Adding upstream version 3.2.7.upstream/3.2.7

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 5051 insertions, 0 deletions

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+.TH "rsync" "1" "20 Oct 2022" "rsync 3.2.7" "User Commands"
+.\" prefix=/usr
+.P
+.SH "NAME"
+.P
+rsync \- a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
+.P
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.P
+.nf
+Local:
+    rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
+
+Access via remote shell:
+    Pull:
+        rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
+    Push:
+        rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
+
+Access via rsync daemon:
+    Pull:
+        rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
+        rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]
+    Push:
+        rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
+        rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST)
+.fi
+.P
+Usages with just one SRC arg and no DEST arg will list the source files instead
+of copying.
+.P
+The online version of this manpage (that includes cross-linking of topics)
+is available at https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsync.1.
+.P
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.P
+Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool.  It can copy
+locally, to/from another host over any remote shell, or to/from a remote rsync
+daemon.  It offers a large number of options that control every aspect of its
+behavior and permit very flexible specification of the set of files to be
+copied.  It is famous for its delta-transfer algorithm, which reduces the
+amount of data sent over the network by sending only the differences between
+the source files and the existing files in the destination.  Rsync is widely
+used for backups and mirroring and as an improved copy command for everyday
+use.
+.P
+Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a "quick check" algorithm
+(by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or in last-modified
+time.  Any changes in the other preserved attributes (as requested by options)
+are made on the destination file directly when the quick check indicates that
+the file's data does not need to be updated.
+.P
+Some of the additional features of rsync are:
+.P
+.IP o
+support for copying links, devices, owners, groups, and permissions
+.IP o
+exclude and exclude-from options similar to GNU tar
+.IP o
+a CVS exclude mode for ignoring the same files that CVS would ignore
+.IP o
+can use any transparent remote shell, including ssh or rsh
+.IP o
+does not require super-user privileges
+.IP o
+pipelining of file transfers to minimize latency costs
+.IP o
+support for anonymous or authenticated rsync daemons (ideal for mirroring)
+.P
+.SH "GENERAL"
+.P
+Rsync copies files either to or from a remote host, or locally on the current
+host (it does not support copying files between two remote hosts).
+.P
+There are two different ways for rsync to contact a remote system: using a
+remote-shell program as the transport (such as ssh or rsh) or contacting an
+rsync daemon directly via TCP.  The remote-shell transport is used whenever the
+source or destination path contains a single colon (:) separator after a host
+specification.  Contacting an rsync daemon directly happens when the source or
+destination path contains a double colon (::) separator after a host
+specification, OR when an rsync:// URL is specified (see also the USING
+RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION section for an
+exception to this latter rule).
+.P
+As a special case, if a single source arg is specified without a destination,
+the files are listed in an output format similar to "\fBls\ \-l\fP".
+.P
+As expected, if neither the source or destination path specify a remote host,
+the copy occurs locally (see also the \fB\-\-list-only\fP option).
+.P
+Rsync refers to the local side as the client and the remote side as the server.
+Don't confuse server with an rsync daemon.  A daemon is always a server, but a
+server can be either a daemon or a remote-shell spawned process.
+.P
+.SH "SETUP"
+.P
+See the file README.md for installation instructions.
+.P
+Once installed, you can use rsync to any machine that you can access via a
+remote shell (as well as some that you can access using the rsync daemon-mode
+protocol).  For remote transfers, a modern rsync uses ssh for its
+communications, but it may have been configured to use a different remote shell
+by default, such as rsh or remsh.
+.P
+You can also specify any remote shell you like, either by using the \fB\-e\fP
+command line option, or by setting the \fBRSYNC_RSH\fP environment variable.
+.P
+Note that rsync must be installed on both the source and destination machines.
+.P
+.SH "USAGE"
+.P
+You use rsync in the same way you use rcp.  You must specify a source and a
+destination, one of which may be remote.
+.P
+Perhaps the best way to explain the syntax is with some examples:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -t *.c foo:src/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+This would transfer all files matching the pattern \fB*.c\fP from the current
+directory to the directory src on the machine foo.  If any of the files already
+exist on the remote system then the rsync remote-update protocol is used to
+update the file by sending only the differences in the data.  Note that the
+expansion of wildcards on the command-line (\fB*.c\fP) into a list of files is
+handled by the shell before it runs rsync and not by rsync itself (exactly the
+same as all other Posix-style programs).
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -avz foo:src/bar /data/tmp
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+This would recursively transfer all files from the directory src/bar on the
+machine foo into the /data/tmp/bar directory on the local machine.  The files
+are transferred in archive mode, which ensures that symbolic links, devices,
+attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc. are preserved in the transfer.
+Additionally, compression will be used to reduce the size of data portions of
+the transfer.
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -avz foo:src/bar/ /data/tmp
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+A trailing slash on the source changes this behavior to avoid creating an
+additional directory level at the destination.  You can think of a trailing /
+on a source as meaning "copy the contents of this directory" as opposed to
+"copy the directory by name", but in both cases the attributes of the
+containing directory are transferred to the containing directory on the
+destination.  In other words, each of the following commands copies the files
+in the same way, including their setting of the attributes of /dest/foo:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av /src/foo /dest
+rsync -av /src/foo/ /dest/foo
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Note also that host and module references don't require a trailing slash to
+copy the contents of the default directory.  For example, both of these copy
+the remote directory's contents into "/dest":
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av host: /dest
+rsync -av host::module /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+You can also use rsync in local-only mode, where both the source and
+destination don't have a ':' in the name.  In this case it behaves like an
+improved copy command.
+.P
+Finally, you can list all the (listable) modules available from a particular
+rsync daemon by leaving off the module name:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync somehost.mydomain.com::
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+.SH "COPYING TO A DIFFERENT NAME"
+.P
+When you want to copy a directory to a different name, use a trailing slash on
+the source directory to put the contents of the directory into any destination
+directory you like:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai foo/ bar/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Rsync also has the ability to customize a destination file's name when copying
+a single item.  The rules for this are:
+.P
+.IP o
+The transfer list must consist of a single item (either a file or an empty
+directory)
+.IP o
+The final element of the destination path must not exist as a directory
+.IP o
+The destination path must not have been specified with a trailing slash
+.P
+Under those circumstances, rsync will set the name of the destination's single
+item to the last element of the destination path.  Keep in mind that it is best
+to only use this idiom when copying a file and use the above trailing-slash
+idiom when copying a directory.
+.P
+The following example copies the \fBfoo.c\fP file as \fBbar.c\fP in the \fBsave\fP dir
+(assuming that \fBbar.c\fP isn't a directory):
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai src/foo.c save/bar.c
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The single-item copy rule might accidentally bite you if you unknowingly copy a
+single item and specify a destination dir that doesn't exist (without using a
+trailing slash).  For example, if \fBsrc/*.c\fP matches one file and \fBsave/dir\fP
+doesn't exist, this will confuse you by naming the destination file \fBsave/dir\fP:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai src/*.c save/dir
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+To prevent such an accident, either make sure the destination dir exists or
+specify the destination path with a trailing slash:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai src/*.c save/dir/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+.SH "SORTED TRANSFER ORDER"
+.P
+Rsync always sorts the specified filenames into its internal transfer list.
+This handles the merging together of the contents of identically named
+directories, makes it easy to remove duplicate filenames. It can, however,
+confuse someone when the files are transferred in a different order than what
+was given on the command-line.
+.P
+If you need a particular file to be transferred prior to another, either
+separate the files into different rsync calls, or consider using
+\fB\-\-delay-updates\fP (which doesn't affect the sorted transfer order, but
+does make the final file-updating phase happen much more rapidly).
+.P
+.SH "MULTI-HOST SECURITY"
+.P
+Rsync takes steps to ensure that the file requests that are shared in a
+transfer are protected against various security issues.  Most of the potential
+problems arise on the receiving side where rsync takes steps to ensure that the
+list of files being transferred remains within the bounds of what was
+requested.
+.P
+Toward this end, rsync 3.1.2 and later have aborted when a file list contains
+an absolute or relative path that tries to escape out of the top of the
+transfer.  Also, beginning with version 3.2.5, rsync does two more safety
+checks of the file list to (1) ensure that no extra source arguments were added
+into the transfer other than those that the client requested and (2) ensure
+that the file list obeys the exclude rules that were sent to the sender.
+.P
+For those that don't yet have a 3.2.5 client rsync (or those that want to be
+extra careful), it is safest to do a copy into a dedicated destination
+directory for the remote files when you don't trust the remote host.  For
+example, instead of doing an rsync copy into your home directory:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiv host1:dir1 ~
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Dedicate a "host1-files" dir to the remote content:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiv host1:dir1 ~/host1-files
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+See the \fB\-\-trust-sender\fP option for additional details.
+.P
+CAUTION: it is not particularly safe to use rsync to copy files from a
+case-preserving filesystem to a case-ignoring filesystem.  If you must perform
+such a copy, you should either disable symlinks via \fB\-\-no-links\fP or enable the
+munging of symlinks via \fB\-\-munge-links\fP (and make sure you use the
+right local or remote option).  This will prevent rsync from doing potentially
+dangerous things if a symlink name overlaps with a file or directory. It does
+not, however, ensure that you get a full copy of all the files (since that may
+not be possible when the names overlap). A potentially better solution is to
+list all the source files and create a safe list of filenames that you pass to
+the \fB\-\-files-from\fP option.  Any files that conflict in name would need
+to be copied to different destination directories using more than one copy.
+.P
+While a copy of a case-ignoring filesystem to a case-ignoring filesystem can
+work out fairly well, if no \fB\-\-delete-during\fP or \fB\-\-delete-before\fP option is
+active, rsync can potentially update an existing file on the receiveing side
+without noticing that the upper-/lower-case of the filename should be changed
+to match the sender.
+.P
+.SH "ADVANCED USAGE"
+.P
+The syntax for requesting multiple files from a remote host is done by
+specifying additional remote-host args in the same style as the first, or with
+the hostname omitted.  For instance, all these work:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiv host:file1 :file2 host:file{3,4} /dest/
+rsync -aiv host::modname/file{1,2} host::modname/extra /dest/
+rsync -aiv host::modname/first ::extra-file{1,2} /dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Note that a daemon connection only supports accessing one module per copy
+command, so if the start of a follow-up path doesn't begin with the
+modname of the first path, it is assumed to be a path in the module (such as
+the extra-file1 & extra-file2 that are grabbed above).
+.P
+Really old versions of rsync (2.6.9 and before) only allowed specifying one
+remote-source arg, so some people have instead relied on the remote-shell
+performing space splitting to break up an arg into multiple paths. Such
+unintuitive behavior is no longer supported by default (though you can request
+it, as described below).
+.P
+Starting in 3.2.4, filenames are passed to a remote shell in such a way as to
+preserve the characters you give it. Thus, if you ask for a file with spaces
+in the name, that's what the remote rsync looks for:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiv host:'a simple file.pdf' /dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+If you use scripts that have been written to manually apply extra quoting to
+the remote rsync args (or to require remote arg splitting), you can ask rsync
+to let your script handle the extra escaping.  This is done by either adding
+the \fB\-\-old-args\fP option to the rsync runs in the script (which requires
+a new rsync) or exporting RSYNC_OLD_ARGS=1 and RSYNC_PROTECT_ARGS=0
+(which works with old or new rsync versions).
+.P
+.SH "CONNECTING TO AN RSYNC DAEMON"
+.P
+It is also possible to use rsync without a remote shell as the transport.  In
+this case you will directly connect to a remote rsync daemon, typically using
+TCP port 873. (This obviously requires the daemon to be running on the remote
+system, so refer to the STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS
+section below for information on that.)
+.P
+Using rsync in this way is the same as using it with a remote shell except
+that:
+.P
+.IP o
+Use either double-colon syntax or rsync:// URL syntax instead of the
+single-colon (remote shell) syntax.
+.IP o
+The first element of the "path" is actually a module name.
+.IP o
+Additional remote source args can use an abbreviated syntax that omits the
+hostname and/or the module name, as discussed in ADVANCED USAGE.
+.IP o
+The remote daemon may print a "message of the day" when you connect.
+.IP o
+If you specify only the host (with no module or path) then a list of
+accessible modules on the daemon is output.
+.IP o
+If you specify a remote source path but no destination, a listing of the
+matching files on the remote daemon is output.
+.IP o
+The \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option must be omitted to avoid changing the
+connection style from using a socket connection to USING RSYNC-DAEMON
+FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION.
+.P
+An example that copies all the files in a remote module named "src":
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av host::src /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Some modules on the remote daemon may require authentication.  If so, you will
+receive a password prompt when you connect.  You can avoid the password prompt
+by setting the environment variable \fBRSYNC_PASSWORD\fP to the password you
+want to use or using the \fB\-\-password-file\fP option.  This may be useful
+when scripting rsync.
+.P
+WARNING: On some systems environment variables are visible to all users.  On
+those systems using \fB\-\-password-file\fP is recommended.
+.P
+You may establish the connection via a web proxy by setting the environment
+variable \fBRSYNC_PROXY\fP to a hostname:port pair pointing to your web proxy.
+Note that your web proxy's configuration must support proxy connections to port
+873.
+.P
+You may also establish a daemon connection using a program as a proxy by
+setting the environment variable \fBRSYNC_CONNECT_PROG\fP to the commands you
+wish to run in place of making a direct socket connection.  The string may
+contain the escape "%H" to represent the hostname specified in the rsync
+command (so use "%%" if you need a single "%" in your string).  For example:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+export RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG='ssh proxyhost nc %H 873'
+rsync -av targethost1::module/src/ /dest/
+rsync -av rsync://targethost2/module/src/ /dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The command specified above uses ssh to run nc (netcat) on a proxyhost, which
+forwards all data to port 873 (the rsync daemon) on the targethost (%H).
+.P
+Note also that if the \fBRSYNC_SHELL\fP environment variable is set, that
+program will be used to run the \fBRSYNC_CONNECT_PROG\fP command instead of using
+the default shell of the \fBsystem()\fP call.
+.P
+.SH "USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL CONNECTION"
+.P
+It is sometimes useful to use various features of an rsync daemon (such as
+named modules) without actually allowing any new socket connections into a
+system (other than what is already required to allow remote-shell access).
+Rsync supports connecting to a host using a remote shell and then spawning a
+single-use "daemon" server that expects to read its config file in the home dir
+of the remote user.  This can be useful if you want to encrypt a daemon-style
+transfer's data, but since the daemon is started up fresh by the remote user,
+you may not be able to use features such as chroot or change the uid used by
+the daemon. (For another way to encrypt a daemon transfer, consider using ssh
+to tunnel a local port to a remote machine and configure a normal rsync daemon
+on that remote host to only allow connections from "localhost".)
+.P
+From the user's perspective, a daemon transfer via a remote-shell connection
+uses nearly the same command-line syntax as a normal rsync-daemon transfer,
+with the only exception being that you must explicitly set the remote shell
+program on the command-line with the \fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP option. (Setting the
+RSYNC_RSH in the environment will not turn on this functionality.) For example:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av --rsh=ssh host::module /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+If you need to specify a different remote-shell user, keep in mind that the
+user@ prefix in front of the host is specifying the rsync-user value (for a
+module that requires user-based authentication).  This means that you must give
+the '\-l user' option to ssh when specifying the remote-shell, as in this
+example that uses the short version of the \fB\-\-rsh\fP option:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av -e "ssh -l ssh-user" rsync-user@host::module /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The "ssh-user" will be used at the ssh level; the "rsync-user" will be used to
+log-in to the "module".
+.P
+In this setup, the daemon is started by the ssh command that is accessing the
+system (which can be forced via the \fB~/.ssh/authorized_keys\fP file, if desired).
+However, when accessing a daemon directly, it needs to be started beforehand.
+.P
+.SH "STARTING AN RSYNC DAEMON TO ACCEPT CONNECTIONS"
+.P
+In order to connect to an rsync daemon, the remote system needs to have a
+daemon already running (or it needs to have configured something like inetd to
+spawn an rsync daemon for incoming connections on a particular port).  For full
+information on how to start a daemon that will handling incoming socket
+connections, see the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) manpage\ \-\- that is
+the config file for the daemon, and it contains the full details for how to run
+the daemon (including stand-alone and inetd configurations).
+.P
+If you're using one of the remote-shell transports for the transfer, there is
+no need to manually start an rsync daemon.
+.P
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.P
+Here are some examples of how rsync can be used.
+.P
+To backup a home directory, which consists of large MS Word files and mail
+folders, a per-user cron job can be used that runs this each day:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiz . bkhost:backup/joe/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+To move some files from a remote host to the local host, you could run:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiv --remove-source-files rhost:/tmp/{file1,file2}.c ~/src/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+.SH "OPTION SUMMARY"
+.P
+Here is a short summary of the options available in rsync.  Each option also
+has its own detailed description later in this manpage.
+.P
+.nf
+--verbose, -v            increase verbosity
+--info=FLAGS             fine-grained informational verbosity
+--debug=FLAGS            fine-grained debug verbosity
+--stderr=e|a|c           change stderr output mode (default: errors)
+--quiet, -q              suppress non-error messages
+--no-motd                suppress daemon-mode MOTD
+--checksum, -c           skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
+--archive, -a            archive mode is -rlptgoD (no -A,-X,-U,-N,-H)
+--no-OPTION              turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
+--recursive, -r          recurse into directories
+--relative, -R           use relative path names
+--no-implied-dirs        don't send implied dirs with --relative
+--backup, -b             make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
+--backup-dir=DIR         make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
+--suffix=SUFFIX          backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
+--update, -u             skip files that are newer on the receiver
+--inplace                update destination files in-place
+--append                 append data onto shorter files
+--append-verify          --append w/old data in file checksum
+--dirs, -d               transfer directories without recursing
+--old-dirs, --old-d      works like --dirs when talking to old rsync
+--mkpath                 create destination's missing path components
+--links, -l              copy symlinks as symlinks
+--copy-links, -L         transform symlink into referent file/dir
+--copy-unsafe-links      only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
+--safe-links             ignore symlinks that point outside the tree
+--munge-links            munge symlinks to make them safe & unusable
+--copy-dirlinks, -k      transform symlink to dir into referent dir
+--keep-dirlinks, -K      treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
+--hard-links, -H         preserve hard links
+--perms, -p              preserve permissions
+--executability, -E      preserve executability
+--chmod=CHMOD            affect file and/or directory permissions
+--acls, -A               preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
+--xattrs, -X             preserve extended attributes
+--owner, -o              preserve owner (super-user only)
+--group, -g              preserve group
+--devices                preserve device files (super-user only)
+--copy-devices           copy device contents as a regular file
+--write-devices          write to devices as files (implies --inplace)
+--specials               preserve special files
+-D                       same as --devices --specials
+--times, -t              preserve modification times
+--atimes, -U             preserve access (use) times
+--open-noatime           avoid changing the atime on opened files
+--crtimes, -N            preserve create times (newness)
+--omit-dir-times, -O     omit directories from --times
+--omit-link-times, -J    omit symlinks from --times
+--super                  receiver attempts super-user activities
+--fake-super             store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
+--sparse, -S             turn sequences of nulls into sparse blocks
+--preallocate            allocate dest files before writing them
+--dry-run, -n            perform a trial run with no changes made
+--whole-file, -W         copy files whole (w/o delta-xfer algorithm)
+--checksum-choice=STR    choose the checksum algorithm (aka --cc)
+--one-file-system, -x    don't cross filesystem boundaries
+--block-size=SIZE, -B    force a fixed checksum block-size
+--rsh=COMMAND, -e        specify the remote shell to use
+--rsync-path=PROGRAM     specify the rsync to run on remote machine
+--existing               skip creating new files on receiver
+--ignore-existing        skip updating files that exist on receiver
+--remove-source-files    sender removes synchronized files (non-dir)
+--del                    an alias for --delete-during
+--delete                 delete extraneous files from dest dirs
+--delete-before          receiver deletes before xfer, not during
+--delete-during          receiver deletes during the transfer
+--delete-delay           find deletions during, delete after
+--delete-after           receiver deletes after transfer, not during
+--delete-excluded        also delete excluded files from dest dirs
+--ignore-missing-args    ignore missing source args without error
+--delete-missing-args    delete missing source args from destination
+--ignore-errors          delete even if there are I/O errors
+--force                  force deletion of dirs even if not empty
+--max-delete=NUM         don't delete more than NUM files
+--max-size=SIZE          don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
+--min-size=SIZE          don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
+--max-alloc=SIZE         change a limit relating to memory alloc
+--partial                keep partially transferred files
+--partial-dir=DIR        put a partially transferred file into DIR
+--delay-updates          put all updated files into place at end
+--prune-empty-dirs, -m   prune empty directory chains from file-list
+--numeric-ids            don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
+--usermap=STRING         custom username mapping
+--groupmap=STRING        custom groupname mapping
+--chown=USER:GROUP       simple username/groupname mapping
+--timeout=SECONDS        set I/O timeout in seconds
+--contimeout=SECONDS     set daemon connection timeout in seconds
+--ignore-times, -I       don't skip files that match size and time
+--size-only              skip files that match in size
+--modify-window=NUM, -@  set the accuracy for mod-time comparisons
+--temp-dir=DIR, -T       create temporary files in directory DIR
+--fuzzy, -y              find similar file for basis if no dest file
+--compare-dest=DIR       also compare destination files relative to DIR
+--copy-dest=DIR          ... and include copies of unchanged files
+--link-dest=DIR          hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
+--compress, -z           compress file data during the transfer
+--compress-choice=STR    choose the compression algorithm (aka --zc)
+--compress-level=NUM     explicitly set compression level (aka --zl)
+--skip-compress=LIST     skip compressing files with suffix in LIST
+--cvs-exclude, -C        auto-ignore files in the same way CVS does
+--filter=RULE, -f        add a file-filtering RULE
+-F                       same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
+                         repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
+--exclude=PATTERN        exclude files matching PATTERN
+--exclude-from=FILE      read exclude patterns from FILE
+--include=PATTERN        don't exclude files matching PATTERN
+--include-from=FILE      read include patterns from FILE
+--files-from=FILE        read list of source-file names from FILE
+--from0, -0              all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
+--old-args               disable the modern arg-protection idiom
+--secluded-args, -s      use the protocol to safely send the args
+--trust-sender           trust the remote sender's file list
+--copy-as=USER[:GROUP]   specify user & optional group for the copy
+--address=ADDRESS        bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
+--port=PORT              specify double-colon alternate port number
+--sockopts=OPTIONS       specify custom TCP options
+--blocking-io            use blocking I/O for the remote shell
+--outbuf=N|L|B           set out buffering to None, Line, or Block
+--stats                  give some file-transfer stats
+--8-bit-output, -8       leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
+--human-readable, -h     output numbers in a human-readable format
+--progress               show progress during transfer
+-P                       same as --partial --progress
+--itemize-changes, -i    output a change-summary for all updates
+--remote-option=OPT, -M  send OPTION to the remote side only
+--out-format=FORMAT      output updates using the specified FORMAT
+--log-file=FILE          log what we're doing to the specified FILE
+--log-file-format=FMT    log updates using the specified FMT
+--password-file=FILE     read daemon-access password from FILE
+--early-input=FILE       use FILE for daemon's early exec input
+--list-only              list the files instead of copying them
+--bwlimit=RATE           limit socket I/O bandwidth
+--stop-after=MINS        Stop rsync after MINS minutes have elapsed
+--stop-at=y-m-dTh:m      Stop rsync at the specified point in time
+--fsync                  fsync every written file
+--write-batch=FILE       write a batched update to FILE
+--only-write-batch=FILE  like --write-batch but w/o updating dest
+--read-batch=FILE        read a batched update from FILE
+--protocol=NUM           force an older protocol version to be used
+--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC     request charset conversion of filenames
+--checksum-seed=NUM      set block/file checksum seed (advanced)
+--ipv4, -4               prefer IPv4
+--ipv6, -6               prefer IPv6
+--version, -V            print the version + other info and exit
+--help, -h (*)           show this help (* -h is help only on its own)
+.fi
+.P
+Rsync can also be run as a daemon, in which case the following options are
+accepted:
+.P
+.nf
+--daemon                 run as an rsync daemon
+--address=ADDRESS        bind to the specified address
+--bwlimit=RATE           limit socket I/O bandwidth
+--config=FILE            specify alternate rsyncd.conf file
+--dparam=OVERRIDE, -M    override global daemon config parameter
+--no-detach              do not detach from the parent
+--port=PORT              listen on alternate port number
+--log-file=FILE          override the "log file" setting
+--log-file-format=FMT    override the "log format" setting
+--sockopts=OPTIONS       specify custom TCP options
+--verbose, -v            increase verbosity
+--ipv4, -4               prefer IPv4
+--ipv6, -6               prefer IPv6
+--help, -h               show this help (when used with --daemon)
+.fi
+.P
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.P
+Rsync accepts both long (double-dash + word) and short (single-dash + letter)
+options.  The full list of the available options are described below.  If an
+option can be specified in more than one way, the choices are comma-separated.
+Some options only have a long variant, not a short.
+.P
+If the option takes a parameter, the parameter is only listed after the long
+variant, even though it must also be specified for the short.  When specifying
+a parameter, you can either use the form \fB\-\-option=param\fP, \fB\-\-option\ param\fP,
+\fB\-o=param\fP, \fB\-o\ param\fP, or \fB\-oparam\fP (the latter choices assume that your
+option has a short variant).
+.P
+The parameter may need to be quoted in some manner for it to survive the
+shell's command-line parsing.  Also keep in mind that a leading tilde (\fB~\fP) in
+a pathname is substituted by your shell, so make sure that you separate the
+option name from the pathname using a space if you want the local shell to
+expand it.
+.P
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fP"
+Print a short help page describing the options available in rsync and exit.
+You can also use \fB\-h\fP for \fB\-\-help\fP when it is used without any other
+options (since it normally means \fB\-\-human-readable\fP).
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fP, \fB\-V\fP"
+Print the rsync version plus other info and exit.  When repeated, the
+information is output is a JSON format that is still fairly readable
+(client side only).
+.IP
+The output includes a list of compiled-in capabilities, a list of
+optimizations, the default list of checksum algorithms, the default list of
+compression algorithms, the default list of daemon auth digests, a link to
+the rsync web site, and a few other items.
+.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fP, \fB\-v\fP"
+This option increases the amount of information you are given during the
+transfer.  By default, rsync works silently.  A single \fB\-v\fP will give you
+information about what files are being transferred and a brief summary at
+the end.  Two \fB\-v\fP options will give you information on what files are
+being skipped and slightly more information at the end.  More than two \fB\-v\fP
+options should only be used if you are debugging rsync.
