14 files changed, 700 insertions, 668 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/Cargo.toml b/compiler/rustc_ast/Cargo.toml
index fcbf96818..9253b7e68 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ rustc_macros = { path = "../rustc_macros" }
 rustc_serialize = { path = "../rustc_serialize" }
 rustc_span = { path = "../rustc_span" }
 smallvec = { version = "1.8.1", features = ["union", "may_dangle"] }
-thin-vec = "0.2.8"
+thin-vec = "0.2.9"
 tracing = "0.1"
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index 4ef43735a..4d80f904a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 //! - [`FnDecl`], [`FnHeader`] and [`Param`]: Metadata associated with a function declaration.
 //! - [`Generics`], [`GenericParam`], [`WhereClause`]: Metadata associated with generic parameters.
 //! - [`EnumDef`] and [`Variant`]: Enum declaration.
-//! - [`Lit`] and [`LitKind`]: Literal expressions.
+//! - [`MetaItemLit`] and [`LitKind`]: Literal expressions.
 //! - [`MacroDef`], [`MacStmtStyle`], [`MacCall`], [`MacDelimiter`]: Macro definition and invocation.
 //! - [`Attribute`]: Metadata associated with item.
 //! - [`UnOp`], [`BinOp`], and [`BinOpKind`]: Unary and binary operators.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::mem;
-use thin_vec::ThinVec;
+use thin_vec::{thin_vec, ThinVec};
 
 /// A "Label" is an identifier of some point in sources,
 /// e.g. in the following code:
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ pub struct Path {
     pub span: Span,
     /// The segments in the path: the things separated by `::`.
     /// Global paths begin with `kw::PathRoot`.
-    pub segments: Vec<PathSegment>,
+    pub segments: ThinVec<PathSegment>,
     pub tokens: Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
 }
 
@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ impl<CTX: rustc_span::HashStableContext> HashStable<CTX> for Path {
 }
 
 impl Path {
-    // Convert a span and an identifier to the corresponding
-    // one-segment path.
+    /// Convert a span and an identifier to the corresponding
+    /// one-segment path.
     pub fn from_ident(ident: Ident) -> Path {
-        Path { segments: vec![PathSegment::from_ident(ident)], span: ident.span, tokens: None }
+        Path { segments: thin_vec![PathSegment::from_ident(ident)], span: ident.span, tokens: None }
     }
 
     pub fn is_global(&self) -> bool {
@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ impl GenericArgs {
     }
 
     pub fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        match *self {
-            AngleBracketed(ref data) => data.span,
-            Parenthesized(ref data) => data.span,
+        match self {
+            AngleBracketed(data) => data.span,
+            Parenthesized(data) => data.span,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ pub enum GenericBound {
 impl GenericBound {
     pub fn span(&self) -> Span {
         match self {
-            GenericBound::Trait(ref t, ..) => t.span,
-            GenericBound::Outlives(ref l) => l.ident.span,
+            GenericBound::Trait(t, ..) => t.span,
+            GenericBound::Outlives(l) => l.ident.span,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -392,15 +392,7 @@ pub struct Generics {
 impl Default for Generics {
     /// Creates an instance of `Generics`.
     fn default() -> Generics {
-        Generics {
-            params: Vec::new(),
-            where_clause: WhereClause {
-                has_where_token: false,
-                predicates: Vec::new(),
-                span: DUMMY_SP,
-            },
-            span: DUMMY_SP,
-        }
+        Generics { params: Vec::new(), where_clause: Default::default(), span: DUMMY_SP }
     }
 }
 
@@ -415,6 +407,12 @@ pub struct WhereClause {
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
+impl Default for WhereClause {
+    fn default() -> WhereClause {
+        WhereClause { has_where_token: false, predicates: Vec::new(), span: DUMMY_SP }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A single predicate in a where-clause.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub enum WherePredicate {
@@ -481,20 +479,10 @@ pub struct Crate {
     pub is_placeholder: bool,
 }
 
-/// Possible values inside of compile-time attribute lists.
-///
-/// E.g., the '..' in `#[name(..)]`.
-#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
-pub enum NestedMetaItem {
-    /// A full MetaItem, for recursive meta items.
-    MetaItem(MetaItem),
-    /// A literal.
-    ///
-    /// E.g., `"foo"`, `64`, `true`.
-    Literal(Lit),
-}
-
-/// A spanned compile-time attribute item.
+/// A semantic representation of a meta item. A meta item is a slightly
+/// restricted form of an attribute -- it can only contain expressions in
+/// certain leaf positions, rather than arbitrary token streams -- that is used
+/// for most built-in attributes.
 ///
 /// E.g., `#[test]`, `#[derive(..)]`, `#[rustfmt::skip]` or `#[feature = "foo"]`.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
@@ -504,23 +492,37 @@ pub struct MetaItem {
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
-/// A compile-time attribute item.
-///
-/// E.g., `#[test]`, `#[derive(..)]` or `#[feature = "foo"]`.
+/// The meta item kind, containing the data after the initial path.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum MetaItemKind {
     /// Word meta item.
     ///
-    /// E.g., `test` as in `#[test]`.
+    /// E.g., `#[test]`, which lacks any arguments after `test`.
     Word,
+
     /// List meta item.
     ///
-    /// E.g., `derive(..)` as in `#[derive(..)]`.
+    /// E.g., `#[derive(..)]`, where the field represents the `..`.
     List(Vec<NestedMetaItem>),
+
     /// Name value meta item.
     ///
-    /// E.g., `feature = "foo"` as in `#[feature = "foo"]`.
-    NameValue(Lit),
+    /// E.g., `#[feature = "foo"]`, where the field represents the `"foo"`.
+    NameValue(MetaItemLit),
+}
+
+/// Values inside meta item lists.
+///
+/// E.g., each of `Clone`, `Copy` in `#[derive(Clone, Copy)]`.
+#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub enum NestedMetaItem {
+    /// A full MetaItem, for recursive meta items.
+    MetaItem(MetaItem),
+
+    /// A literal.
+    ///
+    /// E.g., `"foo"`, `64`, `true`.
+    Lit(MetaItemLit),
 }
 
 /// A block (`{ .. }`).
@@ -720,10 +722,10 @@ pub enum PatKind {
 
     /// A struct or struct variant pattern (e.g., `Variant {x, y, ..}`).
     /// The `bool` is `true` in the presence of a `..`.
-    Struct(Option<QSelf>, Path, Vec<PatField>, /* recovered */ bool),
+    Struct(Option<P<QSelf>>, Path, Vec<PatField>, /* recovered */ bool),
 
     /// A tuple struct/variant pattern (`Variant(x, y, .., z)`).
-    TupleStruct(Option<QSelf>, Path, Vec<P<Pat>>),
+    TupleStruct(Option<P<QSelf>>, Path, Vec<P<Pat>>),
 
     /// An or-pattern `A | B | C`.
     /// Invariant: `pats.len() >= 2`.
@@ -733,7 +735,7 @@ pub enum PatKind {
     /// Unqualified path patterns `A::B::C` can legally refer to variants, structs, constants
     /// or associated constants. Qualified path patterns `<A>::B::C`/`<A as Trait>::B::C` can
     /// only legally refer to associated constants.
-    Path(Option<QSelf>, Path),
+    Path(Option<P<QSelf>>, Path),
 
     /// A tuple pattern (`(a, b)`).
     Tuple(Vec<P<Pat>>),
@@ -777,8 +779,9 @@ pub enum PatKind {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, Copy)]
 #[derive(HashStable_Generic, Encodable, Decodable)]
 pub enum Mutability {
-    Mut,
+    // N.B. Order is deliberate, so that Not < Mut
     Not,
+    Mut,
 }
 
 impl Mutability {
@@ -789,12 +792,39 @@ impl Mutability {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn prefix_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+    /// Returns `""` (empty string) or `"mut "` depending on the mutability.
+    pub fn prefix_str(self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             Mutability::Mut => "mut ",
             Mutability::Not => "",
         }
     }
+
+    /// Returns `"&"` or `"&mut "` depending on the mutability.
+    pub fn ref_prefix_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Mutability::Not => "&",
+            Mutability::Mut => "&mut ",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `""` (empty string) or `"mutably "` depending on the mutability.
+    pub fn mutably_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Mutability::Not => "",
+            Mutability::Mut => "mutably ",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return `true` if self is mutable
+    pub fn is_mut(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Mut)
+    }
+
+    /// Return `true` if self is **not** mutable
+    pub fn is_not(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Not)
+    }
 }
 
 /// The kind of borrow in an `AddrOf` expression,
@@ -1117,23 +1147,23 @@ impl Expr {
     /// If this is not the case, name resolution does not resolve `N` when using
     /// `min_const_generics` as more complex expressions are not supported.
     pub fn is_potential_trivial_const_param(&self) -> bool {
-        let this = if let ExprKind::Block(ref block, None) = self.kind {
-            if block.stmts.len() == 1 {
-                if let StmtKind::Expr(ref expr) = block.stmts[0].kind { expr } else { self }
-            } else {
-                self
-            }
+        let this = if let ExprKind::Block(block, None) = &self.kind
+            && block.stmts.len() == 1
+            && let StmtKind::Expr(expr) = &block.stmts[0].kind
+        {
+            expr
         } else {
             self
         };
 
-        if let ExprKind::Path(None, ref path) = this.kind {
-            if path.segments.len() == 1 && path.segments[0].args.is_none() {
-                return true;
-            }
+        if let ExprKind::Path(None, path) = &this.kind
+            && path.segments.len() == 1
+            && path.segments[0].args.is_none()
+        {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
         }
-
-        false
     }
 
     pub fn to_bound(&self) -> Option<GenericBound> {
@@ -1149,7 +1179,7 @@ impl Expr {
     pub fn peel_parens(&self) -> &Expr {
         let mut expr = self;
         while let ExprKind::Paren(inner) = &expr.kind {
-            expr = &inner;
+            expr = inner;
         }
         expr
     }
@@ -1208,7 +1238,7 @@ impl Expr {
             ExprKind::Tup(_) => ExprPrecedence::Tup,
             ExprKind::Binary(op, ..) => ExprPrecedence::Binary(op.node),
             ExprKind::Unary(..) => ExprPrecedence::Unary,
-            ExprKind::Lit(_) => ExprPrecedence::Lit,
+            ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::IncludedBytes(..) => ExprPrecedence::Lit,
             ExprKind::Type(..) | ExprKind::Cast(..) => ExprPrecedence::Cast,
             ExprKind::Let(..) => ExprPrecedence::Let,
             ExprKind::If(..) => ExprPrecedence::If,
@@ -1257,7 +1287,7 @@ impl Expr {
         )
     }
 
-    // To a first-order approximation, is this a pattern
+    /// To a first-order approximation, is this a pattern?
     pub fn is_approximately_pattern(&self) -> bool {
         match &self.peel_parens().kind {
             ExprKind::Box(_)
@@ -1274,6 +1304,20 @@ impl Expr {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
+pub struct Closure {
+    pub binder: ClosureBinder,
+    pub capture_clause: CaptureBy,
+    pub asyncness: Async,
+    pub movability: Movability,
+    pub fn_decl: P<FnDecl>,
+    pub body: P<Expr>,
+    /// The span of the declaration block: 'move |...| -> ...'
+    pub fn_decl_span: Span,
+    /// The span of the argument block `|...|`
+    pub fn_arg_span: Span,
+}
+
 /// Limit types of a range (inclusive or exclusive)
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub enum RangeLimits {
@@ -1283,6 +1327,20 @@ pub enum RangeLimits {
     Closed,
 }
 
+/// A method call (e.g. `x.foo::<Bar, Baz>(a, b, c)`).
+#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
+pub struct MethodCall {
+    /// The method name and its generic arguments, e.g. `foo::<Bar, Baz>`.
+    pub seg: PathSegment,
+    /// The receiver, e.g. `x`.
+    pub receiver: P<Expr>,
+    /// The arguments, e.g. `a, b, c`.
+    pub args: Vec<P<Expr>>,
+    /// The span of the function, without the dot and receiver e.g. `foo::<Bar,
+    /// Baz>(a, b, c)`.
+    pub span: Span,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub enum StructRest {
     /// `..x`.
@@ -1295,7 +1353,7 @@ pub enum StructRest {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub struct StructExpr {
-    pub qself: Option<QSelf>,
+    pub qself: Option<P<QSelf>>,
     pub path: Path,
     pub fields: Vec<ExprField>,
     pub rest: StructRest,
@@ -1316,17 +1374,8 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// This also represents calling the constructor of
     /// tuple-like ADTs such as tuple structs and enum variants.
     Call(P<Expr>, Vec<P<Expr>>),
-    /// A method call (`x.foo::<'static, Bar, Baz>(a, b, c, d)`)
-    ///
-    /// The `PathSegment` represents the method name and its generic arguments
-    /// (within the angle brackets).
-    /// The standalone `Expr` is the receiver expression.
-    /// The vector of `Expr` is the arguments.
-    /// `x.foo::<Bar, Baz>(a, b, c, d)` is represented as
-    /// `ExprKind::MethodCall(PathSegment { foo, [Bar, Baz] }, x, [a, b, c, d])`.
-    /// This `Span` is the span of the function, without the dot and receiver
-    /// (e.g. `foo(a, b)` in `x.foo(a, b)`
-    MethodCall(PathSegment, P<Expr>, Vec<P<Expr>>, Span),
+    /// A method call (e.g. `x.foo::<Bar, Baz>(a, b, c)`).
+    MethodCall(Box<MethodCall>),
     /// A tuple (e.g., `(a, b, c, d)`).
     Tup(Vec<P<Expr>>),
     /// A binary operation (e.g., `a + b`, `a * b`).
@@ -1334,7 +1383,7 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// A unary operation (e.g., `!x`, `*x`).
     Unary(UnOp, P<Expr>),
     /// A literal (e.g., `1`, `"foo"`).
-    Lit(Lit),
+    Lit(token::Lit),
     /// A cast (e.g., `foo as f64`).
     Cast(P<Expr>, P<Ty>),
     /// A type ascription (e.g., `42: usize`).
@@ -1361,13 +1410,11 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// Conditionless loop (can be exited with `break`, `continue`, or `return`).
     ///
     /// `'label: loop { block }`
-    Loop(P<Block>, Option<Label>),
+    Loop(P<Block>, Option<Label>, Span),
     /// A `match` block.
     Match(P<Expr>, Vec<Arm>),
     /// A closure (e.g., `move |a, b, c| a + b + c`).
-    ///
-    /// The final span is the span of the argument block `|...|`.
-    Closure(ClosureBinder, CaptureBy, Async, Movability, P<FnDecl>, P<Expr>, Span),
+    Closure(Box<Closure>),
     /// A block (`'label: { ... }`).
     Block(P<Block>, Option<Label>),
     /// An async block (`async move { ... }`).
@@ -1405,7 +1452,7 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// parameters (e.g., `foo::bar::<baz>`).
     ///
     /// Optionally "qualified" (e.g., `<Vec<T> as SomeTrait>::SomeType`).
-    Path(Option<QSelf>, Path),
+    Path(Option<P<QSelf>>, Path),
 
