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+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::error;
+use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::iter;
+use std::ops;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::ptr;
+use std::str;
+use std::vec;
+
+use crate::ext_slice::ByteSlice;
+use crate::utf8::{self, Utf8Error};
+
+/// Concatenate the elements given by the iterator together into a single
+/// `Vec<u8>`.
+///
+/// The elements may be any type that can be cheaply converted into an `&[u8]`.
+/// This includes, but is not limited to, `&str`, `&BStr` and `&[u8]` itself.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Basic usage:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use bstr;
+///
+/// let s = bstr::concat(&["foo", "bar", "baz"]);
+/// assert_eq!(s, "foobarbaz".as_bytes());
+/// ```
+#[inline]
+pub fn concat<T, I>(elements: I) -> Vec<u8>
+where
+ T: AsRef<[u8]>,
+ I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
+{
+ let mut dest = vec![];
+ for element in elements {
+ dest.push_str(element);
+ }
+ dest
+}
+
+/// Join the elements given by the iterator with the given separator into a
+/// single `Vec<u8>`.
+///
+/// Both the separator and the elements may be any type that can be cheaply
+/// converted into an `&[u8]`. This includes, but is not limited to,
+/// `&str`, `&BStr` and `&[u8]` itself.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Basic usage:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use bstr;
+///
+/// let s = bstr::join(",", &["foo", "bar", "baz"]);
+/// assert_eq!(s, "foo,bar,baz".as_bytes());
+/// ```
+#[inline]
+pub fn join<B, T, I>(separator: B, elements: I) -> Vec<u8>
+where
+ B: AsRef<[u8]>,
+ T: AsRef<[u8]>,
+ I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
+{
+ let mut it = elements.into_iter();
+ let mut dest = vec![];
+ match it.next() {
+ None => return dest,
+ Some(first) => {
+ dest.push_str(first);
+ }
+ }
+ for element in it {
+ dest.push_str(&separator);
+ dest.push_str(element);
+ }
+ dest
+}
+
+impl ByteVec for Vec<u8> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn as_vec(&self) -> &Vec<u8> {
+ self
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn as_vec_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<u8> {
+ self
+ }
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+ self
+ }
+}
+
+/// Ensure that callers cannot implement `ByteSlice` by making an
+/// umplementable trait its super trait.
+pub trait Sealed {}
+impl Sealed for Vec<u8> {}
+
+/// A trait that extends `Vec<u8>` with string oriented methods.
+///
+/// Note that when using the constructor methods, such as
+/// `ByteVec::from_slice`, one should actually call them using the concrete
+/// type. For example:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+///
+/// let s = Vec::from_slice(b"abc"); // NOT ByteVec::from_slice("...")
+/// assert_eq!(s, B("abc"));
+/// ```
+pub trait ByteVec: Sealed {
+ /// A method for accessing the raw vector bytes of this type. This is
+ /// always a no-op and callers shouldn't care about it. This only exists
+ /// for making the extension trait work.
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ fn as_vec(&self) -> &Vec<u8>;
+
+ /// A method for accessing the raw vector bytes of this type, mutably. This
+ /// is always a no-op and callers shouldn't care about it. This only exists
+ /// for making the extension trait work.
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ fn as_vec_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<u8>;
+
+ /// A method for consuming ownership of this vector. This is always a no-op
+ /// and callers shouldn't care about it. This only exists for making the
+ /// extension trait work.
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8>
+ where
+ Self: Sized;
+
+ /// Create a new owned byte string from the given byte slice.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let s = Vec::from_slice(b"abc");
+ /// assert_eq!(s, B("abc"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_slice<B: AsRef<[u8]>>(bytes: B) -> Vec<u8> {
+ bytes.as_ref().to_vec()
+ }
+
+ /// Create a new byte string from an owned OS string.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds and is zero cost. On non-Unix systems,
+ /// this returns the original OS string if it is not valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::OsString;
+ ///
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let os_str = OsString::from("foo");
+ /// let bs = Vec::from_os_string(os_str).expect("valid UTF-8");
+ /// assert_eq!(bs, B("foo"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_os_string(os_str: OsString) -> Result<Vec<u8>, OsString> {
+ #[cfg(unix)]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp(os_str: OsString) -> Result<Vec<u8>, OsString> {
+ use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
+
+ Ok(Vec::from(os_str.into_vec()))
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(not(unix))]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp(os_str: OsString) -> Result<Vec<u8>, OsString> {
+ os_str.into_string().map(Vec::from)
+ }
+
+ imp(os_str)
+ }
+
+ /// Lossily create a new byte string from an OS string slice.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds, is zero cost and always returns a slice.
