 50;
UPDATE main_table SET b = 10;
--
-- Test case for bug with BEFORE trigger followed by AFTER trigger with WHEN
--
CREATE TABLE some_t (some_col boolean NOT NULL);
CREATE FUNCTION dummy_update_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$
BEGIN
RAISE NOTICE 'dummy_update_func(%) called: action = %, old = %, new = %',
TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_before BEFORE UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('before');
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_aftera AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NOT OLD.some_col AND NEW.some_col)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('aftera');
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_afterb AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NOT NEW.some_col)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('afterb');
INSERT INTO some_t VALUES (TRUE);
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = FALSE;
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
DROP TABLE some_t;
-- bogus cases
CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_and_col');
CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_a_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a, a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_a_a');
CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_a');
CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_old');
CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_del_new');
CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_when_sys_column');
CREATE TRIGGER error_stmt_when BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_stmt_when');
-- check dependency restrictions
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
-- this should succeed, but we'll roll it back to keep the triggers around
begin;
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig ON main_table;
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
rollback;
-- Test enable/disable triggers
create table trigtest (i serial primary key);
-- test that disabling RI triggers works
create table trigtest2 (i int references trigtest(i) on delete cascade);
create function trigtest() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice '% % % %', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
return new;
end;$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger trigtest_b_row_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each row execute procedure trigtest();
create trigger trigtest_a_row_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each row execute procedure trigtest();
create trigger trigtest_b_stmt_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
create trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
insert into trigtest default values;
alter table trigtest disable trigger trigtest_b_row_tg;
insert into trigtest default values;
alter table trigtest disable trigger user;
insert into trigtest default values;
alter table trigtest enable trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
insert into trigtest default values;
set session_replication_role = replica;
insert into trigtest default values; -- does not trigger
alter table trigtest enable always trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
insert into trigtest default values; -- now it does
reset session_replication_role;
insert into trigtest2 values(1);
insert into trigtest2 values(2);
delete from trigtest where i=2;
select * from trigtest2;
alter table trigtest disable trigger all;
delete from trigtest where i=1;
select * from trigtest2;
-- ensure we still insert, even when all triggers are disabled
insert into trigtest default values;
select * from trigtest;
drop table trigtest2;
drop table trigtest;
-- dump trigger data
CREATE TABLE trigger_test (
i int,
v varchar
);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trigger_data() RETURNS trigger
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
argstr text;
relid text;
begin
relid := TG_relid::regclass;
-- plpgsql can't discover its trigger data in a hash like perl and python
-- can, or by a sort of reflection like tcl can,
-- so we have to hard code the names.
raise NOTICE 'TG_NAME: %', TG_name;
raise NOTICE 'TG_WHEN: %', TG_when;
raise NOTICE 'TG_LEVEL: %', TG_level;
raise NOTICE 'TG_OP: %', TG_op;
raise NOTICE 'TG_RELID::regclass: %', relid;
raise NOTICE 'TG_RELNAME: %', TG_relname;
raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_NAME: %', TG_table_name;
raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: %', TG_table_schema;
raise NOTICE 'TG_NARGS: %', TG_nargs;
argstr := '[';
for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
if i > 0 then
argstr := argstr || ', ';
end if;
argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
end loop;
argstr := argstr || ']';
raise NOTICE 'TG_ARGV: %', argstr;
if TG_OP != 'INSERT' then
raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
end if;
if TG_OP != 'DELETE' then
raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
end if;
if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
return OLD;
else
return NEW;
end if;
end;
$$;
CREATE TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON trigger_test
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_data(23,'skidoo');
insert into trigger_test values(1,'insert');
update trigger_test set v = 'update' where i = 1;
delete from trigger_test;
DROP TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig on trigger_test;
DROP FUNCTION trigger_data();
DROP TABLE trigger_test;
--
-- Test use of row comparisons on OLD/NEW
--
CREATE TABLE trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
-- this is the obvious (and wrong...) way to compare rows
CREATE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
begin
if row(old.*) = row(new.*) then
raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
else
raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
end if;
return new;
end$$;
CREATE TRIGGER t
BEFORE UPDATE ON trigger_test
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE mytrigger();
INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar');
INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(2, 'baz', 'quux');
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
-- this demonstrates that the above isn't really working as desired:
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
-- the right way when considering nulls is
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
begin
if row(old.*) is distinct from row(new.*) then
raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
else
raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
end if;
return new;
end$$;
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
DROP TABLE trigger_test;
DROP FUNCTION mytrigger();
-- Test snapshot management in serializable transactions involving triggers
-- per bug report in 6bc73d4c0910042358k3d1adff3qa36f8df75198ecea@mail.gmail.com
CREATE FUNCTION serializable_update_trig() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$$
declare
rec record;
begin
new.description = 'updated in trigger';
return new;
end;
$$;
CREATE TABLE serializable_update_tab (
id int,
filler text,
description text
);
CREATE TRIGGER serializable_update_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON serializable_update_tab
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE serializable_update_trig();
INSERT INTO serializable_update_tab SELECT a, repeat('xyzxz', 100), 'new'
FROM generate_series(1, 50) a;
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
UPDATE serializable_update_tab SET description = 'no no', id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
SELECT description FROM serializable_update_tab WHERE id = 1;
DROP TABLE serializable_update_tab;
-- minimal update trigger
CREATE TABLE min_updates_test (
f1 text,
f2 int,
f3 int);
INSERT INTO min_updates_test VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);
CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
\set QUIET false
UPDATE min_updates_test SET f1 = f1;
UPDATE min_updates_test SET f2 = f2 + 1;
UPDATE min_updates_test SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;
\set QUIET true
SELECT * FROM min_updates_test;
DROP TABLE min_updates_test;
--
-- Test triggers on views
--
CREATE VIEW main_view AS SELECT a, b FROM main_table;
-- VIEW trigger function
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION view_trigger() RETURNS trigger
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
argstr text := '';
begin
for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
if i > 0 then
argstr := argstr || ', ';
end if;
argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
end loop;
raise notice '% % % % (%)', TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, argstr;
if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
if TG_OP = 'INSERT' then
raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
INSERT INTO main_table VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
RETURN NEW;
end if;
if TG_OP = 'UPDATE' then
raise NOTICE 'OLD: %, NEW: %', OLD, NEW;
UPDATE main_table SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
RETURN NEW;
end if;
if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
RETURN OLD;
end if;
end if;
RETURN NULL;
end;
$$;
-- Before row triggers aren't allowed on views
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
-- After row triggers aren't allowed on views
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
-- Truncate triggers aren't allowed on views
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE TRUNCATE ON main_view
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER TRUNCATE ON main_view