     /// A referencing operation (`&a`, `&mut a`, `&raw const a` or `&raw mut a`).
     AddrOf(BorrowKind, Mutability, P<Expr>),
@@ -1446,6 +1493,12 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// with an optional value to be returned.
     Yeet(Option<P<Expr>>),
 
+    /// Bytes included via `include_bytes!`
+    /// Added for optimization purposes to avoid the need to escape
+    /// large binary blobs - should always behave like [`ExprKind::Lit`]
+    /// with a `ByteStr` literal.
+    IncludedBytes(Lrc<[u8]>),
+
     /// Placeholder for an expression that wasn't syntactically well formed in some way.
     Err,
 }
@@ -1525,55 +1578,48 @@ pub enum ClosureBinder {
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub struct MacCall {
     pub path: Path,
-    pub args: P<MacArgs>,
+    pub args: P<DelimArgs>,
     pub prior_type_ascription: Option<(Span, bool)>,
 }
 
 impl MacCall {
     pub fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        self.path.span.to(self.args.span().unwrap_or(self.path.span))
+        self.path.span.to(self.args.dspan.entire())
     }
 }
 
-/// Arguments passed to an attribute or a function-like macro.
+/// Arguments passed to an attribute macro.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
-pub enum MacArgs {
-    /// No arguments - `#[attr]`.
+pub enum AttrArgs {
+    /// No arguments: `#[attr]`.
     Empty,
-    /// Delimited arguments - `#[attr()/[]/{}]` or `mac!()/[]/{}`.
-    Delimited(DelimSpan, MacDelimiter, TokenStream),
-    /// Arguments of a key-value attribute - `#[attr = "value"]`.
+    /// Delimited arguments: `#[attr()/[]/{}]`.
+    Delimited(DelimArgs),
+    /// Arguments of a key-value attribute: `#[attr = "value"]`.
     Eq(
         /// Span of the `=` token.
         Span,
         /// The "value".
-        MacArgsEq,
+        AttrArgsEq,
     ),
 }
 
-// The RHS of a `MacArgs::Eq` starts out as an expression. Once macro expansion
-// is completed, all cases end up either as a literal, which is the form used
-// after lowering to HIR, or as an error.
+// The RHS of an `AttrArgs::Eq` starts out as an expression. Once macro
+// expansion is completed, all cases end up either as a meta item literal,
+// which is the form used after lowering to HIR, or as an error.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
-pub enum MacArgsEq {
+pub enum AttrArgsEq {
     Ast(P<Expr>),
-    Hir(Lit),
+    Hir(MetaItemLit),
 }
 
-impl MacArgs {
-    pub fn delim(&self) -> Option<Delimiter> {
-        match self {
-            MacArgs::Delimited(_, delim, _) => Some(delim.to_token()),
-            MacArgs::Empty | MacArgs::Eq(..) => None,
-        }
-    }
-
+impl AttrArgs {
     pub fn span(&self) -> Option<Span> {
         match self {
-            MacArgs::Empty => None,
-            MacArgs::Delimited(dspan, ..) => Some(dspan.entire()),
-            MacArgs::Eq(eq_span, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => Some(eq_span.to(expr.span)),
-            MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
+            AttrArgs::Empty => None,
+            AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => Some(args.dspan.entire()),
+            AttrArgs::Eq(eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => Some(eq_span.to(expr.span)),
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
                 unreachable!("in literal form when getting span: {:?}", lit);
             }
         }
@@ -1583,39 +1629,29 @@ impl MacArgs {
     /// Proc macros see these tokens, for example.
     pub fn inner_tokens(&self) -> TokenStream {
         match self {
-            MacArgs::Empty => TokenStream::default(),
-            MacArgs::Delimited(.., tokens) => tokens.clone(),
-            MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => TokenStream::from_ast(expr),
-            MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
+            AttrArgs::Empty => TokenStream::default(),
+            AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => args.tokens.clone(),
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => TokenStream::from_ast(expr),
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
                 unreachable!("in literal form when getting inner tokens: {:?}", lit)
             }
         }
     }
-
-    /// Whether a macro with these arguments needs a semicolon
-    /// when used as a standalone item or statement.
-    pub fn need_semicolon(&self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self, MacArgs::Delimited(_, MacDelimiter::Brace, _))
-    }
 }
 
-impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for MacArgs
+impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for AttrArgs
 where
     CTX: crate::HashStableContext,
 {
     fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
         mem::discriminant(self).hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
         match self {
-            MacArgs::Empty => {}
-            MacArgs::Delimited(dspan, delim, tokens) => {
-                dspan.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
-                delim.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
-                tokens.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
-            }
-            MacArgs::Eq(_eq_span, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => {
+            AttrArgs::Empty => {}
+            AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => args.hash_stable(ctx, hasher),
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => {
                 unreachable!("hash_stable {:?}", expr);
             }
-            MacArgs::Eq(eq_span, MacArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
+            AttrArgs::Eq(eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
                 eq_span.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
                 lit.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
             }
@@ -1623,6 +1659,34 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+/// Delimited arguments, as used in `#[attr()/[]/{}]` or `mac!()/[]/{}`.
+#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
+pub struct DelimArgs {
+    pub dspan: DelimSpan,
+    pub delim: MacDelimiter,
+    pub tokens: TokenStream,
+}
+
+impl DelimArgs {
+    /// Whether a macro with these arguments needs a semicolon
+    /// when used as a standalone item or statement.
+    pub fn need_semicolon(&self) -> bool {
+        !matches!(self, DelimArgs { delim: MacDelimiter::Brace, .. })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for DelimArgs
+where
+    CTX: crate::HashStableContext,
+{
+    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
+        let DelimArgs { dspan, delim, tokens } = self;
+        dspan.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
+        delim.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
+        tokens.hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum MacDelimiter {
     Parenthesis,
@@ -1652,7 +1716,7 @@ impl MacDelimiter {
 /// Represents a macro definition.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub struct MacroDef {
-    pub body: P<MacArgs>,
+    pub body: P<DelimArgs>,
     /// `true` if macro was defined with `macro_rules`.
     pub macro_rules: bool,
 }
@@ -1668,19 +1732,18 @@ pub enum StrStyle {
     Raw(u8),
 }
 
-/// An AST literal.
+/// A literal in a meta item.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
-pub struct Lit {
+pub struct MetaItemLit {
     /// The original literal token as written in source code.
     pub token_lit: token::Lit,
     /// The "semantic" representation of the literal lowered from the original tokens.
     /// Strings are unescaped, hexadecimal forms are eliminated, etc.
-    /// FIXME: Remove this and only create the semantic representation during lowering to HIR.
     pub kind: LitKind,
     pub span: Span,
 }
 
-/// Same as `Lit`, but restricted to string literals.
+/// Similar to `MetaItemLit`, but restricted to string literals.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub struct StrLit {
     /// The original literal token as written in source code.
@@ -1689,21 +1752,16 @@ pub struct StrLit {
     pub suffix: Option<Symbol>,
     pub span: Span,
     /// The unescaped "semantic" representation of the literal lowered from the original token.
-    /// FIXME: Remove this and only create the semantic representation during lowering to HIR.
     pub symbol_unescaped: Symbol,
 }
 
 impl StrLit {
-    pub fn as_lit(&self) -> Lit {
+    pub fn as_token_lit(&self) -> token::Lit {
         let token_kind = match self.style {
             StrStyle::Cooked => token::Str,
             StrStyle::Raw(n) => token::StrRaw(n),
         };
-        Lit {
-            token_lit: token::Lit::new(token_kind, self.symbol, self.suffix),
-            span: self.span,
-            kind: LitKind::Str(self.symbol_unescaped, self.style),
-        }
+        token::Lit::new(token_kind, self.symbol, self.suffix)
     }
 }
 
@@ -1729,9 +1787,12 @@ pub enum LitFloatType {
     Unsuffixed,
 }
 
-/// Literal kind.
+/// This type is used within both `ast::MetaItemLit` and `hir::Lit`.
 ///
-/// E.g., `"foo"`, `42`, `12.34`, or `bool`.
+/// Note that the entire literal (including the suffix) is considered when
+/// deciding the `LitKind`. This means that float literals like `1f32` are
+/// classified by this type as `Float`. This is different to `token::LitKind`
+/// which does *not* consider the suffix.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum LitKind {
     /// A string literal (`"foo"`). The symbol is unescaped, and so may differ
@@ -1745,10 +1806,11 @@ pub enum LitKind {
     Char(char),
     /// An integer literal (`1`).
     Int(u128, LitIntType),
-    /// A float literal (`1f64` or `1E10f64`). Stored as a symbol rather than
-    /// `f64` so that `LitKind` can impl `Eq` and `Hash`.
+    /// A float literal (`1.0`, `1f64` or `1E10f64`). The pre-suffix part is
+    /// stored as a symbol rather than `f64` so that `LitKind` can impl `Eq`
+    /// and `Hash`.
     Float(Symbol, LitFloatType),
-    /// A boolean literal.
+    /// A boolean literal (`true`, `false`).
     Bool(bool),
     /// Placeholder for a literal that wasn't well-formed in some way.
     Err,
@@ -1967,7 +2029,7 @@ impl Ty {
     pub fn peel_refs(&self) -> &Self {
         let mut final_ty = self;
         while let TyKind::Rptr(_, MutTy { ty, .. }) = &final_ty.kind {
-            final_ty = &ty;
+            final_ty = ty;
         }
         final_ty
     }
@@ -2004,7 +2066,7 @@ pub enum TyKind {
     /// "qualified", e.g., `<Vec<T> as SomeTrait>::SomeType`.
     ///
     /// Type parameters are stored in the `Path` itself.
-    Path(Option<QSelf>, Path),
+    Path(Option<P<QSelf>>, Path),
     /// A trait object type `Bound1 + Bound2 + Bound3`
     /// where `Bound` is a trait or a lifetime.
     TraitObject(GenericBounds, TraitObjectSyntax),
@@ -2136,7 +2198,7 @@ impl InlineAsmTemplatePiece {
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub struct InlineAsmSym {
     pub id: NodeId,
-    pub qself: Option<QSelf>,
+    pub qself: Option<P<QSelf>>,
     pub path: Path,
 }
 
@@ -2376,9 +2438,9 @@ pub enum FnRetTy {
 
 impl FnRetTy {
     pub fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        match *self {
-            FnRetTy::Default(span) => span,
-            FnRetTy::Ty(ref ty) => ty.span,
+        match self {
+            &FnRetTy::Default(span) => span,
+            FnRetTy::Ty(ty) => ty.span,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2457,10 +2519,7 @@ pub struct Variant {
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub enum UseTreeKind {
     /// `use prefix` or `use prefix as rename`
-    ///
-    /// The extra `NodeId`s are for HIR lowering, when additional statements are created for each
-    /// namespace.
-    Simple(Option<Ident>, NodeId, NodeId),
+    Simple(Option<Ident>),
     /// `use prefix::{...}`
     Nested(Vec<(UseTree, NodeId)>),
     /// `use prefix::*`
@@ -2479,8 +2538,8 @@ pub struct UseTree {
 impl UseTree {
     pub fn ident(&self) -> Ident {
         match self.kind {
-            UseTreeKind::Simple(Some(rename), ..) => rename,
-            UseTreeKind::Simple(None, ..) => {
+            UseTreeKind::Simple(Some(rename)) => rename,
+            UseTreeKind::Simple(None) => {
                 self.prefix.segments.last().expect("empty prefix in a simple import").ident
             }
             _ => panic!("`UseTree::ident` can only be used on a simple import"),
@@ -2514,17 +2573,10 @@ impl<D: Decoder> Decodable<D> for AttrId {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
-pub struct AttrItem {
-    pub path: Path,
-    pub args: MacArgs,
-    pub tokens: Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
-}
-
 /// A list of attributes.
 pub type AttrVec = ThinVec<Attribute>;
 
-/// Metadata associated with an item.
+/// A syntax-level representation of an attribute.
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub struct Attribute {
     pub kind: AttrKind,
@@ -2536,12 +2588,6 @@ pub struct Attribute {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
-pub struct NormalAttr {
-    pub item: AttrItem,
-    pub tokens: Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
 pub enum AttrKind {
     /// A normal attribute.
     Normal(P<NormalAttr>),
@@ -2552,6 +2598,19 @@ pub enum AttrKind {
     DocComment(CommentKind, Symbol),
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug)]
+pub struct NormalAttr {
+    pub item: AttrItem,
+    pub tokens: Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
+pub struct AttrItem {
+    pub path: Path,
+    pub args: AttrArgs,
+    pub tokens: Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
+}
+
 /// `TraitRef`s appear in impls.
 ///
 /// Resolution maps each `TraitRef`'s `ref_id` to its defining trait; that's all
@@ -2640,14 +2699,14 @@ pub enum VariantData {
 impl VariantData {
     /// Return the fields of this variant.
     pub fn fields(&self) -> &[FieldDef] {
-        match *self {
-            VariantData::Struct(ref fields, ..) | VariantData::Tuple(ref fields, _) => fields,
+        match self {
+            VariantData::Struct(fields, ..) | VariantData::Tuple(fields, _) => fields,
             _ => &[],
         }
     }
 
