Adding upstream version 1.64.0+dfsg1.upstream/1.64.0+dfsg1

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

11 files changed, 2289 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/.cargo-checksum.json b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/.cargo-checksum.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19a48c7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/.cargo-checksum.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"files":{"CHANGELOG.md":"a89928f51b2c7899a897b0f0864b8071c4a35efa353a5d8dd54b1c19621b9aa1","Cargo.lock":"9d2daf6059412a3ff3d7e0aadb74c92d6be8d400d9b38d671246378675d48c38","Cargo.toml":"864c720597df45669fbc7a5bf1150212a813ba5a0b92a87bc52c442bb4e33102","LICENSE-APACHE":"04ea4849dba9dcae07113850c6f1b1a69052c625210639914eee352023f750ad","LICENSE-MIT":"e9116f7228fce981d81aa680ae1add0cfb8122c35d801c4664d3d674ad0beda8","README.md":"4e70c39451ff48d9b60e2a0db4754fefc2fe349149b4baf4747ca3556ac7ae15","examples/cat.rs":"ab0b575d19662e2d5b6c7cea2756b57530e495d56acdb4fd2b56c0ba4d768dfd","src/lib.rs":"bc2563ca78e820217366df7c0065938f65c318e8a09e6202652c78efb6b8539e","src/unix.rs":"7fe62be97f49a9225e52d59cdb1a576be868996ab26c4ab445e4b12dc15d6b09","src/windows.rs":"73e7ef54c44a2af917d2f733f4ba3abc7c293653c40f06a10a61bcf3f2757ef5"},"package":"04e3e85b970d650e2ae6d70592474087051c11c54da7f7b4949725c5735fbcc6"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/CHANGELOG.md b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..258be14c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Change Log
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/)
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+## 0.2.1 - 2021-02-08
+### Added
+- `MmapOptions::map_raw` and `MmapRaw`. [@diwic](https://github.com/diwic).
+
+## 0.2.0 - 2020-12-19
+### Changed
+- MSRV is 1.31 now (edition 2018).
+- Make anonymous memory maps private by default on unix. Thanks to [@CensoredUsername](https://github.com/CensoredUsername).
+- Add `map_copy_read_only`. [@zserik](https://github.com/zserik).
+
+## 0.1.0 - 2020-01-18
+### Added
+- Fork [memmap-rs](https://github.com/danburkert/memmap-rs).
+
+### Changed
+- Use `LICENSE-APACHE` instead of `README.md` for some tests since it's immutable.
+
+### Removed
+- `winapi` dependency. [memmap-rs/pull/89](https://github.com/danburkert/memmap-rs/pull/89)
+
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/RazrFalcon/memmap2-rs/compare/v0.2.1...HEAD
+[0.2.1]: https://github.com/RazrFalcon/memmap2-rs/compare/v0.2.0...v0.2.1
+[0.2.0]: https://github.com/RazrFalcon/memmap2-rs/compare/v0.1.0...v0.2.0
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/Cargo.lock b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76c7131c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+[[package]]
+name = "fuchsia-cprng"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a06f77d526c1a601b7c4cdd98f54b5eaabffc14d5f2f0296febdc7f357c6d3ba"
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "memmap2"
+version = "0.2.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "tempdir",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "552840b97013b1a26992c11eac34bdd778e464601a4c2054b5f0bff7c6761293"
+dependencies = [
+ "fuchsia-cprng",
+ "libc",
+ "rand_core 0.3.1",
+ "rdrand",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a6fdeb83b075e8266dcc8762c22776f6877a63111121f5f8c7411e5be7eed4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.4.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c33a3c44ca05fa6f1807d8e6743f3824e8509beca625669633be0acbdf509dc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rdrand"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "678054eb77286b51581ba43620cc911abf02758c91f93f479767aed0f90458b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.3.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "remove_dir_all"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4a83fa3702a688b9359eccba92d153ac33fd2e8462f9e0e3fdf155239ea7792e"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tempdir"
+version = "0.3.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "15f2b5fb00ccdf689e0149d1b1b3c03fead81c2b37735d812fa8bddbbf41b6d8"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand",
+ "remove_dir_all",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.3.8"
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+checksum = "8093091eeb260906a183e6ae1abdba2ef5ef2257a21801128899c3fc699229c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/Cargo.toml b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1765b84cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies
+#
+# If you believe there's an error in this file please file an
+# issue against the rust-lang/cargo repository. If you're
+# editing this file be aware that the upstream Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable)
+
+[package]
+edition = "2018"
+name = "memmap2"
+version = "0.2.1"
+authors = ["Dan Burkert <dan@danburkert.com>", "Evgeniy Reizner <razrfalcon@gmail.com>"]
+description = "Cross-platform Rust API for memory-mapped file IO"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/memmap2"
+keywords = ["mmap", "memory-map", "io", "file"]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/RazrFalcon/memmap2-rs"
+[dev-dependencies.tempdir]
+version = "0.3"
+[target."cfg(unix)".dependencies.libc]
+version = "0.2"
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/LICENSE-APACHE b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7be3d81ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                              Apache License
+                        Version 2.0, January 2004
+                     http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
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+   for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+   for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+   reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+   the conditions stated in this License.
+
+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+   any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+   by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+   this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+   Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+   the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+   with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+   names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+   except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+   origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
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+7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+   agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+   Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+   implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+   of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+   PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+   appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+   risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+   whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+   unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+   negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+   liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+   incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+   result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+   Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+   work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+   other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+   has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+   the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+   and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+   or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+   License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+   on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+   of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+   defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+   incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+   of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+   To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+   boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+   replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+   the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+   comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+   file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+   same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
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+
+Copyright [2015] [Dan Burkert]
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/LICENSE-MIT b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cc9371f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Copyright (c) 2020 Evgeniy Reizner
+Copyright (c) 2015 Dan Burkert
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/README.md b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67490933c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# memmap2
+![Build Status](https://github.com/RazrFalcon/memmap2-rs/workflows/Rust/badge.svg)
+[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/memmap2.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/memmap2)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/memmap2/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/memmap2)
+[![Rust 1.31+](https://img.shields.io/badge/rust-1.31+-orange.svg)](https://www.rust-lang.org)
+
+A Rust library for cross-platform memory mapped IO.
+
+This is a **fork** of the [memmap-rs](https://github.com/danburkert/memmap-rs) crate.
