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| -rw-r--r-- | vendor/serde/src/ser/mod.rs | 1986 |
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diff --git a/vendor/serde/src/ser/mod.rs b/vendor/serde/src/ser/mod.rs new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb226ae96 --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/serde/src/ser/mod.rs @@ -0,0 +1,1986 @@ +//! Generic data structure serialization framework. +//! +//! The two most important traits in this module are [`Serialize`] and +//! [`Serializer`]. +//! +//! - **A type that implements `Serialize` is a data structure** that can be +//! serialized to any data format supported by Serde, and conversely +//! - **A type that implements `Serializer` is a data format** that can +//! serialize any data structure supported by Serde. +//! +//! # The Serialize trait +//! +//! Serde provides [`Serialize`] implementations for many Rust primitive and +//! standard library types. The complete list is below. All of these can be +//! serialized using Serde out of the box. +//! +//! Additionally, Serde provides a procedural macro called [`serde_derive`] to +//! automatically generate [`Serialize`] implementations for structs and enums +//! in your program. See the [derive section of the manual] for how to use this. +//! +//! In rare cases it may be necessary to implement [`Serialize`] manually for +//! some type in your program. See the [Implementing `Serialize`] section of the +//! manual for more about this. +//! +//! Third-party crates may provide [`Serialize`] implementations for types that +//! they expose. For example the [`linked-hash-map`] crate provides a +//! [`LinkedHashMap<K, V>`] type that is serializable by Serde because the crate +//! provides an implementation of [`Serialize`] for it. +//! +//! # The Serializer trait +//! +//! [`Serializer`] implementations are provided by third-party crates, for +//! example [`serde_json`], [`serde_yaml`] and [`bincode`]. +//! +//! A partial list of well-maintained formats is given on the [Serde +//! website][data formats]. +//! +//! # Implementations of Serialize provided by Serde +//! +//! - **Primitive types**: +//! - bool +//! - i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize +//! - u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize +//! - f32, f64 +//! - char +//! - str +//! - &T and &mut T +//! - **Compound types**: +//! - \[T\] +//! - \[T; 0\] through \[T; 32\] +//! - tuples up to size 16 +//! - **Common standard library types**: +//! - String +//! - Option\<T\> +//! - Result\<T, E\> +//! - PhantomData\<T\> +//! - **Wrapper types**: +//! - Box\<T\> +//! - Cow\<'a, T\> +//! - Cell\<T\> +//! - RefCell\<T\> +//! - Mutex\<T\> +//! - RwLock\<T\> +//! - Rc\<T\> *(if* features = ["rc"] *is enabled)* +//! - Arc\<T\> *(if* features = ["rc"] *is enabled)* +//! - **Collection types**: +//! - BTreeMap\<K, V\> +//! - BTreeSet\<T\> +//! - BinaryHeap\<T\> +//! - HashMap\<K, V, H\> +//! - HashSet\<T, H\> +//! - LinkedList\<T\> +//! - VecDeque\<T\> +//! - Vec\<T\> +//! - **FFI types**: +//! - CStr +//! - CString +//! - OsStr +//! - OsString +//! - **Miscellaneous standard library types**: +//! - Duration +//! - SystemTime +//! - Path +//! - PathBuf +//! - Range\<T\> +//! - RangeInclusive\<T\> +//! - Bound\<T\> +//! - num::NonZero* +//! - `!` *(unstable)* +//! - **Net types**: +//! - IpAddr +//! - Ipv4Addr +//! - Ipv6Addr +//! - SocketAddr +//! - SocketAddrV4 +//! - SocketAddrV6 +//! +//! [Implementing `Serialize`]: https://serde.rs/impl-serialize.html +//! [`LinkedHashMap<K, V>`]: https://docs.rs/linked-hash-map/*/linked_hash_map/struct.LinkedHashMap.html +//! [`Serialize`]: ../trait.Serialize.html +//! [`Serializer`]: ../trait.Serializer.html +//! [`bincode`]: https://github.com/bincode-org/bincode +//! [`linked-hash-map`]: https://crates.io/crates/linked-hash-map +//! [`serde_derive`]: https://crates.io/crates/serde_derive +//! [`serde_json`]: https://github.com/serde-rs/json +//! [`serde_yaml`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/serde-yaml +//! [derive section of the manual]: https://serde.rs/derive.html +//! [data formats]: https://serde.rs/#data-formats + +use lib::*; + +mod fmt; +mod impls; +mod impossible; + +pub use self::impossible::Impossible; + +#[cfg(feature = "std")] +#[doc(no_inline)] +pub use std::error::Error as StdError; +#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))] +#[doc(no_inline)] +pub use std_error::Error as StdError; + +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +macro_rules! declare_error_trait { + (Error: Sized $(+ $($supertrait:ident)::+)*) => { + /// Trait used by `Serialize` implementations to generically construct + /// errors belonging to the `Serializer` against which they are + /// currently running. + /// + /// # Example implementation + /// + /// The [example data format] presented on the website shows an error + /// type appropriate for a basic JSON data format. + /// + /// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html + pub trait Error: Sized $(+ $($supertrait)::+)* { + /// Used when a [`Serialize`] implementation encounters any error + /// while serializing a type. + /// + /// The message should not be capitalized and should not end with a + /// period. + /// + /// For example, a filesystem [`Path`] may refuse to serialize + /// itself if it contains invalid UTF-8 data. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # struct Path; + /// # + /// # impl Path { + /// # fn to_str(&self) -> Option<&str> { + /// # unimplemented!() + /// # } + /// # } + /// # + /// use serde::ser::{self, Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// impl Serialize for Path { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match self.to_str() { + /// Some(s) => serializer.serialize_str(s), + /// None => Err(ser::Error::custom("path contains invalid UTF-8 characters")), + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// [`Path`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/path/struct.Path.html + /// [`Serialize`]: ../trait.Serialize.html + fn custom<T>(msg: T) -> Self + where + T: Display; + } + } +} + +#[cfg(feature = "std")] +declare_error_trait!(Error: Sized + StdError); + +#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))] +declare_error_trait!