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+//! Temporal quantification.
+//!
+//! # Examples:
+//!
+//! There are multiple ways to create a new [`Duration`]:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # use std::time::Duration;
+//! let five_seconds = Duration::from_secs(5);
+//! assert_eq!(five_seconds, Duration::from_millis(5_000));
+//! assert_eq!(five_seconds, Duration::from_micros(5_000_000));
+//! assert_eq!(five_seconds, Duration::from_nanos(5_000_000_000));
+//!
+//! let ten_seconds = Duration::from_secs(10);
+//! let seven_nanos = Duration::from_nanos(7);
+//! let total = ten_seconds + seven_nanos;
+//! assert_eq!(total, Duration::new(10, 7));
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Using [`Instant`] to calculate how long a function took to run:
+//!
+//! ```ignore (incomplete)
+//! let now = Instant::now();
+//!
+//! // Calling a slow function, it may take a while
+//! slow_function();
+//!
+//! let elapsed_time = now.elapsed();
+//! println!("Running slow_function() took {} seconds.", elapsed_time.as_secs());
+//! ```
+
+#![stable(feature = "time", since = "1.3.0")]
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
+
+use crate::error::Error;
+use crate::fmt;
+use crate::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Sub, SubAssign};
+use crate::sys::time;
+use crate::sys_common::{FromInner, IntoInner};
+
+#[stable(feature = "time", since = "1.3.0")]
+pub use core::time::Duration;
+
+#[unstable(feature = "duration_checked_float", issue = "83400")]
+pub use core::time::FromFloatSecsError;
+
+/// A measurement of a monotonically nondecreasing clock.
+/// Opaque and useful only with [`Duration`].
+///
+/// Instants are always guaranteed, barring [platform bugs], to be no less than any previously
+/// measured instant when created, and are often useful for tasks such as measuring
+/// benchmarks or timing how long an operation takes.
+///
+/// Note, however, that instants are **not** guaranteed to be **steady**. In other
+/// words, each tick of the underlying clock might not be the same length (e.g.
+/// some seconds may be longer than others). An instant may jump forwards or
+/// experience time dilation (slow down or speed up), but it will never go
+/// backwards.
+///
+/// Instants are opaque types that can only be compared to one another. There is
+/// no method to get "the number of seconds" from an instant. Instead, it only
+/// allows measuring the duration between two instants (or comparing two
+/// instants).
+///
+/// The size of an `Instant` struct may vary depending on the target operating
+/// system.
+///
+/// Example:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+/// use std::thread::sleep;
+///
+/// fn main() {
+/// let now = Instant::now();
+///
+/// // we sleep for 2 seconds
+/// sleep(Duration::new(2, 0));
+/// // it prints '2'
+/// println!("{}", now.elapsed().as_secs());
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// [platform bugs]: Instant#monotonicity
+///
+/// # OS-specific behaviors
+///
+/// An `Instant` is a wrapper around system-specific types and it may behave
+/// differently depending on the underlying operating system. For example,
+/// the following snippet is fine on Linux but panics on macOS:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::time::{Instant, Duration};
+///
+/// let now = Instant::now();
+/// let max_seconds = u64::MAX / 1_000_000_000;
+/// let duration = Duration::new(max_seconds, 0);
+/// println!("{:?}", now + duration);
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Underlying System calls
+///
+/// The following system calls are [currently] being used by `now()` to find out
+/// the current time:
+///
+/// | Platform | System call |
+/// |-----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+/// | SGX | [`insecure_time` usercall]. More information on [timekeeping in SGX] |
+/// | UNIX | [clock_gettime (Monotonic Clock)] |
+/// | Darwin | [mach_absolute_time] |
+/// | VXWorks | [clock_gettime (Monotonic Clock)] |
+/// | SOLID | `get_tim` |
+/// | WASI | [__wasi_clock_time_get (Monotonic Clock)] |
+/// | Windows | [QueryPerformanceCounter] |
+///
+/// [currently]: crate::io#platform-specific-behavior
+/// [QueryPerformanceCounter]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/profileapi/nf-profileapi-queryperformancecounter
+/// [`insecure_time` usercall]: https://edp.fortanix.com/docs/api/fortanix_sgx_abi/struct.Usercalls.html#method.insecure_time
+/// [timekeeping in SGX]: https://edp.fortanix.com/docs/concepts/rust-std/#codestdtimecode
+/// [__wasi_clock_time_get (Monotonic Clock)]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/master/phases/snapshot/docs.md#clock_time_get
+/// [clock_gettime (Monotonic Clock)]: https://linux.die.net/man/3/clock_gettime
+/// [mach_absolute_time]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/KernelProgramming/services/services.html
+///
+/// **Disclaimer:** These system calls might change over time.