     /// Return the `NodeId` of this variant's constructor, if it has one.
-    pub fn ctor_id(&self) -> Option<NodeId> {
+    pub fn ctor_node_id(&self) -> Option<NodeId> {
         match *self {
             VariantData::Struct(..) => None,
             VariantData::Tuple(_, id) | VariantData::Unit(id) => Some(id),
@@ -3029,28 +3088,28 @@ mod size_asserts {
     static_assert_size!(AssocItemKind, 32);
     static_assert_size!(Attribute, 32);
     static_assert_size!(Block, 48);
-    static_assert_size!(Expr, 104);
-    static_assert_size!(ExprKind, 72);
+    static_assert_size!(Expr, 72);
+    static_assert_size!(ExprKind, 40);
     static_assert_size!(Fn, 184);
     static_assert_size!(ForeignItem, 96);
     static_assert_size!(ForeignItemKind, 24);
     static_assert_size!(GenericArg, 24);
-    static_assert_size!(GenericBound, 88);
+    static_assert_size!(GenericBound, 72);
     static_assert_size!(Generics, 72);
-    static_assert_size!(Impl, 200);
+    static_assert_size!(Impl, 184);
     static_assert_size!(Item, 184);
     static_assert_size!(ItemKind, 112);
-    static_assert_size!(Lit, 48);
     static_assert_size!(LitKind, 24);
     static_assert_size!(Local, 72);
+    static_assert_size!(MetaItemLit, 48);
     static_assert_size!(Param, 40);
-    static_assert_size!(Pat, 120);
-    static_assert_size!(Path, 40);
+    static_assert_size!(Pat, 88);
+    static_assert_size!(Path, 24);
     static_assert_size!(PathSegment, 24);
-    static_assert_size!(PatKind, 96);
+    static_assert_size!(PatKind, 64);
     static_assert_size!(Stmt, 32);
     static_assert_size!(StmtKind, 16);
-    static_assert_size!(Ty, 96);
-    static_assert_size!(TyKind, 72);
+    static_assert_size!(Ty, 64);
+    static_assert_size!(TyKind, 40);
     // tidy-alphabetical-end
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
index 990f4f8f1..057cc26b5 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/attr/mod.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,33 @@
 //! Functions dealing with attributes and meta items.
 
 use crate::ast;
-use crate::ast::{AttrId, AttrItem, AttrKind, AttrStyle, Attribute};
-use crate::ast::{Lit, LitKind};
-use crate::ast::{MacArgs, MacArgsEq, MacDelimiter, MetaItem, MetaItemKind, NestedMetaItem};
-use crate::ast::{Path, PathSegment};
+use crate::ast::{AttrArgs, AttrArgsEq, AttrId, AttrItem, AttrKind, AttrStyle, AttrVec, Attribute};
+use crate::ast::{DelimArgs, Expr, ExprKind, LitKind, MetaItemLit};
+use crate::ast::{MacDelimiter, MetaItem, MetaItemKind, NestedMetaItem, NormalAttr};
+use crate::ast::{Path, PathSegment, StrStyle, DUMMY_NODE_ID};
 use crate::ptr::P;
 use crate::token::{self, CommentKind, Delimiter, Token};
 use crate::tokenstream::{DelimSpan, Spacing, TokenTree};
 use crate::tokenstream::{LazyAttrTokenStream, TokenStream};
 use crate::util::comments;
-
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::WorkerLocal;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::GrowableBitSet;
-use rustc_span::source_map::BytePos;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::Span;
-
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::iter;
 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 use std::ops::BitXor;
 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+use thin_vec::thin_vec;
 
 pub struct MarkedAttrs(GrowableBitSet<AttrId>);
 
 impl MarkedAttrs {
-    // We have no idea how many attributes there will be, so just
-    // initiate the vectors with 0 bits. We'll grow them as necessary.
     pub fn new() -> Self {
+        // We have no idea how many attributes there will be, so just
+        // initiate the vectors with 0 bits. We'll grow them as necessary.
         MarkedAttrs(GrowableBitSet::new_empty())
     }
 
@@ -45,16 +43,16 @@ impl MarkedAttrs {
 impl NestedMetaItem {
     /// Returns the `MetaItem` if `self` is a `NestedMetaItem::MetaItem`.
     pub fn meta_item(&self) -> Option<&MetaItem> {
-        match *self {
-            NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(ref item) => Some(item),
+        match self {
+            NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(item) => Some(item),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the `Lit` if `self` is a `NestedMetaItem::Literal`s.
-    pub fn literal(&self) -> Option<&Lit> {
-        match *self {
-            NestedMetaItem::Literal(ref lit) => Some(lit),
+    /// Returns the `MetaItemLit` if `self` is a `NestedMetaItem::Literal`s.
+    pub fn lit(&self) -> Option<&MetaItemLit> {
+        match self {
+            NestedMetaItem::Lit(lit) => Some(lit),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -79,12 +77,12 @@ impl NestedMetaItem {
     }
 
     /// Returns a name and single literal value tuple of the `MetaItem`.
-    pub fn name_value_literal(&self) -> Option<(Symbol, &Lit)> {
+    pub fn name_value_literal(&self) -> Option<(Symbol, &MetaItemLit)> {
         self.meta_item().and_then(|meta_item| {
             meta_item.meta_item_list().and_then(|meta_item_list| {
                 if meta_item_list.len() == 1
                     && let Some(ident) = meta_item.ident()
-                    && let Some(lit) = meta_item_list[0].literal()
+                    && let Some(lit) = meta_item_list[0].lit()
                 {
                     return Some((ident.name, lit));
                 }
@@ -117,18 +115,18 @@ impl NestedMetaItem {
 impl Attribute {
     #[inline]
     pub fn has_name(&self, name: Symbol) -> bool {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => normal.item.path == name,
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => normal.item.path == name,
             AttrKind::DocComment(..) => false,
         }
     }
 
     /// For a single-segment attribute, returns its name; otherwise, returns `None`.
     pub fn ident(&self) -> Option<Ident> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => {
-                if normal.item.path.segments.len() == 1 {
-                    Some(normal.item.path.segments[0].ident)
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => {
+                if let [ident] = &*normal.item.path.segments {
+                    Some(ident.ident)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -141,17 +139,15 @@ impl Attribute {
     }
 
     pub fn value_str(&self) -> Option<Symbol> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => {
-                normal.item.meta_kind().and_then(|kind| kind.value_str())
-            }
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => normal.item.meta_kind().and_then(|kind| kind.value_str()),
             AttrKind::DocComment(..) => None,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn meta_item_list(&self) -> Option<Vec<NestedMetaItem>> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => match normal.item.meta_kind() {
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => match normal.item.meta_kind() {
                 Some(MetaItemKind::List(list)) => Some(list),
                 _ => None,
             },
@@ -161,7 +157,7 @@ impl Attribute {
 
     pub fn is_word(&self) -> bool {
         if let AttrKind::Normal(normal) = &self.kind {
-            matches!(normal.item.args, MacArgs::Empty)
+            matches!(normal.item.args, AttrArgs::Empty)
         } else {
             false
         }
@@ -177,10 +173,12 @@ impl MetaItem {
         self.ident().unwrap_or_else(Ident::empty).name
     }
 
-    // Example:
-    //     #[attribute(name = "value")]
-    //                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-    pub fn name_value_literal(&self) -> Option<&Lit> {
+    /// ```text
+    /// Example:
+    ///     #[attribute(name = "value")]
+    ///                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    /// ```
+    pub fn name_value_literal(&self) -> Option<&MetaItemLit> {
         match &self.kind {
             MetaItemKind::NameValue(v) => Some(v),
             _ => None,
@@ -192,8 +190,8 @@ impl MetaItem {
     }
 
     pub fn meta_item_list(&self) -> Option<&[NestedMetaItem]> {
-        match self.kind {
-            MetaItemKind::List(ref l) => Some(&l[..]),
+        match &self.kind {
+            MetaItemKind::List(l) => Some(&**l),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -224,15 +222,11 @@ impl AttrItem {
     }
 
     pub fn meta(&self, span: Span) -> Option<MetaItem> {
-        Some(MetaItem {
-            path: self.path.clone(),
-            kind: MetaItemKind::from_mac_args(&self.args)?,
-            span,
-        })
+        Some(MetaItem { path: self.path.clone(), kind: self.meta_kind()?, span })
     }
 
     pub fn meta_kind(&self) -> Option<MetaItemKind> {
-        MetaItemKind::from_mac_args(&self.args)
+        MetaItemKind::from_attr_args(&self.args)
     }
 }
 
@@ -269,9 +263,9 @@ impl Attribute {
     /// * `#[doc = "doc"]` returns `Some("doc")`.
     /// * `#[doc(...)]` returns `None`.
     pub fn doc_str(&self) -> Option<Symbol> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::DocComment(.., data) => Some(data),
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) if normal.item.path == sym::doc => {
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::DocComment(.., data) => Some(*data),
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) if normal.item.path == sym::doc => {
                 normal.item.meta_kind().and_then(|kind| kind.value_str())
             }
             _ => None,
@@ -283,8 +277,8 @@ impl Attribute {
     }
 
     pub fn get_normal_item(&self) -> &AttrItem {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => &normal.item,
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => &normal.item,
             AttrKind::DocComment(..) => panic!("unexpected doc comment"),
         }
     }
@@ -298,28 +292,28 @@ impl Attribute {
 
     /// Extracts the MetaItem from inside this Attribute.
     pub fn meta(&self) -> Option<MetaItem> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => normal.item.meta(self.span),
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => normal.item.meta(self.span),
             AttrKind::DocComment(..) => None,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn meta_kind(&self) -> Option<MetaItemKind> {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => normal.item.meta_kind(),
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => normal.item.meta_kind(),
             AttrKind::DocComment(..) => None,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn tokens(&self) -> TokenStream {
-        match self.kind {
-            AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => normal
+        match &self.kind {
+            AttrKind::Normal(normal) => normal
                 .tokens
                 .as_ref()
                 .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("attribute is missing tokens: {:?}", self))
                 .to_attr_token_stream()
                 .to_tokenstream(),
-            AttrKind::DocComment(comment_kind, data) => TokenStream::new(vec![TokenTree::Token(
+            &AttrKind::DocComment(comment_kind, data) => TokenStream::new(vec![TokenTree::Token(
                 Token::new(token::DocComment(comment_kind, self.style, data), self.span),
                 Spacing::Alone,
             )]),
@@ -330,26 +324,13 @@ impl Attribute {
 /* Constructors */
 
 pub fn mk_name_value_item_str(ident: Ident, str: Symbol, str_span: Span) -> MetaItem {
-    let lit_kind = LitKind::Str(str, ast::StrStyle::Cooked);
-    mk_name_value_item(ident, lit_kind, str_span)
+    mk_name_value_item(ident, LitKind::Str(str, ast::StrStyle::Cooked), str_span)
 }
 
-pub fn mk_name_value_item(ident: Ident, lit_kind: LitKind, lit_span: Span) -> MetaItem {
-    let lit = Lit::from_lit_kind(lit_kind, lit_span);
+pub fn mk_name_value_item(ident: Ident, kind: LitKind, lit_span: Span) -> MetaItem {
+    let lit = MetaItemLit { token_lit: kind.to_token_lit(), kind, span: lit_span };
     let span = ident.span.to(lit_span);
-    MetaItem { path: Path::from_ident(ident), span, kind: MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit) }
-}
-
-pub fn mk_list_item(ident: Ident, items: Vec<NestedMetaItem>) -> MetaItem {
-    MetaItem { path: Path::from_ident(ident), span: ident.span, kind: MetaItemKind::List(items) }
-}
-
-pub fn mk_word_item(ident: Ident) -> MetaItem {
-    MetaItem { path: Path::from_ident(ident), span: ident.span, kind: MetaItemKind::Word }
-}
-
-pub fn mk_nested_word_item(ident: Ident) -> NestedMetaItem {
-    NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(mk_word_item(ident))
+    MetaItem { path: Path::from_ident(ident), kind: MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit), span }
 }
 
 pub struct AttrIdGenerator(WorkerLocal<Cell<u32>>);
@@ -393,7 +374,7 @@ pub fn mk_attr(
     g: &AttrIdGenerator,
     style: AttrStyle,
     path: Path,
-    args: MacArgs,
+    args: AttrArgs,
     span: Span,
 ) -> Attribute {
     mk_attr_from_item(g, AttrItem { path, args, tokens: None }, None, style, span)
@@ -407,21 +388,58 @@ pub fn mk_attr_from_item(
     span: Span,
 ) -> Attribute {
     Attribute {
-        kind: AttrKind::Normal(P(ast::NormalAttr { item, tokens })),
+        kind: AttrKind::Normal(P(NormalAttr { item, tokens })),
         id: g.mk_attr_id(),
         style,
         span,
     }
 }
 
