Merging debian version 1.65.0+dfsg1-2.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

40 files changed, 616 insertions, 263 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
index 9d36e37d7..6d919a4c2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{FramePointer, SanitizerSet, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
-    let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos");
+    let arch = "arm64";
+    let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos", arch, "");
     base.cpu = "apple-a14".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     // FIXME: The leak sanitizer currently fails the tests, see #88132.
     base.supported_sanitizers = SanitizerSet::ADDRESS | SanitizerSet::CFI | SanitizerSet::THREAD;
 
-    base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-arch", "arm64"]);
     base.link_env_remove.to_mut().extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
 
     // Clang automatically chooses a more specific target based on
     // MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET.  To enable cross-language LTO to work
     // correctly, we do too.
-    let llvm_target = super::apple_base::macos_llvm_target("arm64");
+    let llvm_target = super::apple_base::macos_llvm_target(arch);
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: llvm_target.into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_nintendo_switch_freestanding.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_nintendo_switch_freestanding.rs
index 1b7161fbb..b301ce68a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_nintendo_switch_freestanding.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_nintendo_switch_freestanding.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             position_independent_executables: true,
             dynamic_linking: true,
-            executables: true,
             relro_level: RelroLevel::Off,
             ..Default::default()
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_gnullvm.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_gnullvm.rs
index 59c6a95c2..98d3e79c8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_gnullvm.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_gnullvm.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_gnullvm_base::opts();
-    base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+    base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
     base.features = "+neon,+fp-armv8".into();
     base.linker = Some("aarch64-w64-mingw32-clang".into());
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
index 856ec4fb0..7c4544b3f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_pc_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+    base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
     base.features = "+neon,+fp-armv8".into();
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs
index 162b091b2..3ef04c676 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_unknown_uefi.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target};
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = uefi_msvc_base::opts();
 
-    base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+    base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
     base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Msvc, &["/machine:arm64"]);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
index 54247fd93..db4dbf817 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/aarch64_uwp_windows_msvc.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::spec::Target;
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::windows_uwp_msvc_base::opts();
-    base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+    base.max_atomic_width = Some(128);
 
     Target {
         llvm_target: "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
index dc06597db..9f3e0bd5e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/android_base.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut base = super::linux_base::opts();
     base.os = "android".into();
     base.default_dwarf_version = 2;
-    base.position_independent_executables = true;
     base.has_thread_local = false;
     // This is for backward compatibility, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/49867
     // for context. (At that time, there was no `-C force-unwind-tables`, so the only solution
     // was to always emit `uwtable`).
     base.default_uwtable = true;
-    base.crt_static_respected = false;
+    base.crt_static_respected = true;
     base
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs
index 15e4fb9be..2c72bf88a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_base.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
 use std::{borrow::Cow, env};
 
-use crate::spec::{cvs, FramePointer, LldFlavor, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, DebuginfoKind, FramePointer, SplitDebuginfo, StaticCow, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor};
+
+fn pre_link_args(os: &'static str, arch: &'static str, abi: &'static str) -> LinkArgs {
+    let platform_name: StaticCow<str> = match abi {
+        "sim" => format!("{}-simulator", os).into(),
+        "macabi" => "mac-catalyst".into(),
+        _ => os.into(),
+    };
+
+    let platform_version: StaticCow<str> = match os.as_ref() {
+        "ios" => ios_lld_platform_version(),
+        "tvos" => tvos_lld_platform_version(),
+        "watchos" => watchos_lld_platform_version(),
+        "macos" => macos_lld_platform_version(arch),
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    }
+    .into();
+
+    let mut args = TargetOptions::link_args(
+        LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64),
+        &["-arch", arch, "-platform_version"],
+    );
+    // Manually add owned args unsupported by link arg building helpers.
+    args.entry(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64)).or_default().extend([
+        platform_name,
+        platform_version.clone(),
+        platform_version,
+    ]);
+    if abi != "macabi" {
+        super::add_link_args(&mut args, LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-arch", arch]);
+    }
+
+    args
+}
 
-pub fn opts(os: &'static str) -> TargetOptions {
+pub fn opts(os: &'static str, arch: &'static str, abi: &'static str) -> TargetOptions {
     // ELF TLS is only available in macOS 10.7+. If you try to compile for 10.6
     // either the linker will complain if it is used or the binary will end up
     // segfaulting at runtime when run on 10.6. Rust by default supports macOS
@@ -24,6 +58,7 @@ pub fn opts(os: &'static str) -> TargetOptions {
         // macOS has -dead_strip, which doesn't rely on function_sections
         function_sections: false,
         dynamic_linking: true,
+        pre_link_args: pre_link_args(os, arch, abi),
         linker_is_gnu: false,
         families: cvs!["unix"],
         is_like_osx: true,
@@ -38,9 +73,15 @@ pub fn opts(os: &'static str) -> TargetOptions {
         eh_frame_header: false,
         lld_flavor: LldFlavor::Ld64,
 
+        debuginfo_kind: DebuginfoKind::DwarfDsym,
         // The historical default for macOS targets is to run `dsymutil` which
         // generates a packed version of debuginfo split from the main file.
         split_debuginfo: SplitDebuginfo::Packed,
+        supported_split_debuginfo: Cow::Borrowed(&[
+            SplitDebuginfo::Packed,
+            SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked,
+            SplitDebuginfo::Off,
+        ]),
 
         // This environment variable is pretty magical but is intended for
         // producing deterministic builds. This was first discovered to be used
@@ -73,12 +114,17 @@ fn macos_deployment_target(arch: &str) -> (u32, u32) {
         .unwrap_or_else(|| macos_default_deployment_target(arch))
 }
 
+fn macos_lld_platform_version(arch: &str) -> String {
+    let (major, minor) = macos_deployment_target(arch);
+    format!("{}.{}", major, minor)
+}
+
 pub fn macos_llvm_target(arch: &str) -> String {
     let (major, minor) = macos_deployment_target(arch);
     format!("{}-apple-macosx{}.{}.0", arch, major, minor)
 }
 
-pub fn macos_link_env_remove() -> Vec<Cow<'static, str>> {
+pub fn macos_link_env_remove() -> Vec<StaticCow<str>> {
     let mut env_remove = Vec::with_capacity(2);
     // Remove the `SDKROOT` environment variable if it's clearly set for the wrong platform, which
     // may occur when we're linking a custom build script while targeting iOS for example.
@@ -109,7 +155,7 @@ pub fn ios_llvm_target(arch: &str) -> String {
     format!("{}-apple-ios{}.{}.0", arch, major, minor)
 }
 
-pub fn ios_lld_platform_version() -> String {
+fn ios_lld_platform_version() -> String {
     let (major, minor) = ios_deployment_target();
     format!("{}.{}", major, minor)
 }
@@ -123,7 +169,7 @@ fn tvos_deployment_target() -> (u32, u32) {
     deployment_target("TVOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET").unwrap_or((7, 0))
 }
 
-pub fn tvos_lld_platform_version() -> String {
+fn tvos_lld_platform_version() -> String {
     let (major, minor) = tvos_deployment_target();
     format!("{}.{}", major, minor)
 }
@@ -132,7 +178,7 @@ fn watchos_deployment_target() -> (u32, u32) {
     deployment_target("WATCHOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET").unwrap_or((5, 0))
 }
 
-pub fn watchos_lld_platform_version() -> String {
+fn watchos_lld_platform_version() -> String {
     let (major, minor) = watchos_deployment_target();
     format!("{}.{}", major, minor)
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
index d77558f0f..49e302676 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/apple_sdk_base.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkArgs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, TargetOptions};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use Arch::*;
@@ -61,53 +61,12 @@ fn link_env_remove(arch: Arch) -> Cow<'static, [Cow<'static, str>]> {
     }
 }
 