+///
+/// > Note: mathematical operations like [`add`] may panic if the underlying
+/// > structure cannot represent the new point in time.
+///
+/// [`add`]: Instant::add
+///
+/// ## Monotonicity
+///
+/// On all platforms `Instant` will try to use an OS API that guarantees monotonic behavior
+/// if available, which is the case for all [tier 1] platforms.
+/// In practice such guarantees are – under rare circumstances – broken by hardware, virtualization
+/// or operating system bugs. To work around these bugs and platforms not offering monotonic clocks
+/// [`duration_since`], [`elapsed`] and [`sub`] saturate to zero. In older Rust versions this
+/// lead to a panic instead. [`checked_duration_since`] can be used to detect and handle situations
+/// where monotonicity is violated, or `Instant`s are subtracted in the wrong order.
+///
+/// This workaround obscures programming errors where earlier and later instants are accidentally
+/// swapped. For this reason future rust versions may reintroduce panics.
+///
+/// [tier 1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support.html
+/// [`duration_since`]: Instant::duration_since
+/// [`elapsed`]: Instant::elapsed
+/// [`sub`]: Instant::sub
+/// [`checked_duration_since`]: Instant::checked_duration_since
+///
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+pub struct Instant(time::Instant);
+
+/// A measurement of the system clock, useful for talking to
+/// external entities like the file system or other processes.
+///
+/// Distinct from the [`Instant`] type, this time measurement **is not
+/// monotonic**. This means that you can save a file to the file system, then
+/// save another file to the file system, **and the second file has a
+/// `SystemTime` measurement earlier than the first**. In other words, an
+/// operation that happens after another operation in real time may have an
+/// earlier `SystemTime`!
+///
+/// Consequently, comparing two `SystemTime` instances to learn about the
+/// duration between them returns a [`Result`] instead of an infallible [`Duration`]
+/// to indicate that this sort of time drift may happen and needs to be handled.
+///
+/// Although a `SystemTime` cannot be directly inspected, the [`UNIX_EPOCH`]
+/// constant is provided in this module as an anchor in time to learn
+/// information about a `SystemTime`. By calculating the duration from this
+/// fixed point in time, a `SystemTime` can be converted to a human-readable time,
+/// or perhaps some other string representation.
+///
+/// The size of a `SystemTime` struct may vary depending on the target operating
+/// system.
+///
+/// Example:
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+/// use std::thread::sleep;
+///
+/// fn main() {
+/// let now = SystemTime::now();
+///
+/// // we sleep for 2 seconds
+/// sleep(Duration::new(2, 0));
+/// match now.elapsed() {
+/// Ok(elapsed) => {
+/// // it prints '2'
+/// println!("{}", elapsed.as_secs());
+/// }
+/// Err(e) => {
+/// // an error occurred!
+/// println!("Error: {e:?}");
+/// }
+/// }
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Platform-specific behavior
+///
+/// The precision of `SystemTime` can depend on the underlying OS-specific time format.
+/// For example, on Windows the time is represented in 100 nanosecond intervals whereas Linux
+/// can represent nanosecond intervals.
+///
+/// The following system calls are [currently] being used by `now()` to find out
+/// the current time:
+///
+/// | Platform | System call |
+/// |-----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
+/// | SGX | [`insecure_time` usercall]. More information on [timekeeping in SGX] |
+/// | UNIX | [clock_gettime (Realtime Clock)] |
+/// | Darwin | [gettimeofday] |
+/// | VXWorks | [clock_gettime (Realtime Clock)] |
+/// | SOLID | `SOLID_RTC_ReadTime` |
+/// | WASI | [__wasi_clock_time_get (Realtime Clock)] |
+/// | Windows | [GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime] / [GetSystemTimeAsFileTime] |
+///
+/// [currently]: crate::io#platform-specific-behavior
+/// [`insecure_time` usercall]: https://edp.fortanix.com/docs/api/fortanix_sgx_abi/struct.Usercalls.html#method.insecure_time
+/// [timekeeping in SGX]: https://edp.fortanix.com/docs/concepts/rust-std/#codestdtimecode
+/// [gettimeofday]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/gettimeofday.2.html
+/// [clock_gettime (Realtime Clock)]: https://linux.die.net/man/3/clock_gettime
+/// [__wasi_clock_time_get (Realtime Clock)]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/master/phases/snapshot/docs.md#clock_time_get
+/// [GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/sysinfoapi/nf-sysinfoapi-getsystemtimepreciseasfiletime
+/// [GetSystemTimeAsFileTime]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/sysinfoapi/nf-sysinfoapi-getsystemtimeasfiletime
+///
+/// **Disclaimer:** These system calls might change over time.
