Adding upstream version 3.6.2.upstream/3.6.2

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

21 files changed, 1956 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/__init__.py b/pre_commit/languages/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/__init__.py
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/conda.py b/pre_commit/languages/conda.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80b3e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/conda.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import SubstitutionT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import UNSET
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'conda'
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def get_env_patch(env: str) -> PatchesT:
+    # On non-windows systems executable live in $CONDA_PREFIX/bin, on Windows
+    # they can be in $CONDA_PREFIX/bin, $CONDA_PREFIX/Library/bin,
+    # $CONDA_PREFIX/Scripts and $CONDA_PREFIX. Whereas the latter only
+    # seems to be used for python.exe.
+    path: SubstitutionT = (os.path.join(env, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':  # pragma: win32 cover
+        path = (env, os.pathsep, *path)
+        path = (os.path.join(env, 'Scripts'), os.pathsep, *path)
+        path = (os.path.join(env, 'Library', 'bin'), os.pathsep, *path)
+
+    return (
+        ('PYTHONHOME', UNSET),
+        ('VIRTUAL_ENV', UNSET),
+        ('CONDA_PREFIX', env),
+        ('PATH', path),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def _conda_exe() -> str:
+    if os.environ.get('PRE_COMMIT_USE_MICROMAMBA'):
+        return 'micromamba'
+    elif os.environ.get('PRE_COMMIT_USE_MAMBA'):
+        return 'mamba'
+    else:
+        return 'conda'
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('conda', version)
+
+    conda_exe = _conda_exe()
+
+    env_dir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    cmd_output_b(
+        conda_exe, 'env', 'create', '-p', env_dir, '--file',
+        'environment.yml', cwd=prefix.prefix_dir,
+    )
+    if additional_dependencies:
+        cmd_output_b(
+            conda_exe, 'install', '-p', env_dir, *additional_dependencies,
+            cwd=prefix.prefix_dir,
+        )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/coursier.py b/pre_commit/languages/coursier.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6558bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/coursier.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os.path
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.errors import FatalError
+from pre_commit.parse_shebang import find_executable
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'coursier'
+
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('coursier', version)
+
+    # Support both possible executable names (either "cs" or "coursier")
+    cs = find_executable('cs') or find_executable('coursier')
+    if cs is None:
+        raise AssertionError(
+            'pre-commit requires system-installed "cs" or "coursier" '
+            'executables in the application search path',
+        )
+
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    def _install(*opts: str) -> None:
+        assert cs is not None
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, (cs, 'fetch', *opts))
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, (cs, 'install', '--dir', envdir, *opts))
+
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        channel = prefix.path('.pre-commit-channel')
+        if os.path.isdir(channel):
+            for app_descriptor in os.listdir(channel):
+                _, app_file = os.path.split(app_descriptor)
+                app, _ = os.path.splitext(app_file)
+                _install(
+                    '--default-channels=false',
+                    '--channel', channel,
+                    app,
+                )
+        elif not additional_dependencies:
+            raise FatalError(
+                'expected .pre-commit-channel dir or additional_dependencies',
+            )
+
+        if additional_dependencies:
+            _install(*additional_dependencies)
+
+
+def get_env_patch(target_dir: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('PATH', (target_dir, os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+        ('COURSIER_CACHE', os.path.join(target_dir, '.cs-cache')),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/dart.py b/pre_commit/languages/dart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..129ac59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/dart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import win_exe
+from pre_commit.yaml import yaml_load
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'dartenv'
+
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('PATH', (os.path.join(venv, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('dart', version)
+
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    bin_dir = os.path.join(envdir, 'bin')
+
+    def _install_dir(prefix_p: Prefix, pub_cache: str) -> None:
+        dart_env = {**os.environ, 'PUB_CACHE': pub_cache}
+
+        with open(prefix_p.path('pubspec.yaml')) as f:
+            pubspec_contents = yaml_load(f)
+
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix_p, ('dart', 'pub', 'get'), env=dart_env)
+
+        for executable in pubspec_contents['executables']:
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(
+                prefix_p,
+                (
+                    'dart', 'compile', 'exe',
+                    '--output', os.path.join(bin_dir, win_exe(executable)),
+                    prefix_p.path('bin', f'{executable}.dart'),
+                ),
+                env=dart_env,
+            )
+
+    os.makedirs(bin_dir)
+
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+        _install_dir(prefix, tmp)
+
+    for dep_s in additional_dependencies:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as dep_tmp:
+            dep, _, version = dep_s.partition(':')
+            if version:
+                dep_cmd: tuple[str, ...] = (dep, '--version', version)
+            else:
+                dep_cmd = (dep,)
+
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(
+                prefix,
+                ('dart', 'pub', 'cache', 'add', *dep_cmd),
+                env={**os.environ, 'PUB_CACHE': dep_tmp},
+            )
+
+            # try and find the 'pubspec.yaml' that just got added
+            for root, _, filenames in os.walk(dep_tmp):
+                if 'pubspec.yaml' in filenames:
+                    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as copied:
+                        pkg = os.path.join(copied, 'pkg')
+                        shutil.copytree(root, pkg)
+                        _install_dir(Prefix(pkg), dep_tmp)
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f'could not find pubspec.yaml for {dep_s}',
+                )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/docker.py b/pre_commit/languages/docker.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2632851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/docker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import json
+import os
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import CalledProcessError
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'docker'
+PRE_COMMIT_LABEL = 'PRE_COMMIT'
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+in_env = lang_base.no_env  # no special environment for docker
+
+
+def _is_in_docker() -> bool:
+    try:
+        with open('/proc/1/cgroup', 'rb') as f:
+            return b'docker' in f.read()
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _get_container_id() -> str:
+    # It's assumed that we already check /proc/1/cgroup in _is_in_docker. The
+    # cpuset cgroup controller existed since cgroups were introduced so this
+    # way of getting the container ID is pretty reliable.