-fn pre_link_args(os: &'static str, arch: Arch) -> LinkArgs {
-    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
-
-    let target_abi = target_abi(arch);
-
-    let platform_name = match target_abi {
-        "sim" => format!("{}-simulator", os),
-        "macabi" => "mac-catalyst".to_string(),
-        _ => os.to_string(),
-    };
-
-    let platform_version = match os.as_ref() {
-        "ios" => super::apple_base::ios_lld_platform_version(),
-        "tvos" => super::apple_base::tvos_lld_platform_version(),
-        "watchos" => super::apple_base::watchos_lld_platform_version(),
-        _ => unreachable!(),
-    };
-
-    let arch_str = target_arch_name(arch);
-
-    if target_abi != "macabi" {
-        args.insert(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, vec!["-arch".into(), arch_str.into()]);
-    }
-
-    args.insert(
-        LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64),
-        vec![
-            "-arch".into(),
-            arch_str.into(),
-            "-platform_version".into(),
-            platform_name.into(),
-            platform_version.clone().into(),
-            platform_version.into(),
-        ],
-    );
-
-    args
-}
-
 pub fn opts(os: &'static str, arch: Arch) -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
         abi: target_abi(arch).into(),
         cpu: target_cpu(arch).into(),
-        dynamic_linking: false,
-        pre_link_args: pre_link_args(os, arch),
         link_env_remove: link_env_remove(arch),
         has_thread_local: false,
-        ..super::apple_base::opts(os)
+        ..super::apple_base::opts(os, target_arch_name(arch), target_abi(arch))
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm64_32_apple_watchos.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm64_32_apple_watchos.rs
index 7b23fe1c4..cb7f5f2a5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm64_32_apple_watchos.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/arm64_32_apple_watchos.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         arch: "aarch64".into(),
         options: TargetOptions {
             features: "+neon,+fp-armv8,+apple-a7".into(),
-            max_atomic_width: Some(64),
+            max_atomic_width: Some(128),
             forces_embed_bitcode: true,
             // These arguments are not actually invoked - they just have
             // to look right to pass App Store validation.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armeb_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armeb_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4836f3cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armeb_unknown_linux_gnueabi.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use crate::abi::Endian;
+use crate::spec::{Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    Target {
+        llvm_target: "armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi".into(),
+        pointer_width: 32,
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        arch: "arm".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions {
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            features: "+strict-align,+v8,+crc".into(),
+            endian: Endian::Big,
+            max_atomic_width: Some(64),
+            mcount: "\u{1}__gnu_mcount_nc".into(),
+            ..super::linux_gnu_base::opts()
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_none_eabi.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..797dfe52b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/armv4t_none_eabi.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Targets the ARMv4T, with code as `a32` code by default.
+//!
+//! Primarily of use for the GBA, but usable with other devices too.
+//!
+//! Please ping @Lokathor if changes are needed.
+//!
+//! This target profile assumes that you have the ARM binutils in your path
+//! (specifically the linker, `arm-none-eabi-ld`). They can be obtained for free
+//! for all major OSes from the ARM developer's website, and they may also be
+//! available in your system's package manager. Unfortunately, the standard
+//! linker that Rust uses (`lld`) only supports as far back as `ARMv5TE`, so we
+//! must use the GNU `ld` linker.
+//!
+//! **Important:** This target profile **does not** specify a linker script. You
+//! just get the default link script when you build a binary for this target.
+//! The default link script is very likely wrong, so you should use
+//! `-Clink-arg=-Tmy_script.ld` to override that with a correct linker script.
+
+use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    Target {
+        llvm_target: "armv4t-none-eabi".into(),
+        pointer_width: 32,
+        arch: "arm".into(),
+        /* Data layout args are '-' separated:
+         * little endian
+         * stack is 64-bit aligned (EABI)
+         * pointers are 32-bit
+         * i64 must be 64-bit aligned (EABI)
+         * mangle names with ELF style
+         * native integers are 32-bit
+         * All other elements are default
+         */
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:32:32-Fi8-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions {
+            abi: "eabi".into(),
+            linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Ld,
+            linker: Some("arm-none-eabi-ld".into()),
+            asm_args: cvs!["-mthumb-interwork", "-march=armv4t", "-mlittle-endian",],
+            // Force-enable 32-bit atomics, which allows the use of atomic load/store only.
+            // The resulting atomics are ABI incompatible with atomics backed by libatomic.
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align,+atomics-32".into(),
+            main_needs_argc_argv: false,
+            atomic_cas: false,
+            has_thumb_interworking: true,
+            relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
+            panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
+            // from thumb_base, rust-lang/rust#44993.
+            emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
+            // from thumb_base, apparently gcc/clang give enums a minimum of 8 bits on no-os targets
+            c_enum_min_bits: 8,
+            ..Default::default()
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs
index b4cf2c5ee..f492c3451 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/asmjs_unknown_emscripten.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ use super::{wasm32_unknown_emscripten, LinkerFlavor, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut target = wasm32_unknown_emscripten::target();
-    target.add_post_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Em, &["-sWASM=0", "--memory-init-file", "0"]);
+    target.add_post_link_args(LinkerFlavor::EmCc, &["-sWASM=0", "--memory-init-file", "0"]);
     target
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
index 1d441e558..8cca33cc4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/avr_gnu_base.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 /// A base target for AVR devices using the GNU toolchain.
 ///
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub fn target(target_cpu: &'static str, mmcu: &'static str) -> Target {
             late_link_args: TargetOptions::link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-lgcc"]),
             max_atomic_width: Some(0),
             atomic_cas: false,
+            relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
             ..TargetOptions::default()
         },
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpf_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpf_base.rs
index 3c4da6f88..baf365871 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpf_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/bpf_base.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub fn opts(endian: Endian) -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
         allow_asm: true,
         endian,
-        linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::BpfLinker,
+        linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Bpf,
         atomic_cas: false,
         dynamic_linking: true,
         no_builtins: true,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs
index 52ac3622e..c126390f5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/crt_objects.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub(super) fn all(obj: &'static str) -> CrtObjects {
     ])
 }
 
-pub(super) fn pre_musl_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn pre_musl_self_contained() -> CrtObjects {
     new(&[
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicNoPicExe, &["crt1.o", "crti.o", "crtbegin.o"]),
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicPicExe, &["Scrt1.o", "crti.o", "crtbeginS.o"]),
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub(super) fn pre_musl_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
     ])
 }
 
-pub(super) fn post_musl_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn post_musl_self_contained() -> CrtObjects {
     new(&[
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicNoPicExe, &["crtend.o", "crtn.o"]),
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicPicExe, &["crtendS.o", "crtn.o"]),
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub(super) fn post_musl_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
     ])
 }
 
-pub(super) fn pre_mingw_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn pre_mingw_self_contained() -> CrtObjects {
     new(&[
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicNoPicExe, &["crt2.o", "rsbegin.o"]),
         (LinkOutputKind::DynamicPicExe, &["crt2.o", "rsbegin.o"]),
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub(super) fn pre_mingw_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
     ])
 }
 
-pub(super) fn post_mingw_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn post_mingw_self_contained() -> CrtObjects {
     all("rsend.o")
 }
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub(super) fn post_mingw() -> CrtObjects {
     all("rsend.o")
 }
 
-pub(super) fn pre_wasi_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn pre_wasi_self_contained() -> CrtObjects {
     // Use crt1-command.o instead of crt1.o to enable support for new-style
     // commands. See https://reviews.llvm.org/D81689 for more info.
     new(&[
@@ -120,37 +120,41 @@ pub(super) fn pre_wasi_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
     ])
 }
 
-pub(super) fn post_wasi_fallback() -> CrtObjects {
+pub(super) fn post_wasi_self_contained() -> CrtObjects {
     new(&[])
 }
 
-/// Which logic to use to determine whether to fall back to the "self-contained" mode or not.
+/// Which logic to use to determine whether to use self-contained linking mode
+/// if `-Clink-self-contained` is not specified explicitly.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Hash, Debug)]
-pub enum CrtObjectsFallback {
+pub enum LinkSelfContainedDefault {
+    False,
+    True,
     Musl,
     Mingw,
-    Wasm,
 }
 
-impl FromStr for CrtObjectsFallback {
+impl FromStr for LinkSelfContainedDefault {
     type Err = ();
 
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<CrtObjectsFallback, ()> {
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<LinkSelfContainedDefault, ()> {
         Ok(match s {
-            "musl" => CrtObjectsFallback::Musl,
-            "mingw" => CrtObjectsFallback::Mingw,
-            "wasm" => CrtObjectsFallback::Wasm,
+            "false" => LinkSelfContainedDefault::False,
+            "true" | "wasm" => LinkSelfContainedDefault::True,
+            "musl" => LinkSelfContainedDefault::Musl,
+            "mingw" => LinkSelfContainedDefault::Mingw,
             _ => return Err(()),
         })
     }
 }
 