+
+## Features
+
+- [x] file-backed memory maps
+- [x] anonymous memory maps
+- [x] synchronous and asynchronous flushing
+- [x] copy-on-write memory maps
+- [x] read-only memory maps
+- [x] stack support (`MAP_STACK` on unix)
+- [x] executable memory maps
+- [ ] huge page support
+
+A list of supported/tested targets can be found in [Actions](https://github.com/RazrFalcon/memmap2-rs/actions).
+
+## License
+
+`memmap2` is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the
+Apache License (Version 2.0).
+
+See [LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE), [LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) for details.
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Evgeniy Reizner
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Dan Burkert
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/examples/cat.rs b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/examples/cat.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34599af2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/examples/cat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+extern crate memmap2;
+
+use std::env;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+
+use memmap2::Mmap;
+
+/// Output a file's contents to stdout. The file path must be provided as the first process
+/// argument.
+fn main() {
+    let path = env::args()
+        .nth(1)
+        .expect("supply a single path as the program argument");
+
+    let file = File::open(path).expect("failed to open the file");
+
+    let mmap = unsafe { Mmap::map(&file).expect("failed to map the file") };
+
+    io::stdout()
+        .write_all(&mmap[..])
+        .expect("failed to output the file contents");
+}
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/lib.rs b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b408ba8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@
+//! A cross-platform Rust API for memory mapped buffers.
+
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/memmap2/0.2.1")]
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+mod windows;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use windows::MmapInner;
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+mod unix;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use crate::unix::MmapInner;
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::slice;
+use std::usize;
+
+/// A memory map builder, providing advanced options and flags for specifying memory map behavior.
+///
+/// `MmapOptions` can be used to create an anonymous memory map using [`map_anon()`], or a
+/// file-backed memory map using one of [`map()`], [`map_mut()`], [`map_exec()`],
+/// [`map_copy()`], or [`map_copy_read_only()`].
+///
+/// ## Safety
+///
+/// All file-backed memory map constructors are marked `unsafe` because of the potential for
+/// *Undefined Behavior* (UB) using the map if the underlying file is subsequently modified, in or
+/// out of process. Applications must consider the risk and take appropriate precautions when
+/// using file-backed maps. Solutions such as file permissions, locks or process-private (e.g.
+/// unlinked) files exist but are platform specific and limited.
+///
+/// [`map_anon()`]: MmapOptions::map_anon()
+/// [`map()`]: MmapOptions::map()
+/// [`map_mut()`]: MmapOptions::map_mut()
+/// [`map_exec()`]: MmapOptions::map_exec()
+/// [`map_copy()`]: MmapOptions::map_copy()
+/// [`map_copy_read_only()`]: MmapOptions::map_copy_read_only()
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct MmapOptions {
+    offset: u64,
+    len: Option<usize>,
+    stack: bool,
+}
+
+impl MmapOptions {
+    /// Creates a new set of options for configuring and creating a memory map.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::{MmapMut, MmapOptions};
+    /// # use std::io::Result;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    /// // Create a new memory map builder.
+    /// let mut mmap_options = MmapOptions::new();
+    ///
+    /// // Configure the memory map builder using option setters, then create
+    /// // a memory map using one of `mmap_options.map_anon`, `mmap_options.map`,
+    /// // `mmap_options.map_mut`, `mmap_options.map_exec`, or `mmap_options.map_copy`:
+    /// let mut mmap: MmapMut = mmap_options.len(36).map_anon()?;
+    ///
+    /// // Use the memory map:
+    /// mmap.copy_from_slice(b"...data to copy to the memory map...");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn new() -> MmapOptions {
+        MmapOptions::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Configures the memory map to start at byte `offset` from the beginning of the file.
+    ///
+    /// This option has no effect on anonymous memory maps.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the offset is 0.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let mmap = unsafe {
+    ///     MmapOptions::new()
+    ///                 .offset(30)
+    ///                 .map(&File::open("LICENSE-APACHE")?)?
+    /// };
+    /// assert_eq!(&b"Apache License"[..],
+    ///            &mmap[..14]);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn offset(&mut self, offset: u64) -> &mut Self {
+        self.offset = offset;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Configures the created memory mapped buffer to be `len` bytes long.
+    ///
+    /// This option is mandatory for anonymous memory maps.
+    ///
+    /// For file-backed memory maps, the length will default to the file length.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let mmap = unsafe {
+    ///     MmapOptions::new()
+    ///                 .len(9)
+    ///                 .map(&File::open("README.md")?)?
+    /// };
+    /// assert_eq!(&b"# memmap2"[..], &mmap[..]);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn len(&mut self, len: usize) -> &mut Self {
+        self.len = Some(len);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the configured length, or the length of the provided file.
+    fn get_len(&self, file: &File) -> Result<usize> {
+        self.len.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            let len = file.metadata()?.len() - self.offset;
+            if len > (usize::MAX as u64) {
+                return Err(Error::new(
+                    ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                    "memory map length overflows usize",
+                ));
+            }
+            Ok(len as usize)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Configures the anonymous memory map to be suitable for a process or thread stack.
+    ///
+    /// This option corresponds to the `MAP_STACK` flag on Linux.
+    ///
+    /// This option has no effect on file-backed memory maps.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let stack = MmapOptions::new().stack().len(4096).map_anon();
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn stack(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.stack = true;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a read-only memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// use std::io::Read;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let mut file = File::open("LICENSE-APACHE")?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut contents = Vec::new();
+    /// file.read_to_end(&mut contents)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mmap = unsafe {
+    ///     MmapOptions::new().map(&file)?
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(&contents[..], &mmap[..]);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn map(&self, file: &File) -> Result<Mmap> {
+        MmapInner::map(self.get_len(file)?, file, self.offset).map(|inner| Mmap { inner: inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a readable and executable memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read permissions.
+    pub unsafe fn map_exec(&self, file: &File) -> Result<Mmap> {
+        MmapInner::map_exec(self.get_len(file)?, file, self.offset)
+            .map(|inner| Mmap { inner: inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a writeable memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read and write permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # extern crate memmap2;
+    /// # extern crate tempdir;
+    /// #
+    /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    ///
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    /// #
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// # let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap")?;
+    /// let path: PathBuf = /* path to file */
+    /// #   tempdir.path().join("map_mut");
+    /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).create(true).open(&path)?;
+    /// file.set_len(13)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut mmap = unsafe {
+    ///     MmapOptions::new().map_mut(&file)?
