diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'vendor/clap/examples/tutorial_derive/README.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/clap/examples/tutorial_derive/README.md | 639 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 639 deletions
diff --git a/vendor/clap/examples/tutorial_derive/README.md b/vendor/clap/examples/tutorial_derive/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6127b6cd3..000000000 --- a/vendor/clap/examples/tutorial_derive/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,639 +0,0 @@ -# Tutorial - -*Jump to [builder tutorial](../tutorial_builder/README.md)* - -1. [Quick Start](#quick-start) -2. [Configuring the Parser](#configuring-the-parser) -3. [Adding Arguments](#adding-arguments) - 1. [Positionals](#positionals) - 2. [Options](#options) - 3. [Flags](#flags) - 4. [Subcommands](#subcommands) - 5. [Defaults](#defaults) -4. Validation - 1. [Enumerated values](#enumerated-values) - 2. [Validated values](#validated-values) - 3. [Argument Relations](#argument-relations) - 4. [Custom Validation](#custom-validation) -5. [Tips](#tips) -6. [Contributing](#contributing) - -## Quick Start - -You can create an application declaratively with a `struct` and some -attributes. **This requires enabling the `derive` feature flag.** - -[Example:](01_quick.rs) -```console -$ 01_quick_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 01_quick_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] [NAME] [SUBCOMMAND] - -ARGS: - <NAME> Optional name to operate on - -OPTIONS: - -c, --config <FILE> Sets a custom config file - -d, --debug Turn debugging information on - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -SUBCOMMANDS: - help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s) - test does testing things - -``` - -By default, the program does nothing: -```console -$ 01_quick_derive -Debug mode is off - -``` - -But you can mix and match the various features -```console -$ 01_quick_derive -dd test -Debug mode is on -Not printing testing lists... - -``` - -In addition to this tutorial, see the [derive reference](../derive_ref/README.md). - -## Configuring the Parser - -You use derive `Parser` the start building a parser. - -[Example:](02_apps.rs) -```console -$ 02_apps_derive --help -MyApp 1.0 -Kevin K. <kbknapp@gmail.com> -Does awesome things - -USAGE: - 02_apps_derive[EXE] --two <TWO> --one <ONE> - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - --one <ONE> - --two <TWO> - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 02_apps_derive --version -MyApp 1.0 - -``` - -You can use `#[clap(author, version, about)]` attribute defaults to fill these fields in from your `Cargo.toml` file. - -[Example:](02_crate.rs) -```console -$ 02_crate_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 02_crate_derive[EXE] --two <TWO> --one <ONE> - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - --one <ONE> - --two <TWO> - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 02_crate_derive --version -clap [..] - -``` - -You can use attributes to change the application level behavior of clap. Any `Command` builder function can be used as an attribute. - -[Example:](02_app_settings.rs) -```console -$ 02_app_settings_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 02_app_settings_derive[EXE] --two <TWO> --one <ONE> - -OPTIONS: - --two <TWO> - --one <ONE> - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 02_app_settings_derive --one -1 --one -3 --two 10 -two: "10" -one: "-3" - -``` - -## Adding Arguments - -### Positionals - -You can have users specify values by their position on the command-line: - -[Example:](03_03_positional.rs) -```console -$ 03_03_positional_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_03_positional_derive[EXE] [NAME] - -ARGS: - <NAME> - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 03_03_positional_derive -name: None - -$ 03_03_positional_derive bob -name: Some("bob") - -``` - -### Options - -You can name your arguments with a flag: -- Order doesn't matter -- They can be optional -- Intent is clearer - -The `#[clap(short = 'c')]` and `#[clap(long = "name")]` attributes that define -the flags are `Arg` methods that are derived from the field name when no value -is specified (`#[clap(short)]` and `#[clap(long)]`). - -[Example:](03_02_option.rs) -```console -$ 03_02_option_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_02_option_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -n, --name <NAME> - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 03_02_option_derive -name: None - -$ 03_02_option_derive --name bob -name: Some("bob") - -$ 03_02_option_derive --name=bob -name: Some("bob") - -$ 03_02_option_derive -n bob -name: Some("bob") - -$ 03_02_option_derive -n=bob -name: Some("bob") - -$ 03_02_option_derive -nbob -name: Some("bob") - -``` - -### Flags - -Flags can also be switches that can be on/off. This is enabled via the -`#[clap(parse(from_flag)]` attribute though this is implied when the field is a -`bool`. - -[Example:](03_01_flag_bool.rs) -```console -$ 03_01_flag_bool_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_01_flag_bool_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -v, --verbose - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 03_01_flag_bool_derive -verbose: false - -$ 03_01_flag_bool_derive --verbose -verbose: true - -$ 03_01_flag_bool_derive --verbose --verbose -verbose: true - -``` - -Or counted with `#[clap(action = clap::ArgAction::Count)]`: - -[Example:](03_01_flag_count.rs) -```console -$ 03_01_flag_count_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_01_flag_count_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -v, --verbose - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 03_01_flag_count_derive -verbose: 0 - -$ 03_01_flag_count_derive --verbose -verbose: 1 - -$ 03_01_flag_count_derive --verbose --verbose -verbose: 2 - -``` - -### Subcommands - -Subcommands are derived with `#[derive(Subcommand)]` and be added via `#[clap(subcommand)]` attribute. Each -instance of a Subcommand can have its own version, author(s), Args, and even its own -subcommands. - -[Example:](03_04_subcommands.rs) -```console -$ 03_04_subcommands_derive help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_04_subcommands_derive[EXE] <SUBCOMMAND> - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -SUBCOMMANDS: - add Adds files to myapp - help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s) - -$ 03_04_subcommands_derive help add -03_04_subcommands_derive[EXE]-add [..] -Adds files to myapp - -USAGE: - 03_04_subcommands_derive[EXE] add [NAME] - -ARGS: - <NAME> - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 03_04_subcommands_derive add bob -'myapp add' was used, name is: Some("bob") - -``` - -Above, we used a struct-variant to define the `add` subcommand. Alternatively, -you can -[use a struct for your subcommand's arguments](03_04_subcommands_alt.rs). - -Because we used `command: Commands` instead of `command: Option<Commands>`: -```console -$ 03_04_subcommands_derive -? failed -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_04_subcommands_derive[EXE] <SUBCOMMAND> - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -SUBCOMMANDS: - add Adds files to myapp - help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s) - -``` - -Because we added `#[clap(propagate_version = true)]`: -```console -$ 03_04_subcommands_derive --version -clap [..] - -$ 03_04_subcommands_derive add --version -03_04_subcommands_derive[EXE]-add [..] - -``` - -### Defaults - -We've previously showed that arguments can be `required` or optional. When -optional, you work with an `Option` and can `unwrap_or`. Alternatively, you can -set `#[clap(default_value_t)]`. - -[Example:](03_05_default_values.rs) -```console -$ 03_05_default_values_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 03_05_default_values_derive[EXE] [NAME] - -ARGS: - <NAME> [default: alice] - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 03_05_default_values_derive -name: "alice" - -$ 03_05_default_values_derive bob -name: "bob" - -``` - -## Validation - -### Enumerated values - -If you have arguments of specific values you want to test for, you can derive -`ValueEnum`. - -This allows you specify the valid values for that argument. If the user does not use one of -those specific values, they will receive a graceful exit with error message informing them -of the mistake, and what the possible valid values are - -[Example:](04_01_enum.rs) -```console -$ 04_01_enum_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 04_01_enum_derive[EXE] <MODE> - -ARGS: - <MODE> What mode to run the program in [possible values: fast, slow] - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 04_01_enum_derive fast -Hare - -$ 04_01_enum_derive slow -Tortoise - -$ 04_01_enum_derive medium -? failed -error: "medium" isn't a valid value for '<MODE>' - [possible values: fast, slow] - -For more information try --help - -``` - -### Validated values - -More generally, you can validate and parse into any data type. - -[Example:](04_02_parse.rs) -```console -$ 04_02_parse_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 04_02_parse_derive[EXE] <PORT> - -ARGS: - <PORT> Network port to use - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 04_02_parse_derive 22 -PORT = 22 - -$ 04_02_parse_derive foobar -? failed -error: Invalid value "foobar" for '<PORT>': invalid digit found in string - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_02_parse_derive 0 -? failed -error: Invalid value "0" for '<PORT>': 0 is not in 1..