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+// Tagged dispatch mechanism for resolving the behavior of `anyhow!($expr)`.
+//
+// When anyhow! is given a single expr argument to turn into anyhow::Error, we
+// want the resulting Error to pick up the input's implementation of source()
+// and backtrace() if it has a std::error::Error impl, otherwise require nothing
+// more than Display and Debug.
+//
+// Expressed in terms of specialization, we want something like:
+//
+// trait AnyhowNew {
+// fn new(self) -> Error;
+// }
+//
+// impl<T> AnyhowNew for T
+// where
+// T: Display + Debug + Send + Sync + 'static,
+// {
+// default fn new(self) -> Error {
+// /* no std error impl */
+// }
+// }
+//
+// impl<T> AnyhowNew for T
+// where
+// T: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static,
+// {
+// fn new(self) -> Error {
+// /* use std error's source() and backtrace() */
+// }
+// }
+//
+// Since specialization is not stable yet, instead we rely on autoref behavior
+// of method resolution to perform tagged dispatch. Here we have two traits
+// AdhocKind and TraitKind that both have an anyhow_kind() method. AdhocKind is
+// implemented whether or not the caller's type has a std error impl, while
+// TraitKind is implemented only when a std error impl does exist. The ambiguity
+// is resolved by AdhocKind requiring an extra autoref so that it has lower
+// precedence.
+//
+// The anyhow! macro will set up the call in this form:
+//
+// #[allow(unused_imports)]
+// use $crate::private::{AdhocKind, TraitKind};
+// let error = $msg;
+// (&error).anyhow_kind().new(error)
+
+use crate::Error;
+use core::fmt::{Debug, Display};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use crate::StdError;
+
+pub struct Adhoc;
+
+pub trait AdhocKind: Sized {
+ #[inline]
+ fn anyhow_kind(&self) -> Adhoc {
+ Adhoc
+ }
+}
+
+impl<T> AdhocKind for &T where T: ?Sized + Display + Debug + Send + Sync + 'static {}
+
+impl Adhoc {
+ #[cold]
+ pub fn new<M>(self, message: M) -> Error
+ where
+ M: Display + Debug + Send + Sync + 'static,
+ {
+ Error::from_adhoc(message, backtrace!())
+ }
+}
+
+pub struct Trait;
+
+pub trait TraitKind: Sized {
+ #[inline]
+ fn anyhow_kind(&self) -> Trait {
+ Trait
+ }
+}
+
+impl<E> TraitKind for E where E: Into<Error> {}
+
+impl Trait {
+ #[cold]
+ pub fn new<E>(self, error: E) -> Error
+ where
+ E: Into<Error>,
+ {
+ error.into()
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub struct Boxed;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub trait BoxedKind: Sized {
+ #[inline]
+ fn anyhow_kind(&self) -> Boxed {
+ Boxed
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl BoxedKind for Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync> {}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl Boxed {
+ #[cold]
+ pub fn new(self, error: Box<dyn StdError + Send + Sync>) -> Error {
+ let backtrace = backtrace_if_absent!(error);
+ Error::from_boxed(error, backtrace)
+ }
+}