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+/// Allows you to pull the version from your Cargo.toml at compile time as
+/// `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH_PKGVERSION_PRE`
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # #[macro_use]
+/// # extern crate clap;
+/// # use clap::Command;
+/// # fn main() {
+/// let m = Command::new("cmd")
+/// .version(crate_version!())
+/// .get_matches();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! crate_version {
+ () => {
+ env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
+ };
+}
+
+/// Allows you to pull the authors for the command from your Cargo.toml at
+/// compile time in the form:
+/// `"author1 lastname <author1@example.com>:author2 lastname <author2@example.com>"`
+///
+/// You can replace the colons with a custom separator by supplying a
+/// replacement string, so, for example,
+/// `crate_authors!(",\n")` would become
+/// `"author1 lastname <author1@example.com>,\nauthor2 lastname <author2@example.com>,\nauthor3 lastname <author3@example.com>"`
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # #[macro_use]
+/// # extern crate clap;
+/// # use clap::Command;
+/// # fn main() {
+/// let m = Command::new("cmd")
+/// .author(crate_authors!("\n"))
+/// .get_matches();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! crate_authors {
+ ($sep:expr) => {{
+ static authors: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS");
+ if authors.contains(':') {
+ static CACHED: clap::__macro_refs::once_cell::sync::Lazy<String> =
+ clap::__macro_refs::once_cell::sync::Lazy::new(|| authors.replace(':', $sep));
+ let s: &'static str = &*CACHED;
+ s
+ } else {
+ authors
+ }
+ }};
+ () => {
+ env!("CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS")
+ };
+}
+
+/// Allows you to pull the description from your Cargo.toml at compile time.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # #[macro_use]
+/// # extern crate clap;
+/// # use clap::Command;
+/// # fn main() {
+/// let m = Command::new("cmd")
+/// .about(crate_description!())
+/// .get_matches();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! crate_description {
+ () => {
+ env!("CARGO_PKG_DESCRIPTION")
+ };
+}
+
+/// Allows you to pull the name from your Cargo.toml at compile time.
+///
+/// **NOTE:** This macro extracts the name from an environment variable `CARGO_PKG_NAME`.
+/// When the crate name is set to something different from the package name,
+/// use environment variables `CARGO_CRATE_NAME` or `CARGO_BIN_NAME`.
+/// See [the Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/environment-variables.html)
+/// for more information.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # #[macro_use]
+/// # extern crate clap;
+/// # use clap::Command;
+/// # fn main() {
+/// let m = Command::new(crate_name!())
+/// .get_matches();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! crate_name {
+ () => {
+ env!("CARGO_PKG_NAME")
+ };
+}
+
+/// Allows you to build the `Command` instance from your Cargo.toml at compile time.
+///
+/// **NOTE:** Changing the values in your `Cargo.toml` does not trigger a re-build automatically,
+/// and therefore won't change the generated output until you recompile.
+///
+/// In some cases you can "trick" the compiler into triggering a rebuild when your
+/// `Cargo.toml` is changed by including this in your `src/main.rs` file
+/// `include_str!("../Cargo.toml");`
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// # #[macro_use]
+/// # extern crate clap;
+/// # fn main() {
+/// let m = command!().get_matches();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "cargo")]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! command {
+ () => {{
+ $crate::command!($crate::crate_name!())
+ }};
+ ($name:expr) => {{
+ let mut cmd = $crate::Command::new($name).version($crate::crate_version!());
+
+ let author = $crate::crate_authors!();
+ if !author.is_empty() {
+ cmd = cmd.author(author)
+ }
+
+ let about = $crate::crate_description!();
+ if !about.is_empty() {
+ cmd = cmd.about(about)
+ }
+
+ cmd
+ }};
+}
+
+/// Requires `cargo` feature flag to be enabled.