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
-- INSTEAD OF triggers aren't allowed on tables
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
-- Don't support WHEN clauses with INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
-- Don't support column-level INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE OF a ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
-- Don't support statement-level INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
-- Valid INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
-- Valid BEFORE statement VIEW triggers
CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt');
-- Valid AFTER statement VIEW triggers
CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt');
\set QUIET false
-- Insert into view using trigger
INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (20, 30);
INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (21, 31) RETURNING a, b;
-- Table trigger will prevent updates
UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
-- Remove table trigger to allow updates
DROP TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig ON main_table;
UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
-- Before and after stmt triggers should fire even when no rows are affected
UPDATE main_view SET b = 0 WHERE false;
-- Delete from view using trigger
DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a IN (20,21);
DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a = 31 RETURNING a, b;
\set QUIET true
-- Describe view should list triggers
\d main_view
-- Test dropping view triggers
DROP TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig ON main_view;
DROP TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig ON main_view;
\d+ main_view
DROP VIEW main_view;
--
-- Test triggers on a join view
--
CREATE TABLE country_table (
country_id serial primary key,
country_name text unique not null,
continent text not null
);
INSERT INTO country_table (country_name, continent)
VALUES ('Japan', 'Asia'),
('UK', 'Europe'),
('USA', 'North America')
RETURNING *;
CREATE TABLE city_table (
city_id serial primary key,
city_name text not null,
population bigint,
country_id int references country_table
);
CREATE VIEW city_view AS
SELECT city_id, city_name, population, country_name, continent
FROM city_table ci
LEFT JOIN country_table co ON co.country_id = ci.country_id;
CREATE FUNCTION city_insert() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
ctry_id int;
begin
if NEW.country_name IS NOT NULL then
SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
if NOT FOUND then
raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
end if;
else
NEW.continent := NULL;
end if;
if NEW.city_id IS NOT NULL then
INSERT INTO city_table
VALUES(NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id);
else
INSERT INTO city_table(city_name, population, country_id)
VALUES(NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id)
RETURNING city_id INTO NEW.city_id;
end if;
RETURN NEW;
end;
$$;
CREATE TRIGGER city_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON city_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_insert();
CREATE FUNCTION city_delete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
begin
DELETE FROM city_table WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
RETURN OLD;
end;
$$;
CREATE TRIGGER city_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON city_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_delete();
CREATE FUNCTION city_update() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
ctry_id int;
begin
if NEW.country_name IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country_name then
SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
if NOT FOUND then
raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
end if;
UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
population = NEW.population,
country_id = ctry_id
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
else
UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
population = NEW.population
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
NEW.continent := OLD.continent;
end if;
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
RETURN NEW;
end;
$$;
CREATE TRIGGER city_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON city_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_update();
\set QUIET false
-- INSERT .. RETURNING
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name) VALUES('Tokyo') RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, population) VALUES('London', 7556900) RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, country_name) VALUES('Washington DC', 'USA') RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view(city_id, city_name) VALUES(123456, 'New York') RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view VALUES(234567, 'Birmingham', 1016800, 'UK', 'EU') RETURNING *;
-- UPDATE .. RETURNING
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japon' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo'; -- error
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Takyo'; -- no match
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *; -- OK
UPDATE city_view SET population = 13010279 WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK' WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'USA', population = 8391881 WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view SET continent = 'EU' WHERE continent = 'Europe' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view v1 SET country_name = v2.country_name FROM city_view v2
WHERE v2.city_name = 'Birmingham' AND v1.city_name = 'London' RETURNING *;
-- DELETE .. RETURNING
DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_name = 'Birmingham' RETURNING *;
\set QUIET true
-- read-only view with WHERE clause
CREATE VIEW european_city_view AS
SELECT * FROM city_view WHERE continent = 'Europe';
SELECT count(*) FROM european_city_view;
CREATE FUNCTION no_op_trig_fn() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS 'begin RETURN NULL; end';
CREATE TRIGGER no_op_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
ON european_city_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE no_op_trig_fn();
\set QUIET false
INSERT INTO european_city_view VALUES (0, 'x', 10000, 'y', 'z');
UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 10000;
DELETE FROM european_city_view;
\set QUIET true
-- rules bypassing no-op triggers
CREATE RULE european_city_insert_rule AS ON INSERT TO european_city_view
DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO city_view
VALUES (NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, NEW.country_name, NEW.continent)
RETURNING *;
CREATE RULE european_city_update_rule AS ON UPDATE TO european_city_view
DO INSTEAD UPDATE city_view SET
city_name = NEW.city_name,
population = NEW.population,
country_name = NEW.country_name
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id
RETURNING NEW.*;
CREATE RULE european_city_delete_rule AS ON DELETE TO european_city_view
DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id RETURNING *;
\set QUIET false
-- INSERT not limited by view's WHERE clause, but UPDATE AND DELETE are
INSERT INTO european_city_view(city_name, country_name)
VALUES ('Cambridge', 'USA') RETURNING *;
UPDATE european_city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
-- UPDATE and DELETE via rule and trigger
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 122800
WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
-- join UPDATE test
UPDATE city_view v SET population = 599657
FROM city_table ci, country_table co
WHERE ci.city_name = 'Washington DC' and co.country_name = 'USA'
AND v.city_id = ci.city_id AND v.country_name = co.country_name
RETURNING co.country_id, v.country_name,
v.city_id, v.city_name, v.population;
\set QUIET true
SELECT * FROM city_view;
DROP TABLE city_table CASCADE;
DROP TABLE country_table;
-- Test pg_trigger_depth()
create table depth_a (id int not null primary key);
create table depth_b (id int not null primary key);
create table depth_c (id int not null primary key);
create function depth_a_tf() returns trigger
language plpgsql as $$
begin
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
insert into depth_b values (new.id);
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger depth_a_tr before insert on depth_a
for each row execute procedure depth_a_tf();
create function depth_b_tf() returns trigger
language plpgsql as $$
begin
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
begin
execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
exception
when sqlstate 'U9999' then
raise notice 'SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = %', pg_trigger_depth();
end;
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
if new.id = 1 then
execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
end if;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger depth_b_tr before insert on depth_b
for each row execute procedure depth_b_tf();
create function depth_c_tf() returns trigger
language plpgsql as $$
begin
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
if new.id = 1 then
raise exception sqlstate 'U9999';
end if;
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger depth_c_tr before insert on depth_c
for each row execute procedure depth_c_tf();
select pg_trigger_depth();
insert into depth_a values (1);
select pg_trigger_depth();
insert into depth_a values (2);
select pg_trigger_depth();
drop table depth_a, depth_b, depth_c;
drop function depth_a_tf();
drop function depth_b_tf();
drop function depth_c_tf();
--
-- Test updates to rows during firing of BEFORE ROW triggers.