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// mmap.copy_from_slice(b"Hello, world!");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn map_mut(&self, file: &File) -> Result<MmapMut> {
+        MmapInner::map_mut(self.get_len(file)?, file, self.offset)
+            .map(|inner| MmapMut { inner: inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a copy-on-write memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// Data written to the memory map will not be visible by other processes,
+    /// and will not be carried through to the underlying file.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with writable permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// use std::io::Write;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let file = File::open("LICENSE-APACHE")?;
+    /// let mut mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map_copy(&file)? };
+    /// (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn map_copy(&self, file: &File) -> Result<MmapMut> {
+        MmapInner::map_copy(self.get_len(file)?, file, self.offset)
+            .map(|inner| MmapMut { inner: inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a copy-on-write read-only memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// use std::io::Read;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let mut file = File::open("README.md")?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut contents = Vec::new();
+    /// file.read_to_end(&mut contents)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mmap = unsafe {
+    ///     MmapOptions::new().map_copy_read_only(&file)?
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(&contents[..], &mmap[..]);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn map_copy_read_only(&self, file: &File) -> Result<Mmap> {
+        MmapInner::map_copy_read_only(self.get_len(file)?, file, self.offset)
+            .map(|inner| Mmap { inner: inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an anonymous memory map.
+    ///
+    /// Note: the memory map length must be configured to be greater than 0 before creating an
+    /// anonymous memory map using `MmapOptions::len()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails.
+    pub fn map_anon(&self) -> Result<MmapMut> {
+        MmapInner::map_anon(self.len.unwrap_or(0), self.stack).map(|inner| MmapMut { inner: inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a raw memory map.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read and write permissions.
+    pub fn map_raw(&self, file: &File) -> Result<MmapRaw> {
+        MmapInner::map_mut(self.get_len(file)?, file, self.offset)
+            .map(|inner| MmapRaw { inner: inner })
+    }
+}
+
+/// A handle to an immutable memory mapped buffer.
+///
+/// A `Mmap` may be backed by a file, or it can be anonymous map, backed by volatile memory. Use
+/// [`MmapOptions`] or [`map()`] to create a file-backed memory map. To create an immutable
+/// anonymous memory map, first create a mutable anonymous memory map, and then make it immutable
+/// with [`MmapMut::make_read_only()`].
+///
+/// A file backed `Mmap` is created by `&File` reference, and will remain valid even after the
+/// `File` is dropped. In other words, the `Mmap` handle is completely independent of the `File`
+/// used to create it. For consistency, on some platforms this is achieved by duplicating the
+/// underlying file handle. The memory will be unmapped when the `Mmap` handle is dropped.
+///
+/// Dereferencing and accessing the bytes of the buffer may result in page faults (e.g. swapping
+/// the mapped pages into physical memory) though the details of this are platform specific.
+///
+/// `Mmap` is [`Sync`](std::marker::Sync) and [`Send`](std::marker::Send).
+///
+/// ## Safety
+///
+/// All file-backed memory map constructors are marked `unsafe` because of the potential for
+/// *Undefined Behavior* (UB) using the map if the underlying file is subsequently modified, in or
+/// out of process. Applications must consider the risk and take appropriate precautions when using
+/// file-backed maps. Solutions such as file permissions, locks or process-private (e.g. unlinked)
+/// files exist but are platform specific and limited.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use memmap2::MmapOptions;
+/// use std::io::Write;
+/// use std::fs::File;
+///
+/// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+/// let file = File::open("README.md")?;
+/// let mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map(&file)? };
+/// assert_eq!(b"# memmap2", &mmap[0..9]);
+/// # Ok(())
+/// # }
+/// ```
+///
+/// See [`MmapMut`] for the mutable version.
+///
+/// [`map()`]: Mmap::map()
+pub struct Mmap {
+    inner: MmapInner,
+}
+
+impl Mmap {
+    /// Creates a read-only memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to calling `MmapOptions::new().map(file)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::fs::File;
+    /// use std::io::Read;
+    ///
+    /// use memmap2::Mmap;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let mut file = File::open("LICENSE-APACHE")?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut contents = Vec::new();
+    /// file.read_to_end(&mut contents)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mmap = unsafe { Mmap::map(&file)?  };
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(&contents[..], &mmap[..]);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn map(file: &File) -> Result<Mmap> {
+        MmapOptions::new().map(file)
+    }
+
+    /// Transition the memory map to be writable.
+    ///
+    /// If the memory map is file-backed, the file must have been opened with write permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with writable permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # extern crate memmap2;
+    /// # extern crate tempdir;
+    /// #
+    /// use memmap2::Mmap;
+    /// use std::ops::DerefMut;
+    /// use std::io::Write;
+    /// # use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// # let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap")?;
+    /// let file = /* file opened with write permissions */
+    /// #          OpenOptions::new()
+    /// #                      .read(true)
+    /// #                      .write(true)
+    /// #                      .create(true)
+    /// #                      .open(tempdir.path()
+    /// #                      .join("make_mut"))?;
+    /// # file.set_len(128)?;
+    /// let mmap = unsafe { Mmap::map(&file)? };
+    /// // ... use the read-only memory map ...
+    /// let mut mut_mmap = mmap.make_mut()?;
+    /// mut_mmap.deref_mut().write_all(b"hello, world!")?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn make_mut(mut self) -> Result<MmapMut> {
+        self.inner.make_mut()?;
+        Ok(MmapMut { inner: self.inner })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for Mmap {
+    type Target = [u8];
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.inner.ptr(), self.inner.len()) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for Mmap {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.deref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Mmap {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt.debug_struct("Mmap")
+            .field("ptr", &self.as_ptr())
+            .field("len", &self.len())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A handle to a raw memory mapped buffer.
+///
+/// This struct never hands out references to its interior, only raw pointers.
+/// This can be helpful when creating shared memory maps between untrusted processes.
+pub struct MmapRaw {
+    inner: MmapInner,
+}
+
+impl MmapRaw {
+    /// Creates a writeable memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to calling `MmapOptions::new().map_raw(file)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read and write permissions.