+///
+/// > Note: mathematical operations like [`add`] may panic if the underlying
+/// > structure cannot represent the new point in time.
+///
+/// [`add`]: SystemTime::add
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+pub struct SystemTime(time::SystemTime);
+
+/// An error returned from the `duration_since` and `elapsed` methods on
+/// `SystemTime`, used to learn how far in the opposite direction a system time
+/// lies.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::thread::sleep;
+/// use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+///
+/// let sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+/// sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+/// let new_sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+/// match sys_time.duration_since(new_sys_time) {
+/// Ok(_) => {}
+/// Err(e) => println!("SystemTimeError difference: {:?}", e.duration()),
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+pub struct SystemTimeError(Duration);
+
+impl Instant {
+ /// Returns an instant corresponding to "now".
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::time::Instant;
+ ///
+ /// let now = Instant::now();
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn now() -> Instant {
+ Instant(time::Instant::now())
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one,
+ /// or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Previous rust versions panicked when `earlier` was later than `self`. Currently this
+ /// method saturates. Future versions may reintroduce the panic in some circumstances.
+ /// See [Monotonicity].
+ ///
+ /// [Monotonicity]: Instant#monotonicity
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+ /// use std::thread::sleep;
+ ///
+ /// let now = Instant::now();
+ /// sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+ /// let new_now = Instant::now();
+ /// println!("{:?}", new_now.duration_since(now));
+ /// println!("{:?}", now.duration_since(new_now)); // 0ns
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Duration {
+ self.checked_duration_since(earlier).unwrap_or_default()
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one,
+ /// or None if that instant is later than this one.
+ ///
+ /// Due to [monotonicity bugs], even under correct logical ordering of the passed `Instant`s,
+ /// this method can return `None`.
+ ///
+ /// [monotonicity bugs]: Instant#monotonicity
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+ /// use std::thread::sleep;
+ ///
+ /// let now = Instant::now();
+ /// sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+ /// let new_now = Instant::now();
+ /// println!("{:?}", new_now.checked_duration_since(now));
+ /// println!("{:?}", now.checked_duration_since(new_now)); // None
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "checked_duration_since", since = "1.39.0")]
+ pub fn checked_duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Option<Duration> {
+ self.0.checked_sub_instant(&earlier.0)
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one,
+ /// or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+ /// use std::thread::sleep;
+ ///
+ /// let now = Instant::now();
+ /// sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+ /// let new_now = Instant::now();
+ /// println!("{:?}", new_now.saturating_duration_since(now));
+ /// println!("{:?}", now.saturating_duration_since(new_now)); // 0ns
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "checked_duration_since", since = "1.39.0")]
+ pub fn saturating_duration_since(&self, earlier: Instant) -> Duration {
+ self.checked_duration_since(earlier).unwrap_or_default()
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the amount of time elapsed since this instant was created.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Previous rust versions panicked when self was earlier than the current time. Currently this
+ /// method returns a Duration of zero in that case. Future versions may reintroduce the panic.
+ /// See [Monotonicity].
+ ///
+ /// [Monotonicity]: Instant#monotonicity
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::thread::sleep;
+ /// use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+ ///
+ /// let instant = Instant::now();
+ /// let three_secs = Duration::from_secs(3);
+ /// sleep(three_secs);
+ /// assert!(instant.elapsed() >= three_secs);
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn elapsed(&self) -> Duration {
+ Instant::now() - *self
+ }
+
+ /// Returns `Some(t)` where `t` is the time `self + duration` if `t` can be represented as
+ /// `Instant` (which means it's inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), `None`
+ /// otherwise.
+ #[stable(feature = "time_checked_add", since = "1.34.0")]
+ pub fn checked_add(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<Instant> {
+ self.0.checked_add_duration(&duration).map(Instant)
+ }
+
+ /// Returns `Some(t)` where `t` is the time `self - duration` if `t` can be represented as
+ /// `Instant` (which means it's inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), `None`
+ /// otherwise.