-- As of 9.2, such cases should be rejected (see bug #6123).
--
create temp table parent (
aid int not null primary key,
val1 text,
val2 text,
val3 text,
val4 text,
bcnt int not null default 0);
create temp table child (
bid int not null primary key,
aid int not null,
val1 text);
create function parent_upd_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
if old.val1 <> new.val1 then
new.val2 = new.val1;
delete from child where child.aid = new.aid and child.val1 = new.val1;
end if;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger parent_upd_trig before update on parent
for each row execute procedure parent_upd_func();
create function parent_del_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
delete from child where aid = old.aid;
return old;
end;
$$;
create trigger parent_del_trig before delete on parent
for each row execute procedure parent_del_func();
create function child_ins_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
update parent set bcnt = bcnt + 1 where aid = new.aid;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger child_ins_trig after insert on child
for each row execute procedure child_ins_func();
create function child_del_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
update parent set bcnt = bcnt - 1 where aid = old.aid;
return old;
end;
$$;
create trigger child_del_trig after delete on child
for each row execute procedure child_del_func();
insert into parent values (1, 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0);
insert into child values (10, 1, 'b');
select * from parent; select * from child;
update parent set val1 = 'b' where aid = 1; -- should fail
select * from parent; select * from child;
delete from parent where aid = 1; -- should fail
select * from parent; select * from child;
-- replace the trigger function with one that restarts the deletion after
-- having modified a child
create or replace function parent_del_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
delete from child where aid = old.aid;
if found then
delete from parent where aid = old.aid;
return null; -- cancel outer deletion
end if;
return old;
end;
$$;
delete from parent where aid = 1;
select * from parent; select * from child;
drop table parent, child;
drop function parent_upd_func();
drop function parent_del_func();
drop function child_ins_func();
drop function child_del_func();
-- similar case, but with a self-referencing FK so that parent and child
-- rows can be affected by a single operation
create temp table self_ref_trigger (
id int primary key,
parent int references self_ref_trigger,
data text,
nchildren int not null default 0
);
create function self_ref_trigger_ins_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
if new.parent is not null then
update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren + 1
where id = new.parent;
end if;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger self_ref_trigger_ins_trig before insert on self_ref_trigger
for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
create function self_ref_trigger_del_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
if old.parent is not null then
update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren - 1
where id = old.parent;
end if;
return old;
end;
$$;
create trigger self_ref_trigger_del_trig before delete on self_ref_trigger
for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_del_func();
insert into self_ref_trigger values (1, null, 'root');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (2, 1, 'root child A');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (3, 1, 'root child B');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (4, 2, 'grandchild 1');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (5, 3, 'grandchild 2');
update self_ref_trigger set data = 'root!' where id = 1;
select * from self_ref_trigger;
delete from self_ref_trigger;
select * from self_ref_trigger;
drop table self_ref_trigger;
drop function self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
drop function self_ref_trigger_del_func();
--
-- Check that statement triggers work correctly even with all children excluded
--
create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd (a int);
create table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 () inherits (stmt_trig_on_empty_upd);
create function update_stmt_notice() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice 'updating %', TG_TABLE_NAME;
return null;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger before_stmt_trigger
before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd
execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
create trigger before_stmt_trigger
before update on stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1
execute procedure update_stmt_notice();
-- inherited no-op update
update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
-- simple no-op update
update stmt_trig_on_empty_upd1 set a = a where false returning a+1 as aa;
drop table stmt_trig_on_empty_upd cascade;
drop function update_stmt_notice();
--
-- Check that index creation (or DDL in general) is prohibited in a trigger
--
create table trigger_ddl_table (
col1 integer,
col2 integer
);
create function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
begin
alter table trigger_ddl_table add primary key (col1);
return new;
end$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger trigger_ddl_func before insert on trigger_ddl_table for each row
execute procedure trigger_ddl_func();
insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42); -- fail
create or replace function trigger_ddl_func() returns trigger as $$
begin
create index on trigger_ddl_table (col2);
return new;
end$$ language plpgsql;
insert into trigger_ddl_table values (1, 42); -- fail
drop table trigger_ddl_table;
drop function trigger_ddl_func();
--
-- Verify behavior of before and after triggers with INSERT...ON CONFLICT
-- DO UPDATE
--
create table upsert (key int4 primary key, color text);
create function upsert_before_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
raise warning 'before update (old): %', old.*::text;
raise warning 'before update (new): %', new.*::text;
elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
raise warning 'before insert (new): %', new.*::text;
if new.key % 2 = 0 then
new.key := new.key + 1;
new.color := new.color || ' trig modified';
raise warning 'before insert (new, modified): %', new.*::text;
end if;
end if;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger upsert_before_trig before insert or update on upsert
for each row execute procedure upsert_before_func();
create function upsert_after_func()
returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
raise warning 'after update (old): %', old.*::text;
raise warning 'after update (new): %', new.*::text;
elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
raise warning 'after insert (new): %', new.*::text;
end if;
return null;
end;
$$;
create trigger upsert_after_trig after insert or update on upsert
for each row execute procedure upsert_after_func();
insert into upsert values(1, 'black') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(2, 'red') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(3, 'orange') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(4, 'green') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(5, 'purple') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(6, 'white') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(7, 'pink') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(8, 'yellow') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
select * from upsert;
drop table upsert;
drop function upsert_before_func();
drop function upsert_after_func();
--
-- Verify that triggers with transition tables are not allowed on
-- views
--
create table my_table (i int);
create view my_view as select * from my_table;
create function my_trigger_function() returns trigger as $$ begin end; $$ language plpgsql;
create trigger my_trigger after update on my_view referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure my_trigger_function();
drop function my_trigger_function();
drop view my_view;
drop table my_table;
--
-- Verify cases that are unsupported with partitioned tables
--
create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
create function trigger_nothing() returns trigger
language plpgsql as $$ begin end; $$;
create trigger failed instead of update on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
create trigger failed after update on parted_trig
referencing old table as old_table
for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
drop table parted_trig;
--
-- Verify trigger creation for partitioned tables, and drop behavior
--
create table trigpart (a int, b int) partition by range (a);
create table trigpart1 partition of trigpart for values from (0) to (1000);
create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
create table trigpart2 partition of trigpart for values from (1000) to (2000);
create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
create table trigpart4 partition of trigpart for values from (3000) to (4000) partition by range (a);
create table trigpart41 partition of trigpart4 for values from (3000) to (3500);
create table trigpart42 (like trigpart);
alter table trigpart4 attach partition trigpart42 for values from (3500) to (4000);
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
drop trigger trg1 on trigpart1; -- fail
drop trigger trg1 on trigpart2; -- fail
drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3; -- fail
drop table trigpart2; -- ok, trigger should be gone in that partition
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
drop trigger trg1 on trigpart; -- ok, all gone