=65535 - -For more information try --help - -``` - -A custom parser can be used to improve the error messages or provide additional validation: - -[Example:](04_02_validate.rs) -```console -$ 04_02_validate_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 04_02_validate_derive[EXE] <PORT> - -ARGS: - <PORT> Network port to use - -OPTIONS: - -h, --help Print help information - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 04_02_validate_derive 22 -PORT = 22 - -$ 04_02_validate_derive foobar -? failed -error: Invalid value "foobar" for '<PORT>': `foobar` isn't a port number - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_02_validate_derive 0 -? failed -error: Invalid value "0" for '<PORT>': Port not in range 1-65535 - -For more information try --help - -``` - -### Argument Relations - -You can declare dependencies or conflicts between `Arg`s or even `ArgGroup`s. - -`ArgGroup`s make it easier to declare relations instead of having to list each -individually, or when you want a rule to apply "any but not all" arguments. - -Perhaps the most common use of `ArgGroup`s is to require one and *only* one argument to be -present out of a given set. Imagine that you had multiple arguments, and you want one of them to -be required, but making all of them required isn't feasible because perhaps they conflict with -each other. - -[Example:](04_03_relations.rs) -```console -$ 04_03_relations_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 04_03_relations_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] <--set-ver <VER>|--major|--minor|--patch> [INPUT_FILE] - -ARGS: - <INPUT_FILE> some regular input - -OPTIONS: - -c <CONFIG> - -h, --help Print help information - --major auto inc major - --minor auto inc minor - --patch auto inc patch - --set-ver <VER> set version manually - --spec-in <SPEC_IN> some special input argument - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 04_03_relations_derive -? failed -error: The following required arguments were not provided: - <--set-ver <VER>|--major|--minor|--patch> - -USAGE: - 04_03_relations_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] <--set-ver <VER>|--major|--minor|--patch> [INPUT_FILE] - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_03_relations_derive --major -Version: 2.2.3 - -$ 04_03_relations_derive --major --minor -? failed -error: The argument '--major' cannot be used with '--minor' - -USAGE: - 04_03_relations_derive[EXE] <--set-ver <VER>|--major|--minor|--patch> - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_03_relations_derive --major -c config.toml -? failed -error: The following required arguments were not provided: - <INPUT_FILE|--spec-in <SPEC_IN>> - -USAGE: - 04_03_relations_derive[EXE] -c <CONFIG> <--set-ver <VER>|--major|--minor|--patch> <INPUT_FILE|--spec-in <SPEC_IN>> - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_03_relations_derive --major -c config.toml --spec-in input.txt -Version: 2.2.3 -Doing work using input input.txt and config config.toml - -``` - -### Custom Validation - -As a last resort, you can create custom errors with the basics of clap's formatting. - -[Example:](04_04_custom.rs) -```console -$ 04_04_custom_derive --help -clap [..] -A simple to use, efficient, and full-featured Command Line Argument Parser - -USAGE: - 04_04_custom_derive[EXE] [OPTIONS] [INPUT_FILE] - -ARGS: - <INPUT_FILE> some regular input - -OPTIONS: - -c <CONFIG> - -h, --help Print help information - --major auto inc major - --minor auto inc minor - --patch auto inc patch - --set-ver <VER> set version manually - --spec-in <SPEC_IN> some special input argument - -V, --version Print version information - -$ 04_04_custom_derive -? failed -error: Can only modify one version field - -USAGE: - clap [OPTIONS] [INPUT_FILE] - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_04_custom_derive --major -Version: 2.2.3 - -$ 04_04_custom_derive --major --minor -? failed -error: Can only modify one version field - -USAGE: - clap [OPTIONS] [INPUT_FILE] - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_04_custom_derive --major -c config.toml -? failed -Version: 2.2.3 -error: INPUT_FILE or --spec-in is required when using --config - -USAGE: - clap [OPTIONS] [INPUT_FILE] - -For more information try --help - -$ 04_04_custom_derive --major -c config.toml --spec-in input.txt -Version: 2.2.3 -Doing work using input input.txt and config config.toml - -``` - -## Tips - -- For more complex demonstration of features, see our [examples](../README.md). -- See the [derive reference](../derive_ref/README.md) to understand how to use - anything in the [builder API](https://docs.rs/clap/) in the derive API. -- Proactively check for bad `Command` configurations by calling `Command::debug_assert` in a test ([example](05_01_assert.rs)) - -## Contributing - -New example code: -- Please update the corresponding section in the [builder tutorial](../tutorial_builder/README.md) -- Building: They must be added to [Cargo.toml](../../Cargo.toml) with the appropriate `required-features`. -- Testing: Ensure there is a markdown file with [trycmd](https://docs.rs/trycmd) syntax (generally they'll go in here). - -See also the general [CONTRIBUTING](../../CONTRIBUTING.md). |