+.IP
+The end-of-run summary tells you the number of bytes sent to the remote
+rsync (which is the receiving side on a local copy), the number of bytes
+received from the remote host, and the average bytes per second of the
+transferred data computed over the entire length of the rsync run. The
+second line shows the total size (in bytes), which is the sum of all the
+file sizes that rsync considered transferring.  It also shows a "speedup"
+value, which is a ratio of the total file size divided by the sum of the
+sent and received bytes (which is really just a feel-good bigger-is-better
+number).  Note that these byte values can be made more (or less)
+human-readable by using the \fB\-\-human-readable\fP (or
+\fB\-\-no-human-readable\fP) options.
+.IP
+In a modern rsync, the \fB\-v\fP option is equivalent to the setting of groups
+of \fB\-\-info\fP and \fB\-\-debug\fP options.  You can choose to use
+these newer options in addition to, or in place of using \fB\-\-verbose\fP, as
+any fine-grained settings override the implied settings of \fB\-v\fP.  Both
+\fB\-\-info\fP and \fB\-\-debug\fP have a way to ask for help that
+tells you exactly what flags are set for each increase in verbosity.
+.IP
+However, do keep in mind that a daemon's "\fBmax\ verbosity\fP" setting will limit
+how high of a level the various individual flags can be set on the daemon
+side.  For instance, if the max is 2, then any info and/or debug flag that
+is set to a higher value than what would be set by \fB\-vv\fP will be downgraded
+to the \fB\-vv\fP level in the daemon's logging.
+.IP "\fB\-\-info=FLAGS\fP"
+This option lets you have fine-grained control over the information output
+you want to see.  An individual flag name may be followed by a level
+number, with 0 meaning to silence that output, 1 being the default output
+level, and higher numbers increasing the output of that flag (for those
+that support higher levels).  Use \fB\-\-info=help\fP to see all the available
+flag names, what they output, and what flag names are added for each
+increase in the verbose level.  Some examples:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -a --info=progress2 src/ dest/
+rsync -avv --info=stats2,misc1,flist0 src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+Note that \fB\-\-info=name\fP's output is affected by the \fB\-\-out-format\fP
+and \fB\-\-itemize-changes\fP (\fB\-i\fP) options.  See those options for more
+information on what is output and when.
+.IP
+This option was added to 3.1.0, so an older rsync on the server side might
+reject your attempts at fine-grained control (if one or more flags needed
+to be send to the server and the server was too old to understand them).
+See also the "\fBmax\ verbosity\fP" caveat above when dealing with a daemon.
+.IP "\fB\-\-debug=FLAGS\fP"
+This option lets you have fine-grained control over the debug output you
+want to see.  An individual flag name may be followed by a level number,
+with 0 meaning to silence that output, 1 being the default output level,
+and higher numbers increasing the output of that flag (for those that
+support higher levels).  Use \fB\-\-debug=help\fP to see all the available flag
+names, what they output, and what flag names are added for each increase in
+the verbose level.  Some examples:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avvv --debug=none src/ dest/
+rsync -avA --del --debug=del2,acl src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+Note that some debug messages will only be output when the \fB\-\-stderr=all\fP
+option is specified, especially those pertaining to I/O and buffer debugging.
+.IP
+Beginning in 3.2.0, this option is no longer auto-forwarded to the server
+side in order to allow you to specify different debug values for each side
+of the transfer, as well as to specify a new debug option that is only
+present in one of the rsync versions.  If you want to duplicate the same
+option on both sides, using brace expansion is an easy way to save you some
+typing.  This works in zsh and bash:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -aiv {-M,}--debug=del2 src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-stderr=errors|all|client\fP"
+This option controls which processes output to stderr and if info messages
+are also changed to stderr.  The mode strings can be abbreviated, so feel
+free to use a single letter value.  The 3 possible choices are:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+\fBerrors\fP \- (the default) causes all the rsync processes to send an
+error directly to stderr, even if the process is on the remote side of
+the transfer.  Info messages are sent to the client side via the protocol
+stream.  If stderr is not available (i.e. when directly connecting with a
+daemon via a socket) errors fall back to being sent via the protocol
+stream.
+.IP o
+\fBall\fP \- causes all rsync messages (info and error) to get written
+directly to stderr from all (possible) processes.  This causes stderr to
+become line-buffered (instead of raw) and eliminates the ability to
+divide up the info and error messages by file handle.  For those doing
+debugging or using several levels of verbosity, this option can help to
+avoid clogging up the transfer stream (which should prevent any chance of
+a deadlock bug hanging things up).  It also allows \fB\-\-debug\fP to
+enable some extra I/O related messages.
+.IP o
+\fBclient\fP \- causes all rsync messages to be sent to the client side
+via the protocol stream.  One client process outputs all messages, with
+errors on stderr and info messages on stdout.  This \fBwas\fP the default
+in older rsync versions, but can cause error delays when a lot of
+transfer data is ahead of the messages.  If you're pushing files to an
+older rsync, you may want to use \fB\-\-stderr=all\fP since that idiom has
+been around for several releases.
+.RE
+.IP
+This option was added in rsync 3.2.3.  This version also began the
+forwarding of a non-default setting to the remote side, though rsync uses
+the backward-compatible options \fB\-\-msgs2stderr\fP and \fB\-\-no-msgs2stderr\fP to
+represent the \fBall\fP and \fBclient\fP settings, respectively.  A newer rsync
+will continue to accept these older option names to maintain compatibility.
+.IP "\fB\-\-quiet\fP, \fB\-q\fP"
+This option decreases the amount of information you are given during the
+transfer, notably suppressing information messages from the remote server.
+This option is useful when invoking rsync from cron.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no-motd\fP"
+This option affects the information that is output by the client at the
+start of a daemon transfer.  This suppresses the message-of-the-day (MOTD)
+text, but it also affects the list of modules that the daemon sends in
+response to the "rsync host::" request (due to a limitation in the rsync
+protocol), so omit this option if you want to request the list of modules
+from the daemon.
+.IP "\fB\-\-ignore-times\fP, \fB\-I\fP"
+Normally rsync will skip any files that are already the same size and have
+the same modification timestamp.  This option turns off this "quick check"
+behavior, causing all files to be updated.
+.IP
+This option can be confusing compared to \fB\-\-ignore-existing\fP and
+\fB\-\-ignore-non-existing\fP in that that they cause rsync to transfer
+fewer files, while this option causes rsync to transfer more files.
+.IP "\fB\-\-size-only\fP"
+This modifies rsync's "quick check" algorithm for finding files that need
+to be transferred, changing it from the default of transferring files with
+either a changed size or a changed last-modified time to just looking for
+files that have changed in size.  This is useful when starting to use rsync
+after using another mirroring system which may not preserve timestamps
+exactly.
+.IP "\fB\-\-modify-window=NUM\fP, \fB\-@\fP"
+When comparing two timestamps, rsync treats the timestamps as being equal
+if they differ by no more than the modify-window value.  The default is 0,
+which matches just integer seconds.  If you specify a negative value (and
+the receiver is at least version 3.1.3) then nanoseconds will also be taken
+into account.  Specifying 1 is useful for copies to/from MS Windows FAT
+filesystems, because FAT represents times with a 2-second resolution
+(allowing times to differ from the original by up to 1 second).
+.IP
+If you want all your transfers to default to comparing nanoseconds, you can
+create a \fB~/.popt\fP file and put these lines in it:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync alias -a -a@-1
+rsync alias -t -t@-1
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+With that as the default, you'd need to specify \fB\-\-modify-window=0\fP (aka
+\fB\-@0\fP) to override it and ignore nanoseconds, e.g. if you're copying
+between ext3 and ext4, or if the receiving rsync is older than 3.1.3.
+.IP "\fB\-\-checksum\fP, \fB\-c\fP"
+This changes the way rsync checks if the files have been changed and are in
+need of a transfer.  Without this option, rsync uses a "quick check" that
+(by default) checks if each file's size and time of last modification match
+between the sender and receiver.  This option changes this to compare a
+128-bit checksum for each file that has a matching size.  Generating the
+checksums means that both sides will expend a lot of disk I/O reading all
+the data in the files in the transfer, so this can slow things down
+significantly (and this is prior to any reading that will be done to
+transfer changed files)
+.IP
+The sending side generates its checksums while it is doing the file-system
+scan that builds the list of the available files.  The receiver generates
+its checksums when it is scanning for changed files, and will checksum any
+file that has the same size as the corresponding sender's file: files with
+either a changed size or a changed checksum are selected for transfer.
+.IP
+Note that rsync always verifies that each \fItransferred\fP file was correctly
+reconstructed on the receiving side by checking a whole-file checksum that
+is generated as the file is transferred, but that automatic
+after-the-transfer verification has nothing to do with this option's
+before-the-transfer "Does this file need to be updated?" check.
+.IP
+The checksum used is auto-negotiated between the client and the server, but
+can be overridden using either the \fB\-\-checksum-choice\fP (\fB\-\-cc\fP)
+option or an environment variable that is discussed in that option's
+section.
+.IP "\fB\-\-archive\fP, \fB\-a\fP"
+This is equivalent to \fB\-rlptgoD\fP.  It is a quick way of saying you want
+recursion and want to preserve almost everything.  Be aware that it does
+\fBnot\fP include preserving ACLs (\fB\-A\fP), xattrs (\fB\-X\fP), atimes (\fB\-U\fP),
+crtimes (\fB\-N\fP), nor the finding and preserving of hardlinks (\fB\-H\fP).
+.IP
+The only exception to the above equivalence is when \fB\-\-files-from\fP
+is specified, in which case \fB\-r\fP is not implied.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no-OPTION\fP"
+You may turn off one or more implied options by prefixing the option name
+with "no-".  Not all positive options have a negated opposite, but a lot
+do, including those that can be used to disable an implied option (e.g.
+\fB\-\-no-D\fP, \fB\-\-no-perms\fP) or have different defaults in various circumstances
+(e.g. \fB\-\-no-whole-file\fP, \fB\-\-no-blocking-io\fP, \fB\-\-no-dirs\fP).  Every
+valid negated option accepts both the short and the long option name after
+the "no-" prefix (e.g. \fB\-\-no-R\fP is the same as \fB\-\-no-relative\fP).
+.IP
+As an example, if you want to use \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) but don't want
+\fB\-\-owner\fP (\fB\-o\fP), instead of converting \fB\-a\fP into \fB\-rlptgD\fP, you
+can specify \fB\-a\ \-\-no-o\fP (aka \fB\-\-archive\ \-\-no-owner\fP).
+.IP
+The order of the options is important: if you specify \fB\-\-no-r\ \-a\fP, the \fB\-r\fP
+option would end up being turned on, the opposite of \fB\-a\ \-\-no-r\fP.  Note
+also that the side-effects of the \fB\-\-files-from\fP option are NOT
+positional, as it affects the default state of several options and slightly
+changes the meaning of \fB\-a\fP (see the \fB\-\-files-from\fP option
+for more details).
+.IP "\fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-r\fP"
+This tells rsync to copy directories recursively.  See also
+\fB\-\-dirs\fP (\fB\-d\fP) for an option that allows the scanning of a single
+directory.
+.IP
+See the \fB\-\-inc-recursive\fP option for a discussion of the
+incremental recursion for creating the list of files to transfer.
+.IP "\fB\-\-inc-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-i-r\fP"
+This option explicitly enables on incremental recursion when scanning for
+files, which is enabled by default when using the \fB\-\-recursive\fP
+option and both sides of the transfer are running rsync 3.0.0 or newer.
+.IP
+Incremental recursion uses much less memory than non-incremental, while
+also beginning the transfer more quickly (since it doesn't need to scan the
+entire transfer hierarchy before it starts transferring files).  If no
+recursion is enabled in the source files, this option has no effect.
+.IP
+Some options require rsync to know the full file list, so these options
+disable the incremental recursion mode.  These include:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+\fB\-\-delete-before\fP (the old default of \fB\-\-delete\fP)
+.IP o
+\fB\-\-delete-after\fP
+.IP o
+\fB\-\-prune-empty-dirs\fP
+.IP o
+\fB\-\-delay-updates\fP
+.RE
+.IP
+In order to make \fB\-\-delete\fP compatible with incremental recursion,
+rsync 3.0.0 made \fB\-\-delete-during\fP the default delete mode (which
+was first added in 2.6.4).
+.IP
+One side-effect of incremental recursion is that any missing
+sub-directories inside a recursively-scanned directory are (by default)
+created prior to recursing into the sub-dirs.  This earlier creation point
+(compared to a non-incremental recursion) allows rsync to then set the
+modify time of the finished directory right away (without having to delay
+that until a bunch of recursive copying has finished).  However, these
+early directories don't yet have their completed mode, mtime, or ownership
+set\ \-\- they have more restrictive rights until the subdirectory's copying
+actually begins.  This early-creation idiom can be avoided by using the
+\fB\-\-omit-dir-times\fP option.
+.IP
+Incremental recursion can be disabled using the
+\fB\-\-no-inc-recursive\fP (\fB\-\-no-i-r\fP) option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no-inc-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-no-i-r\fP"
+Disables the new incremental recursion algorithm of the
+\fB\-\-recursive\fP option.  This makes rsync scan the full file list
+before it begins to transfer files.  See \fB\-\-inc-recursive\fP for more
+info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-relative\fP, \fB\-R\fP"
+Use relative paths.  This means that the full path names specified on the
+command line are sent to the server rather than just the last parts of the
+filenames.  This is particularly useful when you want to send several
+different directories at the same time.  For example, if you used this
+command:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av /foo/bar/baz.c remote:/tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+would create a file named baz.c in /tmp/ on the remote machine.  If instead
+you used
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avR /foo/bar/baz.c remote:/tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+then a file named /tmp/foo/bar/baz.c would be created on the remote
+machine, preserving its full path.  These extra path elements are called
+"implied directories" (i.e. the "foo" and the "foo/bar" directories in the
+above example).
+.IP
+Beginning with rsync 3.0.0, rsync always sends these implied directories as
+real directories in the file list, even if a path element is really a
+symlink on the sending side.  This prevents some really unexpected behaviors
+when copying the full path of a file that you didn't realize had a symlink
+in its path.  If you want to duplicate a server-side symlink, include both
+the symlink via its path, and referent directory via its real path.  If
+you're dealing with an older rsync on the sending side, you may need to use
+the \fB\-\-no-implied-dirs\fP option.
+.IP
+It is also possible to limit the amount of path information that is sent as
+implied directories for each path you specify.  With a modern rsync on the
+sending side (beginning with 2.6.7), you can insert a dot and a slash into
+the source path, like this:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avR /foo/./bar/baz.c remote:/tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+That would create /tmp/bar/baz.c on the remote machine. (Note that the dot
+must be followed by a slash, so "/foo/." would not be abbreviated.) For
+older rsync versions, you would need to use a chdir to limit the source
+path.  For example, when pushing files:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+(cd /foo; rsync -avR bar/baz.c remote:/tmp/)
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+(Note that the parens put the two commands into a sub-shell, so that the
+"cd" command doesn't remain in effect for future commands.) If you're
+pulling files from an older rsync, use this idiom (but only for a
+non-daemon transfer):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avR --rsync-path="cd /foo; rsync" \\
+     remote:bar/baz.c /tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-no-implied-dirs\fP"
+This option affects the default behavior of the \fB\-\-relative\fP option.  When
+it is specified, the attributes of the implied directories from the source
+names are not included in the transfer.  This means that the corresponding
+path elements on the destination system are left unchanged if they exist,
+and any missing implied directories are created with default attributes.
+This even allows these implied path elements to have big differences, such
+as being a symlink to a directory on the receiving side.
+.IP
+For instance, if a command-line arg or a files-from entry told rsync to
+transfer the file "path/foo/file", the directories "path" and "path/foo"
+are implied when \fB\-\-relative\fP is used.  If "path/foo" is a symlink to "bar"
+on the destination system, the receiving rsync would ordinarily delete
+"path/foo", recreate it as a directory, and receive the file into the new
+directory.  With \fB\-\-no-implied-dirs\fP, the receiving rsync updates
+"path/foo/file" using the existing path elements, which means that the file
+ends up being created in "path/bar".  Another way to accomplish this link
+preservation is to use the \fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP option (which will also affect
+symlinks to directories in the rest of the transfer).
+.IP
+When pulling files from an rsync older than 3.0.0, you may need to use this
+option if the sending side has a symlink in the path you request and you
+wish the implied directories to be transferred as normal directories.
+.IP "\fB\-\-backup\fP, \fB\-b\fP"
+With this option, preexisting destination files are renamed as each file is
+transferred or deleted.  You can control where the backup file goes and
+what (if any) suffix gets appended using the \fB\-\-backup-dir\fP and
+\fB\-\-suffix\fP options.
+.IP
+If you don't specify \fB\-\-backup-dir\fP:
+.RS
+.IP
+.IP 1.
+the \fB\-\-omit-dir-times\fP option will be forced on
+.IP 2.
+the use of \fB\-\-delete\fP (without \fB\-\-delete-excluded\fP),
+causes rsync to add a "protect" filter-rule for the
+backup suffix to the end of all your existing filters that looks like
+this: \fB\-f\ "P\ *~"\fP.  This rule prevents previously backed-up files from
+being deleted.
+.RE
+.IP
+Note that if you are supplying your own filter rules, you may need to
+manually insert your own exclude/protect rule somewhere higher up in the
+list so that it has a high enough priority to be effective (e.g. if your
+rules specify a trailing inclusion/exclusion of \fB*\fP, the auto-added rule
+would never be reached).
+.IP "\fB\-\-backup-dir=DIR\fP"
+This implies the \fB\-\-backup\fP option, and tells rsync to store all
+backups in the specified directory on the receiving side.  This can be used
+for incremental backups.  You can additionally specify a backup suffix
+using the \fB\-\-suffix\fP option (otherwise the files backed up in the
+specified directory will keep their original filenames).
+.IP
+Note that if you specify a relative path, the backup directory will be
+relative to the destination directory, so you probably want to specify
+either an absolute path or a path that starts with "../".  If an rsync
+daemon is the receiver, the backup dir cannot go outside the module's path
+hierarchy, so take extra care not to delete it or copy into it.
+.IP "\fB\-\-suffix=SUFFIX\fP"
+This option allows you to override the default backup suffix used with the
+\fB\-\-backup\fP (\fB\-b\fP) option.  The default suffix is a \fB~\fP if no
+\fB\-\-backup-dir\fP was specified, otherwise it is an empty string.
+.IP "\fB\-\-update\fP, \fB\-u\fP"
+This forces rsync to skip any files which exist on the destination and have
+a modified time that is newer than the source file. (If an existing
+destination file has a modification time equal to the source file's, it
+will be updated if the sizes are different.)
+.IP
+Note that this does not affect the copying of dirs, symlinks, or other
+special files.  Also, a difference of file format between the sender and
+receiver is always considered to be important enough for an update, no
+matter what date is on the objects.  In other words, if the source has a
+directory where the destination has a file, the transfer would occur
+regardless of the timestamps.
+.IP
+This option is a TRANSFER RULE, so don't expect any
+exclude side effects.
+.IP
+A caution for those that choose to combine \fB\-\-inplace\fP with
+\fB\-\-update\fP: an interrupted transfer will leave behind a partial file on the
+receiving side that has a very recent modified time, so re-running the
+transfer will probably \fBnot\fP continue the interrupted file.  As such, it
+is usually best to avoid combining this with \fB\-\-inplace\fP unless you
+have implemented manual steps to handle any interrupted in-progress files.
+.IP "\fB\-\-inplace\fP"
+This option changes how rsync transfers a file when its data needs to be
+updated: instead of the default method of creating a new copy of the file
+and moving it into place when it is complete, rsync instead writes the
+updated data directly to the destination file.
+.IP
+This has several effects:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+Hard links are not broken.  This means the new data will be visible
+through other hard links to the destination file.  Moreover, attempts to
+copy differing source files onto a multiply-linked destination file will
+result in a "tug of war" with the destination data changing back and
+forth.
+.IP o
+In-use binaries cannot be updated (either the OS will prevent this from
+happening, or binaries that attempt to swap-in their data will misbehave
+or crash).
+.IP o
+The file's data will be in an inconsistent state during the transfer and
+will be left that way if the transfer is interrupted or if an update
+fails.
+.IP o
+A file that rsync cannot write to cannot be updated.  While a super user
+can update any file, a normal user needs to be granted write permission
+for the open of the file for writing to be successful.
+.IP o
+The efficiency of rsync's delta-transfer algorithm may be reduced if some
+data in the destination file is overwritten before it can be copied to a
+position later in the file.  This does not apply if you use \fB\-\-backup\fP,
+since rsync is smart enough to use the backup file as the basis file for
+the transfer.
+.RE
+.IP
+WARNING: you should not use this option to update files that are being
+accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.
+.IP
+This option is useful for transferring large files with block-based changes
+or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network
+bound.  It can also help keep a copy-on-write filesystem snapshot from
+diverging the entire contents of a file that only has minor changes.
+.IP
+The option implies \fB\-\-partial\fP (since an interrupted transfer does
+not delete the file), but conflicts with \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP and
+\fB\-\-delay-updates\fP.  Prior to rsync 2.6.4 \fB\-\-inplace\fP was also
+incompatible with \fB\-\-compare-dest\fP and \fB\-\-link-dest\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-append\fP"
+This special copy mode only works to efficiently update files that are
+known to be growing larger where any existing content on the receiving side
+is also known to be the same as the content on the sender.  The use of
+\fB\-\-append\fP \fBcan be dangerous\fP if you aren't 100% sure that all the files
+in the transfer are shared, growing files.  You should thus use filter
+rules to ensure that you weed out any files that do not fit this criteria.
+.IP
+Rsync updates these growing file in-place without verifying any of the
+existing content in the file (it only verifies the content that it is
+appending).  Rsync skips any files that exist on the receiving side that
+are not shorter than the associated file on the sending side (which means
+that new files are transferred).  It also skips any files whose size on the
+sending side gets shorter during the send negotiations (rsync warns about a
+"diminished" file when this happens).
+.IP
+This does not interfere with the updating of a file's non-content
+attributes (e.g.  permissions, ownership, etc.) when the file does not need
+to be transferred, nor does it affect the updating of any directories or
+non-regular files.
+.IP "\fB\-\-append-verify\fP"
+This special copy mode works like \fB\-\-append\fP except that all the
+data in the file is included in the checksum verification (making it less
+efficient but also potentially safer).  This option \fBcan be dangerous\fP if
+you aren't 100% sure that all the files in the transfer are shared, growing
+files.  See the \fB\-\-append\fP option for more details.
+.IP
+Note: prior to rsync 3.0.0, the \fB\-\-append\fP option worked like
+\fB\-\-append-verify\fP, so if you are interacting with an older rsync (or the
+transfer is using a protocol prior to 30), specifying either append option
+will initiate an \fB\-\-append-verify\fP transfer.
+.IP "\fB\-\-dirs\fP, \fB\-d\fP"
+Tell the sending side to include any directories that are encountered.
+Unlike \fB\-\-recursive\fP, a directory's contents are not copied unless
+the directory name specified is "." or ends with a trailing slash (e.g.
+".", "dir/.", "dir/", etc.).  Without this option or the
+\fB\-\-recursive\fP option, rsync will skip all directories it encounters
+(and output a message to that effect for each one).  If you specify both
+\fB\-\-dirs\fP and \fB\-\-recursive\fP, \fB\-\-recursive\fP takes precedence.
+.IP
+The \fB\-\-dirs\fP option is implied by the \fB\-\-files-from\fP option or the
+\fB\-\-list-only\fP option (including an implied \fB\-\-list-only\fP
+usage) if \fB\-\-recursive\fP wasn't specified (so that directories are
+seen in the listing).  Specify \fB\-\-no-dirs\fP (or \fB\-\-no-d\fP) if you want to
+turn this off.
+.IP
+There is also a backward-compatibility helper option, \fB\-\-old-dirs\fP
+(\fB\-\-old-d\fP) that tells rsync to use a hack of \fB\-r\ \-\-exclude='/*/*'\fP to get
+an older rsync to list a single directory without recursing.
+.IP "\fB\-\-mkpath\fP"
+Create all missing path components of the destination path.
+.IP
+By default, rsync allows only the final component of the destination path
+to not exist, which is an attempt to help you to validate your destination
+path.  With this option, rsync creates all the missing destination-path
+components, just as if \fBmkdir\ \-p\ $DEST_PATH\fP had been run on the receiving
+side.
+.IP
+When specifying a destination path, including a trailing slash ensures that
+the whole path is treated as directory names to be created, even when the
+file list has a single item. See the COPYING TO A DIFFERENT NAME
+section for full details on how rsync decides if a final destination-path
+component should be created as a directory or not.
+.IP
+If you would like the newly-created destination dirs to match the dirs on
+the sending side, you should be using \fB\-\-relative\fP (\fB\-R\fP) instead
+of \fB\-\-mkpath\fP.  For instance, the following two commands result in the same
+destination tree, but only the second command ensures that the
+"some/extra/path" components match the dirs on the sending side:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -ai --mkpath host:some/extra/path/*.c some/extra/path/
+rsync -aiR host:some/extra/path/*.c ./
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-links\fP, \fB\-l\fP"
+Add symlinks to the transferred files instead of noisily ignoring them with
+a "non-regular file" warning for each symlink encountered.  You can
+alternately silence the warning by specifying \fB\-\-info=nonreg0\fP.
+.IP
+The default handling of symlinks is to recreate each symlink's unchanged
+value on the receiving side.
+.IP
+See the SYMBOLIC LINKS section for multi-option info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-links\fP, \fB\-L\fP"
+The sender transforms each symlink encountered in the transfer into the
+referent item, following the symlink chain to the file or directory that it
+references.  If a symlink chain is broken, an error is output and the file
+is dropped from the transfer.
+.IP
+This option supersedes any other options that affect symlinks in the
+transfer, since there are no symlinks left in the transfer.
+.IP
+This option does not change the handling of existing symlinks on the
+receiving side, unlike versions of rsync prior to 2.6.3 which had the
+side-effect of telling the receiving side to also follow symlinks.  A
+modern rsync won't forward this option to a remote receiver (since only the
+sender needs to know about it), so this caveat should only affect someone
+using an rsync client older than 2.6.7 (which is when \fB\-L\fP stopped being
+forwarded to the receiver).
+.IP
+See the \fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP (\fB\-K\fP) if you need a symlink to a
+directory to be treated as a real directory on the receiving side.
+.IP
+See the SYMBOLIC LINKS section for multi-option info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP"
+This tells rsync to copy the referent of symbolic links that point outside
+the copied tree.  Absolute symlinks are also treated like ordinary files,
+and so are any symlinks in the source path itself when \fB\-\-relative\fP
+is used.
+.IP
+Note that the cut-off point is the top of the transfer, which is the part
+of the path that rsync isn't mentioning in the verbose output.  If you copy
+"/src/subdir" to "/dest/" then the "subdir" directory is a name inside the
+transfer tree, not the top of the transfer (which is /src) so it is legal
+for created relative symlinks to refer to other names inside the /src and
+/dest directories.  If you instead copy "/src/subdir/" (with a trailing
+slash) to "/dest/subdir" that would not allow symlinks to any files outside
+of "subdir".