+    pub fn map_raw(file: &File) -> Result<MmapRaw> {
+        MmapOptions::new().map_raw(file)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a raw pointer to the memory mapped file.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// To safely dereference this pointer, you need to make sure that the file has not been
+    /// truncated since the memory map was created.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8 { self.inner.ptr() }
+
+    /// Returns an unsafe mutable pointer to the memory mapped file.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// To safely dereference this pointer, you need to make sure that the file has not been
+    /// truncated since the memory map was created.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_mut_ptr(&self) -> *mut u8 { self.inner.ptr() as _ }
+
+    /// Returns the length in bytes of the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// Note that truncating the file can cause the length to change (and render this value unusable).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.inner.len() }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for MmapRaw {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt.debug_struct("MmapRaw")
+            .field("ptr", &self.as_ptr())
+            .field("len", &self.len())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A handle to a mutable memory mapped buffer.
+///
+/// A file-backed `MmapMut` buffer may be used to read from or write to a file. An anonymous
+/// `MmapMut` buffer may be used any place that an in-memory byte buffer is needed. Use
+/// [`MmapMut::map_mut()`] and [`MmapMut::map_anon()`] to create a mutable memory map of the
+/// respective types, or [`MmapOptions::map_mut()`] and [`MmapOptions::map_anon()`] if non-default
+/// options are required.
+///
+/// A file backed `MmapMut` is created by `&File` reference, and will remain valid even after the
+/// `File` is dropped. In other words, the `MmapMut` handle is completely independent of the `File`
+/// used to create it. For consistency, on some platforms this is achieved by duplicating the
+/// underlying file handle. The memory will be unmapped when the `MmapMut` handle is dropped.
+///
+/// Dereferencing and accessing the bytes of the buffer may result in page faults (e.g. swapping
+/// the mapped pages into physical memory) though the details of this are platform specific.
+///
+/// `Mmap` is [`Sync`](std::marker::Sync) and [`Send`](std::marker::Send).
+///
+/// See [`Mmap`] for the immutable version.
+///
+/// ## Safety
+///
+/// All file-backed memory map constructors are marked `unsafe` because of the potential for
+/// *Undefined Behavior* (UB) using the map if the underlying file is subsequently modified, in or
+/// out of process. Applications must consider the risk and take appropriate precautions when using
+/// file-backed maps. Solutions such as file permissions, locks or process-private (e.g. unlinked)
+/// files exist but are platform specific and limited.
+pub struct MmapMut {
+    inner: MmapInner,
+}
+
+impl MmapMut {
+    /// Creates a writeable memory map backed by a file.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to calling `MmapOptions::new().map_mut(file)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file is not open with read and write permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # extern crate memmap2;
+    /// # extern crate tempdir;
+    /// #
+    /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    ///
+    /// use memmap2::MmapMut;
+    /// #
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// # let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap")?;
+    /// let path: PathBuf = /* path to file */
+    /// #   tempdir.path().join("map_mut");
+    /// let file = OpenOptions::new()
+    ///                        .read(true)
+    ///                        .write(true)
+    ///                        .create(true)
+    ///                        .open(&path)?;
+    /// file.set_len(13)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut mmap = unsafe { MmapMut::map_mut(&file)? };
+    ///
+    /// mmap.copy_from_slice(b"Hello, world!");
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub unsafe fn map_mut(file: &File) -> Result<MmapMut> {
+        MmapOptions::new().map_mut(file)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an anonymous memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This is equivalent to calling `MmapOptions::new().len(length).map_anon()`.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails.
+    pub fn map_anon(length: usize) -> Result<MmapMut> {
+        MmapOptions::new().len(length).map_anon()
+    }
+
+    /// Flushes outstanding memory map modifications to disk.
+    ///
+    /// When this method returns with a non-error result, all outstanding changes to a file-backed
+    /// memory map are guaranteed to be durably stored. The file's metadata (including last
+    /// modification timestamp) may not be updated.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # extern crate memmap2;
+    /// # extern crate tempdir;
+    /// #
+    /// use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+    /// use std::io::Write;
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    ///
+    /// use memmap2::MmapMut;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// # let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap")?;
+    /// let path: PathBuf = /* path to file */
+    /// #   tempdir.path().join("flush");
+    /// let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).create(true).open(&path)?;
+    /// file.set_len(128)?;
+    ///
+    /// let mut mmap = unsafe { MmapMut::map_mut(&file)? };
+    ///
+    /// (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(b"Hello, world!")?;
+    /// mmap.flush()?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn flush(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let len = self.len();
+        self.inner.flush(0, len)
+    }
+
+    /// Asynchronously flushes outstanding memory map modifications to disk.
+    ///
+    /// This method initiates flushing modified pages to durable storage, but it will not wait for
+    /// the operation to complete before returning. The file's metadata (including last
+    /// modification timestamp) may not be updated.
+    pub fn flush_async(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let len = self.len();
+        self.inner.flush_async(0, len)
+    }
+
+    /// Flushes outstanding memory map modifications in the range to disk.
+    ///
+    /// The offset and length must be in the bounds of the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// When this method returns with a non-error result, all outstanding changes to a file-backed
+    /// memory in the range are guaranteed to be durable stored. The file's metadata (including
+    /// last modification timestamp) may not be updated. It is not guaranteed the only the changes
+    /// in the specified range are flushed; other outstanding changes to the memory map may be
+    /// flushed as well.
+    pub fn flush_range(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.inner.flush(offset, len)
+    }
+
+    /// Asynchronously flushes outstanding memory map modifications in the range to disk.
+    ///
+    /// The offset and length must be in the bounds of the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This method initiates flushing modified pages to durable storage, but it will not wait for
+    /// the operation to complete before returning. The file's metadata (including last
+    /// modification timestamp) may not be updated. It is not guaranteed that the only changes
+    /// flushed are those in the specified range; other outstanding changes to the memory map may
+    /// be flushed as well.
+    pub fn flush_async_range(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.inner.flush_async(offset, len)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns an immutable version of this memory mapped buffer.
+    ///
+    /// If the memory map is file-backed, the file must have been opened with read permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file has not been opened with read permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # extern crate memmap2;
+    /// #
+    /// use std::io::Write;
+    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+    ///
+    /// use memmap2::{Mmap, MmapMut};
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    /// let mut mmap = MmapMut::map_anon(128)?;
+    ///
+    /// (&mut mmap[..]).write(b"Hello, world!")?;
+    ///
+    /// let mmap: Mmap = mmap.make_read_only()?;
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn make_read_only(mut self) -> Result<Mmap> {
+        self.inner.make_read_only()?;
+        Ok(Mmap { inner: self.inner })
+    }
+
+    /// Transition the memory map to be readable and executable.