+ #[stable(feature = "time_checked_add", since = "1.34.0")]
+ pub fn checked_sub(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<Instant> {
+ self.0.checked_sub_duration(&duration).map(Instant)
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl Add<Duration> for Instant {
+ type Output = Instant;
+
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// This function may panic if the resulting point in time cannot be represented by the
+ /// underlying data structure. See [`Instant::checked_add`] for a version without panic.
+ fn add(self, other: Duration) -> Instant {
+ self.checked_add(other).expect("overflow when adding duration to instant")
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl AddAssign<Duration> for Instant {
+ fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Duration) {
+ *self = *self + other;
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl Sub<Duration> for Instant {
+ type Output = Instant;
+
+ fn sub(self, other: Duration) -> Instant {
+ self.checked_sub(other).expect("overflow when subtracting duration from instant")
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl SubAssign<Duration> for Instant {
+ fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Duration) {
+ *self = *self - other;
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl Sub<Instant> for Instant {
+ type Output = Duration;
+
+ /// Returns the amount of time elapsed from another instant to this one,
+ /// or zero duration if that instant is later than this one.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Previous rust versions panicked when `other` was later than `self`. Currently this
+ /// method saturates. Future versions may reintroduce the panic in some circumstances.
+ /// See [Monotonicity].
+ ///
+ /// [Monotonicity]: Instant#monotonicity
+ fn sub(self, other: Instant) -> Duration {
+ self.duration_since(other)
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl fmt::Debug for Instant {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+ self.0.fmt(f)
+ }
+}
+
+impl SystemTime {
+ /// An anchor in time which can be used to create new `SystemTime` instances or
+ /// learn about where in time a `SystemTime` lies.
+ ///
+ /// This constant is defined to be "1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC" on all systems with
+ /// respect to the system clock. Using `duration_since` on an existing
+ /// `SystemTime` instance can tell how far away from this point in time a
+ /// measurement lies, and using `UNIX_EPOCH + duration` can be used to create a
+ /// `SystemTime` instance to represent another fixed point in time.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::time::SystemTime;
+ ///
+ /// match SystemTime::now().duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH) {
+ /// Ok(n) => println!("1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC was {} seconds ago!", n.as_secs()),
+ /// Err(_) => panic!("SystemTime before UNIX EPOCH!"),
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "assoc_unix_epoch", since = "1.28.0")]
+ pub const UNIX_EPOCH: SystemTime = UNIX_EPOCH;
+
+ /// Returns the system time corresponding to "now".
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::time::SystemTime;
+ ///
+ /// let sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn now() -> SystemTime {
+ SystemTime(time::SystemTime::now())
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the amount of time elapsed from an earlier point in time.
+ ///
+ /// This function may fail because measurements taken earlier are not
+ /// guaranteed to always be before later measurements (due to anomalies such
+ /// as the system clock being adjusted either forwards or backwards).
+ /// [`Instant`] can be used to measure elapsed time without this risk of failure.
+ ///
+ /// If successful, <code>[Ok]\([Duration])</code> is returned where the duration represents
+ /// the amount of time elapsed from the specified measurement to this one.
+ ///
+ /// Returns an [`Err`] if `earlier` is later than `self`, and the error
+ /// contains how far from `self` the time is.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::time::SystemTime;
+ ///
+ /// let sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+ /// let new_sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+ /// let difference = new_sys_time.duration_since(sys_time)
+ /// .expect("Clock may have gone backwards");
+ /// println!("{difference:?}");
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn duration_since(&self, earlier: SystemTime) -> Result<Duration, SystemTimeError> {
+ self.0.sub_time(&earlier.0).map_err(SystemTimeError)
+ }
+
+ /// Returns the difference between the clock time when this
+ /// system time was created, and the current clock time.
+ ///
+ /// This function may fail as the underlying system clock is susceptible to
+ /// drift and updates (e.g., the system clock could go backwards), so this
+ /// function might not always succeed. If successful, <code>[Ok]\([Duration])</code> is
+ /// returned where the duration represents the amount of time elapsed from
+ /// this time measurement to the current time.
+ ///
+ /// To measure elapsed time reliably, use [`Instant`] instead.