+.IP
+Note that safe symlinks are only copied if \fB\-\-links\fP was also
+specified or implied. The \fB\-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP option has no extra effect
+when combined with \fB\-\-copy-links\fP.
+.IP
+See the SYMBOLIC LINKS section for multi-option info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-safe-links\fP"
+This tells the receiving rsync to ignore any symbolic links in the transfer
+which point outside the copied tree.  All absolute symlinks are also
+ignored.
+.IP
+Since this ignoring is happening on the receiving side, it will still be
+effective even when the sending side has munged symlinks (when it is using
+\fB\-\-munge-links\fP). It also affects deletions, since the file being
+present in the transfer prevents any matching file on the receiver from
+being deleted when the symlink is deemed to be unsafe and is skipped.
+.IP
+This option must be combined with \fB\-\-links\fP (or
+\fB\-\-archive\fP) to have any symlinks in the transfer to conditionally
+ignore. Its effect is superseded by \fB\-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP.
+.IP
+Using this option in conjunction with \fB\-\-relative\fP may give
+unexpected results.
+.IP
+See the SYMBOLIC LINKS section for multi-option info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-munge-links\fP"
+This option affects just one side of the transfer and tells rsync to munge
+symlink values when it is receiving files or unmunge symlink values when it
+is sending files.  The munged values make the symlinks unusable on disk but
+allows the original contents of the symlinks to be recovered.
+.IP
+The server-side rsync often enables this option without the client's
+knowledge, such as in an rsync daemon's configuration file or by an option
+given to the rrsync (restricted rsync) script.  When specified on the
+client side, specify the option normally if it is the client side that
+has/needs the munged symlinks, or use \fB\-M\-\-munge-links\fP to give the option
+to the server when it has/needs the munged symlinks.  Note that on a local
+transfer, the client is the sender, so specifying the option directly
+unmunges symlinks while specifying it as a remote option munges symlinks.
+.IP
+This option has no effect when sent to a daemon via \fB\-\-remote-option\fP
+because the daemon configures whether it wants munged symlinks via its
+"\fBmunge\ symlinks\fP" parameter.
+.IP
+The symlink value is munged/unmunged once it is in the transfer, so any
+option that transforms symlinks into non-symlinks occurs prior to the
+munging/unmunging \fBexcept\fP for \fB\-\-safe-links\fP, which is a choice
+that the receiver makes, so it bases its decision on the munged/unmunged
+value.  This does mean that if a receiver has munging enabled, that using
+\fB\-\-safe-links\fP will cause all symlinks to be ignored (since they
+are all absolute).
+.IP
+The method that rsync uses to munge the symlinks is to prefix each one's
+value with the string "/rsyncd-munged/".  This prevents the links from
+being used as long as the directory does not exist.  When this option is
+enabled, rsync will refuse to run if that path is a directory or a symlink
+to a directory (though it only checks at startup).  See also the
+"munge-symlinks" python script in the support directory of the source code
+for a way to munge/unmunge one or more symlinks in-place.
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-dirlinks\fP, \fB\-k\fP"
+This option causes the sending side to treat a symlink to a directory as
+though it were a real directory.  This is useful if you don't want symlinks
+to non-directories to be affected, as they would be using
+\fB\-\-copy-links\fP.
+.IP
+Without this option, if the sending side has replaced a directory with a
+symlink to a directory, the receiving side will delete anything that is in
+the way of the new symlink, including a directory hierarchy (as long as
+\fB\-\-force\fP or \fB\-\-delete\fP is in effect).
+.IP
+See also \fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the
+receiving side.
+.IP
+\fB\-\-copy-dirlinks\fP applies to all symlinks to directories in the source.  If
+you want to follow only a few specified symlinks, a trick you can use is to
+pass them as additional source args with a trailing slash, using
+\fB\-\-relative\fP to make the paths match up right.  For example:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -r --relative src/./ src/./follow-me/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This works because rsync calls \fBlstat\fP(2) on the source arg as given, and
+the trailing slash makes \fBlstat\fP(2) follow the symlink, giving rise to a
+directory in the file-list which overrides the symlink found during the
+scan of "src/./".
+.IP
+See the SYMBOLIC LINKS section for multi-option info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP, \fB\-K\fP"
+This option causes the receiving side to treat a symlink to a directory as
+though it were a real directory, but only if it matches a real directory
+from the sender.  Without this option, the receiver's symlink would be
+deleted and replaced with a real directory.
+.IP
+For example, suppose you transfer a directory "foo" that contains a file
+"file", but "foo" is a symlink to directory "bar" on the receiver.  Without
+\fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP, the receiver deletes symlink "foo", recreates it as a
+directory, and receives the file into the new directory.  With
+\fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP, the receiver keeps the symlink and "file" ends up in
+"bar".
+.IP
+One note of caution: if you use \fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP, you must trust all the
+symlinks in the copy or enable the \fB\-\-munge-links\fP option on the
+receiving side!  If it is possible for an untrusted user to create their
+own symlink to any real directory, the user could then (on a subsequent
+copy) replace the symlink with a real directory and affect the content of
+whatever directory the symlink references.  For backup copies, you are
+better off using something like a bind mount instead of a symlink to modify
+your receiving hierarchy.
+.IP
+See also \fB\-\-copy-dirlinks\fP for an analogous option for the sending
+side.
+.IP
+See the SYMBOLIC LINKS section for multi-option info.
+.IP "\fB\-\-hard-links\fP, \fB\-H\fP"
+This tells rsync to look for hard-linked files in the source and link
+together the corresponding files on the destination.  Without this option,
+hard-linked files in the source are treated as though they were separate
+files.
+.IP
+This option does NOT necessarily ensure that the pattern of hard links on
+the destination exactly matches that on the source.  Cases in which the
+destination may end up with extra hard links include the following:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+If the destination contains extraneous hard-links (more linking than what
+is present in the source file list), the copying algorithm will not break
+them explicitly.  However, if one or more of the paths have content
+differences, the normal file-update process will break those extra links
+(unless you are using the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option).
+.IP o
+If you specify a \fB\-\-link-dest\fP directory that contains hard
+links, the linking of the destination files against the
+\fB\-\-link-dest\fP files can cause some paths in the destination to
+become linked together due to the \fB\-\-link-dest\fP associations.
+.RE
+.IP
+Note that rsync can only detect hard links between files that are inside
+the transfer set.  If rsync updates a file that has extra hard-link
+connections to files outside the transfer, that linkage will be broken.  If
+you are tempted to use the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option to avoid this breakage, be
+very careful that you know how your files are being updated so that you are
+certain that no unintended changes happen due to lingering hard links (and
+see the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option for more caveats).
+.IP
+If incremental recursion is active (see \fB\-\-inc-recursive\fP), rsync
+may transfer a missing hard-linked file before it finds that another link
+for that contents exists elsewhere in the hierarchy.  This does not affect
+the accuracy of the transfer (i.e. which files are hard-linked together),
+just its efficiency (i.e. copying the data for a new, early copy of a
+hard-linked file that could have been found later in the transfer in
+another member of the hard-linked set of files).  One way to avoid this
+inefficiency is to disable incremental recursion using the
+\fB\-\-no-inc-recursive\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-perms\fP, \fB\-p\fP"
+This option causes the receiving rsync to set the destination permissions
+to be the same as the source permissions. (See also the \fB\-\-chmod\fP
+option for a way to modify what rsync considers to be the source
+permissions.)
+.IP
+When this option is \fIoff\fP, permissions are set as follows:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+Existing files (including updated files) retain their existing
+permissions, though the \fB\-\-executability\fP option might change
+just the execute permission for the file.
+.IP o
+New files get their "normal" permission bits set to the source file's
+permissions masked with the receiving directory's default permissions
+(either the receiving process's umask, or the permissions specified via
+the destination directory's default ACL), and their special permission
+bits disabled except in the case where a new directory inherits a setgid
+bit from its parent directory.
+.RE
+.IP
+Thus, when \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP are both disabled, rsync's
+behavior is the same as that of other file-copy utilities, such as \fBcp\fP(1)
+and \fBtar\fP(1).
+.IP
+In summary: to give destination files (both old and new) the source
+permissions, use \fB\-\-perms\fP.  To give new files the destination-default
+permissions (while leaving existing files unchanged), make sure that the
+\fB\-\-perms\fP option is off and use \fB\-\-chmod=ugo=rwX\fP (which ensures
+that all non-masked bits get enabled).  If you'd care to make this latter
+behavior easier to type, you could define a popt alias for it, such as
+putting this line in the file \fB~/.popt\fP (the following defines the \fB\-Z\fP
+option, and includes \fB\-\-no-g\fP to use the default group of the destination
+dir):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync alias -Z --no-p --no-g --chmod=ugo=rwX
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+You could then use this new option in a command such as this one:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avZ src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+(Caveat: make sure that \fB\-a\fP does not follow \fB\-Z\fP, or it will re-enable the
+two \fB\-\-no-*\fP options mentioned above.)
+.IP
+The preservation of the destination's setgid bit on newly-created
+directories when \fB\-\-perms\fP is off was added in rsync 2.6.7.  Older rsync
+versions erroneously preserved the three special permission bits for
+newly-created files when \fB\-\-perms\fP was off, while overriding the
+destination's setgid bit setting on a newly-created directory.  Default ACL
+observance was added to the ACL patch for rsync 2.6.7, so older (or
+non-ACL-enabled) rsyncs use the umask even if default ACLs are present.
+(Keep in mind that it is the version of the receiving rsync that affects
+these behaviors.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-executability\fP, \fB\-E\fP"
+This option causes rsync to preserve the executability (or
+non-executability) of regular files when \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
+A regular file is considered to be executable if at least one 'x' is turned
+on in its permissions.  When an existing destination file's executability
+differs from that of the corresponding source file, rsync modifies the
+destination file's permissions as follows:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+To make a file non-executable, rsync turns off all its 'x' permissions.
+.IP o
+To make a file executable, rsync turns on each 'x' permission that has a
+corresponding 'r' permission enabled.
+.RE
+.IP
+If \fB\-\-perms\fP is enabled, this option is ignored.
+.IP "\fB\-\-acls\fP, \fB\-A\fP"
+This option causes rsync to update the destination ACLs to be the same as
+the source ACLs.  The option also implies \fB\-\-perms\fP.
+.IP
+The source and destination systems must have compatible ACL entries for
+this option to work properly.  See the \fB\-\-fake-super\fP option for a
+way to backup and restore ACLs that are not compatible.
+.IP "\fB\-\-xattrs\fP, \fB\-X\fP"
+This option causes rsync to update the destination extended attributes to
+be the same as the source ones.
+.IP
+For systems that support extended-attribute namespaces, a copy being done
+by a super-user copies all namespaces except system.*.  A normal user only
+copies the user.* namespace.  To be able to backup and restore non-user
+namespaces as a normal user, see the \fB\-\-fake-super\fP option.
+.IP
+The above name filtering can be overridden by using one or more filter
+options with the \fBx\fP modifier.  When you specify an xattr-affecting
+filter rule, rsync requires that you do your own system/user filtering, as
+well as any additional filtering for what xattr names are copied and what
+names are allowed to be deleted.  For example, to skip the system
+namespace, you could specify:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--filter='-x system.*'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+To skip all namespaces except the user namespace, you could specify a
+negated-user match:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--filter='-x! user.*'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+To prevent any attributes from being deleted, you could specify a
+receiver-only rule that excludes all names:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--filter='-xr *'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+Note that the \fB\-X\fP option does not copy rsync's special xattr values (e.g.
+those used by \fB\-\-fake-super\fP) unless you repeat the option (e.g. \fB\-XX\fP).
+This "copy all xattrs" mode cannot be used with \fB\-\-fake-super\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-chmod=CHMOD\fP"
+This option tells rsync to apply one or more comma-separated "chmod" modes
+to the permission of the files in the transfer.  The resulting value is
+treated as though it were the permissions that the sending side supplied
+for the file, which means that this option can seem to have no effect on
+existing files if \fB\-\-perms\fP is not enabled.
+.IP
+In addition to the normal parsing rules specified in the \fBchmod\fP(1)
+manpage, you can specify an item that should only apply to a directory by
+prefixing it with a 'D', or specify an item that should only apply to a
+file by prefixing it with a 'F'.  For example, the following will ensure
+that all directories get marked set-gid, that no files are other-writable,
+that both are user-writable and group-writable, and that both have
+consistent executability across all bits:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--chmod=Dg+s,ug+w,Fo-w,+X
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+Using octal mode numbers is also allowed:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--chmod=D2775,F664
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+It is also legal to specify multiple \fB\-\-chmod\fP options, as each additional
+option is just appended to the list of changes to make.
+.IP
+See the \fB\-\-perms\fP and \fB\-\-executability\fP options for how the
+resulting permission value can be applied to the files in the transfer.
+.IP "\fB\-\-owner\fP, \fB\-o\fP"
+This option causes rsync to set the owner of the destination file to be the
+same as the source file, but only if the receiving rsync is being run as
+the super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake-super\fP
+options).  Without this option, the owner of new and/or transferred files
+are set to the invoking user on the receiving side.
+.IP
+The preservation of ownership will associate matching names by default, but
+may fall back to using the ID number in some circumstances (see also the
+\fB\-\-numeric-ids\fP option for a full discussion).
+.IP "\fB\-\-group\fP, \fB\-g\fP"
+This option causes rsync to set the group of the destination file to be the
+same as the source file.  If the receiving program is not running as the
+super-user (or if \fB\-\-no-super\fP was specified), only groups that the
+invoking user on the receiving side is a member of will be preserved.
+Without this option, the group is set to the default group of the invoking
+user on the receiving side.
+.IP
+The preservation of group information will associate matching names by
+default, but may fall back to using the ID number in some circumstances
+(see also the \fB\-\-numeric-ids\fP option for a full discussion).
+.IP "\fB\-\-devices\fP"
+This option causes rsync to transfer character and block device files to
+the remote system to recreate these devices.  If the receiving rsync is not
+being run as the super-user, rsync silently skips creating the device files
+(see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake-super\fP options).
+.IP
+By default, rsync generates a "non-regular file" warning for each device
+file encountered when this option is not set.  You can silence the warning
+by specifying \fB\-\-info=nonreg0\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-specials\fP"
+This option causes rsync to transfer special files, such as named sockets
+and fifos.  If the receiving rsync is not being run as the super-user,
+rsync silently skips creating the special files (see also the
+\fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake-super\fP options).
+.IP
+By default, rsync generates a "non-regular file" warning for each special
+file encountered when this option is not set.  You can silence the warning
+by specifying \fB\-\-info=nonreg0\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-D\fP"
+The \fB\-D\fP option is equivalent to "\fB\-\-devices\fP
+\fB\-\-specials\fP".
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-devices\fP"
+This tells rsync to treat a device on the sending side as a regular file,
+allowing it to be copied to a normal destination file (or another device
+if \fB\-\-write-devices\fP was also specified).
+.IP
+This option is refused by default by an rsync daemon.
+.IP "\fB\-\-write-devices\fP"
+This tells rsync to treat a device on the receiving side as a regular file,
+allowing the writing of file data into a device.
+.IP
+This option implies the \fB\-\-inplace\fP option.
+.IP
+Be careful using this, as you should know what devices are present on the
+receiving side of the transfer, especially when running rsync as root.
+.IP
+This option is refused by default by an rsync daemon.
+.IP "\fB\-\-times\fP, \fB\-t\fP"
+This tells rsync to transfer modification times along with the files and
+update them on the remote system.  Note that if this option is not used,
+the optimization that excludes files that have not been modified cannot be
+effective; in other words, a missing \fB\-t\fP (or \fB\-a\fP) will cause the
+next transfer to behave as if it used \fB\-\-ignore-times\fP (\fB\-I\fP),
+causing all files to be updated (though rsync's delta-transfer algorithm
+will make the update fairly efficient if the files haven't actually
+changed, you're much better off using \fB\-t\fP).
+.IP
+A modern rsync that is using transfer protocol 30 or 31 conveys a modify
+time using up to 8-bytes. If rsync is forced to speak an older protocol
+(perhaps due to the remote rsync being older than 3.0.0) a modify time is
+conveyed using 4-bytes. Prior to 3.2.7, these shorter values could convey
+a date range of 13-Dec-1901 to 19-Jan-2038.  Beginning with 3.2.7, these
+4-byte values now convey a date range of 1-Jan-1970 to 7-Feb-2106.  If you
+have files dated older than 1970, make sure your rsync executables are
+upgraded so that the full range of dates can be conveyed.
+.IP "\fB\-\-atimes\fP, \fB\-U\fP"
+This tells rsync to set the access (use) times of the destination files to
+the same value as the source files.
+.IP
+If repeated, it also sets the \fB\-\-open-noatime\fP option, which can help you
+to make the sending and receiving systems have the same access times on the
+transferred files without needing to run rsync an extra time after a file
+is transferred.
+.IP
+Note that some older rsync versions (prior to 3.2.0) may have been built
+with a pre-release \fB\-\-atimes\fP patch that does not imply
+\fB\-\-open-noatime\fP when this option is repeated.
+.IP "\fB\-\-open-noatime\fP"
+This tells rsync to open files with the O_NOATIME flag (on systems that
+support it) to avoid changing the access time of the files that are being
+transferred.  If your OS does not support the O_NOATIME flag then rsync
+will silently ignore this option.  Note also that some filesystems are
+mounted to avoid updating the atime on read access even without the
+O_NOATIME flag being set.
+.IP "\fB\-\-crtimes\fP, \fB\-N,\fP"
+This tells rsync to set the create times (newness) of the destination
+files to the same value as the source files.
+.IP "\fB\-\-omit-dir-times\fP, \fB\-O\fP"
+This tells rsync to omit directories when it is preserving modification,
+access, and create times.  If NFS is sharing the directories on the receiving
+side, it is a good idea to use \fB\-O\fP.  This option is inferred if you use
+\fB\-\-backup\fP without \fB\-\-backup-dir\fP.
+.IP
+This option also has the side-effect of avoiding early creation of missing
+sub-directories when incremental recursion is enabled, as discussed in the
+\fB\-\-inc-recursive\fP section.
+.IP "\fB\-\-omit-link-times\fP, \fB\-J\fP"
+This tells rsync to omit symlinks when it is preserving modification,
+access, and create times.
+.IP "\fB\-\-super\fP"
+This tells the receiving side to attempt super-user activities even if the
+receiving rsync wasn't run by the super-user.  These activities include:
+preserving users via the \fB\-\-owner\fP option, preserving all groups
+(not just the current user's groups) via the \fB\-\-group\fP option, and
+copying devices via the \fB\-\-devices\fP option.  This is useful for
+systems that allow such activities without being the super-user, and also
+for ensuring that you will get errors if the receiving side isn't being run
+as the super-user.  To turn off super-user activities, the super-user can
+use \fB\-\-no-super\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-fake-super\fP"
+When this option is enabled, rsync simulates super-user activities by
+saving/restoring the privileged attributes via special extended attributes
+that are attached to each file (as needed).  This includes the file's owner
+and group (if it is not the default), the file's device info (device &
+special files are created as empty text files), and any permission bits
+that we won't allow to be set on the real file (e.g. the real file gets
+u-s,g-s,o-t for safety) or that would limit the owner's access (since the
+real super-user can always access/change a file, the files we create can
+always be accessed/changed by the creating user).  This option also handles
+ACLs (if \fB\-\-acls\fP was specified) and non-user extended attributes
+(if \fB\-\-xattrs\fP was specified).
+.IP
+This is a good way to backup data without using a super-user, and to store
+ACLs from incompatible systems.
+.IP
+The \fB\-\-fake-super\fP option only affects the side where the option is used.
+To affect the remote side of a remote-shell connection, use the
+\fB\-\-remote-option\fP (\fB\-M\fP) option:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av -M--fake-super /src/ host:/dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+For a local copy, this option affects both the source and the destination.
+If you wish a local copy to enable this option just for the destination
+files, specify \fB\-M\-\-fake-super\fP.  If you wish a local copy to enable this
+option just for the source files, combine \fB\-\-fake-super\fP with \fB\-M\-\-super\fP.
+.IP
+This option is overridden by both \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-no-super\fP.
+.IP
+See also the \fBfake\ super\fP setting in the
+daemon's rsyncd.conf file.
+.IP "\fB\-\-sparse\fP, \fB\-S\fP"
+Try to handle sparse files efficiently so they take up less space on the
+destination.  If combined with \fB\-\-inplace\fP the file created might
+not end up with sparse blocks with some combinations of kernel version
+and/or filesystem type.  If \fB\-\-whole-file\fP is in effect (e.g. for a
+local copy) then it will always work because rsync truncates the file prior
+to writing out the updated version.
+.IP
+Note that versions of rsync older than 3.1.3 will reject the combination of
+\fB\-\-sparse\fP and \fB\-\-inplace\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-preallocate\fP"
+This tells the receiver to allocate each destination file to its eventual
+size before writing data to the file.  Rsync will only use the real
+filesystem-level preallocation support provided by Linux's \fBfallocate\fP(2)
+system call or Cygwin's \fBposix_fallocate\fP(3), not the slow glibc
+implementation that writes a null byte into each block.
+.IP
+Without this option, larger files may not be entirely contiguous on the
+filesystem, but with this option rsync will probably copy more slowly.  If
+the destination is not an extent-supporting filesystem (such as ext4, xfs,
+NTFS, etc.), this option may have no positive effect at all.
+.IP
+If combined with \fB\-\-sparse\fP, the file will only have sparse blocks
+(as opposed to allocated sequences of null bytes) if the kernel version and
+filesystem type support creating holes in the allocated data.
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry-run\fP, \fB\-n\fP"
+This makes rsync perform a trial run that doesn't make any changes (and
+produces mostly the same output as a real run).  It is most commonly used
+in combination with the \fB\-\-verbose\fP (\fB\-v\fP) and/or
+\fB\-\-itemize-changes\fP (\fB\-i\fP) options to see what an rsync command is
+going to do before one actually runs it.
+.IP
+The output of \fB\-\-itemize-changes\fP is supposed to be exactly the
+same on a dry run and a subsequent real run (barring intentional trickery
+and system call failures); if it isn't, that's a bug.  Other output should
+be mostly unchanged, but may differ in some areas.  Notably, a dry run does
+not send the actual data for file transfers, so \fB\-\-progress\fP has no
+effect, the "bytes sent", "bytes received", "literal data", and "matched
+data" statistics are too small, and the "speedup" value is equivalent to a
+run where no file transfers were needed.
+.IP "\fB\-\-whole-file\fP, \fB\-W\fP"
+This option disables rsync's delta-transfer algorithm, which causes all
+transferred files to be sent whole.  The transfer may be faster if this
+option is used when the bandwidth between the source and destination
+machines is higher than the bandwidth to disk (especially when the "disk"
+is actually a networked filesystem).  This is the default when both the
+source and destination are specified as local paths, but only if no
+batch-writing option is in effect.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no-whole-file\fP, \fB\-\-no-W\fP"
+Disable whole-file updating when it is enabled by default for a local
+transfer.  This usually slows rsync down, but it can be useful if you are
+trying to minimize the writes to the destination file (if combined with
+\fB\-\-inplace\fP) or for testing the checksum-based update algorithm.
+.IP
+See also the \fB\-\-whole-file\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-checksum-choice=STR\fP, \fB\-\-cc=STR\fP"
+This option overrides the checksum algorithms.  If one algorithm name is
+specified, it is used for both the transfer checksums and (assuming
+\fB\-\-checksum\fP is specified) the pre-transfer checksums.  If two
+comma-separated names are supplied, the first name affects the transfer
+checksums, and the second name affects the pre-transfer checksums (\fB\-c\fP).
+.IP
+The checksum options that you may be able to use are:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+\fBauto\fP (the default automatic choice)
+.IP o
+\fBxxh128\fP
+.IP o
+\fBxxh3\fP
+.IP o
+\fBxxh64\fP (aka \fBxxhash\fP)
+.IP o
+\fBmd5\fP
+.IP o
+\fBmd4\fP
+.IP o
+\fBsha1\fP
+.IP o
+\fBnone\fP
+.RE
+.IP
+Run \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP to see the default checksum list compiled into your
+version (which may differ from the list above).
+.IP
+If "none" is specified for the first (or only) name, the \fB\-\-whole-file\fP
+option is forced on and no checksum verification is performed on the
+transferred data.  If "none" is specified for the second (or only) name,
+the \fB\-\-checksum\fP option cannot be used.
+.IP
+The "auto" option is the default, where rsync bases its algorithm choice on
+a negotiation between the client and the server as follows:
+.IP
+When both sides of the transfer are at least 3.2.0, rsync chooses the first
+algorithm in the client's list of choices that is also in the server's list
+of choices.  If no common checksum choice is found, rsync exits with
+an error.  If the remote rsync is too old to support checksum negotiation,
+a value is chosen based on the protocol version (which chooses between MD5
+and various flavors of MD4 based on protocol age).
+.IP
+The default order can be customized by setting the environment variable
+\fBRSYNC_CHECKSUM_LIST\fP to a space-separated list of acceptable checksum
+names.  If the string contains a "\fB&\fP" character, it is separated into the
+"client string & server string", otherwise the same string applies to both.
+If the string (or string portion) contains no non-whitespace characters,
+the default checksum list is used.  This method does not allow you to
+specify the transfer checksum separately from the pre-transfer checksum,
+and it discards "auto" and all unknown checksum names.  A list with only
+invalid names results in a failed negotiation.
+.IP
+The use of the \fB\-\-checksum-choice\fP option overrides this environment list.
+.IP "\fB\-\-one-file-system\fP, \fB\-x\fP"
+This tells rsync to avoid crossing a filesystem boundary when recursing.
+This does not limit the user's ability to specify items to copy from
+multiple filesystems, just rsync's recursion through the hierarchy of each
+directory that the user specified, and also the analogous recursion on the
+receiving side during deletion.  Also keep in mind that rsync treats a
+"bind" mount to the same device as being on the same filesystem.
+.IP
+If this option is repeated, rsync omits all mount-point directories from
+the copy.  Otherwise, it includes an empty directory at each mount-point it
+encounters (using the attributes of the mounted directory because those of
+the underlying mount-point directory are inaccessible).
+.IP
+If rsync has been told to collapse symlinks (via \fB\-\-copy-links\fP or
+\fB\-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP), a symlink to a directory on another device
+is treated like a mount-point.  Symlinks to non-directories are unaffected
+by this option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-ignore-non-existing\fP, \fB\-\-existing\fP"
+This tells rsync to skip creating files (including directories) that do not
+exist yet on the destination.  If this option is combined with the
+\fB\-\-ignore-existing\fP option, no files will be updated (which can be
+useful if all you want to do is delete extraneous files).
+.IP
+This option is a TRANSFER RULE, so don't expect any
+exclude side effects.
+.IP "\fB\-\-ignore-existing\fP"
+This tells rsync to skip updating files that already exist on the
+destination (this does \fInot\fP ignore existing directories, or nothing would
+get done).  See also \fB\-\-ignore-non-existing\fP.