-/// Returns an inner attribute with the given value and span.
-pub fn mk_attr_inner(g: &AttrIdGenerator, item: MetaItem) -> Attribute {
-    mk_attr(g, AttrStyle::Inner, item.path, item.kind.mac_args(item.span), item.span)
+pub fn mk_attr_word(g: &AttrIdGenerator, style: AttrStyle, name: Symbol, span: Span) -> Attribute {
+    let path = Path::from_ident(Ident::new(name, span));
+    let args = AttrArgs::Empty;
+    mk_attr(g, style, path, args, span)
+}
+
+pub fn mk_attr_name_value_str(
+    g: &AttrIdGenerator,
+    style: AttrStyle,
+    name: Symbol,
+    val: Symbol,
+    span: Span,
+) -> Attribute {
+    let lit = LitKind::Str(val, StrStyle::Cooked).to_token_lit();
+    let expr = P(Expr {
+        id: DUMMY_NODE_ID,
+        kind: ExprKind::Lit(lit),
+        span,
+        attrs: AttrVec::new(),
+        tokens: None,
+    });
+    let path = Path::from_ident(Ident::new(name, span));
+    let args = AttrArgs::Eq(span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr));
+    mk_attr(g, style, path, args, span)
 }
 
-/// Returns an outer attribute with the given value and span.
-pub fn mk_attr_outer(g: &AttrIdGenerator, item: MetaItem) -> Attribute {
-    mk_attr(g, AttrStyle::Outer, item.path, item.kind.mac_args(item.span), item.span)
+pub fn mk_attr_nested_word(
+    g: &AttrIdGenerator,
+    style: AttrStyle,
+    outer: Symbol,
+    inner: Symbol,
+    span: Span,
+) -> Attribute {
+    let inner_tokens = TokenStream::new(vec![TokenTree::Token(
+        Token::from_ast_ident(Ident::new(inner, span)),
+        Spacing::Alone,
+    )]);
+    let outer_ident = Ident::new(outer, span);
+    let path = Path::from_ident(outer_ident);
+    let attr_args = AttrArgs::Delimited(DelimArgs {
+        dspan: DelimSpan::from_single(span),
+        delim: MacDelimiter::Parenthesis,
+        tokens: inner_tokens,
+    });
+    mk_attr(g, style, path, attr_args, span)
 }
 
 pub fn mk_doc_comment(
@@ -439,23 +457,6 @@ pub fn list_contains_name(items: &[NestedMetaItem], name: Symbol) -> bool {
 }
 
 impl MetaItem {
-    fn token_trees(&self) -> Vec<TokenTree> {
-        let mut idents = vec![];
-        let mut last_pos = BytePos(0_u32);
-        for (i, segment) in self.path.segments.iter().enumerate() {
-            let is_first = i == 0;
-            if !is_first {
-                let mod_sep_span =
-                    Span::new(last_pos, segment.ident.span.lo(), segment.ident.span.ctxt(), None);
-                idents.push(TokenTree::token_alone(token::ModSep, mod_sep_span));
-            }
-            idents.push(TokenTree::Token(Token::from_ast_ident(segment.ident), Spacing::Alone));
-            last_pos = segment.ident.span.hi();
-        }
-        idents.extend(self.kind.token_trees(self.span));
-        idents
-    }
-
     fn from_tokens<I>(tokens: &mut iter::Peekable<I>) -> Option<MetaItem>
     where
         I: Iterator<Item = TokenTree>,
@@ -471,12 +472,12 @@ impl MetaItem {
                         tokens.peek()
                     {
                         tokens.next();
-                        vec![PathSegment::from_ident(Ident::new(name, span))]
+                        thin_vec![PathSegment::from_ident(Ident::new(name, span))]
                     } else {
                         break 'arm Path::from_ident(Ident::new(name, span));
                     }
                 } else {
-                    vec![PathSegment::path_root(span)]
+                    thin_vec![PathSegment::path_root(span)]
                 };
                 loop {
                     if let Some(TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: token::Ident(name, _), span }, _)) =
@@ -497,17 +498,17 @@ impl MetaItem {
                 let span = span.with_hi(segments.last().unwrap().ident.span.hi());
                 Path { span, segments, tokens: None }
             }
-            Some(TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: token::Interpolated(nt), .. }, _)) => match *nt {
-                token::Nonterminal::NtMeta(ref item) => return item.meta(item.path.span),
-                token::Nonterminal::NtPath(ref path) => (**path).clone(),
+            Some(TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: token::Interpolated(nt), .. }, _)) => match &*nt {
+                token::Nonterminal::NtMeta(item) => return item.meta(item.path.span),
+                token::Nonterminal::NtPath(path) => (**path).clone(),
                 _ => return None,
             },
             _ => return None,
         };
         let list_closing_paren_pos = tokens.peek().map(|tt| tt.span().hi());
         let kind = MetaItemKind::from_tokens(tokens)?;
-        let hi = match kind {
-            MetaItemKind::NameValue(ref lit) => lit.span.hi(),
+        let hi = match &kind {
+            MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit) => lit.span.hi(),
             MetaItemKind::List(..) => list_closing_paren_pos.unwrap_or(path.span.hi()),
             _ => path.span.hi(),
         };
@@ -519,70 +520,14 @@ impl MetaItem {
 impl MetaItemKind {
     pub fn value_str(&self) -> Option<Symbol> {
         match self {
-            MetaItemKind::NameValue(ref v) => match v.kind {
-                LitKind::Str(ref s, _) => Some(*s),
+            MetaItemKind::NameValue(v) => match v.kind {
+                LitKind::Str(s, _) => Some(s),
                 _ => None,
             },
             _ => None,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn mac_args(&self, span: Span) -> MacArgs {
-        match self {
-            MetaItemKind::Word => MacArgs::Empty,
-            MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit) => {
-                let expr = P(ast::Expr {
-                    id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
-                    kind: ast::ExprKind::Lit(lit.clone()),
-                    span: lit.span,
-                    attrs: ast::AttrVec::new(),
-                    tokens: None,
-                });
-                MacArgs::Eq(span, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr))
-            }
-            MetaItemKind::List(list) => {
-                let mut tts = Vec::new();
-                for (i, item) in list.iter().enumerate() {
-                    if i > 0 {
-                        tts.push(TokenTree::token_alone(token::Comma, span));
-                    }
-                    tts.extend(item.token_trees())
-                }
-                MacArgs::Delimited(
-                    DelimSpan::from_single(span),
-                    MacDelimiter::Parenthesis,
-                    TokenStream::new(tts),
-                )
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn token_trees(&self, span: Span) -> Vec<TokenTree> {
-        match *self {
-            MetaItemKind::Word => vec![],
-            MetaItemKind::NameValue(ref lit) => {
-                vec![
-                    TokenTree::token_alone(token::Eq, span),
-                    TokenTree::Token(lit.to_token(), Spacing::Alone),
-                ]
-            }
-            MetaItemKind::List(ref list) => {
-                let mut tokens = Vec::new();
-                for (i, item) in list.iter().enumerate() {
-                    if i > 0 {
-                        tokens.push(TokenTree::token_alone(token::Comma, span));
-                    }
-                    tokens.extend(item.token_trees())
-                }
-                vec![TokenTree::Delimited(
-                    DelimSpan::from_single(span),
-                    Delimiter::Parenthesis,
-                    TokenStream::new(tokens),
-                )]
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     fn list_from_tokens(tokens: TokenStream) -> Option<MetaItemKind> {
         let mut tokens = tokens.into_trees().peekable();
         let mut result = Vec::new();
@@ -605,24 +550,31 @@ impl MetaItemKind {
                 MetaItemKind::name_value_from_tokens(&mut inner_tokens.into_trees())
             }
             Some(TokenTree::Token(token, _)) => {
-                Lit::from_token(&token).ok().map(MetaItemKind::NameValue)
+                MetaItemLit::from_token(&token).map(MetaItemKind::NameValue)
             }
             _ => None,
         }
     }
 
-    fn from_mac_args(args: &MacArgs) -> Option<MetaItemKind> {
+    fn from_attr_args(args: &AttrArgs) -> Option<MetaItemKind> {
         match args {
-            MacArgs::Empty => Some(MetaItemKind::Word),
-            MacArgs::Delimited(_, MacDelimiter::Parenthesis, tokens) => {
-                MetaItemKind::list_from_tokens(tokens.clone())
-            }
-            MacArgs::Delimited(..) => None,
-            MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => match &expr.kind {
-                ast::ExprKind::Lit(lit) => Some(MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit.clone())),
+            AttrArgs::Empty => Some(MetaItemKind::Word),
+            AttrArgs::Delimited(DelimArgs {
+                dspan: _,
+                delim: MacDelimiter::Parenthesis,
+                tokens,
+            }) => MetaItemKind::list_from_tokens(tokens.clone()),
+            AttrArgs::Delimited(..) => None,
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => match expr.kind {
+                ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) => {
+                    // Turn failures to `None`, we'll get parse errors elsewhere.
+                    MetaItemLit::from_token_lit(token_lit, expr.span)
+                        .ok()
+                        .map(|lit| MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit))
+                }
                 _ => None,
             },
-            MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => Some(MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit.clone())),
+            AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => Some(MetaItemKind::NameValue(lit.clone())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -647,18 +599,9 @@ impl MetaItemKind {
 
 impl NestedMetaItem {
     pub fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        match *self {
-            NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(ref item) => item.span,
-            NestedMetaItem::Literal(ref lit) => lit.span,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn token_trees(&self) -> Vec<TokenTree> {
-        match *self {
-            NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(ref item) => item.token_trees(),
-            NestedMetaItem::Literal(ref lit) => {
-                vec![TokenTree::Token(lit.to_token(), Spacing::Alone)]
-            }
+        match self {
+            NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(item) => item.span,
+            NestedMetaItem::Lit(lit) => lit.span,
         }
     }
 
@@ -668,10 +611,10 @@ impl NestedMetaItem {
     {
         match tokens.peek() {
             Some(TokenTree::Token(token, _))
-                if let Ok(lit) = Lit::from_token(token) =>
+                if let Some(lit) = MetaItemLit::from_token(token) =>
             {
                 tokens.next();
-                return Some(NestedMetaItem::Literal(lit));
+                return Some(NestedMetaItem::Lit(lit));
             }
             Some(TokenTree::Delimited(_, Delimiter::Invisible, inner_tokens)) => {
                 let inner_tokens = inner_tokens.clone();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
index eeb7e56e2..9c1dfeb1a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/lib.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ extern crate rustc_macros;
 extern crate tracing;
 
 pub mod util {
+    pub mod case;
     pub mod classify;
     pub mod comments;
     pub mod literal;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
index b970e57e0..a45ee6067 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/mut_visit.rs
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ pub trait MutVisitor: Sized {
         noop_visit_path(p, self);
     }
 
-    fn visit_qself(&mut self, qs: &mut Option<QSelf>) {
+    fn visit_qself(&mut self, qs: &mut Option<P<QSelf>>) {
         noop_visit_qself(qs, self);
     }
 
@@ -367,23 +367,27 @@ pub fn visit_fn_sig<T: MutVisitor>(FnSig { header, decl, span }: &mut FnSig, vis
 }
 
 // No `noop_` prefix because there isn't a corresponding method in `MutVisitor`.
-pub fn visit_mac_args<T: MutVisitor>(args: &mut MacArgs, vis: &mut T) {
+pub fn visit_attr_args<T: MutVisitor>(args: &mut AttrArgs, vis: &mut T) {
     match args {
-        MacArgs::Empty => {}
-        MacArgs::Delimited(dspan, _delim, tokens) => {
-            visit_delim_span(dspan, vis);
-            visit_tts(tokens, vis);
-        }
-        MacArgs::Eq(eq_span, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => {
+        AttrArgs::Empty => {}
+        AttrArgs::Delimited(args) => visit_delim_args(args, vis),
+        AttrArgs::Eq(eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => {
             vis.visit_span(eq_span);
             vis.visit_expr(expr);
         }
-        MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
+        AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
             unreachable!("in literal form when visiting mac args eq: {:?}", lit)
         }
     }
 }
 
+// No `noop_` prefix because there isn't a corresponding method in `MutVisitor`.
+pub fn visit_delim_args<T: MutVisitor>(args: &mut DelimArgs, vis: &mut T) {
+    let DelimArgs { dspan, delim: _, tokens } = args;
+    visit_delim_span(dspan, vis);
+    visit_tts(tokens, vis);
+}
+
 pub fn visit_delim_span<T: MutVisitor>(dspan: &mut DelimSpan, vis: &mut T) {
     vis.visit_span(&mut dspan.open);
     vis.visit_span(&mut dspan.close);
@@ -406,11 +410,7 @@ pub fn noop_visit_use_tree<T: MutVisitor>(use_tree: &mut UseTree, vis: &mut T) {
     let UseTree { prefix, kind, span } = use_tree;
     vis.visit_path(prefix);
     match kind {
-        UseTreeKind::Simple(rename, id1, id2) => {
-            visit_opt(rename, |rename| vis.visit_ident(rename));
-            vis.visit_id(id1);
-            vis.visit_id(id2);
-        }
+        UseTreeKind::Simple(rename) => visit_opt(rename, |rename| vis.visit_ident(rename)),
         UseTreeKind::Nested(items) => {
             for (tree, id) in items {
                 vis.visit_use_tree(tree);
@@ -439,15 +439,15 @@ pub fn noop_visit_constraint<T: MutVisitor>(
 ) {
     vis.visit_id(id);
     vis.visit_ident(ident);
-    if let Some(ref mut gen_args) = gen_args {
+    if let Some(gen_args) = gen_args {
         vis.visit_generic_args(gen_args);
     }
     match kind {
-        AssocConstraintKind::Equality { ref mut term } => match term {
+        AssocConstraintKind::Equality { term } => match term {
             Term::Ty(ty) => vis.visit_ty(ty),
             Term::Const(c) => vis.visit_anon_const(c),
         },
-        AssocConstraintKind::Bound { ref mut bounds } => visit_bounds(bounds, vis),
+        AssocConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } => visit_bounds(bounds, vis),
     }
     vis.visit_span(span);
 }
@@ -529,8 +529,9 @@ pub fn noop_visit_path<T: MutVisitor>(Path { segments, span, tokens }: &mut Path
     visit_lazy_tts(tokens, vis);
 }
 