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cargo"))]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! command {
+ () => {{
+ compile_error!("`cargo` feature flag is required");
+ }};
+ ($name:expr) => {{
+ compile_error!("`cargo` feature flag is required");
+ }};
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! arg_impl {
+ ( @string $val:ident ) => {
+ stringify!($val)
+ };
+ ( @string $val:literal ) => {{
+ let ident_or_string_literal: &str = $val;
+ ident_or_string_literal
+ }};
+ ( @string $val:tt ) => {
+ ::std::compile_error!("Only identifiers or string literals supported");
+ };
+ ( @string ) => {
+ None
+ };
+
+ ( @char $val:ident ) => {{
+ let ident_or_char_literal = stringify!($val);
+ debug_assert_eq!(
+ ident_or_char_literal.len(),
+ 1,
+ "Single-letter identifier expected, got {}",
+ ident_or_char_literal
+ );
+ ident_or_char_literal.chars().next().unwrap()
+ }};
+ ( @char $val:literal ) => {{
+ let ident_or_char_literal: char = $val;
+ ident_or_char_literal
+ }};
+ ( @char ) => {{
+ None
+ }};
+
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ --$long:ident
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Flags should precede values");
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+
+ let mut arg = $arg;
+ let long = $crate::arg_impl! { @string $long };
+ if arg.get_id() == "" {
+ arg = arg.id(long);
+ }
+ let action = $crate::ArgAction::SetTrue;
+ let arg = arg
+ .long(long)
+ .action(action);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ --$long:literal
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Flags should precede values");
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+
+ let mut arg = $arg;
+ let long = $crate::arg_impl! { @string $long };
+ if arg.get_id() == "" {
+ arg = arg.id(long);
+ }
+ let action = $crate::ArgAction::SetTrue;
+ let arg = arg
+ .long(long)
+ .action(action);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ -$short:ident
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_long(), None, "Short flags should precede long flags");
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Flags should precede values");
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+
+ let action = $crate::ArgAction::SetTrue;
+ let arg = $arg
+ .short($crate::arg_impl! { @char $short })
+ .action(action);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ -$short:literal
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_long(), None, "Short flags should precede long flags");
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Flags should precede values");
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+
+ let action = $crate::ArgAction::SetTrue;
+ let arg = $arg
+ .short($crate::arg_impl! { @char $short })
+ .action(action);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ <$value_name:ident>
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Multiple values not yet supported");
+
+ let mut arg = $arg;
+
+ if arg.get_long().is_none() && arg.get_short().is_none() {
+ arg = arg.required(true);
+ }
+
+ let value_name = $crate::arg_impl! { @string $value_name };
+ if arg.get_id() == "" {
+ arg = arg.id(value_name);
+ }
+ let arg = arg
+ .value_name(value_name)
+ .action($crate::ArgAction::Set);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ <$value_name:literal>
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Multiple values not yet supported");
+
+ let mut arg = $arg;
+
+ if arg.get_long().is_none() && arg.get_short().is_none() {
+ arg = arg.required(true);
+ }
+
+ let value_name = $crate::arg_impl! { @string $value_name };
+ if arg.get_id() == "" {
+ arg = arg.id(value_name);
+ }
+ let arg = arg
+ .value_name(value_name)
+ .action($crate::ArgAction::Set);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ [$value_name:ident]
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Multiple values not yet supported");
+
+ let mut arg = $arg;
+
+ if arg.get_long().is_none() && arg.get_short().is_none() {
+ arg = arg.required(false);
+ } else {
+ arg = arg.num_args(0..=1);
+ }
+
+ let value_name = $crate::arg_impl! { @string $value_name };
+ if arg.get_id() == "" {
+ arg = arg.id(value_name);
+ }
+ let arg = arg
+ .value_name(value_name)
+ .action($crate::ArgAction::Set);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ [$value_name:literal]
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ debug_assert!(!matches!($arg.get_action(), $crate::ArgAction::Append), "Flags should precede `...`");
+ debug_assert_eq!($arg.get_value_names(), None, "Multiple values not yet supported");
+
+ let mut arg = $arg;
+
+ if arg.get_long().is_none() && arg.get_short().is_none() {
+ arg = arg.required(false);
+ } else {
+ arg = arg.num_args(0..=1);
+ }
+
+ let value_name = $crate::arg_impl! { @string $value_name };
+ if arg.get_id() == "" {
+ arg = arg.id(value_name);
+ }
+ let arg = arg
+ .value_name(value_name)
+ .action($crate::ArgAction::Set);
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ ...