+.IP
+This option is a TRANSFER RULE, so don't expect any
+exclude side effects.
+.IP
+This option can be useful for those doing backups using the
+\fB\-\-link-dest\fP option when they need to continue a backup run that
+got interrupted.  Since a \fB\-\-link-dest\fP run is copied into a new
+directory hierarchy (when it is used properly), using [\fB\-\-ignore-existing\fP
+will ensure that the already-handled files don't get tweaked (which avoids
+a change in permissions on the hard-linked files).  This does mean that
+this option is only looking at the existing files in the destination
+hierarchy itself.
+.IP
+When \fB\-\-info=skip2\fP is used rsync will output "FILENAME exists
+(INFO)" messages where the INFO indicates one of "type change", "sum
+change" (requires \fB\-c\fP), "file change" (based on the quick check),
+"attr change", or "uptodate".  Using \fB\-\-info=skip1\fP (which is also
+implied by 2 \fB\-v\fP options) outputs the exists message without the
+INFO suffix.
+.IP "\fB\-\-remove-source-files\fP"
+This tells rsync to remove from the sending side the files (meaning
+non-directories) that are a part of the transfer and have been successfully
+duplicated on the receiving side.
+.IP
+Note that you should only use this option on source files that are
+quiescent.  If you are using this to move files that show up in a
+particular directory over to another host, make sure that the finished
+files get renamed into the source directory, not directly written into it,
+so that rsync can't possibly transfer a file that is not yet fully written.
+If you can't first write the files into a different directory, you should
+use a naming idiom that lets rsync avoid transferring files that are not
+yet finished (e.g. name the file "foo.new" when it is written, rename it to
+"foo" when it is done, and then use the option \fB\-\-exclude='*.new'\fP
+for the rsync transfer).
+.IP
+Starting with 3.1.0, rsync will skip the sender-side removal (and output an
+error) if the file's size or modify time has not stayed unchanged.
+.IP
+Starting with 3.2.6, a local rsync copy will ensure that the sender does
+not remove a file the receiver just verified, such as when the user
+accidentally makes the source and destination directory the same path.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete\fP"
+This tells rsync to delete extraneous files from the receiving side (ones
+that aren't on the sending side), but only for the directories that are
+being synchronized.  You must have asked rsync to send the whole directory
+(e.g. "\fBdir\fP" or "\fBdir/\fP") without using a wildcard for the directory's
+contents (e.g. "\fBdir/*\fP") since the wildcard is expanded by the shell and
+rsync thus gets a request to transfer individual files, not the files'
+parent directory.  Files that are excluded from the transfer are also
+excluded from being deleted unless you use the \fB\-\-delete-excluded\fP
+option or mark the rules as only matching on the sending side (see the
+include/exclude modifiers in the FILTER RULES section).
+.IP
+Prior to rsync 2.6.7, this option would have no effect unless
+\fB\-\-recursive\fP was enabled.  Beginning with 2.6.7, deletions will
+also occur when \fB\-\-dirs\fP (\fB\-d\fP) is enabled, but only for
+directories whose contents are being copied.
+.IP
+This option can be dangerous if used incorrectly! It is a very good idea to
+first try a run using the \fB\-\-dry-run\fP (\fB\-n\fP) option to see what
+files are going to be deleted.
+.IP
+If the sending side detects any I/O errors, then the deletion of any files
+at the destination will be automatically disabled.  This is to prevent
+temporary filesystem failures (such as NFS errors) on the sending side from
+causing a massive deletion of files on the destination.  You can override
+this with the \fB\-\-ignore-errors\fP option.
+.IP
+The \fB\-\-delete\fP option may be combined with one of the \-\-delete-WHEN options
+without conflict, as well as \fB\-\-delete-excluded\fP.  However, if none
+of the \fB\-\-delete-WHEN\fP options are specified, rsync will choose the
+\fB\-\-delete-during\fP algorithm when talking to rsync 3.0.0 or newer,
+or the \fB\-\-delete-before\fP algorithm when talking to an older rsync.
+See also \fB\-\-delete-delay\fP and \fB\-\-delete-after\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete-before\fP"
+Request that the file-deletions on the receiving side be done before the
+transfer starts.  See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more
+details on file-deletion.
+.IP
+Deleting before the transfer is helpful if the filesystem is tight for
+space and removing extraneous files would help to make the transfer
+possible.  However, it does introduce a delay before the start of the
+transfer, and this delay might cause the transfer to timeout (if
+\fB\-\-timeout\fP was specified).  It also forces rsync to use the old,
+non-incremental recursion algorithm that requires rsync to scan all the
+files in the transfer into memory at once (see \fB\-\-recursive\fP).
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete-during\fP, \fB\-\-del\fP"
+Request that the file-deletions on the receiving side be done incrementally
+as the transfer happens.  The per-directory delete scan is done right
+before each directory is checked for updates, so it behaves like a more
+efficient \fB\-\-delete-before\fP, including doing the deletions prior to
+any per-directory filter files being updated.  This option was first added
+in rsync version 2.6.4.  See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more
+details on file-deletion.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete-delay\fP"
+Request that the file-deletions on the receiving side be computed during
+the transfer (like \fB\-\-delete-during\fP), and then removed after the
+transfer completes.  This is useful when combined with
+\fB\-\-delay-updates\fP and/or \fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, and is more efficient
+than using \fB\-\-delete-after\fP (but can behave differently, since
+\fB\-\-delete-after\fP computes the deletions in a separate pass after
+all updates are done).  If the number of removed files overflows an
+internal buffer, a temporary file will be created on the receiving side to
+hold the names (it is removed while open, so you shouldn't see it during
+the transfer).  If the creation of the temporary file fails, rsync will try
+to fall back to using \fB\-\-delete-after\fP (which it cannot do if
+\fB\-\-recursive\fP is doing an incremental scan).  See
+\fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on file-deletion.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete-after\fP"
+Request that the file-deletions on the receiving side be done after the
+transfer has completed.  This is useful if you are sending new
+per-directory merge files as a part of the transfer and you want their
+exclusions to take effect for the delete phase of the current transfer.  It
+also forces rsync to use the old, non-incremental recursion algorithm that
+requires rsync to scan all the files in the transfer into memory at once
+(see \fB\-\-recursive\fP). See \fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for
+more details on file-deletion.
+.IP
+See also the \fB\-\-delete-delay\fP option that might be a faster choice
+for those that just want the deletions to occur at the end of the transfer.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete-excluded\fP"
+This option turns any unqualified exclude/include rules into server-side
+rules that do not affect the receiver's deletions.
+.IP
+By default, an exclude or include has both a server-side effect (to "hide"
+and "show" files when building the server's file list) and a receiver-side
+effect (to "protect" and "risk" files when deletions are occurring).  Any
+rule that has no modifier to specify what sides it is executed on will be
+instead treated as if it were a server-side rule only, avoiding any
+"protect" effects of the rules.
+.IP
+A rule can still apply to both sides even with this option specified if the
+rule is given both the sender & receiver modifier letters (e.g., \fB\-f'\-sr\ foo'\fP).  Receiver-side protect/risk rules can also be explicitly specified
+to limit the deletions.  This saves you from having to edit a bunch of
+\fB\-f'\-\ foo'\fP rules into \fB\-f'\-s\ foo'\fP (aka \fB\-f'H\ foo'\fP) rules (not to mention
+the corresponding includes).
+.IP
+See the FILTER RULES section for more information.  See
+\fB\-\-delete\fP (which is implied) for more details on deletion.
+.IP "\fB\-\-ignore-missing-args\fP"
+When rsync is first processing the explicitly requested source files (e.g.
+command-line arguments or \fB\-\-files-from\fP entries), it is normally
+an error if the file cannot be found.  This option suppresses that error,
+and does not try to transfer the file.  This does not affect subsequent
+vanished-file errors if a file was initially found to be present and later
+is no longer there.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delete-missing-args\fP"
+This option takes the behavior of the (implied)
+\fB\-\-ignore-missing-args\fP option a step farther: each missing arg
+will become a deletion request of the corresponding destination file on the
+receiving side (should it exist).  If the destination file is a non-empty
+directory, it will only be successfully deleted if \fB\-\-force\fP or
+\fB\-\-delete\fP are in effect.  Other than that, this option is
+independent of any other type of delete processing.
+.IP
+The missing source files are represented by special file-list entries which
+display as a "\fB*missing\fP" entry in the \fB\-\-list-only\fP output.
+.IP "\fB\-\-ignore-errors\fP"
+Tells \fB\-\-delete\fP to go ahead and delete files even when there are
+I/O errors.
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fP"
+This option tells rsync to delete a non-empty directory when it is to be
+replaced by a non-directory.  This is only relevant if deletions are not
+active (see \fB\-\-delete\fP for details).
+.IP
+Note for older rsync versions: \fB\-\-force\fP used to still be required when
+using \fB\-\-delete-after\fP, and it used to be non-functional unless the
+\fB\-\-recursive\fP option was also enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-\-max-delete=NUM\fP"
+This tells rsync not to delete more than NUM files or directories.  If that
+limit is exceeded, all further deletions are skipped through the end of the
+transfer.  At the end, rsync outputs a warning (including a count of the
+skipped deletions) and exits with an error code of 25 (unless some more
+important error condition also occurred).
+.IP
+Beginning with version 3.0.0, you may specify \fB\-\-max-delete=0\fP to be warned
+about any extraneous files in the destination without removing any of them.
+Older clients interpreted this as "unlimited", so if you don't know what
+version the client is, you can use the less obvious \fB\-\-max-delete=\-1\fP as a
+backward-compatible way to specify that no deletions be allowed (though
+really old versions didn't warn when the limit was exceeded).
+.IP "\fB\-\-max-size=SIZE\fP"
+This tells rsync to avoid transferring any file that is larger than the
+specified SIZE.  A numeric value can be suffixed with a string to indicate
+the numeric units or left unqualified to specify bytes.  Feel free to use a
+fractional value along with the units, such as \fB\-\-max-size=1.5m\fP.
+.IP
+This option is a TRANSFER RULE, so don't expect any
+exclude side effects.
+.IP
+The first letter of a units string can be \fBB\fP (bytes), \fBK\fP (kilo), \fBM\fP
+(mega), \fBG\fP (giga), \fBT\fP (tera), or \fBP\fP (peta).  If the string is a single
+char or has "ib" added to it (e.g. "G" or "GiB") then the units are
+multiples of 1024.  If you use a two-letter suffix that ends with a "B"
+(e.g. "kb") then you get units that are multiples of 1000.  The string's
+letters can be any mix of upper and lower-case that you want to use.
+.IP
+Finally, if the string ends with either "+1" or "\-1", it is offset by one
+byte in the indicated direction.  The largest possible value is usually
+\fB8192P-1\fP.
+.IP
+Examples: \fB\-\-max-size=1.5mb-1\fP is 1499999 bytes, and \fB\-\-max-size=2g+1\fP is
+2147483649 bytes.
+.IP
+Note that rsync versions prior to 3.1.0 did not allow \fB\-\-max-size=0\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-min-size=SIZE\fP"
+This tells rsync to avoid transferring any file that is smaller than the
+specified SIZE, which can help in not transferring small, junk files.  See
+the \fB\-\-max-size\fP option for a description of SIZE and other info.
+.IP
+Note that rsync versions prior to 3.1.0 did not allow \fB\-\-min-size=0\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-max-alloc=SIZE\fP"
+By default rsync limits an individual malloc/realloc to about 1GB in size.
+For most people this limit works just fine and prevents a protocol error
+causing rsync to request massive amounts of memory.  However, if you have
+many millions of files in a transfer, a large amount of server memory, and
+you don't want to split up your transfer into multiple parts, you can
+increase the per-allocation limit to something larger and rsync will
+consume more memory.
+.IP
+Keep in mind that this is not a limit on the total size of allocated
+memory.  It is a sanity-check value for each individual allocation.
+.IP
+See the \fB\-\-max-size\fP option for a description of how SIZE can be
+specified.  The default suffix if none is given is bytes.
+.IP
+Beginning in 3.2.3, a value of 0 specifies no limit.
+.IP
+You can set a default value using the environment variable
+\fBRSYNC_MAX_ALLOC\fP using the same SIZE values as supported by this
+option.  If the remote rsync doesn't understand the \fB\-\-max-alloc\fP option,
+you can override an environmental value by specifying \fB\-\-max-alloc=1g\fP,
+which will make rsync avoid sending the option to the remote side (because
+"1G" is the default).
+.IP "\fB\-\-block-size=SIZE\fP, \fB\-B\fP"
+This forces the block size used in rsync's delta-transfer algorithm to a
+fixed value.  It is normally selected based on the size of each file being
+updated.  See the technical report for details.
+.IP
+Beginning in 3.2.3 the SIZE can be specified with a suffix as detailed in
+the \fB\-\-max-size\fP option.  Older versions only accepted a byte count.
+.IP "\fB\-\-rsh=COMMAND\fP, \fB\-e\fP"
+This option allows you to choose an alternative remote shell program to use
+for communication between the local and remote copies of rsync.  Typically,
+rsync is configured to use ssh by default, but you may prefer to use rsh on
+a local network.
+.IP
+If this option is used with \fB[user@]host::module/path\fP, then the remote
+shell \fICOMMAND\fP will be used to run an rsync daemon on the remote host, and
+all data will be transmitted through that remote shell connection, rather
+than through a direct socket connection to a running rsync daemon on the
+remote host.  See the USING RSYNC-DAEMON FEATURES VIA A REMOTE-SHELL
+CONNECTION section above.
+.IP
+Beginning with rsync 3.2.0, the \fBRSYNC_PORT\fP environment variable will
+be set when a daemon connection is being made via a remote-shell
+connection.  It is set to 0 if the default daemon port is being assumed, or
+it is set to the value of the rsync port that was specified via either the
+\fB\-\-port\fP option or a non-empty port value in an \fBrsync://\fP URL.
+This allows the script to discern if a non-default port is being requested,
+allowing for things such as an SSL or stunnel helper script to connect to a
+default or alternate port.
+.IP
+Command-line arguments are permitted in COMMAND provided that COMMAND is
+presented to rsync as a single argument.  You must use spaces (not tabs or
+other whitespace) to separate the command and args from each other, and you
+can use single- and/or double-quotes to preserve spaces in an argument (but
+not backslashes).  Note that doubling a single-quote inside a single-quoted
+string gives you a single-quote; likewise for double-quotes (though you
+need to pay attention to which quotes your shell is parsing and which
+quotes rsync is parsing).  Some examples:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+-e 'ssh -p 2234'
+-e 'ssh -o "ProxyCommand nohup ssh firewall nc -w1 %h %p"'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+(Note that ssh users can alternately customize site-specific connect
+options in their .ssh/config file.)
+.IP
+You can also choose the remote shell program using the \fBRSYNC_RSH\fP
+environment variable, which accepts the same range of values as \fB\-e\fP.
+.IP
+See also the \fB\-\-blocking-io\fP option which is affected by this
+option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-rsync-path=PROGRAM\fP"
+Use this to specify what program is to be run on the remote machine to
+start-up rsync.  Often used when rsync is not in the default remote-shell's
+path (e.g. \fB\-\-rsync-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync\fP).  Note that PROGRAM is run
+with the help of a shell, so it can be any program, script, or command
+sequence you'd care to run, so long as it does not corrupt the standard-in
+& standard-out that rsync is using to communicate.
+.IP
+One tricky example is to set a different default directory on the remote
+machine for use with the \fB\-\-relative\fP option.  For instance:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avR --rsync-path="cd /a/b && rsync" host:c/d /e/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-remote-option=OPTION\fP, \fB\-M\fP"
+This option is used for more advanced situations where you want certain
+effects to be limited to one side of the transfer only.  For instance, if
+you want to pass \fB\-\-log-file=FILE\fP and \fB\-\-fake-super\fP to
+the remote system, specify it like this:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av -M --log-file=foo -M--fake-super src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+If you want to have an option affect only the local side of a transfer when
+it normally affects both sides, send its negation to the remote side.  Like
+this:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av -x -M--no-x src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+Be cautious using this, as it is possible to toggle an option that will
+cause rsync to have a different idea about what data to expect next over
+the socket, and that will make it fail in a cryptic fashion.
+.IP
+Note that you should use a separate \fB\-M\fP option for each remote option you
+want to pass.  On older rsync versions, the presence of any spaces in the
+remote-option arg could cause it to be split into separate remote args, but
+this requires the use of \fB\-\-old-args\fP in a modern rsync.
+.IP
+When performing a local transfer, the "local" side is the sender and the
+"remote" side is the receiver.
+.IP
+Note some versions of the popt option-parsing library have a bug in them
+that prevents you from using an adjacent arg with an equal in it next to a
+short option letter (e.g. \fB\-M\-\-log-file=/tmp/foo\fP).  If this bug affects
+your version of popt, you can use the version of popt that is included with
+rsync.
+.IP "\fB\-\-cvs-exclude\fP, \fB\-C\fP"
+This is a useful shorthand for excluding a broad range of files that you
+often don't want to transfer between systems.  It uses a similar algorithm
+to CVS to determine if a file should be ignored.
+.IP
+The exclude list is initialized to exclude the following items (these
+initial items are marked as perishable\ \-\- see the FILTER RULES
+section):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+\fBRCS\fP
+\fBSCCS\fP
+\fBCVS\fP
+\fBCVS.adm\fP
+\fBRCSLOG\fP
+\fBcvslog.*\fP
+\fBtags\fP
+\fBTAGS\fP
+\fB.make.state\fP
+\fB.nse_depinfo\fP
+\fB*~\fP
+\fB#*\fP
+\fB.#*\fP
+\fB,*\fP
+\fB_$*\fP
+\fB*$\fP
+\fB*.old\fP
+\fB*.bak\fP
+\fB*.BAK\fP
+\fB*.orig\fP
+\fB*.rej\fP
+\fB.del-*\fP
+\fB*.a\fP
+\fB*.olb\fP
+\fB*.o\fP
+\fB*.obj\fP
+\fB*.so\fP
+\fB*.exe\fP
+\fB*.Z\fP
+\fB*.elc\fP
+\fB*.ln\fP
+\fBcore\fP
+\fB.svn/\fP
+\fB.git/\fP
+\fB.hg/\fP
+\fB.bzr/\fP
+.RE
+.IP
+then, files listed in a $HOME/.cvsignore are added to the list and any
+files listed in the CVSIGNORE environment variable (all cvsignore names are
+delimited by whitespace).
+.IP
+Finally, any file is ignored if it is in the same directory as a .cvsignore
+file and matches one of the patterns listed therein.  Unlike rsync's
+filter/exclude files, these patterns are split on whitespace.  See the
+\fBcvs\fP(1) manual for more information.
+.IP
+If you're combining \fB\-C\fP with your own \fB\-\-filter\fP rules, you should
+note that these CVS excludes are appended at the end of your own rules,
+regardless of where the \fB\-C\fP was placed on the command-line.  This makes
+them a lower priority than any rules you specified explicitly.  If you want
+to control where these CVS excludes get inserted into your filter rules,
+you should omit the \fB\-C\fP as a command-line option and use a combination of
+\fB\-\-filter=:C\fP and \fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP (either on your
+command-line or by putting the ":C" and "\-C" rules into a filter file with
+your other rules).  The first option turns on the per-directory scanning
+for the .cvsignore file.  The second option does a one-time import of the
+CVS excludes mentioned above.
+.IP "\fB\-\-filter=RULE\fP, \fB\-f\fP"
+This option allows you to add rules to selectively exclude certain files
+from the list of files to be transferred.  This is most useful in
+combination with a recursive transfer.
+.IP
+You may use as many \fB\-\-filter\fP options on the command line as you like to
+build up the list of files to exclude.  If the filter contains whitespace,
+be sure to quote it so that the shell gives the rule to rsync as a single
+argument.  The text below also mentions that you can use an underscore to
+replace the space that separates a rule from its arg.
+.IP
+See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+.IP "\fB\-F\fP"
+The \fB\-F\fP option is a shorthand for adding two \fB\-\-filter\fP rules to
+your command.  The first time it is used is a shorthand for this rule:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This tells rsync to look for per-directory .rsync-filter files that have
+been sprinkled through the hierarchy and use their rules to filter the
+files in the transfer.  If \fB\-F\fP is repeated, it is a shorthand for this
+rule:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--filter='exclude .rsync-filter'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This filters out the .rsync-filter files themselves from the transfer.
+.IP
+See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on how these
+options work.
+.IP "\fB\-\-exclude=PATTERN\fP"
+This option is a simplified form of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option that
+specifies an exclude rule and does not allow the full rule-parsing syntax
+of normal filter rules.  This is equivalent to specifying \fB\-f'\-\ PATTERN'\fP.
+.IP
+See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-exclude-from=FILE\fP"
+This option is related to the \fB\-\-exclude\fP option, but it specifies
+a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line).  Blank lines in the
+file are ignored, as are whole-line comments that start with '\fB;\fP' or '\fB#\fP'
+(filename rules that contain those characters are unaffected).
+.IP
+If a line begins with "\fB\-\ \fP" (dash, space) or "\fB+\ \fP" (plus, space), then
+the type of rule is being explicitly specified as an exclude or an include
+(respectively).  Any rules without such a prefix are taken to be an exclude.
+.IP
+If a line consists of just "\fB!\fP", then the current filter rules are cleared
+before adding any further rules.
+.IP
+If \fIFILE\fP is '\fB\-\fP', the list will be read from standard input.
+.IP "\fB\-\-include=PATTERN\fP"
+This option is a simplified form of the \fB\-\-filter\fP option that
+specifies an include rule and does not allow the full rule-parsing syntax
+of normal filter rules.  This is equivalent to specifying \fB\-f'+\ PATTERN'\fP.
+.IP
+See the FILTER RULES section for detailed information on this option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-include-from=FILE\fP"
+This option is related to the \fB\-\-include\fP option, but it specifies
+a FILE that contains include patterns (one per line).  Blank lines in the
+file are ignored, as are whole-line comments that start with '\fB;\fP' or '\fB#\fP'
+(filename rules that contain those characters are unaffected).
+.IP
+If a line begins with "\fB\-\ \fP" (dash, space) or "\fB+\ \fP" (plus, space), then
+the type of rule is being explicitly specified as an exclude or an include
+(respectively).  Any rules without such a prefix are taken to be an include.
+.IP
+If a line consists of just "\fB!\fP", then the current filter rules are cleared
+before adding any further rules.
+.IP
+If \fIFILE\fP is '\fB\-\fP', the list will be read from standard input.
+.IP "\fB\-\-files-from=FILE\fP"
+Using this option allows you to specify the exact list of files to transfer
+(as read from the specified FILE or '\fB\-\fP' for standard input).  It also
+tweaks the default behavior of rsync to make transferring just the
+specified files and directories easier:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+The \fB\-\-relative\fP (\fB\-R\fP) option is implied, which preserves the
+path information that is specified for each item in the file (use
+\fB\-\-no-relative\fP or \fB\-\-no-R\fP if you want to turn that off).
+.IP o
+The \fB\-\-dirs\fP (\fB\-d\fP) option is implied, which will create
+directories specified in the list on the destination rather than noisily
+skipping them (use \fB\-\-no-dirs\fP or \fB\-\-no-d\fP if you want to turn that off).
+.IP o
+The \fB\-\-archive\fP (\fB\-a\fP) option's behavior does not imply
+\fB\-\-recursive\fP (\fB\-r\fP), so specify it explicitly, if you want it.
+.IP o
+These side-effects change the default state of rsync, so the position of
+the \fB\-\-files-from\fP option on the command-line has no bearing on how other
+options are parsed (e.g. \fB\-a\fP works the same before or after
+\fB\-\-files-from\fP, as does \fB\-\-no-R\fP and all other options).
+.RE
+.IP
+The filenames that are read from the FILE are all relative to the source
+dir\ \-\- any leading slashes are removed and no ".." references are allowed
+to go higher than the source dir.  For example, take this command:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -a --files-from=/tmp/foo /usr remote:/backup
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+If /tmp/foo contains the string "bin" (or even "/bin"), the /usr/bin
+directory will be created as /backup/bin on the remote host.  If it
+contains "bin/" (note the trailing slash), the immediate contents of the
+directory would also be sent (without needing to be explicitly mentioned in
+the file\ \-\- this began in version 2.6.4).  In both cases, if the
+\fB\-r\fP option was enabled, that dir's entire hierarchy would also be
+transferred (keep in mind that \fB\-r\fP needs to be specified
+explicitly with \fB\-\-files-from\fP, since it is not implied by \fB\-a\fP.
+Also note that the effect of the (enabled by default) \fB\-r\fP option
+is to duplicate only the path info that is read from the file\ \-\- it does
+not force the duplication of the source-spec path (/usr in this case).
+.IP
+In addition, the \fB\-\-files-from\fP file can be read from the remote host
+instead of the local host if you specify a "host:" in front of the file
+(the host must match one end of the transfer).  As a short-cut, you can
+specify just a prefix of ":" to mean "use the remote end of the transfer".
+For example:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -a --files-from=:/path/file-list src:/ /tmp/copy
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This would copy all the files specified in the /path/file-list file that
+was located on the remote "src" host.
+.IP
+If the \fB\-\-iconv\fP and \fB\-\-secluded-args\fP options are specified
+and the \fB\-\-files-from\fP filenames are being sent from one host to another,
+the filenames will be translated from the sending host's charset to the
+receiving host's charset.
+.IP
+NOTE: sorting the list of files in the \fB\-\-files-from\fP input helps rsync to
+be more efficient, as it will avoid re-visiting the path elements that are
+shared between adjacent entries.  If the input is not sorted, some path
+elements (implied directories) may end up being scanned multiple times, and
+rsync will eventually unduplicate them after they get turned into file-list
+elements.
+.IP "\fB\-\-from0\fP, \fB\-0\fP"
+This tells rsync that the rules/filenames it reads from a file are
+terminated by a null ('\\0') character, not a NL, CR, or CR+LF.  This
+affects \fB\-\-exclude-from\fP, \fB\-\-include-from\fP,
+\fB\-\-files-from\fP, and any merged files specified in a
+\fB\-\-filter\fP rule.  It does not affect \fB\-\-cvs-exclude\fP (since
+all names read from a .cvsignore file are split on whitespace).
+.IP "\fB\-\-old-args\fP"
+This option tells rsync to stop trying to protect the arg values on the
+remote side from unintended word-splitting or other misinterpretation.
+It also allows the client to treat an empty arg as a "." instead of
+generating an error.
+.IP
+The default in a modern rsync is for "shell-active" characters (including
+spaces) to be backslash-escaped in the args that are sent to the remote
+shell.  The wildcard characters \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP, \fB[\fP, & \fB]\fP are not escaped in
+filename args (allowing them to expand into multiple filenames) while being
+protected in option args, such as \fB\-\-usermap\fP.