+    ///
+    /// If the memory map is file-backed, the file must have been opened with execute permissions.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// This method returns an error when the underlying system call fails, which can happen for a
+    /// variety of reasons, such as when the file has not been opened with execute permissions.
+    pub fn make_exec(mut self) -> Result<Mmap> {
+        self.inner.make_exec()?;
+        Ok(Mmap { inner: self.inner })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for MmapMut {
+    type Target = [u8];
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.inner.ptr(), self.inner.len()) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for MmapMut {
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.inner.mut_ptr(), self.inner.len()) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for MmapMut {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.deref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsMut<[u8]> for MmapMut {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        self.deref_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for MmapMut {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt.debug_struct("MmapMut")
+            .field("ptr", &self.as_ptr())
+            .field("len", &self.len())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    extern crate tempdir;
+
+    use std::fs::OpenOptions;
+    use std::io::{Read, Write};
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    use std::os::windows::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::thread;
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    const GENERIC_ALL: u32 = 0x10000000;
+
+    use super::{Mmap, MmapMut, MmapOptions};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_file() {
+        let expected_len = 128;
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        file.set_len(expected_len as u64).unwrap();
+
+        let mut mmap = unsafe { MmapMut::map_mut(&file).unwrap() };
+        let len = mmap.len();
+        assert_eq!(expected_len, len);
+
+        let zeros = vec![0; len];
+        let incr: Vec<u8> = (0..len as u8).collect();
+
+        // check that the mmap is empty
+        assert_eq!(&zeros[..], &mmap[..]);
+
+        // write values into the mmap
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(&incr[..]).unwrap();
+
+        // read values back
+        assert_eq!(&incr[..], &mmap[..]);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that a 0-length file will not be mapped.
+    #[test]
+    fn map_empty_file() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+        let mmap = unsafe { Mmap::map(&file) };
+        assert!(mmap.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_anon() {
+        let expected_len = 128;
+        let mut mmap = MmapMut::map_anon(expected_len).unwrap();
+        let len = mmap.len();
+        assert_eq!(expected_len, len);
+
+        let zeros = vec![0; len];
+        let incr: Vec<u8> = (0..len as u8).collect();
+
+        // check that the mmap is empty
+        assert_eq!(&zeros[..], &mmap[..]);
+
+        // write values into the mmap
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(&incr[..]).unwrap();
+
+        // read values back
+        assert_eq!(&incr[..], &mmap[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_anon_zero_len() {
+        assert!(MmapOptions::new().map_anon().is_err())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn file_write() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+        file.set_len(128).unwrap();
+
+        let write = b"abc123";
+        let mut read = [0u8; 6];
+
+        let mut mmap = unsafe { MmapMut::map_mut(&file).unwrap() };
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(write).unwrap();
+        mmap.flush().unwrap();
+
+        file.read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(write, &read);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn flush_range() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+        file.set_len(128).unwrap();
+        let write = b"abc123";
+
+        let mut mmap = unsafe {
+            MmapOptions::new()
+                .offset(2)
+                .len(write.len())
+                .map_mut(&file)
+                .unwrap()
+        };
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(write).unwrap();
+        mmap.flush_range(0, write.len()).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_copy() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+        file.set_len(128).unwrap();
+
+        let nulls = b"\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+        let write = b"abc123";
+        let mut read = [0u8; 6];
+
+        let mut mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map_copy(&file).unwrap() };
+
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write(write).unwrap();
+        mmap.flush().unwrap();
+
+        // The mmap contains the write
+        (&mmap[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(write, &read);
+
+        // The file does not contain the write
+        file.read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nulls, &read);
+
+        // another mmap does not contain the write
+        let mmap2 = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map(&file).unwrap() };
+        (&mmap2[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nulls, &read);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_copy_read_only() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+        file.set_len(128).unwrap();
+
+        let nulls = b"\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+        let mut read = [0u8; 6];
+
+        let mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map_copy_read_only(&file).unwrap() };
+        (&mmap[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nulls, &read);
+
+        let mmap2 = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map(&file).unwrap() };
+        (&mmap2[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nulls, &read);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_offset() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let offset = u32::max_value() as u64 + 2;
+        let len = 5432;
+        file.set_len(offset + len as u64).unwrap();
+
+        // Check inferred length mmap.
+        let mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().offset(offset).map_mut(&file).unwrap() };
+        assert_eq!(len, mmap.len());
+
+        // Check explicit length mmap.