+    with open('/proc/1/cgroup', 'rb') as f:
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if line.split(b':')[1] == b'cpuset':
+                return os.path.basename(line.split(b':')[2]).strip().decode()
+    raise RuntimeError('Failed to find the container ID in /proc/1/cgroup.')
+
+
+def _get_docker_path(path: str) -> str:
+    if not _is_in_docker():
+        return path
+
+    container_id = _get_container_id()
+
+    try:
+        _, out, _ = cmd_output_b('docker', 'inspect', container_id)
+    except CalledProcessError:
+        # self-container was not visible from here (perhaps docker-in-docker)
+        return path
+
+    container, = json.loads(out)
+    for mount in container['Mounts']:
+        src_path = mount['Source']
+        to_path = mount['Destination']
+        if os.path.commonpath((path, to_path)) == to_path:
+            # So there is something in common,
+            # and we can proceed remapping it
+            return path.replace(to_path, src_path)
+    # we're in Docker, but the path is not mounted, cannot really do anything,
+    # so fall back to original path
+    return path
+
+
+def md5(s: str) -> str:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    return hashlib.md5(s.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def docker_tag(prefix: Prefix) -> str:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    md5sum = md5(os.path.basename(prefix.prefix_dir)).lower()
+    return f'pre-commit-{md5sum}'
+
+
+def build_docker_image(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        *,
+        pull: bool,
+) -> None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    cmd: tuple[str, ...] = (
+        'docker', 'build',
+        '--tag', docker_tag(prefix),
+        '--label', PRE_COMMIT_LABEL,
+    )
+    if pull:
+        cmd += ('--pull',)
+    # This must come last for old versions of docker.  See #477
+    cmd += ('.',)
+    lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, cmd)
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix, version: str, additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('docker', version)
+    lang_base.assert_no_additional_deps('docker', additional_dependencies)
+
+    directory = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    # Docker doesn't really have relevant disk environment, but pre-commit
+    # still needs to cleanup its state files on failure
+    build_docker_image(prefix, pull=True)
+    os.mkdir(directory)
+
+
+def get_docker_user() -> tuple[str, ...]:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    try:
+        return ('-u', f'{os.getuid()}:{os.getgid()}')
+    except AttributeError:
+        return ()
+
+
+def docker_cmd() -> tuple[str, ...]:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    return (
+        'docker', 'run',
+        '--rm',
+        *get_docker_user(),
+        # https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/#mount-volumes-from-container-volumes-from
+        # The `Z` option tells Docker to label the content with a private
+        # unshared label. Only the current container can use a private volume.
+        '-v', f'{_get_docker_path(os.getcwd())}:/src:rw,Z',
+        '--workdir', '/src',
+    )
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+        require_serial: bool,
+        color: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    # Rebuild the docker image in case it has gone missing, as many people do
+    # automated cleanup of docker images.
+    build_docker_image(prefix, pull=False)
+
+    entry_exe, *cmd_rest = lang_base.hook_cmd(entry, args)
+
+    entry_tag = ('--entrypoint', entry_exe, docker_tag(prefix))
+    return lang_base.run_xargs(
+        (*docker_cmd(), *entry_tag, *cmd_rest),
+        file_args,
+        require_serial=require_serial,
+        color=color,
+    )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/docker_image.py b/pre_commit/languages/docker_image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1a2c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/docker_image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.languages.docker import docker_cmd
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = None
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+install_environment = lang_base.no_install
+in_env = lang_base.no_env
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+        require_serial: bool,
+        color: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    cmd = docker_cmd() + lang_base.hook_cmd(entry, args)
+    return lang_base.run_xargs(
+        cmd,
+        file_args,
+        require_serial=require_serial,
+        color=color,
+    )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/dotnet.py b/pre_commit/languages/dotnet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1202c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/dotnet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os.path
+import re
+import tempfile
+import xml.etree.ElementTree
+import zipfile
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'dotnetenv'
+BIN_DIR = 'bin'
+
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('PATH', (os.path.join(venv, BIN_DIR), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _nuget_config_no_sources() -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        nuget_config = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'nuget.config')
+        with open(nuget_config, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(
+                '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>'
+                '<configuration>'
+                '  <packageSources>'
+                '    <clear />'
+                '  </packageSources>'
+                '</configuration>',
+            )
+        yield nuget_config
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('dotnet', version)
+    lang_base.assert_no_additional_deps('dotnet', additional_dependencies)
+
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    build_dir = prefix.path('pre-commit-build')
+
+    # Build & pack nupkg file
+    lang_base.setup_cmd(
+        prefix,
+        (
+            'dotnet', 'pack',
+            '--configuration', 'Release',
+            '--property', f'PackageOutputPath={build_dir}',
+        ),
+    )
+
+    nupkg_dir = prefix.path(build_dir)
+    nupkgs = [x for x in os.listdir(nupkg_dir) if x.endswith('.nupkg')]
+
+    if not nupkgs:
+        raise AssertionError('could not find any build outputs to install')
+
+    for nupkg in nupkgs:
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(nupkg_dir, nupkg)) as f:
+            nuspec, = (x for x in f.namelist() if x.endswith('.nuspec'))
+            with f.open(nuspec) as spec:
+                tree = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse(spec)
+
+        namespace = re.match(r'{.*}', tree.getroot().tag)
+        if not namespace:
+            raise AssertionError('could not parse namespace from nuspec')
+
+        tool_id_element = tree.find(f'.//{namespace[0]}id')
+        if tool_id_element is None:
+            raise AssertionError('expected to find an "id" element')
+
+        tool_id = tool_id_element.text
+        if not tool_id:
+            raise AssertionError('"id" element missing tool name')
+
+        # Install to bin dir
+        with _nuget_config_no_sources() as nuget_config:
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(
+                prefix,