(Error: Sized + Debug + Display); + +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +/// A **data structure** that can be serialized into any data format supported +/// by Serde. +/// +/// Serde provides `Serialize` implementations for many Rust primitive and +/// standard library types. The complete list is [here][ser]. All of these can +/// be serialized using Serde out of the box. +/// +/// Additionally, Serde provides a procedural macro called [`serde_derive`] to +/// automatically generate `Serialize` implementations for structs and enums in +/// your program. See the [derive section of the manual] for how to use this. +/// +/// In rare cases it may be necessary to implement `Serialize` manually for some +/// type in your program. See the [Implementing `Serialize`] section of the +/// manual for more about this. +/// +/// Third-party crates may provide `Serialize` implementations for types that +/// they expose. For example the [`linked-hash-map`] crate provides a +/// [`LinkedHashMap<K, V>`] type that is serializable by Serde because the crate +/// provides an implementation of `Serialize` for it. +/// +/// [Implementing `Serialize`]: https://serde.rs/impl-serialize.html +/// [`LinkedHashMap<K, V>`]: https://docs.rs/linked-hash-map/*/linked_hash_map/struct.LinkedHashMap.html +/// [`linked-hash-map`]: https://crates.io/crates/linked-hash-map +/// [`serde_derive`]: https://crates.io/crates/serde_derive +/// [derive section of the manual]: https://serde.rs/derive.html +/// [ser]: https://docs.serde.rs/serde/ser/index.html +pub trait Serialize { + /// Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer. + /// + /// See the [Implementing `Serialize`] section of the manual for more + /// information about how to implement this method. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeStruct, Serializer}; + /// + /// struct Person { + /// name: String, + /// age: u8, + /// phones: Vec<String>, + /// } + /// + /// // This is what #[derive(Serialize)] would generate. + /// impl Serialize for Person { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut s = serializer.serialize_struct("Person", 3)?; + /// s.serialize_field("name", &self.name)?; + /// s.serialize_field("age", &self.age)?; + /// s.serialize_field("phones", &self.phones)?; + /// s.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// [Implementing `Serialize`]: https://serde.rs/impl-serialize.html + fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + where + S: Serializer; +} + +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + +/// A **data format** that can serialize any data structure supported by Serde. +/// +/// The role of this trait is to define the serialization half of the [Serde +/// data model], which is a way to categorize every Rust data structure into one +/// of 29 possible types. Each method of the `Serializer` trait corresponds to +/// one of the types of the data model. +/// +/// Implementations of `Serialize` map themselves into this data model by +/// invoking exactly one of the `Serializer` methods. +/// +/// The types that make up the Serde data model are: +/// +/// - **14 primitive types** +/// - bool +/// - i8, i16, i32, i64, i128 +/// - u8, u16, u32, u64, u128 +/// - f32, f64 +/// - char +/// - **string** +/// - UTF-8 bytes with a length and no null terminator. +/// - When serializing, all strings are handled equally. When deserializing, +/// there are three flavors of strings: transient, owned, and borrowed. +/// - **byte array** - \[u8\] +/// - Similar to strings, during deserialization byte arrays can be +/// transient, owned, or borrowed. +/// - **option** +/// - Either none or some value. +/// - **unit** +/// - The type of `()` in Rust. It represents an anonymous value containing +/// no data. +/// - **unit_struct** +/// - For example `struct Unit` or `PhantomData<T>`. It represents a named +/// value containing no data. +/// - **unit_variant** +/// - For example the `E::A` and `E::B` in `enum E { A, B }`. +/// - **newtype_struct** +/// - For example `struct Millimeters(u8)`. +/// - **newtype_variant** +/// - For example the `E::N` in `enum E { N(u8) }`. +/// - **seq** +/// - A variably sized heterogeneous sequence of values, for example +/// `Vec<T>` or `HashSet<T>`. When serializing, the length may or may not +/// be known before iterating through all the data. When deserializing, +/// the length is determined by looking at the serialized data. +/// - **tuple** +/// - A statically sized heterogeneous sequence of values for which the +/// length will be known at deserialization time without looking at the +/// serialized data, for example `(u8,)` or `(String, u64, Vec<T>)` or +/// `[u64; 10]`. +/// - **tuple_struct** +/// - A named tuple, for example `struct Rgb(u8, u8, u8)`. +/// - **tuple_variant** +/// - For example the `E::T` in `enum E { T(u8, u8) }`. +/// - **map** +/// - A heterogeneous key-value pairing, for example `BTreeMap<K, V>`. +/// - **struct** +/// - A heterogeneous key-value pairing in which the keys are strings and +/// will be known at deserialization time without looking at the +/// serialized data, for example `struct S { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 }`. +/// - **struct_variant** +/// - For example the `E::S` in `enum E { S { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 } }`. +/// +/// Many Serde serializers produce text or binary data as output, for example +/// JSON or Bincode. This is not a requirement of the `Serializer` trait, and +/// there are serializers that do not produce text or binary output. One example +/// is the `serde_json::value::Serializer` (distinct from the main `serde_json` +/// serializer) that produces a `serde_json::Value` data structure in memory as +/// output. +/// +/// [Serde data model]: https://serde.rs/data-model.html +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website contains example code for +/// a basic JSON `Serializer`. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait Serializer: Sized { + /// The output type produced by this `Serializer` during successful + /// serialization. Most serializers that produce text or binary output + /// should set `Ok = ()` and serialize into an [`io::Write`] or buffer + /// contained within the `Serializer` instance. Serializers that build + /// in-memory data structures may be simplified by using `Ok` to propagate + /// the data structure around. + /// + /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html + type Ok; + + /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization. + type Error: Error; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_seq`] for serializing the content of the + /// sequence. + /// + /// [`serialize_seq`]: #tymethod.serialize_seq + type SerializeSeq: SerializeSeq<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_tuple`] for serializing the content of + /// the tuple. + /// + /// [`serialize_tuple`]: #tymethod.serialize_tuple + type SerializeTuple: SerializeTuple<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_tuple_struct`] for serializing the + /// content of the tuple struct. + /// + /// [`serialize_tuple_struct`]: #tymethod.serialize_tuple_struct + type SerializeTupleStruct: SerializeTupleStruct<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_tuple_variant`] for serializing the + /// content of the tuple variant. + /// + /// [`serialize_tuple_variant`]: #tymethod.serialize_tuple_variant + type SerializeTupleVariant: SerializeTupleVariant<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_map`] for serializing the content of the + /// map. + /// + /// [`serialize_map`]: #tymethod.serialize_map + type SerializeMap: SerializeMap<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_struct`] for serializing the content of + /// the struct. + /// + /// [`serialize_struct`]: #tymethod.serialize_struct + type SerializeStruct: SerializeStruct<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Type returned from [`serialize_struct_variant`] for serializing the + /// content of the struct variant. + /// + /// [`serialize_struct_variant`]: #tymethod.serialize_struct_variant + type SerializeStructVariant: SerializeStructVariant<Ok = Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a `bool` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for bool { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_bool(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_bool(self, v: bool) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize an `i8` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `i8` and `i64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `i64` and + /// forward to `serialize_i64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for i8 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_i8(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_i8(self, v: i8) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize an `i16` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `i16` and `i64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `i64` and + /// forward to `serialize_i64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for i16 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_i16(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_i16(self, v: i16) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize an `i32` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `i32` and `i64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `i64` and + /// forward to `serialize_i64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for i32 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_i32(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_i32(self, v: i32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize an `i64` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for i64 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_i64(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_i64(self, v: i64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + serde_if_integer128! { + /// Serialize an `i128` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for i128 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_i128(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// This method is available only on Rust compiler versions >=1.26. The + /// default behavior unconditionally returns an error. + fn serialize_i128(self, v: i128) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> { + let _ = v; + Err(Error::custom("i128 is not supported")) + } + } + + /// Serialize a `u8` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `u8` and `u64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `u64` and + /// forward to `serialize_u64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for u8 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_u8(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_u8(self, v: u8) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a `u16` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `u16` and `u64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `u64` and + /// forward to `serialize_u64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for u16 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_u16(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_u16(self, v: u16) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a `u32` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `u32` and `u64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `u64` and + /// forward to `serialize_u64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for u32 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_u32(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_u32(self, v: u32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a `u64` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for u64 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_u64(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_u64(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + serde_if_integer128! { + /// Serialize a `u128` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for u128 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_u128(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// This method is available only on Rust compiler versions >=1.26. The + /// default behavior unconditionally returns an error. + fn serialize_u128(self, v: u128) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> { + let _ = v; + Err(Error::custom("u128 is not supported")) + } + } + + /// Serialize an `f32` value. + /// + /// If the format does not differentiate between `f32` and `f64`, a + /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `f64` and + /// forward to `serialize_f64`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for f32 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_f32(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_f32(self, v: f32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize an `f64` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for f64 { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_f64(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_f64(self, v: f64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a character. + /// + /// If the format does not support characters, it is reasonable to serialize + /// it as a single element `str` or a `u32`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for char { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_char(*self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_char(self, v: char) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a `&str`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for str { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_str(self) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_str(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a chunk of raw byte data. + /// + /// Enables serializers to serialize byte slices more compactly or more + /// efficiently than other types of slices. If no efficient implementation + /// is available, a reasonable implementation would be to forward to + /// `serialize_seq`. If forwarded, the implementation looks usually just + /// like this: + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::ser::{Serializer, SerializeSeq}; + /// # use serde::__private::doc::Error; + /// # + /// # struct MySerializer; + /// # + /// # impl Serializer for MySerializer { + /// # type Ok = (); + /// # type Error = Error; + /// # + /// fn serialize_bytes(self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> { + /// let mut seq = self.serialize_seq(Some(v.len()))?; + /// for b in v { + /// seq.serialize_element(b)?; + /// } + /// seq.end() + /// } + /// # + /// # serde::__serialize_unimplemented! { + /// # bool i8 i16 i32 i64 u8 u16 u32 u64 f32 f64 char str none some + /// # unit unit_struct unit_variant newtype_struct newtype_variant + /// # seq tuple tuple_struct tuple_variant map struct struct_variant + /// # } + /// # } + /// ``` + fn serialize_bytes(self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a [`None`] value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// # + /// # enum Option<T> { + /// # Some(T), + /// # None, + /// # } + /// # + /// # use self::Option::{Some, None}; + /// # + /// impl<T> Serialize for Option<T> + /// where + /// T: Serialize, + /// { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match *self { + /// Some(ref value) => serializer.serialize_some(value), + /// None => serializer.serialize_none(), + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// # + /// # fn main() {} + /// ``` + /// + /// [`None`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html#variant.None + fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a [`Some(T)`] value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// # + /// # enum Option<T> { + /// # Some(T), + /// # None, + /// # } + /// # + /// # use self::Option::{Some, None}; + /// # + /// impl<T> Serialize for Option<T> + /// where + /// T: Serialize, + /// { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match *self { + /// Some(ref value) => serializer.serialize_some(value), + /// None => serializer.serialize_none(), + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// # + /// # fn main() {} + /// ``` + /// + /// [`Some(T)`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html#variant.Some + fn serialize_some<T: ?Sized>(self, value: &T) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Serialize a `()` value. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use serde::Serializer; + /// # + /// # serde::__private_serialize!(); + /// # + /// impl Serialize for () { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_unit() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_unit(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a unit struct like `struct Unit` or `PhantomData<T>`. + /// + /// A reasonable implementation would be to forward to `serialize_unit`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// struct Nothing; + /// + /// impl Serialize for Nothing { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_unit_struct("Nothing") + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_unit_struct(self, name: &'static str) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a unit variant like `E::A` in `enum E { A, B }`. + /// + /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of + /// this variant within the enum, and the `variant` is the name of the + /// variant. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// enum E { + /// A, + /// B, + /// } + /// + /// impl Serialize for E { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match *self { + /// E::A => serializer.serialize_unit_variant("E", 0, "A"), + /// E::B => serializer.serialize_unit_variant("E", 1, "B"), + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_unit_variant( + self, + name: &'static str, + variant_index: u32, + variant: &'static str, + ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; + + /// Serialize a newtype struct like `struct Millimeters(u8)`. + /// + /// Serializers are encouraged to treat newtype structs as insignificant + /// wrappers around the data they contain. A reasonable implementation would + /// be to forward to `value.serialize(self)`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// struct Millimeters(u8); + /// + /// impl Serialize for Millimeters { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.serialize_newtype_struct("Millimeters", &self.0) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_newtype_struct<T: ?Sized>( + self, + name: &'static str, + value: &T, + ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Serialize a newtype variant like `E::N` in `enum E { N(u8) }`. + /// + /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of + /// this variant within the enum, and the `variant` is the name of the + /// variant. The `value` is the data contained within this newtype variant. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// enum E { + /// M(String), + /// N(u8), + /// } + /// + /// impl Serialize for E { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match *self { + /// E::M(ref s) => serializer.serialize_newtype_variant("E", 0, "M", s), + /// E::N(n) => serializer.serialize_newtype_variant("E", 1, "N", &n), + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_newtype_variant<T: ?Sized>( + self, + name: &'static str, + variant_index: u32, + variant: &'static str, + value: &T, + ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Begin to serialize a variably sized sequence. This call must be + /// followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_element`, then a call to + /// `end`. + /// + /// The argument is the number of elements in the sequence, which may or may + /// not be computable before the sequence is iterated. Some serializers only + /// support sequences whose length is known up front. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use std::marker::PhantomData; + /// # + /// # struct Vec<T>(PhantomData<T>); + /// # + /// # impl<T> Vec<T> { + /// # fn len(&self) -> usize { + /// # unimplemented!() + /// # } + /// # } + /// # + /// # impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Vec<T> { + /// # type Item = &'a T; + /// # type IntoIter = Box<Iterator<Item = &'a T>>; + /// # + /// # fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { + /// # unimplemented!() + /// # } + /// # } + /// # + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeSeq}; + /// + /// impl<T> Serialize for Vec<T> + /// where + /// T: Serialize, + /// { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len()))?; + /// for element in self { + /// seq.serialize_element(element)?; + /// } + /// seq.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_seq(self, len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq, Self::Error>; + + /// Begin to serialize a statically sized sequence whose length will be + /// known at deserialization time without looking at the serialized data. + /// This call must be followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_element`, + /// then a call to `end`. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeTuple}; + /// + /// # mod fool { + /// # trait Serialize {} + /// impl<A, B, C> Serialize for (A, B, C) + /// # {} + /// # } + /// # + /// # struct Tuple3<A, B, C>(A, B, C); + /// # + /// # impl<A, B, C> Serialize for Tuple3<A, B, C> + /// where + /// A: Serialize, + /// B: Serialize, + /// C: Serialize, + /// { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut tup = serializer.serialize_tuple(3)?; + /// tup.serialize_element(&self.0)?; + /// tup.serialize_element(&self.1)?; + /// tup.serialize_element(&self.2)?; + /// tup.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeTuple, Serializer}; + /// + /// const VRAM_SIZE: usize = 386; + /// struct Vram([u16; VRAM_SIZE]); + /// + /// impl Serialize for Vram { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_tuple(VRAM_SIZE)?; + /// for element in &self.0[..] { + /// seq.serialize_element(element)?; + /// } + /// seq.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_tuple(self, len: usize) -> Result<Self::SerializeTuple, Self::Error>; + + /// Begin to serialize a tuple struct like `struct Rgb(u8, u8, u8)`. This + /// call must be followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_field`, then a + /// call to `end`. + /// + /// The `name` is the name of the tuple struct and the `len` is the number + /// of data fields that will be serialized. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeTupleStruct, Serializer}; + /// + /// struct Rgb(u8, u8, u8); + /// + /// impl Serialize for Rgb { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut ts = serializer.serialize_tuple_struct("Rgb", 3)?; + /// ts.serialize_field(&self.0)?; + /// ts.serialize_field(&self.1)?; + /// ts.serialize_field(&self.2)?; + /// ts.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_tuple_struct( + self, + name: &'static str, + len: usize, + ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleStruct, Self::Error>; + + /// Begin to serialize a tuple variant like `E::T` in `enum E { T(u8, u8) + /// }`. This call must be followed by zero or more calls to + /// `serialize_field`, then a call to `end`. + /// + /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of + /// this variant within the enum, the `variant` is the name of the variant, + /// and the `len` is the number of data fields that will be serialized. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeTupleVariant, Serializer}; + /// + /// enum E { + /// T(u8, u8), + /// U(String, u32, u32), + /// } + /// + /// impl Serialize for E { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match *self { + /// E::T(ref a, ref b) => { + /// let mut tv = serializer.serialize_tuple_variant("E", 0, "T", 2)?; + /// tv.serialize_field(a)?; + /// tv.serialize_field(b)?; + /// tv.end() + /// } + /// E::U(ref a, ref b, ref c) => { + /// let mut tv = serializer.serialize_tuple_variant("E", 1, "U", 3)?; + /// tv.serialize_field(a)?; + /// tv.serialize_field(b)?; + /// tv.serialize_field(c)?; + /// tv.end() + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_tuple_variant( + self, + name: &'static str, + variant_index: u32, + variant: &'static str, + len: usize, + ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleVariant, Self::Error>; + + /// Begin to serialize a map. This call must be followed by zero or more + /// calls to `serialize_key` and `serialize_value`, then a call to `end`. + /// + /// The argument is the number of elements in the map, which may or may not + /// be computable before the map is iterated. Some serializers only support + /// maps whose length is known up front. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use std::marker::PhantomData; + /// # + /// # struct HashMap<K, V>(PhantomData<K>, PhantomData<V>); + /// # + /// # impl<K, V> HashMap<K, V> { + /// # fn len(&self) -> usize { + /// # unimplemented!() + /// # } + /// # } + /// # + /// # impl<'a, K, V> IntoIterator for &'a HashMap<K, V> { + /// # type Item = (&'a K, &'a V); + /// # type IntoIter = Box<Iterator<Item = (&'a K, &'a V)>>; + /// # + /// # fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { + /// # unimplemented!() + /// # } + /// # } + /// # + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeMap}; + /// + /// impl<K, V> Serialize for HashMap<K, V> + /// where + /// K: Serialize, + /// V: Serialize, + /// { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(self.len()))?; + /// for (k, v) in self { + /// map.serialize_entry(k, v)?; + /// } + /// map.