+        let mut mmap = unsafe {
+            MmapOptions::new()
+                .offset(offset)
+                .len(len)
+                .map_mut(&file)
+                .unwrap()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(len, mmap.len());
+
+        let zeros = vec![0; len];
+        let incr: Vec<_> = (0..len).map(|i| i as u8).collect();
+
+        // check that the mmap is empty
+        assert_eq!(&zeros[..], &mmap[..]);
+
+        // write values into the mmap
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write_all(&incr[..]).unwrap();
+
+        // read values back
+        assert_eq!(&incr[..], &mmap[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn index() {
+        let mut mmap = MmapMut::map_anon(128).unwrap();
+        mmap[0] = 42;
+        assert_eq!(42, mmap[0]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sync_send() {
+        let mmap = Arc::new(MmapMut::map_anon(129).unwrap());
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            &mmap[..];
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
+    fn jit_x86(mut mmap: MmapMut) {
+        use std::mem;
+        mmap[0] = 0xB8; // mov eax, 0xAB
+        mmap[1] = 0xAB;
+        mmap[2] = 0x00;
+        mmap[3] = 0x00;
+        mmap[4] = 0x00;
+        mmap[5] = 0xC3; // ret
+
+        let mmap = mmap.make_exec().expect("make_exec");
+
+        let jitfn: extern "C" fn() -> u8 = unsafe { mem::transmute(mmap.as_ptr()) };
+        assert_eq!(jitfn(), 0xab);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
+    fn jit_x86_anon() {
+        jit_x86(MmapMut::map_anon(4096).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
+    fn jit_x86_file() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        options.access_mode(GENERIC_ALL);
+
+        let file = options
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&tempdir.path().join("jit_x86"))
+            .expect("open");
+
+        file.set_len(4096).expect("set_len");
+        jit_x86(unsafe { MmapMut::map_mut(&file).expect("map_mut") });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mprotect_file() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        options.access_mode(GENERIC_ALL);
+
+        let mut file = options
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .expect("open");
+        file.set_len(256 as u64).expect("set_len");
+
+        let mmap = unsafe { MmapMut::map_mut(&file).expect("map_mut") };
+
+        let mmap = mmap.make_read_only().expect("make_read_only");
+        let mut mmap = mmap.make_mut().expect("make_mut");
+
+        let write = b"abc123";
+        let mut read = [0u8; 6];
+
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write(write).unwrap();
+        mmap.flush().unwrap();
+
+        // The mmap contains the write
+        (&mmap[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(write, &read);
+
+        // The file should contain the write
+        file.read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(write, &read);
+
+        // another mmap should contain the write
+        let mmap2 = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map(&file).unwrap() };
+        (&mmap2[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(write, &read);
+
+        let mmap = mmap.make_exec().expect("make_exec");
+
+        drop(mmap);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mprotect_copy() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmap");
+
+        let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        options.access_mode(GENERIC_ALL);
+
+        let mut file = options
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .expect("open");
+        file.set_len(256 as u64).expect("set_len");
+
+        let mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map_copy(&file).expect("map_mut") };
+
+        let mmap = mmap.make_read_only().expect("make_read_only");
+        let mut mmap = mmap.make_mut().expect("make_mut");
+
+        let nulls = b"\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+        let write = b"abc123";
+        let mut read = [0u8; 6];
+
+        (&mut mmap[..]).write(write).unwrap();
+        mmap.flush().unwrap();
+
+        // The mmap contains the write
+        (&mmap[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(write, &read);
+
+        // The file does not contain the write
+        file.read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nulls, &read);
+
+        // another mmap does not contain the write
+        let mmap2 = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map(&file).unwrap() };
+        (&mmap2[..]).read(&mut read).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nulls, &read);
+
+        let mmap = mmap.make_exec().expect("make_exec");
+
+        drop(mmap);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mprotect_anon() {
+        let mmap = MmapMut::map_anon(256).expect("map_mut");
+
+        let mmap = mmap.make_read_only().expect("make_read_only");
+        let mmap = mmap.make_mut().expect("make_mut");
+        let mmap = mmap.make_exec().expect("make_exec");
+        drop(mmap);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn raw() {
+        let tempdir = tempdir::TempDir::new("mmap").unwrap();
+        let path = tempdir.path().join("mmapraw");
+
+        let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
+        let mut file = options
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(&path)
+            .expect("open");
+        file.write(b"abc123").unwrap();
+        let mmap = MmapOptions::new().map_raw(&file).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(mmap.len(), 6);
+        assert!(!mmap.as_ptr().is_null());
+        assert_eq!(unsafe { std::ptr::read(mmap.as_ptr()) }, b'a');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/unix.rs b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/unix.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8437a921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/unix.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+extern crate libc;
+
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd};
+use std::{io, ptr};
+
+#[cfg(any(
+    all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "mips")),
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "android"
+))]
+const MAP_STACK: libc::c_int = libc::MAP_STACK;
+
+#[cfg(not(any(
+    all(target_os = "linux", not(target_arch = "mips")),
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "android"
+)))]
+const MAP_STACK: libc::c_int = 0;
+
+pub struct MmapInner {
+    ptr: *mut libc::c_void,
+    len: usize,
+}
+
+impl MmapInner {
+    /// Creates a new `MmapInner`.
+    ///
+    /// This is a thin wrapper around the `mmap` sytem call.
+    fn new(
+        len: usize,
+        prot: libc::c_int,
+        flags: libc::c_int,
+        file: RawFd,
+        offset: u64,
+    ) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let alignment = offset % page_size() as u64;
+        let aligned_offset = offset - alignment;
+        let aligned_len = len + alignment as usize;
+        if aligned_len == 0 {
+            // Normally the OS would catch this, but it segfaults under QEMU.
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "memory map must have a non-zero length",
+            ));
+        }
+
+        unsafe {
+            let ptr = libc::mmap(
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                aligned_len as libc::size_t,
+                prot,
+                flags,
+                file,
+                aligned_offset as libc::off_t,
+            );
+
+            if ptr == libc::MAP_FAILED {
+                Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+            } else {
+                Ok(MmapInner {
+                    ptr: ptr.offset(alignment as isize),
+                    len: len,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn map(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        MmapInner::new(
+            len,
+            libc::PROT_READ,
+            libc::MAP_SHARED,
+            file.as_raw_fd(),
+            offset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_exec(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        MmapInner::new(
+            len,
+            libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_EXEC,
+            libc::MAP_SHARED,
+            file.as_raw_fd(),
+            offset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_mut(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        MmapInner::new(
+            len,
+            libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_WRITE,
+            libc::MAP_SHARED,
+            file.as_raw_fd(),
+            offset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_copy(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        MmapInner::new(
+            len,
+            libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_WRITE,
+            libc::MAP_PRIVATE,
+            file.as_raw_fd(),
+            offset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_copy_read_only(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        MmapInner::new(
+            len,
+            libc::PROT_READ,
+            libc::MAP_PRIVATE,
+            file.as_raw_fd(),
+            offset,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Open an anonymous memory map.