+.IP
+If you have a script that wants to use old-style arg splitting in its
+filenames, specify this option once.  If the remote shell has a problem
+with any backslash escapes at all, specify this option twice.
+.IP
+You may also control this setting via the \fBRSYNC_OLD_ARGS\fP environment
+variable.  If it has the value "1", rsync will default to a single-option
+setting.  If it has the value "2" (or more), rsync will default to a
+repeated-option setting.  If it is "0", you'll get the default escaping
+behavior.  The environment is always overridden by manually specified
+positive or negative options (the negative is \fB\-\-no-old-args\fP).
+.IP
+Note that this option also disables the extra safety check added in 3.2.5
+that ensures that a remote sender isn't including extra top-level items in
+the file-list that you didn't request.  This side-effect is necessary
+because we can't know for sure what names to expect when the remote shell
+is interpreting the args.
+.IP
+This option conflicts with the \fB\-\-secluded-args\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-secluded-args\fP, \fB\-s\fP"
+This option sends all filenames and most options to the remote rsync via
+the protocol (not the remote shell command line) which avoids letting the
+remote shell modify them.  Wildcards are expanded on the remote host by
+rsync instead of a shell.
+.IP
+This is similar to the default backslash-escaping of args that was added
+in 3.2.4 (see \fB\-\-old-args\fP) in that it prevents things like space
+splitting and unwanted special-character side-effects. However, it has the
+drawbacks of being incompatible with older rsync versions (prior to 3.0.0)
+and of being refused by restricted shells that want to be able to inspect
+all the option values for safety.
+.IP
+This option is useful for those times that you need the argument's
+character set to be converted for the remote host, if the remote shell is
+incompatible with the default backslash-escpaing method, or there is some
+other reason that you want the majority of the options and arguments to
+bypass the command-line of the remote shell.
+.IP
+If you combine this option with \fB\-\-iconv\fP, the args related to the
+remote side will be translated from the local to the remote character-set.
+The translation happens before wild-cards are expanded.  See also the
+\fB\-\-files-from\fP option.
+.IP
+You may also control this setting via the \fBRSYNC_PROTECT_ARGS\fP
+environment variable.  If it has a non-zero value, this setting will be
+enabled by default, otherwise it will be disabled by default.  Either state
+is overridden by a manually specified positive or negative version of this
+option (note that \fB\-\-no-s\fP and \fB\-\-no-secluded-args\fP are the negative
+versions).  This environment variable is also superseded by a non-zero
+\fBRSYNC_OLD_ARGS\fP export.
+.IP
+This option conflicts with the \fB\-\-old-args\fP option.
+.IP
+This option used to be called \fB\-\-protect-args\fP (before 3.2.6) and that
+older name can still be used (though specifying it as \fB\-s\fP is always the
+easiest and most compatible choice).
+.IP "\fB\-\-trust-sender\fP"
+This option disables two extra validation checks that a local client
+performs on the file list generated by a remote sender.  This option should
+only be used if you trust the sender to not put something malicious in the
+file list (something that could possibly be done via a modified rsync, a
+modified shell, or some other similar manipulation).
+.IP
+Normally, the rsync client (as of version 3.2.5) runs two extra validation
+checks when pulling files from a remote rsync:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+It verifies that additional arg items didn't get added at the top of the
+transfer.
+.IP o
+It verifies that none of the items in the file list are names that should
+have been excluded (if filter rules were specified).
+.RE
+.IP
+Note that various options can turn off one or both of these checks if the
+option interferes with the validation.  For instance:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+Using a per-directory filter file reads filter rules that only the server
+knows about, so the filter checking is disabled.
+.IP o
+Using the \fB\-\-old-args\fP option allows the sender to manipulate the
+requested args, so the arg checking is disabled.
+.IP o
+Reading the files-from list from the server side means that the client
+doesn't know the arg list, so the arg checking is disabled.
+.IP o
+Using \fB\-\-read-batch\fP disables both checks since the batch file's
+contents will have been verified when it was created.
+.RE
+.IP
+This option may help an under-powered client server if the extra pattern
+matching is slowing things down on a huge transfer.  It can also be used to
+work around a currently-unknown bug in the verification logic for a transfer
+from a trusted sender.
+.IP
+When using this option it is a good idea to specify a dedicated destination
+directory, as discussed in the MULTI-HOST SECURITY section.
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-as=USER[:GROUP]\fP"
+This option instructs rsync to use the USER and (if specified after a
+colon) the GROUP for the copy operations.  This only works if the user that
+is running rsync has the ability to change users.  If the group is not
+specified then the user's default groups are used.
+.IP
+This option can help to reduce the risk of an rsync being run as root into
+or out of a directory that might have live changes happening to it and you
+want to make sure that root-level read or write actions of system files are
+not possible.  While you could alternatively run all of rsync as the
+specified user, sometimes you need the root-level host-access credentials
+to be used, so this allows rsync to drop root for the copying part of the
+operation after the remote-shell or daemon connection is established.
+.IP
+The option only affects one side of the transfer unless the transfer is
+local, in which case it affects both sides.  Use the
+\fB\-\-remote-option\fP to affect the remote side, such as
+\fB\-M\-\-copy-as=joe\fP.  For a local transfer, the lsh (or lsh.sh) support file
+provides a local-shell helper script that can be used to allow a
+"localhost:" or "lh:" host-spec to be specified without needing to setup
+any remote shells, allowing you to specify remote options that affect the
+side of the transfer that is using the host-spec (and using hostname "lh"
+avoids the overriding of the remote directory to the user's home dir).
+.IP
+For example, the following rsync writes the local files as user "joe":
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+sudo rsync -aiv --copy-as=joe host1:backups/joe/ /home/joe/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This makes all files owned by user "joe", limits the groups to those that
+are available to that user, and makes it impossible for the joe user to do
+a timed exploit of the path to induce a change to a file that the joe user
+has no permissions to change.
+.IP
+The following command does a local copy into the "dest/" dir as user "joe"
+(assuming you've installed support/lsh into a dir on your $PATH):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+sudo rsync -aive lsh -M--copy-as=joe src/ lh:dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-temp-dir=DIR\fP, \fB\-T\fP"
+This option instructs rsync to use DIR as a scratch directory when creating
+temporary copies of the files transferred on the receiving side.  The
+default behavior is to create each temporary file in the same directory as
+the associated destination file.  Beginning with rsync 3.1.1, the temp-file
+names inside the specified DIR will not be prefixed with an extra dot
+(though they will still have a random suffix added).
+.IP
+This option is most often used when the receiving disk partition does not
+have enough free space to hold a copy of the largest file in the transfer.
+In this case (i.e. when the scratch directory is on a different disk
+partition), rsync will not be able to rename each received temporary file
+over the top of the associated destination file, but instead must copy it
+into place.  Rsync does this by copying the file over the top of the
+destination file, which means that the destination file will contain
+truncated data during this copy.  If this were not done this way (even if
+the destination file were first removed, the data locally copied to a
+temporary file in the destination directory, and then renamed into place)
+it would be possible for the old file to continue taking up disk space (if
+someone had it open), and thus there might not be enough room to fit the
+new version on the disk at the same time.
+.IP
+If you are using this option for reasons other than a shortage of disk
+space, you may wish to combine it with the \fB\-\-delay-updates\fP
+option, which will ensure that all copied files get put into subdirectories
+in the destination hierarchy, awaiting the end of the transfer.  If you
+don't have enough room to duplicate all the arriving files on the
+destination partition, another way to tell rsync that you aren't overly
+concerned about disk space is to use the \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP option
+with a relative path; because this tells rsync that it is OK to stash off a
+copy of a single file in a subdir in the destination hierarchy, rsync will
+use the partial-dir as a staging area to bring over the copied file, and
+then rename it into place from there. (Specifying a \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP
+with an absolute path does not have this side-effect.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-fuzzy\fP, \fB\-y\fP"
+This option tells rsync that it should look for a basis file for any
+destination file that is missing.  The current algorithm looks in the same
+directory as the destination file for either a file that has an identical
+size and modified-time, or a similarly-named file.  If found, rsync uses
+the fuzzy basis file to try to speed up the transfer.
+.IP
+If the option is repeated, the fuzzy scan will also be done in any matching
+alternate destination directories that are specified via
+\fB\-\-compare-dest\fP, \fB\-\-copy-dest\fP, or \fB\-\-link-dest\fP.
+.IP
+Note that the use of the \fB\-\-delete\fP option might get rid of any
+potential fuzzy-match files, so either use \fB\-\-delete-after\fP or
+specify some filename exclusions if you need to prevent this.
+.IP "\fB\-\-compare-dest=DIR\fP"
+This option instructs rsync to use \fIDIR\fP on the destination machine as an
+additional hierarchy to compare destination files against doing transfers
+(if the files are missing in the destination directory).  If a file is
+found in \fIDIR\fP that is identical to the sender's file, the file will NOT be
+transferred to the destination directory.  This is useful for creating a
+sparse backup of just files that have changed from an earlier backup.  This
+option is typically used to copy into an empty (or newly created)
+directory.
+.IP
+Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-compare-dest\fP directories may be
+provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
+for an exact match.  If a match is found that differs only in attributes, a
+local copy is made and the attributes updated.  If a match is not found, a
+basis file from one of the \fIDIRs\fP will be selected to try to speed up the
+transfer.
+.IP
+If \fIDIR\fP is a relative path, it is relative to the destination directory.
+See also \fB\-\-copy-dest\fP and \fB\-\-link-dest\fP.
+.IP
+NOTE: beginning with version 3.1.0, rsync will remove a file from a
+non-empty destination hierarchy if an exact match is found in one of the
+compare-dest hierarchies (making the end result more closely match a fresh
+copy).
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-dest=DIR\fP"
+This option behaves like \fB\-\-compare-dest\fP, but rsync will also copy
+unchanged files found in \fIDIR\fP to the destination directory using a local
+copy.  This is useful for doing transfers to a new destination while
+leaving existing files intact, and then doing a flash-cutover when all
+files have been successfully transferred.
+.IP
+Multiple \fB\-\-copy-dest\fP directories may be provided, which will cause rsync
+to search the list in the order specified for an unchanged file.  If a
+match is not found, a basis file from one of the \fIDIRs\fP will be selected to
+try to speed up the transfer.
+.IP
+If \fIDIR\fP is a relative path, it is relative to the destination directory.
+See also \fB\-\-compare-dest\fP and \fB\-\-link-dest\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-link-dest=DIR\fP"
+This option behaves like \fB\-\-copy-dest\fP, but unchanged files are
+hard linked from \fIDIR\fP to the destination directory.  The files must be
+identical in all preserved attributes (e.g. permissions, possibly
+ownership) in order for the files to be linked together.  An example:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av --link-dest=$PWD/prior_dir host:src_dir/ new_dir/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+If files aren't linking, double-check their attributes.  Also check if
+some attributes are getting forced outside of rsync's control, such a mount
+option that squishes root to a single user, or mounts a removable drive
+with generic ownership (such as OS X's "Ignore ownership on this volume"
+option).
+.IP
+Beginning in version 2.6.4, multiple \fB\-\-link-dest\fP directories may be
+provided, which will cause rsync to search the list in the order specified
+for an exact match (there is a limit of 20 such directories).  If a match
+is found that differs only in attributes, a local copy is made and the
+attributes updated.  If a match is not found, a basis file from one of the
+\fIDIRs\fP will be selected to try to speed up the transfer.
+.IP
+This option works best when copying into an empty destination hierarchy, as
+existing files may get their attributes tweaked, and that can affect
+alternate destination files via hard-links.  Also, itemizing of changes can
+get a bit muddled.  Note that prior to version 3.1.0, an
+alternate-directory exact match would never be found (nor linked into the
+destination) when a destination file already exists.
+.IP
+Note that if you combine this option with \fB\-\-ignore-times\fP, rsync will not
+link any files together because it only links identical files together as a
+substitute for transferring the file, never as an additional check after
+the file is updated.
+.IP
+If \fIDIR\fP is a relative path, it is relative to the destination directory.
+See also \fB\-\-compare-dest\fP and \fB\-\-copy-dest\fP.
+.IP
+Note that rsync versions prior to 2.6.1 had a bug that could prevent
+\fB\-\-link-dest\fP from working properly for a non-super-user when
+\fB\-\-owner\fP (\fB\-o\fP) was specified (or implied).  You can work-around
+this bug by avoiding the \fB\-o\fP option (or using \fB\-\-no-o\fP) when sending to an
+old rsync.
+.IP "\fB\-\-compress\fP, \fB\-z\fP"
+With this option, rsync compresses the file data as it is sent to the
+destination machine, which reduces the amount of data being transmitted\ \-\-
+something that is useful over a slow connection.
+.IP
+Rsync supports multiple compression methods and will choose one for you
+unless you force the choice using the \fB\-\-compress-choice\fP (\fB\-\-zc\fP)
+option.
+.IP
+Run \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP to see the default compress list compiled into your
+version.
+.IP
+When both sides of the transfer are at least 3.2.0, rsync chooses the first
+algorithm in the client's list of choices that is also in the server's list
+of choices.  If no common compress choice is found, rsync exits with
+an error.  If the remote rsync is too old to support checksum negotiation,
+its list is assumed to be "zlib".
+.IP
+The default order can be customized by setting the environment variable
+\fBRSYNC_COMPRESS_LIST\fP to a space-separated list of acceptable
+compression names.  If the string contains a "\fB&\fP" character, it is
+separated into the "client string & server string", otherwise the same
+string applies to both.  If the string (or string portion) contains no
+non-whitespace characters, the default compress list is used.  Any unknown
+compression names are discarded from the list, but a list with only invalid
+names results in a failed negotiation.
+.IP
+There are some older rsync versions that were configured to reject a \fB\-z\fP
+option and require the use of \fB\-zz\fP because their compression library was
+not compatible with the default zlib compression method.  You can usually
+ignore this weirdness unless the rsync server complains and tells you to
+specify \fB\-zz\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-compress-choice=STR\fP, \fB\-\-zc=STR\fP"
+This option can be used to override the automatic negotiation of the
+compression algorithm that occurs when \fB\-\-compress\fP is used.  The
+option implies \fB\-\-compress\fP unless "none" was specified, which
+instead implies \fB\-\-no-compress\fP.
+.IP
+The compression options that you may be able to use are:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+\fBzstd\fP
+.IP o
+\fBlz4\fP
+.IP o
+\fBzlibx\fP
+.IP o
+\fBzlib\fP
+.IP o
+\fBnone\fP
+.RE
+.IP
+Run \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP to see the default compress list compiled into your
+version (which may differ from the list above).
+.IP
+Note that if you see an error about an option named \fB\-\-old-compress\fP or
+\fB\-\-new-compress\fP, this is rsync trying to send the \fB\-\-compress-choice=zlib\fP
+or \fB\-\-compress-choice=zlibx\fP option in a backward-compatible manner that
+more rsync versions understand.  This error indicates that the older rsync
+version on the server will not allow you to force the compression type.
+.IP
+Note that the "zlibx" compression algorithm is just the "zlib" algorithm
+with matched data excluded from the compression stream (to try to make it
+more compatible with an external zlib implementation).
+.IP "\fB\-\-compress-level=NUM\fP, \fB\-\-zl=NUM\fP"
+Explicitly set the compression level to use (see \fB\-\-compress\fP,
+\fB\-z\fP) instead of letting it default.  The \fB\-\-compress\fP option is
+implied as long as the level chosen is not a "don't compress" level for the
+compression algorithm that is in effect (e.g. zlib compression treats level
+0 as "off").
+.IP
+The level values vary depending on the checksum in effect.  Because rsync
+will negotiate a checksum choice by default (when the remote rsync is new
+enough), it can be good to combine this option with a
+\fB\-\-compress-choice\fP (\fB\-\-zc\fP) option unless you're sure of the
+choice in effect.  For example:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -aiv --zc=zstd --zl=22 host:src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+For zlib & zlibx compression the valid values are from 1 to 9 with 6 being
+the default.  Specifying \fB\-\-zl=0\fP turns compression off, and specifying
+\fB\-\-zl=\-1\fP chooses the default level of 6.
+.IP
+For zstd compression the valid values are from \-131072 to 22 with 3 being
+the default. Specifying 0 chooses the default of 3.
+.IP
+For lz4 compression there are no levels, so the value is always 0.
+.IP
+If you specify a too-large or too-small value, the number is silently
+limited to a valid value.  This allows you to specify something like
+\fB\-\-zl=999999999\fP and be assured that you'll end up with the maximum
+compression level no matter what algorithm was chosen.
+.IP
+If you want to know the compression level that is in effect, specify
+\fB\-\-debug=nstr\fP to see the "negotiated string" results.  This will
+report something like "\fBClient\ compress:\ zstd\ (level\ 3)\fP" (along with the
+checksum choice in effect).
+.IP "\fB\-\-skip-compress=LIST\fP"
+\fBNOTE:\fP no compression method currently supports per-file compression
+changes, so this option has no effect.
+.IP
+Override the list of file suffixes that will be compressed as little as
+possible.  Rsync sets the compression level on a per-file basis based on
+the file's suffix.  If the compression algorithm has an "off" level, then
+no compression occurs for those files.  Other algorithms that support
+changing the streaming level on-the-fly will have the level minimized to
+reduces the CPU usage as much as possible for a matching file.
+.IP
+The \fBLIST\fP should be one or more file suffixes (without the dot) separated
+by slashes (\fB/\fP).  You may specify an empty string to indicate that no files
+should be skipped.
+.IP
+Simple character-class matching is supported: each must consist of a list
+of letters inside the square brackets (e.g. no special classes, such as
+"[:alpha:]", are supported, and '\-' has no special meaning).
+.IP
+The characters asterisk (\fB*\fP) and question-mark (\fB?\fP) have no special meaning.
+.IP
+Here's an example that specifies 6 suffixes to skip (since 1 of the 5 rules
+matches 2 suffixes):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--skip-compress=gz/jpg/mp[34]/7z/bz2
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+The default file suffixes in the skip-compress list in this version of
+rsync are:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+3g2
+3gp
+7z
+aac
+ace
+apk
+avi
+bz2
+deb
+dmg
+ear
+f4v
+flac
+flv
+gpg
+gz
+iso
+jar
+jpeg
+jpg
+lrz
+lz
+lz4
+lzma
+lzo
+m1a
+m1v
+m2a
+m2ts
+m2v
+m4a
+m4b
+m4p
+m4r
+m4v
+mka
+mkv
+mov
+mp1
+mp2
+mp3
+mp4
+mpa
+mpeg
+mpg
+mpv
+mts
+odb
+odf
+odg
+odi
+odm
+odp
+ods
+odt
+oga
+ogg
+ogm
+ogv
+ogx
+opus
+otg
+oth
+otp
+ots
+ott
+oxt
+png
+qt
+rar
+rpm
+rz
+rzip
+spx
+squashfs
+sxc
+sxd
+sxg
+sxm
+sxw
+sz
+tbz
+tbz2
+tgz
+tlz
+ts
+txz
+tzo
+vob
+war
+webm
+webp
+xz
+z
+zip
+zst
+.RE
+.IP
+This list will be replaced by your \fB\-\-skip-compress\fP list in all but one
+situation: a copy from a daemon rsync will add your skipped suffixes to its
+list of non-compressing files (and its list may be configured to a
+different default).
+.IP "\fB\-\-numeric-ids\fP"
+With this option rsync will transfer numeric group and user IDs rather than
+using user and group names and mapping them at both ends.
+.IP
+By default rsync will use the username and groupname to determine what
+ownership to give files.  The special uid 0 and the special group 0 are
+never mapped via user/group names even if the \fB\-\-numeric-ids\fP option is not
+specified.
+.IP
+If a user or group has no name on the source system or it has no match on
+the destination system, then the numeric ID from the source system is used
+instead.  See also the \fBuse\ chroot\fP setting
+in the rsyncd.conf manpage for some comments on how the chroot setting
+affects rsync's ability to look up the names of the users and groups and
+what you can do about it.
+.IP "\fB\-\-usermap=STRING\fP, \fB\-\-groupmap=STRING\fP"
+These options allow you to specify users and groups that should be mapped
+to other values by the receiving side.  The \fBSTRING\fP is one or more
+\fBFROM\fP:\fBTO\fP pairs of values separated by commas.  Any matching \fBFROM\fP
+value from the sender is replaced with a \fBTO\fP value from the receiver.
+You may specify usernames or user IDs for the \fBFROM\fP and \fBTO\fP values,
+and the \fBFROM\fP value may also be a wild-card string, which will be
+matched against the sender's names (wild-cards do NOT match against ID
+numbers, though see below for why a '\fB*\fP' matches everything).  You may
+instead specify a range of ID numbers via an inclusive range: LOW-HIGH.
+For example:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--usermap=0-99:nobody,wayne:admin,*:normal --groupmap=usr:1,1:usr
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+The first match in the list is the one that is used.  You should specify
+all your user mappings using a single \fB\-\-usermap\fP option, and/or all your
+group mappings using a single \fB\-\-groupmap\fP option.
+.IP
+Note that the sender's name for the 0 user and group are not transmitted to
+the receiver, so you should either match these values using a 0, or use the
+names in effect on the receiving side (typically "root").  All other
+\fBFROM\fP names match those in use on the sending side.  All \fBTO\fP names
+match those in use on the receiving side.
+.IP
+Any IDs that do not have a name on the sending side are treated as having
+an empty name for the purpose of matching.  This allows them to be matched
+via a "\fB*\fP" or using an empty name.  For instance:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--usermap=:nobody --groupmap=*:nobody
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+When the \fB\-\-numeric-ids\fP option is used, the sender does not send any
+names, so all the IDs are treated as having an empty name.  This means that
+you will need to specify numeric \fBFROM\fP values if you want to map these
+nameless IDs to different values.
+.IP
+For the \fB\-\-usermap\fP option to work, the receiver will need to be running as
+a super-user (see also the \fB\-\-super\fP and \fB\-\-fake-super\fP
+options).  For the \fB\-\-groupmap\fP option to work, the receiver will need to
+have permissions to set that group.
+.IP
+Starting with rsync 3.2.4, the \fB\-\-usermap\fP option implies the
+\fB\-\-owner\fP (\fB\-o\fP) option while the \fB\-\-groupmap\fP option implies the
+\fB\-\-group\fP (\fB\-g\fP) option (since rsync needs to have those options
+enabled for the mapping options to work).
+.IP
+An older rsync client may need to use \fB\-s\fP to avoid a complaint
+about wildcard characters, but a modern rsync handles this automatically.
+.IP "\fB\-\-chown=USER:GROUP\fP"
+This option forces all files to be owned by USER with group GROUP.  This is
+a simpler interface than using \fB\-\-usermap\fP & \fB\-\-groupmap\fP
+directly, but it is implemented using those options internally so they
+cannot be mixed.  If either the USER or GROUP is empty, no mapping for the
+omitted user/group will occur.  If GROUP is empty, the trailing colon may
+be omitted, but if USER is empty, a leading colon must be supplied.
+.IP
+If you specify "\fB\-\-chown=foo:bar\fP", this is exactly the same as specifying
+"\fB\-\-usermap=*:foo\ \-\-groupmap=*:bar\fP", only easier (and with the same
+implied \fB\-\-owner\fP and/or \fB\-\-group\fP options).
+.IP
+An older rsync client may need to use \fB\-s\fP to avoid a complaint
+about wildcard characters, but a modern rsync handles this automatically.
+.IP "\fB\-\-timeout=SECONDS\fP"
+This option allows you to set a maximum I/O timeout in seconds.  If no data
+is transferred for the specified time then rsync will exit.  The default is
+0, which means no timeout.
+.IP "\fB\-\-contimeout=SECONDS\fP"
+This option allows you to set the amount of time that rsync will wait for
+its connection to an rsync daemon to succeed.  If the timeout is reached,
+rsync exits with an error.
+.IP "\fB\-\-address=ADDRESS\fP"
+By default rsync will bind to the wildcard address when connecting to an
+rsync daemon.  The \fB\-\-address\fP option allows you to specify a specific IP
+address (or hostname) to bind to.
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of the \fB\-\-address\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+This specifies an alternate TCP port number to use rather than the default
+of 873.  This is only needed if you are using the double-colon (::) syntax
+to connect with an rsync daemon (since the URL syntax has a way to specify
+the port as a part of the URL).
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of the \fB\-\-port\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-sockopts=OPTIONS\fP"
+This option can provide endless fun for people who like to tune their
+systems to the utmost degree.  You can set all sorts of socket options
+which may make transfers faster (or slower!).  Read the manpage for the
+\fBsetsockopt()\fP system call for details on some of the options you may be
+able to set.  By default no special socket options are set.  This only
+affects direct socket connections to a remote rsync daemon.
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of the \fB\-\-sockopts\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-blocking-io\fP"
+This tells rsync to use blocking I/O when launching a remote shell
+transport.  If the remote shell is either rsh or remsh, rsync defaults to
+using blocking I/O, otherwise it defaults to using non-blocking I/O. (Note
+that ssh prefers non-blocking I/O.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-outbuf=MODE\fP"
+This sets the output buffering mode.  The mode can be None (aka
+Unbuffered), Line, or Block (aka Full).  You may specify as little as a
+single letter for the mode, and use upper or lower case.
+.IP
+The main use of this option is to change Full buffering to Line buffering
+when rsync's output is going to a file or pipe.
+.IP "\fB\-\-itemize-changes\fP, \fB\-i\fP"
+Requests a simple itemized list of the changes that are being made to each
+file, including attribute changes.  This is exactly the same as specifying
+\fB\-\-out-format='%i\ %n%L'\fP.  If you repeat the option, unchanged
+files will also be output, but only if the receiving rsync is at least
+version 2.6.7 (you can use \fB\-vv\fP with older versions of rsync, but that
+also turns on the output of other verbose messages).
+.IP
+The "%i" escape has a cryptic output that is 11 letters long.  The general
+format is like the string \fBYXcstpoguax\fP, where \fBY\fP is replaced by the type
+of update being done, \fBX\fP is replaced by the file-type, and the other
+letters represent attributes that may be output if they are being modified.
+.IP
+The update types that replace the \fBY\fP are as follows:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+A \fB<\fP means that a file is being transferred to the remote host (sent).
+.IP o
+A \fB>\fP means that a file is being transferred to the local host
+(received).
+.IP o
+A \fBc\fP means that a local change/creation is occurring for the item (such
+as the creation of a directory or the changing of a symlink, etc.).
+.IP o
+A \fBh\fP means that the item is a hard link to another item (requires
+\fB\-\-hard-links\fP).
+.IP o
+A \fB.\fP means that the item is not being updated (though it might have
+attributes that are being modified).
+.IP o
+A \fB*\fP means that the rest of the itemized-output area contains a message
+(e.g. "deleting").
+.RE
+.IP
+The file-types that replace the \fBX\fP are: \fBf\fP for a file, a \fBd\fP for a
+directory, an \fBL\fP for a symlink, a \fBD\fP for a device, and a \fBS\fP for a
+special file (e.g. named sockets and fifos).