+                (
+                    'dotnet', 'tool', 'install',
+                    '--configfile', nuget_config,
+                    '--tool-path', os.path.join(envdir, BIN_DIR),
+                    '--add-source', build_dir,
+                    tool_id,
+                ),
+            )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/fail.py b/pre_commit/languages/fail.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ac4d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/fail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = None
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+install_environment = lang_base.no_install
+in_env = lang_base.no_env
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+        require_serial: bool,
+        color: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:
+    out = f'{entry}\n\n'.encode()
+    out += b'\n'.join(f.encode() for f in file_args) + b'\n'
+    return 1, out
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/golang.py b/pre_commit/languages/golang.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66e07cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/golang.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import json
+import os.path
+import platform
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.request
+import zipfile
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import ContextManager
+from typing import IO
+from typing import Protocol
+
+import pre_commit.constants as C
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.git import no_git_env
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output
+from pre_commit.util import rmtree
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'golangenv'
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+_ARCH_ALIASES = {
+    'x86_64': 'amd64',
+    'i386': '386',
+    'aarch64': 'arm64',
+    'armv8': 'arm64',
+    'armv7l': 'armv6l',
+}
+_ARCH = platform.machine().lower()
+_ARCH = _ARCH_ALIASES.get(_ARCH, _ARCH)
+
+
+class ExtractAll(Protocol):
+    def extractall(self, path: str) -> None: ...
+
+
+if sys.platform == 'win32':  # pragma: win32 cover
+    _EXT = 'zip'
+
+    def _open_archive(bio: IO[bytes]) -> ContextManager[ExtractAll]:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(bio)
+else:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    _EXT = 'tar.gz'
+
+    def _open_archive(bio: IO[bytes]) -> ContextManager[ExtractAll]:
+        return tarfile.open(fileobj=bio)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_default_version() -> str:
+    if lang_base.exe_exists('go'):
+        return 'system'
+    else:
+        return C.DEFAULT
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str, version: str) -> PatchesT:
+    if version == 'system':
+        return (
+            ('PATH', (os.path.join(venv, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+        )
+
+    return (
+        ('GOROOT', os.path.join(venv, '.go')),
+        (
+            'PATH', (
+                os.path.join(venv, 'bin'), os.pathsep,
+                os.path.join(venv, '.go', 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'),
+            ),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache
+def _infer_go_version(version: str) -> str:
+    if version != C.DEFAULT:
+        return version
+    resp = urllib.request.urlopen('https://go.dev/dl/?mode=json')
+    # TODO: 3.9+ .removeprefix('go')
+    return json.load(resp)[0]['version'][2:]
+
+
+def _get_url(version: str) -> str:
+    os_name = platform.system().lower()
+    version = _infer_go_version(version)
+    return f'https://dl.google.com/go/go{version}.{os_name}-{_ARCH}.{_EXT}'
+
+
+def _install_go(version: str, dest: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        resp = urllib.request.urlopen(_get_url(version))
+    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+        if e.code == 404:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Could not find a version matching your system requirements '
+                f'(os={platform.system().lower()}; arch={_ARCH})',
+            ) from e
+        else:
+            raise
+    else:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as f:
+            shutil.copyfileobj(resp, f)
+            f.seek(0)
+
+            with _open_archive(f) as archive:
+                archive.extractall(dest)
+        shutil.move(os.path.join(dest, 'go'), os.path.join(dest, '.go'))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir, version)):
+        yield
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    env_dir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    if version != 'system':
+        _install_go(version, env_dir)
+
+    if sys.platform == 'cygwin':  # pragma: no cover
+        gopath = cmd_output('cygpath', '-w', env_dir)[1].strip()
+    else:
+        gopath = env_dir
+
+    env = no_git_env(dict(os.environ, GOPATH=gopath))
+    env.pop('GOBIN', None)
+    if version != 'system':
+        env['GOROOT'] = os.path.join(env_dir, '.go')
+        env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join((
+            os.path.join(env_dir, '.go', 'bin'), os.environ['PATH'],
+        ))
+
+    lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('go', 'install', './...'), env=env)
+    for dependency in additional_dependencies:
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('go', 'install', dependency), env=env)
+
+    # save some disk space -- we don't need this after installation
+    pkgdir = os.path.join(env_dir, 'pkg')
+    if os.path.exists(pkgdir):  # pragma: no branch (always true on windows?)
+        rmtree(pkgdir)
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/haskell.py b/pre_commit/languages/haskell.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6945c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/haskell.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os.path
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.errors import FatalError
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'hs_env'
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def get_env_patch(target_dir: str) -> PatchesT:
+    bin_path = os.path.join(target_dir, 'bin')
+    return (('PATH', (bin_path, os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def install_environment(
+    prefix: Prefix,
+    version: str,
+    additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('haskell', version)
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    pkgs = [*prefix.star('.cabal'), *additional_dependencies]
+    if not pkgs:
+        raise FatalError('Expected .cabal files or additional_dependencies')
+
+    bindir = os.path.join(envdir, 'bin')
+    os.makedirs(bindir, exist_ok=True)
+    lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('cabal', 'update'))
+    lang_base.setup_cmd(
+        prefix,
+        (
+            'cabal', 'install',
+            '--install-method', 'copy',
+            '--installdir', bindir,
+            *pkgs,
+        ),
+    )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/lua.py b/pre_commit/languages/lua.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a475ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/lua.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'lua_env'
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def _get_lua_version() -> str:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    """Get the Lua version used in file paths."""