+    pub fn map_anon(len: usize, stack: bool) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let stack = if stack { MAP_STACK } else { 0 };
+        MmapInner::new(
+            len,
+            libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_WRITE,
+            libc::MAP_PRIVATE | libc::MAP_ANON | stack,
+            -1,
+            0,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn flush(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let alignment = (self.ptr as usize + offset) % page_size();
+        let offset = offset as isize - alignment as isize;
+        let len = len + alignment;
+        let result =
+            unsafe { libc::msync(self.ptr.offset(offset), len as libc::size_t, libc::MS_SYNC) };
+        if result == 0 {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn flush_async(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let alignment = offset % page_size();
+        let aligned_offset = offset - alignment;
+        let aligned_len = len + alignment;
+        let result = unsafe {
+            libc::msync(
+                self.ptr.offset(aligned_offset as isize),
+                aligned_len as libc::size_t,
+                libc::MS_ASYNC,
+            )
+        };
+        if result == 0 {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mprotect(&mut self, prot: libc::c_int) -> io::Result<()> {
+        unsafe {
+            let alignment = self.ptr as usize % page_size();
+            let ptr = self.ptr.offset(-(alignment as isize));
+            let len = self.len + alignment;
+            if libc::mprotect(ptr, len, prot) == 0 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_read_only(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.mprotect(libc::PROT_READ)
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_exec(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.mprotect(libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_EXEC)
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_mut(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.mprotect(libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_WRITE)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn ptr(&self) -> *const u8 {
+        self.ptr as *const u8
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut u8 {
+        self.ptr as *mut u8
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for MmapInner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let alignment = self.ptr as usize % page_size();
+        unsafe {
+            assert!(
+                libc::munmap(
+                    self.ptr.offset(-(alignment as isize)),
+                    (self.len + alignment) as libc::size_t
+                ) == 0,
+                "unable to unmap mmap: {}",
+                io::Error::last_os_error()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Sync for MmapInner {}
+unsafe impl Send for MmapInner {}
+
+fn page_size() -> usize {
+    unsafe { libc::sysconf(libc::_SC_PAGESIZE) as usize }
+}
diff --git a/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/windows.rs b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/windows.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0f3d552a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/memmap2-0.2.1/src/windows.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::os::raw::c_void;
+use std::os::windows::io::{AsRawHandle, RawHandle};
+use std::{io, mem, ptr};
+
+type BOOL = i32;
+type WORD = u16;
+type DWORD = u32;
+type WCHAR = u16;
+type HANDLE = *mut c_void;
+type LPVOID = *mut c_void;
+type LPCVOID = *const c_void;
+type ULONG_PTR = usize;
+type SIZE_T = ULONG_PTR;
+type LPCWSTR = *const WCHAR;
+type PDWORD = *mut DWORD;
+type DWORD_PTR = ULONG_PTR;
+type LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES = *mut SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES;
+type LPSYSTEM_INFO = *mut SYSTEM_INFO;
+
+const INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE: HANDLE = -1isize as HANDLE;
+
+const STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED: DWORD = 0x000F0000;
+
+const SECTION_QUERY: DWORD = 0x0001;
+const SECTION_MAP_WRITE: DWORD = 0x0002;
+const SECTION_MAP_READ: DWORD = 0x0004;
+const SECTION_MAP_EXECUTE: DWORD = 0x0008;
+const SECTION_EXTEND_SIZE: DWORD = 0x0010;
+const SECTION_MAP_EXECUTE_EXPLICIT: DWORD = 0x0020;
+const SECTION_ALL_ACCESS: DWORD = STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED | SECTION_QUERY
+    | SECTION_MAP_WRITE | SECTION_MAP_READ | SECTION_MAP_EXECUTE | SECTION_EXTEND_SIZE;
+
+const PAGE_READONLY: DWORD = 0x02;
+const PAGE_READWRITE: DWORD = 0x04;
+const PAGE_WRITECOPY: DWORD = 0x08;
+const PAGE_EXECUTE_READ: DWORD = 0x20;
+const PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE: DWORD = 0x40;
+const PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY: DWORD = 0x80;
+
+const FILE_MAP_WRITE: DWORD = SECTION_MAP_WRITE;
+const FILE_MAP_READ: DWORD = SECTION_MAP_READ;
+const FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS: DWORD = SECTION_ALL_ACCESS;
+const FILE_MAP_EXECUTE: DWORD = SECTION_MAP_EXECUTE_EXPLICIT;
+const FILE_MAP_COPY: DWORD = 0x00000001;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES {
+    nLength: DWORD,
+    lpSecurityDescriptor: LPVOID,
+    bInheritHandle: BOOL,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct SYSTEM_INFO_u_s {
+    wProcessorArchitecture: WORD,
+    wReserved: WORD,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct SYSTEM_INFO_u([u32; 1]);
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct SYSTEM_INFO {
+    u: SYSTEM_INFO_u,
+    dwPageSize: DWORD,
+    lpMinimumApplicationAddress: LPVOID,
+    lpMaximumApplicationAddress: LPVOID,
+    dwActiveProcessorMask: DWORD_PTR,
+    dwNumberOfProcessors: DWORD,
+    dwProcessorType: DWORD,
+    dwAllocationGranularity: DWORD,
+    wProcessorLevel: WORD,
+    wProcessorRevision: WORD,
+}
+
+extern "system" {
+    fn CloseHandle(
+        hObject: HANDLE,
+    ) -> BOOL;
+
+    fn CreateFileMappingW(
+        hFile: HANDLE,
+        lpFileMappingAttributes: LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,
+        flProtect: DWORD,
+        dwMaximumSizeHigh: DWORD,
+        dwMaximumSizeLow: DWORD,
+        lpName: LPCWSTR,
+    ) -> HANDLE;
+
+    fn FlushViewOfFile(
+        lpBaseAddress: LPCVOID,
+        dwNumberOfBytesToFlush: SIZE_T,
+    ) -> BOOL;
+
+    fn UnmapViewOfFile(
+        lpBaseAddress: LPCVOID,
+    ) -> BOOL;
+
+    fn MapViewOfFile(
+        hFileMappingObject: HANDLE,
+        dwDesiredAccess: DWORD,
+        dwFileOffsetHigh: DWORD,
+        dwFileOffsetLow: DWORD,
+        dwNumberOfBytesToMap: SIZE_T,
+    ) -> LPVOID;
+
+    fn VirtualProtect(
+        lpAddress: LPVOID,
+        dwSize: SIZE_T,
+        flNewProtect: DWORD,
+        lpflOldProtect: PDWORD,
+    ) -> BOOL;
+
+    fn GetSystemInfo(
+        lpSystemInfo: LPSYSTEM_INFO,
+    );
+}
+
+pub struct MmapInner {
+    file: Option<File>,
+    ptr: *mut c_void,
+    len: usize,
+    copy: bool,
+}
+
+impl MmapInner {
+    /// Creates a new `MmapInner`.
+    ///
+    /// This is a thin wrapper around the `CreateFileMappingW` and `MapViewOfFile` system calls.