-impl ToJson for CrtObjectsFallback {
+impl ToJson for LinkSelfContainedDefault {
     fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
         match *self {
-            CrtObjectsFallback::Musl => "musl",
-            CrtObjectsFallback::Mingw => "mingw",
-            CrtObjectsFallback::Wasm => "wasm",
+            LinkSelfContainedDefault::False => "false",
+            LinkSelfContainedDefault::True => "true",
+            LinkSelfContainedDefault::Musl => "musl",
+            LinkSelfContainedDefault::Mingw => "mingw",
         }
         .to_json()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs
index df1e3275f..962ad0c66 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/fuchsia_base.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 use crate::spec::{crt_objects, cvs, LinkOutputKind, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
+    // This mirrors the linker options provided by clang. We presume lld for
+    // now. When using clang as the linker it will supply these options for us,
+    // so we only list them for ld/lld.
+    //
+    // https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/db9322b2066c55254e7691efeab863f43bfcc084/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Fuchsia.cpp#L31
     let pre_link_args = TargetOptions::link_args(
         LinkerFlavor::Ld,
         &[
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs
index cc2c78c69..2a24e4459 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/hexagon_unknown_linux_musl.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     base.crt_static_default = false;
     base.has_rpath = true;
     base.linker_is_gnu = false;
-    base.dynamic_linking = true;
 
     base.c_enum_min_bits = 8;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs
index 1718bd77b..5e9ceb844 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/i686_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
-    let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos");
+    // ld64 only understand i386 and not i686
+    let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos", "i386", "");
     base.cpu = "yonah".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
     base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-m32"]);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs
index a08756861..b7bc1072b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/l4re_base.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
         os: "l4re".into(),
         env: "uclibc".into(),
-        linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::L4Bender,
+        linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Ld,
         panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
         linker: Some("l4-bender".into()),
         linker_is_gnu: false,
         families: cvs!["unix"],
+        relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
index f4fce3b40..df8e84812 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_base.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, RelroLevel, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     TargetOptions {
@@ -10,6 +11,11 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
         has_thread_local: true,
         crt_static_respected: true,
+        supported_split_debuginfo: Cow::Borrowed(&[
+            SplitDebuginfo::Packed,
+            SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked,
+            SplitDebuginfo::Off,
+        ]),
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs
index 207a87ab0..61553e71b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/linux_musl_base.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-use crate::spec::crt_objects::{self, CrtObjectsFallback};
+use crate::spec::crt_objects::{self, LinkSelfContainedDefault};
 use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut base = super::linux_base::opts();
 
     base.env = "musl".into();
-    base.pre_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::pre_musl_fallback();
-    base.post_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::post_musl_fallback();
-    base.crt_objects_fallback = Some(CrtObjectsFallback::Musl);
+    base.pre_link_objects_self_contained = crt_objects::pre_musl_self_contained();
+    base.post_link_objects_self_contained = crt_objects::post_musl_self_contained();
+    base.link_self_contained = LinkSelfContainedDefault::Musl;
 
     // These targets statically link libc by default
     base.crt_static_default = true;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
index f7abeafd3..dc16739bd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 use crate::abi::Endian;
 use crate::json::{Json, ToJson};
 use crate::spec::abi::{lookup as lookup_abi, Abi};
-use crate::spec::crt_objects::{CrtObjects, CrtObjectsFallback};
+use crate::spec::crt_objects::{CrtObjects, LinkSelfContainedDefault};
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_serialize::{Decodable, Decoder, Encodable, Encoder};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Symbol};
@@ -92,14 +92,24 @@ mod windows_uwp_msvc_base;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
 pub enum LinkerFlavor {
-    Em,
     Gcc,
-    L4Bender,
     Ld,
+    Lld(LldFlavor),
     Msvc,
+    EmCc,
+    Bpf,
+    Ptx,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum LinkerFlavorCli {
+    Gcc,
+    Ld,
     Lld(LldFlavor),
-    PtxLinker,
+    Msvc,
+    Em,
     BpfLinker,
+    PtxLinker,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
@@ -137,19 +147,40 @@ impl ToJson for LldFlavor {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToJson for LinkerFlavor {
-    fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
-        self.desc().to_json()
+impl LinkerFlavor {
+    pub fn from_cli(cli: LinkerFlavorCli) -> LinkerFlavor {
+        match cli {
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc => LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Ld => LinkerFlavor::Ld,
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(lld_flavor) => LinkerFlavor::Lld(lld_flavor),
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Msvc => LinkerFlavor::Msvc,
+            LinkerFlavorCli::Em => LinkerFlavor::EmCc,
+            LinkerFlavorCli::BpfLinker => LinkerFlavor::Bpf,
+            LinkerFlavorCli::PtxLinker => LinkerFlavor::Ptx,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_cli(self) -> LinkerFlavorCli {
+        match self {
+            LinkerFlavor::Gcc => LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc,
+            LinkerFlavor::Ld => LinkerFlavorCli::Ld,
+            LinkerFlavor::Lld(lld_flavor) => LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(lld_flavor),
+            LinkerFlavor::Msvc => LinkerFlavorCli::Msvc,
+            LinkerFlavor::EmCc => LinkerFlavorCli::Em,
+            LinkerFlavor::Bpf => LinkerFlavorCli::BpfLinker,
+            LinkerFlavor::Ptx => LinkerFlavorCli::PtxLinker,
+        }
     }
 }
-macro_rules! flavor_mappings {
-    ($((($($flavor:tt)*), $string:expr),)*) => (
-        impl LinkerFlavor {
+
+macro_rules! linker_flavor_cli_impls {
+    ($(($($flavor:tt)*) $string:literal)*) => (
+        impl LinkerFlavorCli {
             pub const fn one_of() -> &'static str {
                 concat!("one of: ", $($string, " ",)*)
             }
 
-            pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+            pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Option<LinkerFlavorCli> {
                 Some(match s {
                     $($string => $($flavor)*,)*
                     _ => return None,
@@ -165,18 +196,23 @@ macro_rules! flavor_mappings {
     )
 }
 
-flavor_mappings! {
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Em), "em"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Gcc), "gcc"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::L4Bender), "l4-bender"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Ld), "ld"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Msvc), "msvc"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker), "ptx-linker"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::BpfLinker), "bpf-linker"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)), "wasm-ld"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64)), "ld64.lld"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld)), "ld.lld"),
-    ((LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link)), "lld-link"),
+linker_flavor_cli_impls! {
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc) "gcc"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Ld) "ld"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld)) "ld.lld"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64)) "ld64.lld"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(LldFlavor::Link)) "lld-link"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)) "wasm-ld"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Msvc) "msvc"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::Em) "em"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::BpfLinker) "bpf-linker"
+    (LinkerFlavorCli::PtxLinker) "ptx-linker"
+}
+
+impl ToJson for LinkerFlavorCli {
+    fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
+        self.desc().to_json()
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Hash, Encodable, Decodable, HashStable_Generic)]
@@ -467,8 +503,59 @@ impl fmt::Display for LinkOutputKind {
 }
 
 pub type LinkArgs = BTreeMap<LinkerFlavor, Vec<StaticCow<str>>>;
+pub type LinkArgsCli = BTreeMap<LinkerFlavorCli, Vec<StaticCow<str>>>;
+
+/// Which kind of debuginfo does the target use?
+///
+/// Useful in determining whether a target supports Split DWARF (a target with
+/// `DebuginfoKind::Dwarf` and supporting `SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked` for example).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub enum DebuginfoKind {
+    /// DWARF debuginfo (such as that used on `x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu`).
+    #[default]
+    Dwarf,
+    /// DWARF debuginfo in dSYM files (such as on Apple platforms).
+    DwarfDsym,
+    /// Program database files (such as on Windows).
+    Pdb,
+}
+
+impl DebuginfoKind {
+    fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            DebuginfoKind::Dwarf => "dwarf",
+            DebuginfoKind::DwarfDsym => "dwarf-dsym",
+            DebuginfoKind::Pdb => "pdb",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for DebuginfoKind {
+    type Err = ();
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, ()> {
+        Ok(match s {
+            "dwarf" => DebuginfoKind::Dwarf,
+            "dwarf-dsym" => DebuginfoKind::DwarfDsym,
+            "pdb" => DebuginfoKind::Pdb,
+            _ => return Err(()),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToJson for DebuginfoKind {
+    fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
+        self.as_str().to_json()
+    }
+}
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Hash, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+impl fmt::Display for DebuginfoKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub enum SplitDebuginfo {
     /// Split debug-information is disabled, meaning that on supported platforms
     /// you can find all debug information in the executable itself. This is
@@ -476,7 +563,8 @@ pub enum SplitDebuginfo {
     ///
     /// * Windows - not supported
     /// * macOS - don't run `dsymutil`
-    /// * ELF - `.dwarf_*` sections
+    /// * ELF - `.debug_*` sections
+    #[default]
     Off,
 
     /// Split debug-information can be found in a "packed" location separate
@@ -484,7 +572,7 @@ pub enum SplitDebuginfo {
     ///
     /// * Windows - `*.pdb`
     /// * macOS - `*.dSYM` (run `dsymutil`)
-    /// * ELF - `*.dwp` (run `rust-llvm-dwp`)
+    /// * ELF - `*.dwp` (run `thorin`)
     Packed,
 