+ /// On non-Unix systems, this does a UTF-8 check. If the given OS string
+ /// slice is not valid UTF-8, then it is lossily decoded into valid UTF-8
+ /// (with invalid bytes replaced by the Unicode replacement codepoint).
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::OsStr;
+ ///
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
+ /// let bs = Vec::from_os_str_lossy(os_str);
+ /// assert_eq!(bs, B("foo"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_os_str_lossy<'a>(os_str: &'a OsStr) -> Cow<'a, [u8]> {
+ #[cfg(unix)]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp<'a>(os_str: &'a OsStr) -> Cow<'a, [u8]> {
+ use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+
+ Cow::Borrowed(os_str.as_bytes())
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(not(unix))]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp<'a>(os_str: &'a OsStr) -> Cow<'a, [u8]> {
+ match os_str.to_string_lossy() {
+ Cow::Borrowed(x) => Cow::Borrowed(x.as_bytes()),
+ Cow::Owned(x) => Cow::Owned(Vec::from(x)),
+ }
+ }
+
+ imp(os_str)
+ }
+
+ /// Create a new byte string from an owned file path.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds and is zero cost. On non-Unix systems,
+ /// this returns the original path if it is not valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::path::PathBuf;
+ ///
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let path = PathBuf::from("foo");
+ /// let bs = Vec::from_path_buf(path).expect("must be valid UTF-8");
+ /// assert_eq!(bs, B("foo"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_path_buf(path: PathBuf) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PathBuf> {
+ Vec::from_os_string(path.into_os_string()).map_err(PathBuf::from)
+ }
+
+ /// Lossily create a new byte string from a file path.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds, is zero cost and always returns a slice.
+ /// On non-Unix systems, this does a UTF-8 check. If the given path is not
+ /// valid UTF-8, then it is lossily decoded into valid UTF-8 (with invalid
+ /// bytes replaced by the Unicode replacement codepoint).
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::path::Path;
+ ///
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let path = Path::new("foo");
+ /// let bs = Vec::from_path_lossy(path);
+ /// assert_eq!(bs, B("foo"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn from_path_lossy<'a>(path: &'a Path) -> Cow<'a, [u8]> {
+ Vec::from_os_str_lossy(path.as_os_str())
+ }
+
+ /// Appends the given byte to the end of this byte string.
+ ///
+ /// Note that this is equivalent to the generic `Vec::push` method. This
+ /// method is provided to permit callers to explicitly differentiate
+ /// between pushing bytes, codepoints and strings.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = <Vec<u8>>::from("abc");
+ /// s.push_byte(b'\xE2');
+ /// s.push_byte(b'\x98');
+ /// s.push_byte(b'\x83');
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "abc☃".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn push_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
+ self.as_vec_mut().push(byte);
+ }
+
+ /// Appends the given `char` to the end of this byte string.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = <Vec<u8>>::from("abc");
+ /// s.push_char('1');
+ /// s.push_char('2');
+ /// s.push_char('3');
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "abc123".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn push_char(&mut self, ch: char) {
+ if ch.len_utf8() == 1 {
+ self.push_byte(ch as u8);
+ return;
+ }
+ self.as_vec_mut()
+ .extend_from_slice(ch.encode_utf8(&mut [0; 4]).as_bytes());
+ }
+
+ /// Appends the given slice to the end of this byte string. This accepts
+ /// any type that be converted to a `&[u8]`. This includes, but is not
+ /// limited to, `&str`, `&BStr`, and of course, `&[u8]` itself.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = <Vec<u8>>::from("abc");
+ /// s.push_str(b"123");
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "abc123".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn push_str<B: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, bytes: B) {
+ self.as_vec_mut().extend_from_slice(bytes.as_ref());
+ }
+
+ /// Converts a `Vec<u8>` into a `String` if and only if this byte string is
+ /// valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// If it is not valid UTF-8, then a
+ /// [`FromUtf8Error`](struct.FromUtf8Error.html)
+ /// is returned. (This error can be used to examine why UTF-8 validation
+ /// failed, or to regain the original byte string.)