+    _, stdout, _ = cmd_output('luarocks', 'config', '--lua-ver')
+    return stdout.strip()
+
+
+def get_env_patch(d: str) -> PatchesT:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    version = _get_lua_version()
+    so_ext = 'dll' if sys.platform == 'win32' else 'so'
+    return (
+        ('PATH', (os.path.join(d, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+        (
+            'LUA_PATH', (
+                os.path.join(d, 'share', 'lua', version, '?.lua;'),
+                os.path.join(d, 'share', 'lua', version, '?', 'init.lua;;'),
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            'LUA_CPATH',
+            (os.path.join(d, 'lib', 'lua', version, f'?.{so_ext};;'),),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager  # pragma: win32 no cover
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def install_environment(
+    prefix: Prefix,
+    version: str,
+    additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('lua', version)
+
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        # luarocks doesn't bootstrap a tree prior to installing
+        # so ensure the directory exists.
+        os.makedirs(envdir, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Older luarocks (e.g., 2.4.2) expect the rockspec as an arg
+        for rockspec in prefix.star('.rockspec'):
+            make_cmd = ('luarocks', '--tree', envdir, 'make', rockspec)
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, make_cmd)
+
+        # luarocks can't install multiple packages at once
+        # so install them individually.
+        for dependency in additional_dependencies:
+            cmd = ('luarocks', '--tree', envdir, 'install', dependency)
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, cmd)
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/node.py b/pre_commit/languages/node.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d49c0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/node.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import pre_commit.constants as C
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import UNSET
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.languages.python import bin_dir
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+from pre_commit.util import rmtree
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'node_env'
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_default_version() -> str:
+    # nodeenv does not yet support `-n system` on windows
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        return C.DEFAULT
+    # if node is already installed, we can save a bunch of setup time by
+    # using the installed version
+    elif all(lang_base.exe_exists(exe) for exe in ('node', 'npm')):
+        return 'system'
+    else:
+        return C.DEFAULT
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    if sys.platform == 'cygwin':  # pragma: no cover
+        _, win_venv, _ = cmd_output('cygpath', '-w', venv)
+        install_prefix = fr'{win_venv.strip()}\bin'
+        lib_dir = 'lib'
+    elif sys.platform == 'win32':  # pragma: no cover
+        install_prefix = bin_dir(venv)
+        lib_dir = 'Scripts'
+    else:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+        install_prefix = venv
+        lib_dir = 'lib'
+    return (
+        ('NODE_VIRTUAL_ENV', venv),
+        ('NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX', install_prefix),
+        ('npm_config_prefix', install_prefix),
+        ('NPM_CONFIG_USERCONFIG', UNSET),
+        ('npm_config_userconfig', UNSET),
+        ('NODE_PATH', os.path.join(venv, lib_dir, 'node_modules')),
+        ('PATH', (bin_dir(venv), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def health_check(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> str | None:
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        retcode, _, _ = cmd_output_b('node', '--version', check=False)
+        if retcode != 0:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+            return f'`node --version` returned {retcode}'
+        else:
+            return None
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix, version: str, additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    assert prefix.exists('package.json')
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396#maxpath
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':  # pragma: no cover
+        envdir = fr'\\?\{os.path.normpath(envdir)}'
+    cmd = [sys.executable, '-mnodeenv', '--prebuilt', '--clean-src', envdir]
+    if version != C.DEFAULT:
+        cmd.extend(['-n', version])
+    cmd_output_b(*cmd)
+
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        # https://npm.community/t/npm-install-g-git-vs-git-clone-cd-npm-install-g/5449
+        # install as if we installed from git
+
+        local_install_cmd = (
+            'npm', 'install', '--include=dev', '--include=prod',
+            '--ignore-prepublish', '--no-progress', '--no-save',
+        )
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, local_install_cmd)
+
+        _, pkg, _ = cmd_output('npm', 'pack', cwd=prefix.prefix_dir)
+        pkg = prefix.path(pkg.strip())
+
+        install = ('npm', 'install', '-g', pkg, *additional_dependencies)
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, install)
+
+        # clean these up after installation
+        if prefix.exists('node_modules'):  # pragma: win32 no cover
+            rmtree(prefix.path('node_modules'))
+        os.remove(pkg)
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/perl.py b/pre_commit/languages/perl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61b1d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/perl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+import shlex
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'perl_env'
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('PATH', (os.path.join(venv, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+        ('PERL5LIB', os.path.join(venv, 'lib', 'perl5')),
+        ('PERL_MB_OPT', f'--install_base {shlex.quote(venv)}'),
+        (
+            'PERL_MM_OPT', (
+                f'INSTALL_BASE={shlex.quote(venv)} '
+                f'INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR=none INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR=none'
+            ),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix, version: str, additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('perl', version)
+
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(
+            prefix, ('cpan', '-T', '.', *additional_dependencies),
+        )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/pygrep.py b/pre_commit/languages/pygrep.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72a9345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/pygrep.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import re
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit import output
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.xargs import xargs
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = None