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgfoid::regproc from pg_trigger
where tgrelid::regclass::text like 'trigpart%' order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
-- check detach behavior
create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
\d trigpart3
alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
drop trigger trg1 on trigpart3; -- fail due to "does not exist"
alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart4;
drop trigger trg1 on trigpart41; -- fail due to "does not exist"
drop table trigpart4;
alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
alter table trigpart detach partition trigpart3;
alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
drop table trigpart3;
select tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname, tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled, tgisinternal from pg_trigger
where tgname ~ '^trg1' order by 1;
create table trigpart3 (like trigpart);
create trigger trg1 after insert on trigpart3 for each row execute procedure trigger_nothing();
\d trigpart3
alter table trigpart attach partition trigpart3 FOR VALUES FROM (2000) to (3000); -- fail
drop table trigpart3;
-- check display of unrelated triggers
create trigger samename after delete on trigpart execute function trigger_nothing();
create trigger samename after delete on trigpart1 execute function trigger_nothing();
\d trigpart1
drop table trigpart;
drop function trigger_nothing();
--
-- Verify that triggers are fired for partitioned tables
--
create table parted_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
create table parted_stmt_trig1 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (1);
create table parted_stmt_trig2 partition of parted_stmt_trig for values in (2);
create table parted2_stmt_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
create table parted2_stmt_trig1 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (1);
create table parted2_stmt_trig2 partition of parted2_stmt_trig for values in (2);
create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %', TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL;
if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
return NEW;
end if;
return null;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
create trigger trig_ins_before before insert on parted_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_ins_after after insert on parted_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_before before update on parted_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_after after update on parted_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_before before delete on parted_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_after after delete on parted_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the parent
create trigger trig_ins_after_parent after insert on parted_stmt_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_after_parent after update on parted_stmt_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_after_parent after delete on parted_stmt_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
-- insert/update/delete row-level triggers on the first partition
create trigger trig_ins_before_child before insert on parted_stmt_trig1
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_ins_after_child after insert on parted_stmt_trig1
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_before_child before update on parted_stmt_trig1
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_after_child after update on parted_stmt_trig1
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_before_child before delete on parted_stmt_trig1
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_after_child after delete on parted_stmt_trig1
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
-- insert/update/delete statement-level triggers on the parent
create trigger trig_ins_before_3 before insert on parted2_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_ins_after_3 after insert on parted2_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_before_3 before update on parted2_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_upd_after_3 after update on parted2_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_before_3 before delete on parted2_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger trig_del_after_3 after delete on parted2_stmt_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
with ins (a) as (
insert into parted2_stmt_trig values (1), (2) returning a
) insert into parted_stmt_trig select a from ins returning tableoid::regclass, a;
with upd as (
update parted2_stmt_trig set a = a
) update parted_stmt_trig set a = a;
delete from parted_stmt_trig;
-- insert via copy on the parent
copy parted_stmt_trig(a) from stdin;
1
2
\.
-- insert via copy on the first partition
copy parted_stmt_trig1(a) from stdin;
1
\.
-- Disabling a trigger in the parent table should disable children triggers too
alter table parted_stmt_trig disable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
alter table parted_stmt_trig enable trigger trig_ins_after_parent;
insert into parted_stmt_trig values (1);
drop table parted_stmt_trig, parted2_stmt_trig;
-- Verify that triggers fire in alphabetical order
create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig for values from (0) to (1000)
partition by range (a);
create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
create trigger zzz after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger mmm after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger bbb after insert on parted_trig for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger qqq after insert on parted_trig_1_1 for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
insert into parted_trig values (50), (1500);
drop table parted_trig;
-- Verify that the correct triggers fire for cross-partition updates
create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
create table parted_trig1 partition of parted_trig for values in (1);
create table parted_trig2 partition of parted_trig for values in (2);
insert into parted_trig values (1);
create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %', TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL;
if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
return OLD;
else
return NEW;
end if;
end if;
return null;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger parted_trig_before_stmt before insert or update or delete on parted_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger parted_trig_before_row before insert or update or delete on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger parted_trig_after_row after insert or update or delete on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice();
create trigger parted_trig_after_stmt after insert or update or delete on parted_trig
for each statement execute procedure trigger_notice();
update parted_trig set a = 2 where a = 1;
-- update action in merge should behave the same
merge into parted_trig using (select 1) as ss on true
when matched and a = 2 then update set a = 1;
drop table parted_trig;
-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions
create table parted_trig (a int) partition by list (a);
create table parted_trig1 partition of parted_trig for values in (1);
create or replace function trigger_notice() returns trigger as $$
declare
arg1 text = TG_ARGV[0];
arg2 integer = TG_ARGV[1];
begin
raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for % args % %',
TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, arg1, arg2;
return null;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger aaa after insert on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice('quirky', 1);
-- Verify propagation of trigger arguments to partitions attached after creating trigger
create table parted_trig2 partition of parted_trig for values in (2);
create table parted_trig3 (like parted_trig);
alter table parted_trig attach partition parted_trig3 for values in (3);
insert into parted_trig values (1), (2), (3);
drop table parted_trig;
-- test irregular partitions (i.e., different column definitions),
-- including that the WHEN clause works
create function bark(text) returns bool language plpgsql immutable
as $$ begin raise notice '% <- woof!', $1; return true; end; $$;
create or replace function trigger_notice_ab() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice 'trigger % on % % % for %: (a,b)=(%,%)',
TG_NAME, TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL,
NEW.a, NEW.b;
if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
return NEW;
end if;
return null;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
create table parted_irreg_ancestor (fd text, b text, fd2 int, fd3 int, a int)
partition by range (b);
alter table parted_irreg_ancestor drop column fd,
drop column fd2, drop column fd3;
create table parted_irreg (fd int, a int, fd2 int, b text)
partition by range (b);
alter table parted_irreg drop column fd, drop column fd2;
alter table parted_irreg_ancestor attach partition parted_irreg
for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
create table parted1_irreg (b text, fd int, a int);
alter table parted1_irreg drop column fd;
alter table parted_irreg attach partition parted1_irreg
for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
create trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_irreg
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
create trigger parted_trig_odd after insert on parted_irreg for each row
when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
-- we should hear barking for every insert, but parted_trig_odd only emits
-- noise for odd values of a. parted_trig does it for all inserts.