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// # fn example() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from("hello");
+ /// let string = bytes.into_string()?;
+ ///
+ /// assert_eq!("hello", string);
+ /// # Ok(()) }; example().unwrap()
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// If this byte string is not valid UTF-8, then an error will be returned.
+ /// That error can then be used to inspect the location at which invalid
+ /// UTF-8 was found, or to regain the original byte string:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let err = bytes.into_string().unwrap_err();
+ ///
+ /// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().valid_up_to(), 3);
+ /// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().error_len(), Some(1));
+ ///
+ /// // At no point in this example is an allocation performed.
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from(err.into_vec());
+ /// assert_eq!(bytes, B(b"foo\xFFbar"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_string(self) -> Result<String, FromUtf8Error>
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ match utf8::validate(self.as_vec()) {
+ Err(err) => Err(FromUtf8Error { original: self.into_vec(), err }),
+ Ok(()) => {
+ // SAFETY: This is safe because of the guarantees provided by
+ // utf8::validate.
+ unsafe { Ok(self.into_string_unchecked()) }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Lossily converts a `Vec<u8>` into a `String`. If this byte string
+ /// contains invalid UTF-8, then the invalid bytes are replaced with the
+ /// Unicode replacement codepoint.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let string = bytes.into_string_lossy();
+ /// assert_eq!(string, "foo\u{FFFD}bar");
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_string_lossy(self) -> String
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ match self.as_vec().to_str_lossy() {
+ Cow::Borrowed(_) => {
+ // SAFETY: to_str_lossy() returning a Cow::Borrowed guarantees
+ // the entire string is valid utf8.
+ unsafe { self.into_string_unchecked() }
+ }
+ Cow::Owned(s) => s,
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Unsafely convert this byte string into a `String`, without checking for
+ /// valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// # Safety
+ ///
+ /// Callers *must* ensure that this byte string is valid UTF-8 before
+ /// calling this method. Converting a byte string into a `String` that is
+ /// not valid UTF-8 is considered undefined behavior.
+ ///
+ /// This routine is useful in performance sensitive contexts where the
+ /// UTF-8 validity of the byte string is already known and it is
+ /// undesirable to pay the cost of an additional UTF-8 validation check
+ /// that [`into_string`](#method.into_string) performs.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// // SAFETY: This is safe because string literals are guaranteed to be
+ /// // valid UTF-8 by the Rust compiler.
+ /// let s = unsafe { Vec::from("☃βツ").into_string_unchecked() };
+ /// assert_eq!("☃βツ", s);
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ unsafe fn into_string_unchecked(self) -> String
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ String::from_utf8_unchecked(self.into_vec())
+ }
+
+ /// Converts this byte string into an OS string, in place.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds and is zero cost. On non-Unix systems,
+ /// this returns the original byte string if it is not valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use std::ffi::OsStr;
+ ///
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let bs = Vec::from("foo");
+ /// let os_str = bs.into_os_string().expect("should be valid UTF-8");
+ /// assert_eq!(os_str, OsStr::new("foo"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_os_string(self) -> Result<OsString, Vec<u8>>
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ #[cfg(unix)]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp(v: Vec<u8>) -> Result<OsString, Vec<u8>> {
+ use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
+
+ Ok(OsString::from_vec(v))
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(not(unix))]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp(v: Vec<u8>) -> Result<OsString, Vec<u8>> {
+ match v.into_string() {
+ Ok(s) => Ok(OsString::from(s)),
+ Err(err) => Err(err.into_vec()),
+ }
+ }
+
+ imp(self.into_vec())
+ }
+
+ /// Lossily converts this byte string into an OS string, in place.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds and is zero cost. On non-Unix systems,
+ /// this will perform a UTF-8 check and lossily convert this byte string
+ /// into valid UTF-8 using the Unicode replacement codepoint.