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+install_environment = lang_base.no_install
+in_env = lang_base.no_env
+
+
+def _process_filename_by_line(pattern: Pattern[bytes], filename: str) -> int:
+    retv = 0
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        for line_no, line in enumerate(f, start=1):
+            if pattern.search(line):
+                retv = 1
+                output.write(f'{filename}:{line_no}:')
+                output.write_line_b(line.rstrip(b'\r\n'))
+    return retv
+
+
+def _process_filename_at_once(pattern: Pattern[bytes], filename: str) -> int:
+    retv = 0
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        contents = f.read()
+        match = pattern.search(contents)
+        if match:
+            retv = 1
+            line_no = contents[:match.start()].count(b'\n')
+            output.write(f'{filename}:{line_no + 1}:')
+
+            matched_lines = match[0].split(b'\n')
+            matched_lines[0] = contents.split(b'\n')[line_no]
+
+            output.write_line_b(b'\n'.join(matched_lines))
+    return retv
+
+
+def _process_filename_by_line_negated(
+        pattern: Pattern[bytes],
+        filename: str,
+) -> int:
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            if pattern.search(line):
+                return 0
+        else:
+            output.write_line(filename)
+            return 1
+
+
+def _process_filename_at_once_negated(
+        pattern: Pattern[bytes],
+        filename: str,
+) -> int:
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        contents = f.read()
+    match = pattern.search(contents)
+    if match:
+        return 0
+    else:
+        output.write_line(filename)
+        return 1
+
+
+class Choice(NamedTuple):
+    multiline: bool
+    negate: bool
+
+
+FNS = {
+    Choice(multiline=True, negate=True): _process_filename_at_once_negated,
+    Choice(multiline=True, negate=False): _process_filename_at_once,
+    Choice(multiline=False, negate=True): _process_filename_by_line_negated,
+    Choice(multiline=False, negate=False): _process_filename_by_line,
+}
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+        require_serial: bool,
+        color: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:
+    cmd = (sys.executable, '-m', __name__, *args, entry)
+    return xargs(cmd, file_args, color=color)
+
+
+def main(argv: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=(
+            'grep-like finder using python regexes.  Unlike grep, this tool '
+            'returns nonzero when it finds a match and zero otherwise.  The '
+            'idea here being that matches are "problems".'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('-i', '--ignore-case', action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument('--multiline', action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument('--negate', action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument('pattern', help='python regex pattern.')
+    parser.add_argument('filenames', nargs='*')
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    flags = re.IGNORECASE if args.ignore_case else 0
+    if args.multiline:
+        flags |= re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
+
+    pattern = re.compile(args.pattern.encode(), flags)
+
+    retv = 0
+    process_fn = FNS[Choice(multiline=args.multiline, negate=args.negate)]
+    for filename in args.filenames:
+        retv |= process_fn(pattern, filename)
+    return retv
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    raise SystemExit(main())
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/python.py b/pre_commit/languages/python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f4bf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import pre_commit.constants as C
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import UNSET
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.parse_shebang import find_executable
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import CalledProcessError
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+from pre_commit.util import win_exe
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'py_env'
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def _version_info(exe: str) -> str:
+    prog = 'import sys;print(".".join(str(p) for p in sys.version_info))'
+    try:
+        return cmd_output(exe, '-S', '-c', prog)[1].strip()
+    except CalledProcessError:
+        return f'<<error retrieving version from {exe}>>'
+
+
+def _read_pyvenv_cfg(filename: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    ret = {}
+    with open(filename, encoding='UTF-8') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            try:
+                k, v = line.split('=')
+            except ValueError:  # blank line / comment / etc.
+                continue
+            else:
+                ret[k.strip()] = v.strip()
+    return ret
+
+
+def bin_dir(venv: str) -> str:
+    """On windows there's a different directory for the virtualenv"""
+    bin_part = 'Scripts' if sys.platform == 'win32' else 'bin'
+    return os.path.join(venv, bin_part)
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK', '1'),
+        ('PYTHONHOME', UNSET),
+        ('VIRTUAL_ENV', venv),
+        ('PATH', (bin_dir(venv), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+    )
+
+
+def _find_by_py_launcher(
+        version: str,
+) -> str | None:  # pragma: no cover (windows only)
+    if version.startswith('python'):
+        num = version.removeprefix('python')
+        cmd = ('py', f'-{num}', '-c', 'import sys; print(sys.executable)')
+        env = dict(os.environ, PYTHONIOENCODING='UTF-8')
+        try:
+            return cmd_output(*cmd, env=env)[1].strip()
+        except CalledProcessError:
+            pass
+    return None
+
+
+def _find_by_sys_executable() -> str | None:
+    def _norm(path: str) -> str | None:
+        _, exe = os.path.split(path.lower())
+        exe, _, _ = exe.partition('.exe')
+        if exe not in {'python', 'pythonw'} and find_executable(exe):
+            return exe
+        return None
+
+    # On linux, I see these common sys.executables:
+    #
+    # system `python`: /usr/bin/python -> python2.7
+    # system `python2`: /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
+    # virtualenv v: v/bin/python (will not return from this loop)
+    # virtualenv v -ppython2: v/bin/python -> python2
+    # virtualenv v -ppython2.7: v/bin/python -> python2.7
+    # virtualenv v -ppypy: v/bin/python -> v/bin/pypy
+    for path in (sys.executable, os.path.realpath(sys.executable)):
+        exe = _norm(path)
+        if exe:
+            return exe
+    return None
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_default_version() -> str:  # pragma: no cover (platform dependent)
+    # First attempt from `sys.executable` (or the realpath)
+    exe = _find_by_sys_executable()
+    if exe:
+        return exe
+
+    # Next try the `pythonX.X` executable
+    exe = f'python{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}'
+    if find_executable(exe):
+        return exe
+
+    if _find_by_py_launcher(exe):
+        return exe
+
+    # We tried!