insert into parted_irreg values (1, 'aardvark'), (2, 'aanimals');
insert into parted1_irreg values ('aardwolf', 2);
insert into parted_irreg_ancestor values ('aasvogel', 3);
drop table parted_irreg_ancestor;
-- Before triggers and partitions
create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list (a);
create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1)
partition by list (b);
create table parted_1_1 partition of parted_1 for values in (1);
create function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
begin
new.a = new.a + 1;
return new;
end;
$$;
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v1'); -- works
create trigger t before insert or update or delete on parted
for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v2'); -- fail
update parted set c = c || 'v3'; -- fail
create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
begin
new.b = new.b + 1;
return new;
end;
$$;
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v4'); -- fail
update parted set c = c || 'v5'; -- fail
create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
begin
new.c = new.c || ' did '|| TG_OP;
return new;
end;
$$;
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno'); -- works
update parted set c = c || ' v6'; -- works
select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
-- update itself moves tuple to new partition; trigger still works
truncate table parted;
create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (2);
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v5');
update parted set a = 2;
select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
-- both trigger and update change the partition
create or replace function parted_trigfunc2() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
begin
new.a = new.a + 1;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger t2 before update on parted
for each row execute function parted_trigfunc2();
truncate table parted;
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'uno uno v6');
create table parted_3 partition of parted for values in (3);
update parted set a = a + 1;
select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
-- there's no partition for a=0, but this update works anyway because
-- the trigger causes the tuple to be routed to another partition
update parted set a = 0;
select tableoid::regclass, * from parted;
drop table parted;
create table parted (a int, b int, c text) partition by list ((a + b));
create or replace function parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
begin
new.a = new.a + new.b;
return new;
end;
$$;
create table parted_1 partition of parted for values in (1, 2);
create table parted_2 partition of parted for values in (3, 4);
create trigger t before insert or update on parted
for each row execute function parted_trigfunc();
insert into parted values (0, 1, 'zero win');
insert into parted values (1, 1, 'one fail');
insert into parted values (1, 2, 'two fail');
select * from parted;
drop table parted;
drop function parted_trigfunc();
--
-- Constraint triggers and partitioned tables
create table parted_constr_ancestor (a int, b text)
partition by range (b);
create table parted_constr (a int, b text)
partition by range (b);
alter table parted_constr_ancestor attach partition parted_constr
for values from ('aaaa') to ('zzzz');
create table parted1_constr (a int, b text);
alter table parted_constr attach partition parted1_constr
for values from ('aaaa') to ('bbbb');
create constraint trigger parted_trig after insert on parted_constr_ancestor
deferrable
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
create constraint trigger parted_trig_two after insert on parted_constr
deferrable initially deferred
for each row when (bark(new.b) AND new.a % 2 = 1)
execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
-- The immediate constraint is fired immediately; the WHEN clause of the
-- deferred constraint is also called immediately. The deferred constraint
-- is fired at commit time.
begin;
insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf');
insert into parted_constr_ancestor values (3, 'aasvogel');
commit;
-- The WHEN clause is immediate, and both constraint triggers are fired at
-- commit time.
begin;
set constraints parted_trig deferred;
insert into parted_constr values (1, 'aardvark');
insert into parted1_constr values (2, 'aardwolf'), (3, 'aasvogel');
commit;
drop table parted_constr_ancestor;
drop function bark(text);
-- Test that the WHEN clause is set properly to partitions
create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
create trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
for each row when (new.a % 2 = 1 and length(old.b) >= 2) execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
insert into parted_trigger values
(0, 'a'), (1, 'bbb'), (2, 'bcd'), (3, 'c'),
(1000, 'c'), (1001, 'ddd'), (1002, 'efg'), (1003, 'f'),
(2000, 'e'), (2001, 'fff'), (2002, 'ghi'), (2003, 'h');
update parted_trigger set a = a + 2; -- notice for odd 'a' values, long 'b' values
drop table parted_trigger;
-- try a constraint trigger, also
create table parted_referenced (a int);
create table unparted_trigger (a int, b text); -- for comparison purposes
create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on parted_trigger
from parted_referenced
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
create constraint trigger parted_trigger after update on unparted_trigger
from parted_referenced
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (3);
create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (3) to (5);
alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
select tgname, conname, t.tgrelid::regclass, t.tgconstrrelid::regclass,
c.conrelid::regclass, c.confrelid::regclass
from pg_trigger t join pg_constraint c on (t.tgconstraint = c.oid)
where tgname = 'parted_trigger'
order by t.tgrelid::regclass::text;
drop table parted_referenced, parted_trigger, unparted_trigger;
-- verify that the "AFTER UPDATE OF columns" event is propagated correctly
create table parted_trigger (a int, b text) partition by range (a);
create table parted_trigger_1 partition of parted_trigger for values from (0) to (1000);
create table parted_trigger_2 (drp int, a int, b text);
alter table parted_trigger_2 drop column drp;
alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_2 for values from (1000) to (2000);
create trigger parted_trigger after update of b on parted_trigger
for each row execute procedure trigger_notice_ab();
create table parted_trigger_3 (b text, a int) partition by range (length(b));
create table parted_trigger_3_1 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (1) to (4);
create table parted_trigger_3_2 partition of parted_trigger_3 for values from (4) to (8);
alter table parted_trigger attach partition parted_trigger_3 for values from (2000) to (3000);
insert into parted_trigger values (0, 'a'), (1000, 'c'), (2000, 'e'), (2001, 'eeee');
update parted_trigger set a = a + 2; -- no notices here
update parted_trigger set b = b || 'b'; -- all triggers should fire
drop table parted_trigger;
drop function trigger_notice_ab();
-- Make sure we don't end up with unnecessary copies of triggers, when
-- cloning them.
create table trg_clone (a int) partition by range (a);
create table trg_clone1 partition of trg_clone for values from (0) to (1000);
alter table trg_clone add constraint uniq unique (a) deferrable;
create table trg_clone2 partition of trg_clone for values from (1000) to (2000);
create table trg_clone3 partition of trg_clone for values from (2000) to (3000)
partition by range (a);
create table trg_clone_3_3 partition of trg_clone3 for values from (2000) to (2100);
select tgrelid::regclass, count(*) from pg_trigger
where tgrelid::regclass in ('trg_clone', 'trg_clone1', 'trg_clone2',
'trg_clone3', 'trg_clone_3_3')
group by tgrelid::regclass order by tgrelid::regclass;
drop table trg_clone;
-- Test the interaction between ALTER TABLE .. DISABLE TRIGGER and
-- both kinds of inheritance. Historically, legacy inheritance has
-- not recursed to children, so that behavior is preserved.
create table parent (a int);
create table child1 () inherits (parent);
create function trig_nothing() returns trigger language plpgsql
as $$ begin return null; end $$;
create trigger tg after insert on parent
for each row execute function trig_nothing();
create trigger tg after insert on child1
for each row execute function trig_nothing();
alter table parent disable trigger tg;
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
alter table only parent enable always trigger tg;
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text;
drop table parent, child1;
create table parent (a int) partition by list (a);
create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
create trigger tg after insert on parent
for each row execute procedure trig_nothing();
create trigger tg_stmt after insert on parent
for statement execute procedure trig_nothing();
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
alter table only parent enable always trigger tg; -- no recursion because ONLY
alter table parent enable always trigger tg_stmt; -- no recursion because statement trigger
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
-- The following is a no-op for the parent trigger but not so
-- for the child trigger, so recursion should be applied.