+ ///
+ /// Returns an [`Err`] if `self` is later than the current system time, and
+ /// the error contains how far from the current system time `self` is.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::thread::sleep;
+ /// use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+ ///
+ /// let sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+ /// let one_sec = Duration::from_secs(1);
+ /// sleep(one_sec);
+ /// assert!(sys_time.elapsed().unwrap() >= one_sec);
+ /// ```
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn elapsed(&self) -> Result<Duration, SystemTimeError> {
+ SystemTime::now().duration_since(*self)
+ }
+
+ /// Returns `Some(t)` where `t` is the time `self + duration` if `t` can be represented as
+ /// `SystemTime` (which means it's inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), `None`
+ /// otherwise.
+ #[stable(feature = "time_checked_add", since = "1.34.0")]
+ pub fn checked_add(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<SystemTime> {
+ self.0.checked_add_duration(&duration).map(SystemTime)
+ }
+
+ /// Returns `Some(t)` where `t` is the time `self - duration` if `t` can be represented as
+ /// `SystemTime` (which means it's inside the bounds of the underlying data structure), `None`
+ /// otherwise.
+ #[stable(feature = "time_checked_add", since = "1.34.0")]
+ pub fn checked_sub(&self, duration: Duration) -> Option<SystemTime> {
+ self.0.checked_sub_duration(&duration).map(SystemTime)
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl Add<Duration> for SystemTime {
+ type Output = SystemTime;
+
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// This function may panic if the resulting point in time cannot be represented by the
+ /// underlying data structure. See [`SystemTime::checked_add`] for a version without panic.
+ fn add(self, dur: Duration) -> SystemTime {
+ self.checked_add(dur).expect("overflow when adding duration to instant")
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl AddAssign<Duration> for SystemTime {
+ fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Duration) {
+ *self = *self + other;
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl Sub<Duration> for SystemTime {
+ type Output = SystemTime;
+
+ fn sub(self, dur: Duration) -> SystemTime {
+ self.checked_sub(dur).expect("overflow when subtracting duration from instant")
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
+impl SubAssign<Duration> for SystemTime {
+ fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Duration) {
+ *self = *self - other;
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl fmt::Debug for SystemTime {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+ self.0.fmt(f)
+ }
+}
+
+/// An anchor in time which can be used to create new `SystemTime` instances or
+/// learn about where in time a `SystemTime` lies.
+///
+/// This constant is defined to be "1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC" on all systems with
+/// respect to the system clock. Using `duration_since` on an existing
+/// [`SystemTime`] instance can tell how far away from this point in time a
+/// measurement lies, and using `UNIX_EPOCH + duration` can be used to create a
+/// [`SystemTime`] instance to represent another fixed point in time.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+///
+/// match SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH) {
+/// Ok(n) => println!("1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC was {} seconds ago!", n.as_secs()),
+/// Err(_) => panic!("SystemTime before UNIX EPOCH!"),
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+pub const UNIX_EPOCH: SystemTime = SystemTime(time::UNIX_EPOCH);
+
+impl SystemTimeError {
+ /// Returns the positive duration which represents how far forward the
+ /// second system time was from the first.
+ ///
+ /// A `SystemTimeError` is returned from the [`SystemTime::duration_since`]
+ /// and [`SystemTime::elapsed`] methods whenever the second system time
+ /// represents a point later in time than the `self` of the method call.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```no_run
+ /// use std::thread::sleep;
+ /// use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+ ///
+ /// let sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+ /// sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+ /// let new_sys_time = SystemTime::now();
+ /// match sys_time.duration_since(new_sys_time) {
+ /// Ok(_) => {}
+ /// Err(e) => println!("SystemTimeError difference: {:?}", e.duration()),
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ #[must_use]
+ #[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+ pub fn duration(&self) -> Duration {
+ self.0
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl Error for SystemTimeError {
+ #[allow(deprecated)]
+ fn description(&self) -> &str {
+ "other time was not earlier than self"
+ }
+}
+
+#[stable(feature = "time2", since = "1.8.0")]
+impl fmt::Display for SystemTimeError {
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(f, "second time provided was later than self")
+ }
+}
+
+impl FromInner<time::SystemTime> for SystemTime {
+ fn from_inner(time: time::SystemTime) -> SystemTime {
+ SystemTime(time)
+ }
+}
+
+impl IntoInner<time::SystemTime> for SystemTime {
+ fn into_inner(self) -> time::SystemTime {
+ self.0
+ }
+}