     /// Split debug-information can be found in individual object files on the
@@ -509,7 +597,7 @@ impl SplitDebuginfo {
 impl FromStr for SplitDebuginfo {
     type Err = ();
 
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<SplitDebuginfo, ()> {
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, ()> {
         Ok(match s {
             "off" => SplitDebuginfo::Off,
             "unpacked" => SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked,
@@ -786,15 +874,15 @@ impl fmt::Display for StackProtector {
 }
 
 macro_rules! supported_targets {
-    ( $(($( $triple:literal, )+ $module:ident ),)+ ) => {
+    ( $(($triple:literal, $module:ident ),)+ ) => {
         $(mod $module;)+
 
         /// List of supported targets
-        pub const TARGETS: &[&str] = &[$($($triple),+),+];
+        pub const TARGETS: &[&str] = &[$($triple),+];
 
         fn load_builtin(target: &str) -> Option<Target> {
             let mut t = match target {
-                $( $($triple)|+ => $module::target(), )+
+                $( $triple => $module::target(), )+
                 _ => return None,
             };
             t.is_builtin = true;
@@ -810,7 +898,7 @@ macro_rules! supported_targets {
             $(
                 #[test] // `#[test]`
                 fn $module() {
-                    tests_impl::test_target(super::$module::target());
+                    tests_impl::test_target(super::$module::target(), $triple);
                 }
             )+
         }
@@ -844,6 +932,7 @@ supported_targets! {
     ("sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu", sparc64_unknown_linux_gnu),
     ("arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi", arm_unknown_linux_gnueabi),
     ("arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf", arm_unknown_linux_gnueabihf),
+    ("armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi", armeb_unknown_linux_gnueabi),
     ("arm-unknown-linux-musleabi", arm_unknown_linux_musleabi),
     ("arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf", arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf),
     ("armv4t-unknown-linux-gnueabi", armv4t_unknown_linux_gnueabi),
@@ -893,9 +982,11 @@ supported_targets! {
 
     ("aarch64-unknown-openbsd", aarch64_unknown_openbsd),
     ("i686-unknown-openbsd", i686_unknown_openbsd),
+    ("powerpc-unknown-openbsd", powerpc_unknown_openbsd),
+    ("powerpc64-unknown-openbsd", powerpc64_unknown_openbsd),
+    ("riscv64gc-unknown-openbsd", riscv64gc_unknown_openbsd),
     ("sparc64-unknown-openbsd", sparc64_unknown_openbsd),
     ("x86_64-unknown-openbsd", x86_64_unknown_openbsd),
-    ("powerpc-unknown-openbsd", powerpc_unknown_openbsd),
 
     ("aarch64-unknown-netbsd", aarch64_unknown_netbsd),
     ("armv6-unknown-netbsd-eabihf", armv6_unknown_netbsd_eabihf),
@@ -1028,6 +1119,7 @@ supported_targets! {
     ("mipsel-sony-psp", mipsel_sony_psp),
     ("mipsel-unknown-none", mipsel_unknown_none),
     ("thumbv4t-none-eabi", thumbv4t_none_eabi),
+    ("armv4t-none-eabi", armv4t_none_eabi),
 
     ("aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu", aarch64_be_unknown_linux_gnu),
     ("aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32", aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu_ilp32),
@@ -1156,48 +1248,54 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     pub abi: StaticCow<str>,
     /// Vendor name to use for conditional compilation (`target_vendor`). Defaults to "unknown".
     pub vendor: StaticCow<str>,
-    /// Default linker flavor used if `-C linker-flavor` or `-C linker` are not passed
-    /// on the command line. Defaults to `LinkerFlavor::Gcc`.
-    pub linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor,
 
     /// Linker to invoke
     pub linker: Option<StaticCow<str>>,
-
+    /// Default linker flavor used if `-C linker-flavor` or `-C linker` are not passed
+    /// on the command line. Defaults to `LinkerFlavor::Gcc`.
+    pub linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor,
+    linker_flavor_json: LinkerFlavorCli,
     /// LLD flavor used if `lld` (or `rust-lld`) is specified as a linker
     /// without clarifying its flavor in any way.
+    /// FIXME: Merge this into `LinkerFlavor`.
     pub lld_flavor: LldFlavor,
+    /// Whether the linker support GNU-like arguments such as -O. Defaults to true.
+    /// FIXME: Merge this into `LinkerFlavor`.
+    pub linker_is_gnu: bool,
 
-    /// Linker arguments that are passed *before* any user-defined libraries.
-    pub pre_link_args: LinkArgs,
     /// Objects to link before and after all other object code.
     pub pre_link_objects: CrtObjects,
     pub post_link_objects: CrtObjects,
-    /// Same as `(pre|post)_link_objects`, but when we fail to pull the objects with help of the
-    /// target's native gcc and fall back to the "self-contained" mode and pull them manually.
-    /// See `crt_objects.rs` for some more detailed documentation.
-    pub pre_link_objects_fallback: CrtObjects,
-    pub post_link_objects_fallback: CrtObjects,
-    /// Which logic to use to determine whether to fall back to the "self-contained" mode or not.
-    pub crt_objects_fallback: Option<CrtObjectsFallback>,
+    /// Same as `(pre|post)_link_objects`, but when self-contained linking mode is enabled.
+    pub pre_link_objects_self_contained: CrtObjects,
+    pub post_link_objects_self_contained: CrtObjects,
+    pub link_self_contained: LinkSelfContainedDefault,
 
+    /// Linker arguments that are passed *before* any user-defined libraries.
+    pub pre_link_args: LinkArgs,
+    pre_link_args_json: LinkArgsCli,
     /// Linker arguments that are unconditionally passed after any
     /// user-defined but before post-link objects. Standard platform
     /// libraries that should be always be linked to, usually go here.
     pub late_link_args: LinkArgs,
+    late_link_args_json: LinkArgsCli,
     /// Linker arguments used in addition to `late_link_args` if at least one
     /// Rust dependency is dynamically linked.
     pub late_link_args_dynamic: LinkArgs,
+    late_link_args_dynamic_json: LinkArgsCli,
     /// Linker arguments used in addition to `late_link_args` if all Rust
     /// dependencies are statically linked.
     pub late_link_args_static: LinkArgs,
+    late_link_args_static_json: LinkArgsCli,
     /// Linker arguments that are unconditionally passed *after* any
     /// user-defined libraries.
     pub post_link_args: LinkArgs,
+    post_link_args_json: LinkArgsCli,
+
     /// Optional link script applied to `dylib` and `executable` crate types.
     /// This is a string containing the script, not a path. Can only be applied
     /// to linkers where `linker_is_gnu` is true.
     pub link_script: Option<StaticCow<str>>,
-
     /// Environment variables to be set for the linker invocation.
     pub link_env: StaticCow<[(StaticCow<str>, StaticCow<str>)]>,
     /// Environment variables to be removed for the linker invocation.
@@ -1254,6 +1352,8 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     pub abi_return_struct_as_int: bool,
     /// Whether the target toolchain is like macOS's. Only useful for compiling against iOS/macOS,
     /// in particular running dsymutil and some other stuff like `-dead_strip`. Defaults to false.
+    /// Also indiates whether to use Apple-specific ABI changes, such as extending function
+    /// parameters to 32-bits.
     pub is_like_osx: bool,
     /// Whether the target toolchain is like Solaris's.
     /// Only useful for compiling against Illumos/Solaris,
@@ -1282,8 +1382,6 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// Default supported version of DWARF on this platform.
     /// Useful because some platforms (osx, bsd) only want up to DWARF2.
     pub default_dwarf_version: u32,
-    /// Whether the linker support GNU-like arguments such as -O. Defaults to true.
-    pub linker_is_gnu: bool,
     /// The MinGW toolchain has a known issue that prevents it from correctly
     /// handling COFF object files with more than 2<sup>15</sup> sections. Since each weak
     /// symbol needs its own COMDAT section, weak linkage implies a large
@@ -1438,9 +1536,13 @@ pub struct TargetOptions {
     /// thumb and arm interworking.
     pub has_thumb_interworking: bool,
 
+    /// Which kind of debuginfo is used by this target?
+    pub debuginfo_kind: DebuginfoKind,
     /// How to handle split debug information, if at all. Specifying `None` has
     /// target-specific meaning.
     pub split_debuginfo: SplitDebuginfo,
+    /// Which kinds of split debuginfo are supported by the target?
+    pub supported_split_debuginfo: StaticCow<[SplitDebuginfo]>,
 
