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+use super::Value;
+use crate::map::Map;
+use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
+use alloc::string::String;
+use core::fmt::{self, Display};
+use core::ops;
+
+/// A type that can be used to index into a `serde_json::Value`.
+///
+/// The [`get`] and [`get_mut`] methods of `Value` accept any type that
+/// implements `Index`, as does the [square-bracket indexing operator]. This
+/// trait is implemented for strings which are used as the index into a JSON
+/// map, and for `usize` which is used as the index into a JSON array.
+///
+/// [`get`]: ../enum.Value.html#method.get
+/// [`get_mut`]: ../enum.Value.html#method.get_mut
+/// [square-bracket indexing operator]: ../enum.Value.html#impl-Index%3CI%3E
+///
+/// This trait is sealed and cannot be implemented for types outside of
+/// `serde_json`.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use serde_json::json;
+/// #
+/// let data = json!({ "inner": [1, 2, 3] });
+///
+/// // Data is a JSON map so it can be indexed with a string.
+/// let inner = &data["inner"];
+///
+/// // Inner is a JSON array so it can be indexed with an integer.
+/// let first = &inner[0];
+///
+/// assert_eq!(first, 1);
+/// ```
+pub trait Index: private::Sealed {
+ /// Return None if the key is not already in the array or object.
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ fn index_into<'v>(&self, v: &'v Value) -> Option<&'v Value>;
+
+ /// Return None if the key is not already in the array or object.
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ fn index_into_mut<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> Option<&'v mut Value>;
+
+ /// Panic if array index out of bounds. If key is not already in the object,
+ /// insert it with a value of null. Panic if Value is a type that cannot be
+ /// indexed into, except if Value is null then it can be treated as an empty
+ /// object.
+ #[doc(hidden)]
+ fn index_or_insert<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> &'v mut Value;
+}
+
+impl Index for usize {
+ fn index_into<'v>(&self, v: &'v Value) -> Option<&'v Value> {
+ match v {
+ Value::Array(vec) => vec.get(*self),
+ _ => None,
+ }
+ }
+ fn index_into_mut<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> Option<&'v mut Value> {
+ match v {
+ Value::Array(vec) => vec.get_mut(*self),
+ _ => None,
+ }
+ }
+ fn index_or_insert<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> &'v mut Value {
+ match v {
+ Value::Array(vec) => {
+ let len = vec.len();
+ vec.get_mut(*self).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+ panic!(
+ "cannot access index {} of JSON array of length {}",
+ self, len
+ )
+ })
+ }
+ _ => panic!("cannot access index {} of JSON {}", self, Type(v)),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl Index for str {
+ fn index_into<'v>(&self, v: &'v Value) -> Option<&'v Value> {
+ match v {
+ Value::Object(map) => map.get(self),
+ _ => None,
+ }
+ }
+ fn index_into_mut<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> Option<&'v mut Value> {
+ match v {
+ Value::Object(map) => map.get_mut(self),
+ _ => None,
+ }
+ }
+ fn index_or_insert<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> &'v mut Value {
+ if let Value::Null = v {
+ *v = Value::Object(Map::new());
+ }
+ match v {
+ Value::Object(map) => map.entry(self.to_owned()).or_insert(Value::Null),
+ _ => panic!("cannot access key {:?} in JSON {}", self, Type(v)),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+impl Index for String {
+ fn index_into<'v>(&self, v: &'v Value) -> Option<&'v Value> {
+ self[..].index_into(v)
+ }
+ fn index_into_mut<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> Option<&'v mut Value> {
+ self[..].index_into_mut(v)
+ }
+ fn index_or_insert<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> &'v mut Value {
+ self[..].index_or_insert(v)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Index for &'a T
+where
+ T: ?Sized + Index,
+{
+ fn index_into<'v>(&self, v: &'v Value) -> Option<&'v Value> {
+ (**self).index_into(v)
+ }
+ fn index_into_mut<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> Option<&'v mut Value> {
+ (**self).index_into_mut(v)
+ }
+ fn index_or_insert<'v>(&self, v: &'v mut Value) -> &'v mut Value {
+ (**self).index_or_insert(v)
+ }
+}
+
+// Prevent users from implementing the Index trait.