-pub fn noop_visit_qself<T: MutVisitor>(qself: &mut Option<QSelf>, vis: &mut T) {
-    visit_opt(qself, |QSelf { ty, path_span, position: _ }| {
+pub fn noop_visit_qself<T: MutVisitor>(qself: &mut Option<P<QSelf>>, vis: &mut T) {
+    visit_opt(qself, |qself| {
+        let QSelf { ty, path_span, position: _ } = &mut **qself;
         vis.visit_ty(ty);
         vis.visit_span(path_span);
     })
@@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ pub fn noop_visit_attribute<T: MutVisitor>(attr: &mut Attribute, vis: &mut T) {
             let NormalAttr { item: AttrItem { path, args, tokens }, tokens: attr_tokens } =
                 &mut **normal;
             vis.visit_path(path);
-            visit_mac_args(args, vis);
+            visit_attr_args(args, vis);
             visit_lazy_tts(tokens, vis);
             visit_lazy_tts(attr_tokens, vis);
         }
@@ -612,18 +613,18 @@ pub fn noop_visit_attribute<T: MutVisitor>(attr: &mut Attribute, vis: &mut T) {
 pub fn noop_visit_mac<T: MutVisitor>(mac: &mut MacCall, vis: &mut T) {
     let MacCall { path, args, prior_type_ascription: _ } = mac;
     vis.visit_path(path);
-    visit_mac_args(args, vis);
+    visit_delim_args(args, vis);
 }
 
 pub fn noop_visit_macro_def<T: MutVisitor>(macro_def: &mut MacroDef, vis: &mut T) {
     let MacroDef { body, macro_rules: _ } = macro_def;
-    visit_mac_args(body, vis);
+    visit_delim_args(body, vis);
 }
 
 pub fn noop_visit_meta_list_item<T: MutVisitor>(li: &mut NestedMetaItem, vis: &mut T) {
     match li {
         NestedMetaItem::MetaItem(mi) => vis.visit_meta_item(mi),
-        NestedMetaItem::Literal(_lit) => {}
+        NestedMetaItem::Lit(_lit) => {}
     }
 }
 
@@ -720,10 +721,10 @@ pub fn visit_lazy_tts<T: MutVisitor>(lazy_tts: &mut Option<LazyAttrTokenStream>,
     visit_lazy_tts_opt_mut(lazy_tts.as_mut(), vis);
 }
 
+/// Applies ident visitor if it's an ident; applies other visits to interpolated nodes.
+/// In practice the ident part is not actually used by specific visitors right now,
+/// but there's a test below checking that it works.
 // No `noop_` prefix because there isn't a corresponding method in `MutVisitor`.
-// Applies ident visitor if it's an ident; applies other visits to interpolated nodes.
-// In practice the ident part is not actually used by specific visitors right now,
-// but there's a test below checking that it works.
 pub fn visit_token<T: MutVisitor>(t: &mut Token, vis: &mut T) {
     let Token { kind, span } = t;
     match kind {
@@ -735,8 +736,7 @@ pub fn visit_token<T: MutVisitor>(t: &mut Token, vis: &mut T) {
             return; // Avoid visiting the span for the second time.
         }
         token::Interpolated(nt) => {
-            let mut nt = Lrc::make_mut(nt);
-            visit_nonterminal(&mut nt, vis);
+            visit_nonterminal(Lrc::make_mut(nt), vis);
         }
         _ => {}
     }
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ pub fn visit_nonterminal<T: MutVisitor>(nt: &mut token::Nonterminal, vis: &mut T
         token::NtMeta(item) => {
             let AttrItem { path, args, tokens } = item.deref_mut();
             vis.visit_path(path);
-            visit_mac_args(args, vis);
+            visit_attr_args(args, vis);
             visit_lazy_tts(tokens, vis);
         }
         token::NtPath(path) => vis.visit_path(path),
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ pub fn noop_flat_map_generic_param<T: MutVisitor>(
     let GenericParam { id, ident, attrs, bounds, kind, colon_span, is_placeholder: _ } = &mut param;
     vis.visit_id(id);
     vis.visit_ident(ident);
-    if let Some(ref mut colon_span) = colon_span {
+    if let Some(colon_span) = colon_span {
         vis.visit_span(colon_span);
     }
     visit_attrs(attrs, vis);
@@ -1303,12 +1303,17 @@ pub fn noop_visit_expr<T: MutVisitor>(
             vis.visit_expr(f);
             visit_exprs(args, vis);
         }
-        ExprKind::MethodCall(PathSegment { ident, id, args }, receiver, exprs, span) => {
+        ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall {
+            seg: PathSegment { ident, id, args: seg_args },
+            receiver,
+            args: call_args,
+            span,
+        }) => {
             vis.visit_ident(ident);
             vis.visit_id(id);
-            visit_opt(args, |args| vis.visit_generic_args(args));
+            visit_opt(seg_args, |args| vis.visit_generic_args(args));
             vis.visit_method_receiver_expr(receiver);
-            visit_exprs(exprs, vis);
+            visit_exprs(call_args, vis);
             vis.visit_span(span);
         }
         ExprKind::Binary(_binop, lhs, rhs) => {
@@ -1345,20 +1350,30 @@ pub fn noop_visit_expr<T: MutVisitor>(
             vis.visit_block(body);
             visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
         }
-        ExprKind::Loop(body, label) => {
+        ExprKind::Loop(body, label, span) => {
             vis.visit_block(body);
             visit_opt(label, |label| vis.visit_label(label));
+            vis.visit_span(span);
         }
         ExprKind::Match(expr, arms) => {
             vis.visit_expr(expr);
             arms.flat_map_in_place(|arm| vis.flat_map_arm(arm));
         }
-        ExprKind::Closure(binder, _capture_by, asyncness, _movability, decl, body, span) => {
+        ExprKind::Closure(box Closure {
+            binder,
+            capture_clause: _,
+            asyncness,
+            movability: _,
+            fn_decl,
+            body,
+            fn_decl_span,
+            fn_arg_span: _,
+        }) => {
             vis.visit_closure_binder(binder);
             vis.visit_asyncness(asyncness);
-            vis.visit_fn_decl(decl);
+            vis.visit_fn_decl(fn_decl);
             vis.visit_expr(body);
-            vis.visit_span(span);
+            vis.visit_span(fn_decl_span);
         }
         ExprKind::Block(blk, label) => {
             vis.visit_block(blk);
@@ -1428,7 +1443,7 @@ pub fn noop_visit_expr<T: MutVisitor>(
         }
         ExprKind::Try(expr) => vis.visit_expr(expr),
         ExprKind::TryBlock(body) => vis.visit_block(body),
-        ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::Err => {}
+        ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::IncludedBytes(..) | ExprKind::Err => {}
     }
     vis.visit_id(id);
     vis.visit_span(span);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
index 83b10d906..c0cc4e79a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pub use TokenKind::*;
 
 use crate::ast;
 use crate::ptr::P;
+use crate::util::case::Case;
 
 use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_data_structures::sync::Lrc;
@@ -58,13 +59,17 @@ pub enum Delimiter {
     Invisible,
 }
 
+// Note that the suffix is *not* considered when deciding the `LitKind` in this
+// type. This means that float literals like `1f32` are classified by this type
+// as `Int`. Only upon conversion to `ast::LitKind` will such a literal be
+// given the `Float` kind.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum LitKind {
     Bool, // AST only, must never appear in a `Token`
     Byte,
     Char,
-    Integer,
-    Float,
+    Integer, // e.g. `1`, `1u8`, `1f32`
+    Float,   // e.g. `1.`, `1.0`, `1e3f32`
     Str,
     StrRaw(u8), // raw string delimited by `n` hash symbols
     ByteStr,
@@ -80,6 +85,42 @@ pub struct Lit {
     pub suffix: Option<Symbol>,
 }
 
+impl Lit {
+    pub fn new(kind: LitKind, symbol: Symbol, suffix: Option<Symbol>) -> Lit {
+        Lit { kind, symbol, suffix }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this is semantically a float literal. This includes
+    /// ones like `1f32` that have an `Integer` kind but a float suffix.
+    pub fn is_semantic_float(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind {
+            LitKind::Float => true,
+            LitKind::Integer => match self.suffix {
+                Some(sym) => sym == sym::f32 || sym == sym::f64,
+                None => false,
+            },
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Keep this in sync with `Token::can_begin_literal_or_bool` excluding unary negation.
+    pub fn from_token(token: &Token) -> Option<Lit> {
+        match token.uninterpolate().kind {
+            Ident(name, false) if name.is_bool_lit() => {
+                Some(Lit::new(Bool, name, None))
+            }
+            Literal(token_lit) => Some(token_lit),
+            Interpolated(ref nt)
+                if let NtExpr(expr) | NtLiteral(expr) = &**nt
+                && let ast::ExprKind::Lit(token_lit) = expr.kind =>
+            {
+                Some(token_lit.clone())
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl fmt::Display for Lit {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         let Lit { kind, symbol, suffix } = *self;
@@ -138,12 +179,6 @@ impl LitKind {
     }
 }
 
-impl Lit {
-    pub fn new(kind: LitKind, symbol: Symbol, suffix: Option<Symbol>) -> Lit {
-        Lit { kind, symbol, suffix }
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn ident_can_begin_expr(name: Symbol, span: Span, is_raw: bool) -> bool {
     let ident_token = Token::new(Ident(name, is_raw), span);
 
@@ -267,9 +302,9 @@ impl TokenKind {
         Literal(Lit::new(kind, symbol, suffix))
     }
 
-    // An approximation to proc-macro-style single-character operators used by rustc parser.
-    // If the operator token can be broken into two tokens, the first of which is single-character,
-    // then this function performs that operation, otherwise it returns `None`.
+    /// An approximation to proc-macro-style single-character operators used by rustc parser.
+    /// If the operator token can be broken into two tokens, the first of which is single-character,
+    /// then this function performs that operation, otherwise it returns `None`.
     pub fn break_two_token_op(&self) -> Option<(TokenKind, TokenKind)> {
         Some(match *self {
             Le => (Lt, Eq),
@@ -503,10 +538,10 @@ impl Token {
         }
     }
 
-    // A convenience function for matching on identifiers during parsing.
-    // Turns interpolated identifier (`$i: ident`) or lifetime (`$l: lifetime`) token
-    // into the regular identifier or lifetime token it refers to,
-    // otherwise returns the original token.
+    /// A convenience function for matching on identifiers during parsing.
+    /// Turns interpolated identifier (`$i: ident`) or lifetime (`$l: lifetime`) token
+    /// into the regular identifier or lifetime token it refers to,
+    /// otherwise returns the original token.
     pub fn uninterpolate(&self) -> Cow<'_, Token> {
         match &self.kind {
             Interpolated(nt) => match **nt {
@@ -566,9 +601,10 @@ impl Token {
 
     /// Returns `true` if the token is an interpolated path.
     fn is_path(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Interpolated(ref nt) = self.kind && let NtPath(..) = **nt {
+        if let Interpolated(nt) = &self.kind && let NtPath(..) = **nt {
             return true;
         }
+
         false
     }
 
@@ -576,7 +612,7 @@ impl Token {
     /// That is, is this a pre-parsed expression dropped into the token stream
     /// (which happens while parsing the result of macro expansion)?
     pub fn is_whole_expr(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Interpolated(ref nt) = self.kind
+        if let Interpolated(nt) = &self.kind
             && let NtExpr(_) | NtLiteral(_) | NtPath(_) | NtBlock(_) = **nt
         {
             return true;
@@ -585,11 +621,12 @@ impl Token {
         false
     }
 
-    // Is the token an interpolated block (`$b:block`)?
+    /// Is the token an interpolated block (`$b:block`)?
     pub fn is_whole_block(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Interpolated(ref nt) = self.kind && let NtBlock(..) = **nt {
+        if let Interpolated(nt) = &self.kind && let NtBlock(..) = **nt {
             return true;
         }
+
         false
     }
 
@@ -615,12 +652,21 @@ impl Token {
         self.is_non_raw_ident_where(|id| id.name == kw)
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the token is a given keyword, `kw` or if `case` is `Insensitive` and this token is an identifier equal to `kw` ignoring the case.
+    pub fn is_keyword_case(&self, kw: Symbol, case: Case) -> bool {
+        self.is_keyword(kw)
+            || (case == Case::Insensitive
+                && self.is_non_raw_ident_where(|id| {
+                    id.name.as_str().to_lowercase() == kw.as_str().to_lowercase()
+                }))
+    }
+
     pub fn is_path_segment_keyword(&self) -> bool {
         self.is_non_raw_ident_where(Ident::is_path_segment_keyword)
     }
 
-    // Returns true for reserved identifiers used internally for elided lifetimes,
-    // unnamed method parameters, crate root module, error recovery etc.
+    /// Returns true for reserved identifiers used internally for elided lifetimes,
+    /// unnamed method parameters, crate root module, error recovery etc.
     pub fn is_special_ident(&self) -> bool {
         self.is_non_raw_ident_where(Ident::is_special)
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
index 015f5c1ee..482c30295 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl TokenTree {
         match (self, other) {
             (TokenTree::Token(token, _), TokenTree::Token(token2, _)) => token.kind == token2.kind,
             (TokenTree::Delimited(_, delim, tts), TokenTree::Delimited(_, delim2, tts2)) => {
-                delim == delim2 && tts.eq_unspanned(&tts2)
+                delim == delim2 && tts.eq_unspanned(tts2)
             }
             _ => false,
         }
@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ impl TokenTree {
         }
     }
 
-    // Create a `TokenTree::Token` with alone spacing.
+    /// Create a `TokenTree::Token` with alone spacing.
     pub fn token_alone(kind: TokenKind, span: Span) -> TokenTree {
         TokenTree::Token(Token::new(kind, span), Spacing::Alone)
     }
 