+    return C.DEFAULT
+
+
+def _sys_executable_matches(version: str) -> bool:
+    if version == 'python':
+        return True
+    elif not version.startswith('python'):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        info = tuple(int(p) for p in version.removeprefix('python').split('.'))
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+    return sys.version_info[:len(info)] == info
+
+
+def norm_version(version: str) -> str | None:
+    if version == C.DEFAULT:  # use virtualenv's default
+        return None
+    elif _sys_executable_matches(version):  # virtualenv defaults to our exe
+        return None
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':  # pragma: no cover (windows)
+        version_exec = _find_by_py_launcher(version)
+        if version_exec:
+            return version_exec
+
+        # Try looking up by name
+        version_exec = find_executable(version)
+        if version_exec and version_exec != version:
+            return version_exec
+
+    # Otherwise assume it is a path
+    return os.path.expanduser(version)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def health_check(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> str | None:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    pyvenv_cfg = os.path.join(envdir, 'pyvenv.cfg')
+
+    # created with "old" virtualenv
+    if not os.path.exists(pyvenv_cfg):
+        return 'pyvenv.cfg does not exist (old virtualenv?)'
+
+    exe_name = win_exe('python')
+    py_exe = prefix.path(bin_dir(envdir), exe_name)
+    cfg = _read_pyvenv_cfg(pyvenv_cfg)
+
+    if 'version_info' not in cfg:
+        return "created virtualenv's pyvenv.cfg is missing `version_info`"
+
+    # always use uncached lookup here in case we replaced an unhealthy env
+    virtualenv_version = _version_info.__wrapped__(py_exe)
+    if virtualenv_version != cfg['version_info']:
+        return (
+            f'virtualenv python version did not match created version:\n'
+            f'- actual version: {virtualenv_version}\n'
+            f'- expected version: {cfg["version_info"]}\n'
+        )
+
+    # made with an older version of virtualenv? skip `base-executable` check
+    if 'base-executable' not in cfg:
+        return None
+
+    base_exe_version = _version_info(cfg['base-executable'])
+    if base_exe_version != cfg['version_info']:
+        return (
+            f'base executable python version does not match created version:\n'
+            f'- base-executable version: {base_exe_version}\n'
+            f'- expected version: {cfg["version_info"]}\n'
+        )
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    venv_cmd = [sys.executable, '-mvirtualenv', envdir]
+    python = norm_version(version)
+    if python is not None:
+        venv_cmd.extend(('-p', python))
+    install_cmd = ('python', '-mpip', 'install', '.', *additional_dependencies)
+
+    cmd_output_b(*venv_cmd, cwd='/')
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, install_cmd)
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/r.py b/pre_commit/languages/r.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93b62bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/r.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import UNSET
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+from pre_commit.util import win_exe
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'renv'
+RSCRIPT_OPTS = ('--no-save', '--no-restore', '--no-site-file', '--no-environ')
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _r_code_in_tempfile(code: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """
+    To avoid quoting and escaping issues, avoid `Rscript [options] -e {expr}`
+    but use `Rscript [options] path/to/file_with_expr.R`
+    """
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        fname = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'script.R')
+        with open(fname, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(_inline_r_setup(textwrap.dedent(code)))
+        yield fname
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('R_PROFILE_USER', os.path.join(venv, 'activate.R')),
+        ('RENV_PROJECT', UNSET),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def _prefix_if_file_entry(
+        entry: list[str],
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+) -> Sequence[str]:
+    if entry[1] == '-e' or is_local:
+        return entry[1:]
+    else:
+        return (prefix.path(entry[1]),)
+
+
+def _rscript_exec() -> str:
+    r_home = os.environ.get('R_HOME')
+    if r_home is None:
+        return 'Rscript'
+    else:
+        return os.path.join(r_home, 'bin', win_exe('Rscript'))
+
+
+def _entry_validate(entry: list[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Allowed entries:
+    # Rscript -e expr
+    # Rscript path/to/file
+    """
+    if entry[0] != 'Rscript':
+        raise ValueError('entry must start with `Rscript`.')
+
+    if entry[1] == '-e':
+        if len(entry) > 3:
+            raise ValueError('You can supply at most one expression.')
+    elif len(entry) > 2:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'The only valid syntax is `Rscript -e {expr}`'
+            'or `Rscript path/to/hook/script`',
+        )
+
+
+def _cmd_from_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    cmd = shlex.split(entry)
+    _entry_validate(cmd)
+
+    cmd_part = _prefix_if_file_entry(cmd, prefix, is_local=is_local)
+    return (cmd[0], *RSCRIPT_OPTS, *cmd_part, *args)
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('r', version)
+
+    env_dir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    os.makedirs(env_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    shutil.copy(prefix.path('renv.lock'), env_dir)
+    shutil.copytree(prefix.path('renv'), os.path.join(env_dir, 'renv'))
+
+    r_code_inst_environment = f"""\
+        prefix_dir <- {prefix.prefix_dir!r}
+        options(
+            repos = c(CRAN = "https://cran.rstudio.com"),
+            renv.consent = TRUE
+        )
+        source("renv/activate.R")
+        renv::restore()
+        activate_statement <- paste0(
+          'suppressWarnings({{',
+          'old <- setwd("', getwd(), '"); ',
+          'source("renv/activate.R"); ',
+          'setwd(old); ',
+          'renv::load("', getwd(), '");}})'
+        )
+        writeLines(activate_statement, 'activate.R')
+        is_package <- tryCatch(
+          {{
+              path_desc <- file.path(prefix_dir, 'DESCRIPTION')
+              suppressWarnings(desc <- read.dcf(path_desc))
+              "Package" %in% colnames(desc)
+          }},
+          error = function(...) FALSE
+        )
+        if (is_package) {{
+            renv::install(prefix_dir)
+        }}
+        """
+
+    with _r_code_in_tempfile(r_code_inst_environment) as f:
+        cmd_output_b(_rscript_exec(), '--vanilla', f, cwd=env_dir)
+
+    if additional_dependencies:
+        r_code_inst_add = 'renv::install(commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE))'
+        with in_env(prefix, version):
+            with _r_code_in_tempfile(r_code_inst_add) as f:
+                cmd_output_b(
+                    _rscript_exec(), *RSCRIPT_OPTS,
+                    f,
+                    *additional_dependencies,
+                    cwd=env_dir,
+                )
+
+
+def _inline_r_setup(code: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Some behaviour of R cannot be configured via env variables, but can
+    only be configured via R options once R has started. These are set here.
