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+use super::{BufWriter, ErrorKind, Read, ReadBuf, Result, Write, DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE};
+use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
+
+/// Copies the entire contents of a reader into a writer.
+///
+/// This function will continuously read data from `reader` and then
+/// write it into `writer` in a streaming fashion until `reader`
+/// returns EOF.
+///
+/// On success, the total number of bytes that were copied from
+/// `reader` to `writer` is returned.
+///
+/// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
+/// working with filesystem paths, see the [`fs::copy`] function.
+///
+/// [`fs::copy`]: crate::fs::copy
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// This function will return an error immediately if any call to [`read`] or
+/// [`write`] returns an error. All instances of [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`] are
+/// handled by this function and the underlying operation is retried.
+///
+/// [`read`]: Read::read
+/// [`write`]: Write::write
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use std::io;
+///
+/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+/// let mut reader: &[u8] = b"hello";
+/// let mut writer: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+///
+/// io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)?;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(&b"hello"[..], &writer[..]);
+/// Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Platform-specific behavior
+///
+/// On Linux (including Android), this function uses `copy_file_range(2)`,
+/// `sendfile(2)` or `splice(2)` syscalls to move data directly between file
+/// descriptors if possible.
+///
+/// Note that platform-specific behavior [may change in the future][changes].
+///
+/// [changes]: crate::io#platform-specific-behavior
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub fn copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> Result<u64>
+where
+ R: Read,
+ W: Write,
+{
+ cfg_if::cfg_if! {
+ if #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))] {
+ crate::sys::kernel_copy::copy_spec(reader, writer)
+ } else {
+ generic_copy(reader, writer)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// The userspace read-write-loop implementation of `io::copy` that is used when
+/// OS-specific specializations for copy offloading are not available or not applicable.
+pub(crate) fn generic_copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> Result<u64>
+where
+ R: Read,
+ W: Write,
+{
+ BufferedCopySpec::copy_to(reader, writer)
+}
+
+/// Specialization of the read-write loop that either uses a stack buffer
+/// or reuses the internal buffer of a BufWriter
+trait BufferedCopySpec: Write {
+ fn copy_to<R: Read + ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut Self) -> Result<u64>;
+}
+
+impl<W: Write + ?Sized> BufferedCopySpec for W {
+ default fn copy_to<R: Read + ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut Self) -> Result<u64> {
+ stack_buffer_copy(reader, writer)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<I: Write> BufferedCopySpec for BufWriter<I> {
+ fn copy_to<R: Read + ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut Self) -> Result<u64> {
+ if writer.capacity() < DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE {
+ return stack_buffer_copy(reader, writer);
+ }
+
+ let mut len = 0;
+ let mut init = 0;
+
+ loop {
+ let buf = writer.buffer_mut();
+ let mut read_buf = ReadBuf::uninit(buf.spare_capacity_mut());
+
+ // SAFETY: init is either 0 or the initialized_len of the previous iteration
+ unsafe {
+ read_buf.assume_init(init);
+ }
+
+ if read_buf.capacity() >= DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE {
+ match reader.read_buf(&mut read_buf) {
+ Ok(()) => {
+ let bytes_read = read_buf.filled_len();
+
+ if bytes_read == 0 {
+ return Ok(len);
+ }
+
+ init = read_buf.initialized_len() - bytes_read;
+
+ // SAFETY: ReadBuf guarantees all of its filled bytes are init
+ unsafe { buf.set_len(buf.len() + bytes_read) };
+ len += bytes_read as u64;
+ // Read again if the buffer still has enough capacity, as BufWriter itself would do
+ // This will occur if the reader returns short reads
+ continue;
+ }
+ Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
+ Err(e) => return Err(e),
+ }
+ }
+
+ writer.flush_buf()?;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+fn stack_buffer_copy<R: Read + ?Sized, W: Write + ?Sized>(
+ reader: &mut R,
+ writer: &mut W,
+) -> Result<u64> {
+ let mut buf = [MaybeUninit::uninit(); DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE];
+ let mut buf = ReadBuf::uninit(&mut buf);
+
+ let mut len = 0;
+
+ loop {
+ match reader.read_buf(&mut buf) {
+ Ok(()) => {}
+ Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
+ Err(e) => return Err(e),
+ };
+
+ if buf.filled().is_empty() {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ len += buf.filled().len() as u64;
+ writer.write_all(buf.filled())?;
+ buf.clear();
+ }
+
+ Ok(len)
+}