-    // Create a `TokenTree::Token` with joint spacing.
+    /// Create a `TokenTree::Token` with joint spacing.
     pub fn token_joint(kind: TokenKind, span: Span) -> TokenTree {
         TokenTree::Token(Token::new(kind, span), Spacing::Joint)
     }
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ impl TokenStream {
         let mut t1 = self.trees();
         let mut t2 = other.trees();
         for (t1, t2) in iter::zip(&mut t1, &mut t2) {
-            if !t1.eq_unspanned(&t2) {
+            if !t1.eq_unspanned(t2) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -413,17 +413,17 @@ impl TokenStream {
         TokenStream(Lrc::new(self.0.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, tree)| f(i, tree)).collect()))
     }
 
-    // Create a token stream containing a single token with alone spacing.
+    /// Create a token stream containing a single token with alone spacing.
     pub fn token_alone(kind: TokenKind, span: Span) -> TokenStream {
         TokenStream::new(vec![TokenTree::token_alone(kind, span)])
     }
 
-    // Create a token stream containing a single token with joint spacing.
+    /// Create a token stream containing a single token with joint spacing.
     pub fn token_joint(kind: TokenKind, span: Span) -> TokenStream {
         TokenStream::new(vec![TokenTree::token_joint(kind, span)])
     }
 
-    // Create a token stream containing a single `Delimited`.
+    /// Create a token stream containing a single `Delimited`.
     pub fn delimited(span: DelimSpan, delim: Delimiter, tts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
         TokenStream::new(vec![TokenTree::Delimited(span, delim, tts)])
     }
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ impl TokenStream {
             token::Interpolated(nt) => TokenTree::Delimited(
                 DelimSpan::from_single(token.span),
                 Delimiter::Invisible,
-                TokenStream::from_nonterminal_ast(&nt).flattened(),
+                TokenStream::from_nonterminal_ast(nt).flattened(),
             ),
             _ => TokenTree::Token(token.clone(), spacing),
         }
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ impl TokenStream {
     fn try_glue_to_last(vec: &mut Vec<TokenTree>, tt: &TokenTree) -> bool {
         if let Some(TokenTree::Token(last_tok, Spacing::Joint)) = vec.last()
             && let TokenTree::Token(tok, spacing) = tt
-            && let Some(glued_tok) = last_tok.glue(&tok)
+            && let Some(glued_tok) = last_tok.glue(tok)
         {
             // ...then overwrite the last token tree in `vec` with the
             // glued token, and skip the first token tree from `stream`.
@@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ impl TokenStream {
         }
     }
 
-    // Push `tt` onto the end of the stream, possibly gluing it to the last
-    // token. Uses `make_mut` to maximize efficiency.
+    /// Push `tt` onto the end of the stream, possibly gluing it to the last
+    /// token. Uses `make_mut` to maximize efficiency.
     pub fn push_tree(&mut self, tt: TokenTree) {
         let vec_mut = Lrc::make_mut(&mut self.0);
 
@@ -534,9 +534,9 @@ impl TokenStream {
         }
     }
 
-    // Push `stream` onto the end of the stream, possibly gluing the first
-    // token tree to the last token. (No other token trees will be glued.)
-    // Uses `make_mut` to maximize efficiency.
+    /// Push `stream` onto the end of the stream, possibly gluing the first
+    /// token tree to the last token. (No other token trees will be glued.)
+    /// Uses `make_mut` to maximize efficiency.
     pub fn push_stream(&mut self, stream: TokenStream) {
         let vec_mut = Lrc::make_mut(&mut self.0);
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/case.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/case.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1afd7dea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/case.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/// Whatever to ignore case (`fn` vs `Fn` vs `FN`) or not. Used for recovering.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Case {
+    Sensitive,
+    Insensitive,
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/classify.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/classify.rs
index 6ea3db6d3..cdc244c12 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/classify.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/classify.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub fn expr_requires_semi_to_be_stmt(e: &ast::Expr) -> bool {
             | ast::ExprKind::Loop(..)
             | ast::ExprKind::ForLoop(..)
             | ast::ExprKind::TryBlock(..)
+            | ast::ExprKind::ConstBlock(..)
     )
 }
 
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ pub fn expr_trailing_brace(mut expr: &ast::Expr) -> Option<&ast::Expr> {
             | Binary(_, _, e)
             | Box(e)
             | Break(_, Some(e))
-            | Closure(.., e, _)
             | Let(_, e, _)
             | Range(_, Some(e), _)
             | Ret(Some(e))
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ pub fn expr_trailing_brace(mut expr: &ast::Expr) -> Option<&ast::Expr> {
             | Yield(Some(e)) => {
                 expr = e;
             }
+            Closure(closure) => {
+                expr = &closure.body;
+            }
             Async(..) | Block(..) | ForLoop(..) | If(..) | Loop(..) | Match(..) | Struct(..)
             | TryBlock(..) | While(..) => break Some(expr),
             _ => break None,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/comments.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/comments.rs
index c96474ccb..35454c3a6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/comments.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/comments.rs
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ pub fn beautify_doc_string(data: Symbol, kind: CommentKind) -> Symbol {
         } else {
             &mut lines
         };
-        if let Some(horizontal) = get_horizontal_trim(&lines, kind) {
+        if let Some(horizontal) = get_horizontal_trim(lines, kind) {
             changes = true;
             // remove a "[ \t]*\*" block from each line, if possible
             for line in lines.iter_mut() {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ fn all_whitespace(s: &str, col: CharPos) -> Option<usize> {
 
 fn trim_whitespace_prefix(s: &str, col: CharPos) -> &str {
     let len = s.len();
-    match all_whitespace(&s, col) {
+    match all_whitespace(s, col) {
         Some(col) => {
             if col < len {
                 &s[col..]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs
index 536b38560..f6f186b51 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/literal.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 //! Code related to parsing literals.
 
-use crate::ast::{self, Lit, LitKind};
+use crate::ast::{self, LitKind, MetaItemLit};
 use crate::token::{self, Token};
-
-use rustc_lexer::unescape::{unescape_byte, unescape_char};
-use rustc_lexer::unescape::{unescape_byte_literal, unescape_literal, Mode};
+use rustc_lexer::unescape::{byte_from_char, unescape_byte, unescape_char, unescape_literal, Mode};
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::Span;
-
 use std::ascii;
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum LitError {
-    NotLiteral,
     LexerError,
     InvalidSuffix,
     InvalidIntSuffix,
@@ -55,14 +52,14 @@ impl LitKind {
                 // new symbol because the string in the LitKind is different to the
                 // string in the token.
                 let s = symbol.as_str();
-                let symbol = if s.contains(&['\\', '\r']) {
+                let symbol = if s.contains(['\\', '\r']) {
                     let mut buf = String::with_capacity(s.len());
                     let mut error = Ok(());
                     // Force-inlining here is aggressive but the closure is
                     // called on every char in the string, so it can be
                     // hot in programs with many long strings.
                     unescape_literal(
-                        &s,
+                        s,
                         Mode::Str,
                         &mut #[inline(always)]
                         |_, unescaped_char| match unescaped_char {
@@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ impl LitKind {
                     if s.contains('\r') {
                         let mut buf = String::with_capacity(s.len());
                         let mut error = Ok(());
-                        unescape_literal(&s, Mode::RawStr, &mut |_, unescaped_char| {
+                        unescape_literal(s, Mode::RawStr, &mut |_, unescaped_char| {
                             match unescaped_char {
                                 Ok(c) => buf.push(c),
                                 Err(err) => {
@@ -109,13 +106,11 @@ impl LitKind {
                 let s = symbol.as_str();
                 let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(s.len());
                 let mut error = Ok(());
-                unescape_byte_literal(&s, Mode::ByteStr, &mut |_, unescaped_byte| {
-                    match unescaped_byte {
-                        Ok(c) => buf.push(c),
-                        Err(err) => {
-                            if err.is_fatal() {
-                                error = Err(LitError::LexerError);
-                            }
+                unescape_literal(s, Mode::ByteStr, &mut |_, c| match c {
+                    Ok(c) => buf.push(byte_from_char(c)),
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        if err.is_fatal() {
+                            error = Err(LitError::LexerError);
                         }
                     }
                 });
@@ -127,13 +122,11 @@ impl LitKind {
                 let bytes = if s.contains('\r') {
                     let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(s.len());
                     let mut error = Ok(());
-                    unescape_byte_literal(&s, Mode::RawByteStr, &mut |_, unescaped_byte| {
-                        match unescaped_byte {
-                            Ok(c) => buf.push(c),
-                            Err(err) => {
-                                if err.is_fatal() {
-                                    error = Err(LitError::LexerError);
-                                }
+                    unescape_literal(s, Mode::RawByteStr, &mut |_, c| match c {
+                        Ok(c) => buf.push(byte_from_char(c)),
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            if err.is_fatal() {
+                                error = Err(LitError::LexerError);
                             }
                         }
                     });
@@ -202,49 +195,16 @@ impl LitKind {
     }
 }
 
-impl Lit {
-    /// Converts literal token into an AST literal.
-    pub fn from_token_lit(token_lit: token::Lit, span: Span) -> Result<Lit, LitError> {
-        Ok(Lit { token_lit, kind: LitKind::from_token_lit(token_lit)?, span })
-    }
-
-    /// Converts arbitrary token into an AST literal.
-    ///
-    /// Keep this in sync with `Token::can_begin_literal_or_bool` excluding unary negation.
-    pub fn from_token(token: &Token) -> Result<Lit, LitError> {
-        let lit = match token.uninterpolate().kind {
-            token::Ident(name, false) if name.is_bool_lit() => {
-                token::Lit::new(token::Bool, name, None)
-            }
-            token::Literal(lit) => lit,
-            token::Interpolated(ref nt) => {
-                if let token::NtExpr(expr) | token::NtLiteral(expr) = &**nt
-                    && let ast::ExprKind::Lit(lit) = &expr.kind
-                {
-                    return Ok(lit.clone());
-                }
-                return Err(LitError::NotLiteral);
-            }
-            _ => return Err(LitError::NotLiteral),
-        };
-
-        Lit::from_token_lit(lit, token.span)
-    }
-
-    /// Attempts to recover an AST literal from semantic literal.
-    /// This function is used when the original token doesn't exist (e.g. the literal is created
-    /// by an AST-based macro) or unavailable (e.g. from HIR pretty-printing).
-    pub fn from_lit_kind(kind: LitKind, span: Span) -> Lit {
-        Lit { token_lit: kind.to_token_lit(), kind, span }
+impl MetaItemLit {
+    /// Converts token literal into a meta item literal.
+    pub fn from_token_lit(token_lit: token::Lit, span: Span) -> Result<MetaItemLit, LitError> {
+        Ok(MetaItemLit { token_lit, kind: LitKind::from_token_lit(token_lit)?, span })
     }
 
-    /// Losslessly convert an AST literal into a token.
-    pub fn to_token(&self) -> Token {
-        let kind = match self.token_lit.kind {
-            token::Bool => token::Ident(self.token_lit.symbol, false),
-            _ => token::Literal(self.token_lit),
-        };
-        Token::new(kind, self.span)
+    /// Converts an arbitrary token into meta item literal.
+    pub fn from_token(token: &Token) -> Option<MetaItemLit> {
+        token::Lit::from_token(token)
+            .and_then(|token_lit| MetaItemLit::from_token_lit(token_lit, token.span).ok())
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/parser.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/parser.rs
index b40ad6f70..819f1884a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/parser.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/parser.rs
@@ -377,28 +377,28 @@ pub fn needs_par_as_let_scrutinee(order: i8) -> bool {
 /// parens or other delimiters, e.g., `X { y: 1 }`, `X { y: 1 }.method()`, `foo == X { y: 1 }` and
 /// `X { y: 1 } == foo` all do, but `(X { y: 1 }) == foo` does not.
 pub fn contains_exterior_struct_lit(value: &ast::Expr) -> bool {
-    match value.kind {
+    match &value.kind {
         ast::ExprKind::Struct(..) => true,
 
-        ast::ExprKind::Assign(ref lhs, ref rhs, _)
-        | ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(_, ref lhs, ref rhs)
-        | ast::ExprKind::Binary(_, ref lhs, ref rhs) => {
+        ast::ExprKind::Assign(lhs, rhs, _)
+        | ast::ExprKind::AssignOp(_, lhs, rhs)
+        | ast::ExprKind::Binary(_, lhs, rhs) => {
             // X { y: 1 } + X { y: 2 }
-            contains_exterior_struct_lit(&lhs) || contains_exterior_struct_lit(&rhs)
+            contains_exterior_struct_lit(lhs) || contains_exterior_struct_lit(rhs)
         }
-        ast::ExprKind::Await(ref x)
-        | ast::ExprKind::Unary(_, ref x)
-        | ast::ExprKind::Cast(ref x, _)
-        | ast::ExprKind::Type(ref x, _)
-        | ast::ExprKind::Field(ref x, _)
-        | ast::ExprKind::Index(ref x, _) => {
+        ast::ExprKind::Await(x)
+        | ast::ExprKind::Unary(_, x)
+        | ast::ExprKind::Cast(x, _)
+        | ast::ExprKind::Type(x, _)
+        | ast::ExprKind::Field(x, _)
+        | ast::ExprKind::Index(x, _) => {
             // &X { y: 1 }, X { y: 1 }.y
-            contains_exterior_struct_lit(&x)
+            contains_exterior_struct_lit(x)
         }
 
-        ast::ExprKind::MethodCall(_, ref receiver, _, _) => {
+        ast::ExprKind::MethodCall(box ast::MethodCall { receiver, .. }) => {
             // X { y: 1 }.bar(...)
-            contains_exterior_struct_lit(&receiver)
+            contains_exterior_struct_lit(receiver)
         }
 