+    """
+    with_option = [
+        textwrap.dedent("""\
+        options(
+            install.packages.compile.from.source = "never",
+            pkgType = "binary"
+        )
+        """),
+        code,
+    ]
+    return '\n'.join(with_option)
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+        require_serial: bool,
+        color: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:
+    cmd = _cmd_from_hook(prefix, entry, args, is_local=is_local)
+    return lang_base.run_xargs(
+        cmd,
+        file_args,
+        require_serial=require_serial,
+        color=color,
+    )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/ruby.py b/pre_commit/languages/ruby.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0438ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/ruby.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import importlib.resources
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import tarfile
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import IO
+
+import pre_commit.constants as C
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import UNSET
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import CalledProcessError
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'rbenv'
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def _resource_bytesio(filename: str) -> IO[bytes]:
+    files = importlib.resources.files('pre_commit.resources')
+    return files.joinpath(filename).open('rb')
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_default_version() -> str:
+    if all(lang_base.exe_exists(exe) for exe in ('ruby', 'gem')):
+        return 'system'
+    else:
+        return C.DEFAULT
+
+
+def get_env_patch(
+        venv: str,
+        language_version: str,
+) -> PatchesT:
+    patches: PatchesT = (
+        ('GEM_HOME', os.path.join(venv, 'gems')),
+        ('GEM_PATH', UNSET),
+        ('BUNDLE_IGNORE_CONFIG', '1'),
+    )
+    if language_version == 'system':
+        patches += (
+            (
+                'PATH', (
+                    os.path.join(venv, 'gems', 'bin'), os.pathsep,
+                    Var('PATH'),
+                ),
+            ),
+        )
+    else:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+        patches += (
+            ('RBENV_ROOT', venv),
+            (
+                'PATH', (
+                    os.path.join(venv, 'gems', 'bin'), os.pathsep,
+                    os.path.join(venv, 'shims'), os.pathsep,
+                    os.path.join(venv, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'),
+                ),
+            ),
+        )
+    if language_version not in {'system', 'default'}:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+        patches += (('RBENV_VERSION', language_version),)
+
+    return patches
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir, version)):
+        yield
+
+
+def _extract_resource(filename: str, dest: str) -> None:
+    with _resource_bytesio(filename) as bio:
+        with tarfile.open(fileobj=bio) as tf:
+            tf.extractall(dest)
+
+
+def _install_rbenv(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+) -> None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    _extract_resource('rbenv.tar.gz', prefix.path('.'))
+    shutil.move(prefix.path('rbenv'), envdir)
+
+    # Only install ruby-build if the version is specified
+    if version != C.DEFAULT:
+        plugins_dir = os.path.join(envdir, 'plugins')
+        _extract_resource('ruby-download.tar.gz', plugins_dir)
+        _extract_resource('ruby-build.tar.gz', plugins_dir)
+
+
+def _install_ruby(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+) -> None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    try:
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('rbenv', 'download', version))
+    except CalledProcessError:  # pragma: no cover (usually find with download)
+        # Failed to download from mirror for some reason, build it instead
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('rbenv', 'install', version))
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix, version: str, additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    if version != 'system':  # pragma: win32 no cover
+        _install_rbenv(prefix, version)
+        with in_env(prefix, version):
+            # Need to call this before installing so rbenv's directories
+            # are set up
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('rbenv', 'init', '-'))
+            if version != C.DEFAULT:
+                _install_ruby(prefix, version)
+            # Need to call this after installing to set up the shims
+            lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('rbenv', 'rehash'))
+
+    with in_env(prefix, version):
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(
+            prefix, ('gem', 'build', *prefix.star('.gemspec')),
+        )
+        lang_base.setup_cmd(
+            prefix,
+            (
+                'gem', 'install',
+                '--no-document', '--no-format-executable',
+                '--no-user-install',
+                '--install-dir', os.path.join(envdir, 'gems'),
+                '--bindir', os.path.join(envdir, 'gems', 'bin'),
+                *prefix.star('.gem'), *additional_dependencies,
+            ),
+        )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/rust.py b/pre_commit/languages/rust.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b04d6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/rust.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import urllib.request
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+import pre_commit.constants as C
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit import parse_shebang
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+from pre_commit.util import make_executable
+from pre_commit.util import win_exe
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'rustenv'
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_default_version() -> str:
+    # If rust is already installed, we can save a bunch of setup time by
+    # using the installed version.
+    #
+    # Just detecting the executable does not suffice, because if rustup is
+    # installed but no toolchain is available, then `cargo` exists but
+    # cannot be used without installing a toolchain first.