alter table parent enable always trigger tg;
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
-- This variant malfunctioned in some releases.
alter table parent disable trigger user;
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname, tgenabled from pg_trigger
where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgname;
drop table parent, child1;
-- Check processing of foreign key triggers
create table parent (a int primary key, f int references parent)
partition by list (a);
create table child1 partition of parent for values in (1);
select tgrelid::regclass, rtrim(tgname, '0123456789') as tgname,
tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled
from pg_trigger where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgfoid;
alter table parent disable trigger all;
select tgrelid::regclass, rtrim(tgname, '0123456789') as tgname,
tgfoid::regproc, tgenabled
from pg_trigger where tgrelid in ('parent'::regclass, 'child1'::regclass)
order by tgrelid::regclass::text, tgfoid;
drop table parent, child1;
-- Verify that firing state propagates correctly on creation, too
CREATE TABLE trgfire (i int) PARTITION BY RANGE (i);
CREATE TABLE trgfire1 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO (10);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tgf() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$ begin raise exception 'except'; end $$;
CREATE TRIGGER tg AFTER INSERT ON trgfire FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION tgf();
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
ALTER TABLE trgfire DISABLE TRIGGER tg;
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
CREATE TABLE trgfire2 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
CREATE TABLE trgfire3 (LIKE trgfire);
ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire3 FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
CREATE TABLE trgfire4 PARTITION OF trgfire FOR VALUES FROM (30) TO (40) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
CREATE TABLE trgfire4_30 PARTITION OF trgfire4 FOR VALUES IN (30);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
CREATE TABLE trgfire5 (LIKE trgfire) PARTITION BY LIST (i);
CREATE TABLE trgfire5_40 PARTITION OF trgfire5 FOR VALUES IN (40);
ALTER TABLE trgfire ATTACH PARTITION trgfire5 FOR VALUES FROM (40) TO (50);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
SELECT tgrelid::regclass, tgenabled FROM pg_trigger
WHERE tgrelid::regclass IN (SELECT oid from pg_class where relname LIKE 'trgfire%')
ORDER BY tgrelid::regclass::text;
ALTER TABLE trgfire ENABLE TRIGGER tg;
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (1);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (11);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (21);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (30);
INSERT INTO trgfire VALUES (40);
DROP TABLE trgfire;
DROP FUNCTION tgf();
--
-- Test the interaction between transition tables and both kinds of
-- inheritance. We'll dump the contents of the transition tables in a
-- format that shows the attribute order, so that we can distinguish
-- tuple formats (though not dropped attributes).
--
create or replace function dump_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
TG_NAME,
(select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
return null;
end;
$$;
create or replace function dump_update() returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %, new table = %',
TG_NAME,
(select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table),
(select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by a) from new_table);
return null;
end;
$$;
create or replace function dump_delete() returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
raise notice 'trigger = %, old table = %',
TG_NAME,
(select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by a) from old_table);
return null;
end;
$$;
--
-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on partition hierarchy with
-- transition tables. Tuples should appear to each trigger in the
-- format of the relation the trigger is attached to.
--
-- set up a partition hierarchy with some different TupleDescriptors
create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
-- a child matching parent
create table child1 partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
-- a child with a dropped column
create table child2 (x int, a text, b int);
alter table child2 drop column x;
alter table parent attach partition child2 for values in ('BBB');
-- a child with a different column order
create table child3 (b int, a text);
alter table parent attach partition child3 for values in ('CCC');
create trigger parent_insert_trig
after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger parent_update_trig
after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger parent_delete_trig
after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger child1_insert_trig
after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger child1_update_trig
after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger child1_delete_trig
after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger child2_insert_trig
after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger child2_update_trig
after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger child2_delete_trig
after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger child3_insert_trig
after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger child3_update_trig
after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger child3_delete_trig
after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
SELECT trigger_name, event_manipulation, event_object_schema, event_object_table,
action_order, action_condition, action_orientation, action_timing,
action_reference_old_table, action_reference_new_table
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE event_object_table IN ('parent', 'child1', 'child2', 'child3')
ORDER BY trigger_name COLLATE "C", 2;
-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
insert into child2 values ('BBB', 42);
insert into child3 values (42, 'CCC');
-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
update parent set b = b + 1;
-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
delete from parent;
-- insert into parent sees parent-format tuples
insert into parent values ('AAA', 42);
insert into parent values ('BBB', 42);
insert into parent values ('CCC', 42);
-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
delete from child1;
delete from child2;
delete from child3;
-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples
copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
AAA 42
BBB 42
CCC 42
\.
-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
delete from parent;
-- copy into parent sees tuples collected from children even if there
-- is no transition-table trigger on the children
copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
AAA 42
BBB 42
CCC 42
\.
-- insert into parent with a before trigger on a child tuple before
-- insertion, and we capture the newly modified row in parent format
create or replace function intercept_insert() returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
new.b = new.b + 1000;
return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger intercept_insert_child3
before insert on child3
for each row execute procedure intercept_insert();
-- insert, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
insert into parent values ('AAA', 42), ('BBB', 42), ('CCC', 66);
-- copy, parent trigger sees post-modification parent-format tuple
copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
AAA 42
BBB 42
CCC 234
\.
drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
drop function intercept_insert();
--
-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
-- partitions
--
create table parent (a text, b int) partition by list (a);
create table child partition of parent for values in ('AAA');
-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
create trigger child_row_trig
after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
-- detaching it first works
alter table parent detach partition child;
create trigger child_row_trig
after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
-- but now we're not allowed to reattach it
alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to attach it again
drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
alter table parent attach partition child for values in ('AAA');
drop table child, parent;
--
-- Verify behavior of statement triggers on (non-partition)
-- inheritance hierarchy with transition tables; similar to the
-- partition case, except there is no rerouting on insertion and child
-- tables can have extra columns
--
-- set up inheritance hierarchy with different TupleDescriptors
create table parent (a text, b int);
-- a child matching parent
create table child1 () inherits (parent);
-- a child with a different column order
create table child2 (b int, a text);
alter table child2 inherit parent;
-- a child with an extra column
create table child3 (c text) inherits (parent);
create trigger parent_insert_trig
after insert on parent referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger parent_update_trig
after update on parent referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger parent_delete_trig
after delete on parent referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger child1_insert_trig
after insert on child1 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger child1_update_trig
after update on child1 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger child1_delete_trig
after delete on child1 referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger child2_insert_trig
after insert on child2 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger child2_update_trig
after update on child2 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger child2_delete_trig
after delete on child2 referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger child3_insert_trig
after insert on child3 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger child3_update_trig
after update on child3 referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger child3_delete_trig
after delete on child3 referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
-- insert directly into children sees respective child-format tuples
insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
-- update via parent sees parent-format tuples
update parent set b = b + 1;
-- delete via parent sees parent-format tuples
delete from parent;
-- reinsert values into children for next test...
insert into child1 values ('AAA', 42);
insert into child2 values (42, 'BBB');
insert into child3 values ('CCC', 42, 'foo');
-- delete from children sees respective child-format tuples
delete from child1;
delete from child2;
delete from child3;
-- copy into parent sees parent-format tuples (no rerouting, so these
-- are really inserted into the parent)
copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
AAA 42
BBB 42
CCC 42
\.