+    pub fn new(
+        file: &File,
+        protect: DWORD,
+        access: DWORD,
+        offset: u64,
+        len: usize,
+        copy: bool,
+    ) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let alignment = offset % allocation_granularity() as u64;
+        let aligned_offset = offset - alignment as u64;
+        let aligned_len = len + alignment as usize;
+
+        unsafe {
+            let handle = CreateFileMappingW(
+                file.as_raw_handle(),
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                protect,
+                0,
+                0,
+                ptr::null(),
+            );
+            if handle == ptr::null_mut() {
+                return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+            }
+
+            let ptr = MapViewOfFile(
+                handle,
+                access,
+                (aligned_offset >> 16 >> 16) as DWORD,
+                (aligned_offset & 0xffffffff) as DWORD,
+                aligned_len as SIZE_T,
+            );
+            CloseHandle(handle);
+
+            if ptr == ptr::null_mut() {
+                Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+            } else {
+                Ok(MmapInner {
+                    file: Some(file.try_clone()?),
+                    ptr: ptr.offset(alignment as isize),
+                    len: len as usize,
+                    copy: copy,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn map(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let write = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_READWRITE);
+        let exec = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);
+        let mut access = FILE_MAP_READ;
+        let protection = match (write, exec) {
+            (true, true) => {
+                access |= FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
+            }
+            (true, false) => {
+                access |= FILE_MAP_WRITE;
+                PAGE_READWRITE
+            }
+            (false, true) => {
+                access |= FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READ
+            }
+            (false, false) => PAGE_READONLY,
+        };
+
+        let mut inner = MmapInner::new(file, protection, access, offset, len, false)?;
+        if write || exec {
+            inner.make_read_only()?;
+        }
+        Ok(inner)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_exec(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let write = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_READWRITE);
+        let mut access = FILE_MAP_READ | FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+        let protection = if write {
+            access |= FILE_MAP_WRITE;
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
+        } else {
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_READ
+        };
+
+        let mut inner = MmapInner::new(file, protection, access, offset, len, false)?;
+        if write {
+            inner.make_exec()?;
+        }
+        Ok(inner)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_mut(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let exec = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);
+        let mut access = FILE_MAP_READ | FILE_MAP_WRITE;
+        let protection = if exec {
+            access |= FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
+        } else {
+            PAGE_READWRITE
+        };
+
+        let mut inner = MmapInner::new(file, protection, access, offset, len, false)?;
+        if exec {
+            inner.make_mut()?;
+        }
+        Ok(inner)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_copy(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let exec = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
+        let mut access = FILE_MAP_COPY;
+        let protection = if exec {
+            access |= FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY
+        } else {
+            PAGE_WRITECOPY
+        };
+
+        let mut inner = MmapInner::new(file, protection, access, offset, len, true)?;
+        if exec {
+            inner.make_mut()?;
+        }
+        Ok(inner)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_copy_read_only(len: usize, file: &File, offset: u64) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        let write = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_READWRITE);
+        let exec = protection_supported(file.as_raw_handle(), PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);
+        let mut access = FILE_MAP_COPY;
+        let protection = if exec {
+            access |= FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+            PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY
+        } else {
+            PAGE_WRITECOPY
+        };
+
+        let mut inner = MmapInner::new(file, protection, access, offset, len, true)?;
+        if write || exec {
+            inner.make_read_only()?;
+        }
+        Ok(inner)
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_anon(len: usize, _stack: bool) -> io::Result<MmapInner> {
+        unsafe {
+            // Create a mapping and view with maximum access permissions, then use `VirtualProtect`
+            // to set the actual `Protection`. This way, we can set more permissive protection later
+            // on.
+            // Also see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa366537.aspx
+
+            let handle = CreateFileMappingW(
+                INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
+                ptr::null_mut(),
+                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+                (len >> 16 >> 16) as DWORD,
+                (len & 0xffffffff) as DWORD,
+                ptr::null(),
+            );
+            if handle == ptr::null_mut() {
+                return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+            }
+            let access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS | FILE_MAP_EXECUTE;
+            let ptr = MapViewOfFile(handle, access, 0, 0, len as SIZE_T);
+            CloseHandle(handle);
+
+            if ptr == ptr::null_mut() {
+                return Err(io::Error::last_os_error());
+            }
+
+            let mut old = 0;
+            let result = VirtualProtect(ptr, len as SIZE_T, PAGE_READWRITE, &mut old);
+            if result != 0 {
+                Ok(MmapInner {
+                    file: None,
+                    ptr: ptr,
+                    len: len as usize,
+                    copy: false,
+                })
+            } else {
+                Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn flush(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.flush_async(offset, len)?;
+        if let Some(ref file) = self.file {
+            file.sync_data()?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn flush_async(&self, offset: usize, len: usize) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let result = unsafe { FlushViewOfFile(self.ptr.offset(offset as isize), len as SIZE_T) };
+        if result != 0 {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn virtual_protect(&mut self, protect: DWORD) -> io::Result<()> {
+        unsafe {
+            let alignment = self.ptr as usize % allocation_granularity();
+            let ptr = self.ptr.offset(-(alignment as isize));
+            let aligned_len = self.len as SIZE_T + alignment as SIZE_T;
+
+            let mut old = 0;
+            let result = VirtualProtect(ptr, aligned_len, protect, &mut old);
+
+            if result != 0 {
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_read_only(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.virtual_protect(PAGE_READONLY)
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_exec(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.copy {
+            self.virtual_protect(PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY)
+        } else {
+            self.virtual_protect(PAGE_EXECUTE_READ)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_mut(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.copy {
+            self.virtual_protect(PAGE_WRITECOPY)
+        } else {
+            self.virtual_protect(PAGE_READWRITE)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn ptr(&self) -> *const u8 {
+        self.ptr as *const u8
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut u8 {
+        self.ptr as *mut u8
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for MmapInner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let alignment = self.ptr as usize % allocation_granularity();
+        unsafe {
+            let ptr = self.ptr.offset(-(alignment as isize));
+            assert!(
+                UnmapViewOfFile(ptr) != 0,
+                "unable to unmap mmap: {}",
+                io::Error::last_os_error()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl Sync for MmapInner {}
+unsafe impl Send for MmapInner {}
+
+fn protection_supported(handle: RawHandle, protection: DWORD) -> bool {
+    unsafe {
+        let handle = CreateFileMappingW(handle, ptr::null_mut(), protection, 0, 0, ptr::null());
+        if handle == ptr::null_mut() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        CloseHandle(handle);
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+fn allocation_granularity() -> usize {
+    unsafe {
+        let mut info = mem::zeroed();
+        GetSystemInfo(&mut info);
+        return info.dwAllocationGranularity as usize;
+    }
+}