+ $($tail:tt)*
+ ) => {{
+ let arg = match $arg.get_action() {
+ $crate::ArgAction::Set => {
+ if $arg.get_long().is_none() && $arg.get_short().is_none() {
+ $arg.num_args(1..)
+ // Allow collecting arguments interleaved with flags
+ .action($crate::ArgAction::Append)
+ } else {
+ $arg.action($crate::ArgAction::Append)
+ }
+ },
+ $crate::ArgAction::SetTrue | $crate::ArgAction::Help | $crate::ArgAction::Version => {
+ $arg.action($crate::ArgAction::Count)
+ }
+ action => {
+ panic!("Unexpected action {:?}", action)
+ }
+ };
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)*
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ $help:literal
+ ) => {{
+ $arg.help($help)
+ }};
+ (
+ @arg
+ ($arg:expr)
+ ) => {{
+ $arg
+ }};
+}
+
+/// Create an [`Arg`] from a usage string.
+///
+/// Allows creation of basic settings for the [`Arg`].
+///
+/// **NOTE**: Not all settings may be set using the usage string method. Some properties are
+/// only available via the builder pattern.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+///
+/// Usage strings typically following the form:
+///
+/// ```notrust
+/// [explicit name] [short] [long] [value names] [...] [help string]
+/// ```
+///
+/// ### Explicit Name
+///
+/// The name may be either a bare-word or a string, followed by a `:`, like `name:` or
+/// `"name":`.
+///
+/// *Note:* This is an optional field, if it's omitted the argument will use one of the additional
+/// fields as the name using the following priority order:
+///
+/// 1. Explicit Name
+/// 2. Long
+/// 3. Value Name
+///
+/// See [`Arg::id`][crate::Arg::id].
+///
+/// ### Short
+///
+/// A short flag is a `-` followed by either a bare-character or quoted character, like `-f` or
+/// `-'f'`.
+///
+/// See [`Arg::short`][crate::Arg::short].
+///
+/// ### Long
+///
+/// A long flag is a `--` followed by either a bare-word or a string, like `--foo` or
+/// `--"foo"`.
+///
+/// **NOTE:** Dashes in the long name (e.g. `--foo-bar`) is not supported and quoting is required
+/// (e.g. `--"foo-bar"`).
+///
+/// See [`Arg::long`][crate::Arg::long].
+///
+/// ### Values (Value Notation)
+///
+/// This is set by placing bare-word between:
+/// - `[]` like `[FOO]`
+/// - Positional argument: optional
+/// - Named argument: optional value
+/// - `<>` like `<FOO>`: required
+///
+/// See [`Arg::value_name`][crate::Arg::value_name].
+///
+/// ### `...`
+///
+/// `...` (three consecutive dots/periods) specifies that this argument may occur multiple
+/// times (not to be confused with multiple values per occurrence).
+///
+/// See [`ArgAction::Count`][crate::ArgAction::Count] and [`ArgAction::Append`][crate::ArgAction::Append].