-- same behavior for copy if there is an index (interesting because rows are
-- captured by a different code path in copyfrom.c if there are indexes)
create index on parent(b);
copy parent (a, b) from stdin;
DDD 42
\.
-- DML affecting parent sees tuples collected from children even if
-- there is no transition table trigger on the children
drop trigger child1_insert_trig on child1;
drop trigger child1_update_trig on child1;
drop trigger child1_delete_trig on child1;
drop trigger child2_insert_trig on child2;
drop trigger child2_update_trig on child2;
drop trigger child2_delete_trig on child2;
drop trigger child3_insert_trig on child3;
drop trigger child3_update_trig on child3;
drop trigger child3_delete_trig on child3;
delete from parent;
drop table child1, child2, child3, parent;
--
-- Verify prohibition of row triggers with transition triggers on
-- inheritance children
--
create table parent (a text, b int);
create table child () inherits (parent);
-- adding row trigger with transition table fails
create trigger child_row_trig
after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
-- disinheriting it first works
alter table child no inherit parent;
create trigger child_row_trig
after insert on child referencing new table as new_table
for each row execute procedure dump_insert();
-- but now we're not allowed to make it inherit anymore
alter table child inherit parent;
-- drop the trigger, and now we're allowed to make it inherit again
drop trigger child_row_trig on child;
alter table child inherit parent;
drop table child, parent;
--
-- Verify behavior of queries with wCTEs, where multiple transition
-- tuplestores can be active at the same time because there are
-- multiple DML statements that might fire triggers with transition
-- tables
--
create table table1 (a int);
create table table2 (a text);
create trigger table1_trig
after insert on table1 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger table2_trig
after insert on table2 referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
with wcte as (insert into table1 values (42))
insert into table2 values ('hello world');
with wcte as (insert into table1 values (43))
insert into table1 values (44);
select * from table1;
select * from table2;
drop table table1;
drop table table2;
--
-- Verify behavior of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE ... with
-- transition tables.
--
create table my_table (a int primary key, b text);
create trigger my_table_insert_trig
after insert on my_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger my_table_update_trig
after update on my_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
-- inserts only
insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
on conflict (a) do
update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
-- mixture of inserts and updates
insert into my_table values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
on conflict (a) do
update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
-- updates only
insert into my_table values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
on conflict (a) do
update set b = my_table.b || ':' || excluded.b;
--
-- now using a partitioned table
--
create table iocdu_tt_parted (a int primary key, b text) partition by list (a);
create table iocdu_tt_parted1 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (1);
create table iocdu_tt_parted2 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (2);
create table iocdu_tt_parted3 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (3);
create table iocdu_tt_parted4 partition of iocdu_tt_parted for values in (4);
create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_insert_trig
after insert on iocdu_tt_parted referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger iocdu_tt_parted_update_trig
after update on iocdu_tt_parted referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
-- inserts only
insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB')
on conflict (a) do
update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
-- mixture of inserts and updates
insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (1, 'AAA'), (2, 'BBB'), (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
on conflict (a) do
update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
-- updates only
insert into iocdu_tt_parted values (3, 'CCC'), (4, 'DDD')
on conflict (a) do
update set b = iocdu_tt_parted.b || ':' || excluded.b;
drop table iocdu_tt_parted;
--
-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables for
-- more than one event.
--
create trigger my_table_multievent_trig
after insert or update on my_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
--
-- Verify that you can't create a trigger with transition tables with
-- a column list.
--
create trigger my_table_col_update_trig
after update of b on my_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
drop table my_table;
--
-- Test firing of triggers with transition tables by foreign key cascades
--
create table refd_table (a int primary key, b text);
create table trig_table (a int, b text,
foreign key (a) references refd_table on update cascade on delete cascade
);
create trigger trig_table_before_trig
before insert or update or delete on trig_table
for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('trig_table');
create trigger trig_table_insert_trig
after insert on trig_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger trig_table_update_trig
after update on trig_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger trig_table_delete_trig
after delete on trig_table referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
insert into refd_table values
(1, 'one'),
(2, 'two'),
(3, 'three');
insert into trig_table values
(1, 'one a'),
(1, 'one b'),
(2, 'two a'),
(2, 'two b'),
(3, 'three a'),
(3, 'three b');
update refd_table set a = 11 where b = 'one';
select * from trig_table;
delete from refd_table where length(b) = 3;
select * from trig_table;
drop table refd_table, trig_table;
--
-- self-referential FKs are even more fun
--
create table self_ref (a int primary key,
b int references self_ref(a) on delete cascade);
create trigger self_ref_before_trig
before delete on self_ref
for each statement execute procedure trigger_func('self_ref');
create trigger self_ref_r_trig
after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
for each row execute procedure dump_delete();
create trigger self_ref_s_trig
after delete on self_ref referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2);
delete from self_ref where a = 1;
-- without AR trigger, cascaded deletes all end up in one transition table
drop trigger self_ref_r_trig on self_ref;
insert into self_ref values (1, null), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3);
delete from self_ref where a = 1;
drop table self_ref;
--
-- test transition tables with MERGE
--
create table merge_target_table (a int primary key, b text);
create trigger merge_target_table_insert_trig
after insert on merge_target_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger merge_target_table_update_trig
after update on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger merge_target_table_delete_trig
after delete on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create table merge_source_table (a int, b text);
insert into merge_source_table
values (1, 'initial1'), (2, 'initial2'),
(3, 'initial3'), (4, 'initial4');
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when matched and s.a <= 2 then
update set b = t.b || ' updated by merge'
when matched and s.a > 2 then
delete
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when matched and s.a <= 2 then
update set b = t.b || ' updated again by merge'
when matched and s.a > 2 then
delete
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
drop table merge_source_table, merge_target_table;
-- cleanup
drop function dump_insert();
drop function dump_update();
drop function dump_delete();
--
-- Tests for CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER
--
create table my_table (id integer);
create function funcA() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice 'hello from funcA';
return null;
end; $$ language plpgsql;
create function funcB() returns trigger as $$
begin
raise notice 'hello from funcB';
return null;
end; $$ language plpgsql;
create trigger my_trig
after insert on my_table