+ ///
+ /// Note that this can prevent the correct roundtripping of file paths on
+ /// non-Unix systems such as Windows, where file paths are an arbitrary
+ /// sequence of 16-bit integers.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let bs = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let os_str = bs.into_os_string_lossy();
+ /// assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "foo\u{FFFD}bar");
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_os_string_lossy(self) -> OsString
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ #[cfg(unix)]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp(v: Vec<u8>) -> OsString {
+ use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt;
+
+ OsString::from_vec(v)
+ }
+
+ #[cfg(not(unix))]
+ #[inline]
+ fn imp(v: Vec<u8>) -> OsString {
+ OsString::from(v.into_string_lossy())
+ }
+
+ imp(self.into_vec())
+ }
+
+ /// Converts this byte string into an owned file path, in place.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds and is zero cost. On non-Unix systems,
+ /// this returns the original byte string if it is not valid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let bs = Vec::from("foo");
+ /// let path = bs.into_path_buf().expect("should be valid UTF-8");
+ /// assert_eq!(path.as_os_str(), "foo");
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_path_buf(self) -> Result<PathBuf, Vec<u8>>
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ self.into_os_string().map(PathBuf::from)
+ }
+
+ /// Lossily converts this byte string into an owned file path, in place.
+ ///
+ /// On Unix, this always succeeds and is zero cost. On non-Unix systems,
+ /// this will perform a UTF-8 check and lossily convert this byte string
+ /// into valid UTF-8 using the Unicode replacement codepoint.
+ ///
+ /// Note that this can prevent the correct roundtripping of file paths on
+ /// non-Unix systems such as Windows, where file paths are an arbitrary
+ /// sequence of 16-bit integers.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let bs = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let path = bs.into_path_buf_lossy();
+ /// assert_eq!(path.to_string_lossy(), "foo\u{FFFD}bar");
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn into_path_buf_lossy(self) -> PathBuf
+ where
+ Self: Sized,
+ {
+ PathBuf::from(self.into_os_string_lossy())
+ }
+
+ /// Removes the last byte from this `Vec<u8>` and returns it.
+ ///
+ /// If this byte string is empty, then `None` is returned.
+ ///
+ /// If the last codepoint in this byte string is not ASCII, then removing
+ /// the last byte could make this byte string contain invalid UTF-8.
+ ///
+ /// Note that this is equivalent to the generic `Vec::pop` method. This
+ /// method is provided to permit callers to explicitly differentiate
+ /// between popping bytes and codepoints.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foo");
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_byte(), Some(b'o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_byte(), Some(b'o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_byte(), Some(b'f'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_byte(), None);
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn pop_byte(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
+ self.as_vec_mut().pop()
+ }
+
+ /// Removes the last codepoint from this `Vec<u8>` and returns it.
+ ///
+ /// If this byte string is empty, then `None` is returned. If the last
+ /// bytes of this byte string do not correspond to a valid UTF-8 code unit
+ /// sequence, then the Unicode replacement codepoint is yielded instead in
+ /// accordance with the
+ /// [replacement codepoint substitution policy](index.html#handling-of-invalid-utf8-8).
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foo");
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('f'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), None);
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// This shows the replacement codepoint substitution policy. Note that
+ /// the first pop yields a replacement codepoint but actually removes two
+ /// bytes. This is in contrast with subsequent pops when encountering
+ /// `\xFF` since `\xFF` is never a valid prefix for any valid UTF-8
+ /// code unit sequence.
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from_slice(b"f\xFF\xFF\xFFoo\xE2\x98");
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('\u{FFFD}'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('\u{FFFD}'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('\u{FFFD}'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('\u{FFFD}'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), Some('f'));
+ /// assert_eq!(s.pop_char(), None);
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn pop_char(&mut self) -> Option<char> {
+ let (ch, size) = utf8::decode_last_lossy(self.as_vec());
+ if size == 0 {
+ return None;
+ }
+ let new_len = self.as_vec().len() - size;
+ self.as_vec_mut().truncate(new_len);
+ Some(ch)
+ }
+
+ /// Removes a `char` from this `Vec<u8>` at the given byte position and
+ /// returns it.
+ ///
+ /// If the bytes at the given position do not lead to a valid UTF-8 code
+ /// unit sequence, then a
+ /// [replacement codepoint is returned instead](index.html#handling-of-invalid-utf8-8).
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Panics if `at` is larger than or equal to this byte string's length.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foo☃bar");
+ /// assert_eq!(s.remove_char(3), '☃');
+ /// assert_eq!(s, b"foobar");
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// This example shows how the Unicode replacement codepoint policy is
+ /// used:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// assert_eq!(s.remove_char(3), '\u{FFFD}');
+ /// assert_eq!(s, b"foobar");
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn remove_char(&mut self, at: usize) -> char {
+ let (ch, size) = utf8::decode_lossy(&self.as_vec()[at..]);
+ assert!(
+ size > 0,
+ "expected {} to be less than {}",
+ at,
+ self.as_vec().len(),
+ );
+ self.as_vec_mut().drain(at..at + size);
+ ch
+ }
+
+ /// Inserts the given codepoint into this `Vec<u8>` at a particular byte
+ /// position.