         _ => false,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/unicode.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/unicode.rs
index f009f7b30..0eae791b2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/unicode.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/util/unicode.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub fn contains_text_flow_control_chars(s: &str) -> bool {
     // U+2069 - E2 81 A9
     let mut bytes = s.as_bytes();
     loop {
-        match core::slice::memchr::memchr(0xE2, &bytes) {
+        match core::slice::memchr::memchr(0xE2, bytes) {
             Some(idx) => {
                 // bytes are valid UTF-8 -> E2 must be followed by two bytes
                 let ch = &bytes[idx..idx + 3];
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
index 6f56c1ef0..991eb489f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/visit.rs
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ pub trait Visitor<'ast>: Sized {
 macro_rules! walk_list {
     ($visitor: expr, $method: ident, $list: expr $(, $($extra_args: expr),* )?) => {
         {
-            #[cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), allow(for_loops_over_fallibles))]
+            #[allow(for_loops_over_fallibles)]
             for elem in $list {
                 $visitor.$method(elem $(, $($extra_args,)* )?)
             }
@@ -299,74 +299,68 @@ pub fn walk_trait_ref<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, trait_ref: &'a TraitR
 pub fn walk_item<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'a Item) {
     visitor.visit_vis(&item.vis);
     visitor.visit_ident(item.ident);
-    match item.kind {
+    match &item.kind {
         ItemKind::ExternCrate(_) => {}
-        ItemKind::Use(ref use_tree) => visitor.visit_use_tree(use_tree, item.id, false),
-        ItemKind::Static(ref typ, _, ref expr) | ItemKind::Const(_, ref typ, ref expr) => {
+        ItemKind::Use(use_tree) => visitor.visit_use_tree(use_tree, item.id, false),
+        ItemKind::Static(typ, _, expr) | ItemKind::Const(_, typ, expr) => {
             visitor.visit_ty(typ);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, expr);
         }
-        ItemKind::Fn(box Fn { defaultness: _, ref generics, ref sig, ref body }) => {
+        ItemKind::Fn(box Fn { defaultness: _, generics, sig, body }) => {
             let kind =
                 FnKind::Fn(FnCtxt::Free, item.ident, sig, &item.vis, generics, body.as_deref());
             visitor.visit_fn(kind, item.span, item.id)
         }
-        ItemKind::Mod(_unsafety, ref mod_kind) => match mod_kind {
+        ItemKind::Mod(_unsafety, mod_kind) => match mod_kind {
             ModKind::Loaded(items, _inline, _inner_span) => {
                 walk_list!(visitor, visit_item, items)
             }
             ModKind::Unloaded => {}
         },
-        ItemKind::ForeignMod(ref foreign_module) => {
+        ItemKind::ForeignMod(foreign_module) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_foreign_item, &foreign_module.items);
         }
-        ItemKind::GlobalAsm(ref asm) => visitor.visit_inline_asm(asm),
-        ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { ref generics, ref bounds, ref ty, .. }) => {
+        ItemKind::GlobalAsm(asm) => visitor.visit_inline_asm(asm),
+        ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { generics, bounds, ty, .. }) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_ty, ty);
         }
-        ItemKind::Enum(ref enum_definition, ref generics) => {
+        ItemKind::Enum(enum_definition, generics) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
             visitor.visit_enum_def(enum_definition)
         }
         ItemKind::Impl(box Impl {
             defaultness: _,
             unsafety: _,
-            ref generics,
+            generics,
             constness: _,
             polarity: _,
-            ref of_trait,
-            ref self_ty,
-            ref items,
+            of_trait,
+            self_ty,
+            items,
         }) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_trait_ref, of_trait);
             visitor.visit_ty(self_ty);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_assoc_item, items, AssocCtxt::Impl);
         }
-        ItemKind::Struct(ref struct_definition, ref generics)
-        | ItemKind::Union(ref struct_definition, ref generics) => {
+        ItemKind::Struct(struct_definition, generics)
+        | ItemKind::Union(struct_definition, generics) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
             visitor.visit_variant_data(struct_definition);
         }
-        ItemKind::Trait(box Trait {
-            unsafety: _,
-            is_auto: _,
-            ref generics,
-            ref bounds,
-            ref items,
-        }) => {
+        ItemKind::Trait(box Trait { unsafety: _, is_auto: _, generics, bounds, items }) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::SuperTraits);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_assoc_item, items, AssocCtxt::Trait);
         }
-        ItemKind::TraitAlias(ref generics, ref bounds) => {
+        ItemKind::TraitAlias(generics, bounds) => {
             visitor.visit_generics(generics);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
         }
-        ItemKind::MacCall(ref mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
-        ItemKind::MacroDef(ref ts) => visitor.visit_mac_def(ts, item.id),
+        ItemKind::MacCall(mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
+        ItemKind::MacroDef(ts) => visitor.visit_mac_def(ts, item.id),
     }
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, &item.attrs);
 }
@@ -399,39 +393,39 @@ pub fn walk_pat_field<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, fp: &'a PatField) {
 }
 
 pub fn walk_ty<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, typ: &'a Ty) {
-    match typ.kind {
-        TyKind::Slice(ref ty) | TyKind::Paren(ref ty) => visitor.visit_ty(ty),
-        TyKind::Ptr(ref mutable_type) => visitor.visit_ty(&mutable_type.ty),
-        TyKind::Rptr(ref opt_lifetime, ref mutable_type) => {
+    match &typ.kind {
+        TyKind::Slice(ty) | TyKind::Paren(ty) => visitor.visit_ty(ty),
+        TyKind::Ptr(mutable_type) => visitor.visit_ty(&mutable_type.ty),
+        TyKind::Rptr(opt_lifetime, mutable_type) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_lifetime, opt_lifetime, LifetimeCtxt::Rptr);
             visitor.visit_ty(&mutable_type.ty)
         }
-        TyKind::Tup(ref tuple_element_types) => {
+        TyKind::Tup(tuple_element_types) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_ty, tuple_element_types);
         }
-        TyKind::BareFn(ref function_declaration) => {
+        TyKind::BareFn(function_declaration) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_generic_param, &function_declaration.generic_params);
             walk_fn_decl(visitor, &function_declaration.decl);
         }
-        TyKind::Path(ref maybe_qself, ref path) => {
-            if let Some(ref qself) = *maybe_qself {
+        TyKind::Path(maybe_qself, path) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = maybe_qself {
                 visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
             }
             visitor.visit_path(path, typ.id);
         }
-        TyKind::Array(ref ty, ref length) => {
+        TyKind::Array(ty, length) => {
             visitor.visit_ty(ty);
             visitor.visit_anon_const(length)
         }
-        TyKind::TraitObject(ref bounds, ..) => {
+        TyKind::TraitObject(bounds, ..) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::TraitObject);
         }
-        TyKind::ImplTrait(_, ref bounds) => {
+        TyKind::ImplTrait(_, bounds) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Impl);
         }
-        TyKind::Typeof(ref expression) => visitor.visit_anon_const(expression),
+        TyKind::Typeof(expression) => visitor.visit_anon_const(expression),
         TyKind::Infer | TyKind::ImplicitSelf | TyKind::Err => {}
-        TyKind::MacCall(ref mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
+        TyKind::MacCall(mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
         TyKind::Never | TyKind::CVarArgs => {}
     }
 }
@@ -444,15 +438,15 @@ pub fn walk_path<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, path: &'a Path) {
 
 pub fn walk_use_tree<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, use_tree: &'a UseTree, id: NodeId) {
     visitor.visit_path(&use_tree.prefix, id);
-    match use_tree.kind {
-        UseTreeKind::Simple(rename, ..) => {
+    match &use_tree.kind {
+        UseTreeKind::Simple(rename) => {
             // The extra IDs are handled during HIR lowering.
-            if let Some(rename) = rename {
+            if let &Some(rename) = rename {
                 visitor.visit_ident(rename);
             }
         }
         UseTreeKind::Glob => {}
-        UseTreeKind::Nested(ref use_trees) => {
+        UseTreeKind::Nested(use_trees) => {
             for &(ref nested_tree, nested_id) in use_trees {
                 visitor.visit_use_tree(nested_tree, nested_id, true);
             }
@@ -462,7 +456,7 @@ pub fn walk_use_tree<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, use_tree: &'a UseTree,
 
 pub fn walk_path_segment<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, segment: &'a PathSegment) {
     visitor.visit_ident(segment.ident);
-    if let Some(ref args) = segment.args {
+    if let Some(args) = &segment.args {
         visitor.visit_generic_args(args);
     }
 }
@@ -471,8 +465,8 @@ pub fn walk_generic_args<'a, V>(visitor: &mut V, generic_args: &'a GenericArgs)
 where
     V: Visitor<'a>,
 {
-    match *generic_args {
-        GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(ref data) => {
+    match generic_args {
+        GenericArgs::AngleBracketed(data) => {
             for arg in &data.args {
                 match arg {
                     AngleBracketedArg::Arg(a) => visitor.visit_generic_arg(a),
@@ -480,7 +474,7 @@ where
                 }
             }
         }
-        GenericArgs::Parenthesized(ref data) => {
+        GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_ty, &data.inputs);
             walk_fn_ret_ty(visitor, &data.output);
         }
@@ -500,64 +494,64 @@ where
 
 pub fn walk_assoc_constraint<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, constraint: &'a AssocConstraint) {
     visitor.visit_ident(constraint.ident);
-    if let Some(ref gen_args) = constraint.gen_args {
+    if let Some(gen_args) = &constraint.gen_args {
         visitor.visit_generic_args(gen_args);
     }
-    match constraint.kind {
-        AssocConstraintKind::Equality { ref term } => match term {
+    match &constraint.kind {
+        AssocConstraintKind::Equality { term } => match term {
             Term::Ty(ty) => visitor.visit_ty(ty),
             Term::Const(c) => visitor.visit_anon_const(c),
         },
-        AssocConstraintKind::Bound { ref bounds } => {
+        AssocConstraintKind::Bound { bounds } => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
         }
     }
 }
 
 pub fn walk_pat<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, pattern: &'a Pat) {
-    match pattern.kind {
-        PatKind::TupleStruct(ref opt_qself, ref path, ref elems) => {
-            if let Some(ref qself) = *opt_qself {
+    match &pattern.kind {
+        PatKind::TupleStruct(opt_qself, path, elems) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = opt_qself {
                 visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
             }
             visitor.visit_path(path, pattern.id);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat, elems);
         }
-        PatKind::Path(ref opt_qself, ref path) => {
-            if let Some(ref qself) = *opt_qself {
+        PatKind::Path(opt_qself, path) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = opt_qself {
                 visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
             }
             visitor.visit_path(path, pattern.id)
         }
-        PatKind::Struct(ref opt_qself, ref path, ref fields, _) => {
-            if let Some(ref qself) = *opt_qself {
+        PatKind::Struct(opt_qself, path, fields, _) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = opt_qself {
                 visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
             }
             visitor.visit_path(path, pattern.id);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat_field, fields);
         }
-        PatKind::Box(ref subpattern)
-        | PatKind::Ref(ref subpattern, _)
-        | PatKind::Paren(ref subpattern) => visitor.visit_pat(subpattern),
-        PatKind::Ident(_, ident, ref optional_subpattern) => {
-            visitor.visit_ident(ident);
+        PatKind::Box(subpattern) | PatKind::Ref(subpattern, _) | PatKind::Paren(subpattern) => {
+            visitor.visit_pat(subpattern)
+        }
+        PatKind::Ident(_, ident, optional_subpattern) => {
+            visitor.visit_ident(*ident);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat, optional_subpattern);
         }
-        PatKind::Lit(ref expression) => visitor.visit_expr(expression),
-        PatKind::Range(ref lower_bound, ref upper_bound, _) => {
+        PatKind::Lit(expression) => visitor.visit_expr(expression),
+        PatKind::Range(lower_bound, upper_bound, _) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, lower_bound);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, upper_bound);
         }
         PatKind::Wild | PatKind::Rest => {}
-        PatKind::Tuple(ref elems) | PatKind::Slice(ref elems) | PatKind::Or(ref elems) => {
+        PatKind::Tuple(elems) | PatKind::Slice(elems) | PatKind::Or(elems) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_pat, elems);
         }
-        PatKind::MacCall(ref mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
+        PatKind::MacCall(mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
     }
 }
 
 pub fn walk_foreign_item<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'a ForeignItem) {
-    let Item { id, span, ident, ref vis, ref attrs, ref kind, tokens: _ } = *item;
+    let &Item { id, span, ident, ref vis, ref attrs, ref kind, tokens: _ } = item;
     visitor.visit_vis(vis);
     visitor.visit_ident(ident);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -566,7 +560,7 @@ pub fn walk_foreign_item<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'a ForeignI
             visitor.visit_ty(ty);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, expr);
         }
-        ForeignItemKind::Fn(box Fn { defaultness: _, ref generics, ref sig, ref body }) => {
+        ForeignItemKind::Fn(box Fn { defaultness: _, generics, sig, body }) => {
             let kind = FnKind::Fn(FnCtxt::Foreign, ident, sig, vis, generics, body.as_deref());
             visitor.visit_fn(kind, span, id);
         }
@@ -582,11 +576,9 @@ pub fn walk_foreign_item<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'a ForeignI
 }
 
 pub fn walk_param_bound<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, bound: &'a GenericBound) {
-    match *bound {
-        GenericBound::Trait(ref typ, ref _modifier) => visitor.visit_poly_trait_ref(typ),
-        GenericBound::Outlives(ref lifetime) => {
-            visitor.visit_lifetime(lifetime, LifetimeCtxt::Bound)
-        }
+    match bound {
+        GenericBound::Trait(typ, _modifier) => visitor.visit_poly_trait_ref(typ),
+        GenericBound::Outlives(lifetime) => visitor.visit_lifetime(lifetime, LifetimeCtxt::Bound),
     }
 }
 