     /// The sanitizers supported by this target
     ///
@@ -1473,15 +1575,11 @@ fn add_link_args(link_args: &mut LinkArgs, flavor: LinkerFlavor, args: &[&'stati
     match flavor {
         LinkerFlavor::Ld => insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld)),
         LinkerFlavor::Msvc => insert(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Link)),
-        LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm) => {}
+        LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64) | LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm) => {}
         LinkerFlavor::Lld(lld_flavor) => {
             panic!("add_link_args: use non-LLD flavor for {:?}", lld_flavor)
         }
-        LinkerFlavor::Gcc
-        | LinkerFlavor::Em
-        | LinkerFlavor::L4Bender
-        | LinkerFlavor::BpfLinker
-        | LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker => {}
+        LinkerFlavor::Gcc | LinkerFlavor::EmCc | LinkerFlavor::Bpf | LinkerFlavor::Ptx => {}
     }
 }
 
@@ -1499,6 +1597,36 @@ impl TargetOptions {
     fn add_post_link_args(&mut self, flavor: LinkerFlavor, args: &[&'static str]) {
         add_link_args(&mut self.post_link_args, flavor, args);
     }
+
+    fn update_from_cli(&mut self) {
+        self.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::from_cli(self.linker_flavor_json);
+        for (args, args_json) in [
+            (&mut self.pre_link_args, &self.pre_link_args_json),
+            (&mut self.late_link_args, &self.late_link_args_json),
+            (&mut self.late_link_args_dynamic, &self.late_link_args_dynamic_json),
+            (&mut self.late_link_args_static, &self.late_link_args_static_json),
+            (&mut self.post_link_args, &self.post_link_args_json),
+        ] {
+            *args = args_json
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(flavor, args)| (LinkerFlavor::from_cli(*flavor), args.clone()))
+                .collect();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update_to_cli(&mut self) {
+        self.linker_flavor_json = self.linker_flavor.to_cli();
+        for (args, args_json) in [
+            (&self.pre_link_args, &mut self.pre_link_args_json),
+            (&self.late_link_args, &mut self.late_link_args_json),
+            (&self.late_link_args_dynamic, &mut self.late_link_args_dynamic_json),
+            (&self.late_link_args_static, &mut self.late_link_args_static_json),
+            (&self.post_link_args, &mut self.post_link_args_json),
+        ] {
+            *args_json =
+                args.iter().map(|(flavor, args)| (flavor.to_cli(), args.clone())).collect();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for TargetOptions {
@@ -1513,11 +1641,11 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             env: "".into(),
             abi: "".into(),
             vendor: "unknown".into(),
-            linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
             linker: option_env!("CFG_DEFAULT_LINKER").map(|s| s.into()),
+            linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Gcc,
+            linker_flavor_json: LinkerFlavorCli::Gcc,
             lld_flavor: LldFlavor::Ld,
-            pre_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
-            post_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
+            linker_is_gnu: true,
             link_script: None,
             asm_args: cvs![],
             cpu: "generic".into(),
@@ -1544,7 +1672,6 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             is_like_msvc: false,
             is_like_wasm: false,
             default_dwarf_version: 4,
-            linker_is_gnu: true,
             allows_weak_linkage: true,
             has_rpath: false,
             no_default_libraries: true,
@@ -1554,12 +1681,19 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             relro_level: RelroLevel::None,
             pre_link_objects: Default::default(),
             post_link_objects: Default::default(),
-            pre_link_objects_fallback: Default::default(),
-            post_link_objects_fallback: Default::default(),
-            crt_objects_fallback: None,
+            pre_link_objects_self_contained: Default::default(),
+            post_link_objects_self_contained: Default::default(),
+            link_self_contained: LinkSelfContainedDefault::False,
+            pre_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
+            pre_link_args_json: LinkArgsCli::new(),
             late_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
+            late_link_args_json: LinkArgsCli::new(),
             late_link_args_dynamic: LinkArgs::new(),
+            late_link_args_dynamic_json: LinkArgsCli::new(),
             late_link_args_static: LinkArgs::new(),
+            late_link_args_static_json: LinkArgsCli::new(),
+            post_link_args: LinkArgs::new(),
+            post_link_args_json: LinkArgsCli::new(),
             link_env: cvs![],
             link_env_remove: cvs![],
             archive_format: "gnu".into(),
@@ -1598,7 +1732,10 @@ impl Default for TargetOptions {
             use_ctors_section: false,
             eh_frame_header: true,
             has_thumb_interworking: false,
-            split_debuginfo: SplitDebuginfo::Off,
+            debuginfo_kind: Default::default(),
+            split_debuginfo: Default::default(),
+            // `Off` is supported by default, but targets can remove this manually, e.g. Windows.
+            supported_split_debuginfo: Cow::Borrowed(&[SplitDebuginfo::Off]),
             supported_sanitizers: SanitizerSet::empty(),
             default_adjusted_cabi: None,
             c_enum_min_bits: 32,
@@ -1871,6 +2008,19 @@ impl Target {
                     Some(Ok(()))
                 })).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
             } );
+            ($key_name:ident, DebuginfoKind) => ( {
+                let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
+                obj.remove(&name).and_then(|o| o.as_str().and_then(|s| {
+                    match s.parse::<DebuginfoKind>() {
+                        Ok(level) => base.$key_name = level,
+                        _ => return Some(Err(
+                            format!("'{s}' is not a valid value for debuginfo-kind. Use 'dwarf', \
+                                  'dwarf-dsym' or 'pdb'.")
+                        )),
+                    }
+                    Some(Ok(()))
+                })).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
+            } );
             ($key_name:ident, SplitDebuginfo) => ( {
                 let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
                 obj.remove(&name).and_then(|o| o.as_str().and_then(|s| {
@@ -1907,6 +2057,25 @@ impl Target {
                     }
                 }
             } );
+            ($key_name:ident, falliable_list) => ( {
+                let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
+                obj.remove(&name).and_then(|j| {
+                    if let Some(v) = j.as_array() {
+                        match v.iter().map(|a| FromStr::from_str(a.as_str().unwrap())).collect() {
+                            Ok(l) => { base.$key_name = l },
+                            // FIXME: `falliable_list` can't re-use the `key!` macro for list
+                            // elements and the error messages from that macro, so it has a bad
+                            // generic message instead
+                            Err(_) => return Some(Err(
+                                format!("`{:?}` is not a valid value for `{}`", j, name)
+                            )),
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        incorrect_type.push(name)
+                    }
+                    Some(Ok(()))
+                }).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
+            } );
             ($key_name:ident, optional) => ( {
                 let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
                 if let Some(o) = obj.remove(&name) {
@@ -1929,13 +2098,13 @@ impl Target {
                     Some(Ok(()))
                 })).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
             } );
-            ($key_name:ident, LinkerFlavor) => ( {
-                let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
-                obj.remove(&name).and_then(|o| o.as_str().and_then(|s| {
-                    match LinkerFlavor::from_str(s) {
+            ($key_name:ident = $json_name:expr, LinkerFlavor) => ( {
+                let name = $json_name;
+                obj.remove(name).and_then(|o| o.as_str().and_then(|s| {
+                    match LinkerFlavorCli::from_str(s) {
                         Some(linker_flavor) => base.$key_name = linker_flavor,
                         _ => return Some(Err(format!("'{}' is not a valid value for linker-flavor. \
-                                                      Use {}", s, LinkerFlavor::one_of()))),
+                                                      Use {}", s, LinkerFlavorCli::one_of()))),
                     }
                     Some(Ok(()))
                 })).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
@@ -1977,20 +2146,20 @@ impl Target {
                 Ok::<(), String>(())
             } );
 