+ ///
+ /// This is an `O(n)` operation as it may copy a number of elements in this
+ /// byte string proportional to its length.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Panics if `at` is larger than the byte string's length.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ /// s.insert_char(3, '☃');
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "foo☃bar".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn insert_char(&mut self, at: usize, ch: char) {
+ self.insert_str(at, ch.encode_utf8(&mut [0; 4]).as_bytes());
+ }
+
+ /// Inserts the given byte string into this byte string at a particular
+ /// byte position.
+ ///
+ /// This is an `O(n)` operation as it may copy a number of elements in this
+ /// byte string proportional to its length.
+ ///
+ /// The given byte string may be any type that can be cheaply converted
+ /// into a `&[u8]`. This includes, but is not limited to, `&str` and
+ /// `&[u8]`.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Panics if `at` is larger than the byte string's length.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ /// s.insert_str(3, "☃☃☃");
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "foo☃☃☃bar".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn insert_str<B: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, at: usize, bytes: B) {
+ let bytes = bytes.as_ref();
+ let len = self.as_vec().len();
+ assert!(at <= len, "expected {} to be <= {}", at, len);
+
+ // SAFETY: We'd like to efficiently splice in the given bytes into
+ // this byte string. Since we are only working with `u8` elements here,
+ // we only need to consider whether our bounds are correct and whether
+ // our byte string has enough space.
+ self.as_vec_mut().reserve(bytes.len());
+ unsafe {
+ // Shift bytes after `at` over by the length of `bytes` to make
+ // room for it. This requires referencing two regions of memory
+ // that may overlap, so we use ptr::copy.
+ ptr::copy(
+ self.as_vec().as_ptr().add(at),
+ self.as_vec_mut().as_mut_ptr().add(at + bytes.len()),
+ len - at,
+ );
+ // Now copy the bytes given into the room we made above. In this
+ // case, we know that the given bytes cannot possibly overlap
+ // with this byte string since we have a mutable borrow of the
+ // latter. Thus, we can use a nonoverlapping copy.
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+ bytes.as_ptr(),
+ self.as_vec_mut().as_mut_ptr().add(at),
+ bytes.len(),
+ );
+ self.as_vec_mut().set_len(len + bytes.len());
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// Removes the specified range in this byte string and replaces it with
+ /// the given bytes. The given bytes do not need to have the same length
+ /// as the range provided.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Panics if the given range is invalid.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ /// s.replace_range(2..4, "xxxxx");
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "foxxxxxar".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn replace_range<R, B>(&mut self, range: R, replace_with: B)
+ where
+ R: ops::RangeBounds<usize>,
+ B: AsRef<[u8]>,
+ {
+ self.as_vec_mut().splice(range, replace_with.as_ref().iter().cloned());
+ }
+
+ /// Creates a draining iterator that removes the specified range in this
+ /// `Vec<u8>` and yields each of the removed bytes.
+ ///
+ /// Note that the elements specified by the given range are removed
+ /// regardless of whether the returned iterator is fully exhausted.
+ ///
+ /// Also note that is is unspecified how many bytes are removed from the
+ /// `Vec<u8>` if the `DrainBytes` iterator is leaked.
+ ///
+ /// # Panics
+ ///
+ /// Panics if the given range is not valid.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::ByteVec;
+ ///
+ /// let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ /// {
+ /// let mut drainer = s.drain_bytes(2..4);
+ /// assert_eq!(drainer.next(), Some(b'o'));
+ /// assert_eq!(drainer.next(), Some(b'b'));
+ /// assert_eq!(drainer.next(), None);
+ /// }
+ /// assert_eq!(s, "foar".as_bytes());
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ fn drain_bytes<R>(&mut self, range: R) -> DrainBytes<'_>
+ where
+ R: ops::RangeBounds<usize>,
+ {
+ DrainBytes { it: self.as_vec_mut().drain(range) }
+ }
+}
+
+/// A draining byte oriented iterator for `Vec<u8>`.
+///
+/// This iterator is created by
+/// [`ByteVec::drain_bytes`](trait.ByteVec.html#method.drain_bytes).