+.IP
+The other letters in the string indicate if some attributes of the file
+have changed, as follows:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+"\fB.\fP" \- the attribute is unchanged.
+.IP o
+"\fB+\fP" \- the file is newly created.
+.IP o
+"\fB\ \fP" \- all the attributes are unchanged (all dots turn to spaces).
+.IP o
+"\fB?\fP" \- the change is unknown (when the remote rsync is old).
+.IP o
+A letter indicates an attribute is being updated.
+.RE
+.IP
+The attribute that is associated with each letter is as follows:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+A \fBc\fP means either that a regular file has a different checksum (requires
+\fB\-\-checksum\fP) or that a symlink, device, or special file has a
+changed value.  Note that if you are sending files to an rsync prior to
+3.0.1, this change flag will be present only for checksum-differing
+regular files.
+.IP o
+A \fBs\fP means the size of a regular file is different and will be updated
+by the file transfer.
+.IP o
+A \fBt\fP means the modification time is different and is being updated to
+the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-times\fP).  An alternate value of
+\fBT\fP means that the modification time will be set to the transfer time,
+which happens when a file/symlink/device is updated without
+\fB\-\-times\fP and when a symlink is changed and the receiver can't
+set its time. (Note: when using an rsync 3.0.0 client, you might see the
+\fBs\fP flag combined with \fBt\fP instead of the proper \fBT\fP flag for this
+time-setting failure.)
+.IP o
+A \fBp\fP means the permissions are different and are being updated to the
+sender's value (requires \fB\-\-perms\fP).
+.IP o
+An \fBo\fP means the owner is different and is being updated to the sender's
+value (requires \fB\-\-owner\fP and super-user privileges).
+.IP o
+A \fBg\fP means the group is different and is being updated to the sender's
+value (requires \fB\-\-group\fP and the authority to set the group).
+.IP o
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+A \fBu\fP|\fBn\fP|\fBb\fP indicates the following information:
+
+\fBu\fP  means the access (use) time is different and is being updated to
+the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-atimes\fP)
+.IP o
+\fBn\fP means the create time (newness) is different and is being updated
+to the sender's value (requires \fB\-\-crtimes\fP)
+.IP o
+\fBb\fP means that both the access and create times are being updated
+.RE
+.IP o
+The \fBa\fP means that the ACL information is being changed.
+.IP o
+The \fBx\fP means that the extended attribute information is being changed.
+.RE
+.IP
+One other output is possible: when deleting files, the "%i" will output the
+string "\fB*deleting\fP" for each item that is being removed (assuming that you
+are talking to a recent enough rsync that it logs deletions instead of
+outputting them as a verbose message).
+.IP "\fB\-\-out-format=FORMAT\fP"
+This allows you to specify exactly what the rsync client outputs to the
+user on a per-update basis.  The format is a text string containing
+embedded single-character escape sequences prefixed with a percent (%)
+character.  A default format of "%n%L" is assumed if either
+\fB\-\-info=name\fP or \fB\-v\fP is specified (this tells you just the
+name of the file and, if the item is a link, where it points).  For a full
+list of the possible escape characters, see the \fBlog\ format\fP setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+.IP
+Specifying the \fB\-\-out-format\fP option implies the \fB\-\-info=name\fP
+option, which will mention each file, dir, etc. that gets updated in a
+significant way (a transferred file, a recreated symlink/device, or a
+touched directory).  In addition, if the itemize-changes escape (%i) is
+included in the string (e.g. if the \fB\-\-itemize-changes\fP option was
+used), the logging of names increases to mention any item that is changed
+in any way (as long as the receiving side is at least 2.6.4).  See the
+\fB\-\-itemize-changes\fP option for a description of the output of "%i".
+.IP
+Rsync will output the out-format string prior to a file's transfer unless
+one of the transfer-statistic escapes is requested, in which case the
+logging is done at the end of the file's transfer.  When this late logging
+is in effect and \fB\-\-progress\fP is also specified, rsync will also
+output the name of the file being transferred prior to its progress
+information (followed, of course, by the out-format output).
+.IP "\fB\-\-log-file=FILE\fP"
+This option causes rsync to log what it is doing to a file.  This is
+similar to the logging that a daemon does, but can be requested for the
+client side and/or the server side of a non-daemon transfer.  If specified
+as a client option, transfer logging will be enabled with a default format
+of "%i %n%L".  See the \fB\-\-log-file-format\fP option if you wish to
+override this.
+.IP
+Here's an example command that requests the remote side to log what is
+happening:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av --remote-option=--log-file=/tmp/rlog src/ dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This is very useful if you need to debug why a connection is closing
+unexpectedly.
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of the \fB\-\-log-file\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-log-file-format=FORMAT\fP"
+This allows you to specify exactly what per-update logging is put into the
+file specified by the \fB\-\-log-file\fP option (which must also be
+specified for this option to have any effect).  If you specify an empty
+string, updated files will not be mentioned in the log file.  For a list of
+the possible escape characters, see the \fBlog\ format\fP
+setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+.IP
+The default FORMAT used if \fB\-\-log-file\fP is specified and this
+option is not is '%i %n%L'.
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of the \fB\-\-log-file-format\fP
+option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-stats\fP"
+This tells rsync to print a verbose set of statistics on the file transfer,
+allowing you to tell how effective rsync's delta-transfer algorithm is for
+your data.  This option is equivalent to \fB\-\-info=stats2\fP if
+combined with 0 or 1 \fB\-v\fP options, or \fB\-\-info=stats3\fP if
+combined with 2 or more \fB\-v\fP options.
+.IP
+The current statistics are as follows:
+.IP
+.RS
+.IP o
+\fBNumber\ of\ files\fP is the count of all "files" (in the generic sense),
+which includes directories, symlinks, etc.  The total count will be
+followed by a list of counts by filetype (if the total is non-zero).  For
+example: "(reg: 5, dir: 3, link: 2, dev: 1, special: 1)" lists the totals
+for regular files, directories, symlinks, devices, and special files.  If
+any of value is 0, it is completely omitted from the list.
+.IP o
+\fBNumber\ of\ created\ files\fP is the count of how many "files" (generic
+sense) were created (as opposed to updated).  The total count will be
+followed by a list of counts by filetype (if the total is non-zero).
+.IP o
+\fBNumber\ of\ deleted\ files\fP is the count of how many "files" (generic
+sense) were deleted.  The total count will be
+followed by a list of counts by filetype (if the total is non-zero).
+Note that this line is only output if deletions are in effect, and only
+if protocol 31 is being used (the default for rsync 3.1.x).
+.IP o
+\fBNumber\ of\ regular\ files\ transferred\fP is the count of normal files that
+were updated via rsync's delta-transfer algorithm, which does not include
+dirs, symlinks, etc.  Note that rsync 3.1.0 added the word "regular" into
+this heading.
+.IP o
+\fBTotal\ file\ size\fP is the total sum of all file sizes in the transfer.
+This does not count any size for directories or special files, but does
+include the size of symlinks.
+.IP o
+\fBTotal\ transferred\ file\ size\fP is the total sum of all files sizes for
+just the transferred files.
+.IP o
+\fBLiteral\ data\fP is how much unmatched file-update data we had to send to
+the receiver for it to recreate the updated files.
+.IP o
+\fBMatched\ data\fP is how much data the receiver got locally when recreating
+the updated files.
+.IP o
+\fBFile\ list\ size\fP is how big the file-list data was when the sender sent
+it to the receiver.  This is smaller than the in-memory size for the file
+list due to some compressing of duplicated data when rsync sends the
+list.
+.IP o
+\fBFile\ list\ generation\ time\fP is the number of seconds that the sender
+spent creating the file list.  This requires a modern rsync on the
+sending side for this to be present.
+.IP o
+\fBFile\ list\ transfer\ time\fP is the number of seconds that the sender spent
+sending the file list to the receiver.
+.IP o
+\fBTotal\ bytes\ sent\fP is the count of all the bytes that rsync sent from the
+client side to the server side.
+.IP o
+\fBTotal\ bytes\ received\fP is the count of all non-message bytes that rsync
+received by the client side from the server side. "Non-message" bytes
+means that we don't count the bytes for a verbose message that the server
+sent to us, which makes the stats more consistent.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-8-bit-output\fP, \fB\-8\fP"
+This tells rsync to leave all high-bit characters unescaped in the output
+instead of trying to test them to see if they're valid in the current
+locale and escaping the invalid ones.  All control characters (but never
+tabs) are always escaped, regardless of this option's setting.
+.IP
+The escape idiom that started in 2.6.7 is to output a literal backslash
+(\fB\\\fP) and a hash (\fB#\fP), followed by exactly 3 octal digits.  For example, a
+newline would output as "\fB\\#012\fP".  A literal backslash that is in a
+filename is not escaped unless it is followed by a hash and 3 digits (0-9).
+.IP "\fB\-\-human-readable\fP, \fB\-h\fP"
+Output numbers in a more human-readable format.  There are 3 possible levels:
+.RS
+.IP
+.IP 1.
+output numbers with a separator between each set of 3 digits (either a
+comma or a period, depending on if the decimal point is represented by a
+period or a comma).
+.IP 2.
+output numbers in units of 1000 (with a character suffix for larger
+units\ \-\- see below).
+.IP 3.
+output numbers in units of 1024.
+.RE
+.IP
+The default is human-readable level 1.  Each \fB\-h\fP option increases the
+level by one.  You can take the level down to 0 (to output numbers as pure
+digits) by specifying the \fB\-\-no-human-readable\fP (\fB\-\-no-h\fP) option.
+.IP
+The unit letters that are appended in levels 2 and 3 are: \fBK\fP (kilo), \fBM\fP
+(mega), \fBG\fP (giga), \fBT\fP (tera), or \fBP\fP (peta).  For example, a 1234567-byte
+file would output as 1.23M in level-2 (assuming that a period is your local
+decimal point).
+.IP
+Backward compatibility note: versions of rsync prior to 3.1.0 do not
+support human-readable level 1, and they default to level 0.  Thus,
+specifying one or two \fB\-h\fP options will behave in a comparable manner in
+old and new versions as long as you didn't specify a \fB\-\-no-h\fP option prior
+to one or more \fB\-h\fP options.  See the \fB\-\-list-only\fP option for one
+difference.
+.IP "\fB\-\-partial\fP"
+By default, rsync will delete any partially transferred file if the
+transfer is interrupted.  In some circumstances it is more desirable to
+keep partially transferred files.  Using the \fB\-\-partial\fP option tells rsync
+to keep the partial file which should make a subsequent transfer of the
+rest of the file much faster.
+.IP "\fB\-\-partial-dir=DIR\fP"
+This option modifies the behavior of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option while
+also implying that it be enabled.  This enhanced partial-file method puts
+any partially transferred files into the specified \fIDIR\fP instead of writing
+the partial file out to the destination file.  On the next transfer, rsync
+will use a file found in this dir as data to speed up the resumption of the
+transfer and then delete it after it has served its purpose.
+.IP
+Note that if \fB\-\-whole-file\fP is specified (or implied), any
+partial-dir files that are found for a file that is being updated will
+simply be removed (since rsync is sending files without using rsync's
+delta-transfer algorithm).
+.IP
+Rsync will create the \fIDIR\fP if it is missing, but just the last dir\ \-\- not
+the whole path.  This makes it easy to use a relative path (such as
+"\fB\-\-partial-dir=.rsync-partial\fP") to have rsync create the
+partial-directory in the destination file's directory when it is needed,
+and then remove it again when the partial file is deleted.  Note that this
+directory removal is only done for a relative pathname, as it is expected
+that an absolute path is to a directory that is reserved for partial-dir
+work.
+.IP
+If the partial-dir value is not an absolute path, rsync will add an exclude
+rule at the end of all your existing excludes.  This will prevent the
+sending of any partial-dir files that may exist on the sending side, and
+will also prevent the untimely deletion of partial-dir items on the
+receiving side.  An example: the above \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP option would add the
+equivalent of this "perishable" exclude at the end of any other filter
+rules: \fB\-f\ '\-p\ .rsync-partial/'\fP
+.IP
+If you are supplying your own exclude rules, you may need to add your own
+exclude/hide/protect rule for the partial-dir because:
+.RS
+.IP
+.IP 1.
+the auto-added rule may be ineffective at the end of your other rules, or
+.IP 2.
+you may wish to override rsync's exclude choice.
+.RE
+.IP
+For instance, if you want to make rsync clean-up any left-over partial-dirs
+that may be lying around, you should specify \fB\-\-delete-after\fP and
+add a "risk" filter rule, e.g.  \fB\-f\ 'R\ .rsync-partial/'\fP. Avoid using
+\fB\-\-delete-before\fP or \fB\-\-delete-during\fP unless you don't
+need rsync to use any of the left-over partial-dir data during the current
+run.
+.IP
+IMPORTANT: the \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP should not be writable by other users or it
+is a security risk!  E.g. AVOID "/tmp"!
+.IP
+You can also set the partial-dir value the \fBRSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR\fP
+environment variable.  Setting this in the environment does not force
+\fB\-\-partial\fP to be enabled, but rather it affects where partial
+files go when \fB\-\-partial\fP is specified.  For instance, instead of
+using \fB\-\-partial-dir=.rsync-tmp\fP along with \fB\-\-progress\fP, you could
+set \fBRSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR=.rsync-tmp\fP in your environment and then use
+the \fB\-P\fP option to turn on the use of the .rsync-tmp dir for
+partial transfers.  The only times that the \fB\-\-partial\fP option does
+not look for this environment value are:
+.RS
+.IP
+.IP 1.
+when \fB\-\-inplace\fP was specified (since \fB\-\-inplace\fP
+conflicts with \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP), and
+.IP 2.
+when \fB\-\-delay-updates\fP was specified (see below).
+.RE
+.IP
+When a modern rsync resumes the transfer of a file in the partial-dir, that
+partial file is now updated in-place instead of creating yet another
+tmp-file copy (so it maxes out at dest + tmp instead of dest + partial +
+tmp).  This requires both ends of the transfer to be at least version
+3.2.0.
+.IP
+For the purposes of the daemon-config's "\fBrefuse\ options\fP" setting,
+\fB\-\-partial-dir\fP does \fInot\fP imply \fB\-\-partial\fP.  This is so that a
+refusal of the \fB\-\-partial\fP option can be used to disallow the
+overwriting of destination files with a partial transfer, while still
+allowing the safer idiom provided by \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-delay-updates\fP"
+This option puts the temporary file from each updated file into a holding
+directory until the end of the transfer, at which time all the files are
+renamed into place in rapid succession.  This attempts to make the updating
+of the files a little more atomic.  By default the files are placed into a
+directory named \fB.~tmp~\fP in each file's destination directory, but if
+you've specified the \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP option, that directory will be
+used instead.  See the comments in the \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP section for
+a discussion of how this \fB.~tmp~\fP dir will be excluded from the transfer,
+and what you can do if you want rsync to cleanup old \fB.~tmp~\fP dirs that
+might be lying around.  Conflicts with \fB\-\-inplace\fP and
+\fB\-\-append\fP.
+.IP
+This option implies \fB\-\-no-inc-recursive\fP since it needs the full
+file list in memory in order to be able to iterate over it at the end.
+.IP
+This option uses more memory on the receiving side (one bit per file
+transferred) and also requires enough free disk space on the receiving side
+to hold an additional copy of all the updated files.  Note also that you
+should not use an absolute path to \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP unless:
+.RS
+.IP
+.IP 1.
+there is no chance of any of the files in the transfer having the same
+name (since all the updated files will be put into a single directory if
+the path is absolute), and
+.IP 2.
+there are no mount points in the hierarchy (since the delayed updates
+will fail if they can't be renamed into place).
+.RE
+.IP
+See also the "atomic-rsync" python script in the "support" subdir for an
+update algorithm that is even more atomic (it uses \fB\-\-link-dest\fP
+and a parallel hierarchy of files).
+.IP "\fB\-\-prune-empty-dirs\fP, \fB\-m\fP"
+This option tells the receiving rsync to get rid of empty directories from
+the file-list, including nested directories that have no non-directory
+children.  This is useful for avoiding the creation of a bunch of useless
+directories when the sending rsync is recursively scanning a hierarchy of
+files using include/exclude/filter rules.
+.IP
+This option can still leave empty directories on the receiving side if you
+make use of TRANSFER_RULES.
+.IP
+Because the file-list is actually being pruned, this option also affects
+what directories get deleted when a delete is active.  However, keep in
+mind that excluded files and directories can prevent existing items from
+being deleted due to an exclude both hiding source files and protecting
+destination files.  See the perishable filter-rule option for how to avoid
+this.
+.IP
+You can prevent the pruning of certain empty directories from the file-list
+by using a global "protect" filter.  For instance, this option would ensure
+that the directory "emptydir" was kept in the file-list:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+--filter 'protect emptydir/'
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+Here's an example that copies all .pdf files in a hierarchy, only creating
+the necessary destination directories to hold the .pdf files, and ensures
+that any superfluous files and directories in the destination are removed
+(note the hide filter of non-directories being used instead of an exclude):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -avm --del --include='*.pdf' -f 'hide,! */' src/ dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+If you didn't want to remove superfluous destination files, the more
+time-honored options of \fB\-\-include='*/'\ \-\-exclude='*'\fP would work
+fine in place of the hide-filter (if that is more natural to you).
+.IP "\fB\-\-progress\fP"
+This option tells rsync to print information showing the progress of the
+transfer.  This gives a bored user something to watch.  With a modern rsync
+this is the same as specifying \fB\-\-info=flist2,name,progress\fP, but
+any user-supplied settings for those info flags takes precedence (e.g.
+\fB\-\-info=flist0\ \-\-progress\fP).
+.IP
+While rsync is transferring a regular file, it updates a progress line that
+looks like this:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+782448  63%  110.64kB/s    0:00:04
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+In this example, the receiver has reconstructed 782448 bytes or 63% of the
+sender's file, which is being reconstructed at a rate of 110.64 kilobytes
+per second, and the transfer will finish in 4 seconds if the current rate
+is maintained until the end.
+.IP
+These statistics can be misleading if rsync's delta-transfer algorithm is
+in use.  For example, if the sender's file consists of the basis file
+followed by additional data, the reported rate will probably drop
+dramatically when the receiver gets to the literal data, and the transfer
+will probably take much longer to finish than the receiver estimated as it
+was finishing the matched part of the file.
+.IP
+When the file transfer finishes, rsync replaces the progress line with a
+summary line that looks like this:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+1,238,099 100%  146.38kB/s    0:00:08  (xfr#5, to-chk=169/396)
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+In this example, the file was 1,238,099 bytes long in total, the average
+rate of transfer for the whole file was 146.38 kilobytes per second over
+the 8 seconds that it took to complete, it was the 5th transfer of a
+regular file during the current rsync session, and there are 169 more files
+for the receiver to check (to see if they are up-to-date or not) remaining
+out of the 396 total files in the file-list.
+.IP
+In an incremental recursion scan, rsync won't know the total number of
+files in the file-list until it reaches the ends of the scan, but since it
+starts to transfer files during the scan, it will display a line with the
+text "ir-chk" (for incremental recursion check) instead of "to-chk" until
+the point that it knows the full size of the list, at which point it will
+switch to using "to-chk".  Thus, seeing "ir-chk" lets you know that the
+total count of files in the file list is still going to increase (and each
+time it does, the count of files left to check will increase by the number
+of the files added to the list).
+.IP "\fB\-P\fP"
+The \fB\-P\fP option is equivalent to "\fB\-\-partial\fP
+\fB\-\-progress\fP".  Its purpose is to make it much easier to specify
+these two options for a long transfer that may be interrupted.
+.IP
+There is also a \fB\-\-info=progress2\fP option that outputs statistics
+based on the whole transfer, rather than individual files.  Use this flag
+without outputting a filename (e.g. avoid \fB\-v\fP or specify
+\fB\-\-info=name0\fP) if you want to see how the transfer is doing
+without scrolling the screen with a lot of names. (You don't need to
+specify the \fB\-\-progress\fP option in order to use
+\fB\-\-info=progress2\fP.)
+.IP
+Finally, you can get an instant progress report by sending rsync a signal
+of either SIGINFO or SIGVTALRM.  On BSD systems, a SIGINFO is generated by
+typing a Ctrl+T (Linux doesn't currently support a SIGINFO signal).  When
+the client-side process receives one of those signals, it sets a flag to
+output a single progress report which is output when the current file
+transfer finishes (so it may take a little time if a big file is being
+handled when the signal arrives).  A filename is output (if needed)
+followed by the \fB\-\-info=progress2\fP format of progress info.  If you
+don't know which of the 3 rsync processes is the client process, it's OK to
+signal all of them (since the non-client processes ignore the signal).
+.IP
+CAUTION: sending SIGVTALRM to an older rsync (pre-3.2.0) will kill it.
+.IP "\fB\-\-password-file=FILE\fP"
+This option allows you to provide a password for accessing an rsync daemon
+via a file or via standard input if \fBFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP.  The file should
+contain just the password on the first line (all other lines are ignored).
+Rsync will exit with an error if \fBFILE\fP is world readable or if a
+root-run rsync command finds a non-root-owned file.
+.IP
+This option does not supply a password to a remote shell transport such as
+ssh; to learn how to do that, consult the remote shell's documentation.
+When accessing an rsync daemon using a remote shell as the transport, this
+option only comes into effect after the remote shell finishes its
+authentication (i.e. if you have also specified a password in the daemon's
+config file).
+.IP "\fB\-\-early-input=FILE\fP"
+This option allows rsync to send up to 5K of data to the "early exec"
+script on its stdin.  One possible use of this data is to give the script a
+secret that can be used to mount an encrypted filesystem (which you should
+unmount in the the "post-xfer exec" script).
+.IP
+The daemon must be at least version 3.2.1.
+.IP "\fB\-\-list-only\fP"
+This option will cause the source files to be listed instead of
+transferred.  This option is inferred if there is a single source arg and
+no destination specified, so its main uses are:
+.RS
+.IP
+.IP 1.
+to turn a copy command that includes a destination arg into a
+file-listing command, or
+.IP 2.
+to be able to specify more than one source arg.  Note: be sure to
+include the destination.
+.RE
+.IP
+CAUTION: keep in mind that a source arg with a wild-card is expanded by the
+shell into multiple args, so it is never safe to try to specify a single
+wild-card arg to try to infer this option. A safe example is:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync -av --list-only foo* dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+This option always uses an output format that looks similar to this:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+drwxrwxr-x          4,096 2022/09/30 12:53:11 support
+-rw-rw-r--             80 2005/01/11 10:37:37 support/Makefile
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+The only option that affects this output style is (as of 3.1.0) the
+\fB\-\-human-readable\fP (\fB\-h\fP) option.  The default is to output sizes
+as byte counts with digit separators (in a 14-character-width column).
+Specifying at least one \fB\-h\fP option makes the sizes output with unit
+suffixes.  If you want old-style bytecount sizes without digit separators
+(and an 11-character-width column) use \fB\-\-no-h\fP.
+.IP
+Compatibility note: when requesting a remote listing of files from an rsync
+that is version 2.6.3 or older, you may encounter an error if you ask for a
+non-recursive listing.  This is because a file listing implies the
+\fB\-\-dirs\fP option w/o \fB\-\-recursive\fP, and older rsyncs don't
+have that option.  To avoid this problem, either specify the \fB\-\-no-dirs\fP
+option (if you don't need to expand a directory's content), or turn on
+recursion and exclude the content of subdirectories: \fB\-r\ \-\-exclude='/*/*'\fP.
+.IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=RATE\fP"
+This option allows you to specify the maximum transfer rate for the data
+sent over the socket, specified in units per second.  The RATE value can be
+suffixed with a string to indicate a size multiplier, and may be a
+fractional value (e.g. \fB\-\-bwlimit=1.5m\fP).  If no suffix is specified, the
+value will be assumed to be in units of 1024 bytes (as if "K" or "KiB" had
+been appended).  See the \fB\-\-max-size\fP option for a description of
+all the available suffixes.  A value of 0 specifies no limit.
+.IP
+For backward-compatibility reasons, the rate limit will be rounded to the
+nearest KiB unit, so no rate smaller than 1024 bytes per second is
+possible.
+.IP
+Rsync writes data over the socket in blocks, and this option both limits
+the size of the blocks that rsync writes, and tries to keep the average
+transfer rate at the requested limit.  Some burstiness may be seen where
+rsync writes out a block of data and then sleeps to bring the average rate
+into compliance.
+.IP
+Due to the internal buffering of data, the \fB\-\-progress\fP option may
+not be an accurate reflection on how fast the data is being sent.  This is
+because some files can show up as being rapidly sent when the data is
+quickly buffered, while other can show up as very slow when the flushing of
+the output buffer occurs.  This may be fixed in a future version.
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of the \fB\-\-bwlimit\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-stop-after=MINS\fP, (\fB\-\-time-limit=MINS\fP)"
+This option tells rsync to stop copying when the specified number of
+minutes has elapsed.
+.IP
+For maximal flexibility, rsync does not communicate this option to the
+remote rsync since it is usually enough that one side of the connection
+quits as specified.  This allows the option's use even when only one side
+of the connection supports it.  You can tell the remote side about the time
+limit using \fB\-\-remote-option\fP (\fB\-M\fP), should the need arise.
+.IP
+The \fB\-\-time-limit\fP version of this option is deprecated.
+.IP "\fB\-\-stop-at=y-m-dTh:m\fP"
+This option tells rsync to stop copying when the specified point in time
+has been reached. The date & time can be fully specified in a numeric
+format of year-month-dayThour:minute (e.g. 2000-12-31T23:59) in the local
+timezone.  You may choose to separate the date numbers using slashes
+instead of dashes.
+.IP
+The value can also be abbreviated in a variety of ways, such as specifying
+a 2-digit year and/or leaving off various values.  In all cases, the value
+will be taken to be the next possible point in time where the supplied
+information matches.  If the value specifies the current time or a past
+time, rsync exits with an error.
+.IP
+For example, "1-30" specifies the next January 30th (at midnight local
+time), "14:00" specifies the next 2 P.M., "1" specifies the next 1st of the
+month at midnight, "31" specifies the next month where we can stop on its
+31st day, and ":59" specifies the next 59th minute after the hour.
+.IP
+For maximal flexibility, rsync does not communicate this option to the
+remote rsync since it is usually enough that one side of the connection
+quits as specified.  This allows the option's use even when only one side
+of the connection supports it.  You can tell the remote side about the time
+limit using \fB\-\-remote-option\fP (\fB\-M\fP), should the need arise.  Do
+keep in mind that the remote host may have a different default timezone
+than your local host.
+.IP "\fB\-\-fsync\fP"
+Cause the receiving side to fsync each finished file.  This may slow down
+the transfer, but can help to provide peace of mind when updating critical
+files.
+.IP "\fB\-\-write-batch=FILE\fP"
+Record a file that can later be applied to another identical destination
+with \fB\-\-read-batch\fP.  See the "BATCH MODE" section for details, and
+also the \fB\-\-only-write-batch\fP option.