-            ($key_name:ident, crt_objects_fallback) => ( {
-                let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
-                obj.remove(&name).and_then(|o| o.as_str().and_then(|s| {
-                    match s.parse::<CrtObjectsFallback>() {
-                        Ok(fallback) => base.$key_name = Some(fallback),
-                        _ => return Some(Err(format!("'{}' is not a valid CRT objects fallback. \
-                                                      Use 'musl', 'mingw' or 'wasm'", s))),
+            ($key_name:ident = $json_name:expr, link_self_contained) => ( {
+                let name = $json_name;
+                obj.remove(name).and_then(|o| o.as_str().and_then(|s| {
+                    match s.parse::<LinkSelfContainedDefault>() {
+                        Ok(lsc_default) => base.$key_name = lsc_default,
+                        _ => return Some(Err(format!("'{}' is not a valid `-Clink-self-contained` default. \
+                                                      Use 'false', 'true', 'musl' or 'mingw'", s))),
                     }
                     Some(Ok(()))
                 })).unwrap_or(Ok(()))
             } );
-            ($key_name:ident, link_objects) => ( {
-                let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
-                if let Some(val) = obj.remove(&name) {
+            ($key_name:ident = $json_name:expr, link_objects) => ( {
+                let name = $json_name;
+                if let Some(val) = obj.remove(name) {
                     let obj = val.as_object().ok_or_else(|| format!("{}: expected a \
                         JSON object with fields per CRT object kind.", name))?;
                     let mut args = CrtObjects::new();
@@ -2016,14 +2185,14 @@ impl Target {
                     base.$key_name = args;
                 }
             } );
-            ($key_name:ident, link_args) => ( {
-                let name = (stringify!($key_name)).replace("_", "-");
-                if let Some(val) = obj.remove(&name) {
+            ($key_name:ident = $json_name:expr, link_args) => ( {
+                let name = $json_name;
+                if let Some(val) = obj.remove(name) {
                     let obj = val.as_object().ok_or_else(|| format!("{}: expected a \
                         JSON object with fields per linker-flavor.", name))?;
-                    let mut args = LinkArgs::new();
+                    let mut args = LinkArgsCli::new();
                     for (k, v) in obj {
-                        let flavor = LinkerFlavor::from_str(&k).ok_or_else(|| {
+                        let flavor = LinkerFlavorCli::from_str(&k).ok_or_else(|| {
                             format!("{}: '{}' is not a valid value for linker-flavor. \
                                      Use 'em', 'gcc', 'ld' or 'msvc'", name, k)
                         })?;
@@ -2109,19 +2278,20 @@ impl Target {
         key!(env);
         key!(abi);
         key!(vendor);
-        key!(linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor)?;
         key!(linker, optional);
+        key!(linker_flavor_json = "linker-flavor", LinkerFlavor)?;
         key!(lld_flavor, LldFlavor)?;
-        key!(pre_link_objects, link_objects);
-        key!(post_link_objects, link_objects);
-        key!(pre_link_objects_fallback, link_objects);
-        key!(post_link_objects_fallback, link_objects);
-        key!(crt_objects_fallback, crt_objects_fallback)?;
-        key!(pre_link_args, link_args);
-        key!(late_link_args, link_args);
-        key!(late_link_args_dynamic, link_args);
-        key!(late_link_args_static, link_args);
-        key!(post_link_args, link_args);
+        key!(linker_is_gnu, bool);
+        key!(pre_link_objects = "pre-link-objects", link_objects);
+        key!(post_link_objects = "post-link-objects", link_objects);
+        key!(pre_link_objects_self_contained = "pre-link-objects-fallback", link_objects);
+        key!(post_link_objects_self_contained = "post-link-objects-fallback", link_objects);
+        key!(link_self_contained = "crt-objects-fallback", link_self_contained)?;
+        key!(pre_link_args_json = "pre-link-args", link_args);
+        key!(late_link_args_json = "late-link-args", link_args);
+        key!(late_link_args_dynamic_json = "late-link-args-dynamic", link_args);
+        key!(late_link_args_static_json = "late-link-args-static", link_args);
+        key!(post_link_args_json = "post-link-args", link_args);
         key!(link_script, optional);
         key!(link_env, env);
         key!(link_env_remove, list);
@@ -2149,7 +2319,6 @@ impl Target {
         key!(is_like_msvc, bool);
         key!(is_like_wasm, bool);
         key!(default_dwarf_version, u32);
-        key!(linker_is_gnu, bool);
         key!(allows_weak_linkage, bool);
         key!(has_rpath, bool);
         key!(no_default_libraries, bool);
@@ -2193,7 +2362,9 @@ impl Target {
         key!(use_ctors_section, bool);
         key!(eh_frame_header, bool);
         key!(has_thumb_interworking, bool);
+        key!(debuginfo_kind, DebuginfoKind)?;
         key!(split_debuginfo, SplitDebuginfo)?;
+        key!(supported_split_debuginfo, falliable_list)?;
         key!(supported_sanitizers, SanitizerSet)?;
         key!(default_adjusted_cabi, Option<Abi>)?;
         key!(c_enum_min_bits, u64);
@@ -2204,6 +2375,8 @@ impl Target {
             // This can cause unfortunate ICEs later down the line.
             return Err("may not set is_builtin for targets not built-in".into());
         }
+        base.update_from_cli();
+
         // Each field should have been read using `Json::remove` so any keys remaining are unused.
         let remaining_keys = obj.keys();
         Ok((
@@ -2219,7 +2392,7 @@ impl Target {
                 load_builtin(target_triple).expect("built-in target")
             }
             TargetTriple::TargetJson { .. } => {
-                panic!("built-in targets doens't support target-paths")
+                panic!("built-in targets doesn't support target-paths")
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2295,42 +2468,44 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
     fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
         let mut d = serde_json::Map::new();
         let default: TargetOptions = Default::default();
+        let mut target = self.clone();
+        target.update_to_cli();
 
         macro_rules! target_val {
             ($attr:ident) => {{
                 let name = (stringify!($attr)).replace("_", "-");
-                d.insert(name, self.$attr.to_json());
+                d.insert(name, target.$attr.to_json());
             }};
         }
 
         macro_rules! target_option_val {
             ($attr:ident) => {{
                 let name = (stringify!($attr)).replace("_", "-");
-                if default.$attr != self.$attr {
-                    d.insert(name, self.$attr.to_json());
+                if default.$attr != target.$attr {
+                    d.insert(name, target.$attr.to_json());
                 }
             }};
-            ($attr:ident, $key_name:expr) => {{
-                let name = $key_name;
-                if default.$attr != self.$attr {
-                    d.insert(name.into(), self.$attr.to_json());
+            ($attr:ident, $json_name:expr) => {{
+                let name = $json_name;
+                if default.$attr != target.$attr {
+                    d.insert(name.into(), target.$attr.to_json());
                 }
             }};
-            (link_args - $attr:ident) => {{
-                let name = (stringify!($attr)).replace("_", "-");
-                if default.$attr != self.$attr {
-                    let obj = self
+            (link_args - $attr:ident, $json_name:expr) => {{
+                let name = $json_name;
+                if default.$attr != target.$attr {
+                    let obj = target
                         .$attr
                         .iter()
                         .map(|(k, v)| (k.desc().to_string(), v.clone()))
                         .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
-                    d.insert(name, obj.to_json());
+                    d.insert(name.to_string(), obj.to_json());
                 }
             }};
             (env - $attr:ident) => {{
                 let name = (stringify!($attr)).replace("_", "-");
-                if default.$attr != self.$attr {
-                    let obj = self
+                if default.$attr != target.$attr {
+                    let obj = target
                         .$attr
                         .iter()
                         .map(|&(ref k, ref v)| format!("{k}={v}"))
@@ -2352,19 +2527,20 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
         target_option_val!(env);
         target_option_val!(abi);
         target_option_val!(vendor);
-        target_option_val!(linker_flavor);
         target_option_val!(linker);
+        target_option_val!(linker_flavor_json, "linker-flavor");
         target_option_val!(lld_flavor);
+        target_option_val!(linker_is_gnu);
         target_option_val!(pre_link_objects);
         target_option_val!(post_link_objects);
-        target_option_val!(pre_link_objects_fallback);
-        target_option_val!(post_link_objects_fallback);
-        target_option_val!(crt_objects_fallback);
-        target_option_val!(link_args - pre_link_args);
-        target_option_val!(link_args - late_link_args);
-        target_option_val!(link_args - late_link_args_dynamic);
-        target_option_val!(link_args - late_link_args_static);
-        target_option_val!(link_args - post_link_args);
+        target_option_val!(pre_link_objects_self_contained, "pre-link-objects-fallback");
+        target_option_val!(post_link_objects_self_contained, "post-link-objects-fallback");
+        target_option_val!(link_self_contained, "crt-objects-fallback");
+        target_option_val!(link_args - pre_link_args_json, "pre-link-args");
+        target_option_val!(link_args - late_link_args_json, "late-link-args");
+        target_option_val!(link_args - late_link_args_dynamic_json, "late-link-args-dynamic");
+        target_option_val!(link_args - late_link_args_static_json, "late-link-args-static");
+        target_option_val!(link_args - post_link_args_json, "post-link-args");
         target_option_val!(link_script);
         target_option_val!(env - link_env);
         target_option_val!(link_env_remove);
@@ -2393,7 +2569,6 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
         target_option_val!(is_like_msvc);
         target_option_val!(is_like_wasm);
         target_option_val!(default_dwarf_version);
-        target_option_val!(linker_is_gnu);
         target_option_val!(allows_weak_linkage);
         target_option_val!(has_rpath);
         target_option_val!(no_default_libraries);
@@ -2437,7 +2612,9 @@ impl ToJson for Target {
         target_option_val!(use_ctors_section);
         target_option_val!(eh_frame_header);
         target_option_val!(has_thumb_interworking);
+        target_option_val!(debuginfo_kind);
         target_option_val!(split_debuginfo);
+        target_option_val!(supported_split_debuginfo);
         target_option_val!(supported_sanitizers);
         target_option_val!(c_enum_min_bits);
         target_option_val!(generate_arange_section);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
index edb30b72b..b3cd38a6e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/msvc_base.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{DebuginfoKind, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     // Suppress the verbose logo and authorship debugging output, which would needlessly
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         // Currently this is the only supported method of debuginfo on MSVC
         // where `*.pdb` files show up next to the final artifact.
         split_debuginfo: SplitDebuginfo::Packed,
+        supported_split_debuginfo: Cow::Borrowed(&[SplitDebuginfo::Packed]),
+        debuginfo_kind: DebuginfoKind::Pdb,
 