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Basic usage:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use bstr::ByteVec;
+///
+/// let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+/// {
+/// let mut drainer = s.drain_bytes(2..4);
+/// assert_eq!(drainer.next(), Some(b'o'));
+/// assert_eq!(drainer.next(), Some(b'b'));
+/// assert_eq!(drainer.next(), None);
+/// }
+/// assert_eq!(s, "foar".as_bytes());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DrainBytes<'a> {
+ it: vec::Drain<'a, u8>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> iter::FusedIterator for DrainBytes<'a> {}
+
+impl<'a> Iterator for DrainBytes<'a> {
+ type Item = u8;
+
+ #[inline]
+ fn next(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
+ self.it.next()
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for DrainBytes<'a> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
+ self.it.next_back()
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ExactSizeIterator for DrainBytes<'a> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn len(&self) -> usize {
+ self.it.len()
+ }
+}
+
+/// An error that may occur when converting a `Vec<u8>` to a `String`.
+///
+/// This error includes the original `Vec<u8>` that failed to convert to a
+/// `String`. This permits callers to recover the allocation used even if it
+/// it not valid UTF-8.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Basic usage:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+///
+/// let bytes = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+/// let err = bytes.into_string().unwrap_err();
+///
+/// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().valid_up_to(), 3);
+/// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().error_len(), Some(1));
+///
+/// // At no point in this example is an allocation performed.
+/// let bytes = Vec::from(err.into_vec());
+/// assert_eq!(bytes, B(b"foo\xFFbar"));
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct FromUtf8Error {
+ original: Vec<u8>,
+ err: Utf8Error,
+}
+
+impl FromUtf8Error {
+ /// Return the original bytes as a slice that failed to convert to a
+ /// `String`.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let err = bytes.into_string().unwrap_err();
+ ///
+ /// // At no point in this example is an allocation performed.
+ /// assert_eq!(err.as_bytes(), B(b"foo\xFFbar"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+ &self.original
+ }
+
+ /// Consume this error and return the original byte string that failed to
+ /// convert to a `String`.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let err = bytes.into_string().unwrap_err();
+ /// let original = err.into_vec();
+ ///
+ /// // At no point in this example is an allocation performed.
+ /// assert_eq!(original, B(b"foo\xFFbar"));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+ self.original
+ }
+
+ /// Return the underlying UTF-8 error that occurred. This error provides
+ /// information on the nature and location of the invalid UTF-8 detected.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// Basic usage:
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use bstr::{B, ByteVec};
+ ///
+ /// let bytes = Vec::from_slice(b"foo\xFFbar");
+ /// let err = bytes.into_string().unwrap_err();
+ ///
+ /// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().valid_up_to(), 3);
+ /// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().error_len(), Some(1));
+ /// ```
+ #[inline]
+ pub fn utf8_error(&self) -> &Utf8Error {
+ &self.err
+ }
+}
+
+impl error::Error for FromUtf8Error {
+ #[inline]
+ fn description(&self) -> &str {
+ "invalid UTF-8 vector"
+ }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for FromUtf8Error {
+ #[inline]
+ fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+ write!(f, "{}", self.err)
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use crate::ext_vec::ByteVec;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn insert() {
+ let mut s = vec![];
+ s.insert_str(0, "foo");
+ assert_eq!(s, "foo".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("a");
+ s.insert_str(0, "foo");
+ assert_eq!(s, "fooa".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("a");
+ s.insert_str(1, "foo");
+ assert_eq!(s, "afoo".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ s.insert_str(3, "quux");
+ assert_eq!(s, "fooquuxbar".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ s.insert_str(3, "x");
+ assert_eq!(s, "fooxbar".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ s.insert_str(0, "x");
+ assert_eq!(s, "xfoobar".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ s.insert_str(6, "x");
+ assert_eq!(s, "foobarx".as_bytes());
+
+ let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ s.insert_str(3, "quuxbazquux");
+ assert_eq!(s, "fooquuxbazquuxbar".as_bytes());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn insert_fail1() {
+ let mut s = vec![];
+ s.insert_str(1, "foo");
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn insert_fail2() {
+ let mut s = Vec::from("a");
+ s.insert_str(2, "foo");
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn insert_fail3() {
+ let mut s = Vec::from("foobar");
+ s.insert_str(7, "foo");
+ }
+}