+///
+/// ### Help String
+///
+/// The help string is denoted between a pair of double quotes `""` and may contain any
+/// characters.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # use clap::{Command, Arg, arg};
+/// let cmd = Command::new("prog")
+/// .args(&[
+/// arg!(--config <FILE> "a required file for the configuration and no short"),
+/// arg!(-d --debug ... "turns on debugging information and allows multiples"),
+/// arg!([input] "an optional input file to use")
+/// ]);
+///
+/// let m = cmd.try_get_matches_from(["prog", "--config", "file.toml"]).unwrap();
+/// assert_eq!(m.get_one::<String>("config").unwrap(), "file.toml");
+/// assert_eq!(*m.get_one::<u8>("debug").unwrap(), 0);
+/// assert_eq!(m.get_one::<String>("input"), None);
+/// ```
+/// [`Arg`]: crate::Arg
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! arg {
+ ( $name:ident: $($tail:tt)+ ) => {{
+ let arg = $crate::Arg::new($crate::arg_impl! { @string $name });
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)+
+ };
+ arg
+ }};
+ ( $($tail:tt)+ ) => {{
+ let arg = $crate::Arg::default();
+ let arg = $crate::arg_impl! {
+ @arg (arg) $($tail)+
+ };
+ debug_assert_ne!(arg.get_id(), "", "Without a value or long flag, the `name:` prefix is required");
+ arg
+ }};
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_settings {
+ ($settings:ident, $flags:ident,
+ $(
+ $(#[$inner:ident $($args:tt)*])*
+ $setting:ident => $flag:path
+ ),+
+ ) => {
+ impl $flags {
+ #[allow(dead_code)]
+ pub(crate) fn empty() -> Self {
+ $flags(Flags::empty())
+ }
+
+ #[allow(dead_code)]
+ pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
+ self.0.insert(rhs.0);
+ }
+
+ #[allow(dead_code)]
+ pub(crate) fn remove(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
+ self.0.remove(rhs.0);
+ }
+
+ #[allow(dead_code)]
+ pub(crate) fn set(&mut self, s: $settings) {
+ match s {
+ $(
+ $(#[$inner $($args)*])*
+ $settings::$setting => self.0.insert($flag),
+ )*
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[allow(dead_code)]
+ pub(crate) fn unset(&mut self, s: $settings) {
+ match s {
+ $(
+ $(#[$inner $($args)*])*
+ $settings::$setting => self.0.remove($flag),
+ )*
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[allow(dead_code)]
+ pub(crate) fn is_set(&self, s: $settings) -> bool {
+ match s {
+ $(
+ $(#[$inner $($args)*])*
+ $settings::$setting => self.0.contains($flag),
+ )*
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl BitOr for $flags {
+ type Output = Self;
+
+ fn bitor(mut self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+ self.0.insert(rhs.0);
+ self
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl From<$settings> for $flags {
+ fn from(setting: $settings) -> Self {
+ let mut flags = $flags::empty();
+ flags.set(setting);
+ flags
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl BitOr<$settings> for $flags {
+ type Output = Self;
+
+ fn bitor(mut self, rhs: $settings) -> Self::Output {
+ self.set(rhs);
+ self
+ }
+ }
+
+ impl BitOr for $settings {
+ type Output = $flags;
+
+ fn bitor(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+ let mut flags = $flags::empty();
+ flags.set(self);
+ flags.set(rhs);
+ flags
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "debug")]
+macro_rules! debug {
+ ($($arg:tt)*) => ({
+ let prefix = format!("[{:>w$}] \t", module_path!(), w = 28);
+ let body = format!($($arg)*);
+ let mut styled = $crate::builder::StyledStr::new();
+ styled.hint(prefix);
+ styled.hint(body);
+ styled.none("\n");
+ let color = $crate::output::fmt::Colorizer::new($crate::output::fmt::Stream::Stderr, $crate::ColorChoice::Auto).with_content(styled);
+ let _ = color.print();
+ })
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "debug"))]
+macro_rules! debug {
+ ($($arg:tt)*) => {};
+}
+
+macro_rules! ok {
+ ($expr:expr) => {
+ match $expr {
+ Ok(val) => val,
+ Err(err) => {
+ return Err(err);
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+macro_rules! some {
+ ($expr:expr) => {
+ match $expr {
+ Some(val) => val,
+ None => {
+ return None;
+ }
+ }
+ };
+}