+.IP
+This option overrides the negotiated checksum & compress lists and always
+negotiates a choice based on old-school md5/md4/zlib choices.  If you want
+a more modern choice, use the \fB\-\-checksum-choice\fP (\fB\-\-cc\fP) and/or
+\fB\-\-compress-choice\fP (\fB\-\-zc\fP) options.
+.IP "\fB\-\-only-write-batch=FILE\fP"
+Works like \fB\-\-write-batch\fP, except that no updates are made on the
+destination system when creating the batch.  This lets you transport the
+changes to the destination system via some other means and then apply the
+changes via \fB\-\-read-batch\fP.
+.IP
+Note that you can feel free to write the batch directly to some portable
+media: if this media fills to capacity before the end of the transfer, you
+can just apply that partial transfer to the destination and repeat the
+whole process to get the rest of the changes (as long as you don't mind a
+partially updated destination system while the multi-update cycle is
+happening).
+.IP
+Also note that you only save bandwidth when pushing changes to a remote
+system because this allows the batched data to be diverted from the sender
+into the batch file without having to flow over the wire to the receiver
+(when pulling, the sender is remote, and thus can't write the batch).
+.IP "\fB\-\-read-batch=FILE\fP"
+Apply all of the changes stored in FILE, a file previously generated by
+\fB\-\-write-batch\fP.  If \fIFILE\fP is \fB\-\fP, the batch data will be read
+from standard input. See the "BATCH MODE" section for details.
+.IP "\fB\-\-protocol=NUM\fP"
+Force an older protocol version to be used.  This is useful for creating a
+batch file that is compatible with an older version of rsync.  For
+instance, if rsync 2.6.4 is being used with the \fB\-\-write-batch\fP
+option, but rsync 2.6.3 is what will be used to run the
+\fB\-\-read-batch\fP option, you should use "\-\-protocol=28" when creating
+the batch file to force the older protocol version to be used in the batch
+file (assuming you can't upgrade the rsync on the reading system).
+.IP "\fB\-\-iconv=CONVERT_SPEC\fP"
+Rsync can convert filenames between character sets using this option.
+Using a CONVERT_SPEC of "." tells rsync to look up the default
+character-set via the locale setting.  Alternately, you can fully specify
+what conversion to do by giving a local and a remote charset separated by a
+comma in the order \fB\-\-iconv=LOCAL,REMOTE\fP, e.g. \fB\-\-iconv=utf8,iso88591\fP.
+This order ensures that the option will stay the same whether you're
+pushing or pulling files.  Finally, you can specify either \fB\-\-no-iconv\fP or
+a CONVERT_SPEC of "\-" to turn off any conversion.  The default setting of
+this option is site-specific, and can also be affected via the
+\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP environment variable.
+.IP
+For a list of what charset names your local iconv library supports, you can
+run "\fBiconv\ \-\-list\fP".
+.IP
+If you specify the \fB\-\-secluded-args\fP (\fB\-s\fP) option, rsync will
+translate the filenames you specify on the command-line that are being sent
+to the remote host.  See also the \fB\-\-files-from\fP option.
+.IP
+Note that rsync does not do any conversion of names in filter files
+(including include/exclude files).  It is up to you to ensure that you're
+specifying matching rules that can match on both sides of the transfer.
+For instance, you can specify extra include/exclude rules if there are
+filename differences on the two sides that need to be accounted for.
+.IP
+When you pass an \fB\-\-iconv\fP option to an rsync daemon that allows it, the
+daemon uses the charset specified in its "charset" configuration parameter
+regardless of the remote charset you actually pass.  Thus, you may feel
+free to specify just the local charset for a daemon transfer (e.g.
+\fB\-\-iconv=utf8\fP).
+.IP "\fB\-\-ipv4\fP, \fB\-4\fP or \fB\-\-ipv6\fP, \fB\-6\fP"
+Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6 when creating sockets or running ssh.  This
+affects sockets that rsync has direct control over, such as the outgoing
+socket when directly contacting an rsync daemon, as well as the forwarding
+of the \fB\-4\fP or \fB\-6\fP option to ssh when rsync can deduce that ssh is being
+used as the remote shell.  For other remote shells you'll need to specify
+the "\fB\-\-rsh\ SHELL\ \-4\fP" option directly (or whatever IPv4/IPv6 hint options
+it uses).
+.IP
+See also the daemon version of these options.
+.IP
+If rsync was compiled without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option will
+have no effect.  The \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP output will contain "\fBno\ IPv6\fP" if
+is the case.
+.IP "\fB\-\-checksum-seed=NUM\fP"
+Set the checksum seed to the integer NUM.  This 4 byte checksum seed is
+included in each block and MD4 file checksum calculation (the more modern
+MD5 file checksums don't use a seed).  By default the checksum seed is
+generated by the server and defaults to the current \fBtime\fP().  This
+option is used to set a specific checksum seed, which is useful for
+applications that want repeatable block checksums, or in the case where the
+user wants a more random checksum seed.  Setting NUM to 0 causes rsync to
+use the default of \fBtime\fP() for checksum seed.
+.P
+.SH "DAEMON OPTIONS"
+.P
+The options allowed when starting an rsync daemon are as follows:
+.P
+.IP "\fB\-\-daemon\fP"
+This tells rsync that it is to run as a daemon.  The daemon you start
+running may be accessed using an rsync client using the \fBhost::module\fP or
+\fBrsync://host/module/\fP syntax.
+.IP
+If standard input is a socket then rsync will assume that it is being run
+via inetd, otherwise it will detach from the current terminal and become a
+background daemon.  The daemon will read the config file (rsyncd.conf) on
+each connect made by a client and respond to requests accordingly.
+.IP
+See the \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5) manpage for more details.
+.IP "\fB\-\-address=ADDRESS\fP"
+By default rsync will bind to the wildcard address when run as a daemon
+with the \fB\-\-daemon\fP option.  The \fB\-\-address\fP option allows you to specify a
+specific IP address (or hostname) to bind to.  This makes virtual hosting
+possible in conjunction with the \fB\-\-config\fP option.
+.IP
+See also the address global option in the
+rsyncd.conf manpage and the client version of the \fB\-\-address\fP
+option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-bwlimit=RATE\fP"
+This option allows you to specify the maximum transfer rate for the data
+the daemon sends over the socket.  The client can still specify a smaller
+\fB\-\-bwlimit\fP value, but no larger value will be allowed.
+.IP
+See the client version of the \fB\-\-bwlimit\fP option for some
+extra details.
+.IP "\fB\-\-config=FILE\fP"
+This specifies an alternate config file than the default.  This is only
+relevant when \fB\-\-daemon\fP is specified.  The default is
+/etc/rsyncd.conf unless the daemon is running over a remote shell program
+and the remote user is not the super-user; in that case the default is
+rsyncd.conf in the current directory (typically $HOME).
+.IP "\fB\-\-dparam=OVERRIDE\fP, \fB\-M\fP"
+This option can be used to set a daemon-config parameter when starting up
+rsync in daemon mode.  It is equivalent to adding the parameter at the end
+of the global settings prior to the first module's definition.  The
+parameter names can be specified without spaces, if you so desire.  For
+instance:
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+rsync --daemon -M pidfile=/path/rsync.pid
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-no-detach\fP"
+When running as a daemon, this option instructs rsync to not detach itself
+and become a background process.  This option is required when running as a
+service on Cygwin, and may also be useful when rsync is supervised by a
+program such as \fBdaemontools\fP or AIX's \fBSystem\ Resource\ Controller\fP.
+\fB\-\-no-detach\fP is also recommended when rsync is run under a debugger.  This
+option has no effect if rsync is run from inetd or sshd.
+.IP "\fB\-\-port=PORT\fP"
+This specifies an alternate TCP port number for the daemon to listen on
+rather than the default of 873.
+.IP
+See also the client version of the \fB\-\-port\fP option and the
+port global setting in the rsyncd.conf manpage.
+.IP "\fB\-\-log-file=FILE\fP"
+This option tells the rsync daemon to use the given log-file name instead
+of using the "\fBlog\ file\fP" setting in the config file.
+.IP
+See also the client version of the \fB\-\-log-file\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-log-file-format=FORMAT\fP"
+This option tells the rsync daemon to use the given FORMAT string instead
+of using the "\fBlog\ format\fP" setting in the config file.  It also enables
+"\fBtransfer\ logging\fP" unless the string is empty, in which case transfer
+logging is turned off.
+.IP
+See also the client version of the \fB\-\-log-file-format\fP
+option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-sockopts\fP"
+This overrides the \fBsocket\ options\fP
+setting in the rsyncd.conf file and has the same syntax.
+.IP
+See also the client version of the \fB\-\-sockopts\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fP, \fB\-v\fP"
+This option increases the amount of information the daemon logs during its
+startup phase.  After the client connects, the daemon's verbosity level
+will be controlled by the options that the client used and the
+"\fBmax\ verbosity\fP" setting in the module's config section.
+.IP
+See also the client version of the \fB\-\-verbose\fP option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-ipv4\fP, \fB\-4\fP or \fB\-\-ipv6\fP, \fB\-6\fP"
+Tells rsync to prefer IPv4/IPv6 when creating the incoming sockets that the
+rsync daemon will use to listen for connections.  One of these options may
+be required in older versions of Linux to work around an IPv6 bug in the
+kernel (if you see an "address already in use" error when nothing else is
+using the port, try specifying \fB\-\-ipv6\fP or \fB\-\-ipv4\fP when starting the
+daemon).
+.IP
+See also the client version of these options.
+.IP
+If rsync was compiled without support for IPv6, the \fB\-\-ipv6\fP option will
+have no effect.  The \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP output will contain "\fBno\ IPv6\fP" if
+is the case.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fP, \fB\-h\fP"
+When specified after \fB\-\-daemon\fP, print a short help page describing the
+options available for starting an rsync daemon.
+.P
+.SH "FILTER RULES"
+.P
+The filter rules allow for custom control of several aspects of how files are
+handled:
+.P
+.IP o
+Control which files the sending side puts into the file list that describes
+the transfer hierarchy
+.IP o
+Control which files the receiving side protects from deletion when the file
+is not in the sender's file list
+.IP o
+Control which extended attribute names are skipped when copying xattrs
+.P
+The rules are either directly specified via option arguments or they can be
+read in from one or more files.  The filter-rule files can even be a part of
+the hierarchy of files being copied, affecting different parts of the tree in
+different ways.
+.P
+.SS "SIMPLE INCLUDE/EXCLUDE RULES"
+.P
+We will first cover the basics of how include & exclude rules affect what files
+are transferred, ignoring any deletion side-effects.  Filter rules mainly
+affect the contents of directories that rsync is "recursing" into, but they can
+also affect a top-level item in the transfer that was specified as a argument.
+.P
+The default for any unmatched file/dir is for it to be included in the
+transfer, which puts the file/dir into the sender's file list.  The use of an
+exclude rule causes one or more matching files/dirs to be left out of the
+sender's file list.  An include rule can be used to limit the effect of an
+exclude rule that is matching too many files.
+.P
+The order of the rules is important because the first rule that matches is the
+one that takes effect.  Thus, if an early rule excludes a file, no include rule
+that comes after it can have any effect. This means that you must place any
+include overrides somewhere prior to the exclude that it is intended to limit.
+.P
+When a directory is excluded, all its contents and sub-contents are also
+excluded.  The sender doesn't scan through any of it at all, which can save a
+lot of time when skipping large unneeded sub-trees.
+.P
+It is also important to understand that the include/exclude rules are applied
+to every file and directory that the sender is recursing into. Thus, if you
+want a particular deep file to be included, you have to make sure that none of
+the directories that must be traversed on the way down to that file are
+excluded or else the file will never be discovered to be included. As an
+example, if the directory "\fBa/path\fP" was given as a transfer argument and you
+want to ensure that the file "\fBa/path/down/deep/wanted.txt\fP" is a part of the
+transfer, then the sender must not exclude the directories "\fBa/path\fP",
+"\fBa/path/down\fP", or "\fBa/path/down/deep\fP" as it makes it way scanning through
+the file tree.
+.P
+When you are working on the rules, it can be helpful to ask rsync to tell you
+what is being excluded/included and why.  Specifying \fB\-\-debug=FILTER\fP or (when
+pulling files) \fB\-M\-\-debug=FILTER\fP turns on level 1 of the FILTER debug
+information that will output a message any time that a file or directory is
+included or excluded and which rule it matched.  Beginning in 3.2.4 it will
+also warn if a filter rule has trailing whitespace, since an exclude of "foo\ "
+(with a trailing space) will not exclude a file named "foo".
+.P
+Exclude and include rules can specify wildcard PATTERN MATCHING RULES
+(similar to shell wildcards) that allow you to match things like a file suffix
+or a portion of a filename.
+.P
+A rule can be limited to only affecting a directory by putting a trailing slash
+onto the filename.
+.P
+.SS "SIMPLE INCLUDE/EXCLUDE EXAMPLE"
+.P
+With the following file tree created on the sending side:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+mkdir x/
+touch x/file.txt
+mkdir x/y/
+touch x/y/file.txt
+touch x/y/zzz.txt
+mkdir x/z/
+touch x/z/file.txt
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Then the following rsync command will transfer the file "\fBx/y/file.txt\fP" and
+the directories needed to hold it, resulting in the path "\fB/tmp/x/y/file.txt\fP"
+existing on the remote host:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai -f'+ x/' -f'+ x/y/' -f'+ x/y/file.txt' -f'- *' x host:/tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Aside: this copy could also have been accomplished using the \fB\-R\fP
+option (though the 2 commands behave differently if deletions are enabled):
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -aiR x/y/file.txt host:/tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The following command does not need an include of the "x" directory because it
+is not a part of the transfer (note the traililng slash).  Running this command
+would copy just "\fB/tmp/x/file.txt\fP" because the "y" and "z" dirs get excluded:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai -f'+ file.txt' -f'- *' x/ host:/tmp/x/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+This command would omit the zzz.txt file while copying "x" and everything else
+it contains:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai -f'- zzz.txt' x host:/tmp/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+.SS "FILTER RULES WHEN DELETING"
+.P
+By default the include & exclude filter rules affect both the sender
+(as it creates its file list)
+and the receiver (as it creates its file lists for calculating deletions).  If
+no delete option is in effect, the receiver skips creating the delete-related
+file lists.  This two-sided default can be manually overridden so that you are
+only specifying sender rules or receiver rules, as described in the FILTER
+RULES IN DEPTH section.
+.P
+When deleting, an exclude protects a file from being removed on the receiving
+side while an include overrides that protection (putting the file at risk of
+deletion). The default is for a file to be at risk\ \-\- its safety depends on it
+matching a corresponding file from the sender.
+.P
+An example of the two-sided exclude effect can be illustrated by the copying of
+a C development directory between 2 systems.  When doing a touch-up copy, you
+might want to skip copying the built executable and the \fB.o\fP files (sender
+hide) so that the receiving side can build their own and not lose any object
+files that are already correct (receiver protect).  For instance:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -ai --del -f'- *.o' -f'- cmd' src host:/dest/
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Note that using \fB\-f'\-p\ *.o'\fP is even better than \fB\-f'\-\ *.o'\fP if there is a
+chance that the directory structure may have changed.  The "p" modifier is
+discussed in FILTER RULE MODIFIERS.
+.P
+One final note, if your shell doesn't mind unexpanded wildcards, you could
+simplify the typing of the filter options by using an underscore in place of
+the space and leaving off the quotes.  For instance, \fB\-f\ \-_*.o\ \-f\ \-_cmd\fP (and
+similar) could be used instead of the filter options above.
+.P
+.SS "FILTER RULES IN DEPTH"
+.P
+Rsync supports old-style include/exclude rules and new-style filter rules.  The
+older rules are specified using \fB\-\-include\fP and \fB\-\-exclude\fP as
+well as the \fB\-\-include-from\fP and \fB\-\-exclude-from\fP. These are
+limited in behavior but they don't require a "\-" or "+" prefix.  An old-style
+exclude rule is turned into a "\fB\-\ name\fP" filter rule (with no modifiers) and an
+old-style include rule is turned into a "\fB+\ name\fP" filter rule (with no
+modifiers).
+.P
+Rsync builds an ordered list of filter rules as specified on the command-line
+and/or read-in from files.  New style filter rules have the following syntax:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+RULE [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]
+RULE,MODIFIERS [PATTERN_OR_FILENAME]
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+You have your choice of using either short or long RULE names, as described
+below.  If you use a short-named rule, the ',' separating the RULE from the
+MODIFIERS is optional.  The PATTERN or FILENAME that follows (when present)
+must come after either a single space or an underscore (_). Any additional
+spaces and/or underscores are considered to be a part of the pattern name.
+Here are the available rule prefixes:
+.P
+.IP "\fBexclude,\ '\-'\fP"
+specifies an exclude pattern that (by default) is both a
+\fBhide\fP and a \fBprotect\fP.
+.IP "\fBinclude,\ '+'\fP"
+specifies an include pattern that (by default) is both a
+\fBshow\fP and a \fBrisk\fP.
+.IP "\fBmerge,\ '.'\fP"
+specifies a merge-file on the client side to read for more
+rules.
+.IP "\fBdir-merge,\ ':'\fP"
+specifies a per-directory merge-file.  Using this kind of
+filter rule requires that you trust the sending side's filter checking, so
+it has the side-effect mentioned under the \fB\-\-trust-sender\fP option.
+.IP "\fBhide,\ 'H'\fP"
+specifies a pattern for hiding files from the transfer.
+Equivalent to a sender-only exclude, so \fB\-f'H\ foo'\fP could also be specified
+as \fB\-f'\-s\ foo'\fP.
+.IP "\fBshow,\ 'S'\fP"
+files that match the pattern are not hidden. Equivalent to a
+sender-only include, so \fB\-f'S\ foo'\fP could also be specified as \fB\-f'+s\ foo'\fP.
+.IP "\fBprotect,\ 'P'\fP"
+specifies a pattern for protecting files from deletion.
+Equivalent to a receiver-only exclude, so \fB\-f'P\ foo'\fP could also be
+specified as \fB\-f'\-r\ foo'\fP.
+.IP "\fBrisk,\ 'R'\fP"
+files that match the pattern are not protected. Equivalent to a
+receiver-only include, so \fB\-f'R\ foo'\fP could also be specified as \fB\-f'+r\ foo'\fP.
+.IP "\fBclear,\ '!'\fP"
+clears the current include/exclude list (takes no arg)
+.P
+When rules are being read from a file (using merge or dir-merge), empty lines
+are ignored, as are whole-line comments that start with a '\fB#\fP' (filename rules
+that contain a hash character are unaffected).
+.P
+Note also that the \fB\-\-filter\fP, \fB\-\-include\fP, and
+\fB\-\-exclude\fP options take one rule/pattern each.  To add multiple ones,
+you can repeat the options on the command-line, use the merge-file syntax of
+the \fB\-\-filter\fP option, or the \fB\-\-include-from\fP /
+\fB\-\-exclude-from\fP options.
+.P
+.SS "PATTERN MATCHING RULES"
+.P
+Most of the rules mentioned above take an argument that specifies what the rule
+should match.  If rsync is recursing through a directory hierarchy, keep in
+mind that each pattern is matched against the name of every directory in the
+descent path as rsync finds the filenames to send.
+.P
+The matching rules for the pattern argument take several forms:
+.P
+.IP o
+If a pattern contains a \fB/\fP (not counting a trailing slash) or a "\fB**\fP"
+(which can match a slash), then the pattern is matched against the full
+pathname, including any leading directories within the transfer.  If the
+pattern doesn't contain a (non-trailing) \fB/\fP or a "\fB**\fP", then it is matched
+only against the final component of the filename or pathname. For example,
+\fBfoo\fP means that the final path component must be "foo" while \fBfoo/bar\fP would
+match the last 2 elements of the path (as long as both elements are within
+the transfer).
+.IP o
+A pattern that ends with a \fB/\fP only matches a directory, not a regular file,
+symlink, or device.
+.IP o
+A pattern that starts with a \fB/\fP is anchored to the start of the transfer
+path instead of the end.  For example, \fB/foo/**\fP or \fB/foo/bar/**\fP match only
+leading elements in the path.  If the rule is read from a per-directory
+filter file, the transfer path being matched will begin at the level of the
+filter file instead of the top of the transfer.  See the section on
+ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS for a full discussion of how to
+specify a pattern that matches at the root of the transfer.
+.P
+Rsync chooses between doing a simple string match and wildcard matching by
+checking if the pattern contains one of these three wildcard characters: '\fB*\fP',
+\&'\fB?\fP', and '\fB[\fP' :
+.P
+.IP o
+a '\fB?\fP' matches any single character except a slash (\fB/\fP).
+.IP o
+a '\fB*\fP' matches zero or more non-slash characters.
+.IP o
+a '\fB**\fP' matches zero or more characters, including slashes.
+.IP o
+a '\fB[\fP' introduces a character class, such as \fB[a-z]\fP or \fB[[:alpha:]]\fP, that
+must match one character.
+.IP o
+a trailing \fB***\fP in the pattern is a shorthand that allows you to match a
+directory and all its contents using a single rule.  For example, specifying
+"\fBdir_name/***\fP" will match both the "dir_name" directory (as if "\fBdir_name/\fP"
+had been specified) and everything in the directory (as if "\fBdir_name/**\fP"
+had been specified).
+.IP o
+a backslash can be used to escape a wildcard character, but it is only
+interpreted as an escape character if at least one wildcard character is
+present in the match pattern. For instance, the pattern "\fBfoo\\bar\fP" matches
+that single backslash literally, while the pattern "\fBfoo\\bar*\fP" would need to
+be changed to "\fBfoo\\\\bar*\fP" to avoid the "\fB\\b\fP" becoming just "b".
+.P
+Here are some examples of exclude/include matching:
+.P
+.IP o
+Option \fB\-f'\-\ *.o'\fP would exclude all filenames ending with \fB.o\fP
+.IP o
+Option \fB\-f'\-\ /foo'\fP would exclude a file (or directory) named foo in the
+transfer-root directory
+.IP o
+Option \fB\-f'\-\ foo/'\fP would exclude any directory named foo
+.IP o
+Option \fB\-f'\-\ foo/*/bar'\fP would exclude any file/dir named bar which is at two
+levels below a directory named foo (if foo is in the transfer)
+.IP o
+Option \fB\-f'\-\ /foo/**/bar'\fP would exclude any file/dir named bar that was two
+or more levels below a top-level directory named foo (note that /foo/bar is
+\fBnot\fP excluded by this)
+.IP o
+Options \fB\-f'+\ */'\ \-f'+\ *.c'\ \-f'\-\ *'\fP would include all directories and .c
+source files but nothing else
+.IP o
+Options \fB\-f'+\ foo/'\ \-f'+\ foo/bar.c'\ \-f'\-\ *'\fP would include only the foo
+directory and foo/bar.c (the foo directory must be explicitly included or it
+would be excluded by the "\fB\-\ *\fP")
+.P
+.SS "FILTER RULE MODIFIERS"
+.P
+The following modifiers are accepted after an include (+) or exclude (\-) rule:
+.P
+.IP o
+A \fB/\fP specifies that the include/exclude rule should be matched against the
+absolute pathname of the current item.  For example, \fB\-f'\-/\ /etc/passwd'\fP
+would exclude the passwd file any time the transfer was sending files from
+the "/etc" directory, and "\-/ subdir/foo" would always exclude "foo" when it
+is in a dir named "subdir", even if "foo" is at the root of the current
+transfer.
+.IP o
+A \fB!\fP specifies that the include/exclude should take effect if the pattern
+fails to match.  For instance, \fB\-f'\-!\ */'\fP would exclude all non-directories.
+.IP o
+A \fBC\fP is used to indicate that all the global CVS-exclude rules should be
+inserted as excludes in place of the "\-C".  No arg should follow.
+.IP o
+An \fBs\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the sending side.  When a
+rule affects the sending side, it affects what files are put into the
+sender's file list.  The default is for a rule to affect both sides unless
+\fB\-\-delete-excluded\fP was specified, in which case default rules become
+sender-side only.  See also the hide (H) and show (S) rules, which are an
+alternate way to specify sending-side includes/excludes.
+.IP o
+An \fBr\fP is used to indicate that the rule applies to the receiving side.  When
+a rule affects the receiving side, it prevents files from being deleted.  See
+the \fBs\fP modifier for more info.  See also the protect (P) and risk (R) rules,
+which are an alternate way to specify receiver-side includes/excludes.
+.IP o
+A \fBp\fP indicates that a rule is perishable, meaning that it is ignored in
+directories that are being deleted.  For instance, the
+\fB\-\-cvs-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option's default rules that exclude things
+like "CVS" and "\fB*.o\fP" are marked as perishable, and will not prevent a
+directory that was removed on the source from being deleted on the
+destination.
+.IP o
+An \fBx\fP indicates that a rule affects xattr names in xattr copy/delete
+operations (and is thus ignored when matching file/dir names).  If no
+xattr-matching rules are specified, a default xattr filtering rule is used
+(see the \fB\-\-xattrs\fP option).
+.P
+.SS "MERGE-FILE FILTER RULES"
+.P
+You can merge whole files into your filter rules by specifying either a merge
+(.) or a dir-merge (:) filter rule (as introduced in the FILTER RULES
+section above).
+.P
+There are two kinds of merged files\ \-\- single-instance ('.') and per-directory
+(':').  A single-instance merge file is read one time, and its rules are
+incorporated into the filter list in the place of the "." rule.  For
+per-directory merge files, rsync will scan every directory that it traverses
+for the named file, merging its contents when the file exists into the current
+list of inherited rules.  These per-directory rule files must be created on the
+sending side because it is the sending side that is being scanned for the
+available files to transfer.  These rule files may also need to be transferred
+to the receiving side if you want them to affect what files don't get deleted
+(see PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE below).
+.P
+Some examples:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+merge /etc/rsync/default.rules
+\&. /etc/rsync/default.rules
+dir-merge .per-dir-filter
+dir-merge,n- .non-inherited-per-dir-excludes
+:n- .non-inherited-per-dir-excludes
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The following modifiers are accepted after a merge or dir-merge rule:
+.P
+.IP o
+A \fB\-\fP specifies that the file should consist of only exclude patterns, with
+no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
+.IP o
+A \fB+\fP specifies that the file should consist of only include patterns, with
+no other rule-parsing except for in-file comments.
+.IP o
+A \fBC\fP is a way to specify that the file should be read in a CVS-compatible
+manner.  This turns on 'n', 'w', and '\-', but also allows the list-clearing
+token (!) to be specified.  If no filename is provided, ".cvsignore" is
+assumed.
+.IP o
+A \fBe\fP will exclude the merge-file name from the transfer; e.g.  "dir-merge,e
+\&.rules" is like "dir-merge .rules" and "\- .rules".
+.IP o
+An \fBn\fP specifies that the rules are not inherited by subdirectories.