@@ -594,10 +586,10 @@ pub fn walk_generic_param<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, param: &'a Generi
     visitor.visit_ident(param.ident);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, param.attrs.iter());
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, &param.bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
-    match param.kind {
+    match &param.kind {
         GenericParamKind::Lifetime => (),
-        GenericParamKind::Type { ref default } => walk_list!(visitor, visit_ty, default),
-        GenericParamKind::Const { ref ty, ref default, .. } => {
+        GenericParamKind::Type { default } => walk_list!(visitor, visit_ty, default),
+        GenericParamKind::Const { ty, default, .. } => {
             visitor.visit_ty(ty);
             if let Some(default) = default {
                 visitor.visit_anon_const(default);
@@ -621,24 +613,22 @@ pub fn walk_closure_binder<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, binder: &'a Clos
 }
 
 pub fn walk_where_predicate<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, predicate: &'a WherePredicate) {
-    match *predicate {
+    match predicate {
         WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(WhereBoundPredicate {
-            ref bounded_ty,
-            ref bounds,
-            ref bound_generic_params,
+            bounded_ty,
+            bounds,
+            bound_generic_params,
             ..
         }) => {
             visitor.visit_ty(bounded_ty);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_generic_param, bound_generic_params);
         }
-        WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(WhereRegionPredicate {
-            ref lifetime, ref bounds, ..
-        }) => {
+        WherePredicate::RegionPredicate(WhereRegionPredicate { lifetime, bounds, .. }) => {
             visitor.visit_lifetime(lifetime, LifetimeCtxt::Bound);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_param_bound, bounds, BoundKind::Bound);
         }
-        WherePredicate::EqPredicate(WhereEqPredicate { ref lhs_ty, ref rhs_ty, .. }) => {
+        WherePredicate::EqPredicate(WhereEqPredicate { lhs_ty, rhs_ty, .. }) => {
             visitor.visit_ty(lhs_ty);
             visitor.visit_ty(rhs_ty);
         }
@@ -646,7 +636,7 @@ pub fn walk_where_predicate<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, predicate: &'a
 }
 
 pub fn walk_fn_ret_ty<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, ret_ty: &'a FnRetTy) {
-    if let FnRetTy::Ty(ref output_ty) = *ret_ty {
+    if let FnRetTy::Ty(output_ty) = ret_ty {
         visitor.visit_ty(output_ty)
     }
 }
@@ -675,7 +665,7 @@ pub fn walk_fn<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, kind: FnKind<'a>) {
 }
 
 pub fn walk_assoc_item<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'a AssocItem, ctxt: AssocCtxt) {
-    let Item { id, span, ident, ref vis, ref attrs, ref kind, tokens: _ } = *item;
+    let &Item { id, span, ident, ref vis, ref attrs, ref kind, tokens: _ } = item;
     visitor.visit_vis(vis);
     visitor.visit_ident(ident);
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, attrs);
@@ -684,7 +674,7 @@ pub fn walk_assoc_item<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, item: &'a AssocItem,
             visitor.visit_ty(ty);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, expr);
         }
-        AssocItemKind::Fn(box Fn { defaultness: _, ref generics, ref sig, ref body }) => {
+        AssocItemKind::Fn(box Fn { defaultness: _, generics, sig, body }) => {
             let kind = FnKind::Fn(FnCtxt::Assoc(ctxt), ident, sig, vis, generics, body.as_deref());
             visitor.visit_fn(kind, span, id);
         }
@@ -717,13 +707,13 @@ pub fn walk_block<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, block: &'a Block) {
 }
 
 pub fn walk_stmt<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, statement: &'a Stmt) {
-    match statement.kind {
-        StmtKind::Local(ref local) => visitor.visit_local(local),
-        StmtKind::Item(ref item) => visitor.visit_item(item),
-        StmtKind::Expr(ref expr) | StmtKind::Semi(ref expr) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
+    match &statement.kind {
+        StmtKind::Local(local) => visitor.visit_local(local),
+        StmtKind::Item(item) => visitor.visit_item(item),
+        StmtKind::Expr(expr) | StmtKind::Semi(expr) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
         StmtKind::Empty => {}
-        StmtKind::MacCall(ref mac) => {
-            let MacCallStmt { ref mac, style: _, ref attrs, tokens: _ } = **mac;
+        StmtKind::MacCall(mac) => {
+            let MacCallStmt { mac, attrs, style: _, tokens: _ } = &**mac;
             visitor.visit_mac_call(mac);
             for attr in attrs.iter() {
                 visitor.visit_attribute(attr);
@@ -760,7 +750,7 @@ pub fn walk_inline_asm<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, asm: &'a InlineAsm)
 }
 
 pub fn walk_inline_asm_sym<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, sym: &'a InlineAsmSym) {
-    if let Some(ref qself) = sym.qself {
+    if let Some(qself) = &sym.qself {
         visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
     }
     visitor.visit_path(&sym.path, sym.id);
@@ -769,18 +759,18 @@ pub fn walk_inline_asm_sym<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, sym: &'a InlineA
 pub fn walk_expr<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, expression: &'a Expr) {
     walk_list!(visitor, visit_attribute, expression.attrs.iter());
 
-    match expression.kind {
-        ExprKind::Box(ref subexpression) => visitor.visit_expr(subexpression),
-        ExprKind::Array(ref subexpressions) => {
+    match &expression.kind {
+        ExprKind::Box(subexpression) => visitor.visit_expr(subexpression),
+        ExprKind::Array(subexpressions) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, subexpressions);
         }
-        ExprKind::ConstBlock(ref anon_const) => visitor.visit_anon_const(anon_const),
-        ExprKind::Repeat(ref element, ref count) => {
+        ExprKind::ConstBlock(anon_const) => visitor.visit_anon_const(anon_const),
+        ExprKind::Repeat(element, count) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(element);
             visitor.visit_anon_const(count)
         }
-        ExprKind::Struct(ref se) => {
-            if let Some(ref qself) = se.qself {
+        ExprKind::Struct(se) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = &se.qself {
                 visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
             }
             visitor.visit_path(&se.path, expression.id);
@@ -791,117 +781,126 @@ pub fn walk_expr<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, expression: &'a Expr) {
                 StructRest::None => {}
             }
         }
-        ExprKind::Tup(ref subexpressions) => {
+        ExprKind::Tup(subexpressions) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, subexpressions);
         }
-        ExprKind::Call(ref callee_expression, ref arguments) => {
+        ExprKind::Call(callee_expression, arguments) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(callee_expression);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, arguments);
         }
-        ExprKind::MethodCall(ref segment, ref receiver, ref arguments, _span) => {
-            visitor.visit_path_segment(segment);
+        ExprKind::MethodCall(box MethodCall { seg, receiver, args, span: _ }) => {
+            visitor.visit_path_segment(seg);
             visitor.visit_expr(receiver);
-            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, arguments);
+            walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, args);
         }
-        ExprKind::Binary(_, ref left_expression, ref right_expression) => {
+        ExprKind::Binary(_, left_expression, right_expression) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(left_expression);
             visitor.visit_expr(right_expression)
         }
-        ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, ref subexpression) | ExprKind::Unary(_, ref subexpression) => {
+        ExprKind::AddrOf(_, _, subexpression) | ExprKind::Unary(_, subexpression) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression)
         }
-        ExprKind::Cast(ref subexpression, ref typ) | ExprKind::Type(ref subexpression, ref typ) => {
+        ExprKind::Cast(subexpression, typ) | ExprKind::Type(subexpression, typ) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
             visitor.visit_ty(typ)
         }
-        ExprKind::Let(ref pat, ref expr, _) => {
+        ExprKind::Let(pat, expr, _) => {
             visitor.visit_pat(pat);
             visitor.visit_expr(expr);
         }
-        ExprKind::If(ref head_expression, ref if_block, ref optional_else) => {
+        ExprKind::If(head_expression, if_block, optional_else) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(head_expression);
             visitor.visit_block(if_block);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_else);
         }
-        ExprKind::While(ref subexpression, ref block, ref opt_label) => {
+        ExprKind::While(subexpression, block, opt_label) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
             visitor.visit_block(block);
         }
-        ExprKind::ForLoop(ref pattern, ref subexpression, ref block, ref opt_label) => {
+        ExprKind::ForLoop(pattern, subexpression, block, opt_label) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
             visitor.visit_pat(pattern);
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
             visitor.visit_block(block);
         }
-        ExprKind::Loop(ref block, ref opt_label) => {
+        ExprKind::Loop(block, opt_label, _) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
             visitor.visit_block(block);
         }
-        ExprKind::Match(ref subexpression, ref arms) => {
+        ExprKind::Match(subexpression, arms) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_arm, arms);
         }
-        ExprKind::Closure(ref binder, _, _, _, ref decl, ref body, _decl_span) => {
-            visitor.visit_fn(FnKind::Closure(binder, decl, body), expression.span, expression.id)
+        ExprKind::Closure(box Closure {
+            binder,
+            capture_clause: _,
+            asyncness: _,
+            movability: _,
+            fn_decl,
+            body,
+            fn_decl_span: _,
+            fn_arg_span: _,
+        }) => {
+            visitor.visit_fn(FnKind::Closure(binder, fn_decl, body), expression.span, expression.id)
         }
-        ExprKind::Block(ref block, ref opt_label) => {
+        ExprKind::Block(block, opt_label) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
             visitor.visit_block(block);
         }
-        ExprKind::Async(_, _, ref body) => {
+        ExprKind::Async(_, _, body) => {
             visitor.visit_block(body);
         }
-        ExprKind::Await(ref expr) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
-        ExprKind::Assign(ref lhs, ref rhs, _) => {
+        ExprKind::Await(expr) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
+        ExprKind::Assign(lhs, rhs, _) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(lhs);
             visitor.visit_expr(rhs);
         }
-        ExprKind::AssignOp(_, ref left_expression, ref right_expression) => {
+        ExprKind::AssignOp(_, left_expression, right_expression) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(left_expression);
             visitor.visit_expr(right_expression);
         }
-        ExprKind::Field(ref subexpression, ident) => {
+        ExprKind::Field(subexpression, ident) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(subexpression);
-            visitor.visit_ident(ident);
+            visitor.visit_ident(*ident);
         }
-        ExprKind::Index(ref main_expression, ref index_expression) => {
+        ExprKind::Index(main_expression, index_expression) => {
             visitor.visit_expr(main_expression);
             visitor.visit_expr(index_expression)
         }
-        ExprKind::Range(ref start, ref end, _) => {
+        ExprKind::Range(start, end, _) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, start);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, end);
         }
         ExprKind::Underscore => {}
-        ExprKind::Path(ref maybe_qself, ref path) => {
-            if let Some(ref qself) = *maybe_qself {
+        ExprKind::Path(maybe_qself, path) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = maybe_qself {
                 visitor.visit_ty(&qself.ty);
             }
             visitor.visit_path(path, expression.id)
         }
-        ExprKind::Break(ref opt_label, ref opt_expr) => {
+        ExprKind::Break(opt_label, opt_expr) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, opt_expr);
         }
-        ExprKind::Continue(ref opt_label) => {
+        ExprKind::Continue(opt_label) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_label, opt_label);
         }
-        ExprKind::Ret(ref optional_expression) => {
+        ExprKind::Ret(optional_expression) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_expression);
         }
-        ExprKind::Yeet(ref optional_expression) => {
+        ExprKind::Yeet(optional_expression) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_expression);
         }
-        ExprKind::MacCall(ref mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
-        ExprKind::Paren(ref subexpression) => visitor.visit_expr(subexpression),
-        ExprKind::InlineAsm(ref asm) => visitor.visit_inline_asm(asm),
-        ExprKind::Yield(ref optional_expression) => {
+        ExprKind::MacCall(mac) => visitor.visit_mac_call(mac),
+        ExprKind::Paren(subexpression) => visitor.visit_expr(subexpression),
+        ExprKind::InlineAsm(asm) => visitor.visit_inline_asm(asm),
+        ExprKind::Yield(optional_expression) => {
             walk_list!(visitor, visit_expr, optional_expression);
         }
-        ExprKind::Try(ref subexpression) => visitor.visit_expr(subexpression),
-        ExprKind::TryBlock(ref body) => visitor.visit_block(body),
-        ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::Err => {}
+        ExprKind::Try(subexpression) => visitor.visit_expr(subexpression),
+        ExprKind::TryBlock(body) => visitor.visit_block(body),
+        ExprKind::Lit(_) | ExprKind::IncludedBytes(..) | ExprKind::Err => {}
     }
 
     visitor.visit_expr_post(expression)
@@ -927,18 +926,18 @@ pub fn walk_vis<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, vis: &'a Visibility) {
 }
 
 pub fn walk_attribute<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, attr: &'a Attribute) {
-    match attr.kind {
-        AttrKind::Normal(ref normal) => walk_mac_args(visitor, &normal.item.args),
+    match &attr.kind {
+        AttrKind::Normal(normal) => walk_attr_args(visitor, &normal.item.args),
         AttrKind::DocComment(..) => {}
     }
 }
 
-pub fn walk_mac_args<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, args: &'a MacArgs) {
+pub fn walk_attr_args<'a, V: Visitor<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, args: &'a AttrArgs) {
     match args {
-        MacArgs::Empty => {}
-        MacArgs::Delimited(_dspan, _delim, _tokens) => {}
-        MacArgs::Eq(_eq_span, MacArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
-        MacArgs::Eq(_, MacArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
+        AttrArgs::Empty => {}
+        AttrArgs::Delimited(_) => {}
+        AttrArgs::Eq(_eq_span, AttrArgsEq::Ast(expr)) => visitor.visit_expr(expr),
+        AttrArgs::Eq(_, AttrArgsEq::Hir(lit)) => {
             unreachable!("in literal form when walking mac args eq: {:?}", lit)
         }
     }