+mod private {
+ pub trait Sealed {}
+ impl Sealed for usize {}
+ impl Sealed for str {}
+ impl Sealed for alloc::string::String {}
+ impl<'a, T> Sealed for &'a T where T: ?Sized + Sealed {}
+}
+
+/// Used in panic messages.
+struct Type<'a>(&'a Value);
+
+impl<'a> Display for Type<'a> {
+ fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+ match *self.0 {
+ Value::Null => formatter.write_str("null"),
+ Value::Bool(_) => formatter.write_str("boolean"),
+ Value::Number(_) => formatter.write_str("number"),
+ Value::String(_) => formatter.write_str("string"),
+ Value::Array(_) => formatter.write_str("array"),
+ Value::Object(_) => formatter.write_str("object"),
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// The usual semantics of Index is to panic on invalid indexing.
+//
+// That said, the usual semantics are for things like Vec and BTreeMap which
+// have different use cases than Value. If you are working with a Vec, you know
+// that you are working with a Vec and you can get the len of the Vec and make
+// sure your indices are within bounds. The Value use cases are more
+// loosey-goosey. You got some JSON from an endpoint and you want to pull values
+// out of it. Outside of this Index impl, you already have the option of using
+// value.as_array() and working with the Vec directly, or matching on
+// Value::Array and getting the Vec directly. The Index impl means you can skip
+// that and index directly into the thing using a concise syntax. You don't have
+// to check the type, you don't have to check the len, it is all about what you
+// expect the Value to look like.
+//
+// Basically the use cases that would be well served by panicking here are
+// better served by using one of the other approaches: get and get_mut,
+// as_array, or match. The value of this impl is that it adds a way of working
+// with Value that is not well served by the existing approaches: concise and
+// careless and sometimes that is exactly what you want.
+impl<I> ops::Index<I> for Value
+where
+ I: Index,
+{
+ type Output = Value;
+
+ /// Index into a `serde_json::Value` using the syntax `value[0]` or
+ /// `value["k"]`.
+ ///
+ /// Returns `Value::Null` if the type of `self` does not match the type of
+ /// the index, for example if the index is a string and `self` is an array
+ /// or a number. Also returns `Value::Null` if the given key does not exist
+ /// in the map or the given index is not within the bounds of the array.
+ ///
+ /// For retrieving deeply nested values, you should have a look at the
+ /// `Value::pointer` method.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// # use serde_json::json;
+ /// #
+ /// let data = json!({
+ /// "x": {
+ /// "y": ["z", "zz"]
+ /// }
+ /// });
+ ///
+ /// assert_eq!(data["x"]["y"], json!(["z", "zz"]));
+ /// assert_eq!(data["x"]["y"][0], json!("z"));
+ ///
+ /// assert_eq!(data["a"], json!(null)); // returns null for undefined values
+ /// assert_eq!(data["a"]["b"], json!(null)); // does not panic
+ /// ```
+ fn index(&self, index: I) -> &Value {
+ static NULL: Value = Value::Null;
+ index.index_into(self).unwrap_or(&NULL)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<I> ops::IndexMut<I> for Value
+where
+ I: Index,
+{
+ /// Write into a `serde_json::Value` using the syntax `value[0] = ...` or
+ /// `value["k"] = ...`.
+ ///
+ /// If the index is a number, the value must be an array of length bigger
+ /// than the index. Indexing into a value that is not an array or an array
+ /// that is too small will panic.
+ ///
+ /// If the index is a string, the value must be an object or null which is
+ /// treated like an empty object. If the key is not already present in the
+ /// object, it will be inserted with a value of null. Indexing into a value
+ /// that is neither an object nor null will panic.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// # use serde_json::json;
+ /// #
+ /// let mut data = json!({ "x": 0 });
+ ///
+ /// // replace an existing key
+ /// data["x"] = json!(1);
+ ///
+ /// // insert a new key
+ /// data["y"] = json!([false, false, false]);
+ ///
+ /// // replace an array value
+ /// data["y"][0] = json!(true);
+ ///
+ /// // inserted a deeply nested key
+ /// data["a"]["b"]["c"]["d"] = json!(true);
+ ///
+ /// println!("{}", data);
+ /// ```
+ fn index_mut(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut Value {
+ index.index_or_insert(self)
+ }
+}