         ..Default::default()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs
index 1c5b68001..6ab3a8b7e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/nvptx64_nvidia_cuda.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         options: TargetOptions {
             os: "cuda".into(),
             vendor: "nvidia".into(),
-            linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker,
+            linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Ptx,
             // The linker can be installed from `crates.io`.
             linker: Some("rust-ptx-linker".into()),
             linker_is_gnu: false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cb3a67dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc64_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use crate::abi::Endian;
+use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    let mut base = super::openbsd_base::opts();
+    base.cpu = "ppc64".into();
+    base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-m64"]);
+    base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
+
+    Target {
+        llvm_target: "powerpc64-unknown-openbsd".into(),
+        pointer_width: 64,
+        data_layout: "E-m:e-i64:64-n32:64".into(),
+        arch: "powerpc64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions { endian: Endian::Big, mcount: "_mcount".into(), ..base },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs
index 516b2de37..75ac66c27 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/powerpc_unknown_freebsd.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::abi::Endian;
-use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, RelocModel, Target, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::freebsd_base::opts();
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         options: TargetOptions {
             endian: Endian::Big,
             features: "+secure-plt".into(),
-            relocation_model: RelocModel::Pic,
             mcount: "_mcount".into(),
             ..base
         },
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_openbsd.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_openbsd.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd10f3afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/riscv64gc_unknown_openbsd.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use crate::spec::{CodeModel, Target, TargetOptions};
+
+pub fn target() -> Target {
+    Target {
+        llvm_target: "riscv64-unknown-openbsd".into(),
+        pointer_width: 64,
+        data_layout: "e-m:e-p:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-n64-S128".into(),
+        arch: "riscv64".into(),
+        options: TargetOptions {
+            code_model: Some(CodeModel::Medium),
+            cpu: "generic-rv64".into(),
+            features: "+m,+a,+f,+d,+c".into(),
+            llvm_abiname: "lp64d".into(),
+            max_atomic_width: Some(64),
+            ..super::openbsd_base::opts()
+        },
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/tests/tests_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/tests/tests_impl.rs
index 1db6db78b..0af599916 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/tests/tests_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/tests/tests_impl.rs
@@ -2,28 +2,31 @@ use super::super::*;
 use std::assert_matches::assert_matches;
 
 // Test target self-consistency and JSON encoding/decoding roundtrip.
-pub(super) fn test_target(target: Target) {
-    target.check_consistency();
-    assert_eq!(Target::from_json(target.to_json()).map(|(j, _)| j), Ok(target));
+pub(super) fn test_target(mut target: Target, triple: &str) {
+    let recycled_target = Target::from_json(target.to_json()).map(|(j, _)| j);
+    target.update_to_cli();
+    target.check_consistency(triple);
+    assert_eq!(recycled_target, Ok(target));
 }
 
 impl Target {
-    fn check_consistency(&self) {
+    fn check_consistency(&self, triple: &str) {
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_osx, self.vendor == "apple");
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_solaris, self.os == "solaris" || self.os == "illumos");
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_windows, self.os == "windows" || self.os == "uefi");
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_wasm, self.arch == "wasm32" || self.arch == "wasm64");
-        assert!(self.is_like_windows || !self.is_like_msvc);
+        if self.is_like_msvc {
+            assert!(self.is_like_windows);
+        }
 
         // Check that default linker flavor and lld flavor are compatible
         // with some other key properties.
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_osx, matches!(self.lld_flavor, LldFlavor::Ld64));
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_msvc, matches!(self.lld_flavor, LldFlavor::Link));
         assert_eq!(self.is_like_wasm, matches!(self.lld_flavor, LldFlavor::Wasm));
-        assert_eq!(self.os == "l4re", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::L4Bender));
-        assert_eq!(self.os == "emscripten", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::Em));
-        assert_eq!(self.arch == "bpf", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::BpfLinker));
-        assert_eq!(self.arch == "nvptx64", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker));
+        assert_eq!(self.os == "emscripten", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::EmCc));
+        assert_eq!(self.arch == "bpf", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::Bpf));
+        assert_eq!(self.arch == "nvptx64", matches!(self.linker_flavor, LinkerFlavor::Ptx));
 
         for args in [
             &self.pre_link_args,
@@ -63,17 +66,14 @@ impl Target {
                             LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm) | LinkerFlavor::Gcc
                         )
                     }
-                    (LinkerFlavor::L4Bender, LldFlavor::Ld) => {
-                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::L4Bender)
-                    }
-                    (LinkerFlavor::Em, LldFlavor::Wasm) => {
-                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::Em)
+                    (LinkerFlavor::EmCc, LldFlavor::Wasm) => {
+                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::EmCc)
                     }
-                    (LinkerFlavor::BpfLinker, LldFlavor::Ld) => {
-                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::BpfLinker)
+                    (LinkerFlavor::Bpf, LldFlavor::Ld) => {
+                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::Bpf)
                     }
-                    (LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker, LldFlavor::Ld) => {
-                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::PtxLinker)
+                    (LinkerFlavor::Ptx, LldFlavor::Ld) => {
+                        assert_matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::Ptx)
                     }
                     flavors => unreachable!("unexpected flavor combination: {:?}", flavors),
                 }
@@ -94,8 +94,9 @@ impl Target {
                             check_noncc(LinkerFlavor::Ld);
                             check_noncc(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld));
                         }
+                        LldFlavor::Ld64 => check_noncc(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld64)),
                         LldFlavor::Wasm => check_noncc(LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm)),
-                        LldFlavor::Ld64 | LldFlavor::Link => {}
+                        LldFlavor::Link => {}
                     },
                     _ => {}
                 }
@@ -109,20 +110,57 @@ impl Target {
             );
         }
 
-        assert!(
-            (self.pre_link_objects_fallback.is_empty()
-                && self.post_link_objects_fallback.is_empty())
-                || self.crt_objects_fallback.is_some()
-        );
+        if self.link_self_contained == LinkSelfContainedDefault::False {
+            assert!(
+                self.pre_link_objects_self_contained.is_empty()
+                    && self.post_link_objects_self_contained.is_empty()
+            );
+        }
 
         // If your target really needs to deviate from the rules below,
         // except it and document the reasons.
         // Keep the default "unknown" vendor instead.
         assert_ne!(self.vendor, "");
+        assert_ne!(self.os, "");
         if !self.can_use_os_unknown() {
             // Keep the default "none" for bare metal targets instead.
             assert_ne!(self.os, "unknown");
         }
+
+        // Check dynamic linking stuff
+        // BPF: when targeting user space vms (like rbpf), those can load dynamic libraries.
+        if self.os == "none" && self.arch != "bpf" {
+            assert!(!self.dynamic_linking);
+        }
+        if self.only_cdylib
+            || self.crt_static_allows_dylibs
+            || !self.late_link_args_dynamic.is_empty()
+        {
+            assert!(self.dynamic_linking);
+        }
+        // Apparently PIC was slow on wasm at some point, see comments in wasm_base.rs
+        if self.dynamic_linking && !(self.is_like_wasm && self.os != "emscripten") {
+            assert_eq!(self.relocation_model, RelocModel::Pic);
+        }
+        // PIEs are supported but not enabled by default with linuxkernel target.
+        if self.position_independent_executables && !triple.ends_with("-linuxkernel") {
+            assert_eq!(self.relocation_model, RelocModel::Pic);
+        }
+        // The UEFI targets do not support dynamic linking but still require PIC (#101377).
+        if self.relocation_model == RelocModel::Pic && self.os != "uefi" {
+            assert!(self.dynamic_linking || self.position_independent_executables);
+        }
+        if self.static_position_independent_executables {
+            assert!(self.position_independent_executables);
+        }
+        if self.position_independent_executables {
+            assert!(self.executables);
+        }
+
+        // Check crt static stuff
+        if self.crt_static_default || self.crt_static_allows_dylibs {
+            assert!(self.crt_static_respected);
+        }
     }
 