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_map(self, len: Option<usize>) -> Result<Self::SerializeMap, Self::Error>; + + /// Begin to serialize a struct like `struct Rgb { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 }`. + /// This call must be followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_field`, + /// then a call to `end`. + /// + /// The `name` is the name of the struct and the `len` is the number of + /// data fields that will be serialized. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeStruct, Serializer}; + /// + /// struct Rgb { + /// r: u8, + /// g: u8, + /// b: u8, + /// } + /// + /// impl Serialize for Rgb { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// let mut rgb = serializer.serialize_struct("Rgb", 3)?; + /// rgb.serialize_field("r", &self.r)?; + /// rgb.serialize_field("g", &self.g)?; + /// rgb.serialize_field("b", &self.b)?; + /// rgb.end() + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_struct( + self, + name: &'static str, + len: usize, + ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStruct, Self::Error>; + + /// Begin to serialize a struct variant like `E::S` in `enum E { S { r: u8, + /// g: u8, b: u8 } }`. This call must be followed by zero or more calls to + /// `serialize_field`, then a call to `end`. + /// + /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of + /// this variant within the enum, the `variant` is the name of the variant, + /// and the `len` is the number of data fields that will be serialized. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeStructVariant, Serializer}; + /// + /// enum E { + /// S { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 }, + /// } + /// + /// impl Serialize for E { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// match *self { + /// E::S { + /// ref r, + /// ref g, + /// ref b, + /// } => { + /// let mut sv = serializer.serialize_struct_variant("E", 0, "S", 3)?; + /// sv.serialize_field("r", r)?; + /// sv.serialize_field("g", g)?; + /// sv.serialize_field("b", b)?; + /// sv.end() + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + fn serialize_struct_variant( + self, + name: &'static str, + variant_index: u32, + variant: &'static str, + len: usize, + ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStructVariant, Self::Error>; + + /// Collect an iterator as a sequence. + /// + /// The default implementation serializes each item yielded by the iterator + /// using [`serialize_seq`]. Implementors should not need to override this + /// method. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// struct SecretlyOneHigher { + /// data: Vec<i32>, + /// } + /// + /// impl Serialize for SecretlyOneHigher { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.collect_seq(self.data.iter().map(|x| x + 1)) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// [`serialize_seq`]: #tymethod.serialize_seq + fn collect_seq<I>(self, iter: I) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + I: IntoIterator, + <I as IntoIterator>::Item: Serialize, + { + let iter = iter.into_iter(); + let mut serializer = try!(self.serialize_seq(iterator_len_hint(&iter))); + + #[cfg(not(no_iterator_try_fold))] + { + let mut iter = iter; + try!(iter.try_for_each(|item| serializer.serialize_element(&item))); + } + + #[cfg(no_iterator_try_fold)] + { + for item in iter { + try!(serializer.serialize_element(&item)); + } + } + + serializer.end() + } + + /// Collect an iterator as a map. + /// + /// The default implementation serializes each pair yielded by the iterator + /// using [`serialize_map`]. Implementors should not need to override this + /// method. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// use std::collections::BTreeSet; + /// + /// struct MapToUnit { + /// keys: BTreeSet<i32>, + /// } + /// + /// // Serializes as a map in which the values are all unit. + /// impl Serialize for MapToUnit { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.collect_map(self.keys.iter().map(|k| (k, ()))) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// [`serialize_map`]: #tymethod.serialize_map + fn collect_map<K, V, I>(self, iter: I) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + K: Serialize, + V: Serialize, + I: IntoIterator<Item = (K, V)>, + { + let iter = iter.into_iter(); + let mut serializer = try!(self.serialize_map(iterator_len_hint(&iter))); + + #[cfg(not(no_iterator_try_fold))] + { + let mut iter = iter; + try!(iter.try_for_each(|(key, value)| serializer.serialize_entry(&key, &value))); + } + + #[cfg(no_iterator_try_fold)] + { + for (key, value) in iter { + try!(serializer.serialize_entry(&key, &value)); + } + } + + serializer.end() + } + + /// Serialize a string produced by an implementation of `Display`. + /// + /// The default implementation builds a heap-allocated [`String`] and + /// delegates to [`serialize_str`]. Serializers are encouraged to provide a + /// more efficient implementation if possible. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # struct DateTime; + /// # + /// # impl DateTime { + /// # fn naive_local(&self) -> () { () } + /// # fn offset(&self) -> () { () } + /// # } + /// # + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// impl Serialize for DateTime { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.collect_str(&format_args!("{:?}{:?}", + /// self.naive_local(), + /// self.offset())) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// [`String`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html + /// [`serialize_str`]: #tymethod.serialize_str + #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc"))] + fn collect_str<T: ?Sized>(self, value: &T) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + T: Display, + { + self.serialize_str(&value.to_string()) + } + + /// Serialize a string produced by an implementation of `Display`. + /// + /// Serializers that use `no_std` are required to provide an implementation + /// of this method. If no more sensible behavior is possible, the + /// implementation is expected to return an error. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # struct DateTime; + /// # + /// # impl DateTime { + /// # fn naive_local(&self) -> () { () } + /// # fn offset(&self) -> () { () } + /// # } + /// # + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// impl Serialize for DateTime { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// serializer.collect_str(&format_args!