for each row execute procedure funcA();
create trigger my_trig
before insert on my_table
for each row execute procedure funcB(); -- should fail
insert into my_table values (1);
create or replace trigger my_trig
before insert on my_table
for each row execute procedure funcB(); -- OK
insert into my_table values (2); -- this insert should become a no-op
table my_table;
drop table my_table;
-- test CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER on partition table
create table parted_trig (a int) partition by range (a);
create table parted_trig_1 partition of parted_trig
for values from (0) to (1000) partition by range (a);
create table parted_trig_1_1 partition of parted_trig_1 for values from (0) to (100);
create table parted_trig_2 partition of parted_trig for values from (1000) to (2000);
create table default_parted_trig partition of parted_trig default;
-- test that trigger can be replaced by another one
-- at the same level of partition table
create or replace trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure funcA();
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
create or replace trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure funcB();
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
-- test that child trigger cannot be replaced directly
create or replace trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure funcA();
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
create or replace trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig_1
for each row execute procedure funcB(); -- should fail
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
drop trigger my_trig on parted_trig;
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
-- test that user trigger can be overwritten by one defined at upper level
create trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig_1
for each row execute procedure funcA();
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
create trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure funcB(); -- should fail
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
create or replace trigger my_trig
after insert on parted_trig
for each row execute procedure funcB();
insert into parted_trig (a) values (50);
-- cleanup
drop table parted_trig;
drop function funcA();
drop function funcB();
-- Leave around some objects for other tests
create table trigger_parted (a int primary key) partition by list (a);
create function trigger_parted_trigfunc() returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$ begin end; $$;
create trigger aft_row after insert or update on trigger_parted
for each row execute function trigger_parted_trigfunc();
create table trigger_parted_p1 partition of trigger_parted for values in (1)
partition by list (a);
create table trigger_parted_p1_1 partition of trigger_parted_p1 for values in (1);
create table trigger_parted_p2 partition of trigger_parted for values in (2)
partition by list (a);
create table trigger_parted_p2_2 partition of trigger_parted_p2 for values in (2);
alter table only trigger_parted_p2 disable trigger aft_row;
alter table trigger_parted_p2_2 enable always trigger aft_row;
-- verify transition table conversion slot's lifetime
-- https://postgr.es/m/39a71864-b120-5a5c-8cc5-c632b6f16761@amazon.com
create table convslot_test_parent (col1 text primary key);
create table convslot_test_child (col1 text primary key,
foreign key (col1) references convslot_test_parent(col1) on delete cascade on update cascade
);
alter table convslot_test_child add column col2 text not null default 'tutu';
insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('1');
insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('1');
insert into convslot_test_parent(col1) values ('3');
insert into convslot_test_child(col1) values ('3');
create function convslot_trig1()
returns trigger
language plpgsql
AS $$
begin
raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %',
TG_NAME,
(select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table);
return null;
end; $$;
create function convslot_trig2()
returns trigger
language plpgsql
AS $$
begin
raise notice 'trigger = %, new table = %',
TG_NAME,
(select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
return null;
end; $$;
create trigger but_trigger after update on convslot_test_child
referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute function convslot_trig2();
update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
create function convslot_trig3()
returns trigger
language plpgsql
AS $$
begin
raise notice 'trigger = %, old_table = %, new table = %',
TG_NAME,
(select string_agg(old_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from old_table),
(select string_agg(new_table::text, ', ' order by col1) from new_table);
return null;
end; $$;
create trigger but_trigger2 after update on convslot_test_child
referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute function convslot_trig3();
update convslot_test_parent set col1 = col1 || '1';
create trigger bdt_trigger after delete on convslot_test_child
referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute function convslot_trig1();
delete from convslot_test_parent;
drop table convslot_test_child, convslot_test_parent;
drop function convslot_trig1();
drop function convslot_trig2();
drop function convslot_trig3();
-- Bug #17607: variant of above in which trigger function raises an error;
-- we don't see any ill effects unless trigger tuple requires mapping
create table convslot_test_parent (id int primary key, val int)
partition by range (id);
create table convslot_test_part (val int, id int not null);
alter table convslot_test_parent
attach partition convslot_test_part for values from (1) to (1000);
create function convslot_trig4() returns trigger as
$$begin raise exception 'BOOM!'; end$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger convslot_test_parent_update
after update on convslot_test_parent
referencing old table as old_rows new table as new_rows
for each statement execute procedure convslot_trig4();
insert into convslot_test_parent (id, val) values (1, 2);
begin;
savepoint svp;
update convslot_test_parent set val = 3; -- error expected
rollback to savepoint svp;
rollback;
drop table convslot_test_parent;
drop function convslot_trig4();
-- Test trigger renaming on partitioned tables
create table grandparent (id int, primary key (id)) partition by range (id);
create table middle partition of grandparent for values from (1) to (10)
partition by range (id);
create table chi partition of middle for values from (1) to (5);
create table cho partition of middle for values from (6) to (10);
create function f () returns trigger as
$$ begin return new; end; $$
language plpgsql;
create trigger a after insert on grandparent
for each row execute procedure f();
alter trigger a on grandparent rename to b;
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname,
(select tgname from pg_trigger tr where tr.oid = pg_trigger.tgparentid) parent_tgname
from pg_trigger where tgrelid in (select relid from pg_partition_tree('grandparent'))
order by tgname, tgrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
alter trigger a on only grandparent rename to b; -- ONLY not supported
alter trigger b on middle rename to c; -- can't rename trigger on partition
create trigger c after insert on middle
for each row execute procedure f();
alter trigger b on grandparent rename to c;
-- Rename cascading does not affect statement triggers
create trigger p after insert on grandparent for each statement execute function f();
create trigger p after insert on middle for each statement execute function f();
alter trigger p on grandparent rename to q;
select tgrelid::regclass, tgname,
(select tgname from pg_trigger tr where tr.oid = pg_trigger.tgparentid) parent_tgname
from pg_trigger where tgrelid in (select relid from pg_partition_tree('grandparent'))
order by tgname, tgrelid::regclass::text COLLATE "C";
drop table grandparent;
-- Trigger renaming does not recurse on legacy inheritance
create table parent (a int);
create table child () inherits (parent);
create trigger parenttrig after insert on parent
for each row execute procedure f();
create trigger parenttrig after insert on child
for each row execute procedure f();
alter trigger parenttrig on parent rename to anothertrig;
\d+ child
drop table parent, child;
drop function f();
|