+    if cmd_output_b('cargo', '--version', check=False)[0] == 0:
+        return 'system'
+    else:
+        return C.DEFAULT
+
+
+def _rust_toolchain(language_version: str) -> str:
+    """Transform the language version into a rust toolchain version."""
+    if language_version == C.DEFAULT:
+        return 'stable'
+    else:
+        return language_version
+
+
+def get_env_patch(target_dir: str, version: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('PATH', (os.path.join(target_dir, 'bin'), os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),
+        # Only set RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN if we don't want use the system's default
+        # toolchain
+        *(
+            (('RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN', _rust_toolchain(version)),)
+            if version != 'system' else ()
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir, version)):
+        yield
+
+
+def _add_dependencies(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        additional_dependencies: set[str],
+) -> None:
+    crates = []
+    for dep in additional_dependencies:
+        name, _, spec = dep.partition(':')
+        crate = f'{name}@{spec or "*"}'
+        crates.append(crate)
+
+    lang_base.setup_cmd(prefix, ('cargo', 'add', *crates))
+
+
+def install_rust_with_toolchain(toolchain: str, envdir: str) -> None:
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as rustup_dir:
+        with envcontext((('CARGO_HOME', envdir), ('RUSTUP_HOME', rustup_dir))):
+            # acquire `rustup` if not present
+            if parse_shebang.find_executable('rustup') is None:
+                # We did not detect rustup and need to download it first.
+                if sys.platform == 'win32':  # pragma: win32 cover
+                    url = 'https://win.rustup.rs/x86_64'
+                else:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+                    url = 'https://sh.rustup.rs'
+
+                resp = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
+
+                rustup_init = os.path.join(rustup_dir, win_exe('rustup-init'))
+                with open(rustup_init, 'wb') as f:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(resp, f)
+                make_executable(rustup_init)
+
+                # install rustup into `$CARGO_HOME/bin`
+                cmd_output_b(
+                    rustup_init, '-y', '--quiet', '--no-modify-path',
+                    '--default-toolchain', 'none',
+                )
+
+            cmd_output_b(
+                'rustup', 'toolchain', 'install', '--no-self-update',
+                toolchain,
+            )
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    # There are two cases where we might want to specify more dependencies:
+    # as dependencies for the library being built, and as binary packages
+    # to be `cargo install`'d.
+    #
+    # Unlike e.g. Python, if we just `cargo install` a library, it won't be
+    # used for compilation. And if we add a crate providing a binary to the
+    # `Cargo.toml`, the binary won't be built.
+    #
+    # Because of this, we allow specifying "cli" dependencies by prefixing
+    # with 'cli:'.
+    cli_deps = {
+        dep for dep in additional_dependencies if dep.startswith('cli:')
+    }
+    lib_deps = set(additional_dependencies) - cli_deps
+
+    packages_to_install: set[tuple[str, ...]] = {('--path', '.')}
+    for cli_dep in cli_deps:
+        cli_dep = cli_dep.removeprefix('cli:')
+        package, _, crate_version = cli_dep.partition(':')
+        if crate_version != '':
+            packages_to_install.add((package, '--version', crate_version))
+        else:
+            packages_to_install.add((package,))
+
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as ctx:
+        ctx.enter_context(in_env(prefix, version))
+
+        if version != 'system':
+            install_rust_with_toolchain(_rust_toolchain(version), envdir)
+
+            tmpdir = ctx.enter_context(tempfile.TemporaryDirectory())
+            ctx.enter_context(envcontext((('RUSTUP_HOME', tmpdir),)))
+
+        if len(lib_deps) > 0:
+            _add_dependencies(prefix, lib_deps)
+
+        for args in packages_to_install:
+            cmd_output_b(
+                'cargo', 'install', '--bins', '--root', envdir, *args,
+                cwd=prefix.prefix_dir,
+            )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/script.py b/pre_commit/languages/script.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eaa1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/script.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = None
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+install_environment = lang_base.no_install
+in_env = lang_base.no_env
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        entry: str,
+        args: Sequence[str],
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        is_local: bool,
+        require_serial: bool,
+        color: bool,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:
+    cmd = lang_base.hook_cmd(entry, args)
+    cmd = (prefix.path(cmd[0]), *cmd[1:])
+    return lang_base.run_xargs(
+        cmd,
+        file_args,
+        require_serial=require_serial,
+        color=color,
+    )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/swift.py b/pre_commit/languages/swift.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7bfe84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/swift.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.envcontext import Var
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+
+BUILD_DIR = '.build'
+BUILD_CONFIG = 'release'
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'swift_env'
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    bin_path = os.path.join(venv, BUILD_DIR, BUILD_CONFIG)
+    return (('PATH', (bin_path, os.pathsep, Var('PATH'))),)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager  # pragma: win32 no cover
+def in_env(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix, version: str, additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:  # pragma: win32 no cover
+    lang_base.assert_version_default('swift', version)
+    lang_base.assert_no_additional_deps('swift', additional_dependencies)
+    envdir = lang_base.environment_dir(prefix, ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version)
+
+    # Build the swift package
+    os.mkdir(envdir)
+    cmd_output_b(
+        'swift', 'build',
+        '--package-path', prefix.prefix_dir,
+        '-c', BUILD_CONFIG,
+        '--build-path', os.path.join(envdir, BUILD_DIR),
+    )
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/system.py b/pre_commit/languages/system.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6ad688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/system.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pre_commit import lang_base
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = None
+get_default_version = lang_base.basic_get_default_version
+health_check = lang_base.basic_health_check
+install_environment = lang_base.no_install
+in_env = lang_base.no_env
+run_hook = lang_base.basic_run_hook