("{:?}{:?}", + /// self.naive_local(), + /// self.offset())) + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + #[cfg(not(any(feature = "std", feature = "alloc")))] + fn collect_str<T: ?Sized>(self, value: &T) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error> + where + T: Display; + + /// Determine whether `Serialize` implementations should serialize in + /// human-readable form. + /// + /// Some types have a human-readable form that may be somewhat expensive to + /// construct, as well as a binary form that is compact and efficient. + /// Generally text-based formats like JSON and YAML will prefer to use the + /// human-readable one and binary formats like Bincode will prefer the + /// compact one. + /// + /// ```edition2018 + /// # use std::fmt::{self, Display}; + /// # + /// # struct Timestamp; + /// # + /// # impl Timestamp { + /// # fn seconds_since_epoch(&self) -> u64 { unimplemented!() } + /// # } + /// # + /// # impl Display for Timestamp { + /// # fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { + /// # unimplemented!() + /// # } + /// # } + /// # + /// use serde::{Serialize, Serializer}; + /// + /// impl Serialize for Timestamp { + /// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> + /// where + /// S: Serializer, + /// { + /// if serializer.is_human_readable() { + /// // Serialize to a human-readable string "2015-05-15T17:01:00Z". + /// self.to_string().serialize(serializer) + /// } else { + /// // Serialize to a compact binary representation. + /// self.seconds_since_epoch().serialize(serializer) + /// } + /// } + /// } + /// ``` + /// + /// The default implementation of this method returns `true`. Data formats + /// may override this to `false` to request a compact form for types that + /// support one. Note that modifying this method to change a format from + /// human-readable to compact or vice versa should be regarded as a breaking + /// change, as a value serialized in human-readable mode is not required to + /// deserialize from the same data in compact mode. + #[inline] + fn is_human_readable(&self) -> bool { + true + } +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_seq`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// # use std::marker::PhantomData; +/// # +/// # struct Vec<T>(PhantomData<T>); +/// # +/// # impl<T> Vec<T> { +/// # fn len(&self) -> usize { +/// # unimplemented!() +/// # } +/// # } +/// # +/// # impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Vec<T> { +/// # type Item = &'a T; +/// # type IntoIter = Box<Iterator<Item = &'a T>>; +/// # fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { +/// # unimplemented!() +/// # } +/// # } +/// # +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeSeq}; +/// +/// impl<T> Serialize for Vec<T> +/// where +/// T: Serialize, +/// { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len()))?; +/// for element in self { +/// seq.serialize_element(element)?; +/// } +/// seq.end() +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeSeq` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeSeq { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a sequence element. + fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Finish serializing a sequence. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_tuple`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeTuple}; +/// +/// # mod fool { +/// # trait Serialize {} +/// impl<A, B, C> Serialize for (A, B, C) +/// # {} +/// # } +/// # +/// # struct Tuple3<A, B, C>(A, B, C); +/// # +/// # impl<A, B, C> Serialize for Tuple3<A, B, C> +/// where +/// A: Serialize, +/// B: Serialize, +/// C: Serialize, +/// { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// let mut tup = serializer.serialize_tuple(3)?; +/// tup.serialize_element(&self.0)?; +/// tup.serialize_element(&self.1)?; +/// tup.serialize_element(&self.2)?; +/// tup.end() +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// # use std::marker::PhantomData; +/// # +/// # struct Array<T>(PhantomData<T>); +/// # +/// # impl<T> Array<T> { +/// # fn len(&self) -> usize { +/// # unimplemented!() +/// # } +/// # } +/// # +/// # impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Array<T> { +/// # type Item = &'a T; +/// # type IntoIter = Box<Iterator<Item = &'a T>>; +/// # fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { +/// # unimplemented!() +/// # } +/// # } +/// # +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeTuple}; +/// +/// # mod fool { +/// # trait Serialize {} +/// impl<T> Serialize for [T; 16] +/// # {} +/// # } +/// # +/// # impl<T> Serialize for Array<T> +/// where +/// T: Serialize, +/// { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_tuple(16)?; +/// for element in self { +/// seq.serialize_element(element)?; +/// } +/// seq.end() +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeTuple` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeTuple { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a tuple element. + fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Finish serializing a tuple. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_tuple_struct`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeTupleStruct, Serializer}; +/// +/// struct Rgb(u8, u8, u8); +/// +/// impl Serialize for Rgb { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// let mut ts = serializer.serialize_tuple_struct("Rgb", 3)?; +/// ts.serialize_field(&self.0)?; +/// ts.serialize_field(&self.1)?; +/// ts.serialize_field(&self.2)?; +/// ts.end() +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeTupleStruct` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeTupleStruct { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a tuple struct field. + fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Finish serializing a tuple struct. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_tuple_variant`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeTupleVariant, Serializer}; +/// +/// enum E { +/// T(u8, u8), +/// U(String, u32, u32), +/// } +/// +/// impl Serialize for E { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// match *self { +/// E::T(ref a, ref b) => { +/// let mut tv = serializer.serialize_tuple_variant("E", 0, "T", 2)?; +/// tv.serialize_field(a)?; +/// tv.serialize_field(b)?; +/// tv.end() +/// } +/// E::U(ref a, ref b, ref c) => { +/// let mut tv = serializer.serialize_tuple_variant("E", 1, "U", 3)?; +/// tv.serialize_field(a)?; +/// tv.serialize_field(b)?; +/// tv.serialize_field(c)?; +/// tv.end() +/// } +/// } +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeTupleVariant` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeTupleVariant { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a tuple variant field. + fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Finish serializing a tuple variant. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_map`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// # use std::marker::PhantomData; +/// # +/// # struct HashMap<K, V>(PhantomData<K>, PhantomData<V>); +/// # +/// # impl<K, V> HashMap<K, V> { +/// # fn len(&self) -> usize { +/// # unimplemented!() +/// # } +/// # } +/// # +/// # impl<'a, K, V> IntoIterator for &'a HashMap<K, V> { +/// # type Item = (&'a K, &'a V); +/// # type IntoIter = Box<Iterator<Item = (&'a K, &'a V)>>; +/// # +/// # fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter { +/// # unimplemented!() +/// # } +/// # } +/// # +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, SerializeMap}; +/// +/// impl<K, V> Serialize for HashMap<K, V> +/// where +/// K: Serialize, +/// V: Serialize, +/// { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(self.len()))?; +/// for (k, v) in self { +/// map.serialize_entry(k, v)?; +/// } +/// map.end() +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeMap` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeMap { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a map key. + /// + /// If possible, `Serialize` implementations are encouraged to use + /// `serialize_entry` instead as it may be implemented more efficiently in + /// some formats compared to a pair of calls to `serialize_key` and + /// `serialize_value`. + fn serialize_key<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, key: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Serialize a map value. + /// + /// # Panics + /// + /// Calling `serialize_value` before `serialize_key` is incorrect and is + /// allowed to panic or produce bogus results. + fn serialize_value<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Serialize a map entry consisting of a key and a value. + /// + /// Some [`Serialize`] types are not able to hold a key and value in memory + /// at the same time so `SerializeMap` implementations are required to + /// support [`serialize_key`] and [`serialize_value`] individually. The + /// `serialize_entry` method allows serializers to optimize for the case + /// where key and value are both available. [`Serialize`] implementations + /// are encouraged to use `serialize_entry` if possible. + /// + /// The default implementation delegates to [`serialize_key`] and + /// [`serialize_value`]. This is appropriate for serializers that do not + /// care about performance or are not able to optimize `serialize_entry` any + /// better than this. + /// + /// [`Serialize`]: ../trait.Serialize.html + /// [`serialize_key`]: #tymethod.serialize_key + /// [`serialize_value`]: #tymethod.serialize_value + fn serialize_entry<K: ?Sized, V: ?Sized>( + &mut self, + key: &K, + value: &V, + ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + K: Serialize, + V: Serialize, + { + try!(self.serialize_key(key)); + self.serialize_value(value) + } + + /// Finish serializing a map. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_struct`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeStruct, Serializer}; +/// +/// struct Rgb { +/// r: u8, +/// g: u8, +/// b: u8, +/// } +/// +/// impl Serialize for Rgb { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// let mut rgb = serializer.serialize_struct("Rgb", 3)?; +/// rgb.serialize_field("r", &self.r)?; +/// rgb.serialize_field("g", &self.g)?; +/// rgb.serialize_field("b", &self.b)?; +/// rgb.end() +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeStruct` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeStruct { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a struct field. + fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>( + &mut self, + key: &'static str, + value: &T, + ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Indicate that a struct field has been skipped. + #[inline] + fn skip_field(&mut self, key: &'static str) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { + let _ = key; + Ok(()) + } + + /// Finish serializing a struct. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +/// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_struct_variant`. +/// +/// # Example use +/// +/// ```edition2018 +/// use serde::ser::{Serialize, SerializeStructVariant, Serializer}; +/// +/// enum E { +/// S { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 }, +/// } +/// +/// impl Serialize for E { +/// fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> +/// where +/// S: Serializer, +/// { +/// match *self { +/// E::S { +/// ref r, +/// ref g, +/// ref b, +/// } => { +/// let mut sv = serializer.serialize_struct_variant("E", 0, "S", 3)?; +/// sv.serialize_field("r", r)?; +/// sv.serialize_field("g", g)?; +/// sv.serialize_field("b", b)?; +/// sv.end() +/// } +/// } +/// } +/// } +/// ``` +/// +/// # Example implementation +/// +/// The [example data format] presented on the website demonstrates an +/// implementation of `SerializeStructVariant` for a basic JSON data format. +/// +/// [example data format]: https://serde.rs/data-format.html +pub trait SerializeStructVariant { + /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`. + type Ok; + + /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`. + type Error: Error; + + /// Serialize a struct variant field. + fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>( + &mut self, + key: &'static str, + value: &T, + ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> + where + T: Serialize; + + /// Indicate that a struct variant field has been skipped. + #[inline] + fn skip_field(&mut self, key: &'static str) -> Result<(), Self::Error> { + let _ = key; + Ok(()) + } + + /// Finish serializing a struct variant. + fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>; +} + +fn iterator_len_hint<I>(iter: &I) -> Option<usize> +where + I: Iterator, +{ + match iter.size_hint() { + (lo, Some(hi)) if lo == hi => Some(lo), + _ => None, + } +} |