+.IP o
+A \fBw\fP specifies that the rules are word-split on whitespace instead of the
+normal line-splitting.  This also turns off comments.  Note: the space that
+separates the prefix from the rule is treated specially, so "\- foo + bar" is
+parsed as two rules (assuming that prefix-parsing wasn't also disabled).
+.IP o
+You may also specify any of the modifiers for the "+" or "\-" rules (above) in
+order to have the rules that are read in from the file default to having that
+modifier set (except for the \fB!\fP modifier, which would not be useful).  For
+instance, "merge,\-/ .excl" would treat the contents of .excl as absolute-path
+excludes, while "dir-merge,s .filt" and ":sC" would each make all their
+per-directory rules apply only on the sending side.  If the merge rule
+specifies sides to affect (via the \fBs\fP or \fBr\fP modifier or both), then the
+rules in the file must not specify sides (via a modifier or a rule prefix
+such as \fBhide\fP).
+.P
+Per-directory rules are inherited in all subdirectories of the directory where
+the merge-file was found unless the 'n' modifier was used.  Each subdirectory's
+rules are prefixed to the inherited per-directory rules from its parents, which
+gives the newest rules a higher priority than the inherited rules.  The entire
+set of dir-merge rules are grouped together in the spot where the merge-file
+was specified, so it is possible to override dir-merge rules via a rule that
+got specified earlier in the list of global rules.  When the list-clearing rule
+("!") is read from a per-directory file, it only clears the inherited rules for
+the current merge file.
+.P
+Another way to prevent a single rule from a dir-merge file from being inherited
+is to anchor it with a leading slash.  Anchored rules in a per-directory
+merge-file are relative to the merge-file's directory, so a pattern "/foo"
+would only match the file "foo" in the directory where the dir-merge filter
+file was found.
+.P
+Here's an example filter file which you'd specify via \fB\-\-filter=".\ file":\fP
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+merge /home/user/.global-filter
+- *.gz
+dir-merge .rules
++ *.[ch]
+- *.o
+- foo*
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+This will merge the contents of the /home/user/.global-filter file at the start
+of the list and also turns the ".rules" filename into a per-directory filter
+file.  All rules read in prior to the start of the directory scan follow the
+global anchoring rules (i.e. a leading slash matches at the root of the
+transfer).
+.P
+If a per-directory merge-file is specified with a path that is a parent
+directory of the first transfer directory, rsync will scan all the parent dirs
+from that starting point to the transfer directory for the indicated
+per-directory file.  For instance, here is a common filter (see \fB\-F\fP):
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+--filter=': /.rsync-filter'
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+That rule tells rsync to scan for the file .rsync-filter in all directories
+from the root down through the parent directory of the transfer prior to the
+start of the normal directory scan of the file in the directories that are sent
+as a part of the transfer. (Note: for an rsync daemon, the root is always the
+same as the module's "path".)
+.P
+Some examples of this pre-scanning for per-directory files:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -avF /src/path/ /dest/dir
+rsync -av --filter=': ../../.rsync-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir
+rsync -av --filter=': .rsync-filter' /src/path/ /dest/dir
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The first two commands above will look for ".rsync-filter" in "/" and "/src"
+before the normal scan begins looking for the file in "/src/path" and its
+subdirectories.  The last command avoids the parent-dir scan and only looks for
+the ".rsync-filter" files in each directory that is a part of the transfer.
+.P
+If you want to include the contents of a ".cvsignore" in your patterns, you
+should use the rule ":C", which creates a dir-merge of the .cvsignore file, but
+parsed in a CVS-compatible manner.  You can use this to affect where the
+\fB\-\-cvs-exclude\fP (\fB\-C\fP) option's inclusion of the per-directory
+\&.cvsignore file gets placed into your rules by putting the ":C" wherever you
+like in your filter rules.  Without this, rsync would add the dir-merge rule
+for the .cvsignore file at the end of all your other rules (giving it a lower
+priority than your command-line rules).  For example:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+cat <<EOT | rsync -avC --filter='. -' a/ b
++ foo.o
+:C
+- *.old
+EOT
+rsync -avC --include=foo.o -f :C --exclude='*.old' a/ b
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Both of the above rsync commands are identical.  Each one will merge all the
+per-directory .cvsignore rules in the middle of the list rather than at the
+end.  This allows their dir-specific rules to supersede the rules that follow
+the :C instead of being subservient to all your rules.  To affect the other CVS
+exclude rules (i.e. the default list of exclusions, the contents of
+$HOME/.cvsignore, and the value of $CVSIGNORE) you should omit the \fB\-C\fP
+command-line option and instead insert a "\-C" rule into your filter rules; e.g.
+"\fB\-\-filter=\-C\fP".
+.P
+.SS "LIST-CLEARING FILTER RULE"
+.P
+You can clear the current include/exclude list by using the "!" filter rule (as
+introduced in the FILTER RULES section above).  The "current" list is either
+the global list of rules (if the rule is encountered while parsing the filter
+options) or a set of per-directory rules (which are inherited in their own
+sub-list, so a subdirectory can use this to clear out the parent's rules).
+.P
+.SS "ANCHORING INCLUDE/EXCLUDE PATTERNS"
+.P
+As mentioned earlier, global include/exclude patterns are anchored at the "root
+of the transfer" (as opposed to per-directory patterns, which are anchored at
+the merge-file's directory).  If you think of the transfer as a subtree of
+names that are being sent from sender to receiver, the transfer-root is where
+the tree starts to be duplicated in the destination directory.  This root
+governs where patterns that start with a / match.
+.P
+Because the matching is relative to the transfer-root, changing the trailing
+slash on a source path or changing your use of the \fB\-\-relative\fP option
+affects the path you need to use in your matching (in addition to changing how
+much of the file tree is duplicated on the destination host).  The following
+examples demonstrate this.
+.P
+Let's say that we want to match two source files, one with an absolute
+path of "/home/me/foo/bar", and one with a path of "/home/you/bar/baz".
+Here is how the various command choices differ for a 2-source transfer:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+Example cmd: rsync -a /home/me /home/you /dest
++/- pattern: /me/foo/bar
++/- pattern: /you/bar/baz
+Target file: /dest/me/foo/bar
+Target file: /dest/you/bar/baz
+.fi
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+Example cmd: rsync -a /home/me/ /home/you/ /dest
++/- pattern: /foo/bar               (note missing "me")
++/- pattern: /bar/baz               (note missing "you")
+Target file: /dest/foo/bar
+Target file: /dest/bar/baz
+.fi
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+Example cmd: rsync -a --relative /home/me/ /home/you /dest
++/- pattern: /home/me/foo/bar       (note full path)
++/- pattern: /home/you/bar/baz      (ditto)
+Target file: /dest/home/me/foo/bar
+Target file: /dest/home/you/bar/baz
+.fi
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+Example cmd: cd /home; rsync -a --relative me/foo you/ /dest
++/- pattern: /me/foo/bar      (starts at specified path)
++/- pattern: /you/bar/baz     (ditto)
+Target file: /dest/me/foo/bar
+Target file: /dest/you/bar/baz
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The easiest way to see what name you should filter is to just look at the
+output when using \fB\-\-verbose\fP and put a / in front of the name (use the
+\fB\-\-dry-run\fP option if you're not yet ready to copy any files).
+.P
+.SS "PER-DIRECTORY RULES AND DELETE"
+.P
+Without a delete option, per-directory rules are only relevant on the sending
+side, so you can feel free to exclude the merge files themselves without
+affecting the transfer.  To make this easy, the 'e' modifier adds this exclude
+for you, as seen in these two equivalent commands:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av --filter=': .excl' --exclude=.excl host:src/dir /dest
+rsync -av --filter=':e .excl' host:src/dir /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+However, if you want to do a delete on the receiving side AND you want some
+files to be excluded from being deleted, you'll need to be sure that the
+receiving side knows what files to exclude.  The easiest way is to include the
+per-directory merge files in the transfer and use \fB\-\-delete-after\fP,
+because this ensures that the receiving side gets all the same exclude rules as
+the sending side before it tries to delete anything:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -avF --delete-after host:src/dir /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+However, if the merge files are not a part of the transfer, you'll need to
+either specify some global exclude rules (i.e. specified on the command line),
+or you'll need to maintain your own per-directory merge files on the receiving
+side.  An example of the first is this (assume that the remote .rules files
+exclude themselves):
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av --filter=': .rules' --filter='. /my/extra.rules'
+   --delete host:src/dir /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+In the above example the extra.rules file can affect both sides of the
+transfer, but (on the sending side) the rules are subservient to the rules
+merged from the .rules files because they were specified after the
+per-directory merge rule.
+.P
+In one final example, the remote side is excluding the .rsync-filter files from
+the transfer, but we want to use our own .rsync-filter files to control what
+gets deleted on the receiving side.  To do this we must specifically exclude
+the per-directory merge files (so that they don't get deleted) and then put
+rules into the local files to control what else should not get deleted.  Like
+one of these commands:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+rsync -av --filter=':e /.rsync-filter' --delete \\
+    host:src/dir /dest
+rsync -avFF --delete host:src/dir /dest
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+.SH "TRANSFER RULES"
+.P
+In addition to the FILTER RULES that affect the recursive file scans that
+generate the file list on the sending and (when deleting) receiving sides,
+there are transfer rules. These rules affect which files the generator decides
+need to be transferred without the side effects of an exclude filter rule.
+Transfer rules affect only files and never directories.
+.P
+Because a transfer rule does not affect what goes into the sender's (and
+receiver's) file list, it cannot have any effect on which files get deleted on
+the receiving side.  For example, if the file "foo" is present in the sender's
+list but its size is such that it is omitted due to a transfer rule, the
+receiving side does not request the file.  However, its presence in the file
+list means that a delete pass will not remove a matching file named "foo" on
+the receiving side.  On the other hand, a server-side exclude (hide) of the
+file "foo" leaves the file out of the server's file list, and absent a
+receiver-side exclude (protect) the receiver will remove a matching file named
+"foo" if deletions are requested.
+.P
+Given that the files are still in the sender's file list, the
+\fB\-\-prune-empty-dirs\fP option will not judge a directory as being empty
+even if it contains only files that the transfer rules omitted.
+.P
+Similarly, a transfer rule does not have any extra effect on which files are
+deleted on the receiving side, so setting a maximum file size for the transfer
+does not prevent big files from being deleted.
+.P
+Examples of transfer rules include the default "quick check" algorithm (which
+compares size & modify time), the \fB\-\-update\fP option, the
+\fB\-\-max-size\fP option, the \fB\-\-ignore-non-existing\fP option, and a
+few others.
+.P
+.SH "BATCH MODE"
+.P
+Batch mode can be used to apply the same set of updates to many identical
+systems.  Suppose one has a tree which is replicated on a number of hosts.  Now
+suppose some changes have been made to this source tree and those changes need
+to be propagated to the other hosts.  In order to do this using batch mode,
+rsync is run with the write-batch option to apply the changes made to the
+source tree to one of the destination trees.  The write-batch option causes the
+rsync client to store in a "batch file" all the information needed to repeat
+this operation against other, identical destination trees.
+.P
+Generating the batch file once saves having to perform the file status,
+checksum, and data block generation more than once when updating multiple
+destination trees.  Multicast transport protocols can be used to transfer the
+batch update files in parallel to many hosts at once, instead of sending the
+same data to every host individually.
+.P
+To apply the recorded changes to another destination tree, run rsync with the
+read-batch option, specifying the name of the same batch file, and the
+destination tree.  Rsync updates the destination tree using the information
+stored in the batch file.
+.P
+For your convenience, a script file is also created when the write-batch option
+is used: it will be named the same as the batch file with ".sh" appended.  This
+script file contains a command-line suitable for updating a destination tree
+using the associated batch file.  It can be executed using a Bourne (or
+Bourne-like) shell, optionally passing in an alternate destination tree
+pathname which is then used instead of the original destination path.  This is
+useful when the destination tree path on the current host differs from the one
+used to create the batch file.
+.P
+Examples:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+$ rsync --write-batch=foo -a host:/source/dir/ /adest/dir/
+$ scp foo* remote:
+$ ssh remote ./foo.sh /bdest/dir/
+.fi
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+$ rsync --write-batch=foo -a /source/dir/ /adest/dir/
+$ ssh remote rsync --read-batch=- -a /bdest/dir/ <foo
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+In these examples, rsync is used to update /adest/dir/ from /source/dir/ and
+the information to repeat this operation is stored in "foo" and "foo.sh".  The
+host "remote" is then updated with the batched data going into the directory
+/bdest/dir.  The differences between the two examples reveals some of the
+flexibility you have in how you deal with batches:
+.P
+.IP o
+The first example shows that the initial copy doesn't have to be local\ \-\- you
+can push or pull data to/from a remote host using either the remote-shell
+syntax or rsync daemon syntax, as desired.
+.IP o
+The first example uses the created "foo.sh" file to get the right rsync
+options when running the read-batch command on the remote host.
+.IP o
+The second example reads the batch data via standard input so that the batch
+file doesn't need to be copied to the remote machine first.  This example
+avoids the foo.sh script because it needed to use a modified
+\fB\-\-read-batch\fP option, but you could edit the script file if you
+wished to make use of it (just be sure that no other option is trying to use
+standard input, such as the \fB\-\-exclude-from=\-\fP option).
+.P
+Caveats:
+.P
+The read-batch option expects the destination tree that it is updating to be
+identical to the destination tree that was used to create the batch update
+fileset.  When a difference between the destination trees is encountered the
+update might be discarded with a warning (if the file appears to be up-to-date
+already) or the file-update may be attempted and then, if the file fails to
+verify, the update discarded with an error.  This means that it should be safe
+to re-run a read-batch operation if the command got interrupted.  If you wish
+to force the batched-update to always be attempted regardless of the file's
+size and date, use the \fB\-I\fP option (when reading the batch).  If an
+error occurs, the destination tree will probably be in a partially updated
+state.  In that case, rsync can be used in its regular (non-batch) mode of
+operation to fix up the destination tree.
+.P
+The rsync version used on all destinations must be at least as new as the one
+used to generate the batch file.  Rsync will die with an error if the protocol
+version in the batch file is too new for the batch-reading rsync to handle.
+See also the \fB\-\-protocol\fP option for a way to have the creating rsync
+generate a batch file that an older rsync can understand.  (Note that batch
+files changed format in version 2.6.3, so mixing versions older than that with
+newer versions will not work.)
+.P
+When reading a batch file, rsync will force the value of certain options to
+match the data in the batch file if you didn't set them to the same as the
+batch-writing command.  Other options can (and should) be changed.  For
+instance \fB\-\-write-batch\fP changes to \fB\-\-read-batch\fP,
+\fB\-\-files-from\fP is dropped, and the \fB\-\-filter\fP /
+\fB\-\-include\fP / \fB\-\-exclude\fP options are not needed unless one of
+the \fB\-\-delete\fP options is specified.
+.P
+The code that creates the BATCH.sh file transforms any filter/include/exclude
+options into a single list that is appended as a "here" document to the shell
+script file.  An advanced user can use this to modify the exclude list if a
+change in what gets deleted by \fB\-\-delete\fP is desired.  A normal user
+can ignore this detail and just use the shell script as an easy way to run the
+appropriate \fB\-\-read-batch\fP command for the batched data.
+.P
+The original batch mode in rsync was based on "rsync+", but the latest
+version uses a new implementation.
+.P
+.SH "SYMBOLIC LINKS"
+.P
+Three basic behaviors are possible when rsync encounters a symbolic
+link in the source directory.
+.P
+By default, symbolic links are not transferred at all.  A message "skipping
+non-regular" file is emitted for any symlinks that exist.
+.P
+If \fB\-\-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are added to the transfer
+(instead of being noisily ignored), and the default handling is to recreate
+them with the same target on the destination.  Note that \fB\-\-archive\fP
+implies \fB\-\-links\fP.
+.P
+If \fB\-\-copy-links\fP is specified, then symlinks are "collapsed" by
+copying their referent, rather than the symlink.
+.P
+Rsync can also distinguish "safe" and "unsafe" symbolic links.  An example
+where this might be used is a web site mirror that wishes to ensure that the
+rsync module that is copied does not include symbolic links to \fB/etc/passwd\fP in
+the public section of the site.  Using \fB\-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP will cause
+any links to be copied as the file they point to on the destination.  Using
+\fB\-\-safe-links\fP will cause unsafe links to be omitted by the receiver.
+(Note that you must specify or imply \fB\-\-links\fP for
+\fB\-\-safe-links\fP to have any effect.)
+.P
+Symbolic links are considered unsafe if they are absolute symlinks (start with
+\fB/\fP), empty, or if they contain enough ".." components to ascend from the top
+of the transfer.
+.P
+Here's a summary of how the symlink options are interpreted.  The list is in
+order of precedence, so if your combination of options isn't mentioned, use the
+first line that is a complete subset of your options:
+.P
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-links\fP"
+Turn all symlinks into normal files and directories
+(leaving no symlinks in the transfer for any other options to affect).
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-dirlinks\fP"
+Turn just symlinks to directories into real
+directories, leaving all other symlinks to be handled as described below.
+.IP "\fB\-\-links\ \-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP"
+Turn all unsafe symlinks
+into files and create all safe symlinks.
+.IP "\fB\-\-copy-unsafe-links\fP"
+Turn all unsafe symlinks into files, noisily
+skip all safe symlinks.
+.IP "\fB\-\-links\ \-\-safe-links\fP"
+The receiver skips creating
+unsafe symlinks found in the transfer and creates the safe ones.
+.IP "\fB\-\-links\fP"
+Create all symlinks.
+.P
+For the effect of \fB\-\-munge-links\fP, see the discussion in that option's
+section.
+.P
+Note that the \fB\-\-keep-dirlinks\fP option does not effect symlinks in the
+transfer but instead affects how rsync treats a symlink to a directory that
+already exists on the receiving side.  See that option's section for a warning.
+.P
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.P
+Rsync occasionally produces error messages that may seem a little cryptic.  The
+one that seems to cause the most confusion is "protocol version mismatch\ \-\- is
+your shell clean?".
+.P
+This message is usually caused by your startup scripts or remote shell facility
+producing unwanted garbage on the stream that rsync is using for its transport.
+The way to diagnose this problem is to run your remote shell like this:
+.RS 4
+.P
+.nf
+ssh remotehost /bin/true > out.dat
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+then look at out.dat.  If everything is working correctly then out.dat should
+be a zero length file.  If you are getting the above error from rsync then you
+will probably find that out.dat contains some text or data.  Look at the
+contents and try to work out what is producing it.  The most common cause is
+incorrectly configured shell startup scripts (such as .cshrc or .profile) that
+contain output statements for non-interactive logins.
+.P
+If you are having trouble debugging filter patterns, then try specifying the
+\fB\-vv\fP option.  At this level of verbosity rsync will show why each individual
+file is included or excluded.
+.P
+.SH "EXIT VALUES"
+.P
+.IP o
+\fB0\fP \- Success
+.IP o
+\fB1\fP \- Syntax or usage error
+.IP o
+\fB2\fP \- Protocol incompatibility
+.IP o
+\fB3\fP \- Errors selecting input/output files, dirs
+.IP o
+.P
+.RS
+.IP o
+\fB4\fP \- Requested action not supported. Either:
+
+an attempt was made to manipulate 64-bit files on a platform that cannot support them
+.IP o
+an option was specified that is supported by the client and not by the server
+.RE
+.IP o
+\fB5\fP \- Error starting client-server protocol
+.IP o
+\fB6\fP \- Daemon unable to append to log-file
+.IP o
+\fB10\fP \- Error in socket I/O
+.IP o
+\fB11\fP \- Error in file I/O
+.IP o
+\fB12\fP \- Error in rsync protocol data stream
+.IP o
+\fB13\fP \- Errors with program diagnostics
+.IP o
+\fB14\fP \- Error in IPC code
+.IP o
+\fB20\fP \- Received SIGUSR1 or SIGINT
+.IP o
+\fB21\fP \- Some error returned by \fBwaitpid()\fP
+.IP o
+\fB22\fP \- Error allocating core memory buffers
+.IP o
+\fB23\fP \- Partial transfer due to error
+.IP o
+\fB24\fP \- Partial transfer due to vanished source files
+.IP o
+\fB25\fP \- The \-\-max-delete limit stopped deletions
+.IP o
+\fB30\fP \- Timeout in data send/receive
+.IP o
+\fB35\fP \- Timeout waiting for daemon connection
+.P
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+.P
+.IP "\fBCVSIGNORE\fP"
+The CVSIGNORE environment variable supplements any ignore patterns in
+\&.cvsignore files.  See the \fB\-\-cvs-exclude\fP option for more details.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_ICONV\fP"
+Specify a default \fB\-\-iconv\fP setting using this environment
+variable. First supported in 3.0.0.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_OLD_ARGS\fP"
+Specify a "1" if you want the \fB\-\-old-args\fP option to be enabled by
+default, a "2" (or more) if you want it to be enabled in the
+repeated-option state, or a "0" to make sure that it is disabled by
+default. When this environment variable is set to a non-zero value, it
+supersedes the \fBRSYNC_PROTECT_ARGS\fP variable.
+.IP
+This variable is ignored if \fB\-\-old-args\fP, \fB\-\-no-old-args\fP, or
+\fB\-\-secluded-args\fP is specified on the command line.
+.IP
+First supported in 3.2.4.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_PROTECT_ARGS\fP"
+Specify a non-zero numeric value if you want the \fB\-\-secluded-args\fP
+option to be enabled by default, or a zero value to make sure that it is
+disabled by default.
+.IP
+This variable is ignored if \fB\-\-secluded-args\fP, \fB\-\-no-secluded-args\fP,
+or \fB\-\-old-args\fP is specified on the command line.
+.IP
+First supported in 3.1.0.  Starting in 3.2.4, this variable is ignored if
+\fBRSYNC_OLD_ARGS\fP is set to a non-zero value.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_RSH\fP"
+This environment variable allows you to override the default shell used as
+the transport for rsync.  Command line options are permitted after the
+command name, just as in the \fB\-\-rsh\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_PROXY\fP"
+This environment variable allows you to redirect your rsync
+client to use a web proxy when connecting to an rsync daemon.  You should
+set \fBRSYNC_PROXY\fP to a hostname:port pair.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_PASSWORD\fP"
+This environment variable allows you to set the password for an rsync
+\fBdaemon\fP connection, which avoids the password prompt.  Note that this
+does \fBnot\fP supply a password to a remote shell transport such as ssh
+(consult its documentation for how to do that).
+.IP "\fBUSER\fP or \fBLOGNAME\fP"
+The USER or LOGNAME environment variables are used to determine the default
+username sent to an rsync daemon.  If neither is set, the username defaults
+to "nobody".  If both are set, \fBUSER\fP takes precedence.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_PARTIAL_DIR\fP"
+This environment variable specifies the directory to use for a
+\fB\-\-partial\fP transfer without implying that partial transfers be
+enabled.  See the \fB\-\-partial-dir\fP option for full details.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_COMPRESS_LIST\fP"
+This environment variable allows you to customize the negotiation of the
+compression algorithm by specifying an alternate order or a reduced list of
+names.  Use the command \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP to see the available compression
+names.  See the \fB\-\-compress\fP option for full details.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_CHECKSUM_LIST\fP"
+This environment variable allows you to customize the negotiation of the
+checksum algorithm by specifying an alternate order or a reduced list of
+names.  Use the command \fBrsync\ \-\-version\fP to see the available checksum
+names.  See the \fB\-\-checksum-choice\fP option for full details.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_MAX_ALLOC\fP"
+This environment variable sets an allocation maximum as if you had used the
+\fB\-\-max-alloc\fP option.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_PORT\fP"
+This environment variable is not read by rsync, but is instead set in
+its sub-environment when rsync is running the remote shell in combination
+with a daemon connection.  This allows a script such as
+\fBrsync-ssl\fP to be able to know the port number that the user
+specified on the command line.
+.IP "\fBHOME\fP"
+This environment variable is used to find the user's default .cvsignore
+file.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_CONNECT_PROG\fP"
+This environment variable is mainly used in debug setups to set the program
+to use when making a daemon connection.  See CONNECTING TO AN RSYNC
+DAEMON for full details.
+.IP "\fBRSYNC_SHELL\fP"
+This environment variable is mainly used in debug setups to set the program
+to use to run the program specified by \fBRSYNC_CONNECT_PROG\fP.  See
+CONNECTING TO AN RSYNC DAEMON for full details.
+.P
+.SH "FILES"
+.P
+/etc/rsyncd.conf or rsyncd.conf
+.P
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.P
+\fBrsync-ssl\fP(1), \fBrsyncd.conf\fP(5), \fBrrsync\fP(1)
+.P
+.SH "BUGS"
+.P
+.IP o
+Times are transferred as *nix time_t values.
+.IP o
+When transferring to FAT filesystems rsync may re-sync unmodified files.  See
+the comments on the \fB\-\-modify-window\fP option.
+.IP o
+File permissions, devices, etc. are transferred as native numerical values.
+.IP o
+See also the comments on the \fB\-\-delete\fP option.
+.P
+Please report bugs! See the web site at https://rsync.samba.org/.
+.P
+.SH "VERSION"
+.P
+This manpage is current for version 3.2.7 of rsync.
+.P
+.SH "INTERNAL OPTIONS"
+.P
+The options \fB\-\-server\fP and \fB\-\-sender\fP are used internally by rsync, and should
+never be typed by a user under normal circumstances.  Some awareness of these
+options may be needed in certain scenarios, such as when setting up a login
+that can only run an rsync command.  For instance, the support directory of the
+rsync distribution has an example script named rrsync (for restricted rsync)
+that can be used with a restricted ssh login.
+.P
+.SH "CREDITS"
+.P
+Rsync is distributed under the GNU General Public License.  See the file
+COPYING for details.
+.P
+An rsync web site is available at https://rsync.samba.org/.  The site
+includes an FAQ-O-Matic which may cover questions unanswered by this manual
+page.
+.P
+The rsync github project is https://github.com/WayneD/rsync.
+.P
+We would be delighted to hear from you if you like this program.  Please
+contact the mailing-list at rsync@lists.samba.org.
+.P
+This program uses the excellent zlib compression library written by Jean-loup
+Gailly and Mark Adler.
+.P
+.SH "THANKS"
+.P
+Special thanks go out to: John Van Essen, Matt McCutchen, Wesley W. Terpstra,
+David Dykstra, Jos Backus, Sebastian Krahmer, Martin Pool, and our
+gone-but-not-forgotten compadre, J.W. Schultz.
+.P
+Thanks also to Richard Brent, Brendan Mackay, Bill Waite, Stephen Rothwell and
+David Bell.  I've probably missed some people, my apologies if I have.
+.P
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.P
+Rsync was originally written by Andrew Tridgell and Paul Mackerras.  Many
+people have later contributed to it. It is currently maintained by Wayne
+Davison.
+.P
+Mailing lists for support and development are available at
+https://lists.samba.org/.