     // Add your target to the whitelist if it has `std` library
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs
index 7125d141a..bdaaed8b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv4t_none_eabi.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             asm_args: cvs!["-mthumb-interwork", "-march=armv4t", "-mlittle-endian",],
 
             // minimum extra features, these cannot be disabled via -C
-            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align".into(),
+            // Also force-enable 32-bit atomics, which allows the use of atomic load/store only.
+            // The resulting atomics are ABI incompatible with atomics backed by libatomic.
+            features: "+soft-float,+strict-align,+atomics-32".into(),
 
             panic_strategy: PanicStrategy::Abort,
             relocation_model: RelocModel::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs
index 2546ab9b7..c9bb0112f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/thumbv6m_none_eabi.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
             abi: "eabi".into(),
             // The ARMv6-M architecture doesn't support unaligned loads/stores so we disable them
             // with +strict-align.
-            features: "+strict-align".into(),
+            // Also force-enable 32-bit atomics, which allows the use of atomic load/store only.
+            // The resulting atomics are ABI incompatible with atomics backed by libatomic.
+            features: "+strict-align,+atomics-32".into(),
             // There are no atomic CAS instructions available in the instruction set of the ARMv6-M
             // architecture
             atomic_cas: false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
index aee8eb2e3..99af7d85e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/uefi_msvc_base.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 // the timer-interrupt. Device-drivers are required to use polling-based models. Furthermore, all
 // code runs in the same environment, no process separation is supported.
 
-use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, StackProbeType, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::{LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy};
+use crate::spec::{StackProbeType, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut base = super::msvc_base::opts();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
index c7e7d2210..6f77ef98c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_unknown_emscripten.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // Reset flags for non-Em flavors back to empty to satisfy sanity checking tests.
     let pre_link_args = LinkArgs::new();
     let post_link_args = TargetOptions::link_args(
-        LinkerFlavor::Em,
+        LinkerFlavor::EmCc,
         &["-sABORTING_MALLOC=0", "-Wl,--fatal-warnings"],
     );
 
     let opts = TargetOptions {
         os: "emscripten".into(),
-        linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Em,
+        linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::EmCc,
         // emcc emits two files - a .js file to instantiate the wasm and supply platform
         // functionality, and a .wasm file.
         exe_suffix: ".js".into(),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs
index 280457d68..9c30487f4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm32_wasi.rs
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     options.linker_flavor = LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Wasm);
     options.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["--target=wasm32-wasi"]);
 
-    options.pre_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::pre_wasi_fallback();
-    options.post_link_objects_fallback = crt_objects::post_wasi_fallback();
+    options.pre_link_objects_self_contained = crt_objects::pre_wasi_self_contained();
+    options.post_link_objects_self_contained = crt_objects::post_wasi_self_contained();
 
     // Right now this is a bit of a workaround but we're currently saying that
     // the target by default has a static crt which we're taking as a signal
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs
index 9216d3e7b..28a07701e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/wasm_base.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::crt_objects::CrtObjectsFallback;
+use super::crt_objects::LinkSelfContainedDefault;
 use super::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, TargetOptions, TlsModel};
 
 pub fn options() -> TargetOptions {
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ pub fn options() -> TargetOptions {
 
         pre_link_args,
 
-        crt_objects_fallback: Some(CrtObjectsFallback::Wasm),
+        // FIXME: Figure out cases in which WASM needs to link with a native toolchain.
+        link_self_contained: LinkSelfContainedDefault::True,
 
         // This has no effect in LLVM 8 or prior, but in LLVM 9 and later when
         // PIC code is implemented this has quite a drastic effect if it stays
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
index 90e0af3e3..81d44a963 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnu_base.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use crate::spec::crt_objects::{self, CrtObjectsFallback};
-use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, TargetOptions};
+use crate::spec::crt_objects::{self, LinkSelfContainedDefault};
+use crate::spec::{cvs, DebuginfoKind, LinkerFlavor, SplitDebuginfo, TargetOptions};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     let mut pre_link_args = TargetOptions::link_args(
@@ -76,9 +77,9 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         pre_link_args,
         pre_link_objects: crt_objects::pre_mingw(),
         post_link_objects: crt_objects::post_mingw(),
-        pre_link_objects_fallback: crt_objects::pre_mingw_fallback(),
-        post_link_objects_fallback: crt_objects::post_mingw_fallback(),
-        crt_objects_fallback: Some(CrtObjectsFallback::Mingw),
+        pre_link_objects_self_contained: crt_objects::pre_mingw_self_contained(),
+        post_link_objects_self_contained: crt_objects::post_mingw_self_contained(),
+        link_self_contained: LinkSelfContainedDefault::Mingw,
         late_link_args,
         late_link_args_dynamic,
         late_link_args_static,
@@ -86,6 +87,10 @@ pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
         emit_debug_gdb_scripts: false,
         requires_uwtable: true,
         eh_frame_header: false,
+        // FIXME(davidtwco): Support Split DWARF on Windows GNU - may require LLVM changes to
+        // output DWO, despite using DWARF, doesn't use ELF..
+        debuginfo_kind: DebuginfoKind::Pdb,
+        supported_split_debuginfo: Cow::Borrowed(&[SplitDebuginfo::Off]),
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnullvm_base.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnullvm_base.rs
index bae007dc9..f30be2549 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnullvm_base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/windows_gnullvm_base.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::spec::{cvs, LinkerFlavor, TargetOptions};
 pub fn opts() -> TargetOptions {
     // We cannot use `-nodefaultlibs` because compiler-rt has to be passed
     // as a path since it's not added to linker search path by the default.
-    // There were attemts to make it behave like libgcc (so one can just use -l<name>)
+    // There were attempts to make it behave like libgcc (so one can just use -l<name>)
     // but LLVM maintainers rejected it: https://reviews.llvm.org/D51440
     let pre_link_args =
         TargetOptions::link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-nolibc", "--unwindlib=none"]);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs
index dbd26899c..176c9dd6b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_apple_darwin.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ use crate::spec::TargetOptions;
 use crate::spec::{FramePointer, LinkerFlavor, SanitizerSet, StackProbeType, Target};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
-    let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos");
+    let arch = "x86_64";
+    let mut base = super::apple_base::opts("macos", arch, "");
     base.cpu = "core2".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(128); // core2 support cmpxchg16b
     base.frame_pointer = FramePointer::Always;
-    base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-m64", "-arch", "x86_64"]);
+    base.add_pre_link_args(LinkerFlavor::Gcc, &["-m64"]);
     base.link_env_remove.to_mut().extend(super::apple_base::macos_link_env_remove());
     // don't use probe-stack=inline-asm until rust#83139 and rust#84667 are resolved
     base.stack_probes = StackProbeType::Call;
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     // Clang automatically chooses a more specific target based on
     // MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET.  To enable cross-language LTO to work
     // correctly, we do too.
-    let arch = "x86_64";
     let llvm_target = super::apple_base::macos_llvm_target(&arch);
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs
index 78189a0c0..26da7e800 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_l4re_uclibc.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
     let mut base = super::l4re_base::opts();
     base.cpu = "x86-64".into();
     base.max_atomic_width = Some(64);
-    base.crt_static_allows_dylibs = false;
-    base.dynamic_linking = false;
     base.panic_strategy = PanicStrategy::Abort;
 
     Target {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs
index 809fd642d..b9a345127 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/x86_64_unknown_none.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
 // `target-cpu` compiler flags to opt-in more hardware-specific
 // features.
 
-use super::{
-    CodeModel, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy, RelocModel, RelroLevel, StackProbeType,
-    Target, TargetOptions,
-};
+use super::{CodeModel, LinkerFlavor, LldFlavor, PanicStrategy};
+use super::{RelroLevel, StackProbeType, Target, TargetOptions};
 
 pub fn target() -> Target {
     let opts = TargetOptions {
@@ -18,7 +16,6 @@ pub fn target() -> Target {
         position_independent_executables: true,
         static_position_independent_executables: true,
         relro_level: RelroLevel::Full,
-        relocation_model: RelocModel::Pic,
         linker_flavor: LinkerFlavor::Lld(LldFlavor::Ld),
         linker: Some("rust-lld".into()),
         features: